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  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (37,358)
  • 1990-1994  (37,200)
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 26 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Temporary work provides a prism that separates out and thereby makes manifest some of the displacing effects of today's most diversified and expanded divisions of capitalist labor. The chaotic conceptions of statistics agencies and business commentators fail to come to terms with this displacement, while transaction cost theories of flexibility fare little better. By contrast, a Marxist attention to displacements in the chain of value can adequately theorize and explain the capitalist roots of alienation in temping. A Marxist account is also better placed to analyze the spatial and institutional displacement of the labor process through temping. Finally, when sensitized to its own economic limits, a Marxist reading of value formation can also open the door to analyzing other, non-economic, codings of workers' value.
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  • 2
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 26 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Robert Brenner is a follower of one tradition in Marxism that is as diffusionist, as Eurocentric, as any conservative position. Within one of the most egalitarian of all socio-political doctrines, this is a tradition that believes in the historical superiority of Europeans over non-Europeans. Eurocentric Marxists are not racist, nor even prejudiced, but most of them believe that Europe is the fountainhead of civilization, the permanent source of innovative social change.
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  • 3
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 26 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: A number of geographers have recently championed the struggle against Eurocentric theoretical categorizations in geographical research on African cities. At the same time, many whose work has concentrated on African urban geography have felt left out in the more abstract theoretical debates of their colleagues based in the West. I argue for the possibility of confronting Western bias and contributing to broader theoretical debates by creating theoretical constructs derived from the African experience. I develop my argument through an analysis of urban development in Ng'ambo, the African “Other Side” of Zanzibar city, and work toward the creation of meso-level conceptual guides for understanding Ng'ambo's development derived from the ideas of Ng'ambo residents themselves.
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  • 4
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    Antipode 26 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: First, this paper establishes a ground from which to question not only the relationship between power and knowledge in the construction of geographical knowledge, but also the gendering of this relationship. From this starting position, second, it is argued that dualisms permit the gendering of particular binary opposites. The argument is not that certain dualistic categories - such as Reason and Emotion or Time and Space - are inherently wrong or to deny that western societies are organized through them, at least in part. Instead, dualisms are shown - at particular times and in particular places - to mark and help police supposedly fixed, natural divisions between the powerful and the disempowered (as in the masculine versus the feminine). In assuming away dualistic economies of meaning, the danger is that this helps to maintain the reproduction of the power-ridden values which dualisms help to sustain. Indeed, it is because dualist architectures are not as fixed, stable or natural as they are meant to be (i.e., precisely because they need to be policed) that it is possible to refuse them. Finally, this paper describes one alternative episte-mology which draws on the notion of a third space. The idea of third spaces uses a spatial metaphor to suggest an alternative radical geography which mobilizes place, politics and hybrid identities. One such third space is illustrated by an empirical example.
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  • 5
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    Antipode 26 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Book Reviewed in this article: Rob Shields Places on the Margin: Alternative geographies of modernity. M. Storper and A. J. Scott (Eds.) Pathways to Industrialization and Regional Development. Jean-François Bayart The State in Africa: The Politics of the Belly. Jonathan Crush and Charles Ambler (Eds.) Liquor and Labor In South Africa. Robert Bullard, (Ed.) Confronting Environmental Racism: Voices from the Grassroots. Martin W. Lewis, Green Delusions: An Environmentalist Critique of Radical Environmentalism. Andrew Gilg (Ed.) Restructuring The Countryside: Environmental Policy in Practice
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  • 6
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 26 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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  • 7
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 26 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
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  • 8
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 26 (1994), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
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  • 9
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 26 (1994), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
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  • 10
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 26 (1994), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
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  • 11
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 26 (1994), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
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  • 12
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 26 (1994), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
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  • 13
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    Antipode 26 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Book Reviewed in this article: Robert Beauregard (Ed.) Atop the Urban Hierarchy. G. Cook (Ed.) The Future of Antarctica: Exploitation versus Preservation. K. Suter Antarctica: Private Property or Public Heritage. P. Simpson-Housley Antarctica: Exploration Perception and Metaphor. Dharam Ghai and Jessica M. Vivian (Eds.) Grassroots Environmental Action: People's Participation in Sustainable Development. A. Parker, M. Russo, D. Sommer and P. Yaeger (Eds.) Nationalisms and Sexualities. and Richard WalkerThe New Social Economy, Reworking the Division of Labor. Andrew Sayer and Richard WalkerThe New Social Economy, Reworking the Division of Labor.
