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  • Articles  (11,571)
  • Springer  (11,571)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 1950-1954  (11,571)
  • Biology  (11,571)
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  • Articles  (11,571)
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  • 1
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    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 5 (1954), S. 53-56 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im Jahre 1953 wurde das Auftreten vonElminius modestus Darwin in der Elbmündung beobachtet. Der Siedlungsbereich vonElminius erstreckt sich von 0,5 unter bis 2,5 m über Tnw. Dabei tritt diese Seepocke im Bereich bis 1 m über Tnw mitBalanus balanoides und von 0,5 m über Tnw abwärts mitBalanus improvisus in Konkurrenz.Elminius ist vermutlich durch Schiffsbewuchs Mitte 1953 nach Cuxhaven gekommen. Zu besonderem Dank für ihre brieflichen Mitteilungen bin ich den Herren Dr.Crisp-Bangor, Dr.Knight-Jones-Bangor, Dr.Den Hartog-Den Helder, Dr.Engländer-Köln, Dr.Krause-Norderney und Dr.Schäfer-Wilhelmshaven verpflichtet. Herr Dr.Duncan-Waugh-Burnham on-Crouch über-ließ mir freundlicherweise Vergleichsmaterial vom River Roach-Essex.
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  • 2
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    Helgoland marine research 5 (1954), S. 41-52 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Der Entwicklungszyklus vonGiffordia fuscata umfaßt zwei heteromorphe Generationen, die durch die Heteroblastie ihrer Schwärmer in einem lockeren Zusammenhang stehen: a) Die langfädigeGiffordia fuscata, die sich durch die Schwärmer ihrer plurilokulären Sporangien selbständig vegetativ vermehren kann. Die Schwärmer ihrer unilokulären Sporangien zeigen Heteroblastie; die Mehrzahl ergibt Zwergpflanzen, ein kleiner Teil entwickelt sich unmittelbar zu der büscheligen Form. b) Die Zwerggeneration, die reichlich plurilokuläre und ganz selten unilokuläre Sporangien trägt. Die Schwärmer der plurilokulären Sporangien sind heteroblastisch, die meisten ergeben wieder Zwergpflanzen, so daß sich die Zwerggeneration selbständig vegetativ erhalten kann. Ein kleiner Bruchteil der Schwärmer entwickelt sich zu der büscheligenGiffordia-Pflanze. 2. Irgendwelche Anzeichen für eine Sexualität der Zwerggeneration sind nicht vorhanden;Giffordia-Pflanzen können aus den Schwärmern eines einzelnen Zwergpflänzchens und sogar eines einzelnen Sporangiums entstehen. 3. Das Vorkommen unilokulärer Sporangien an den Zwergpflanzen, die fehlende Sexualität der Zwerggeneration und die Heteroblastie in beiden Generationen berechtigen zu der Annahme, die beiden heteromorphen Generationen als Diplonten anzusehen. 4. Es wird auf ähnliche Beziehungen in der Entwicklung vonEudesme zosterae zuAscocyclus hingewiesen sowie auf die Möglichkeit, daß viele mikroskopische Braunalgen selbständig gewordene Partner eines früheren oder noch bestehenden Lebenszyklus sein könnten.
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  • 3
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    Helgoland marine research 5 (1954), S. 103-117 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
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  • 4
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    Helgoland marine research 5 (1954), S. 93-102 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Am 7. 1. 1954 wurden am Südstrand des Ellenbogens bei List a. Sylt in einem hochgelegenen Strandgürtel zahlreiche lebendeArenicola angetroffen, die hier durch das Morgenhochwasser angespült waren. Der Fund ist allem Anschein nach damit zu erklären, daß dieArenicola-Besiedlung der hochgelegenen Wattflächen, die meist aus kleineren und mittelgroßen Tieren besteht, auf der Wanderung nach tieferen Wohnplätzen begriffen war. Die unmittelbare Ursache waren der plötzliche Temperaturabfall und der durch Ostwindwetterlage abgesunkene Wasserstand des Januaranfangs. Es wird vermutet, daß die beschriebene Erscheinung Ausdruck eines regelmäßigen Verhaltens ist, das sich normalerweise über einen längeren Zeitraum bei Eintritt der kalten Jahreszeit erstreckt, das sich aber 1953/54 wegen des ungewöhnlich milden Wetters verzögert hat und erst Anfang Januar durch die schnell sinkenden Temperaturen ausgelöst wurde.
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  • 5
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 25-27 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Riassunto Applicando il metodo comparativo gli autori hanno studiato l'influenza del nucleo sul tenore in dipeptidasi (substratod–l alanilglicina) degli eritrociti di Vertebrati eterotermi ed omeotermi dai Pesci all'uomo. La mancanza di materiale non ha permesso di comprendere per il momento, nelle osservazioni gli eritrociti dei Ciclostomi. Con il micrometodo diLinderström-Lang eHolter si è potuto localizzare l'enzima prevalentemente nel citoplasma degli eritrociti, inoltre si è potuto accertare: I. La quantità di dipeptidasi di un eritrocita è proporizionale al volume dell'eritrocita stesso. II. La quantità di dipeptidasi per unità di volume protoplasmatico è una costante negli eterotermi. III. Negli omeotermi la quantità di enzima, per unità di volume protoplasmatico, è minore che negli eterotermi. Il tenore enzimatico degli eritrociti dei Mammiferi è inferiore (a parità di volume protoplasmatico) a quello di tutti gli altri Vertebrati studiati. Dall'insieme delle ricerche è risultata l'influenza del nucleo e della termoregolazione (dedotta dalle condizione eteroterme e omeoterme degli organismi studiati) sul tenore in dipeptidasi degli eritrociti nucleati e anucleati dei Vertebrati.
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  • 6
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 30-31 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary (1)—In the rat, total extracts of cortex, cortisone and A.C.T.H. do not retard the fixation of a vital colorant at the level of a cutaneous zone irritated by chloroform. (2)—Phenergan prolongs the delay in the appearance of the blue. (3)—Sodium salicylate selectively inhibits the inflammatory cutaneous action of chloroform, even after adrenalectomy.
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  • 7
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 31-33 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Drei « wilde » Stämme vonEscherichia coli wurden auf vitaminfreien Nährböden gezüchtet. Zusatz von Vitamin B12 in Konzentrationen von 0,03 bis 0,06γ je ml ergab bei verschiedenen Stämmen eine ungleiche Hemmung der Pantothensäure-Synthese. Die eindeutigsten Resultate wurden mit frischen Stämmen erzielt, die nur kurz auf Agar gezüchtet wurden.
