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  • Articles  (4,574)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (4,574)
  • 1995-1999  (2,950)
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  • Geosciences  (4,574)
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  • Articles  (4,574)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proceedings of the International Symposium on Polar Aspects of Global Change (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 18 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1999.tb00280.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Invited keynote address: Global change and the polar regions (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 18 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1999.tb00282.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Invited keynote address: The cryosphere: an early indicator and global player (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 18 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1999.tb00283.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation climate variability in Svalbard: surface and satellite observations (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 18 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: This paper performs a climatological investigation of the surface radiation budget (SRB) in Svalbard, on the basis of the Norwegian Polar Institute's radiation measurements from Ny-Ålesund (1981-1997) and the NASA/Langley Surface Radiation Budget Dataset (1983-1991). The radiation climate is related to meteorological conditions and surface properties, and compared to surface radiation fluxes measured from space. The natural variability of the short-wave and long-wave radiation fluxes in Ny-Ålesund is generally governed by the large annual variation in the incoming light with polar night and polar day conditions, the large changes of surface albedo - especially during spring - and the atmospheric circulation with frequent cyclone passages during winter with alternating periods of warm, humid maritime air from the south and cold, dry Arctic air from the north.Comparison with the satellite derived surface radiation fluxes shows that NyÅlesund is to a large extent influenced by the “ocean” climate to the west of Svalbard during the summer and autumn, but has a more “continental” radiation climate representative of the more central parts of the island during winter and spring. Ny-Ålesund is located in a fiord on the north-west coast of Svalbard, where the ocean cloud cover and the Arctic sea fog play an important role during the summer. During the winter and spring, however, the fiords are frozen and the drift ice covers a large extent of the surrounding ocean.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1999.tb00284.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climatic trend and the retreat and disintegration of ice shelves on the Antarctic Peninsula: an overview (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 18 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Observation of the retreat and disintegration of ice shelves around the Antarctic Peninsula during the last three decades and associated changes in air temperature, measured at various meteorological stations on the Antarctic Peninsula, are reviewed. The climatically induced retreat of the northern Larsen Ice Shelf on the east coast and of the Wordie, George VI, and Wilkins ice shelves on the west coast amounted to about 10 000 km2 since the mid-1960s. A summary is presented on the recession history of the Larsen Ice Shelf and on the collapse of those sections north of Robertson Island in early 1995. The area changes were derived from images of various satellites, dating back to a late 1963 image from the recently declassified US Argon space missions. This photograph reveals a previously unknown, minor advance of the northern Larsen Ice Shelf before 1975. During the period of retreat a consistent and pronounced warming trend was observed at the stations on both east and west coasts of the Antarctic Peninsula, but a major cause of the fast retreat and final collapse of the northernmost sections of the Larsen Ice Shelf were several unusually warm summers. Temperature records from the nearby station Marambio show that a positive mean summer temperature was reached for the first time in 1992-93. Recent observations indicate that the process of ice shelf disintegration is proceeding further south on both sides of the Antarctic Peninsula.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1999.tb00287.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Storfjorden polynya: ERS-2 SAR observations and overview (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 18 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Persistent polynyas have been observed over several winters in Storfjorden, situated between Spitsbergen and Barentsøya/Edgeøya in the south of the Svalbard archipelago. Polynyas are in general active regions with respect to ocean-atmosphere heat exchange, presenting strong convection phenomena and as such being involved in important water mass formation and having an impact on the marine ecosystem. Hydrographic observations have revealed very dense (cold and saline) brine-enriched bottom waters leaving the continental shelf as gravity driven plumes into the deep sea west of Spitsbergen. Satellite observations, using ERS-2 SAR imagery, reveal the evolution of the Storfjorden polynya during winter 1997/98. After forming a complete ice cover until mid-January, Storfjorden responds dynamically to northerly winds by opening a large latent heat polynya. It occupies at its largest extent a region of up to 6000 km2 of open water, thin ice and brash ice. Comparable in size to other large Arctic polynyas, the Storfjorden polynya might have the same or even greater importance in the thermohaline circulation and bottom water mass formation. Ice production is estimated at 30 km3 in Storfjorden, rejecting around 700 Mt (Megatons) of salt that can raise the salinity in Storfjorden by 0.9-1.0 PSU. First studies and the winter 1997/98 evolution of this polynya are presented in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1999.tb00290.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polar biogeochemistry and ecosystem feedback mechanisms in a changing environment (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 18 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1999.tb00292.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential and actual trace gas fluxes in Arctic terrestrial ecosystems (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 18 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: This paper provides an overview of results obtained through a number of studies of actual and potential trace gas exchanges in Eurasian and Greenlandic tundra ecosystems. The chief findings include:i) Long-term accumulation rates of carbon in organic tundra soils, i.e. net uptake of atmospheric CO2, are strongly controlled by simple climatic parameters (mean July temperature, annual precipitation). Warmer and wetter conditions stimulate carbon sequestration rates in Arctic terrestrial ecosystems.ii) The release of carbon through ecosystem respiration is also heavily influenced by climate. However, the release of dead organic soil carbon as CO2 is constraind by the lability of the stored organic compounds. This lability decreases significantly with depth (i.e. age) of the soils; moreover, this in turn decreases the temperature sensitivity of the decomposition process.iii) Methane emissions from typical tundra habitats in northern Eurasia are slightly lower than from seemingly similar habitats in North America although this difference probably can be attributed to the colder climatic setting of the studied sites compared with the general climatic conditions at the North American sites. There is a strong linkage between CO2 exchange, CH4 formation and emission rates in some wet tundra ecosystems.iv) Atmospheric uptake of CH4 occurs in some dry and mesic tundra habitats and there are indications that these uptake rates could be affected negatively by atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Emissions of N2O are rarely seen fromArctic soils but there appear to be a strong potential for denitrification and, hence, N2O release. This might be due to high rates of denitrification during the spring thaw and possibly associated significant releases of N2O in this period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1999.tb00294.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Invited keynote address: The aim of the symposium (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 18 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1999.tb00281.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High resolution climate simulations over the Arctic (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 18 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: The regional atmospheric climate model HIRHAM has been applied to the Arctic. Simulations for the whole year 1990 and for an ensemble of winter months (January of 1985-1995) have been performed. The comparison of the simulations with observational data analyses shows that the general spatial patterns are in good agreement with the data, in both the vertical structure and the annual cycle. For an additional validation of the model results, a multivariate classification of large-scale circulation patterns has been applied to the January ensemble model simulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1999.tb00286.x
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climate states and variability of Arctic ice and water dynamics during 1946–1997 (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 18 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Recently observed changes in the Arctic have highlighted the need for a better understanding of Arctic dynamics. This research addresses that need and is also motivated by the recent finding of two regimes of Arctic ice - ocean wind-driven circulation. In this paper, we demonstrate that during 1946-1997 the Arctic environmental parameters have oscillated with a period of 10-15 years. Our results reveal significant differences among atmosphere, ice, and ocean processes during the anticyclonic and cyclonic regimes in the Arctic Ocean and its marginal seas. The oscillating behaviour of the Arctic Ocean we call the Arctic Ocean Oscillation (AOO). Based on existing data and results of numerical experiments, we conclude that during the anticyclonic circulation regime the prevailing processes lead to increases in atmospheric pressure, in ice concentration and ice thickness, river runoff, and surface water salinity - as well as to decreases in air temperature, wind speed, number of storms, precipitation, permafrost temperatures, coastal sea level, and surface water temperature. During the cyclonic circulation regime the prevailing processes lead to increased air and water temperatures, wind speed, number of storms,open water periods, and to decreases in ice thickness and ice concentration, river runoff, atmospheric pressure, and water salinity. The two-climate regime theory may help answer questions related to observed decadal variability of the Arctic Ocean and to reconcile the different conclusions among scientists who have analysed Arctic data obtained during different climate states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1999.tb00285.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical simulation of salinity anomaly propagation in the Nordic seas and the Arctic Ocean (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 18 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: We investigate the response of the Nordic seas-Arctic Ocean system to surface freshwater flux anomalies that we regard as typical for long-term atmospheric variability. We employ response experiments with a coupled sea ice-ocean model where we introduce a surface freshwater flux anomaly (A) over the Norwegian Sea and (B) in the Laptev Sea. Case A offers an explanation for the intermediate depth salinity changes observed in the Amundsen Basin. The signal observed there belongs to an original perturbation that, according to the model, occurred around a decade earlier. Salinity fluctuations in the Laptev Sea could play a role in changes in the near surface salinity in the Amundsen Basin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1999.tb00288.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In search of an elusive Antarctic circumpolar wave in sea ice extents: 1978–1996 (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 18 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: For ease in discerning an Antarctic circumpolar wave in the perimeter of the ice pack, we construct a time series of the sea ice extents (essentially the area within the ice perimeter) in 1-degree longitudinal sectors for the period 1978–1996, as observed with the multichannel microwave imagers on board the NASA Nimbus 7 and the DOD (Dept. of Defense) DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program) F8. F11, and F13 satellites. After converting the time series into complex numbers by means of a Hilbert transform, we decompose the time series of the 360 sectors into its complex principal components (CPCs), effectively separating the spatial and temporal values. Then we decompose the real and imaginary parts of the temporal portions of the first three CPCs (complex principal compenents) by Empirical Mode Decomposition into their intrinsic modes, each representing a narrow frequency band, resulting in a collection of three CPCs for each intrinsic mode. Finally, we reconstruct the data in two different ways. First, we low-pass filter the data by combining all of the intrinsic modes of each CPC with periods longer than two years, which we designate as low-pass filtered. Next, we select the intrinsic mode of each CPC with periods of approximately four years, which we designate the quasiquadrennial (QQ) modes. The low-pass filtered time series shows eastward propagating azimuthal motion in the Ross and Weddell Seas, but no clearly circumpolar motion. The QQ time series, on the other hand, clearly shows castward propagating circumpolar waves, but with occasional retrograde motion to the west.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1999.tb00289.