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  • 2020-2020
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  • 2015-2019  (10,004)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Verweilzeitberechnung ist eine sehr anschauliche Methode zur Bewertung der Geschütztheit einer Wasserfassung oder eines Grundwasserleiters. Sie berücksichtigt alle relevanten Einflussfaktoren und ist aus Sicht der Autoren anderen Verfahren zur Geschütztheitsbewertung vorzuziehen. Es wird eine Methode vorgestellt, mit der die Geschütztheit der Wasserfassungen im Raum Pasewalk bewertet wurde und die auch landesweit anwendbar ist. Die methodischen Grundlagen von Verweilzeitberechnungen werden untersucht und spezifiziert und es erfolgt eine Diskussion der Interpolationsmöglichkeiten.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Sickerwasser ; Verweilzeit ; Sickerstrecke ; Grundwasserflurabstand ; DIN 19732 ; Grundwasserneubildung ; Grundwasserüberdeckung ; Grundwassergeschütztheit ; Verweilzeitberechnung
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The results indicate that every bromeliad tank is a unique island with respect to its resident microbial community. The presence of methanogens and active methanotrophs in all tank slurries further indicates the potential for both methane formation and methane oxidation.
    Description: Max Planck Gesellschaft; LOEWE (Synmicro) Programm der hessischen Landesregierung zur Entwicklung wissenschaftlicher-ökonomischer Exzellenz
    Description: research
    Keywords: 631.4 ; VOB 000 ; Bodenökologie ; Bromeliad ; Bacteria ; Archaea ; Methanogens ; Methanotrophs ; Methane oxidation
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die quantitative Landschaftsökologie beschäftigt sich mit der räumlichen Abgrenzung von Landschaftsstrukturen auf unterschiedlichen räumlichen Skalen sowie mit den dort beobachtbaren Wechselwirkungen zwischen der belebten und unbelebten Umwelt. Obwohl die Landschaftsökologie in ihrem Ursprung eine terrestrisch orientierte Fachdisziplin ist, sollten deren Methoden auch auf den aquatischen Bereich übertragbar sein, denn auch hier existieren in Abhängigkeit der topografischen, hydrografischen und sedimentologischen Voraussetzungen in sich homogene Lebensraumstrukturen, die man als Landschaften auffassen kann. Ein sich entwickelnder Bedarf an geeigneten planerischen Methoden und Konzepten im marinen Umweltmonitoring ergibt sich aus aktuellem Anlass: Am 17. Juni 2008 wurde die Meeresstrategie-Rahmenrichtlinie (MSRL) durch Beschluss des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates in der Europäischen Union eingeführt. Die MSRL zielt auf eine umweltgerechte Bewirtschaftung der Meere ab und strebt die Erlangung eines Guten Umweltzustands in den europäischen Meeren bis 2020 an. Mit der Richtlinie erhöhen sich die Anforderungen an die Planung und Überwachung des Zustands der marinen Gewässer in Europa. Neben einer Anfangsbewertung der Meeresgebiete der Mitgliedsstaaten sowie der darauf aufbauenden Festlegung des Guten Umweltzustands anhand abiotischer und biotischer Merkmale und von Umweltzielen sollen auch Maßnahmen zur Erreichung dieser Ziele umgesetzt werden. Der Erfolg dieser Maßnahmen soll durch eine Überwachung des Zustands der Meeresgebiete begleitet werden. Entsprechende Monitoring-Programme sollen eine laufende Bewertung des Umweltzustands anhand chemisch-physikalischer und biologischer Merkmale zulassen. Im Hinblick auf die Planung landschaftsökologisch repräsentativer, auf die Optimierung von Suffizienz- und Effizienzkriterien ausgerichteter Umweltmessnetze in der deutschen Nordsee widmet sich vorliegende Habilitationsschrift der Überprüfung der Übertragbarkeit zweier Methoden der quantitativen Landschaftsökologie in den marinen Raum am Beispiel der deutschen Nordsee. Neben der datenbasierten Ableitung landschaftsökologischer Raumgliederungen für den erweiterten Bereich der deutschen Nordsee mittels statistischer Methoden steht dabei die für die Erfassung des Landschaftshaushalts landschaftsökologisch repräsentative Planung stoffbezogener Umweltmessnetze im Mittelpunkt.
    Description: Quantitative landscape ecology is concerned with the regional classification of landscape structures on various spatial scales, including the here observed interactions between the biological and abiotic environment. Despite the fact that landscape ecology has originally been a terrestrial research field, its methods should be applicable to the aquatic environment. Depending on the prevailing topographical, hydrographical, and sedimentological conditions, homogeneous benthic habitat structures, which we may be referred to as landscapes, do exist here as well. A developing demand for adequate planning methods and concepts in the field of marine environmental monitoring ensues in the light of current events. On July 17, 2008 the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) was introduced by a resolution of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. The MSFD is targeted on an environmentally sound management of European oceans and aims at achieving a Good Environmental Status (GES) for European marine waters by the year 2020. The directive increases marine planning requirements with respect to monitoring the condition of marine waters in Europe. Apart from an initial assessment of the marine areas of the member states and the ensuing determination of the GES with regard to biotic and abiotic characteristics, as well as the definition of environmental objectives, adequate measures to reach these goals shall also be implemented. The success of these measures is to be accompanied by monitoring activities with regard to the chemical, physical and biological parameters of the marine environment. The question of where to monitor is decided for and discussed within the German Marine Monitoring Programme of the federation and the federal states. Taking the extended area of the German North Sea as an example, the habilitation thesis here submitted focuses on verifying the transferability of two application areas of terrestrial quantitative landscape ecology to the marine environment in order to assist the planning of monitoring networks in Germany’s marine waters. Next to the data-based derivation of landscape ecoregionalizations by means of statistical methods, another focus is set on the landscape-ecologically representative planning of substance based environmental monitoring networks.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; QD 000 ; Physische Geographie / Landschaftsökologie ; Marine Landschaftsökologie ; Biotopkartierung ; Ökogliederung ; Multivariate Statistik ; Geostatistik ; Quantitative Landschaftsökologie
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , draft
    Format: 203 S.
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  • 4
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Der Geologische Dienst M-V sammelt und dokumentiert im Rahmen der Landesaufnahme Daten zur Geologie der Oberfläche und des Tieferen Untergrundes, zur Hydrogeologie, zur Bodenkunde sowie zur Rohstoffgeologie und wertet diese Daten unter vielfältigen Aspekten der Daseinsvorsorge aus. Als Ergebnis entstanden seit 1990 mehrere moderne Informationssysteme, Kartenwerke und andere Produkte. Neben der Publikation von analogen Karten erfolgt in den letzten Jahren verstärkt eine digitale Informationsbereitstellung in Form von digitalen Produkten; verstärkt werden auch Informationen über das Kartenportal Umwelt in der Internetpräsentation des Landesamtes veröffentlicht (www.umweltkarten.mv-regierung.de).
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Geologie ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; Landesaufnahme ; Geologische Karte ; Kartenportal Umwelt ; Bohrdatenspeicher
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: The paper presents results of multiproxy-investigations of a 3 m long sediment section from the Glowe Palaeolake, covering the period Pre-Bølling to the middle of the Preboreal. The Lateglacial and early Holocene landscape development comprising climate fluctuations, lake evolution, lake-level variations and vegetation history is reconstructed using pollen, diatom, macrofossil, molluscs as well as sedimentological and geochemical data based on 14C-dating. The palaeolake appeared due to the decay of the permafrost during the Bølling and developed in the Allerød into a 3–4 m deep, species-poor and macrophyte-rich stillwater. The submerse vegetation and fauna decreased during the Younger Dryas, but returned fast and with higher density in the Preboreal. Phases of cooler climate can be parallelized with the Gerzensee oscillation, the Younger Dryas and the Rammelbeek oscillation, which each are palynologically bipartite. In contrast, indications for the Older Dryas were only scarce. The cooler phases were characterized by intensified allochthonous clastic input into the lake. During the Younger Dryas the input was dominated by solifluction processes, while during the Allerød and the Preboreal predominantly fluvial processes occurred. The most significant changes in the palaeoecology of the lake were caused by the rapid warming at the onset of the Preboreal. During the phases of warmer climate the vegetation development was influenced by the vicinity to the Baltic Ice Lake, which caused – compared to more southerly regions – a delayed spread of Pinus. Also, the long term climate changes determined the alterations in the chemical sediment composition, the diatom flora and the macrophyte vegetation. Short term variations, which caused the closely spaced sediment layering mainly in the older part of the sediment section cannot be explained so far. The course of the outcropping stratigraphic units was used to construct a lake-level curve. It shows a rapid rise in the early Allerød and a subsequent slower rise until the highstand in the Younger Dryas. In the early Preboreal, a fast lake-level fall occurred, the palaeolake silted up and dried out in the middle of the Preboreal.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; geochemistry ; radiocarbon dating ; vegetation history ; late glacial ; pollen ; molluscs ; early holocene ; diatoms ; macrofossils ; lake sediments ; northern Central Europe ; palaeolake ; climate fluctuation ; lake-level variation
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 6
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    Geozon Science Media
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: editorial
    Keywords: 551.7
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 7
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    Geozon Science Media
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Das ehemalige Gaswerk liegt innerhalb der Stadt Neubrandenburg „Am Güterbahnhof“, umgeben von Altbausubstanz mit gewerblicher Nutzung und Wohnbebauung. Die Produktion von Stadtgas aus Steinkohle begann hier 1867. Eine Erweiterung erfolgte im Ersten Weltkrieg durch die Inbetriebnahme einer Wassergasanlage zur Streckung des Steinkohlengases, einer Benzolgewinnungsanlage und einer Sulfatfabrik. Im Zweiten Weltkrieg kam es zur Zerstörung der drei Gasbehälter und von Teilen der Bebauung. Nach 1945 wurde das Gaswerk mit einem Gasbehälter wieder aufgebaut. In den letzten Nutzungsjahren traten zahlreiche Havarien durch übergelaufene Teer- und Ammoniakgruben sowie durch verstopfte Leitungen auf. 1971 erfolgten die Stilllegung des Gaswerkes und ein teilweiser Rückbau der oberirdischen Anlagen.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Neubrandenburg ; Grundwasser ; Gaswerk ; Sanierung ; Altlast ; Kontamination ; Historie
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 8
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    Geozon Science Media
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Im Revier Waldsee, zwischen Neustrelitz und Feldberg in der Mecklenburgischen Seenplatte, sind überwiegend Bildungen des Sanders vor der Pommerschen Haupteisrandlage verbreitet. In den Sanderflächen treten vereinzelt sehr große Findlinge auf. Die zwei größten aufgefundenen Findlinge werden petrographisch beschrieben und als schützenswerte Geotope empfohlen.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Geologie ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; Findlinge ; Feldberger Seenlandschaft
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Bei dem für die Eugen-Geinitz-Sicht in Usadel ausgewählten Findling (Fundort: vermutlich Kiesgrube Siedenbüssow) handelt es sich um ein seltenes monomiktes Konglomerat, dessen Herkunft – und damit auch sein Bildungsalter – bisher nicht genau bestimmt werden kann. In einer sandigen bis feinkiesigen, rötlich-violetten Matrix befinden sich zahlreiche helle, mäßig gerundete Gesteinsbruchstücke bis 12 cm Größe aus kristallinem Quarz (Gangquarz). Konglomerate mit einer ähnlichen Zusammensetzung sind als lokale Einschaltungen in mesoproterozoischen Sandsteinen und Grauwacken an der Hohen Küste in Nordschweden bekannt und möglicherweise als isolierte Vorkommen im gesamten Verbreitungsgebiet jotnischer Rotsedimente zu finden. Aufgrund der Zusammensetzung und des relativ geringen Verfestigungsgrades kann aber auch eine Zuordnung zur klastischen Abfolge der jüngstproterozoisch-unterkambrischen Nexö-Formation Bornholms nicht völlig ausgeschlossen werden, deren basale Schichten ebenfalls unter terrestrischen, oxidativen Bedingungen abgelagert wurden.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; geschiebe ; monomiktes Konglomerat ; Nexö-Formation ; Eugen-Geinitz-Sicht ; Jotnischer Sandstein