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  • 14
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    Antipode 25 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
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    Topics: Geography
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  • 15
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 25 (1993), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
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  • 16
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    Antipode 25 (1993), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
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  • 17
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    Antipode 25 (1993), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
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  • 18
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    Antipode 25 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Book Reviewed in this article:Alexander Wilson The Culture of Nature: North American Landscape from Disney to the Exxon Valdez.S. Fainstein, I. Gordon & M. Harloe (Eds.) Divided Cities: New York and London in the Contemporary World.K. Hoggart and D. Green (Eds.) London: A New Metropolitan Geography.B. Jacobs, Fractured Cities: Capitalism, Community and Empowerment in Britain and America.A. Thornley (Ed.) The Crisis of London.Samir Amin, Giovanni Arrighi, Andre Gunder Frank, Immanuel Wallerstein Transforming the Revolution: Social Movements and the World System.John Friedmann, Empowerment: The Politics of Alternative Development.Human Rights Commission, The Two South Africas; a people's geography.
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  • 19
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    Antipode 25 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper examines the restructuring of the local economy in Spain's largest cities, particularly Barcelona, but also Madrid and Seville, in relation to the main changes that have taken place in the urban environment since local democracy was re-established after the elections of 1979. This involves an analysis of the real capacity and impact of local council intervention in the economy and in the extension of the social dimension of citizenship. Despite their relatively small resources, local administrations have in the last few years attempted to create a more dynamic approach of leading, or at least collaborating in, economic and social reconstruction. The increasing role of localities in the economy has been particularly important since, in addition to counteracting a strong centralist tradition, it has coincided with the emergence of a new urban democratic arena which permits more social participation. However, the restructuring of state political and administrative power remains problematic at the local level due not only to the historical will of central government to apply a homogeneous pattern to heterogeneous urban realities, but also to the control that new regional governments seek to exercise over cities.
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  • 20
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    Antipode 25 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
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    Topics: Geography
    Notes: The paper deals with the working hypothesis and preliminary empirical research on longitudinal analysis of the new urban poor in large Italian cities. It begins by considering existing welfare provisions in Italy and the reasons why they are inadequate to the needs of the new urban poor, who are segments of an increasingly heterogeneous population hit by an accumulation of specific disadvantages, such as the socially isolated elderly with serious health problems, poorly educated young people with a low income family background, long-term unemployed adults who become in some areas professionally unemployable, migrants isolated from both local and fellow-countrymen networks. The paper then presents a preliminary analysis of data indicating the different typologies of new poverty in northern and southern Italian cities and discusses the problems raised for the Italian welfare system by the extension of these phenomena.
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  • 21
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    Antipode 25 (1993), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
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  • 22
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    Antipode 25 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: In summer 1990, the Commission of the European Communities published a “Green Paper” on the urban environment as a first step toward establishing an integrated policy for European cities, focusing on the revaluing of public space whose degradation is considered a symptom of a deep-seated developmental and environmental crisis. This article addresses the questions raised by the Green Paper: the needs to which it responds, and the results to be expected; the extent to which the proposed themes cover a “full range of difficulties facing Europe's conurbations,” given the diversity of urban space in the old continent. Finally, it considers the paper's relevance for Greek cities: this highlights the existence of non-discussed city typologies within the single European space, which means that the concept of the European city should be carefully re-examined and based on the social and cultural plurality and complexity of the European cities, rather than stressing the existence of a single city-type. The Green Paper, when seen not as a text of generalizing assumptions or an instrument for action, may very well act positively to open a debate that will reveal and answer the specificities and the problems of each city.
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  • 23
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    Antipode 25 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper offers a reading of Michael Moore's docu-comedy, Roger & Me, a film ostensibly chronicling the director's effort to interrogate General Motors Chairman Roger Smith following massive plant closures in and around Flint, Michigan in the 1980s. Our analysis focuses on four key themes: (1) the status of “community” as an ideological lever both prior and subsequent to GM's layoffs; (2) the spatial consequences of economic restructuring, expressed most formidably in the division between public and private space; (3) the charge that Moore's film suffers from a lack of objectivity; and (4) the notable absence of any significant representation of labor resistance to the plant closures. The film's themes, we argue, coalesce in an emblematic sequence involving Rhonda Britton, a woman who sells rabbits as both pets and meat. The paper concludes by calling for increased attention on the part of geographers to filmic portrayal, and, more generally, to all forms of representation and the issues which surround them.
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  • 24
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    Antipode 25 (1993), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
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  • 25
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    Antipode 25 (1993), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper deals with changes in the Athenian social structure, mainly in its geographical organization, between 1971 and 1981. These changes are identified by clustering all communities in the Athens region on the basis of socio-professional location quotients and then examining socio-professional ratio changes in the resulting clusters. A process of social segregation is found to be well under way although, during the same period, the Athenian social structure tended to depolarize (middle class increase). Explanatory hypotheses are formulated on the basis of industrial stagnation, tertiarization, public sector employment, housing and urban practices and policies as well as urban congestion and air pollution. Finally, a link is attempted with more recent developments and tendencies.