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and heat content of the West Spitsbergen Current (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 18 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: The seasonal evolution of the hydrographic structure of the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) above bottom depths from 300 m to 800 m is discussed based on a modern data set with high spatial resolution. The WSC appears to have a core with high temperature and salinity, linked to the topography in this depth interval, with a width on the order of 10 km. Strong cooling occurs in the autumn, reducing the heat content of the upper 200 m, but advected temperature and salinity maxima survive close to the surface in spring when air-sea exchange and vertical mixing is hampered by sea ice and meltwater.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1999.tb00291.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of vascular plant photosynthetic rate on CH4 emission from peat monoliths from southern boreal Sweden (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 18 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Peat monoliths taken from a boreal peatland system were incubated at two different light intensities to investigate the effect of the photosynthetic rate of vascular plants (Eriophorum angustifolium) on net CH4 emission. The experimental set-up consisted of six replicate monoliths as controls and six where the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) was reduced by 60%. NEP and total system respiration decreased significantly in response to reduced PAR. No significant changes in CH4 emission were found, but two different trends were noted. Methane emissions from the shaded monoliths initially seemed to be higher than emissions from the controls. After approximately four weeks the trend was reversed. The pattern may have been caused by “leakage” of organic compounds from inactivated roots that fueled CH4 production. It is suggested that a new balanced exchange of potential substrate carbon between the plants and the surrounding peat was established. Comparably less easily degradable carbon compounds would then become available for CH4 production. The fact that there appeared to be an effect of decreased carbon flow on CH4 emission is further supported by a tendency for lower concentrations of organic acids in porewater in the shaded monoliths at the end of the experiment. These results indicate a possible lagtime on the order of weeks before changes in photosynthesis rates and NEP have an effect onCH4 emission rates. Nevertheless it confirms the linkage between CO2 and CH4 cycling in wetland ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1999.tb00296.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial and temporal variability in the responses of Arctic terrestrial ecosystems to environmental change (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 18 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: This paper compares the responses of two contrasting Arctic ecosystems to climate change simulations: a polar semi-desert (in Svalbard) and a dwarf shrub heath (at Abisko, northern Sweden). These ecosystems are located close to the northern-and southernmost extremes of the Arctic region, respectively. Inmacts of simulated climatic changes were determined through factorial perturbation experiments, where growing season temperature, nutrient availability and water supply were manipulated. The results are compared with the impact of interannual variation in climate on the growth of a keystone moss species, Hylocomium splendens, from the wider circumpolar area. The perturbation studies revealed that current interannual variability in temperature and the temperate tolerance of many species may exceed predicted changes in mean summer temperature over the next century. Arctic ecosystems differed in their responses to environmental manipulations, with the structure of the dwarf shrub health being affected through shifts in competitive hierarchy, potentially leading to lower biodiversity, and the polar semi-desert being affected through invasion, potentially leading to higher diversity. H. splendens showed negative responses to perturbation at the sub-Arctic site, in contrast to the positive relationship between temperature and growth observed in the natural environment. This apparent discrepancy may result from: (i) artefacts arising from the perturbations, such as lower atmospheric relative humidity; (ii) non-equilibrium responses during the relatively short-term perturbation studies and/or (iii) ecotypic variation in the moss population. Thus, caution should be employed when extrapolating from perturbations studies to both longer time-scales and different ecosystems within the Arctic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1999.tb00293.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CANADIAN DIORITE GNEISS SY-4: PREPARATION AND CERTIFICATION BY EIGHTY-NINE INTERNATIONAL LABORATORIES (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 19 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: This report describes the location, collection, preparation, mineralogy, homogeneity testing, and interlaboratory certification program of a diorite gneiss reference material, SY-4. This work was an undertaking of the Canadian Certified Reference Materials Project (CCRMP). SY-4 has been certified for 49 whole-rock, minor, and trace elements. Eight additional constituents have been provisionally certified and information ranges are reported for another 14 elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.1995.tb00156.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    1995 WORKING VALUES WITH CONFIDENCE LIMITS FOR TWENTY-SIX CRPG, ANRT AND IWG-GIT GEOSTANDARDS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 19 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Working values for the twenty-six CRPG, ANRT and IWG-GIT geostandards are presented, with 95% confidence limits. In addition, the hundreds of geoanalysts who have contributed data on these reference samples are presented, with their country of origin.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.1995.tb00164.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ELEVEN GOLD GEOCHEMICAL REFERENCE SAMPLES (GAU 8–18) (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 19 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Eleven gold geochemical reference samples, GAu 8–18, have been prepared by the Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, People's Republic of China. The concentration range of gold in these samples is from 0.5 ng/g to 10 μg/g. Fifteen Chinese Institutes, experienced in gold analysis of geological samples, have participated in the certification procedure using seven reliable analytical methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.1995.tb00157.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    Snow accumulation distribution on Spitsbergen, Svalbard, in 1997 (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 17 (1998), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: A survey of the regional snow accumulation variability on Spitsbergen, Svalbard, was carried out during three field campaigns in May 1997. The survey was carried out along three transects from west-to-east approcimately at the following latitudes: 77°30′, 78° and 78°50’degrees north. The altitudes span from sea level to 1000 metres elevation. Snow depth was measured with two different ground-penetrating radar systems, PulsEKKO (450 MHz) and GSSI SIR System-2 (500 MHz), pulled behind snow machines. Snow characteristics such as snow temperature, snow density and stratigraphy were measured in snow pits in nine areas, three along each transect. Our data suggest the following: (1)the accumulation-elevation gradients vary from 3 mm/100 m in the northeast to 237 mm/100 min the central-south with an average value of 104 mm/100m for all measurements: (2)snow accumulation was 38 to 49% higher at the eastern coast than at the western coast; (3) a clear minimum in accumulation (or continental climate) is seen for the central (inland) locations in the middle and northern transects while no such minimum exists along the southern transect; (4) a south-to-north gradient produces 55% and 40% less snow accumulation at the northern locations compared to the southern locations at the western and eastern coasts, respectively. These drops in winter snow accumulation occur over a distance of less than 200 km.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1998.tb00269.x
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  • 21
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    The Klippfisk Formation—a new lithostratigraphic unit of Lower Cretaceous platform carbonates on the Western Barents Shelf (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 17 (1998), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: A new Lower Cretceous lithostratigraphic unit of the Western Barents Shelf, named the Klippfisk Formation, is formally introduced. The formation represents a condensed carbonate succession deposited on platform areas and structural highs, where it consists of limestones and marls, often glauconitic. The limestones may have a nodular appearance, and fossil debris, which are dominated by Inoceramus prisms, may be abundant. The Klippfisk Formation is composed of two members: the Kutling Member defined herein from cores drilled on the Bjarmeland Platform, and the coeval Tordenskjoldberget Member described on Kong Karls Land. The base of the formation is defined by the abrupt decrease in gamma-ray intensity, where the dark shales of the underlying Hekkingen or Agardhfjellet formations are replaced by marls. It is often unconformable. The Klippfisk Formation is of Berriasian to Early Barremian age and appears to be time-transgressive over parts of the Western Barents Shelf (including Kong Karls Land). It passes laterally into the basinal Knurr Formation. On Kongsøya (Kong Karls Land) a thin shale unit, bounded by unconformities, earlier included in the Tordenskjoldberget Member, represents the northernmost extension of the overlying Kolje Formation in the Barents Shelf.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1998.tb00271.x
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  • 22
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    UV-B induced immunomodulation: a health risk (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 18 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: The depletion in stratospheric ozone and changes in life-styles are likely to lead to an increased exposure to sunlight, including the UV-B waveband. Such irradiation may induce immunomodulation and therefore have adverse effects on human health. Alterations in immune responses could affect not only photocarcinogenesis but also resistance to infections, certain allergies and autoimmunity, and vaccination efficacy. In the present study, the risk of increased UV-B exposure has been estimated with respect to the resistance to a bacterial (Listeria monocytogenes) and a viral (herpes simplex virus) infection. The data indicate that suberythemal UV-B irradiation can have significant effects on immune responses to certain infectious diseases in human subjects.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1999.tb00312.x
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  • 23
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    UV-B susceptibility and photoprotection of Arctic Daphnia morphotypes (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 18 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: UV-B tolerance and susceptibility of high Arctic morphotypes of the Daphnia pulexl D. tenebrosa complex were assessed by in situ experiments at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard (79°N). Animals from local ponds were exposed to ambient light plus additional UV-B from lamps in a greenhouse facility. Taxonomic affinities did not appear as major determinants of UV susceptibility, but a major difference in UV-B tolerance was seen between morphotypes with pigmented carapaces and those without, the latter being far more susceptible. Assays on levels of carotene and the anti-oxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase did not reveal clear-cut differences between populations, and could not account for the higher tolerance in pigmented populations. Levels of glutathione transferase were higher in the transparent population, however. In the absence of blue light and UV, laboratory reared animals did not reconstitute their carapace melanization after moulting, indicating that short-wave light is the cue for melanin synthesis. Tests on melanized individuals and individuals of the same population reared indoors through 1-2 moults supported the major role of melanin for UV protection. Periods with high UV exposure during hatching of ephippia could induce shifts in morphotype or clonal dominance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1999.tb00313.x
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    UV-B radiation: a health risk in the Arctic? (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 18 (1999), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Seasonal stratospheric ozone depletion in the Arctic has raised the question of whether the associated increases in ultraviolet-B (290-320 nm) constitute a significant health risk in Arctic populations. Increases in skin cancer in Europe and the USA from excess UV-B resulting from ozone depletion have been predicted. Skin cancer is, however, rare in Inuit populations.UV-B also causes a selective down regulation of the immune system which may be a natural regulatory mechanism evolved to prevent autoimmune attack on sunlight-altered skin. The action spectrum for UV-B immunosuppression implicated a unique skin photoreceptor molecule, urocanic acid (UCA), which isomerizes from the trans to the cis isomer on exposure to UV-B, the cis isomer being immunosuppressive. This form of immunosuppression is important in skin cancer and possibly in infectious diseases.The epidemiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma shows a relationship with UV exposure, postulated to be via the immunosuppressive effects of UV-B. Cancers which show an excess in Inuit populations include nasopharyngeal and salivary gland cancer. Genetic factors appear to be involved, but these are thought to be virally related cancers possibly associated with the high viral load in these populations. In several studies on non-Arctic populations, salivary gland cancer has been linked to ultraviolet exposure. A potential role for UV-B exposure in these cancers in the Arctic needs to be explored.In view of the high levels of POPS in some Arctic regions, potential interactions between the immunosuppression caused by some of these pollutants and the effects of UV-B need to be investigated.