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  • 8
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 33-34 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 3318 CT [bis(piperidinométhylcoumaranyl-5) cetone diméthiodide] a compound recently synthesized byA. Funke andK. von Däniken, is shown to be a potent and selective inhibitor, bothin vitro andin vivo, of the blood acetyl-cholinesterase (AcChE) of the dog. It produces acetylcholinomimetic symptoms in the animal and sensitizes different responses to acetylcholine and to stimulation of cholinergic nerves without inhibiting the blood non-specific cholinesterase (XChE). However, the action of 3318 CT appears to be limited, both in nature and in intensity, when compared to that of prostigmine, although the latter substance is a less potent inhibitor of AcChEin vitro than is 3318 CT. This difference is probably related to many factors, one of which may be the fact that prostigmine inhibits not only AcChE but also XChE; and it is not yet ascertained that XChE plays no role at all in the limitation of the effect of the stimulations of cholinergic nerves.
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  • 9
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 34-35 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The volumetric determination of total iron in blood by titration with “Complexone III” is described. The method is simple, rapid, and accurate but not sensitive enough to permit the estimation of iron in blood-serum alone.
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  • 10
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 35-37 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 11
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 417-418 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es werden verschiedene Reaktionen in der Oxindolreihe diskutiert. Man kann sie sich als ähnliche Mechanismen vorstellen, da alle über intramolekular gebildete Zwischenprodukte bzw. Endprodukte laufen.
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  • 12
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 37-40 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary When decalcified nacre is treated with ultrasonic waves, the organic matrix resolves itself into very thin lacelike protidic leaflets, which can be studied with the electron microscope. Controls have been made showing that the lacelike structure is not an artifact due to decalcification, fixation, treatment with ultrasonic waves, dessiccation or electronic bombardment. The ultramicroscopic structure of the lacelike mesh-work differs with the species. At this level, morphological features appear to characterize the three classes of Molluscs studied (Lamellibranchia, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda), and perhaps different genera within the same class. The extraction, by a borate buffer, of a water-soluble constituent of the protidic material does not appreciably modify the appearance of the structures studied. The extraction, by a sodium hydroxyde solution, of a second component, leaves a fibrous residue rich in alanine and glycine.
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  • 13
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 419-420 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Dem phenolischen Oxydationsprodukt, das beim Durchleiten von Sauerstoff durch geschmolzenestrans-Dekahydrochinolin entsteht, wird auf Grund der Analyse und spektrophotometrischen Daten die Konstitution III eines 3-Oxy-5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydrochinolins beigelegt. Seine Entstehung erfolgt wahrscheinlich über das gleichfalls gebildete 5, 6, 7, 8-Tetrahydrochinolin.
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  • 14
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 397-416 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Aus den Arbeiten der letzten zwei Jahre auf dem Gebiet der Nebennierenrinden-Hormone stechen — was die Herstellung neuer, hochwirksamer Verbindungen anbetrifft — die Isolierung und Konstitutionsaufklärung des natürlichen Hormons Aldosteron und die synthetische Gewinnung der 9α-halogenierten Hydrocortisone hervor. Diese Ergebnisse haben den Weg zu weiteren wesentlichen Entwicklungen eines Gebietes geöffnet, das mit Cortison und Hydrocortison abgeschlossen schien. Auf dem Gebiete der Teilsynthese wurde die Herstellung von 11-oxygenierten aus 12-oxygenierten Derivaten und insbesondere aus Verbindungen ohne Sauerstoff im Ring C stark ausgebaut. Bei der letzteren liegen die wichtigsten Befunde wohl in den mikrobiologischen Hydroxylierungen in 11-Stellung und den anschliessenden chemischen Umwandlungen. Erst kürzlich ist es möglich geworden, auch die typischen Seitenketten durch mikrobiologische Methoden zu gewinnen. Die Totalsynthese der Hormone aus einfachsten chemischen Bausteinen wurde entwickelt und macht rasche Forschritte. Die Auffassungen über die Biosynthese haben konkretere Formen angenommen. Die unzähligen Arbeiten über Katabolismus und klinische Verwendung der Nebennierenrinden-Hormone konnten im Rahmen dieser Übersicht nicht einmal gestreift werden.
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  • 15
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 420-423 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei der Salzbildung offener oder zyklischer Schiffscher Basen, eingeschlossen aromatische Heterozyklen, wie Pyridin, Chinolin, Benzoxazin, Indolenin usw., können die im UV.- und UR.-Spektrum auftretenden bathooder hypsochromen Verschiebungen sowie das Auftreten oder Ausbleiben der für das Kation $$ 〉 C = \mathop N\limits^ \oplus H - $$ charackteristischen «Immonium-Banden» bei 4,5–5,5 µ zur Erkennung der Natur und der Position von Aminosubstituenten benutzt werden.
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  • 16
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 481-481 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé Quelques questions concernant une généralisation de l'équation deLangevin sont discutées.
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  • 17
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 488-489 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zusatz von Vitamin B12 in Kulturnährböden hemmt die Thiamin-Biosynthese von frisch isoliertenE.-coli-Stämmen. Diese Hemmung steht im Verhältnis zur zugesetzten Menge von Vitamin B12.
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  • 18
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 486-488 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A previous experiment withEranthis showed thatRoentgen irradiation of “undivided” embryos led to a change in the number of cotyledons. In the present publication, the induction of anomalies of the cotyledon was shown after irradiation of early embryo stages on the mother plant in Arabidopsis thaliana, an example of a plant with “complete” embryos. Which aberration type (synkotyl, anisokotyl, trikotyl, tetrakotyl or multiple seedlings) will arise, seems to be determined neither by theRoentgen dose nor by the stage of development on irradiation. The appearance of predominately regular trikotyl types after application of 2000r, and their gradual disappearance with increasing doses in favour of the irregular trikotyl types, suggests that in the lower doses the main influences are upon the purely chemical reactions in the embryos, which are overlaid by cell damages occurring in a directly biophysical way with increase of the physical primary acts and lead to irregular growth.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 494-494 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In Gewebskulturen von Hühnerfibroblasten sind Toluhydrochinon und Toluchinon unwirksam. Nach Zusatz von 10−3-M-Phosphat werden diese Substanzen antimitotisch wirksam. Der antimitotische Effekt von Toluhydrochinon + Phosphat ist erheblich grösser als derjenige von Toluchinon + Phosphat. Diese Beobachtungen können zur Deutung der antimitotischen Wirkung von Toluhydrochinondiphosphat herangezogen werden.