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: The sedimentary and morphological evidence for Lateglacial glacier fluctuations in the Lienz area provides a strong case against the currently used pentapartite stratigraphic subdivision of the Alpine Lateglacial (ALG; c. 19–11.7 ka) i.e. the timespan between the Würmian Pleniglacial (= Alpine Last Glacial Maximum; AlpLGM) and the beginning of the Holocene. The results of comprehensive geological mapping (including the detection of mass movements) supported by geochronological data and pollen analysis revealed that the ALG- record of the Schobergruppe mountains and the Lienz Dolomites can be subdivided into four unconformity-bounded (allostratgraphic) units which are linked to three climatostratigraphically-defined phases of glacier activity. Delta deposits and till of local glaciers document the phase of ice-decay after the AlpLGM. Between this period and the Bølling/Allerød (B/A) interstadial only one glacier stabilisation with massive end moraines, correlated with the Gschnitz stadial, is evident. Multiple end moraines prove the presence of very active glacier tongues during the Younger Dryas aged Egesen stadial. The 10Be exposure dating of an end moraine, previously attributed to the Daun stadial (pre-B/A interstadial) based on ΔELA values, provided an age of 12.8 ± 0.6 ka indicating it is of Younger Dryas age. This case highlights the pitfalls of the commonly used ΔELA-based stratigraphic ALG subdivision and the subsequent derivation of palaeoclimatic implications. ΔELAs are still considered as a useful tool for correlation on the local scale e.g. in one mountain group with a quite comparable topography and lithology and taking into account the limitations, especially the impact of debris cover. However, our results show that a stratigraphic correlation across the whole Alpine chain via ΔELAs is not a successful approach potentially leading to bias and, eventually, to circular arguments.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; palynology ; alps ; late pleistocene ; lateglacial ; younger dryas ; geological mapping ; allostratigraphy ; climatostratigraphy ; exposure dating ; deformable bed
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Nachweise von 106 Arten der Kurzflügelkäfer in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (MV) zwischen 1989 und 2016 werden dokumentiert und diskutiert. Anhand aktueller Nachweise mit dem Autokescher wird die Verbreitung und Häufigkeit einiger Arten in MV neu bewertet. Zwei Arten sind neu für die Fauna des Bundeslandes: 〈i〉Cousya longitarsis〈/i〉 (Thomson, 1867) and 〈i〉Philonthus ebeninus〈/i〉 (Gravenhorst, 1802). Xerotherme Standorte, sandige Ufer von Fließgewässern und Salzwiesen sind in MV selten bzw. werden oftmals massiv beeinträchtigt. Diese Habitate beherbergen jedoch eine Vielzahl ökologisch anspruchsvoller Arten und sollten deshalb besonders geschützt werden.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 910 ; fauna ; rare species ; riparian species
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Blattwespen des Zoologischen Institutes der Universität Rostock, insbesondere die Sammlungen Jahn und Haupt, wurden revidiert. Das Material aus den Familien Argidae, Cephidae, Cimbicidae, Diprionidae, Orussidae, Pamphiliidae, Siricidae, Tenthredinidae und Xiphydriidae stammt aus zehn deutschen Bundesländern, hauptsächlich aus Brandenburg und Hessen. Für folgende Taxa fehlen Hinweise in den Checklisten für die jeweiligen Bundesländer in der Entomofauna Germanica (Blank et al. 2001): Für Brandenburg 〈i〉Tenthredo arcuata〈/i〉 Forster, 1771 und 〈i〉Cimbex connatus〈/i〉 (Schrank, 1776), für Hessen 〈i〉Sterictiphora angelicae〈/i〉 (Panzer, 1799) und 〈i〉Tenthredopsis tarsata〈/i〉 (Fabricius, 1804), für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 〈i〉Orussus abietinus〈/i〉 (Scopoli, 1763), für Sachsen 〈i〉Macrodiprion nemoralis〈/i〉 (Enslin, 1917), für Nordrhein-Westfalen 〈i〉Pamphilius betulae〈/i〉 Linnaeus, 1758, für Rheinland-Pfalz 〈i〉Urocerus gigas〈/i〉 Linnaeus, 1758. Daneben finden sich Einzelfunde aus Frankreich, Liechtenstein, Polen, Slowakei, Spanien und der Schweiz.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 910 ; fauna ; deutschland ; europa ; Blattwespen ; Symphyta ; Verbreitung
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Es wird ein unterkambrisches Sandsteingeschiebe von Rügen mit 14 kegelförmigen Strukturen vom Conichnus-Typ in Vergesellschaftung mit dem Spurenfossil Monocraterion vorgestellt.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; geschiebe ; Sandstein ; Bornholm ; Conichnus
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: This article presents investigations of a diverse landscape in the young moraine area of southeastern Schleswig-Holstein (Stormarn county). The northern part of the study area represents a large basin, possibly a glacier basin influenced by glaciofluvial meltwaters or by dead ice. Organic sedimentation occurred in this basin from the Late-glacial (Bölling/Alleröd interstadial complex), followed by a longer lake phase and the growth of a fen after c. 5.000 14C a B.P. The central area of the basin was formed as ice-disintegration landscape – including kames, eskers and esker-like features. Ring-like glaciofluvial landform structures are interpreted as subcircular eskers. Kettle bogs developed in the centres of these landforms from c. 5.000 14C a BP (Atlantic/Subboreal) onwards. The southern and south-eastern part of the study area represents a smoothed moraine zone, that includes a glaciotectonically influenced Saalian core of till, sand and glacilacustrine sediment. Parallel aligned gullies were predominantly formed as tunnel valleys. Some parts of the channels are infilled with glaciolacustrine clays. Several channels, asymmetric in cross-profile, were shaped by periglacial slope denudation.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; weichselian late glacial ; valley formation ; subcircular esker ; kame ; ice decay landforms
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: THESIS ABSTRACT
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; tibet ; late holocene ; glacier fluctuation
    Language: English
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: THESIS ABSTRACT
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; china ; late quaternary ; drylands ; aeolian sedimentary system
    Language: English
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: THESIS ABSTRACT
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; late quaternary ; tablelands ; Taiwan ; sedimentary process ; erosional process
    Language: English
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The “Hötting Breccia” near Innsbruck is a classic interglacial mountain-flank succession mainly comprising lithified alluvial fans and scree slopes. Directly NW of Innsbruck, a pre-LGM (Riss?) basal till 〉20 m in thickness overlies a plucked rock surface that records eastward ice flow. The till is dominated by clasts of carbonate rocks from the Northern Calcareous Alps; index clasts of the LGM ice stream are absent. The basal till is overlain by a package of conglomerate nearly 1 km in preserved lateral extent that dip at 20–30° South and show the same clast spectrum as the underlying till. The conglomerate – hitherto assigned to the Hötting Breccia – accumulated from fan deltas and/or scree slopes shed into a standing water body; it is overlain by younger, unlithified LGM to Holocene deposits. We suggest the following scenario: During decay of the ice stream that formed the basal till, the conglomerate package was deposited by paraglacial reworking of till into a lake or ice-marginal lake. The alluvial fans of the Hötting Breccia accumulated independently from the conglomerate package, and from a distinct alluvial-fan system. The age relation of the till/conglomerate package to the main part of the Hötting Breccia is unclear. Our results demonstrate that the rocks hitherto summarized as Hötting Breccia represent a compound of lithosomes of different origins and ages.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; quaternary ; interglacial ; alps ; till ; conglomerate ; Hötting Breccia ; index clasts
    Language: English
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Ausgehend von der Gesamtheit der Siedlungen auf der dänischen Ostseeinsel Falster zwischen 1250 und 1682 wird die historische Siedlungsstrukturgenese dieses Raumes untersucht. Es werden die Steuerfaktoren der regionalen Differenzierung und zeitlichen Entwicklung des Siedlungsmusters anhand der Merkmale der Siedlungen herausgearbeitet. Dabei wird auf quantitativ-statistische Methoden zurückgegriffen.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; ska 439$jNordische Staaten$jSiedlung$jGeschichte 1520-1800 ; QGC 220 ; QEN 230 ; Teilregionen von Dänemark {Geographie} ; Strukturveränderungen ländlicher Siedlungen {Siedlungsgeographie} ; Falster ; Siedlungsgeschichte
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , submittedVersion
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Express Report
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; geomorphology ; late glacial ; airborne LiDAR ; northern Brandenburg ; digital elevation modelling ; Salt Tectonic ; Laacher Tephra
    Language: English
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Internationally, the description and interpretation of glacial sediments and landforms largely follow a set of uniform guidelines and terminology. Sediments are normally described according to their lithofacies characteristics (e.g. diamicton, sorted sands), and only after closer inspection and investigation are genetic terms applied (e.g. till, glaciofluvial outwash). Mixing of sedimentological and geomorphological terminology does not occur. In German-speaking countries, however, the term moraine is used for glaciogenic sediments and landforms such as end moraines and also adopted for till plains (“ground moraine landscapes”, “old/young morainic landscapes” etc.). Similar traditions of the latter kind are sometimes found as a relict in Scandinavian texts, and an equally profound mixing of terms is found in much of the French literature. The authors argue here that this mixture not only leads to unnecessary confusion for students but also makes international communication more difficult, especially when the terminological inconsistencies are as extensive and non-systematic as in the German community at present. The present paper presents a systematic overview of the state-of-the-art of till terminology, thereby providing the necessary background information for a useful description and interpretation of field evidence for communicating results in German and hopefully aiding more efficient communication of German Quaternary geologists and geomorphologists internationally. The aim is to provide a sedimentological terminology that is in agreement with international standards and can readily be distinguished from geomorphological vocabulary. The authors recommend that usage of the term ground moraine, for example, is restricted to certain landform associations encountered in NW Central Europe, and excluded from use when discussing sediments. For primary glaciogenic sediments sensu stricto the term till should be used only where appropriate sedimentological evidence exists. A process-based subdivision of till types (e.g. deformation, lodgement till) is not useful in most cases, because as a community we do not have the tools to reliably distinguish such processes at a macro-scale. This recognition has led to the creation of the highly useful umbrella term subglacial traction till and its distinction from overridden primary sediments that are termed glaciotectonite. The present contribution translates the older terminology to the internationally-accepted terminology that follows the scientifically-robust approach of splitting descriptive terminology – based on a lithofacies approach (e.g. diamicton) – from the latter interpretative stage (e.g. subglacial traction till, debris flow deposit). The authors present translations of the different till schemes that have existed through time and link these to the current state of the art, citing several examples and clear diagnostic criteria to distinguish various types of diamictic sediments. This contribution stresses that the majority of diamictons encountered in glacial environments, especially in ice-marginal settings, are not usually and certainly not automatically subglacial traction tills.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; grundmoräne ; quartärgeologie ; moräne ; sedimentologie ; terminologie ; sedimentology ; till ; moraines ; diamicton ; glacial sediments ; Quaternary Geology ; subglazialer Traktionstill ; glaziale Sedimente ; Diamikton ; Lithofaziesaufnahme ; subglacial traction till ; debris flow ; lithofacies approach
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2022-10-07
    Description: Specialization in agricultural systems can lead to trade-offs between economic gains and ecosystem functions. We suggest and explore a conceptual framework in which economic gains can be maximized when production activities are specialized at increasingly broader scales (from the household to the village, region or above), particularly when markets for outputs and inputs function well. Conversely,more specialization likely reduces biodiversity and significantly limits ecosystem functions. When agricultural specialization increases and moves to broader scales as a result of improved infrastructure and markets or other drivers, ecosystem functions can also be endangered at broader spatial scales. Policies to improve agricultural incomes may influence the level of specialization at different scales and thus affect the severity of the trade-offs. This paper takes Jambi province in Indonesia, a current hotspot of rubber and oil palm monoculture, as a case study to illustrate these issues.We empirically show that the level of specialization differs across scales with higher specialization at household and village levels and higher diversification towards the province level. We discuss ways to resolve trade-offs between economic gains and ecological costs, including landscape design, targeted policies, and adoption of longterm perspectives.