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    THREE NATURAL ZIRCON STANDARDS FOR U-TH-PB, LU-HF, TRACE ELEMENT AND REE ANALYSES (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 19 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: We report here the results of a study to develop natural zircon geochemical standards for calibrating the U-(Th)-Pb geochronometer and Hf isotopic analyses. Additional data were also collected for the major, minor and trace element contents of the three selected sample sets. A total of five large zircon grains (masses between 0.5 and 238 g) were selected for this study, representing three different suites of zircons with ages of 1065 Ma, 2.5 Ma and 0.9 Ma. Geochemical laboratories can obtain these materials by contacting Geostandards Newsletter.
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    MAJOR AND TRACE ELEMENT DETERMINATIONS ON NIST GLASS STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS 611, 612, 614 AND 1834 BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 19 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: We report on the major and trace element composition and homogeneity of NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) glass standard reference materials 611, 612, 614, and 1834 for use as microanalytical trace element standards in laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The four analyzed NIST glasses were not designed as microanalytical standards, but their availability and careful preparation made them obvious candidates. Our data indicate that NIST 1834 is inhomogeneous on a scale of 100 mg with respect to several trace elements. Within analytical uncertainty, NIST 611, 612, and 614 are apparently homogeneous.
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    ICP-MS DETERMINATION OF 45 TRACE ELEMENTS IN WHOLE COAL USING MICROWAVE OVEN ACID DIGESTION FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 19 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The microwave oven acid digestion technique has been routinely applied to the ICP-MS multielement analysis of whole powdered coal. Samples were treated with a mixture of HF/aqua regia/HClO4 in closed Teflon PFA vessels without any pre-treatment. Complete dissolution of the coal matrix is not required, but only one that results in quantitative and reproducible recovery of more than 40 trace elements with minimum digestion time, minimum use of reagents and minimal operator attendance. The precision of the analysis as well as the repeatability of the sample preparation procedure and precision of instrumental measurements have been evaluated. Eight coal standards, including NBS SRM 1632b, 3 South Africa Reference Materials (SARMs) 18 to 20 and 4 USA ARs 1800 to 1803 were analysed in this manner providing data for all the 14 rare earth elements along with others of geochemical interest, technological relevance as well as environmental and health concern. The results, from the ppb level to several ppm, are discussed for all the elements including detection and quantification limits, precision and accuracy. In general, good agreement was achieved with the certified and/or available published values.
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    BRIEF NEWS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 19 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.1995.tb00154.x
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    Halogenating activity in an artic population of brown macroalga Laminaria saccharina (L.) Lamour. (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 16 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Several sections of the thallus of an artic population of brown macroalga Laminaria saccharina (L.) Lamour were collected during April-June 1995, in the Kongsfjorden are at Ny-Aålesund, Svalbard and investigated for halogenating activity. Brominating activity was found in the blade only, while iodinating activity occurred in the whole thallus of L. saccharina. The highest activity occurred in the blade, while lower activity was detected in the stipe and holdfast. No evidence for chlorinating activity was found. Halogenating activity, which clearly depends on temperature, showed increasing rates with increasing tempertures between 5 and 35°C.
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    Petrochemistry of Jurassic and Cretaceous tholeiites from Kong Karls Land, Svalbard, and their relation to Mesozoic magmatism in the Arctic (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 16 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: A study of the whole-rock geochemistry and mineral chemistry of high-TiO2 Upper Jurassic and medium-TiO2 Lower Cretaceous basalts from Kong Karls Land, Svalbard, is presented. Geochemical criteria indicate that the basalts are initial rifting tholeiites with weak signs of crustal contamination. The Upper Jurassic basalts appear to be associated with the Olga Rift, part of a trans-Barents rift system which failed to link the proto-Atlantic and proto-Arctic basins. The Lower Cretaceous basalts may be more closely related to initial rifting tholeiites on Franz Josef Land and Spitsbergen generated during the rifting stage of opening of the Canada Basin. During break-up of the Barents Shelf, the sequence of magma types corresponds to the pre-, syn- and post-rifting stages established in other areas of continental break-up. Evidence for a possible hot-spot or plume trail, extending from Siberia to the Yermak Plateau over 250 Ma, is assembled.
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    Mapping seabird nesting habitats in Franz Josef Land, Russian High Arctic, using digital Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 17 (1998), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Supervised classification of digital Landsat satellite images was used to locate seabird nesting habitats in the Russian High Arctic archipelago of Franz Josef Land, a region where the avifauna is poorly known and ecologically vulnerable. Major seabird nesting colonies are readily identifiable in Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery of the region due primarily to the distinctive spectral signature of vegetation on ornithogenically altered soils below bird cliffs. Supervised image classification was used to pinpoint areas displaying spectral characteristics typical of documented seabird nesting habitats. A total of 101 seabird nesting colony locations identified in Russian and Western literature from 1898 to 1996 was used as training sites to develop spectral signatures from a summer TM image mosaic for use in a supervised maximum likelihood classification. The classified image was thresholded and compared to a map of documented nesting locations. Of the 101 field-documented nesting sites, 96 were clearly identified in the classified image. An inventory was produced of all undocumented seabird habitats suggested by the classification, totalling over 300 sites. The methodology used may be applicable to other arctic regions and is intended as a first step when planning ecological protection zones in remote and inaccessible arctic regions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1998.tb00256.x
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    The net phytoplankton in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, July 1988, with general remarks on species composition of arctic phytoplankton (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 17 (1998), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Examination of 17 samples collected by a 20 μm meshed meshed net in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, 8–19 July 1988, showed a dominance of dinoflagellates and the chrysophyte Dinobryon Balticum in the surface layers, whereas the diatom and the haptophyte Phaecystis pouchetii abundance increased with depth. The diatom Pseudo-nitzschia granii appeared together with P. pouchetii through the whole water column, and Actinocyclus curvatulus was one of the few diatoms present also in the surface samples. Two samples, from 15 and 50 m, respectively, were cleaned of organic material and mounted in Naphrax for a more critical identification of the diatoms. We were able to group the species according to habitats, especially types of ice. The planktonic Thalassiosira antarctica var. borealis, T. hyalina, T. nordenskioeldii, Bacterosira bathyomphaia, Chaetoceros furcellatus, C. socialis and Fragilariopsis oceanica were present mainly as resting stages representing a post-bloom situation. These species and T. gravida appear early in the season and may have started to grow already under the ice. Fragilariopsis cylindrus and F. oceanica seem to have a closer affinity to ice than Thalassiosira and Chaetoceros spp. although they are common in the plankton. Some Nitzschia species which are usually regarded as typical sea-ice diatoms and have thicker and older ice as the main habitat were present only in small cell numbers in the plankton samples. The last component, evidently introduced from Atlantic water in the Norwegian Sea, consisted of diatoms with a more oceanic distribution, e. g. Fragilariopsis pseudonana and a small form of Thalassiosira bioculata.
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    Seabirds in the Greenland, Barents and Norwegian Seas, February-April 1982 (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 2 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: The pelagic distributions of seabirds in the Greenland, Norwegian and western Barents Seas are poorly known, especially in winter. This paper describes quantitative observations made in the course of an oceanographic cruise between 60°-79°13′N and 15°W-18°30′E from 25 February to 4 April 1982. Seabirds were generally scarce: the principal species were Fulmarus glacialis, Rissa tridactyla, Pagophila eburnea, Una spp. and Alle atle. Numbers were greatest in the south and east, where the sea surface temperatures were warmest. Pagophila eburnea and Cepphus grylle were most commonly seen near the edge of the pack-ice in the Greenland Sea. In the pack-ice zone Fulmarus glacialis and Alle alle were commonest where the sea surface was 40–60% covered with ice. These late-winter observations are compared with published accounts of summer distributions. Preliminary quantitative comparisons also suggest that the size of the population of Uria spp. wintering in the survey area, and especially in the western Barents Sea, is significantly larger than that which winters off Nova Scotia, eastern Canada; the reverse is true of Alle alle. R. G. B. Brown, Canadian Wildlife Service, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Boxlø06, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, B2Y 4A2.