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  • 20
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 495-496 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der genaue Angriffspunkt der Quecksilberpräparate an der Niere ist nicht geklärt. Widersprechende Befunde über den Effekt dieser Diuretica auf mikroskopische Veränderungen und histochemisch nachweisbare bernsteinsaure Dehydrogenase können in folgender Weise geklärt werden: Mercuhydrin in grossen Dosen führt schon innerhalb weniger Stunden zu einer schweren toxischen Nephrose in der Rattenniere, während Novurit anfangs oft langsamer wirkt. Nichtsdestoweniger ergeben beide Mittel nach 24 h ein ähnliches mikroskopisches Bild. Bernsteinsaure Dehydrogenase ist vermindert und verschwindet schliesslich vollkommen in den absterbenden Zellen. Daher ist schon in den ersten Stunden nach Injektion von Mercuhydrin eine sehr ausgedehnte Inaktivierung in den Zellen der geraden Anteile der Hauptstücke zu sehen. Dieser Effekt wird nur gelegentlich in den ersten Stunden nach Novurit beobachtet. Nach 24 h ist er aber regelmässig vorhanden. Mit beiden Präparaten konnte keine Verminderung der Enzymaktivität inHenlessche Schleifen beobachtet werden. Es wird auf die Notwendigkeit hingewiesen, dünne Schnitte zu studieren, weil die verschiedenen Anteile des Nephrons sonst kaum zu unterscheiden sind. Das Ergebnis dieser Versuche spricht eindeutig für eine Wirkung der Quecksilberdiuretica auf die Hauptstücke und nicht aufHenlessche Schleifen.
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  • 21
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 74-76 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A series of demecolceinamids was examinedin vitro on chicken fibroblasts, leucocytes, and different bacteria. It was found that with increasing length of the side chain on ring C the antimitotic activity is decreasing while the antibacterial effect is increasing.
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  • 22
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 73-74 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Riassunto Gli autori hanno preparato ATP32 dai muscoli di coniglio trattato preventivamente con fosfato di sodio radioattivo. Iniettando per via endovenosa l'ATP32 e tiamina a ratti albini è stato possibile mettere in evidenza, impiegando la tecnica cromatografica su carta, la formazione nel fegato di questi animali di DP32T e TP32T. Questi risultati dimostrano che nell'animale vivente ha luogo una diretta trasposizione di gruppi fosforici dall'ATP alla tiamina.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 77-78 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé Les esters éthyliques et tertiobutyliques ont été synthétisés à partir des esters correspondants de l'acide oxalique et fluoroacétique par une condensation de Claisen Wislicenus. En injection intrapéritonéale effectuée sur des souris et des rats, ces esters se sont montrés pratiquement non toxiques. En revanche, ils exercent (sous forme d'énolates sodiques hydro-solubles) une action inhibitrice prononcée sur la croissance de l'Escherichia coli etAerobacter aerogenes dans des milieux de cultures synthétiques.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 133-134 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Reserpinine, a minor alkaloid ofRauwolfia serpentina Benth. accompanying Reserpine, has been isolated, and its structural formula is proposed.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 134-135 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Für den biosynthetischen Vorgang: Indol + Serin → Tryptophan wird ein detaillierter chemischer Reaktionsverlauf vorgeschlagen. Der Verlauf des Abbaus von Tryptophan zu Indol, Brenztraubensäure und Ammoniak wird in ähnlicher Weise gedeutet.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 140-141 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
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    Notes: Riassunto Ratti trattati con neopiritiamina presentano un contenuto particolarmente basso di aneurina nel tessuto nervoso (cervello) e non rispondono alla somministrazione di glucoso (per os) con aumento di Q.R. e di produzione calorica come, invece, fanno i controlli e i ratti carenzati mediante la dieta (3–4 settimane).
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 153-158 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
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    Notes: Résumé Exposé des données historiques et naturelles attestant des fluctuations de climat dans l'hémisphère nord au cours du dernier millénaire. Dans la zone tempérée, il y eut depuis les environs de l'an 1000 cinq époques climatiques: 1° 1000–1250, climat doux et sec. 2° 1250–1400, pluvieux et orageux. 3° 1400–1600 plus froid, moins orageux. 4° 1600–1850, avance des glaciers. 5° réchauffement progressif. Les causes de ces changements sont discutées à la fin de l'article.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 187-188 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
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    Notes: Résumé Le monoïodoacetate de sodium injecté à des poulets par voie intraveineuse en une dose unique de 40 mg/kg, provoque des lésions très précoces dans toutes les couches cellulaires de la rétine. Une dégénérescence plus ou moins complète survient 6 à 7 jours après l'injection. On peut conclure que le poulet présente une sensibilité au monoïodoacetate plus grande que celle des mammifères precédemment étudiés (lapin, chat, macaque).