    Keywords: ddc:634
    Language: English
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2022-10-07
    Description: Conversions of natural ecosystems, e.g., from rain forests to managed plantations, result in significant changes in the hydrological cycle including periodic water scarcity. In Indonesia, large areas of forest were lost and extensive oil palm plantations were established over the last decades. We conducted a combined social and environmental study in a region of recent land-use change, the Jambi Province on Sumatra. The objective was to derive complementary lines of arguments to provide balanced insights into environmental perceptions and eco-hydrological processes accompanying land-use change. Interviews with villagers highlighted concerns regarding decreasing water levels in wells during dry periods and increasing fluctuations in stream flow between rainy and dry periods. Periodic water scarcity was found to severely impact livelihoods, which increased social polarization. Sap flux measurements on forest trees and oil palms indicate that oil palm plantations use as much water as forests for transpiration. Eddy covariance analyses of evapotranspiration over oil palm point to substantial additional sources of evaporation in oil palm plantations such as the soil and epiphytes. Stream base flow from a catchment dominated by oil palms was lower than from a catchment dominated by rubber plantations; both showed high peaks after rainfall. An estimate of erosion indicated approximately 30 cm of topsoil loss after forest conversion to both oil palm and rubber plantations. Analyses of climatic variables over the last 20 years and of a standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index for the last century suggested that droughts are recurrent in the area, but have not increased in frequency or intensity. Consequently, we assume that conversions of rain forest ecosystems to oil palm plantations lead to a redistribution of precipitated water by runoff, which leads to the reported periodic water scarcity. Our combined social and environmental approach points to significant and thus far neglected eco-hydrological consequences of oil palm expansion.
    Description: Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2016
    Keywords: ddc:333.7
    Language: English
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2022-10-07
    Description: Oil palm plantations have expanded rapidly in recent decades. This large-scale land-use change has had great ecological, economic, and social impacts on both the areas converted to oil palm and their surroundings. However, research on the impacts of oil palm cultivation is scattered and patchy, and no clear overview exists. We address this gap through a systematic and comprehensive literature review of all ecosystem functions in oil palm plantations, including several (genetic, medicinal and ornamental resources, information functions) not included in previous systematic reviews. We compare ecosystem functions in oil palm plantations to those in forests, as the conversion of forest to oil palm is prevalent in the tropics. We find that oil palm plantations generally have reduced ecosystem functioning compared to forests: 11 out of 14 ecosystem functions show a net decrease in level of function. Some functions show decreases with potentially irreversible global impacts (e.g. reductions in gas and climate regulation, habitat and nursery functions, genetic resources, medicinal resources, and information functions). The most serious impacts occur when forest is cleared to establish new plantations, and immediately afterwards, especially on peat soils. To variable degrees, specific plantation management measures can prevent or reduce losses of some ecosystem functions (e.g. avoid illegal land clearing via fire, avoid draining of peat, use of integrated pest management, use of cover crops, mulch, and compost) and we highlight synergistic mitigation measures that can improve multiple ecosystem functions simultaneously. The only ecosystem function which increases in oil palm plantations is, unsurprisingly, the production of marketable goods. Our review highlights numerous research gaps. In particular, there are significant gaps with respect to socio-cultural information functions. Further, there is a need for more empirical data on the importance of spatial and temporal scales, such as differences among plantations in different environments, of different sizes, and of different ages, as our review has identified examples where ecosystem functions vary spatially and temporally. Finally, more research is needed on developing management practices that can offset the losses of ecosystem functions. Our findings should stimulate research to address the identified gaps, and provide a foundation for more systematic research and discussion on ways to minimize the negative impacts and maximize the positive impacts of oil palm cultivation.
    Keywords: ddc:634
    Language: English
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2022-10-07
    Description: Tropical lowland rainforests are increasingly threatened by the expansion of agriculture and the extraction of natural resources. In Jambi Province, Indonesia, the interdisciplinary EFForTS project focuses on the ecological and socio-economic dimensions of rainforest conversion to jungle rubber agroforests and monoculture plantations of rubber and oil palm. Our data confirm that rainforest transformation and land use intensification lead to substantial losses in biodiversity and related ecosystem functions, such as decreased above- and below-ground carbon stocks. Owing to rapid step-wise transformation from forests to agroforests to monoculture plantations and renewal of each plantation type every few decades, the converted land use systems are continuously dynamic, thus hampering the adaptation of animal and plant communities. On the other hand, agricultural rainforest transformation systems provide increased income and access to education, especially for migrant smallholders. Jungle rubber and rubber monocultures are associated with higher financial land productivity but lower financial labour productivity compared to oil palm, which influences crop choice: smallholders that are labour-scarce would prefer oil palm while land-scarce smallholders would prefer rubber. Collecting long-term data in an interdisciplinary context enables us to provide decision-makers and stakeholders with scientific insights to facilitate the reconciliation between economic interests and ecological sustainability in tropical agricultural landscapes.
    Keywords: ddc:634
    Language: English
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2022-08-30
    Description: In der Kiesgrube am Steigerberg bei Eckelsheim wurden beim Abbau von oligozänen Küstensedimenten der Alzey-Formation (Unterer Meeressand) bereits mehrfach Bereiche des Felslitorals angetroffen. 2012 kam in der Erweiterungsfläche ein Rhyolith-Brandungsfelsen mit außergewöhnlichen symmetrischen Erosionsspuren zutage, die möglicherweise durch grabende Aktivitäten von Mollusken verursacht wurden.
    Description: Abstract: Several times already areas of a rhyolitic rocky coast were found at the Steigerberg gravel pit near Eckelsheim in the course of excavation of Oligocene Coastal Sediments of the Alzey Formation ("Unterer Meeressand"). Back then, the Steigerberg was an island near the Western coast of the Mainz Basin. In 2012, a rhyolitic surf holder with extraordinary symmetrical erosion tracks, possibly caused by boring activities of molluscs, came to light during the extension of the pit.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:554.3 ; ddc:562
    Language: German
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  • 27
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Rheinland-Pfalz, Landesamt für Geologie und Bergbau Rheinland-Pfalz, Mainz
    Publication Date: 2022-06-15
    Description: Dieses Heft stellt die großmaßstäbigen Karten zur Bodenfunktionsbewertung für die Planungspraxis vor, die gemeinsam mit dem Hessischen Landesamt für Naturschutz, Umwelt und Geologie entwickelt wurden. Die entsprechenden Daten und Karten sind ein wichtiges Werkzeug zur Berücksichtigung des Schutzgutes Boden in Planungsprozessen, die von Planungsverantwortlichen zunehmend nachgefragt werden.
    Description: Vorwort 1 Anlass und Zielsetzung 2 Bodendaten 3 Bodenfunktionsbewertung 3.1 Bodenfunktion Lebensraum für Pflanzen – Kriterium Standorttypisierung für die Biotopentwicklung 3.2 Bodenfunktion Lebensraum für Pflanzen – Kriterium Ertragspotenzial des Bodens 3.3 Funktion des Bodens im Wasserhaushalt – Kriterium Feldkapazität des Bodens (FK 3.4 Funktion des Bodens als Abbau-, Ausgleichs- und Aufbaumedium – Kriterium Nitratrückhaltevermögen des Bodens. 3.5 Aggregierende Gesamtbewertung der Bodenfunktionen 4 Kartenviewer 5 Quellen
    Description: report
    Keywords: ddc:333.7316
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book , publishedVersion
    Format: 22
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2022-08-10
    Description: Die verschiedenen Projektphasen bei Planung und Herstellung einer geothermischen Heizungsanlage für ein Einfamilienhaus in Rheinhessen mit einem Untergrund aus tertiären kalkigen Tonen, Mergeln, feinkörnigen Sanden und Kalksteinen werden beschrieben und die bisherigen Erfahrungen mitgeteilt. Die im Internet und in Druckschriften verfügbaren Informationen zur Planung und Bemessung sind unbedingt durch projektbezogenen geologischen Sachverstand zu ergänzen. Die bisher 4-jährige Laufzeit der Anlage verlief ohne Komplikationen. Durch eine Verbindung der geothermischen Heizung mit einer Stromerzeugung durch Fotovoltaik konnte die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Systems nochmals erheblich verbessert werden. Im regionalen Umfeld ist die zahl der neu installierten Heizungssysteme mit Geothermie seit Jahren rückläufig. Dies kann eventuell auf die nicht mehr verfügbare öffentliche Förderung und höhere Investitionskosten gegenüber konventionellen Heizungssystemen zurückgeführt werden.
    Description: Abstract: As regards the planning and construction of a geothermal heating for a single family house in Rheinhessen (regional district in the western surroundings of Mainz, capital of the federal state Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany), the individual project phases are described and information on experience available to date is provided. The subsoil of the respective area consists of tertiary calcareous clays, marls, finegrained sands and limestones. Information on planning and dimensioning derived from the internet or print media, should be complemented by project-related geological expertise. The geothermal heating system described has not faced any down-times during its 4-year operational time. The economic output of the system was considerably improved by combining geothermal heating with electricity generated by photovoltaic panels. Since a couple of years the number of newly installed geothermal heating systems has decreased in the regional surroundings. This is probably related to a lack of public subsidies and higher investment cost as compared to conventional heating systems.
    Description: 1. Einleitung 2. Standort und objekt 3. Geologische Planungsgrundlagen 4. Planungsphase 5. Bauphase 6. Betriebsphase 7. Ausblick 8. Fazit Schriften
    Description: report
    Keywords: ddc:333.88
    Language: German
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2022-07-21
    Description: Die Kugelbildungen in der pfälzischen Oberen Felszone („Kugelfelshorizont") und die Röhrenhöhlen stehen beide in einem genetischen Zusammenhang mit der linksrheinischen Randlage des saar-pfälzischen Buntsandsteins. Dort dominierte in der Untertrias ein grobklastischer fluviatiler Randsaum, der einige Male von sehr seichten, salinar vorkonzentrierten Wässern geflutet wurde, wodurch das chemische Milieu der Porenwässer im Sedimentkörper verändert und angereichert wurden. Diese Wässer konnten bei Meeresspiegelhochständen kurzzeitig aus dem Beckenzentrum im Norden und Nordosten in die proximalen Beckenrandbereiche Vordringen. Insbesondere die weit durchhaltenden stratigraphischen Niveaus von Violetten Horizonten (Zonen) - auch und vor allem die Violette Grenzzone am Top des Mittleren Buntsandsteins - markieren Hochstandsereignisse des fernen Meeres. Es handelt sich dabei nicht in erster Linie um Sedimentationsunterbrechungen. Die klastische Vorschüttung vom Gallischen Land im Südwesten wurde synsedimentär tektonisch gesteuert, alt angelegte Senkungsbereiche mit erzgebirgischem Streichen (WSW-ENE) bilden sich ab. Kugelfelsen treten in mehreren stratigraphischen Niveaus des Unteren und Mittleren Buntsandsteins auf. Zusammenhänge mit temporären, karbonatisch-salinaren Beeinflussungen sind jeweils vorhanden. Der in der Beckenrandregion vorgegebene fluviatile Sedimentkörper wurde dabei frühdiagenetisch überprägt. Die Kugelbildungen gehen auf inzwischen ausgewitterte Karbonatgehalte zurück. Sie entstanden schon in der Untertrias, in einem frühen Stadium der Diagenese, als phreatische Calcretes bzw. Dolocretes. Es sind Grundwasser-Bildungen mit typischen anorganischen Alpha-Gefügen. Die Röhrenhöhlen bzw. die einzelnen Röhrenstrukturen sind die Resultate einer Sandstein-Verkarstung im zeitlichen Grenzbereich Spätmesozoikum/Frühkänozoikum, bei (sub-)-tropischem Klima. Sie entstanden bei der Quarzlösung durch saure, Huminstoff-reiche Grundwässer. Bei bevorzugter Auflösung der Quarzzemente kam es zur Sandkorn-Vereinzelung (Arenitisierung), zum Ausspülen von Röhren (Piping) und zur Entwicklung eines zum Altrhein im Osten gerichteten Karstsystems. An den Röhrenwandungen bildeten sich im Grundwasserbereich Kiesel-, Eisen- und Huminsäurekrusten. Bei einer genaueren Betrachtung und Bewertung aller von Röhrenhöhlen bekannten, recht komplexen Fakten, lässt sich dafür ein widerspruchsfreies genetisches Gesamtmodell entwickeln. Die einzelnen Röhrenstrukturen folgten damaligen Kluftrichtungen. Dadurch konservierten sie das Abbild eines alten Strukturinventars. Dies wurde vor allem von der erzgebirgischen WSW-ENE-Richtung dominiert, die vom variskisch deformierten Unterlager durchgepaust war. Röhrenhöhlen-Korridore zeichnen alte, erzgebirgisch ausgerichtete Tiefschollen nach. Hinweise auf das Entstehungsalter dieser Karstformen ergeben sich aus der statistischen Verteilung der Röhren-Längsachsen-Richtungen. Vergleicht man diese mit den für Südwest-Deutschland bekannten tektonischen Deformationsereignissen, so lässt sich ein Entstehungszeitraum zwischen spätester Oberkreide und frühestem Eozän einengen. Auf diese Weise ergeben sich Hinweise auf die Ausgestaltung des linksrheinischen Deckgebirges vor der tertiären Oberrheingraben- Tektogenese.