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    The Jan May en Ridge: present status (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 2 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: At present, there is no direct evidence of rocks predating the late Paleocene opening of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea on the Jan Mayen Ridge. A review of the available geophysical data, DSDP drilling results and plate tectonic reconstructions convincingly indicates a continental nature of the northern part of the ridge. On the other hand, there is still considerable uncertainty about the southern part of the ridge and its possible continuation towards Iceland. Two reflectors, A and O, have been mapped regionally. A appears to reflect an unconformity of middle Oligocene age. Most investigators have indicated that O forms a late Paleocene rift unconformity associated with the opening of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea. By analogy with the North Sea and the continental margin off Norway we propose that it should be investigated whether this reflector might be older, relating to an earlier Mesozoic regime of tension.
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    The Triassic ammonite Aristoptychites kolymensis (Kiparisova) from Botneheia, Spitsbergen (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 2 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Aristoptychites kolymensis (Kiparisova) is investigated and described in detail from collections made at Botneheia, Spitsbergen, where it occurs at the top of the Botneheia Formation (Daonella Shale). It is a rather small species and the stratigraphically highest representative of the genus in Spitsbergen. Its suture line is remarkable by its possession of the additional U.-lobes between the internal lobe and the first umbilical lobe. A lobe of this kind has so far been described only once, with Arcestes (Proarcestes) bicarinatus by Schindewolf (1968), which suggests affinities between Ptychitidae and Arcestidae.
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    SNOW-SKY AND WATER-SKY LUMINANCE AT AN ARCTIC STATION (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 1982 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Luminance measurements of water-sky and snow-sky were carried out at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard. The luminance of a well-developed water-sky is found to be about 40% of that of the adjacent snow-sky. Once the‘luminance level’of a comparatively pure snow-sky is reached, there is only a very slight further luminance increase towards zenith. This is in good agreement with FRITZ’theory as well as with the light conditions experienced during‘white-out’situations. By measuring the angular elevation of the border between water-sky and snow-sky and the height of the cloud base, good estimates are obtained of the distance to the corresponding border on the ground between snow surface and open water.
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    VITRINITE REFLECTANCE STUDIES OF COALS AND DISPERSED ORGANIC MATTER IN TERTIARY DEPOSITS IN THE ADVENT-DALEN AREA, SVALBARD (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 1982 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Vitrinite reflectance measurements on coals and dispersed organic matter in Tertiary deposits in the Adventdalen area show that there is a continuous rank increase from 'sub-bituminous C (Ro = 0.40) at the top through 950 m to‘high volatile bituminous B’(Ro = 0.70) at the base. Rank of the economically important coal horizon at the base of the Tertiary shows regional variation ranging from 'sub-bituminous B’(Ro = 0.41) to Tiigh volatile bituminous A-B’(Ro = 0.78). It is concluded that 1.0 - 1.5 km of Tertiary deposits were eroded during the postorogene uplift of Svalbard, and the area of greatest sediment accumulation migrated eastwards during deposition.
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    Discovery of thermal springs in the Raudfjellet region, SW Spitsbergen (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 1982 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Two thermal springs were discovered in the Raudfjellet region in Spitsbergen. They had a total discharge of about 0.1 m3/sec and were found in metamorphic carbonate rocks on bare ground under the eastern part of Torellbreen. Water with temperatures between 12.3 and 6.5°C caused thermoerosive phenomena to take place at the end of the eastern Torellbreen snout and formed an ice sheet covering the ground after cooling and freezing.
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    Recent status of bowhead whales, Balaena mysticetus, in the wintering grounds off West Greenland (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 15 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Bowhead whales, Balaena mysticetus, belonging to the Davis Strait/Baffin Bay stock, have historically in Baffin Bay and Davis Strait, including waters along the west coast of Greenland in and near the entrance of Disko Bay. Aerial surveys of the Disko Bay region during late winter (1981, 1982, 1990,1991, 1993 and 1994) showed that it was still visited regularly by a few tens of whales. Commercial whaling on bowheads in Baffin Bay and Davis Strait ended in about 1915, but occasional killing continued until as recently as the 1970s. The low numbers of bowheads observed off West Greenland in recent years are consistent with the results of surveys of the summering grounds in the eastern Canadian Arctic, indicating that any recovery has been exceedingly slow. The only conclusion supported by the data is that the current stock size is a small fraction of what it was prior to commercial whaling.
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    Landslides and relict ice margin landforms in Adventdalen, central Spitsbergen, Svalbard (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 15 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Two characteristic landforms, landslide blocks and drainage channels, were investigated in Adventdalen, central Spitsbergen. The landslides in the middle reaches of Adventdalen comprise large-scale bedrock slumps which form a hummocky surface on the south slope of Arctowskifjellet. The fourteen recognized landslide blocks are divided into upper and lower sections, according to altitude. The drainage channels consist of tributary rivers to Adventelva which flow in two distinct directions, either parallel with or oblique to the direction of the main river. Glacial deposits were found to cover the ridges between these tributary channels. The upper and lower landslide divisions may indicate former positions of the ice surface, and the channels appear to have originated during the existence of lateral moraine ridges with high ice content. These geomorphological findings have allowed reconstruction of former ice marginal positions, and they strongly suggest the existence of stagnant ice or minor re-advance phases during the course of deglaciation in Adventdalen.
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    Sediment transport to the Laptev Sea–hydrology and geochemistry of the Lena River (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 15 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: This study focuses on the fluvial sediment input to the Laptev Sea and concentrates on the hydrology of the Lena basin and the geochemistry of the suspended particulate material. The paper presents data on annual water discharge, sediment transport and seasonal variations of sediment transport. The data are based on daily measurements of hydrometeorological stations and additional analyses of the SPM concentrations carried out during expeditions from 1975 to 1981. Samples of the SPM collected during an expedition in 1994 were analysed for major, trace, and rare earth elements by ICP-OES and ICP-MS. Approximately 700 km3 freshwater and 27 times 106 tons of sediment per year are supplied to the Laptev Sea by Siberian rivers, mainly by the Lena River. Due to the climatic situation of the drainage area, almost the entire material is transported between June and September. However, only a minor part of the sediments transported by the Lena River enters the Laptev Sea shelf through the main channels of the delta, while the rest is dispersed within the network of the Lena Delta. Because the Lena River drains a large basin of 2.5 times 106 km2, the chemical composition of the SPM shows a very uniform composition. In contrast, smaller rivers with more restricted catchment areas exhibit significant differences.
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    Observations of moulting Eider and breeding Common Eider Somateria mollissima at Nordaustlandet, Svalbard, in 1979 (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 2 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: A survey on the Common Eider Somateria mollissima in wing-feather moult and females with young was carried out in connection with Norsk Polarinstitutt's expedition to Svalbard in July and August 1979. A total of 3450 moulting eider were found on a water area of approximately 2500 km2; 18% of these were flightless. Females dominated in the population with about 82%. Of the breeding population, 109 females with 336 young were found. The average ratio of female to young has been calculated at 1:3.08. This ratio in relation to other studies of eider productivity is discussed briefly.
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    Status of the Atlantic walrus Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus in the Svalbard area (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 2 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Observations of walrus in the Svalbard area in the period 1954-1982 indicate an increase since 1970 in the numbers summering in this area. The numbers of walrus observed show annual fluctuations. With the exception of 1973, when at least 300 animals were observed on one occasion at Kvitøya, the observations indicate a summering stock of about 100 animals. In 1982, when most walrus habitats in Svalbard were surveyed, observations of 248-274 animals were recorded. These observations were estimated to represent 82–85 individuals.During summer, walrus are most frequently observed at Tusenøyane, in Murchisonfjorden and along adjacent coasts, along the northern coast of Nordaustlandet, at Kvitoya, and at Moffen. Apparently, the walrus re-established the use of Moffen as a summer haul-out site about the beginning of the 1970s.An apparent under-representation of observations of females with dependent calves in Svalbard indicates that the area is mainly used as a summering area by males and that Svalbard is in the process of being repopulated by an extension of a population centred elsewhere. It is suggested that the walrus summering in Svalbard belong to a population with its main distribution in the Frans Josef Land archipelago, but at least some may be derived from a walrus population(s) occurring at Novaja Zemlja and in the Kara Sea.
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    A Tertiary-Quaternary section at Sarsbukta, Spitsbergen, Svalbard, and its foraminifera (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 2 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Tertiary and Quaternary deposits outcrop in the coastal cliff of Balanusviken at Sarsbukta in Vest-Spitsbergen. The Tertiary deposits appear by their foraminifera to belong to the Middle to Upper Oligocene. The Quaternary deposits consist of an upper part of Late Pleistocene to Holocene age, and a lower part which had previously been considered Middle Weichselian of age. Its foraminiferal assemblages suggest a higher age (Late Saalian, Eemian?). This lower part of the Quaternary deposits is related to a series of raised beaches with an upper limit at SO m above present day sea level. They were probably formed during the Eemian, and have not been distorted by later glaciation. The present study is based on sediment samples collected from the coastal cliff of Balanusviken, and particularly from that of Balanuspynten, Sarsbukta, Spitsbergen, during the summer expedition of Norsk Polarinstitutt in 19Sø.