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  • 26
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    Antipode 25 (1993), S. 0 
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  • 27
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    Antipode 25 (1993), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Books reviewed in this article:Daniel Drache and Meric S. Gertler (eds.) The New Era of Global Competition: State Policy and Market PowerMike Davis, City of Quartz. Excavating the Future in Los AngelesD. Massey, P. Quintas and D. Wield High-Tech Fantasies: Science Parks in Society, Science and SpaceSally Sontheimer (Ed.), Women and the Environment: A Reader, Crisis and Development in the Third World
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  • 28
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    Antipode 25 (1993), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper concerns the role of ideology in the operation of urban land and housing markets. We argue that existing work in this area tends to be overly abstract and to reify ideology. To correct this, we advocate examining understandings of particular land and housing markets. We focus on Portland, Maine, and analyze discourses on the uneven costs of social development, inner-city redevelopment, a recent decline in the regional economy and Portland's place in that economy. Traditional pro-market interpretations dominate, but we also identify more politicized understandings - many of which are also pro-market. They are applied very selectively, for example to explain a crisis but not a boom. We conclude that politicized conceptions of market operations are not necessarily radical and may in fact be crucial to the survival of capitalism.
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  • 29
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    Antipode 25 (1993), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
    Notes: The role of the state in landscape production has been little theorized in geography. In this paper, I examine the role played by state institutions in determining landscape morphology by focusing on the activities of the California Commission of Immigration and Housing as it attempted to mitigate the conditions that led to the violent Wheatland “riot” of 1913. This rebellion by radicalized migratory workers was central to the creation of the abundant agricultural landscape of California in the years before the United States entered World War I. By telling the story of Wheatland and the state responses it induced, I hope to move discussions of landscape geography beyond both traditional concerns with landscape as a reflection of “culture” and contemporary concerns with metaphors of landscape as text.
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  • 30
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  • 31
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    Antipode 25 (1993), S. 0 
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  • 32
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    Antipode 24 (1992), S. 0 
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  • 33
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    Antipode 25 (1993), S. 0 
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  • 34
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    Antipode 24 (1992), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper proceeds in three steps. First, it gives more focus and rigor to the geographic reception of “postmodernism,” through an investigation of the problem of representation as it has evolved from Kant through de Saussure and Wittgenstein to Derrida. Second, it arranges historical materialist encounters with the problem of representation along a spectrum of increasing seriousness leading from Palmer through Jameson to Adorno. Third, the various geographic responses to and avoidances of the key issues involved in postmodernism are read against the backdrop of possible seriousness opened up by the first two sections of the paper. The essay concludes by considering implications, for both social science and politics, not limited to questions about the possibility of disciplinary legitimacy.
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  • 35
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    Antipode 23 (1991), S. 0 
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  • 36
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    Antipode 23 (1991), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper provides an historically grounded theory of U.S. urban policy which is informed by regulationist theory and recent contributions to the theory of the State. It is shown how the content and form of urban policy in the New Deal, was shaped by the rise of mass-production Fordism and informed by the particular struggles that emerged in the United States during the formative period of the 1930s and 1940s. These struggles produced a particular State policy response, setting in place a limited and constrained mode of State intervention in the economy. In the realm of urban policy, this narrow form of State intervention set limits on further rounds of State policy, leaving the U.S. State unable to respond in an effective way to the mounting economic crises of the 1970s and the 1980s, contributing to the so-called “failure” of urban policy.
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    Antipode 23 (1991), S. 0 
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    Antipode 23 (1991), S. 0 
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    Antipode 23 (1991), S. 0 
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    Antipode 24 (1992), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
    Notes: 〈blockFixed type="quotation"〉A so-called “going beyond” Marxism will be at worst only a return to pre-Marxism; at best, only the rediscovery of a thought already contained in the philosophy which one believes he has gone beyond. As for “revisionism,” this is either a truism or an absurdity. There is no need to readapt a living philosophy to the course of the world; it adapts itself by means of thousands of new efforts, thousands of particular pursuits, for the philosophy is one with the movement of society.—J.-P. Sartre, Search for a Method (1968: 7)
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  • 45
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    Antipode 23 (1991), S. 0 
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    Antipode 23 (1991), S. 0 
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    Antipode 23 (1991), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper analyzes the responses to two separate closures of a large glass manufacturing plant in Clarksburg, West Virginia, to examine how geography has been integral to the conduct of local political practice in this community. When the plant, by far the local area's largest manufacturing employer, first closed in 1979 the state and local government put together a considerable package of incentives to attract a purchaser for the facility. However, although glass production continued, the plant was again closed in 1987 after a corporate takeover. In response to this second closure the characteristically pro-business Governor of West Virginia initiated an almost $650 million lawsuit against the plant's new owners. The plant's union leaders on the other hand collaborated with city government officials and local business interests to constrain community opposition to the closure. The paper argues that this paradoxical situation, of actors taking up positions contrary to those which an ageographical class analysis would have predicted, was the result precisely of their locality dependence in the face of mobile capital.