    Description: Abstract: The spherical forms in the Obere Felszone (Middle Buntsandstein) and the tube-shaped caves of Palatinate were caused resp. influenced by the border Situation of the Buntsandstein left of the Rhine. Düring Lower Triassic a coarse fluvial marginal facies dominated there. Several times this region has been flooded by very shallow pre-concentrated saliferous waters. Thereby the chemical environments of the porewaters in the Sediment body were changed and enriched. Düring wide-ranging highstands of the sea level these waters could intrude briefly from the northern and northeastern center to the (proximal) marginal zones of the Palatinate basin. Especially the very expansive Stratigraphie units of violet horizons or zones and mainly the Violette Grenzzone at the top of Middle Buntsandstein indicate highstands of the far off sea. They were not primarily caused by interruptions of Sedimentation. The clastic Sedimentation from the Gallic Land in the Southwest was controlled by slow synsedimentary tectonic movements, old WSW-ENE striking troughs are documented. Rocks with spherical segregations appear in several Stratigraphie units of Lower and Middle Buntsandstein. Connections with temporary carbonatic-hypersaline influences exist. The fluviatile Sediment succession which existed in the marginal area has been overprinted by this during early diagenesis. The sphere-shaped structures resulted from carbonate contents which have been washed out in the meantime. They already generated during Lower Triassic, as phreatic calcretes resp. dolocretes. They represent groundwater- produced formations with typical inorganic Alpha fabrics. The tube-shaped caves resp. the individual tube structures resulted from the karstification of sandstones. This happened under (sub-)tropical climatic conditions, which existed during late mesozoic/ cenozoic times. They generated by dissolution of quartz, caused by acidic groundwaters, rieh in humins. Quartz-cements were dissoluted preferentially. This caused a singularization of the sand grains (arenitization) and a rinsing of tubes (piping). Akarstic System developed, directed to the old precursor of the Rhine River. At the tube walls silcretes and iron- resp. humin-crusts were precipitated by groundwaters. By valuation of all facts known about the tube-shaped caves, being quite complex, a consistent model can be generated. The individual tubes followed the joint sets which existed at that time. An old structural inventory was conserved by this. It was dominated by the WSW-ENE-direction. This had been traced from the basement which was deformed during the variscan orogeny. Corridors of tube-shaped caves follow old WSW-ENE striking, narrow downthrown blocks in the underlying basement. The age of these karstifikation forms can be deduced from the Statistical distribution of directions of the tube axes. The development phase can be reconstructed by comparing these old directions with the tectonic deformation phases known from southwestern Germany. The resulting time span is latest Upper Cretaceous tili early Eocene. Moreover some informations concerning the structural state of the palatinian mountains before the evolution of the Upper Rhine Graben System can be gained.
    Description: 1. Einführung 2. Rahmenbedingungen bei der Entstehung des Pfälzer Buntsandsteins 2.1. Die tektonischen Gegebenheiten 2.2. Die paläogeographische Situation am Südwestrand des Germanischen Beckens 2.2.1. Die klastische Vorschüttung vom Gallischen Hinterland 2.2.2. Temporäre marine Einflüsse und die besondere paläogeographische Bedeutung von Violetten Horizonten bzw. Zonen 3. Kugelfelsen 4. Röhrenhöhlen 4.1. Generelle Charakteristika der Röhrenhöhlen 4.2. Ältere Deutungsansätze 4.3. Die genetische Erklärung durch Sandsteinkarst 4.4. Alterseinstufung der Entstehungsprozesse 4.5. Röhrenförmige Strukturen in anderen stratigraphischen Niveaus 5. Ausblick Schriften
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:554.3
    Language: German
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2022-07-21
    Description: Die Obere Felszone der Pfalz wird nach den darin enthaltenen frühdiagenetischen Kugelbildungen (vgl. dazu Dittrich 2016) oft auch Kugelfelszone genannt. Sie kann Äquivalente der Detfurth- und der Hardegsen-Formation umfassen (s4-und s5-Folge). Mehrere Meter mächtige fluviatile sandige Detfurth-Äquivalente mit einer konglomeratischen Basis beschränken sich auf strukturtiefe Profile in ehemaligen linksrheinischen Trogachsen. Durch die D-Diskordanz wurden die oberen Abschnitte der Volpriehausen-Formation (s3-Folge) gekappt, transportiert und resedimentiert. Es handelte sich um proximale Äquivalente der Aviculaschichten. Hardegsen- Äquivalente, oft mit Kugelbildungen, sind durch eine regionale Erosionsdiskordanz abgetrennt. In vollständigeren Trogachsenprofilen erscheint eine eher konkordante Diskontinuitätsfläche s4/s5. Durch die inzwischen vorliegende deutsche Buntsandstein-Synopsis (DSK 2013) wurde die stratigraphische Bewertung zahlreicher neu erhobener Befunde im pfälzischen Randbecken unterstützt. Für die s4/s5-Diskordanz ist anstelle des fehlerbehafteten neuen Begriffs „Trulbe-Diskordanz" der Name „Harsberg-Diskordanz7/ vorzuziehen.
    Description: Abstract: The palatinian stratigraphic unit Obere Felszone is sometimes called Kugelfelszone. This refers to ball structures that have formed during early diagenesis (compare Dittrich 2016). This unit can comprise equivalents of s4 and s5 (Detfurth and Hardegsen Formation). Several meters thick fluvial sandstones with a basal conglomerate (Detfurth Formation) are restricted to structurally controled old trough positions. Connected with the D-discordance the upper parts of the Volpriehausen Formation were cut, transported and resedimented. They had represented proximal equivalents of the Avicula beds. Equivalents of s5, offen with ball structures, overlie a regional erosional discordance. Profiles of subsiding areas show a nearly concordant discontinuity surface instead. The now available synopsis of the german Buntsandstein (DSK 2013) supported the stratigraphical interpretation of several new geological data concerning the palatinian marginal part of the basin. For the s4/s5 discordance („Trulbe discordance" in DSK 2013) the more correct name „Harsberg discordance" is proposed here.
    Description: 1. Einführung in die Stratigraphie des pfälzischen Mittleren Buntsandsteins 2. Neuere Beobachtungen und Ergebnisse 3. Stratigraphische Interpretation Schriften
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:554.3
    Language: German
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  • 31
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Selbstverlag | Schalkau
    Publication Date: 2022-07-26
    Description: Zusammenfassung In Deutschland sind magmatogene (magmatische, pegmatitische), hydrothermogene (pneumatolytische, hydrothermale), chemogene (zementative, infiltrative) und klastogene (Seifen-) Uran-Vorkommen bekannt. Bergbaulich gewonnen wurde Uran hierzulande bisher aus hydrothermalen, zementativen und infiltrativen Lagerstätten. Einige dieser Lagerstätten in Sachsen und Thüringen gehören zu den bedeutendsten ihrer Art in der Welt. Im Ergebnis von 45 Jahren Bergbautätigkeit und den anschließenden 25 Jahren Sanierungsarbeiten entstanden unzählige unter- und übertägige Aufschlüsse sowie eine Vielzahl von geowissenschaftlichen Arbeiten. Dennoch sind einige Fragen zur Entstehung dieser Lagerstätten, insbesondere was die Herkunft des Urans betrifft, nach wie vor umstritten. Dieser Beitrag ist ein Versuch, ein geochemisch, mineralogisch und lagerstättenkundlich plausibles Gesamtmodell der Genese der deutschen Uranlagerstätten zu entwerfen. Dabei spielen Sapropelite eine besondere Rolle als Metallquellen des Urans. Abstract There are magmatogene (magmatic, pegmatitic), hydrothermogene (pneumatolytic, hydrothermal), chemogene (cementation, infiltration) and clastogene (placer) occurrences of uranium in Germany. But only hydrothermal and supergene deposits were mined in this country. Some of these deposits in Saxony and Thuringia belong to the most important of its kind in the world. After 45 years of mining activity followed by 25 years of renovation many underground and surface exposures were originated and scientific publications were written. Nevertheless some features of the genesis of these deposits and particularly the origin of uranium are still controversially. This paper is an attempt to sketch a geochemical, mineralogical and geological plausible general model of the genesis of the uranium deposits in Germany. Sapropelites are of particular importance as sources of uranium.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:551
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book , draft
    Format: 35
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2023-01-12
    Description: Bei hydraulischen und hydrochemischen Untersuchungen zur geothermischen Nutzung gefluteter Erzbergwerke im Rheinischen Schiefergebirge wurden Dichte-Schichtungen in einem Schacht festgestellt. Das Phänomen der Dichteschichtung in gefluteten Bergwerken ist bekannt, diese wurde jedoch meist nur durch einmalige Messungen belegt. Durch Wiederholungsmessungen zeigten sich deutliche Veränderungen in den physiko-chemischen Eigenschaften sowie der Mächtigkeit der oberen Schicht, während das Grundwasser der unteren höher mineralisierten Schicht eine annähernd gleichbleibende Beschaffenheit zeigte. Mit zunehmender Dicke und Mineralisation wurde die Auflösung der oberen Schichtung beobachtet. Durch zutretendes gering mineralisiertes Oberflächen- und Sickerwasser bildete sich jedoch in kurzer Zeit eine neue Schichtung aus.
    Description: Abstract: An abandoned flooded mine in the Rhenish Massif was investigated for geothermal reuse. Hydrogeological and hydrochemical studies indicated that the mine water body into a shaft was stratified. The phenomenon of stratification in flooded mines is already known but usually only one measurement is done. Additional recordings demonstrated that the physico-chemical qualities and the thickness of the upper layer changed. The chemical composition of the deeper layer did not modify. According to increasing thickness and mineralization of the upper layer the stratification collapsed. Caused by inflow of surface and drain water a new upper water layer developed quickly.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:622 ; Grubenwässer ; Erzbergbau ; Siegerland
    Language: German
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2023-01-20
    Description: Seit mindestens 200 Jahren werden am Laacher See Gasaustritte in der Literatur beschrieben. Diese treten sowohl an Land als auch im Wasser auf. Während die Gasblasen im Wasser deutlich hervortreten, sind die Gasaustritte an Land häufig kaum wahrnehmbar. Um die Verbreitung der Kohlendioxid-Austritte rund um den Laacher See näher bestimmen zu können, wurden zunächst die verfügbaren Beschreibungen in der Literatur ausgewertet, die bis zum Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts zurückreichen. Im Umfeld der ehemaligen Jesuitenvilla, einem Gebäude aus dem 19. Jahrhundert, das am Ostufer des Sees errichtet worden war, lieferten zahlreiche Bodenluftmessungen Informationen über die C02-Verteilung im Boden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Ausgasungen an Land deutlich häufiger anzutreffen sind, als bisher vermutet wurde. Ebenso weisen die teilweise sehr starken Mofetten im Wasser, die im Rahmen der Untersuchungen mehrfach kartiert wurden und die in der Literatur deutlich schwächer beschrieben werden, auf eine Zunahme der Ausgasungen am Laacher See hin.
    Description: Abstract: Since the 18th Century, the carbon dioxide exhalations around the Lake Laach are mentioned in the literature. The mofettes can be found in the water of the lake as well as in the wood close to the lakefront. While the exhalations in the water are easily visible, the mofettes ashore are difficult to detect. In Order to find all mofettes around the lake, the descriptions in the literature were interpreted. In addition, more than 100 soil gas measurements in the surroundings of the former "Jesuitenvilla", an abbey building from the 19th Century provided evidence of a mofette that probably caused the death of eight monks in 1871. The investigations showed that today the carbon dioxide exhalations are far more common and intense around the Lake Laach than assumed.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:551.23 ; Eifel ; Gase ; TK 5509
    Language: German
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Vorstellung des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde)
    Description: report
    Keywords: FID GEO
    Language: German
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2024-02-28
    Description: Abstract: In Germany, more than 70% of peat soils are used for agriculture. Due to drainage and utilization, these peat soils have considerable environmental impact. Drainage-based use also leads to continuous peat mineralization and subsidence and over time to a loss of productive land. In an expert meeting (16 - 18 June 2016), organized by the MoorDialog project (Greifswald Mire Centre) and the DGMT, representatives from agriculture, water management, research, and nature conservation discussed the ‘good professional practice’ of agricultural use of peat soils in Germany. The overarching goal should be to secure the availability of productive land. As the management of peat soils also affects the provision of other ecosystem services such as climate and water protection, a good professional practice must consider and balance all these benefits. The expert meeting explored criteria for water management and land management to define good professional practice in societal consensus. Finally, the necessary changes of legal and economic frameworks were discussed. This paper can be the basis for a broad discussion in the political arena.