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    Two observations of pumice levels from the west coast of Spitsbergen (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 2 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.1984.tb00489.x
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    Observations of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in the southeastern Barents and Pechora seas in February 1993 (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 14 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: A total of 138 walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus), including 21 cow/calf pairs, were observed during a ship-board survey in the southeastern Barents and Pechora seas 5-17 February 1993. The observations confirm these areas as wintering and nursery grounds for the species.
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    Variability in nutrient concentrations around Elephant Island, Antarctica, during 1991-1993 (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 14 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: The nutrient status of the various water mass structures within a large sampling grid around Elephant Island are reported and the nutrient concentrations relative to jata from the physical and biological components of the Antarctic Marine Living Resources Programme are discussed. Concentrations of silicic acid, nitrate and phosphate (Si/N/P) were measured in the upper water column during January-March of three successive years. Samples were taken from eleven depths at 17 stations in 1991, and at four depths at 144 stations in 1992 and 182 stations in 1993. There was considerable variability in the concentrations of all three nutrients within the study area, but silicic acid showed the greatest variance among the water masses present in the sampling grid. The ratios (Si/N/P) of the nutrient deficits (difference in winter and summer values) in the upper 100 m differed considerably in Drake Passage waters as compared to Bransfield Strait waters, with both nitrate and silicic acid showing the greatest variance. Nutrient deficits did not increase from January to February, indicating that rates of replenishment of nutrients to the euphotic zone by physical processes and/or biological regeneration were approximately equal to the rate of uptake and assimilation by phytoplankton during that time period. The seasonal deficits, however, were substantial. Estimates of daily rates of primary production based on these nutrient deficits were comparable to the rates as measured by radiocarbon for Drake Passage waters, but much smaller for Bransfield Strait waters.
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    On the glaciology of Edgeøya and Barentsøya, Svalbard (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 14 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: The ice masses on Edgeøya and Barentsøya are the least well known in Svalbard. The islands are 42-47% ice covered with the largest ice cap, Edgeøyjøkulen, 1365 km2 in area. The tidewater ice cliffs of eastern Edgeøya are over 80 km long and produce small tabular icebergs. Several of the ice-cap outlet glaciers on Edgeøya and Barentsøya are known to surge, and different drainage basins within the ice caps behave as dynamically separate units. Terminus advances during surging have punctuated more general retreat from Little Ice Age moraines, probably linked to Twentieth Ceutury climate warming and mass balance change. Airborne radio-echo sounding at 60 MHz along 340 km of flight track over the ice masses of Edgeøya and Barentsøya has provided ice thickness and elevation data. Ice is grounded below sea level to about 20 km inland from the tidewater terminus of Stonebreen. Ice thickens from 〈100 m close to the margins, to about 250 m in the interior of Edgeøyjøkulen. The maximum ice thickness measured on Barentsjøkulen was 270 m. Landsat MSS images of the two islands, calibrated to in-band reflectance values, allow synoptic examination of snowline position in late July/early August. Snow and bare glacier ice were identified, and images were digitally stretched and enhanced. The snowline was at about 300 m on the east side of Edgeøyjøkulen, and 50-100 m higher to the west. Snowlines were at approximately 450 m on Digerfonna and Storskalven. On Barentsjøkulen the snowline was 350 m above sea level on the eastern flank and over 400 m on the west. This asymmetry suggests greater precipitation on the east side of the ice caps. Enhanced Landsat imagery was also used to identify suspended sediments in the waters offshore of the islands. Where this turbid meltwater emerges from tidewater glacier termini, it is likely to be derived from the subglacial drainage system. This suggests that at least parts of the beds of the ice masses on Edgeøya and Barentsøya are at the pressure melting point, and that a basal hydrological system is present.
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    Dynamics of the last glaciation in eastern Svalbard as inferred from glacier-movement indicators (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 14 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Glacial striae and other ice movement indicators such as roche moutonées, glacial erratics, till fabric and glaciotectonic deformation have been used to reconstruct the Late Weichselian ice movements in the region of eastern Svalbard and the northern Barents Sea. The ice movement pattern may be divided into three main phases: (1) a maximum phase when ice flowed out of a centre east or southeast of Kong Karls Land. At this time the southern part of Spitsbergen was overrun by glacial ice from the Barents Sea; (2) the phase of deglaciation of the Barents Sea Ice Sheet, when an ice cap was centred between Kong Karls Land and Nordaustlandet. At the same time ice flowed southwards along Storfjorden; and (3) the last phase of the Late Weichselian glaciation in eastern Svalbard is represented by local ice caps on Spitsbergen, Nordaustlandet, Barentsoya and Edgeøya.The reconstructed ice flow pattern during maximum glaciation is compatible with a centre of uplift in the northern Barents Sea as shown by isobase reconstructions and suggested by isostatic modelling.
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    Early Holocene land floras and faunas from Edgeøya, eastern Svalbard (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 14 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Early Holocene, near-shore marine sediments from Visdalen, Edgeøya, eastern Svalbard contain locally abundant allochthonous remains of land plants, notably bryophytes. Wetland species indicative of mineral rich and calcareous soils are frequent, but upland plants are also well represented. The fossil assemblages are indicative of ecological and climatic conditions similar to those on Edgeøya today. The sediments contain one of the first fossil beetles reported from Svalbard. Apparently, the modern flora of Svalbard was already established in the earliest Holocene, probably following immigration from northern Europe. A few Armeria scabra remains are believed to be derived from interglacial deposits.
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    Late Weichselian to early Holocene sedimentation in a steep fjord/valley setting, Visdalen, Edgeøya, eastern Svalbard: glacial deposits, alluvial/colluvial-fan deltas and spit-platforms (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 14 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: The Visdalen valley, situated at the northwestern corner of Edgeøya, was investigated with respect to lithostratigraphy and depositional environments of the Quaternary sediments. Eight major lithostratigraphic units are recognised of which seven were deposited during the Late Weichselian to early Holocene glaciation, deglaciation and the subsequent emergence of the area, and one unit deposited prior the last glaciation. Till deposition from a west-flowing glacier was followed by glaciomarine and later marine deposition of fine-grained sediments. Coarse-grained colluvial and alluvial-fan deltas were deposited along the mountainsides in the Visdalen palaeo-bay, and distal sediment gravity-flow deposits from these deltas were interbedded with the glaciomarine-marine sediments. A spit-platform (riegel) was built up across the Visdalen bay contemporaneously with the alluvial fan-deltas. Its formation was time-transgressive, with its highest part in the south close to the marine limit at 85 m a.s.l. and its lowest part in the north at ca 65 m a.s.l. The sediment source was alluvial and colluvial debris, which was entrained by longshore currents along the more exposed coast south of Visdalen and transported northwards to the final place of deposition. The bulk part of the riegel ridge is composed of progradational successions of steep foresets dipping towards NW, N and NE, and clearly rejects an earlier ice-contact model. Datings suggest that the fan-delta deposition and the riegel formation ended before 9,000 BP. A meltwater-fed lagoon with a highest level at 〉50m a.s.l. was formed behind the riegel ridge in which, according to varve counting, glaciolacustrine sedimentation lasted more than 250 years and occurred within the time span 9,000-8,500 BP. Gradual uplift of the area resulted in drainage of the glaciolacustrine lagoon. Beachface processes and fluvial down-cutting took place during the emergence of the area.
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    Past glaciation and sea levels on Bjørnøya, Svalbard (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 14 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Bjørnøya has a very thin cover of unconsolidated Quaternary sediments. Glacial erratics of local origin are spread throughout the lowland areas, and glacial striae indicate glacial movement which was centred middle of the island. No traces of the Barents Sea ice sheet have been observed on Bjørnøya, nor has there been any postglacial emergence of the island. Lake cores date the deglaciation of the lowlands to ca 10,000 BP, and peat deposits on high mountains show that these were deglaciated before 8700 bp.
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    The Downtonian and Devonian vertebrates of Spitsbergen. XV. New Heterostracans from the Lower Devonian Red Bay Group, northern Spitsbergen (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 14 (1995), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: A new vertebrate fauna consisting of two new species of heteroslracans (jawless vertebrates), Anglaspis gjelsviki (Cyathaspididae) and Protopteraspis micra (Pteraspididae), is described from the Wulffberget Member of the Red Bay Conglomerate Formation, northern Spitsbergen. This is the oldest known vertebrate fauna of typical Early Devonian age on Spitsbergen. The discovery of this vertebrate fauna improves the distribution and diversity of early vertebrates in the Red Bay Group.