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    Topics: Geography
    Notes: There have been several calls in recent years for a revival of regional geography, focusing on the individuality of places and their roles as contexts within which social structuration occurs. As yet, little has been written about the ways in which such work can be undertaken, providing a framework for the study of places that both emphasises their individuality and sets them in the context of social theory. Using the example of a particular event, the 1984–85 National Union of Mineworkers' strike in Great Britain, and the individuality of one place during that event, this essay provides an initial framework for defining the nature of a place.
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    Antipode 22 (1990), S. 0 
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    Notes: Analyses seriously considering the importance of gender in the process of restructuring have been scarce, yet altered gender relations have been integral to these changes at all geographical scales. Vital interconnections exist between a restructuring capitalism and a reconstituting patriarchy. Initially, I clarify the concepts and the feminist politics which inform the analysis, and then I situate the Australian textile industry in a global context of new divisions of labour and capital. Connecting these global changes to a particular national economy provides the necessary background to understanding the transformations which have occurred in one textile plant in Geelong, Victoria over the last twenty years. At all scales, patriarchy and capitalism have interconnected in such a way as to ensure that renewed profitability and reasserted male authority are linked during restructuring. Restoration of capital accumulation in the Australian textile industry has thus been built on a redefined but also reaffirmed patriarchal economy.
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    Antipode 22 (1990), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article: Little, J., Peake, L. and Richardson, P. (Eds.) Women in Cities: Gender and the Urban Environment. Agnew, J., and Duncan, J. (Eds.), The Power of Place: bringing together geographical and sociological imaginations. Wood, S. (Ed.) The transformation of work? Skill, flexibility and the labour process. Hall, P. and Preston, P. The Carrier Wave: New Information Technology and the Geography of Innovation 1846–2003.
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    Antipode 22 (1990), S. 0 
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    Annals of public and cooperative economics 1 (1925), S. 0 
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    Annals of public and cooperative economics 1 (1925), S. 0 
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    Corporate governance 2 (1994), S. 0 
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    Corporate governance 2 (1994), S. 0 
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    Notes: Book Reviwes in The Article:Hilmer, Frederick G.; Strictly Boardroom – the report of an Independent Working Party into Cornorate Governance; Information Australia, Melbourne and The Sydney Institute, Sydney, AustraliaHumphrey, Christopher, Peter Moizer and Stuart Turley; The Audit Expectations Gap in the United Kingdom; The Auditing Research Foundation of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales; LondonBosch, Henry; Bosch on Business, Information Australia, Melbourne, Australia, 1992.
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    Corporate governance 1 (1993), S. 0 
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    Notes: This exploratory study addresses an important knowledge gap identified by Pettigrew, 1992, concerning board dynamics by reporting basic descriptive information on board of director meetings and information flows to board members. The study specifically examines the information amount, format, and source relative to the number of board meetings, the number of board members, and the time directors spend in preparation for board meetings.
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    Notes: This article examines a case of fraud – the Maxwell case – to assess the implications for corporate governance in Britain. The analysis of the case shows how Robert Maxwell was able to avoid the established network of regulations and controls. The authors then make a number of recommendations which suggest how this kind of fraud may be prevented in the future.
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    Notes: Book Reviwes in The Article:Demb, Ada & Franz-Friedrich Neubauer, (1992) The Corporate Board: Confronting the Paradox', Oxford University Press, New York.Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland, (1992) Corporate Governance: Directors' Responsibilities for Financial Statements.Davies, Adrian, (1991) Strategic Leadership: Making corporate plans work, Woodhead- Faulkener.Levhe, Dennis (with William Hoffer), (1992) Inside Out, Arrow Books, London.Tang, Yung Wei, Lynne Chow and Barry J. Cooper, (1992) Accounting and Finance in China – a review of current practice, Longman (Far East), Hong Kong.Badaracco, Joseph L., Jr., (1991), The Knowledge Link – how firms compete through strategic alliances, Harvard Business School Press, Cambridge, Mass.Bower, Tom, (1992) Maxwell – the outsider, Mandarin, London (revised).Bruck, Connie, (1988) The Predators' Ball, Simon and Schuster, New York.Greenslade, Roy, (1992) Maxwell's Fall, Simon and Schuster, London.Institute of Directors, (1991) Guidelines for Directors, fifth edition, The Director Publications Ltd., Mountbarrow House, Elizabeth Street, London SW1 9RB, England (FAX 71235 5627).