    Description: Zusammenfassung: In Deutschland werden mehr als 70% der Moorböden landwirtschaftlich genutzt. Von der mit der Bewirtschaftung verbundenen Entwässerung gehen meist erhebliche Umweltbelastungen aus, die im Widerspruch zu internationalen Vorgaben und nationalen Vorschriften stehen. Die entwässerungsbasierte Nutzung von Moorböden führt zur kontinuierlichen Abnahme des Höhenniveaus und damit über die Zeit zu einem Verlust an Kulturland. Auf einem vom Projekt MoorDialog (Greifswald Moor Centrum) und der DGMT organisierten Fachgespräch vom 16. bis 18. Juni 2016 haben Vertreter aus Land- und Wasserwirtschaft, Wissenschaft sowie Natur- und Umweltschutz diskutiert, was eine gute fachliche Praxis der Nutzung von landwirtschaftlich genutzten Moorböden in Deutschland beinhalten sollte. Als übergeordnetes Ziel wurde definiert, heutiges Kulturland dauerhaft als nutzbares Land zu erhalten. Die Bewirtschaftung von Moorstandorten beeinflusst neben der Produktionsfunktion die Bereitstellung von anderen gesellschaftsrelevanten Ökosystemleistungen wie den Klima- und Gewässerschutz und die Lebensraumfunktion für einheimische Organismen. Im Rahmen einer guten fachlichen Praxis sollten diese Leistungen berücksichtigt und integral abgewogen werden. Als Ergebnis des Fachgesprächs wurden Kriterien für die Steuerung des Wasserhaushalts und das Flächenmanagement sondiert, anhand derer eine gute fachliche Praxis definiert und im gesellschaftlichen Konsens vereinbart werden kann. Abschließend werden die dafür notwendigen Änderungen der rechtlichen und ökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen diskutiert. Der vorliegende Entwurf soll als Grundlage für eine breite Diskussion im politischen Raum dienen.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:553.21 ; ddc:630.914 ; Moor ; peatland ; land-use ; Landwirtschaft ; peat ; Torf ; soil ; Boden
    Language: German
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2016-11-16
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Space Transportation and Safety
    Type: M17-5606 , Tri-Lateral Operational Safety Technical Interchange Meeting (TIM) ; 12-14 Oct. 2016; Huntsville, AL; United States
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2016-11-16
    Description: Payloads are assessed for nominal operations. Payload Developers have the option of performing a maintenance hazard assessment (MHA) for potential maintenance activities. When POIC (Payload Operations and Integration Center) Safety reviews an OCR calling for a maintenance procedure, we cannot approve it without a MHA. If no MHA exists, we contact MER (Mission Evaluation Room) Safety. Depending on the nature of the problem, MER Safety has the option to: Analyze and grant approval themselves; Direct the payload back to the ISRP (Integrated Safety Review Panel); Direct the payload to the IMMT (Increment Mission Management Team).
    Keywords: Space Transportation and Safety
    Type: M17-5610 , Tri-Lateral Operational Safety Technical Interchange Meeting (TIM); 12-14 Oct. 2016; Huntsville, AL; United States
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: Whether life exists on worlds other than Earth is one of the most compelling questions facing space science today. Given that, on Earth, life exists wherever water is found, worlds harboring large amounts of water are prime targets in the search for an answer to this question. Jovian moons Europa, Callisto, and Ganymede; Saturnian moons Enceladus and Titan; and possibly Neptune's Triton are all worlds in the outer solar system on which large quantities of water can be found in solid and liquid form. So compelling are these worlds as targets for scientific study that the United States Congress recently initiated a directive to NASA to create an "Ocean Worlds Exploration Program, comprised of frequent small, medium and large missions that poses the potential to revolutionize our understanding of the solar system and life within it, perhaps more profoundly event than the modern-day search for past or extant life on Mars. Any life detected at the remote "ocean worlds" in the outer solar system would likely have formed and evolved along an independent path from life on Earth itself, giving us a deeper understanding of the potential for broad variety amongst life in the universe. In NASA's robotic study of Mars, a key to the success of the "search for water" was the ability to conduct iterative exploration via a series of missions launched on a regular cadence based on 26-month cycles of prime planetary-alignment windows of reduced transit time. Through this cadence, NASA was able to send to Mars a series of orbiters and landers, using the knowledge gained from each mission to inform and refine the goals of the next. The ability to conduct iterative exploration in this manner could have a substantial impact on exploration of the "ocean worlds," allowing scientists to narrow their targets of interest in the search for life based on data sent back by successive missions. This ability is currently limited by the transit periods available from contemporary evolved expendable launch vehicles. In the case of Europa, one of the nearer of these ocean worlds, current transit times are seven to nine years; iterative exploration of Europa would require decades. In the coming decade, NASA's new Space Launch System (SLS) could revolutionize exploration of the outer solar system by dramatically reducing transit times. Designed to enable human exploration of deep space, SLS will be the world's most powerful launch vehicle, offering unparalleled payload mass and volume and departure energy. In the case of Europa, SLS will reduce transit time to two to three years, enabling an iterative exploration cadence closer to what is currently experienced for Mars. SLS competed its critical design review during summer 2015 and is making rapid progress toward initial launch readiness. This paper will provide background on the importance of these ocean worlds and an overview and status of SLS, and will discuss the potential for the use of SLS in a robust iterative search for life in our solar system.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General); Space Sciences (General); Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: M15-4863 , COSPAR 2016 Meeting; 30 Jul. - 7 Aug. 2016; Istanbul; United States
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  • 39
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    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: M16-5476 , Payload Operations and Integration Working Group Meeting; 26-28 Jul. 2016; Huntsville, AL ; United States
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  • 40
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    Publication Date: 2016-11-16
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Space Transportation and Safety
    Type: M17-5609 , Tri-Lateral Operational Safety Technical Interchange Meeting; 12-14 Oct. 2016; Huntsville, AL; United States
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  • 41
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    Publication Date: 2016-11-16
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Quality Assurance and Reliability; Space Transportation and Safety
    Type: M17-5608 , Tri-Lateral Operational Safety Technical Interchange (TIM) Meeting; 12-14 Oct. 2016; Huntsville, AL; United States
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  • 42
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    Publication Date: 2016-09-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-CN-37460 , EVA Technology Collaboration Workshop; 13-16 Sep. 2016; Houston, TX; United States
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2017-05-23
    Description: Symbiotic star surveys have traditionally relied almost exclusively on low resolution optical spectroscopy. However, we can obtain a more reliable estimate of their total Galactic population by using all available signatures of the symbiotic phenomenon. Here we report the discovery of a hard X-ray source, 4PBC J0642.9+5528, in the Swift hard X-ray all-sky survey, and identify it with a poorly studied red giant, SU Lyn, using pointed Swift observations and ground-based optical spectroscopy. The X-ray spectrum, the optical to UV spectrum, and the rapid UV variability of SU Lyn are all consistent with our interpretation that it is a symbiotic star containing an accreting white dwarf. The symbiotic nature of SU Lyn went unnoticed until now, because it does not exhibit emission lines strong enough to be obvious in low resolution spectra. We argue that symbiotic stars without shell-burning have weak emission lines, and that the current lists of symbiotic stars are biased in favor of shell-burning systems. We conclude that the true population of symbiotic stars has been underestimated, potentially by a large factor.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN41432 , Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (ISSN 0035-8711; e-ISSN 1365-8711); Volume 461; No. 1; L1-L5
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2017-04-15
    Description: Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are major transient phenomena in the solar corona that are observed with ground-based and spacecraft-based coronagraphs in white light or with in situ measurements by spacecraft. CMEs transport mass and momentum and often drive shocks. In order to derive the CME and shock trajectories with high precision, we apply the graduated cylindrical shell (GCS) model to fit a flux rope to the CME directed toward STEREO A after about 19:00 UT on 29 November 2013 and check the quality of the heliocentric distance-time evaluations by carrying out a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of the same CME with the Block Adaptive Tree Solar-Wind Roe Upwind Scheme (BATS-R-US) code. Heliocentric distances of the CME and shock leading edges are determined from the simulated white light images and magnetic field strength data. We find very good agreement between the predicted and observed heliocentric distances, showing that the GCS model and the BATS-R-US simulation approach work very well and are consistent. In order to assess the validity of CME and shock identification criteria in coronagraph images, we also compute synthetic white light images of the CME and shock. We find that the outer edge of a cloud-like illuminated area in the observed and predicted images in fact coincides with the leading edge of the CME flux rope and that the outer edge of a faint illuminated band in front of the CME leading edge coincides with the CME-driven shock front.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN40667 , Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics (e-ISSN 2169-9402); Volume 121; Issue 3; 1886-1906
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  • 45
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    Publication Date: 2017-07-01
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: JSC-CN-37381-3 , 2016 Tri-Lateral Safety and Mission Assurance Conference; 13-15 Sep. 2016; Sagamihara; Japan
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2018-01-27
    Description: Flexibility where possible, and structure where necessary. Consider the needs of national security, safe airspace operations, economic opportunities, and emerging technologies. Risk-based approach based on population density, assets on the ground, density of operations, etc. Digital, virtual, dynamic, and as needed UTM services to manage operations.
    Keywords: Air Transportation and Safety
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN30358 , On-Demand Mobility and Follow Up Workshop; 8-9 Mar. 2016; Arlington, VA; United States
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  • 47
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2018-03-20
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Environment Pollution
    Type: Public Health Reports (ISSN 0033-3549; e-ISSN 1468-2877 ); Volume 132; No. 1; 14-17
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  • 48
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    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: We will present information about the Restore-L Servicing Mission, a technology demonstration of servicing technologies via the robotic on-orbit refueling of a functional Government-owned satellite in polar low Earth orbit. This demonstration would establish U.S. leadership in robotic on-orbit satellite servicing, accelerate the maturation of technologies critical to NASAs Journey to Mars, and jumpstart a new domestic commercial servicing industry. We will present an overview of the Restore-L servicing mission, which was recently approved to progress to flight. We will also describe the technologies that NASA is advancing to achieve this mission, and provide the current status of the Restore-L effort.
    Keywords: Aeronautics (General); Cybernetics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN31128/SUPP , Embedded Systems Conference; 13-14 Apr. 2016; Boston, MA; United States
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: In collaboration with the external community and other government agencies, NASA will develop enabling technologies, standards, and design guidelines to support cost-effective applications of automation and limited autonomy for individual components of aviation systems. NASA will also provide foundational knowledge and methods to support the next epoch. Research will address issues of verification and validation, operational evaluation, national policy, and societal cost-benefit. Two research and development approaches to aviation autonomy will advance in parallel. The Increasing Autonomy (IA) approach will seek to advance knowledge and technology through incremental increases in machine-based support of existing human-centered tasks, leading to long-term reallocation of functions between humans and machines. The Autonomy as a New Technology (ANT) approach seeks advances by developing technology to achieve goals that are not currently possible using human-centered concepts of operation. IA applications are mission-enhancing, and their selection will be based on benefits achievable relative to existing operations. ANT applications are mission-enabling, and their value will be assessed based on societal benefit resulting from a new capability. The expected demand for small autonomous unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) provides an opportunity for development of ANT applications. Supervisory autonomy may be implemented as an expansion of the number of functions or systems that may be controlled by an individual human operator. Convergent technology approaches, such as the use of electronic flight bags and existing network servers, will be leveraged to the maximum extent possible.