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    Recent foraminifera in glaciomarine sediments from three arctic fjords of Novaja Zemlja and Svalbard (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 14 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Foraminifera were examined in recent (〈100 years) fine-grained glaciomarine muds from surface sediments and cores from Nordensheld Bay, Novaja Zemlja, and Hornsund and Bellsund, Spitsbergen. This study presents the first data on modern foraminifera distribution for fjord environments in Novaja Zemlja, Russia. The data are interpreted with reference to the distribution of foraminiferal near Svalbard and the Barents Sea. In Nordensheld Bay, live and dead Nonionellina labradorica and Islandiella norcrossi are most abundant in the outer fjord. Cassidulina reniforme and Allogromiina spp. dominate in the middle and inner fjord. The dominant species are dissimilar to species occurring in other areas of the Barents Sea region, with the exception of Svalbard fjords. The number of live foraminifera (24 to 122 tests/10 cm1) in outer and middle Nordensheld Bay corresponds with values known from the open Barents Sea. However, the biomass (0.03 mg/10 cm3) is two orders of magnitude less due to smaller foraminiferal test size, which in glaciomarine sediments reflects the absence of larger species, paucity of large specimens, and high occurrence of juvenile foraminifera. The smaller size indicates an opportunistic response to environmental stress due to glacier proximity. The presence of Quinqueloculina stalkeri is diagnostic of glaciomarine environments in fjords of Novaja Zemlja and Svalbard.
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    Surface magnetic anomaly study on the eastern part of the Forlandsundet Graben (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 14 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: A surface magnetic survey was carried out by use of a proton magnetometer over wide strandflats along the eastern coast of Forlandsundet, western Spitsbergen, to decipher subsurface structures and lithologies. Distinctive linear high-anomaly segments and zones were recognised on the magnetic anomaly maps. These zones coincide well with the eastern marginal fault of the Tertiary Forlandsundet Graben and associated faults north of St Jonsfjorden, while they reflect bedrock lithologies in the south. The high-anomaly segments, which constitute the zones, are locally aligned in a left-stepping, en echelon arrangement within the zones, indicating a dextral transpressional stress regime on the eastern marginal fault of the graben during a certain time. Sudden termination and bends of the segments define a later transverse fault system.
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    The depositional environment of the Laptev Sea continental margin: Preliminary results from the R/v polarstern ARK IX-4 cruise (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 14 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Marine geological investigations were performed across the Laptev Sea continental shelf and slope. Thirty sampling sites were selected covering a depth range of ca 3500 m. Maximum core recovery was 9 m. PARASOUND sub-bottom profiling was used for site surveying and provided important information on the depositional environment of the continental margin together with sedimentological and stratigraphical investigations.Undisturbed horizontal layering of the sea-floor sediments is a common feature for the Laptev Sea shelf. There is no indication for glaciation of the broad shelf region during the Last Glacial, since moraine deposits are missing. However, a high number of plough marks in places points to recent to sub-recent ice-erosion which has led to an intensive sediment reworking on the shelf. Several broadly incised river channels recorded near the shelf edge are related to Pleistocene drainage systems of large Siberian rivers which cut into the dry shelves during the Last Glacial Maximum and were subsequently filled during the Holocene. During the Last Glacial we therefore suspect a significant freshwater contribution from the Eurasian continent to the Arctic Oceans.The composition of the normally consolidated core sediments indicates a strong flux of terrigenous material, which is mainly provided by the Siberian rivers. Currents distributing the suspension load and sea ice are supposedly major agents transporting sediments across the shelf to the central arctic deep sea basin.Sediment cores from the upper and middle continental slope exhibit only minor lithological changes. Bioturbated, fine-grained sediments with high organic carbon contents dominate. The presence of free hydrogen sulphide gas within the sediment column indicates that an intense decay of organic matter under reducing conditions is taking place. Sedimentation rates are estimated to be ca. 50 cm/1000 years at the upper slope of the western Laptev Sea, being approximately 10 times higher than at the continental rise. The suboxic to anoxic environment diminishes at deep sea sites of the western Laptev Sea, where sedimentation rates and influx of organic matter are reduced.
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    Nocturnal hypothermia and its energetic significance for small birds living in the arctic and subarctic regions. A review (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 1 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Nocturnal hypothermia is demonstrated in a number of small northern birds. These birds utilize hypothermia rant among other energy-saving mechanisms and lower the body temperature by some 10°C. In most bird species hypothermia is utilized only in conjunction with a state of inanition. However, hypothermia has also been demonstrated in birds with satisfactory feeding conditions and body weight. For none of the small northern birds utilizing nocturnal hypothermia, is inanition necessary for the induction of a state of hypothermia. A seasonal effect on the hypothermic response has been demonstrated for two species of tits, the black-capped chickadee Parus atricapillus and the willow tit Parus montanus, and also for an Andean hummingbird. The depth of hypothermia achieved significantly and linearly was correlated with the ambient temperature for the same two species of tits. By the use of nocturnal hypothermia, birds living in temperate zones can save as much as 75% of their energetic costs, compared with their energy consumption at normal body temperature. The reduction in the nightly expenditure of energy is considerable also in small-sized arctic and subarctic birds that utilize nocturnal hypothermia. The saving of energetic costs may easily represent the margin between life and death for such small birds living under the combined stresses of hunger, cold and long nights.
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    Hydrographic and current measurements in the Fram Strait, August 1981 (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 1 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: The hydrographic (CTD) observations and pendulum current measurements obtained with M/S ‘Lance’ in August 1981 in the area west and north of Spitsbergen, are presented. The warm and saline northward flow, known as the West Spitsbergen Current, is found to follow the shelf break. In the Fram Strait the hydrographic structure is complicated because of eddies and other transient movements. The current measurements suggest a two-layer structure where the velocity vector rotates in opposite directions in the two layers with a period near the semidiurnal tidal period.
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    Karstic surface in the Lower Permian sabkha sequence of the Gipshuken Formation, central Spitsbergen, Svalbard (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 1 (1983), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Some unusual karst structures occur in the upper part of the evaporite-dominated sequence of the Gipshuken Formation. This Lower Permian unit is characterized by interbedded anhydrite and dolomites, and is now interpreted in terms of superimposed sabkha cycles. The karst structures are found in the inner Part of Skansdalen in Dickson Land, and have not yet been observed elsewhere in corresponding horizons in Svalbard. These structures, often seen as linked hemispheroids, consist of almost pure anhydrite and are here interpreted as representing the remnants of consolidated sabkhas; the original sabkha plain was flooded and partly dissolved, and abandoned channels between the hemispheroidal structures were then filled with sediments of later sabkha cycle. The younger sediments which fill the relief between and above the structures contain small enterolithic folds which indicate primary formed anhydrite. Anhydrite is still the most common subsurface mineral in these sulphatic deposits, and there is no evidence of gravitational or tectonic movements within these beds.
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    Arrival and pre-nesting period of the snow bunting Plectrophenax nivalis in East Greenland (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 1 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: The first snow bunting males arrive in Northeast Greenland in early April, 6-8 weeks before nesting and 2-4 weeks ahead of the females. At this time temperatures regularly reach −25 to −30°C and snow storms may rage for days. The living conditions during this long-lasting pre-nesting period and its possible function are described and discussed. Based on 781 birds caught, .ringed, and measured, and on observations on phenology, diurnal rhythm, night roosts, etc., it is shown that the age ratio in males is close to 50/50 first living year/adults, that adult males arrive and occupy territories earlier than first year males, that first-year males have shorter wings and are leaner than adult males, that the birds lose weight during spells of inclement weather early in the season, that diurnal rhythm is apparently governed by direct insolation, that males apparently greatly outnumber females in the populations, and that competition for the optimal territories is probably the selective force behind the prolonged pre-nesting period in males.
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    Census of seabird colonies on Nordaustlandet, Svalbard, and in neighbouring localities in 1978 and 1979 (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 1 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Seabird colonies were censused during the summer expedition of Norsk Polarinstitutt to Nordaustlandet, Svalbard, in 1978 and 1979, and to Kongsøya in 1979. An outline is given of the distribution of the species together with an estimate of the number of breeding pairs in the colonies. Twentv-five colonies were censused; seven were visited both years. Four colonies with more than 1,000 breeding pairs of the most abundant species, Briinnich's guillemot and kittiwake, were found on Nordaustlandet.
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    Glaciomarine sediments and suspended particulate matter, Weddell Sea Shelf, Antarctica (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 1 (1983), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Samples of glaciomarine sediments and suspended matter from the eastern and central Weddell Sea Shelf were collected during the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition (NARE) in 1978/79. Ice-rafted clastic materials are in general the main sediment sources. On the eastern shelf, biogenic materials are abundant (sponges and bryozoan debris). Fine-grained materials, clastic and bioclastic, are additionally supported as fecal aggregates and by currents. The composition of the bottom sediments shows only small variations laterally and within the profiles. Dissolution of the biogenic materials appears to be slight. The suspended matter is dominated by fine silt and clay particles of clastic, biogenic (mainly diatoms) and authigenic (Fe, Mg-rich silicates) origin. Metalliferous particles (Fe, Ti, Zn, Cr, Ni-rich) of possibly anthropogenic and/or cosmic origin are observed. On the upper continental slope and the outer shelf the sedimentation rates are in the range of 2–5 cm/1000 years, which are slightly higher than for the rest of the shelf. The bioclastic glaciomarine deposits grade southward into bioclastic free sediments, showing that glaciomarine deposits outside an ice shelf may form a sequence of alternating bioclastic-rich and bioclastic-free layers. Similarly, late Precambrian carbonate tillite sequences, especially in the case of thin carbonate layers interbedded with tillite layers, may reflect variations in glaciomarine facies rather than interglacial/glacial cycles.