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper offers a contribution to entrepreneurship theory and aims to promote a new perspective of the phenomenon. It suggests that entrepreneurship may be conceived in two different modes: an evolutionary mode and a revolutionary mode. This distinction leads to a consideration of the differences between the two modes, and the nature of their interaction over time. It will be argued that this interaction leads to an alternation in the relative dominance of these two modes, and that this changes both the context and the significance of different types of entrepreneurial activities over time.
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    Notes: Book review in this ArticleDavid Casey (1993) Managing Learning in OrganizationsMichael Geddes, Colin Hastings & Wendy Briner, Project LeadershipMark Pendergrast, (1993) For God, Country and Coca-Cola
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    Notes: Successful product innovation requires more than the management of technology; it also must address users’ problems and needs, how the product will be used, and for what purpose. Regarded in this way, a product innovative process is essentially a creative learning process. Based on in-depth analysis of nine cases, we identify and discuss two learning themes: anchoring and intragroup coherence. The former concerns the what of a comprehensive product package, and the latter concerns the how of building a product team. Several principles supporting successful innovation have been identified.
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    Creativity and innovation management 3 (1994), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper provides a research report on leadership styles studied in a range of countries, industry types and organization levels. Unequivocal evidence has been found for a three factor model of style, incorporating the well-known, task-oriented/people-oriented factors, and a change-oriented factor. The new factor is presumed to be a consequence of more turbulent environments. Further analysis of the leader reports (supplied by 3,857 respondent ‘followers’) found ten clusters of ‘blends’ of style, of which three - labelled super-leaders, gardeners and MBO leaders - were consistently rated more effective and most liked by subordinates. A significant theoretical implication is that the results showed no evidence of contingency effects, i.e. variations in effectiveness, across broad contexts such as branch, function or hierarchic level, although the clusters differed with regard to representation in the different contexts.
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    Notes: Journalistic perceptions may be regarded as forums for knowledge creation, and therefore offer a potentially valuable but largely ignored source of research on the management of innovation. Journalistic accounts from Fortune Magazine's annual surveys were thematically analyzed over a ten year period, using ratings of innovativeness on the organizations reported. Three themes were identified as innovation directed executive actions which differentiated the more innovative firms. These CEO actions or strategies were characterized as a dilating of organizational focus, generating elasticity in organizational processes, and concentrating (‘swarming’) resources until innovations were stabilised. These themes cut across sectoral differences in the firms studied.
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    Notes: Continuous improvement programmes constitute an area in which creativity seems to play a vital role. This paper shows how continuous improvement may be studied more effectively in a framework which reveals relationships between the four facets of creativity: products, processes, people, and the press or environment. It is suggested that such a systematic analysis can enhance continuous improvement efforts by indicating how momentum is maintained as the company develops self-reflective (‘learning’) skills.
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    Notes: The prime purpose of this article is to identify the differences we expect to find among highly gifted scientists and thus to guide us in supporting and managing their efforts. Differences that are important to this purpose can be grouped into those which describe:〈list style="custom"〉the way in which a person worksthe way in which he or she interacts with the environmentthe ways in which a manager can both improve the creative person's effectiveness and manage his or her performance.
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    Creativity and innovation management 1 (1992), S. 0 
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    Singapore journal of tropical geography 15 (1994), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper examines the interface between port cities, urban regions and their transportation systems with respect to Singapore. The development of the regional Singaporean transactional space incorporates the province of Johor in Malaysia and the Riau islands in Indonesia, with the resulting spatial pattern and linkages forming an Extended Metropolitan Region (EMR). An EMR spatial model is presented in which transportation is a key factor. This model explains four processes of territorial development — densification, dissemination, extension and contraction. Densification is a process of spatial accumulation of economic activities within an area and aims at higher levels of productivity. Dissemination is a spatial relocation of unproductive economic activity towards productive areas. Extension is a space/time collapse enabling economic activities to extend over a large territory while maintaining low distribution costs. Contraction is a rationalisation of distribution systems facing growing transportation costs and competition from other systems. Based on the framework provided by the spatial model and available evidence, an assessment of transportation and territorial development in the Singapore EMR is undertaken. The analysis underlines the role of Singapore as a regional transhipment centre and its maritimefland interface function.
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    Singapore journal of tropical geography 15 (1994), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper attempts to reconcile two major conflicting viewpoints regarding the effects of export expansion on economic growth. The first, export optimism, looks to supply factors such as international competitiveness with the view that a favourable export performance results in significant economic growth for a country. The second, export pessimism, argues that exports only contribute significantly to a country's economic growth when the external demand is favourable. Using the Expansion Methodology, the paper shows that the effects of demand and supply factors on the relationship between export growth and economic growth are about the same. The results suggest that while unfavourable demand weakens the aforementioned relationship, tropical countries can offset this by being competitive in their exports. They also caution against excessive weight being given to export-promotion by export optimists as the exports-growth relationship weakens considerably when the external demand falls.