    Keywords: Air Transportation and Safety; Cybernetics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN30439 , Aerospace Control and Guidance Systems Committee Meeting; 15-18 Mar. 2016; Napa, CA; United States
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2017-05-03
    Description: Electron pitch angle (D(sub (alpha alpha))) and momentum (D(sub pp)) diffusion coefficients have been calculated due to resonant interactions with electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) and whistler mode chorus waves. Calculations have been performed at two spatial locations L=4.6 and 6.8 for electron energies less than or equal to 10 keV. Landau (n=0) resonance and cyclotron harmonic resonances n= +/- 1, +/-2, ... +/-5 have been included in the calculations. It is found that diffusion coefficient versus pitch angle (alpha) profiles show large dips and oscillations or banded structures. The structures are more pronounced for ECH and lower band chorus (LBC) and particularly at location 4.6. Calculations of diffusion coefficients have also been performed for individual resonances. It is noticed that the main contribution of ECH waves in pitch angle diffusion coefficient is due to resonances n=+1 and n=+2. A major contribution to momentum diffusion coefficients appears from n=+2. However, the banded structures in D(sub alpha alpha) and D(sub pp) coefficients appear only in the profile of diffusion coefficients for n=+2. The contribution of other resonances to diffusion coefficients is found to be, in general, quite small or even negligible. For LBC and upper band chorus waves, the banded structures appear only in Landau resonance. The D(sub pp) diffusion coefficient for ECH waves is one to two orders smaller than D(sub alpha alpha) coefficients. For chorus waves, D(sub pp) coefficients are about an order of magnitude smaller than D(sub alpha alpha) coefficients for the case n does not equal 0. In case of Landau resonance, the values of D(sub pp) coefficient are generally larger than the values of D(sub alpha alpha) coefficients particularly at lower energies. As an aid to the interpretation of results, we have also determined the resonant frequencies. For ECH waves, resonant frequencies have been estimated for wave normal angle 89 deg and harmonic resonances n= +1, +2, and +3, whereas for whistler mode waves, the frequencies have been calculated for angle 10 deg and Landau resonance. Further, in ECH waves, the banded structures appear for electron energies 1 greater than or equal to keV, and for whistler mode chorus waves, structures appear for energies greater than 2 keV at L=4.6 and above 200 eV for L=6.8. The results obtained in the present work will be helpful in the study of diffusion curves and will have important consequences for diffuse aurora and pancake distributions.
    Keywords: Plasma Physics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN41231 , 3D Bioprinting: Physical and Chemical Processes; 2-3 May 2017; Winston Salem, NC; United States|Physics of Plasmas (ISSN 1070-664X; e-ISSN 1089-7674); Volume 23; Issue 4; 042101
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2017-04-29
    Description: The performance of the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) polarimeter for the Polarimeter for Relativistic Astrophysical X-ray Sources (PRAXyS) Small Explorer was evaluated using polarized and unpolarized X-ray sources. The PRAXyS mission will enable exploration of the universe through X-ray polarimetry in the 2-10 keV energy band. We carried out performance tests of the polarimeter at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source (BNL-NSLS) and at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. The polarimeter was tested with linearly polarized, monochromatic X-rays at 11 different energies between 2.5 and 8.0 keV. At maximum sensitivity, the measured modulation factors at 2.7, 4.5 and 8.0 keV are 27%, 43% and 59%, respectively and the measured angle of polarization is consistent with the expected value at all energies. Measurements with a broadband, unpolarized X-ray source placed a limit of less than 1% on false polarization in the PRAXyS polarimeter.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN41158 , Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A (ISSN 0168-9002); Volume 838; 89-95
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2017-02-14
    Description: This plan defines the Space Geodesy Project (SGP) policies, procedures, and requirements for Information and Configuration Management (CM). This procedure describes a process that is intended to ensure that all proposed and approved technical and programmatic baselines and changes to the SGP hardware, software, support systems, and equipment are documented.
    Keywords: Documentation and Information Science
    Type: SGP-MGMT-PROC-0002 , GSFC-E-DAA-TN39067
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2017-05-04
    Description: We report Magnetospheric Multiscale observations of high-frequency electrostatic waves in the vicinity of the reconnection ion diffusion region on the dayside magnetopause. The ion diffusion region is identified during two magnetopause crossings by the Hall electromagnetic fields, the slippage of ions with respect to the magnetic field, and magnetic energy dissipation. In addition to electron beam modes that have been previously detected at the separatrix on the magnetospheric side of the magnetopause, we report, for the first time, the existence of electron cyclotron harmonic waves at the magnetosheath separatrix. Broadband waves between the electron cyclotron and electron plasma frequencies, which were probably generated by electron beams, were found within the magnetopause current sheet. Contributions by these high-frequency waves to the magnetic energy dissipation were negligible in the diffusion regions as compared to those of lower-frequency waves.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN41309 , Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276; e-ISSN 1944-8007); Volume 43; Issue 10; 4808–4815
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: In the GEOS-Chem Adjoint (GCA) system, the total (wet) surface pressure of the GEOS meteorology is employed as dry surface pressure, ignoring the presence of water vapor. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Carbon Monitoring System (CMS) research team has been evaluating the impact of the above discrepancy on the CO2 model forecast and the CO2 flux inversion. The JPL CMS research utilizes a multi-mission assimilation framework developed by the Multi-Mission Observation Operator (M2O2) research team at JPL extending the GCA system. The GCA-M2O2 framework facilitates mission-generic 3D and 4D-variational assimilations streamlining the interfaces to the satellite data products and prior emission inventories. The GCA-M2O2 framework currently integrates the GCA system version 35h and provides a dry surface pressure setup to allow the CO2 model forecast to be performed with the GEOS-5 surface pressure directly or after converting it to dry surface pressure.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
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  • 55
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Launch Vehicles and Launch Operations; Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2019-06-06
    Description: This paper compares fuel consumption of descent trajectories from cruise altitude to meter fix when the required time of arrival is later than the nominal time of arrival at the meter fix. The required delay, which is the difference between the nominal and the required times of arrival, is achieved by either slowing down the aircraft in the cruise and descent phases or flying a longer route at a constant altitude. Performance models of ten different Boeing and Airbus aircraft, obtained from the Base of Aircraft Data, are employed for generating the results. It is demonstrated that the most fuel-efficient speed control strategy for absorbing delay is first reducing descent speed as much as possible and then reducing cruise speed. This is a common finding for all ten aircraft considered. For some aircraft, flying at a fixed flight path angle and constant Mach-calibrated-airspeed results in lower fuel consumption compared to standard descent at idle-thrust and constant Mach-calibrated- airspeed. Finally, for the cases examined, it is shown that executing a path stretch maneuver at cruise altitude and descent at a reduced speed is more fuel efficient than inserting an intermediate-altitude cruise segment.
    Keywords: Air Transportation and Safety; Propellants and Fuels
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN17124 , Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669) (e-ISSN 1533-3868); 53; 6
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2019-06-06
    Description: This paper presents a design approach and basic algorithms for a future system that can perform aircraft conflict resolution, arrival scheduling and convective weather avoidance with a high level of autonomy in terminal area airspace. Such a system, located on the ground, is intended to solve autonomously the major problems currently handled manually by human controllers. It has the potential to accommodate higher traffic levels and a mix of conventional and unmanned aerial vehicles with reduced dependency on controllers. The main objective of this paper is to describe the fundamental trajectory and scheduling algorithms that provide the foundation for an autonomous system of the future. These algorithms generate trajectories that are free of conflicts with other traffic, avoid convective weather if present, and provide scheduled times for landing with specified in-trail spacings. The maneuvers the algorithms generate to resolve separation and spacing conflicts include speed, horizontal path, and altitude changes. Furthermore, a method for reassigning arrival aircraft to alternate runways in order to reduce delays is also included. The algorithms generate conflict free trajectories for terminal area traffic, comprised primarily of arrivals and departures to and from multiple airports. Examples of problems solved and performance statistics from a fast-time simulation using simulated traffic of arrivals and departures at the Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport and Dallas Love Field are described.
    Keywords: Aircraft Communications and Navigation
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN22021 , Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering (ISSN 0954-4100) (e-ISSN 2041-3025); 230; 9; 1762-1779
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: Implicit large-eddy simulation (ILES) of a shock wave boundary-layer interaction (SBLI) was performed. Quantities present in the exact equation of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) transport were accumulated. These quantities will be used to calculate the components of TKE-like production, dissipation, transport, and dilatation. Correlations of these terms will be presented to study the growth and interaction between various terms. A comparison with its RANS (Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) counterpart will also be presented.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics; Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: GRC-E-DAA-TN32970 , AIAA Aviation 2016; 13-17 Jun. 2016; Washington, DC; United States
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2019-05-21
    Description: Leaf Area Index (LAI) is a key variable that bridges remote sensing observations to the quantification of agroecosystem processes. In this study, we assessed the universality of the relationships between crop LAI and remotely sensed Vegetation Indices (VIs). We first compiled a global dataset of 1459 in situ quality-controlled crop LAI measurements and collected Landsat satellite images to derive five different VIs including Simple Ratio (SR), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), two versions of the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI and EVI2), and Green Chlorophyll Index (CI(sub Green)). Based on this dataset, we developed global LAI-VI relationships for each crop type and VI using symbolic regression and Theil-Sen (TS) robust estimator. Results suggest that the global LAI-VI relationships are statistically significant, crop-specific, and mostly non-linear. These relationships explain more than half of the total variance in ground LAI observations (R2 greater than 0.5), and provide LAI estimates with RMSE below 1.2 m2/m2. Among the five VIs, EVI/EVI2 are the most effective, and the crop-specific LAI-EVI and LAI-EVI2 relationships constructed by TS, are robust when tested by three independent validation datasets of varied spatial scales. While the heterogeneity of agricultural landscapes leads to a diverse set of local LAI-VI relationships, the relationships provided here represent global universality on an average basis, allowing the generation of large-scale spatial-explicit LAI maps. This study contributes to the operationalization of large-area crop modeling and, by extension, has relevance to both fundamental and applied agroecosystem research.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN40736 , Remote Sensing (e-ISSN 2072-4292); 8; 7; 597
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2019-05-21
    Description: Pre-launch characterization and calibration of the thermal emissive spectral bands on the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS-1) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is critical to ensure high quality data products for environmental and climate data records post-launch. A comprehensive test program was conducted at the Raytheon El Segundo facility in 2013-2014, including extensive environmental testing. This work is focused on the thermal band radiometric performance and stability, including evaluation of a number of sensor performance metrics and estimation of uncertainties. Analysis has shown that JPSS-1 VIIRS thermal bands perform very well in relation to their design specifications, and comparisons to the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) VIIRS instrument have shown their performance to be comparable.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN29811 , Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292); 8; 1; 47
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2016-07-14
    Description: This is a 20 minute presentation discussing the DELIVER vision. DELIVER is part of the ARMD Transformative Aeronautics Concepts Program, particularly the Convergent Aeronautics Solutions Project. The presentation covers the DELIVER vision, transforming markets, conceptual design process, challenges addressed, technical content, and FY2016 key activities.
    Keywords: Aeronautics (General)
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN30303 , On-Demand Mobility and Follow Up Workshop; 8-9 Mar. 2016; Arlington, VA; United States
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  • 62
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-25
    Description: Providing Spacecraft Status for the Earth Observing System which includes Terra, Aqua and Aura missions to the Direct Broadcast community.