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 252-254 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
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    Notes: Summary The serum containing the L.E. factor loses its activity after having been put in contact with isolated cell nuclei. The electrophoretic examination shows a clear diminution of the gamma globulin and a slight diminution of the globulin alpha 2. That the factor responsible for the L.E. phenomenon can be absorbed by isolated cell nuclei is an argument in favor of the hypothesis that this factor is a substance having the character of an antinuclear anti-body, without one being able to exclude with certitude the possibility that this factor is an enzyme.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 251-252 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Summary In order to test the possibility for microsomes to multiply like viruses, microsomes of chick liver were inoculated on chorioallantoïc membranes. The glucose-6-phosphatase activity, an enzyme located in the liver microsomes, was determined in the treated membranes. The activity decreased during the first 24 h after inoculation. It reached, after 48 h, from two to six times the value attained after 24 h. A suspension of heated granules, or of heatedTétrahymèna géléii, though producing the same lesions of the membrane, did not increase the phosphatase activity of the microsome fraction after 48 h. The present results are compatible with the idea that liver microsomes multiply by autoduplication.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 254-256 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die in den Kotyledonen der LeguminoseVigna sesquipedalis als «Reserve-PNA» reichlich gespeicherte Pentosenukleinsäure (PNA) nimmt rasch ab, sobald der Same zu keimen beginnt. In den frühen Stadien der Keimung ist die Abnahme des «Reserve -PNA» scheinbar aufgehoben durch die Zunahme des PNA in den wachsenden Geweben des Keimlings, während später, wenn das Alter der Gewebe sich erhöht, die Gesamtzunahme an PNA in den wachsenden Geweben allmählich die PNA-Abnahme in den Reserveorganen überwiegt. Kotyledonen, die von den Keimlingen abgetrennt und auf feuchtem Filtrierpapier geeignet warm gehalten wurden, zeigen praktisch keine Abnahme im Gehalt an «Reserve-PNA». Wenn Samen zuerst mit einer Phosphatlösung behandelt werden, die P32 enthält und dann zum Keimen gebracht werden, so findet man die Radioaktivität nicht nur im akkumulierten PNA der wachsenden Gewebe, sondern auch in dem im Abbau begriffenen PNA der Kotyledonen. Auf diesen Tatsachen fussend, wird die Möglichkeit einer makromolekularen Wanderung des «Reserve-PNA» von den Kotyledonen in den Keimling kurz diskutiert.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 258-259 
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    Notes: Summary The proteinic material corresponding toDubuisson's electrophoretic gradient has been prepared by a new method. This fraction migrates as a single peak in the U-tube, but is heterogeneous in the ultra-centrifugation.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 256-258 
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    Notes: Summary By means of their special histological method, the storage of plasma proteins in the histiocytes was studied by the authors in rats and mice. If injected subcutaneously, both homologous and heterologous serum proteins were stored to the same extent at the site of the injection by the histiocytes of the connective tissue. After smearing the skin with histamine or after subcutaneous injection of histamine, intensive storage of protein occurs locally in the histiocytes. Because of the effect of histamine increasing permeability, these cells accumulate in their body the plasma proteins abundantly escaping from the blood stream. Even under physiological conditions, plasma proteins are constantly taken up and destroyed by the reticuloendothelial cells and this function has a fundamental biological importance.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 258-258 
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    Notes: Summary The washout of the red blood corpuscles of the dog poisoned by Phosgene, with special saline, clears away all the ether-soluble organic acids accumulated in the corpuscles during the poisoning. The elimination of these acids does not restore the normal affinity of the red blood corpuscles for oxygen and the oxygen dissociation curve of hemoglobin is shifted to the right.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 259-261 
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    Notes: Summary (1) The influence of Aldosterone (“Electrocortin”) was compared with that of 17-oxycorticosterone (compound F). The exchange of Na24 and K42 with the electrolytes of muscle was studied, with or without the addition of glucose and insulin. The diaphragm of the rat inRinger's solution was used. (2) Aldosterone (1 mg%) decreases the permeability of the muscle for Na24 and K42 if glucose and insulin are present, i.e. when glycogen is produced. Without glucose it increases Na24 exchange. (3) 17-oxycorticosterone in ten times greater concentration (10 mg%) has similar, but somewhat less influence on the permeability.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 261-262 
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    Notes: Summary A new piperidine derivative, the 2-diphenylmethylpiperidine, produces already in doses of 0.001 g/kg s.c. a strong increase of the spontaneous motility of various animals. On mice it has about the same potency as d-desoxy-ephedrine and is about 3 times more potent than amphetamin. It also acts markedly antagonistic on various narcotics but has practically no peripheral sympathomimetic effects.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 262-264 
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    Notes: Summary A new synthetic phenyl-ethyl-amine derivative, the 2-[N- (3′, 4′-methylen-dioxyphenylethyl)-methylaminomethyl]-tetrahydrofuran, No. 11 081, exhibits a strong protective effect against cardiac fibrillation and arrhythmias produced by various experimental methods: against fibrillation due to aconitine 3 × 10−8 on the isolated cat's heart, it is active in a concentration of 10−6−2 × 10−6. Against cardiac arrhythmias produced in the cat by adrenaline + CHCl3 or cyclopropane, it shows a protective effect by 5–10 mg/kg i.v. and even perorally by 50 mg/kg. In these tests, the antifibrillatory activity of the new compound seems to be roughly the same as that of α-fagarine, and higher than that of procaine.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 264-266 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Ablagerung von neurosekretorischem Material in der unmittelbaren Umgebung von Blutgefässen im Hypophysenstiel, die mit Gefässen des Vorderlappens in Verbindung stehen, wird beim Hund beschrieben. Aus diesem Befund wird auf die Möglichkeit geeshlossen, dass die von den Zellen der Nuclei supraopticus und paraventricularis produzierte neurosekretorische Substanz nicht nur in die Gefässe des Hypophysenhinterlappens abgeschieden wird und im Körperkreislauf die sogenannten Hinterlappenhormone abgibt, sondern auch in den Pfortaderkreislauf des Vorderlappens gelangt und dort die Absonderung von Hormonen, wie zum Beispiel ACTH, bewirkt.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 266-268 
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    Notes: Summary An extract from pooled postmenopausal urine has been investigated for its gonadotrophic activity. Dose-response curves have been constructed for its total gonadotrophic activity (stimulation of estrogen secretion as reflected by the uterine weight increase in immature mice) and for its ICSH activity (stimulation of androgen secretion as reflected by the ventral prostate weight increase in hypophysectomised immature rats). In hypophysectomised immature rats, the extract produced repair of the interstitial cells of the testes and complete spermatogenesis. It contains, therefore, FSH as well as ICSH activity in comparable amounts, a fact which opens up interesting therapeutic possibilities.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 271-271 
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    Notes: Summary Colchiceine-N-mono-methylamide is 3–4 times as active as colchicine as shown by its effect on the mouse-ascites-tumor (Ehrlich) and on fibroblastsin vitro.