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    Notes: This paper examines the usefulness of a systematic typology of agricultural activities. Characteristics of both traditional and modem systems are analysed and the physical and human environmental relationships of the changing agricultural dynamics examined. Altitudinal zonation of the study site offers a diverse agro-ecological physical environment appropriate for the cultivation of subtropical plants, especially fruit. Field work, interview results, air photo analysis and land use mapping combine with a systematic descriptive matrix analysis, to show that in response to the environment and changing market conditions, mixed systems have evolved, often including commercial poultry and egg production. Increasing systematic heterogeneity such as the association of commercial fruticulture with intensive animal husbandry and the association of commercial fruticulture with subsistence and semi-commercial agriculture using animal force, poses problems to the method. The potential for use at other study sites and the limitations of the technique are discussed.
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    Labour 7 (1993), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract. Empirical research on gender pay gaps has traditionally focused on the role of gender-specific factors, particularly gender differences in qualifications and differences in the treatment of otherwise equally qualified male and female workers (i.e. labor market discrimination). An innovative feature of recent research is to focus on the role of wage structure — the array of prices set for various labor market skills — in influencing the gender gap. In this paper, I consider the determinants of gender differences in pay and summarize empirical evidence on the importance of various factors in explaining gender pay gaps, highlighting the role of wage structure. To illustrate how it can impact the gender gap, I summarize my research on international differences in male-female wage differentials, as well as preliminary findings on trends over time in gender differentials in the United States.
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    Notes: Abstract. This paper analyses the structure of the Brazilian Labour Code (CLT), the changes introduced since its approval in 1943, emphasizing the new Federal Constitution of 1988, the costs of labour and of dismissals for employers, the structure of union organizations, the regulation of collective bargaining and capital labour conflicts, and the process of wages determination. We also analyze the evolution of strike activity, and the evolution of wage differentials and functional distribution of income between profits and wages in industry in the last 15 years.
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    Notes: Abstract. What is needed to diminish segregation between men and women in the labour market is a program of affirmative action for the Netherlands as a whole. Specific measures aimed at the removal of barriers between occupations cannot be successful unless they are imbedded in such an overall program. A necessary part of such a plan are facilities that enable women and men to combine unpaid parental tasks and paid labour. In contrast with public day care centres, company day care centres do not fit into such a plan, because they even enlarge existing segregation.Company day care centres and other measures to facilitate parental care and paid labour are more often found in industries with a larger share of female workers. This relationship is found for both the Netherlands and the United States.It is concluded that it is in the interest of employers as well as women's emancipation to increase the number of public day care centres instead of the number of company day care centres.
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    Labour 6 (1992), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract. The article evaluates the EC Equality Directives in matters of social security adopted by the Council in 1978 and 1986. We ask whether these EC Directives are appropriate instruments to reduce manifest disadvantages women face in the national social security systems. In the first part, some features are singled out in the European pension systems which are particularly disadvantageous to women. In the second, the EC Directives are analysed with respect to their material scope and the underlying normative concepts. Thirdly, some problems with respect to the legislative implementation of the Social Security Directives in the UK, the Netherlands and Germany are discussed. It is argued that the Directives, in prescribing equal treatment, do not lead to substantial improvement for women.
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    Notes: Abstract. From the point of view of an individual household there are two major types of private cost of children, viz. direct household expenditure for the offspring plus (usually) mothers' foregone earnings. Both aspects have been studied theoretically and empirically, but thus far only separately. The joint empirical analysis of these main costs of children are the subject of this paper. Employing the Austrian Consumer Survey of 1984/85 and 1983's Microcensus, household expenditure on one, two and three children and mothers' foregone earnings are estimated for a comparable sample of households.In order to estimate household expenditure on children a modified Prais-Houthakker model has been employed. Labour force participation functions as well as human-capital wage equations were estimated using a multinomial logit model and allowing for both the impact of career interruptions and part-time work. Through simulation on the basis of these estimates we arrive at comparable life-time earnings of women with no, one, two or three children. We then add the relevant differences to the expenditure on children to obtain the “total” private cost of children.Being aware of the limitations of our analysis–not all monetary private outlays and no public expenditure are included, no consideration of children's benefits to parents, etc. - we can nevertheless draw some tentative conclusions: there are decreasing marginal costs for the second child and rather constant costs for the third child, except for the case of “low attachment“ to the labour force, where marginal cost also declines for the third child. Assuming utility maximizing households, one could arrive at a policy prescription for raising birth rates: find a means to reduce foregone earnings which appear to be a major deterrent to having more than one child.