    Keywords: Communications and Radar; Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN33119 , NASA Direct Readout Conference (NDRC-9): EOS/S-NPP Direct Readout Conference; 21-24 Jun. 2016; Valladolid; Spain
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2017-05-11
    Description: An eruption of Italian volcano Mount Etna on 3 December 2015 produced fast-moving sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfate aerosol clouds that traveled across Asia and the Pacific Ocean, reaching North America in just 5days. The Ozone Profiler and Mapping Suite's Nadir Mapping UV spectrometer aboard the U.S. National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite observed the horizontal transport of the SO2 cloud. Vertical profiles of the colocated volcanic sulfate aerosols were observed between 11.5 and 13.5 km by the new Cloud Aerosol Transport System (CATS) space-based lidar aboard the International Space Station. Backward trajectory analysis estimates the SO2 cloud altitude at 7-12 km. Eulerian model simulations of the SO2 cloud constrained by CATS measurements produced more accurate dispersion patterns compared to those initialized with the back trajectory height estimate. The near-real-time data processing capabilities of CATS are unique, and this work demonstrates the use of these observations to monitor and model volcanic clouds.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN41915 , Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); Volume 43; No. 20; 11,089–11,097
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  • 64
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2017-06-08
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Aeronautics (General); Cybernetics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN31128 , Embedded Systems Conference; 13-14 Apr. 2016; Boston, MA; United States
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2017-03-22
    Description: We present a spherical harmonic solution of the static gravity field of Mars to degree and order 120, GMM-3, that has been calculated using the Deep Space Network tracking data of the NASA Mars missions, Mars Global Surveyor (MGS), Mars Odyssey (ODY), and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). We have also jointly determined spherical harmonic solutions for the static and time-variable gravity field of Mars, and the Mars k 2 Love numbers, exclusive of the gravity contribution of the atmosphere. Consequently, the retrieved time-varying gravity coefficients and the Love number k 2 solely yield seasonal variations in the mass of the polar caps and the solid tides of Mars, respectively. We obtain a Mars Love number k 2 of 0.1697 +/-0.0027 (3- sigma). The inclusion of MRO tracking data results in improved seasonal gravity field coefficients C 30 and, for the first time, C 50 . Refinements of the atmospheric model in our orbit determination program have allowed us to monitor the odd zonal harmonic C 30 for approx.1.5 solar cycles (16 years). This gravity model shows improved correlations with MOLA topography up to 15% larger at higher harmonics ( l = 6080) than previous solutions.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN40220 , ICARUS (ISSN 0019-1035 ; e-ISSN 1090-2643); Volume 272; 228–245
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  • 66
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2017-07-01
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: JSC-CN-37381-2 , 2016 Tri-Lateral Safety and Mission Assurance Conference; 13-15 Sep. 2016; Sagamihara; Japan
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  • 67
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-05-24
    Description: Starting a business in any endeavor is considered to be a laborious task fraught with failure, late nights, and a spartan lifestyle. I have been honored to say that this is all true to a certain extent. It is also an extremely rewarding experience despite the difficulties encountered in such a venture. This report seeks to convey to the reader my experience of one such startup through the International Space University's Masters program and my internship at NASA Ames Space Portal. The report is divided into two primary sections which chronicle my time. Part I is comprised of The Basics of the project which provides background and context of the proposed business to the uninitiated. The basics needed to be redefined upon arrival at space portal and this refinement is covered in this section. Part II details A New Direction where we transition from the basics to a new plan for the project and the work accomplished. This section covers the second half of the internship.
    Keywords: Administration and Management; General
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN34187
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) applies large-diameter optics (2.5-m primary mirror) for diffraction-limited resolution spanning an extended wavelength range (approx. 100-2500 nm). Its Pointing Control System (PCS) Reaction Wheel Assemblies (RWAs), in the Support Systems Module (SSM), acquired an unprecedented set of high-sensitivity Induced Vibration (IV) data for 5 flight-certified RWAs: dwelling at set rotation rates. Focused on 4 key ratios, force and moment harmonic values (in 3 local principal directions) are extracted in the RWA operating range (0-3000 RPM). The IV test data, obtained under ambient lab conditions, are investigated in detail, evaluated, compiled, and curve-fitted; variational trends, core causes, and unforeseen anomalies are addressed. In aggregate, these values constitute a statistically-valid basis to quantify ground test-to-test variations and facilitate extrapolations to on-orbit conditions. Accumulated knowledge of bearing-rotor vibrational sources, corresponding harmonic contributions, and salient elements of IV key variability factors are discussed. An evolved methodology is presented for absolute assessments and relative comparisons of macro-level IV signal magnitude due to micro-level construction-assembly geometric details/imperfections stemming from both electrical drive and primary bearing design parameters. Based upon studies of same-size/similar-design momentum wheels' IV changes, upper estimates due to transitions from ground tests to orbital conditions are derived. Recommended HST RWA choices are discussed relative to system optimization/tradeoffs of Line-Of-Sight (LOS) vector-pointing focal-plane error driven by higher IV transmissibilities through low-damped structural dynamics that stimulate optical elements. Unique analytical disturbance results for orbital HST accelerations are described applicable to microgravity efforts. Conclusions, lessons learned, historical context/insights, and perspectives on future applications are given; these previously unpublished data and findings represents a valuable resource for fine-pointing spacecraft or space-based platforms using RWAs, Control Moment Gyros (CMGs), Momentum Wheels, or other ball-bearing-based rotational units.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Instrumentation and Astrionics; Mechanical Engineering
    Type: 43rd Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium; 373-400; NASA/CP-2016-219090
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: A DC motor's performance is usually characterized by a series of tests, which are conducted by pass/fail criteria. In most cases, these tests are adequate to address the performance characteristics under environmental and loading effects with some uncertainties and decent power/torque margins. However, if the motor performance requirement is very stringent, a better understanding of the motor characteristics is required. The purpose of this paper is to establish a standard way to extract the torque components of the brushless motor and gear box characteristics of a high gear ratio geared motor from the composite geared motor testing and motor parameter measurement. These torque components include motor magnetic detent torque, Coulomb torque, viscous torque, windage torque, and gear tooth sliding torque. The Aerospace Corp bearing torque model and MPB torque models are used to predict the Coulomb torque of the motor rotor bearings and to model the viscous components. Gear tooth sliding friction torque is derived from the dynamo geared motor test data. With these torque data, the geared motor mechanical efficiency can be estimated and provide the overall performance of the geared motor versus several motor operating parameters such as speed, temperature, applied current, and transmitted power.
    Keywords: Mechanical Engineering
    Type: 43rd Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium; 279-292; NASA/CP-2016-219090
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: Magnetic microsystems in the form of magneto-resistive (MR) sensors are firmly established in automobiles and industrial applications. They are used to measure travel, angle, electrical current, or magnetic fields. MR technology opens up new sensor possibilities in space applications and can be an enabling technology for optimal performance, high robustness and long lifetime at reasonable costs. In some science missions, the technology is already applied, however, the designs are proprietary and case specific, for instance in case of the angular sensors used for JPL/NASA's Mars rover Curiosity [1]. Since 2013 HTS GmbH and Sensitec GmbH have teamed up to develop and qualify a standardized yet flexible to use MR angular sensor for space mechanisms. Starting with a first assessment study and market survey performed under ESA contract, a very strong industry interest in novel, contactless position measurement means was found. Currently a detailed and comprehensive development program is being performed by HTS and Sensitec. The objective of this program is to advance the sensor design up to Engineering Qualification Model level and to perform qualification testing for a representative space application. The paper briefly reviews the basics of magneto-resistive effects and possible sensor applications and describes the key benefits of MR angular sensors with reference to currently operational industrial and space applications. The key applications and specification are presented and the preliminary baseline mechanical and electrical design will be discussed. An outlook on the upcoming development and test stages as well as the qualification program will be provided.
    Keywords: Mechanical Engineering
    Type: 43rd Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium; 177-183; NASA/CP-2016-219090
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: Launch lock and release mechanisms constitute a common space business, however, some science missions due to very challenging functional and performance requirements need the development and testing of dedicated systems. In the LISA Pathfinder mission, a gold-coated 2-kg test mass must be injected into a nearly pure geodesic trajectory with a minimal residual velocity with respect to the spacecraft. This task is performed by the Grabbing Positioning and Release Mechanism, which has been tested on-ground to provide the required qualification. In this paper, we describe the test method that analyzes the main contributions to the mechanism performance and focuses on the critical parameters affecting the residual test mass velocity at the injection into the geodesic trajectory. The test results are also presented and discussed.
    Keywords: Mechanical Engineering
    Type: 43rd Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium; 15-28; NASA/CP-2016-219090
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: This paper describes a high-precision optical metrology system - a unique ground test equipment which was designed and implemented for simultaneous precise contactless measurements of 6 degrees-of-freedom (3 translational + 3 rotational) of a space mechanism end-effector [1] in a thermally controlled ISO 5 clean environment. The developed contactless method reconstructs both position and attitude of the specimen from three cross-sections measured by 2D distance sensors [2]. The cleanliness is preserved by the hermetic test chamber filled with high purity nitrogen. The specimen's temperature is controlled by the thermostat [7]. The developed method excludes errors caused by the thermal deformations and manufacturing inaccuracies of the test jig. Tests and simulations show that the measurement accuracy of an object absolute position is of 20 micron in in-plane measurement (XY) and about 50 micron out of plane (Z). The typical absolute attitude is determined with an accuracy better than 3 arcmin in rotation around X and Y and better than 10 arcmin in Z. The metrology system is able to determine relative position and movement with an accuracy one order of magnitude lower than the absolute accuracy. Typical relative displacement measurement accuracies are better than 1 micron in X and Y and about 2 micron in Z. Finally, the relative rotation can be measured with accuracy better than 20 arcsec in any direction.
    Keywords: Mechanical Engineering; Ground Support Systems and Facilities (Space)
    Type: 43rd Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium; 439-452; NASA/CP-2016-219090
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: The 6U (approx.10 cm x 20 cm x 30 cm) cubesat Near Earth Asteroid (NEA) Scout1, projected for launch in September 2018 aboard the maiden voyage of the Space Launch System, will utilize a solar sail as its main method of propulsion throughout its approx.3-year mission to a Near Earth Asteroid. Due to the extreme volume constraints levied onto the mission, an acutely compact solar sail deployment mechanism has been designed to meet the volume and mass constraints, as well as provide enough propulsive solar sail area and quality in order to achieve mission success. The design of such a compact system required the development of approximately half a dozen prototypes in order to identify unforeseen problems, advance solutions, and build confidence in the final design product. This paper focuses on the obstacles of developing a solar sail deployment mechanism for such an application and the lessons learned from a thorough development process. The lessons presented will have significant applications beyond the NEA Scout mission, such as the development of other deployable boom mechanisms and uses for gossamer-thin films in space.
    Keywords: Mechanical Engineering
    Type: 43rd Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium; 315-328; NASA/CP-2016-219090
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: This paper describes the design of a unique suite of mechanisms that make up the Deployment and Pointing System (DAPS) for the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER/SEXTANT) instrument, an X-Ray telescope, which will be mounted on the International Space Station (ISS). The DAPS system uses four stepper motor actuators to deploy the telescope box, latch it in the deployed position, and allow it to track sky targets. The DAPS gimbal architecture provides full-hemisphere coverage, and is fully re-stowable. The compact design of the mechanism allowed the majority of total instrument volume to be used for science. Override features allow DAPS to be stowed by ISS robotics.
    Keywords: Mechanical Engineering; Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: 43rd Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium; 261-268; NASA/CP-2016-219090
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: NEAScout, a 6U cubesat and secondary payload on NASA's EM-1, will use an 85 sq m solar sail to travel to a near-earth asteroid at about 1 Astronomical Unit (about 1.5 x 10(exp 8) km) for observation and reconnaissance1. A combination of reaction wheels, reaction control system, and a slow rotisserie roll about the solar sail's normal axis were expected to handle attitude control and adjust for imperfections in the deployed sail during the 2.5-year mission. As the design for NEAScout matured, one of the critical design parameters, the offset in the center of mass and center of pressure (CP/CM offset), proved to be sub-optimal. After significant mission and control analysis, the CP/CM offset was accommodated by the addition of a new subsystem to NEAScout. This system, called the Active Mass Translator (AMT), would reside near the geometric center of NEAScout and adjust the CM by moving one portion of the flight system relative to the other. The AMT was given limited design space - 17 mm of the vehicle's assembly height-and was required to generate +/-8 cm by +/-2 cm translation to sub-millimeter accuracy. Furthermore, the design must accommodate a large wire bundle of small gage, single strand wire and coax cables fed through the center of the mechanism. The bend radius, bend resistance, and the exposure to deep space environment complicates the AMT design and operation and necessitated a unique design to mitigate risks of wire bundle damage, binding, and cold-welding during operation. This paper will outline the design constraints for the AMT, discuss the methods and reasoning for design, and identify the lessons learned through the designing, breadboarding and testing for the low-profile translation stages with wire feedthrough capability.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance; Mechanical Engineering
    Type: 43rd Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium; 155-162; NASA/CP-2016-219090
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: The 16th anniversary of the launch of NASA's Terra Spacecraft was marked on December 18, 2015, with the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument being a successful contributor to the NASA EOS flagship. MOPITT has been enabled by a large suite of mechanisms, allowing the instrument to perform long-duration monitoring of atmospheric carbon monoxide, providing global measurements of this important greenhouse gas for 16 years. Mechanisms have been successfully employed for scanning, cooling of detectors, and to optically modulate the gas path length within the instrument by means of pressure and gas cell length variation. The instrument utilizes these devices to perform correlation spectroscopy, enabling measurements with vertical resolution from the nadir view, and has thereby furthered understanding of source and global transport effects of carbon monoxide. Given the design requirement for a 5.25-year lifetime, the stability and performance of the majority of mechanisms have far surpassed design goals. With 16 continuously operating mechanisms in service on MOPITT, including 12 rotating mechanisms and 4 with linear drive elements, the instrument was an ambitious undertaking. The long life requirements combined with demands for cleanliness and optical stability made for difficult design choices including that of the selection of new lubrication processes. Observations and lessons learned with regards to many aspects of the mechanisms and associated monitoring devices are discussed here. Mechanism behaviors are described, including anomalies, long-term drive current/power, fill pressure, vibration and cold-tip temperature trends. The effectiveness of particular lubrication formulations and the screening method implemented is discussed in relation to continuous rotating mechanisms and stepper motors, which have exceeded 15 billon rotations and 2.5 billion steps respectively. Aspects of gas cell hermeticity, optical cleanliness, heater problems and SEU effects on accelerometers are also discussed.