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    Notes: Summary A method for the estimation of muscle nucleotides is described. The separation of nucleotides has been accomplished by paper ionophoresis at high voltages, as well as by paper chromatography. Even little changes in the nucleotide content such as the changes in a single muscular contraction can be well observed by this method. A decrease of 0.25 µ M ATP/g/contraction (i.e. about ⅛ of the normal ATP content) has been observed in a contracted muscle, when compared with the ATP content of the resting muscle.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 269-271 
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    Notes: Summary An apparatus has been described for measuring oxygen consumption in small animals. In this apparatus, the temperature changes are very small, the determinations of oxygen consumption are rapid and frequent, the oxygen tension is normal and the animals are in a good state of quietness.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 272-272 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 282-297 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 273-281 
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    Notes: Summary The most important facts and conceptions regarding the mechanism of blood coagulation, supplemented by our own as yet unpublished findings, are represented in a schematically simplified Table. The process of co-agulation is subdivided into five phases, i.e. the prephase (vasoconstriction, agglutination), the first principal phase (formation of thromboplastin), the second principal phase (formation of thrombin), the third principal phase (formation of fibrin), as well as a post-phase (retraction, fibrinolysis). In this new scheme, recently discovered clotting factors and the various inhibitors could easily be incorporated into the classical picture of Morawitz. The scheme is explained briefly.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 298-298 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Aus Ajmalin-Mutterlaugen vonRauwolfia serpentina Benth. ist ein weiteres Isomeres des Yohimbins isoliert worden. Das Alkaloid besitzt zwei verschiedene Kristallformen, wovon die höher schmelzende in ihren Eigenschaften weitgehend dem Ajmalinin gleicht. Spektren und Derivate werden beschrieben.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 298-300 
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    Notes: Summary The alkaloid muscarin was isolated from fly agaric. The analyses of crystallized salts (chloride, tetra-chloroaurate,Reinecke's salt) led to C9H20O2N+ as the simplest formula. The presence of aldehyde and tri-methyl-ammonium groups, which had been assumed hitherto, could not be proved. The quaternary nature of the nitrogen atom was shown. Pharmacological tests on frog heart, rabbit gut and cats show the purely peripheral parasympathomimetic effect of the smallest doses.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 300-302 
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    Notes: Summary The red-brown haemovanadin which is contained in the haemolysate (Henze Solution) of blood cells of the ascidiaPhallusia mamillata Cuvier is a chromoproteid with trivalent vanadium as the central atom and sulphuric acid bound coordinatively. It is found to have a molecular weight of 24,400±1,900 according to the estimation of the diffusion coefficient (D5°=6.87±0.2 · 10−7 cm2 · s−1 at pH 2.5–2.8).
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 302-304 
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    Notes: Summary In the liver of diabetic animals, other and more labile polysaccharids are formed than in that of normal animals. The iodine absorption, the speed of breakdown and the reaction with saturated ammonium sulfate of the polysaccharids isolated from the liver are different in the diabetic animal from those in the normal one. The stepwise precipitation with ammonium sulfate of the polysaccharide isolated from the liver yielded 3 fractions in the diabetic animal whereas there was only one in the normal animal.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 304-305 
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    Notes: Summary A study was made of the influence of local (liver field) and total irradiation (1,000 rl) on the enzymatic activity of isolated liver mitochondria from adult rats. While the succinodehydrogenase activity remains unaltered, the oxydation of pyruvate — as well as the structural stability of the mitochondria — are found to be reduced, entailing a decrease in the oxydative phosphorylation. These variations remain the same even after total or local irradiation.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 305-307 
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    Notes: Summary It is possible to dissociate the activity of different enzymatic systems of the bacteriumEscherichia coli by the action of high hydrostatic pressures. This activity is studied in the microbes after having been subjected to high hydrostatic pressure. Each enzymatic system is inhibited at different pressures. The enzymes of the bacteria submitted to pressures lower than the inhibiting limit show a residual enzymatic activity; sometimes this activity appears after a phase of lag.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 308-308 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine einfache spektrophotometrische Methode für die Bestimmung der enzymatischen Synthese von Butyloleat beschrieben.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 308-309 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Durchin-vitro-Experimente konnte gezeigt werden, dass im menschlichen Serum ein Enzymsystem vorhanden ist, das Testosteron abzubauen vermag. Als Endprodukte wurden Androstendion sowie weitere bisher noch nicht identifizierte Steroide nachgewiesen.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 311-312 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die fördernde Wirkung der herzwirksamen Glykoside Emizymarin und Szillaren A auf die Polymerisation von Aktin aus Herzmuskel wird in demselben Masse von den strukturell nahe verwandten, jedoch herzunwirksamen Glykosiden Alloemizymarin und Hexahydroszillaren A ausgeübt.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 309-311 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einer früheren Arbeit wurde das Thrombozytolysin beschrieben, eine Substanz, die aus Pferde-Thrombozyten nach Einwirkung des homologen Thrombozytenantikörpers freigesetzt wird. Die in dieser Arbeit berichteten experimentellen Resultate berechtigen zur Schlussfolgerung, dass das Thrombozytolysin mit Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamin) nicht identisch ist.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 312-312 
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    Notes: Summary Dehydrogenase Activity of some components of citric cycle in corneal Epithelium homogenates is determined by means of 2-3-5 Triphenyltetrazoliumchloride.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 315-316 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 312-315 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurden Aktionspotentiale verschiedener Nerven registriert, welche auf jede kortikale Reizung in einem Zuge von repetitiven Stimulationen folgten, ferner wurden monosynaptische Reflexe nach konditionierenden kortikalen Stimulationen geprüft. Die Experimente ergaben, dass unter den verschiedenen kortikospinalen Systemen das direkte kortikomotoneuronale System (das CM-System) die am meisten abgegrenzte kortikale Repräsentation besitzt.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 317-326 