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    The Cyathaspids of the Red Bay Group (Lower Devonian) of Spitsbergen (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 1 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Description and validation of the cyathaspids (Vertebrata, Heterostraci) from the Red Bay Group of Spitsbergen, previously introduced and/or described by Riser (1930, 1932) and Kiær & A. Heinz (1935). The following species are defined: Dinaspidella robusta; Irregulareaspis hoeli, I. mirabilis n. sp.; Poraspis polaris, P. brevis, P. rostrata; Homalaspidella nitida; Anglaspis insignis, A. heintzi n. sp., A. elongata n. sp.; Ctenaspis dentata and C. cancellala. The biostratigraphy of these taxa is briefly reviewed. The Spitsbergen cyathaspids are mainly compared with the Canadian Arctic forms, for one of which the new name Dinaspidella elizabethae is introduced. □Spitsbergen, Lower Devonian, Cyathaspidiformes (Agnatha), systematic revision, new taxa.
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    The Barents Sea ice sheet - a sedimentological discussion (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 1 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Sediment sampling and shallow seismic profiling in the western and northern Barents Sea show that the bedrock in regions with less than 300 m water depth is unconformably overlain by only a thin veneer (〈10 m) of sediments. Bedrock exposures are probably common in these areas. The sediments consist of a Holocene top unit, 0.1–1.5 m in thickness, grading into Late Weichselian glaciomarine sediments. Based on average sedimentation rates (14C-dating) of the Holocene sediments, the transition between the two units is estimated to 10,000–12,000 B.P. The glaciomarine sediments are commonly 1–3 m in thickness and underlain by stiff pebbly mud, interpreted as till and/or glaciomarine sediments overrun by a glacier. In regions where the water depth is over 300 m the sediment thickness increases, exceeding 500 m near the shelf edge at the mouth of Bjørnøyrenna. In Bjømøyrenna itself the uppermost 15–20 m seem to consist of soft glaciomarine sediments underlain by a well-defined reflector, probably the surface of the stiff pebbly mud. Local sediment accumulations in the form of moraine ridges and extensive glaciomarine deposits (20–60m in thickness) are found at 250–300m water depth, mainly in association with submarine valleys. Topographic highs, probably moraine ridges, are also present at the shelf edge. Based on the submarine morphology and sediment distribution, an ice sheet is believed to have extended to the shelf edge at least once during the Pleistocene. Spitsbergenbanken and the northern Barents Sea have also probably been covered by an ice sheet in the Late Weichselian. Lack of suitable organic material in the glacigenic deposits has prevented precise dating. Based on the regional geology of eastern Svalbard, a correlation of this younger stage with the Late Weichselian is indicated.
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    Karst and karstification in gypsiferous beds in Mathiesondalen, Central Spitsbergen, Svalbard (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 1 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Recent karst forms in gypsiferous beds are reported from Mathiesondalen in Central Spitsbergen, where several sinkholes (dolines) and swallow holes have been formed after the deposition of Holocene raised beach sediments. The bedrock of the area is mostly interbedded gypsum/anhydrite and dolomites of the Carboniferous Ebbadalen Formation.
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    Guest Editorial by V.L. Barsukov (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 8 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.1984.tb01068.x
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    comité de rédaction - board of editors (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 8 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
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    1984 Compilation of Working Values and Sample Description for 170 International Reference Samples Of Mainly Silicate Rocks and Minerals (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 8 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: 1984 compilation of working values and sample description for 170 international reference samples of mainly silicate rocks end minerals.Working values and sample description for 170 international rock and mineral reference samples are presented in B7 pages, with 14 pages for the main text and 73 pages for the four appendices. Appendix I presents working values for 170 reference samples in 19 pages, each page containing data on 10 samples, in general. Data on each sample are given in five colored blocks, the first block for 15 major and minor elements and the other four for 66 trace elements, whenever such data were available. Working values for each element are arranged, in ascending order, in Appendix II (39 pages). Brief sample description of each sample (numbered 001 to 170) and References form respectively Appendix III and IV. This compilation is published as a special issue of Geostandards Newsletter (July 19841, with the financial support of UNESCO and the International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉RESUMECompilation (1984) des valeurs de travail et la description dea échantillms pour 170 échantillms internationaux de référence principalement des roches silicatées et des minéraux.Des valeurs de travail (“working values”) et la description des échantillons pour 170 échantillons internationaux de roches et minéraux sont présentés dens 87 pages avec 14 pages pour le texte principal et 73 pages pour les quatre annexes. L'Annexe I contient des valeurs de travail pour 170 échantillons de référence réparties sup 19 pages, avec cheque page en générale, contenent des données sup dix échantillons. Les données sur cheque échantillon sont consignées dens cinq blocs coloriés, le premier bloc pour 15 éléments majeurs et mineurs et les quatre autres pour 66 éléments en traces. Lea valeurs de travail pour cheque élément sont présentées, dens l'ordre ascendant, dens 1'Annexe II (39 pages). Une description brève dc cheque échantillon, numéroté de 001 à 170, et les Références forment respectivement 1'Annexe III et IV. Cette compilation est publiée comme un numéro special du Geostandards Newsletter (Juillet 1984), avec le concours financier de l'UNESCO et l'Association Internationale de la Géochimie et Cosmochimie.
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    U, As and W in USGS Manganese Nodule Standards Nod-A-1 and Nod-P-1 (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 8 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: New analytical data on three elements are presented for the two USGS manganese nodule reference materials, Nod-A-1 and Nod-P-1. Arsenic and tungsten were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis, and uranium by delayed-néutron counting.
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    Determination of Boron in 35 International Geochemical Reference Materials by Thermal Neutron Capture Prompt Gamma-ray Spectrometry (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 8 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Concentrations of boron in 35 silicate reference materials are measured by thermal neutron capture gamma-ray spectrometry. Results are compared for NBS, USGS, and CCRMP reference materials with values from the literature. The use of two prompt gamma facilities at Los Alamos are discussed.
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    Three Marine Sediment Reference Samples: SDO-1, SDO-2 and SDO-3 (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 8 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The study of three marine sediments is the first in a series of reference samples to be developed for characterizing the bottom sediments of the Pacific Ocean and the Red Sea. The three samples were certified for their contents of major, minor and some trace elements. These values were assigned on the basis of statistical processing of the data obtained from an interlaboratory experiment conducted with the use of physical, physico-chemical and chemical methods of analysis. The Soviet, Czechoslovakian and Bulgarian laboratories took part in the interlaboratory experiment.
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    Simple Spectrophotometric Determination of Ferrous Iron in Twelve French Geochemical Reference Standards (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 8 (1984), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Iron (II) oxide in silicate rocks can readily be measured after digestion with HF and HCl by reaction with KI and KIO3. The iodine produced during the digestion is trapped in CCl4 and measured at 512 nm spectrophotometrically. Results for ten accepted and two new geochemical reference standards are presented.
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    Report (1984) on Two GIT-IWG Geochemical Reference Samples: Albite from Italy, AL-I And Iron Formation Sample from Greenland, IF-G (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 8 (1984), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Two reference samples, Albite AL-I and Iron Formation sample IF-G were analysed for their chemical composition by the International Working Group “Analytical Standards of Minerals, Ores and Rocks” (GIT-IWG). AL-I was processed in 189 kg and IF-G and 760 kg. 103 GIT-IWG laboratories participated in this collaborative study along with 171 geoanalysts. This study lasted 15 months (September 1982 - December 1983) and is the second undertaken by the GIT-IWG. Over 2400 units of data were collated. As a result of this international study, the major and minor elements have been well characterized in both the samples; however, more data on trace elements will be very welcome for a better definition of trace elements, although working values have been proposed for about forty trace elements in each sample. The first and the second collaborative studies undertaken by GIT-IWG demonstrate well the immense analytical potential of the GIT-IWG.
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  • 74
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    Seven Standard Ore Samples of Uranium, Thorium and Radium Prepared by The Bureau of Uranium Geology (China) (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 7 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: In 1978, seven uranium ore reference samples were prepared by the Bureau of Uranium Geology (China). The processing of these samples, prepared in the range of 220–370 kg, is briefly presented along with their general chemical composition. Analytical procedures employed for the determination of U, Th and Ra are briefly discussed. Recommended values are proposed for U, Th and Ra in the seven reference samples.
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    Estimation of Material Variation In Powdered Materials (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 7 (1983), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Measures of material variation (state of homogeneity) for reference materials of powdered rocks, minerals, and ores are examined critically.It is shown that the customary analysis of variance concluding with the F-test is not a satisfactory method for the analysis of the analytical data obtained in a homogeneity experiment. It is argued that an estimation approach is more appropriate.Examples are given of values calculated from reference-material data, together with an explanation of how the results can be interpreted.
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    Reproducibility Tests for INAA Determinations With AGV-I, BCR-I and GSP-I and New Data For 17 Geochemical Reference Materials (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 6 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: During 1975–1977, the USGS reference rocks GSP-1, BCR-1 and from 1977 onwards AGV-1 have been systematically analysed in routine INAA as test samples. The results are given for up to 26 elements per sample and the reliability of our setup is demonstrated. For further 17 geochemical reference samples, new results are presented and compared with available data.
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    Molybdenum and Tungsten Contents of Five CRPG and Eight ANRT Geochemical Reference Materials (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 6 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Mo and W have been determined in five CRPG and eight ANRT geochemical reference samples by spectrophotometric - zinc dithiol procedures. Although data are lacking for adequate comparisons on most samples, our data for tungsten in GIT-IWG MA-N and GIT-IWG BE-N are very near the presently proposed values.