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    Labour 5 (1991), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper analyses government policy towards the two major forms of atypical work in Europe: part-time employment and temporary work. It is submitted that the policies implemented promote the volume of marginal part-time employment and temporary work. The policies aiming at more temporary jobs did not result in additional employment; they merely resulted in a redistribution of unemployment and a shift in the recruitment patterns in the direction of subsidised temporary jobs. Too much emphasis on numerical flexibility is not without danger. Countries run the risk that employers will not pay sufficient attention to the source of their long-term flexibility, manpower training. I t is argued that regular part-time work is an alternative for uncertain temporary jobs, Its potential expansion is considerable. Some recommendations are put forward to promote regular part-time jobs and improve the position of flexible part-time workers and temporary workers.
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    Notes: Abstract. The features and the length of the attachment of workers to firms represent a central aspect of the labour relationship. The length of service is an important determinant of wages and of non-pecuniary benefits; it affects internal mobility in the firm, and insulates workers with long job tenure from unemployment. In this paper it is argued that the traditional “spot” labour market Characterization is difficult to reconcile with the existence of long term employment relationships. A number of alternative theories which predict the existence of an employer-worker attachment proposed, and their implications discussed. The relevance of long term employment relationships is then tested using micro-data for the Italian manufacturing industry. An appropriate methodology for the analysis of the duration of employment is developed. and separate “job tenure” equations for white and blue collar workers are estimated. A higher educational attainment - ceteris paribus- appears to increase the probability of a job separation; conversely, a higher working experience, previous to the current job, tends to reduce it. The effect of firm size is negative, as larger organizations seem to favour longer employment spells. Outside opportunities show a strong positive effect on the probability of separation. Finally, conditional on the current wage, the probability of leaving the job increases with the length of time worked. However, when the unconditional outcome is considered, separation decline with tenure; in this case. it is argued, the wage effect more than outweighs the conditional effect. This result is consistent with the predictions of both “specific” human capital and job matching theories.
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    Labour 5 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9914
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract. Moving off from the lessons of the Italian incomes policy experience of the 1980s, this paper presents a new framework to interpret the performance of incomes policy (LP) agreements and institutions, and propose new strategies for the 1990s. IP is viewed as a cooperative outcome that evolves from a non-cooperative long-term game between several players (workers, unions, firms, government, parliament, etc.), along the lines of the model drawn up by Brunetta and Carraro (1988).The paper is divided into three sections. The first summarizes the history of IP in Italy, starting from the phase of the predetermination of disinflation (1983-84). We firstly outline some of the fundamental features of recent Italian development (the “Italian model”), noting how new IP measures could be taken to create an adequate response to the new European and international deadlines. The difficulties and uncertainties that presently exist at both national and international level make the introduction of IP in new, cooperative and evolutive terms, necessary.The second section examines the various topics and new objectives of a “strategic” IP resumption, particularly relevant to the concerted action on the cost of labour, presently being discussed. The topics we consider are: the link between wage reform and IP; the recent concerted agreements reached on fiscal drag (26.1.89) and on the cost of labour (25.1 and 6.7.90); the importance of the role of productivity gain-sharing; programmed inflation and price control; indexation of gross wages and safeguarding the net wage; increase of the tax base; profit-sharing.The third and final section presents a few observations which further investigate the distribution of productivity gains between sectors and uses: how it is articulated amongst the various bargaining levels (central, sectoral or enterprise). Redistribution amongst sectors is dealt with in terms of “protected” and “unprotected” areas of the economy, showing the need of a concerted regulation at the central level. Sharing between factors and allocations presents a very different case, and is dealt with at sectoral and firm level.
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  • 91
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Labour 5 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9914
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract. The paper discusses the relationship between labor economics' segmentation theory and the polarization theories of regional economics. It is argued that labor market segmentation and regional disparities are fundamentally related and that one is both cause and consequence of the other. The argument is developed around the locational requirements of various functions of entreprises on the one hand and worker's schooling and migration decisions on the other. As can be shown, interregional labor mobility that is usually considered to be an important factor in equilibrating regional disparities enforces the interregional differentiation in a model allowing for a segmented labor market. The paper closes with reference of a few fundamental hypotheses that can be derived from the model and cites empirical evidence supporting this view.
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  • 92
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Labour 5 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9914
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper analyzes the evolution of the Cassa integrazione guadagni (CIG), according to 7 different theoretical models, which offer a classification for the different cases of application that have developed since its introduction, as well as for the many policy targets pursued by the Public Authorities.Then an assessment of the economic role of CIG is attempted, divided into three separate sections. The first is aimed at evaluating the economic long-term effect on macro performance, where the crucial balance is between a “crowding-out effect” on private investment and a “profit-maintenance effect” by lowering the effective wage rate. The second section approaches the employment consequences of the CIG by examining a second crucial balance: that between the protection granted to the employed and the obstacles raised for the employment of the non-employed (above all, freezing workers' turnover). This issue is tackled too in terms of the insider-outsider theory, showing the possible relevance of CIG in segmenting the labour market and keeping the wage rate dynamics.Finally the paper briefly examines the profound revision of the CIG recently approved by the Italian Parliament, aimed at avoiding excessive costs while enhancing labour mobility.