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    Notes: Summary The mutation of homologous genes can produce the same changes in phenotype in different mammals, animals as well as human beings. In this way the same hereditary disease can arise in man and animal. This fact permits the study of human hereditary diseases in model experiments in animals under conditions impossible to be realized in man. How far the parallelism between human beings and animals can be taken and where the limits of this parallelism are, which are the problems of the comparative heredo-pathology in detail, and how these problems may be attacked, is demonstrated here in numerous examples.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 328-329 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine Neufassung der von-Auwerschen Regel ist vorgeschlagen worden. Die neue Regel ist aufcis- undtrans-Isomeren gewöhnlicher zyklischer Systeme sowie auch auf mehrfach substituierte zyklische Verbindungen, polyzyklische Verbindungen und Olefine anwendbar Das Bestehen einer solchen Regel ist begründet, und ihre Begrenzungen und praktischen Auswertungen sind unter Betracht gezogen worden.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 329-330 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die viruzide Wirkung von Extrakten aus Ahornsamen auf Coli-Bakteriophagen ist durch Tannine bedingt. Verschiedene Gerbstoffe zeigen einen zum Teil sehr starken virushemmenden Effekt, wobei nur das extrazelluläre Virus angegriffen wird. Wahrscheinlich handelt es sich um eine Gerbwirkung auf das Protein des Virus. Die pflanzlichen Gerbstoffe tragen vermutlich dazu bei, die Pflanzensäfte virusfrei zu halten.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 326-328 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Gewöhnliche Explosivmittel und Raketentriebstoffe entwickeln nach Zündung Reaktionswärmen, welche den Wertq v=3 kcal je cm3 nicht überschreiten. Dies gilt besonders für Kombinationen, die nur Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff, Stickstoff und Sauerstoff enthalten. Da die Reaktionsprodukte solcher Triebstoffe alle gasförmig sind, geht im wesentlichen die Sublimationswärme der ursprünglich festen Stoffe verloren, und die Werte vonq verscheinen entsprechend niedriger. Im gleichen Sinne wirkt die relativ leichte Dissozierbarkeit von CO, CO2 und H2O bei den resultierenden Explosionstemperaturen. Um grössere Werte vonq vzu erzielen, müssen deshalb Elemente, wie Lithium, Bor, Magnesium, Aluminium und Silizium, in die Explosivstoffe eingebaut werden, die nach Detonation feste und flüssige Oxyde und Verbindungen liefern. Es wird an Hand einiger Beispiele gezeigt, dass auf diese Weise Energiemengen verfügbar werden, die im Bereich von 4 bis 7 kcal je cm3 liegen. Zur praktischen Ausführung können die genannten Leichtelemente entweder physikalisch einem gewöhnlichen Explosivstoff beigemischt werden, oder es können diese Elemente mit Wasserstoff, Stickstoff und eventuell Sauerstoff, Fluor usw. zur Verbindung gebracht und mit einem zusätzlichen Oxydationsmittel reagiert werden. Falls man in explosiven Hohlladungen potentiell selbstreagierende Einlagen aus komprimiertem Thermit oder ähnlichen Kompositionen benutzt, werden nach Detonation glühende Teilchen grosser Geschwindigkeit und grosser Durchdringungsfähigkeit ausgeschleudert. Diese Teilchen können auch als in einem Vakuum wie dem interplanetarischen Raum selbstleuchtende künstliche Meteore zu Experimenten verschiedener Art benutzt werden.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 330-333 
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    Notes: Summary Some recent experimental results on retinal flicker and fusion are presented. The use of flicker electro-retinography provides an objective and quantitative method of testing rod and cone function independently. The results in human normal and diseased eyes are in full agreement with the duplicity theory of vision. The flicker fusion-intensity relation for man, cat, guinea pig, pigeon, frog, and gecko shows different values for (i) the maximum fusion frequencies within the cone and the rod system, (ii) the intensity level required to produce cone and rod flicker response. Records from single retinal ganglion cells in the cat's eye show fusion frequencies to be related to the initial spike frequency during slow flicker.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 333-334 
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    Notes: Summary Carcinus maenas was filmed in normal active movement. When turning actively,carcinus maenas showed optomotoric reactions. The reactions were irregular when carcinus maenas was blinded or when the environment was homogeneous.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 335-336 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Vinactan, eine antibiotische Substanz, isoliert vonStreptomyces vinaceus, besitzt bedeutende antituberkulöse Aktivität in infizierten Mäusen und Meerschweinchen. Erheblicher Schutzeffekt in tuberkulösen Mäusen wurde beobachtet, wenn die Therapie nicht sofort, sondern erst 9 Tage nach der Infektion einsetzte und die Behandlung mit 1 mg täglich während 21 Tagen durchgeführt wurde. In tuberkulösen Meerschweinchen, die mit 5 mg Vinactan täglich subkutan während 60 Tagen behandelt wurden, war die Entwicklung tuberkulöser Infektion in Milz, Lunge und Leber erheblich vermindert.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 338-338 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein biogenetischer Weg zur Lysergsäure, bestehend in der Kondensation von Tryptophan mit Zitronensäure, wird vorgeschlagen.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 336-338 
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    Notes: Résumé Nous avons démontré qualitativement chez leBombyx mori, l'existence d'un ferment qui attaque la xanthoptérine-B, une substance fluorescente du type ptérinique qui se trouve dans les intéguments des larves de race jaune «lemon», et se transforme en une substance non-fluorescente. Le ferment se trouve dans les épidermes, tissus adipeux des larves et dans les œufs et cocons desBombyx de type normal. Chez les mutants de la race jaune, l'activité du ferment est faible ou nulle dans bien des tissus. Cependant on ne peut pas nécessairement dire que la présence de ce ferment conduit à l'absence de la xanthoptérine-B, parce que l'accumulation de xanthoptérine-B est supprimée par l'action d'autres gènes chez les mutants «Striped marking» (p s ) ou «od-translucent» (od). Dans ces derniers l'activité du ferment est en effet très faible.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 338-340 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ägyptische Schafe zeigten Zeichen von Brunst während der längsten Tage des Jahres (Mai bis Juli) in Kairo. Ein kleiner Prozentsatz zeigte keine Anzeichen von Brunst, wahrscheinlich infolge der schwierigen klimatischen Bedingungen. Eine Schwangerschaft trat nach 1-3maligem Decken ein. Andere Rassen, welche Brunsterscheinungen während der längsten Tage in verschiedenen Teilen der Welt zeigen, sind in Tabelle I zusammengefasst.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 341-343 
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    Notes: Summary The injection ofβ-mercaptoethylamine to C 57 black mice before irradiation (700 r) effects a partial protection of liver and spleen. It has a strong accelerating action on regeneration in spleen, intestine and probably thymus. The experiments suggest that this action is related to a protection of glucidic metabolism.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 340-341 
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    Notes: Riassunto È stata studiata la possibilità di ottenere in camera anteriore innesti ovarici, sensibili all'azione di urina di donna gravida. È stato osservato che le gonadotropine F.S.H. favoriscono la crescita dell'ovaio innestato, mentre le gonadotropine L. H. non mostrano alcuna azione. Il preparato innestato in camera anteriore reagisce all'inoculazione di urina di donna gravida, mentre non è influenzato dall'inoculazione di urina di donna non gravida o di urina di uomo.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 343-344 
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    Notes: Summary Using an appropriate technique, we put adults rats of both sexes under deep hypothermy (rectal temperature of 14–15°C). Under these conditions, the respiration and the cardiac rhythm are definitely slowed down. (1) Rats irradiated in a state of deep hypothermy with lethal doses of 800 and 900 r of X-rays, are partially protected. 50% of these animals survived more than 30 days, whereas all control animals died after 17 days. (2) The same degree of protection is obtained if the cooling is made in the presence of oxygen or under an air pressure of 1.25 atmosphere.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 344-345 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurden einige Methoden zur Bestimmung des Wasserstoffperoxyds in biologischem Material untersucht, dessen Anwesenheit in metabolisch aktiven Organen (Leber und Niere) und in transplantablen Tumoren der Ratte und der Maus vonRondoni undCudkowicz kürzlich nachgewiesen worden ist. 1. Oxydation des CeIII zu CeIV-peroxyd, Freimachen des Sauerstoffes durch KMnO4 in Schwefelsäure und Messung des O2-Volumens im Warburg-Apparat. 2. Oxydation einer bekannten Menge SnCl2 und Bestimmung des Überschusses durch Jodtitration. 3. Eine biologische Methode, in der H2O2, das während der Atmung überlebender Gewebe gebildet wird, durch Katalase gespalten und der auf diese Weise entstandene Sauerstoff im Warburg-Apparat gemessen wird. Die ersten zwei Methoden haben sich jedoch als ungeeignet erwiesen, da beide Reaktionen von verschiedenen, im Homogenat befindlichen Substanzen gestört werden. Die bisher angewandte Titanmethode wurde verbessert, so dass man unter konstanten Bedingungen zuverlässige relative Werte erhalten kann. Die bisher festgestellten absoluten Werte sind nicht als endgültig zu betrachten, da mit der weiteren Entwicklung der Arbeitsmethoden Änderungen vorauszusehen sind.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 346-350 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Aminoxide werden als intermediäre Oxydationssubstanzen der Alkaloidbiogenese vorgeschlagen. Verschiedene Beispiele in dem Gebiet der Alkaloide werden erwähnt, um die Hypothese zu erklären.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 351-356 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Unter den gewöhnlichen Reaktionsbedingungen bleiben-O-{ie356-1}-O- und -S-{ie356-2}-O-Gruppen durch LiAlH4 unverändert, während -{ie356-3}-{ie356-4}-O- und möglicherweise auch-{ie356-5}-{ie356-6}-S-Gruppen an der C-O- bzw. C-S-Bindung gespalten werden. Diese Verallgemeinerungen, die sich auf aliphatische und aromatische Verbindungen, Zucker und Steroide, anwenden lassen, werden zur Bestätigung kürzlich aufgestellter Steroid- und Alkaloidformeln herangezogen. Es wird ein Reaktionsmechanismus vorgeschlagen.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 356-356 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 367-367 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Cis- undtrans-Azobenzol lassen sich papierchro-matographisch durch Elution mit wässriger Essigsäure trennen.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 357-363 