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    The Rejection of RU-l Due to Ambient Oxidation (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 6 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The history of a zinc-copper sulfide ore, RU-1, is presented to show quantitatively the serious effects of ambient oxidation on unprotected samples that led to its rejection for inued use as a reference material. It is shown that pyrrhotite, sphalerite and chalcopyrite are much more susceptible to oxidation than is pyrite, the major constituent. The preparation of another sample, RU-2, from the same ore body verifies that oxidation also occurs to an appreciable extent during the preparation stages.
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    Reply to “Comment on Two New Carbonate Stable Isotope Standards” (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 6 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
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    Report (1967–1981) on Four ANRT Rock Reference Samples: Diorite DR-N, Serpentine UB-N, Bauxite BX-N and Disthene DT-N (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 6 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: All data reported by 200 analysts (106 laboratories) are presented for the four ANRT samples: Diorite DR-N, Serpentine UB-N, Bauxite BX-N and Disthène DT-N. Recommended values are given for the major and minor elements. As far as the as trace elements are concerned, DR-N has been characterized for 35 elements whereas the other three samples have been for only 20 elements. Wherever possible, brief comments have been inserted so as to explain our way of assigning recommended or proposed values.After more than a decade of existence the total number of data reported for all the four samples reach only 3200 units which are not sufficient enough for a valid evaluation of compiled data. It is also pointed out that these samples are most likely to be available even during the next century as they have been prepared in large quantities of the order of one ton. A plea is therefore made for contribution of more data particularly for trace elements and for major elements which are present as trace elements in UB-N, BX-N and DT-N.
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    Microprobe Column (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 6 (1982), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
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    Two New Carbonate Stable-Isotope Standards (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 6 (1982), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Two new carbonate isotope standards have been prepared for distribution by the IAEA and NBS. The first, TS limestone, NBS #19, will substitute for PDB, while the second carbonate, NBS #18 is depleted in 18O and 13C compared to the first.
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    Uranium, Thorium and Potassium In Reference Samples (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 5 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Coherent values of U, Th and K concentrations obtained by γ-spectrometry are recommended for 43 international rock reference samples.
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    Mass Spectrometric Isotope Dilution Determination of K, Rb, Cs, Ba and Sr In Five Geochemical Reference Samples (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 5 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: A modified isotope dilution technique is described which has resulted in significant reduction of the time required for the determination of alkali (K, Rh and Cs) and alkaline earth (Ba and Sr) elements. The precision and accuracy of the results are shown to be quite satisfactory in measurements on the geochemical reference samples G-2, BCR-1, AN-G, BE-N and MA-N.
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    Multi-Element Analysis of Fifty-Four Geochemical Reference Samples Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 5 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) has been applied for simultaneous, multielement analysis of a diverse suite of igneous rocks and minerals, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, coals and soils using a single matrix calibration procedure and a single sample preparation. Analytical results determined on 40 elements in 54 geochemical reference samples are presented. A sample analysis time of about three minutes allows the analyst to run several hundred samples per day, but does not include sample dissolution. The instrumental method described here provides the capability for rapid, simultaneous, multielement determination of the major (except silica), minor, and trace elements in rocks using a single sample preparation technique. Analytical data collected on the Geochemical Reference Samples (GRS) demonstrate the general utility of the method. Analytical results show an excellent agreement with previously published results for the major and minor elements. Of the 28 trace elements studied, 17 can be routinely determined in crustal rocks, but the concentration of several of the others can be determined only if present at concentrations several times above their crustal-abundance level.
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    Determination of Niobium and Yttrium in GSJ Basalt JB-1 by Photon Activation Analysis (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 5 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: New data on Nb and Y in GSJ Basalt JB-1 obtained by photon activation analysis with 30 MeV bremsstrahlung are presented and compared with literature values.
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    XRF Determination of 19 Trace Elements In International Geochemical Reference Samples (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 5 (1981), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Routine XRF determination of 19 trace elements in 23 international standards using the method of Leake et al is examined. Agreement of results for 15 well-established international reference samples is generally good, showing that this method gives comparable results to other techniques. New trace element data using this method are presented for the 8 USGS III standards.
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  • 88
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    Electronic Resource
    Additional Analytical Data for Gabbro, GOG-1 (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 5 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Additional data for gabbro, GOG-1, were determined by instrumental-neutron-activation analysis, atomic-absorption spectrometry, and semi-quantitative spectrographic analysis. F ratios calculated in the analysis of variance for 26 sets of data for elements determined by the three methods were not significant, and hence the elements are distributed homogeneously among the bottles. The agreement between our data and the averages previously published ranges from very good to poor. More analytical data are necessary to establish reliable estimates of the concentrations of elements in GOG-1 and in two other gabbros so that three gabbros may be available to geochemists for use as standards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.1981.tb00318.x
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  • 89
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    Letter to the Editor (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 5 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.1981.tb00330.x
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  • 90
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    Electronic Resource
    GeostandaRef Corner: Geochemical Reference Sample Bibliography for 1979 and 1980 (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 5 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.1981.tb00329.x
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  • 91
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    Letter to the Editor (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 5 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.1981.tb00331.x
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  • 92
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    Electronic Resource
    Letter to the Editor (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 5 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.1981.tb00333.x
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  • 93
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    MARINE SEDIMENT REFERENCE MATERIALS TRACE METALS AND INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 5 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.1981.tb00334.x
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  • 94
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    Electronic Resource
    The H2O+ Contents of Some Geochemical Standards Predicted by a Calibration Line (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 5 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The combined water (H2O+) in 30 geochemical standards having known and unknown water contents was determined by an elemental analyzer on 1 day during each of 6 weeks over a period of several months. The analysis of variance of the data measured in the form of a Youden square shows an extremely significant variation due to some unknown cause during the weeks in which the data were obtained. The higher water contents of the first two sets were obtained in the fall season when this area (Reston, Va.) has high and variable humidity, whereas the last four sets were measured during winter months. Humidity, however, was not included as a variable in the design and was not measured.The first two of three average blanks for H2O+, measured after determining H2O+ contents of about 11 percent for two samples, are noticeably higher than the third average blank. Similarly, the first of two average blanks for H2O+, measured after determining the H2O+ content (4.70 percent) of PCC-1, is higher than the second. Data for the last 4 weeks were used to calculate the line of regression and the extremely significant correlation coefficient. The line is used to predict suggested revisions of the “best” H2O+ contents of the standards.Coefficients of variation calculated from the data for the last 4 weeks indicate that there is no severe sampling problem due to the small sample size (20 mg) taken for the determinations. The coefficients follow the general trend of large coefficients for samples containing the least amount of the constituent (BHVO-1: x̄= 11.76% H2O+; C.V. = 7.3%) and of small coefficients for samples containing the greatest amount (BX-N: x̄= 11.76% H2O+; C.V. = 0.4%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.1981.tb00301.x
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  • 95
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    Corrections (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 5 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.1981.tb00313.x
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trace Metal Speciation of USGS Reference Sample MAG-I (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 4 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The USGS reference sample marine mud MAG-1 has been subjected to a sequential extraction procedure designed to partition the constituent trace metals into five fractions: I-exchangeable; II- bound to carbonates; III-bound to Fe-Mn oxides; IV- bound to organic matter; V- residual. The analytical approach involved successive chemical extractions and the subsequent determination of trace metal concentrations (Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn; Fe, Mn) in the leachates by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The chemical speciation results obtained on four replicate sub-samples demonstrate that the coefficients of variation for metal concentrations in the individual fractions are generally better than + 10%. Comparison with published values for total trace metal concentrations in the MAG-1 sample suggests that the overall accuracy of the chemical extraction procedure is satisfactory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.1980.tb00279.x
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  • 97
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    Electronic Resource
    Détermination des Eléments Mineurs et Traces Dans les Végétaux par Activation Neutronique (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 4 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: L'activation neutronique a été appliquée à l'analyse des échantillons végétaux de référence préparés par le Comité Inter-Instituts pour l'analyse foliaire. Les éléments suivants: Al, Ba, Br, Cr, Cs, Mn, La, Th qui intéressent en particulier la prospection géochimique ont ainsi été déterminés sur 13 échantillons. Les conditions analytiques sont données; la précision et la justesse sont discutées. Des comparaisons avec des résultats obtenus par d'autres méthodes sont données pour certains éléments (Mn, Al).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.1980.tb00282.x
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Delayed-Neutron Activation Determination Of Uranium in Twelve Rock Reference Standards (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 4 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The uranium content of twelve rock reference samples, five from the Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology, four from the Czechoslovakian Institute of Mineral Raw Materials and three from the United States Geological Survey was determined by neutron activation followed by delayed-neutron counting. Uranium contents measured ranged from 0.20 to 560 ppm. Three of the Canadian samples have relatively well established uranium contents. Of these we agree well with two of them; our value on the third is ∼13% lower than the recommended value. Comparison of our data on the other samples with other researchers is not yet possible because (i) no determinations are yet reported on several of these samples and (ii) even when several reported values are available, the wide disparity of those values does not allow meaningful comparison.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.1980.tb00281.x
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    corrections (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 4 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.1980.tb00296.x
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Need for an Iron-Formation Reference Sample (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geostandards and geoanalytical research 4 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-908X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: An international iron-formation reference sample is warranted as a basis for geochemical investigations of Precambrian iron-formations. A better knowledge of the geochemistry of iron formations will hopefully elucidate the long standing discussion on the genesis of iron-formations. The reference sample can furthermore be used in studies of deep-sea metalliferous deposits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.1980.tb00267.x
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