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  • 93
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Labour 5 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9914
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper tests the hypothesis that the high variability of the real input prices (especially real wage) coefficients in the empirical employment equations reflects structural characteristics of the economy considered, namely the balance of power between trade unions and fums. A dynamic equation with output, real wage and real prices of raw materials as explanatory variables is estimated using Italian manufacturing industry data 1970-1984. The model appears to be well specified and consistent with the literature. However, extensive parameter stability analysis yields results compatible with the view of the employment equation as structurally unstable. The fact that the equation appeared to be well specified and representative arouses the suspicion that other equations for different periods and economies could be equally unstable.
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  • 94
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Labour 4 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9914
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract. In this paper we analyse the direct relationship between the cost of labour and employment in diverse service industries. In contrast to most existing studies, we assume that the tertiary sector is highly differentiated h terms of reactions to both supply and demand factors.The study suggests that we must reasses the relevance of demand factors, but it also confirms that the real cost of labour is a crucial determinant of certain kinds of service employment. Country comparisons have made US sensitive to the fact that the relationship between employment and the cost of labour is far from being globally similar. Each country exhibits behaviour in line with the peculiarities of its labour market.
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  • 95
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Labour 4 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9914
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this article the authors analyse the evidence found in several countries that large firms pay more than firms categorised as small. Firstly, this study discusses the factors which, according to previous theoretical research, explain the firm size-wage differential. Secondly, the different theoretical arguments are tested empirically. As a data base the authors use the individual and longitudinal data of the first four waves of the German Socio-Economic Panel. In the empirical investigation the instruments of variance, correlation and regression analysis, including the estimations of fixed-effects and random-effects odels are applied.The empirical analysis clearly demonstrates that positive effects of firm size on wages persist after controlling for〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉— labour quality— differences in working conditions— employment tenure and rates of fluctuation— monetary fringe benefits of firms— heterogeneity of employese— monopoly power and ability to pay of firms.The article concludes with some proposals for future research.
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Labour 4 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9914
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Is the monopoly face of unions, i.e. their ability to enforce wages above what non-unionised firms would pay, harmful to employment and output? It is shown that a positive answer to this question is far less compelling than commonly held views based on a negatively sloped labour demand curve suggest. First, the labour demand curve may be irrelevant for the employment decision of unionised firms. Second, even if the labour demand curve is relevant, selfish union workers are likely to accept a system of wage discrimination which does away with discrepancies between the marginal product and the reservation wage. And third, the labour demand curve may have a positive slope.
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  • 97
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Labour 4 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9914
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The structure of the European labour market is highly differentiated by geo-graphical area. If the 1992 integration is likely to induce short-medium term adjustment effects on employment, these will mostly affect regional labour markets. Negative adjustments will follow different distribution patterns, probably exacerbating current regional disequilibria. On the other hand, still little known are the geographical features of the European economic, social and production structures. Although many studies have recently concentrated on the analysis of local labour markets, few of them have addressed the issue of Community regions.Through multivariate and cluster analyses of structural data on regional labour markets, the paper offers a confirmation of the explanatory power of local market analysis, as applied to the European area. The structural features of each elementary area are captured by three factors only that allow the construction of a coherent classification of EEC regions in four major clusters. This classification is used to identify the “weak areas” that, after a reconsideration in unified terms of European cooperation policies, should be the object of new development interventions.
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  • 98
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Labour 4 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9914
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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  • 99
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Labour 4 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9914
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this paper is to outline the main transformations in the firm's organization, with special reference to the consequences of the flexibility issue on work in a post-Taylor-Fordistic age. In examining the new features of jobs on the labour market, the paper underlines the ongoing changes in skills and careers, both on the demand and supply side. Moreover, the author sketches some important innovations in the remuneration systems at firm level, which compel unions to give uneasy, strategic answers in terms of industrial relations.
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  • 100
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Mathematical finance 4 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9965
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Given a sequence of discrete-time option valuation models in which the sequence of processes defining the state variables converges weakly to a diffusion, we prove that the sequence of American option values obtained from these discrete-time models also converges to the corresponding value obtained from the continuous-time model for the standard models in the finance/economics literature. the convergence proof carries over to the case when the limiting risky asset price process follows a diffusion, except it pays discrete dividends on some fixed dates.
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