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    Notes: Summary Report on recent research on the Quaternary development of flora, vegetation and climate in Northern and Central Europe with schematized diagrams from various papers byFlorschütz, Lona, Szafer and others showing characteristic differences between the older and the newer Interglacials, designed by the present author.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 363-364 
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    Notes: Summary On account of the electrostatical forces between the ions and electrons in the interior of a star, the mean molecular weight µ should be given a higher value than is usually assumed. It is believed that a satisfactory theoretical calculation of μ has not yet been given, and that it does not seem to be possible. The determinations of the chemical composition of the stars are regarded as shaky, because they are based on the value of μ.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 364-365 
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    Notes: Summary (1) The milky way is moving “absolutely” (relative to the light-ether) with a velocity of at least 600 km/s in the direction of the “absolute” movement of the earth (A=78°,D=+40°). (2) The “point of symmetry” of the “absolute” velocities of the spirals is situated about 1,120,000 parsec from the milky way in the direction of the antapex of his “absolute” movement, and it has taken 1·83 milliards of years for the milky way to cross this distance. (3) Probably the next spirals are forming with the milky way as a center a group with a common parallel movement like that one of the milky way.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 365-366 
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    Notes: Summary The meteorological observations obtained at the Säntis (2500 m) show a frequency-distribution of the air-temperature during snowfall with a clear maximum near −11°C. This was already pointed by the author with the data recorded at the Weissfluhjoch (2700 m) and was also proved by the observations made at the top of other high mountains. The results has therefore a general validity and indicates that the formation of snowflakes (i.e. of precipitations) is chiefly controlled by the occurrence of an air-temperature near −11°C in (supercooled) clouds.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 366-367 
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    Notes: Summary Bazzite recently found in Val Strem (Aarmassif, Ct. Graubünden, Switzerland) was investigated by means of X-ray (lattice constants, space group) and spectrographic methods (major and minor constituents). It seems to have a structure of the beryl type.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 367-367 
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    Notes: Summary Reduction of the ketal II of 7-keto-1,4-dimethoxy-4b-methyl-5, 6, 7, 9, 10-hexahydrophenanthrene with lithium in liquid ammonia furnishes a corresponding dihydro derivative, from which a tricyclic triketone, m.p. 121°, is obtained upon acid hydrolysis. This triketone is identical with the recently described antitrans-4b-methyl-1, 2, 3, 4, 4aα, 4b, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 10αβ-dodecahydro-phenanthrene-1, 4, 7-trione III and thus conforms to the stereochemistry of the natural steroids.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 367-369 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung In den exokrinen Pankreaszellen der Maus wurde der Golgiapparat im Elektronenmikroskop mit hoher Auflösung auf ultradünnen Schnitten studiert. Der Golgiapparat zeichnet sich durch ein deutlich abgegrenztes, unregelmässiges Zytoplasmagebiet mit eigenartiger Struktur aus, wobei man drei verschiedene Komponenten unterscheiden kann: 1. eine fast homogene Grundsubstanz; 2. Gruppen von 3 bis 5 dicht gepackten Golgimembranpaaren, von unregelmässigen Vakuolbildungen getrennt; 3. Golgigranula von verschiedener Form, Grösse und Dichte. Die grössten sind typische Zymogengranula.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 369-370 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine elektronenmikroskopische Analyse ultradünner Schnitte durch Herzmuskelgewebe hat ergeben, dass die sogenannten Glanzscheiben speziell organisierte Zellgrenzen sind. Das Herzmuskelgewebe ist folglich in Herzmuskelzellen eingeteilt und bildet kein Synzytium. Die Elementarfibrillen der Muskelfasern erreichen die Zellgrenzen an den Glanzscheiben, überbrücken aber nicht die 150–200 Å breite Zone zwischen den opaken Partien der benachbarten Zellgrenzen.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 371-371 
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    Notes: Summary The microphotometric absorptiometry of single isolated melanin granula and the photometric analysis of a KOH extract from a melanoblastoma metastasis show an extinction strongly increasing to the violet end of the spectrum, without any remarkable extinction maximum.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 371-372 
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    Notes: Riassunto Sulla base di ricerche spettrofotometriche all'infrarosso su sezioni di osso intero, di osso decalcificato (osseina) e di osso privato della frazione organica gli autori sono giunti ai risultati seguenti. Nell'osso intero i legami fra osseina e frazione inorganica sono realizzati dai gruppi solforici dell'osseina, dai gruppi PO4 della frazione inorganica e da ponti idrogeno.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 372-373 
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    Notes: Summary Researches on lipids from various strains of theSalmonella group showed that in the content of neutral lipids there is no difference between virulent and not virulent strains. Virulent strains contain by far less phosphatides than not virulent or weakly virulent strains.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 374-376 
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    Notes: Summary A method for purification of Penicillinase fromBacillus cereus is described whereby we obtain the enzyme in a very pure form and in excellent yields. Starting from a crude acetone precipitate, the purification is obtained by using successive separations with ammonium sulphate, in controlled conditions, and final ion exchange.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 373-374 
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    Notes: Summary Based on polarographic viz. spectrophotometric determinations of the stabilities of several Cu++- and Co+++ hydroxyquinolin complexes it has been shown that a correlation exists between the quotient of complex-stabilitiesK Co +++ /K Cu ++ and antitubercular activity (cf. table and graph). This supports the hypothesis that the 8-hydroxyquinolin derivatives and analogues act by competitive antagonism; the Cu++-hydroxy-quinolates are able to replace Co in a prosthetic group of Mycobacterium-enzyme with Cu.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 376-377 
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    Notes: Summary Different purified polysaccharides, mucopolysaccharides, phosphatides and carbohydrat-sulfonic acids have been investigated for their effect on stimulation of leucocytic migrationin vitro. The bacterial polysaccharides of proteus,S. marcescens, shiga and shiga fullantigen, have been found to be of high specific activity. All other compounds have much less or no activity. Therefore it might be concluded that the type of bacterial polysaccharides which promote leucocytic migration belong to a highly specific group.
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    Notes: Summary Pantothenic acid, pantethine, and probably also phosphorylated pantethine stimulate the production of carotenoids by the fungusMucor hiemalis.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 377-378 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Beeinflussungsmöglichkeit der tetraploiden Hefezellen durch Röntgenstrahlungsinaktivierung während besonderer Stadien der Keimungsdauer untersucht. Das Kurvenbild der überlebenden, nichtkeimenden interphasen Zellen ist sigmaförmig und ergibt einen Zielwert 4 (target value 4). Die Kurvenbilder der Zellen sind während aller Phasen der Keimungsdauer exponential. Nichtkeimende Zellen zeigen der Inaktivierung gegenüber ein Mindestmass an Widerstand, Zellen im Mittelpunkt der Keimungsdauer ein Höchstmass an Widerstand. Aus diesen Versuchen darf man schliessen, dass eine Wechselbeziehung zwischen der Röntgenstrahlungssensibilität der Zellen und des Kernsäurezyklus während der Mitose besteht.
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    Notes: Summary Paper chromatography has been used in conjonction with electrophoresis in a perpendicular direction (chromatoelectrophoresis), in order to characterize various guanidoderivatives of biological interest and also citrulline. The isolation of definite spots can be obtained with a satisfactory selectivity by this procedure, at a higher speed than by bidimensional chromatography; and the use of a few coloured reactions (ninhydrine,Sakaguchi, diacetyle-α-naphtol andp-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde) on the same electrochromatogram has been successfully practised in this field.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 381-383 
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    Notes: Summary On the grounds of cytochemical findings and of critical arguments, the author reaffirms that the sudanophilia of neutrophile leucocytes depends on their lipidic content and not on some chemical combination of the dyes with cytoplasmic constituents, as yet unexplained, as suggested byLillie andBurtner, and byGomori.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 383-384 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die ZikadenEmpoasca kerri undE. devastans saugen in erster Linie den Saft des Mesophyllgewebes, währendTettigella spectra undParabolocratus porrectus sich hauptsächlich vom Phloemgewebe ernähren. Bei den mesophyllfressenden Formen sind folgende Fermente vorhanden: Amylase, Maltase, Invertase, alkalische Proteinase, Polypeptidasen, Chlorophyllase und allein beiE. kerri Lipase. Die Phloemfresser besitzen nur Maltase, Invertase und Polypeptidase.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 385-388 
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    Notes: Summary After hatching, young individuals of the Mexican blind characinAnoptichthys jordani Hubbs and Innes possess small, movable eyes. In the course of growth, the eyes are overlapped by skinfolds and tend to sink into the depth of the orbital cavity. Lens and pupilar opening may disappear and degeneration is to be found in the retina. Even very young blind characins seem to have no vision of movements, while they are able to perceive light. The lower limit is about 0.12 Lux of light intensity. Experiments concerning the localisation of this perception of light are in progress.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 384-385 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Gruppen von 50 Jungbienen wurden in kleinen Versuchskäfigen im Thermostaten bei 30°C gehalten und mit Zuckerteig + 15% Pollen gefüttert. Bei Anwesenheit einer Königin entwickelten sich ihre Ovarien nicht. Ohne Königin waren jedoch die Ovarien bei Tötung nach 3 Wochen deutlich entwickelt. Die hemmende Wirkung geht nicht nur von der lebenden Königin aus: auch bei Anwesenheit einer toten Königin unterbleibt die Ovarienentwicklung. Es genügte sogar bloss deren Kopf oder Abdomen; der Thorax hingegen war nicht deutlich wirksam. Für das Zustandekommen der hemmenden Wirkung ist direkter Kontakt jeder einzelnen Arbeiterin mit der Königin bzw. deren erwähnten Körperteilen erforderlich. Mit Alkohol oder Azeton extrahierte Königinnen waren unwirksam; nach Imprägnierung mit der Extraktflüssigkeit wirkten sie wieder hemmend. Aus den Versuchen scheint somit hervorzugehen, dass die Entwicklung der Arbeiterinnen-Ovarien normalerweise deshalb unterbleibt, weil jede einzelne Arbeiterin in direktem Kontakt vom Körper der Königin eine Substanz aufnimmt, welche die Ovarienentwicklung hemmt.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 391-391 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 388-389 
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    Notes: Summary We have developped a new method to detect and measure very small amounts of CO having a sensitivity of 1 p. CO per 100 million p. air. HgO is heated in an oven reaction chambre where it reacts with CO in releasing proportional amounts of mercury vapor; the latter is then measured quantitatively in an UV electronic spectrophotometer. Reaction chamber and UV meter are assembled into a handy portable unit. The CO amount in blood is measured by decomposing a sample of blood in a volumetric flask with H2SO4 and drawing the gas mixture through the unit. The CO amount in alveolar air is measured by means of breathing bags. It is thus possible to study the influence of subtoxic doses of CO and the cancerogenic action of tobacco smoking.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 10 (1954), S. 389-391 
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    Notes: Summary A filter apparatus for high pressure filtration and its use in normal centrifuges is described. The solution is filtered through a filter membrane under the influence of high centrifugal power.
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