    Keywords: Mechanical Engineering
    Type: 43rd Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium; 329-343; NASA/CP-2016-219090
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: For an Intersatellite Link (ISL) of a future constellation program, a study phase was initiated by ESA to design a mechanism for Radio Frequency communication. Airbus DS Friedrichshafen (ADSF) proposed a design based on the Antenna Pointing Mechanism (APM) family with modifications that met the stated needs of the constellation. A qualification program was started beginning in September 2015 to verify the launch and thermal loads and the equipment performance (Radio Frequency, Pointing, Microvibration and Magnetic Moment). Technical challenges identified with the Engineering Model will be discussed within this paper.
    Keywords: Space Communications, Spacecraft Communications, Command and Tracking; Mechanical Engineering
    Type: 43rd Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium; 247-260; NASA/CP-2016-219090
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: CN-250X is a new material with higher performance than Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloy (SMA). For space mechanisms, the main disadvantage of Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloy is the limited transformation temperature. The new CN-250X Nimesis alloy is a Cu-Al-Ni single crystal wire available in large quantity because of a new industrial process. The triggering of actuators made with this Cu-Al-Ni single crystal wire can range from ambient temperature to 200 C in cycling and even to 250 C in one-shot mode. Another advantage of CN-250X is a better shape recovery (8 to 10%) than Ni-Ti (6 to 7%). Nimesis is the first company able to produce this type of material with its new special industrial process. A characterization study is presented in this work, including the two main solicitation modes for this material: tensile and torsion. Different tests measure the shape recovery of Cu-Al-Ni single crystals wires during heating from room temperature to a temperature higher than temperature of end of martensitic transformation.
    Keywords: Mechanical Engineering
    Type: 43rd Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium; 185-191; NASA/CP-2016-219090
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: This paper presents results from tests to assess the use of anaerobic adhesive for providing a prevailing torque locking feature in threaded fasteners. Test procedures are developed and tests are performed on three fastener materials, four anaerobic adhesives, and both unseated assembly conditions. Five to ten samples are tested for each combination. Tests for initial use, reuse without additional adhesive, and reuse with additional adhesive are performed for all samples. A 48-hour cure time was used for all initial use and reuse tests. Test data are presented as removal torque versus removal angle with the specification required prevailing torque range added for performance assessment. Percent specification pass rates for the all combinations of fastener material, adhesive, and assembly condition are tabulated and reveal use of anaerobic adhesive as a prevailing torque locking feature is viable. Although not every possible fastener material and anaerobic adhesive combination provides prevailing torque values within specification, any combination can be assessed using the test procedures presented. Reuse without additional anaerobic adhesive generally provides some prevailing torque, and in some cases within specification. Reuse with additional adhesive often provides comparable removal torque data as in initial use.
    Keywords: Structural Mechanics; Mechanical Engineering
    Type: 43rd Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium; 193-198; NASA/CP-2016-219090
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2019-05-21
    Description: Africa's vast landmass harbors a variety of physical processes that affect the environment and the water cycle. This focus issue on the "African Environmental Processes and Water-Cycle Dynamics" contains eight articles that address these phenomena from different but complementary perspectives. Fires used for agricultural and related purposes play a major role in land-cover change, surface albedo modifications, and smoke emission; all of which affect the environment and the water cycle in different ways. However, emissions of aerosols and trace gases are not restricted to fires, but also emanate from other natural and human activities. The African water cycle undergoes significant perturbations that are attributable to several factors, including the aforesaid environmental processes. These changes in the water cycle have produced severe drought and flooding events in recent decades that affect societal wellbeing across sub-Saharan Africa. The combined effects of the environmental processes and water-cycle dynamics affect and are affected by climate variability and can be propagated beyond the continent. Future studies should utilize the wealth of observations and modeling tools that are constantly improving to clearly elucidate the interrelationships between all of these phenomena for the benefit of society.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN39701 , Environmental Research Letters (e-ISSN 1748-9326); 11; 12; 120206
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2019-07-06
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: JPL-CL-16-0625 , AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting; Napa, CA; United States
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  • 82
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    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-06
    Description: Video describing UTM
    Keywords: Air Transportation and Safety
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN33180
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  • 83
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-06
    Description: Animation video explaining ATD-2
    Keywords: Air Transportation and Safety
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN33179
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2019-07-03
    Description: A key aspect of adopting model-based systems engineering as a practice in an organization is the design and development, and adoption of corresponding processes and tools that support the model-based paradigm. In an effort to enable the unified implementation of such processes and tools, this paper introduces a reference architecture model that serves as a specification for a model-based engineering environment. Current systems engineering practices, products, processes and technologies are used as input for continuously refining the architecture model. In the paper, we introduce and report on the current status of this reference architecture model, and present the methodology applied in developing the reference architecture. We conclude that while there are a very large number of domain- or application-specific processes requiring specialized behavior, these can be reduced through abstraction to a small set of core functions that need to be supported by a realization of a model-based engineering environment. Only very few organization-domain- or application-specific aspects require specialized consideration.
    Keywords: Computer Systems
    Type: JPL-CL-16-3827
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2019-07-04
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Geosciences (General)
    Type: JPL-CL-16-0363
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: In this work, budgets of the turbulent kinetic energy are presented for a two-dimensional shock wave boundary-layer interaction (SBLI). The work should be of interest to the SBLI research and turbulence modeling community.
    Keywords: Numerical Analysis; Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: GRC-E-DAA-TN32541 , Annual Shock Wave Boundary Layer Interaction (SWBLI) Technical Interchange Meeting (TIM); 24-25 May 2016; Cleveland, OH; United States
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: This paper describes the design of a passive isolation system using D-struts (Registered TradeMark) to isolate an optical payload from aircraft-borne jitter with challenging stroke per volume requirements. It discusses the use of viscoelastic-coated D-struts that meet the customer performance and outgassing specification, NASA-1124. The result was a relatively soft isolation system, (where the first mode was 13 Hz), with each individual strut capable of withstanding loads on the order of magnitude of 623 N (140 lbf), weighing less than 910 g (2 lbm), fitting in a volume 5.1 cm (2 inches) in diameter and 12-cm (4.7-inches) long and capable of performing up to 1000 Hz without nonlinearities.
    Keywords: Mechanical Engineering
    Type: 43rd Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium; 149-154; NASA/CP-2016-219090
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: The Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) instrument scan system on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) spacecraft has experienced several randomly occurring increased torque 'events' since its on-orbit activation in November 2011. Based on a review of on-orbit telemetry data and data gathered from scan mechanism bearing life testing on the ground, the conclusion was drawn that some degradation of Teflon toroid ball retainers was occurring in the instrument Scan Drive Mechanism. A life extension program was developed and executed on-orbit with very good results to date. The life extension program consisted of reversing the mechanism for a limited number of consecutive scans every day.
    Keywords: Mechanical Engineering; Spacecraft Instrumentation and Astrionics; Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: 43rd Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium; 77-89; NASA/CP-2016-219090
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: This paper describes the design, testing, and lessons learned during the development of the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) Beam Steering Mechanism (BSM). The BSM is a 2 degree-of-freedom tip-tilt mechanism for the purpose of pointing a flat mirror to tightly control the co-alignment of the transmitted laser and the receiver telescope of the ATLAS instrument. The high resolution needs of the mission resulted in sub-arcsecond pointing and knowledge requirements, which have been met. Development of the methodology to verify performance required significant effort. The BSM will fly as part of the Ice, Cloud, and Elevation Satellite II Mission (ICESat II), which is scheduled to be launched in 2017. The ICESat II primary mission is to map the Earth's surface topography for the determination of seasonal changes of ice sheet thickness and vegetation canopy thickness to establish long-term trends.
    Keywords: Mechanical Engineering
    Type: 43rd Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium; 1-14; NASA/CP-2016-219090
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: Ball bearings used inside the ISS Distillation Assembly centrifuge require superior corrosion and shock resistance to withstand acidic wastewater exposure and heavy spacecraft launch related loads. These requirements challenge conventional steel bearings and provide an ideal pathfinder application for 50-mm bore, deep-groove ball bearings made from the corrosion immune and highly elastic intermetallic material 60NiTi. During early ground testing in 2014 one 60NiTi bearing unexpectedly and catastrophically failed after operating for only 200 hr. A second bearing running on the same shaft was completely unaffected. An investigation into the root cause of the failure determined that an excessively tight press fit of the bearing outer race coupled with NiTi's relatively low elastic modulus were key contributing factors. The proposed failure mode was successfully replicated by experiment. To further corroborate the root cause theory, a successful bearing life test using improved installation practices (selective fitting) was conducted. The results show that NiTi bearings are suitable for space applications provided that care is taken to accommodate their unique material characteristics.
    Keywords: Mechanical Engineering
    Type: 43rd Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium; 91-106; NASA/CP-2016-219090
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2019-05-17
    Description: The effects of micro-additions of boron and zirconium on grain-boundary (GB) structure and strength inpolycrystalline (f.c.c.) plus (L12) strengthened Co-9.5Al-7.5W-X at. % alloys (X=0-Ternary, 0.05B, 0.01B,0.05Zr, and 0.005B-0.05Zr at. %) are studied. Creep tests performed at 850 C demonstrate that GB strength and cohesion limit the creep resistance and ductility of the ternary B- and Zr-free alloy due to intergranular fracture. Alloys with 0.05B and 0.005B-0.05Zr both exhibit improved creep strength due to enhanced GB cohesion,compared to the baseline ternary Co-9.5Al-7.5W alloy, but alloys containing 0.01B or 0.05Zr additions displayed no benefit. Atom-probe tomography (APT) is utilized to measure GB segregation, where B and Zr are demonstrated to segregate at GBs. A Gibbsian interfacial excess of 5.57 1.04 atoms nm(exp) -2 was found for B at aGB in the 0.01B alloy and 2.88 0.81 and 2.40 0.84 atoms nm2 for B and Zr, respectively, for the 0.005B-0.05Zr alloy. The GBs in the highest B-containing (0.05B) alloy exhibit micrometer-sized boride precipitates with adjacent precipitate denuded-zones (PDZs), whereas secondary precipitation at the GBs is absent in theother four alloys. The 0.05B alloy has the smallest room temperature yield strength, by 6%, which is attributedto the PDZs, but it exhibits the largest increase in creep strength (with an ~2.5 order of magnitude decrease inthe minimum strain rate for a given stress at 850 C) over the baseline Co-9.5Al-7.5W alloy.
    Keywords: Metals and Metallic Materials
    Type: GRC-E-DAA-TN50496 , Materials Science & Engineering: A (ISSN 0921-5093); 682; 260-269
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Unexpected turbulence especially in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere where cabin crews and passengers in cruising aircraft are likely to unbuckle causes in-flight injuries, structural damage, and flight delay. Therefore, turbulence information can be used to improve safety while pursuing efficiency in Air-Traffic Management (ATM). In this chapter, simple modeling of aircraft trajectories combined with wind and turbulence predictions can suggest the optimal solution of flight plans that minimizes both total flight time (e.g., fuel consumption) and potential encounters of turbulence from departure to arrival airports. Also, probabilistic ensemble turbulence forecasts are applied to suggest an optimal strategic and tactical ATM route planning in a given weather and turbulence condition in the United States which are evaluated against in situ Eddy Dissipation Rate observations from commercial aircraft. Finally, variations of long-haul trans-Oceanic flight routes and their turbulence potentials are investigated using a global reanalysis data to understand how the upper-level large-scale flow patterns can affect the long-term ATM planning through the changes of winds and turbulence conditions.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics; Aircraft Communications and Navigation
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN22131 , Aviation Turbulence: Processes, Detection, Prediction ; 481-500
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  • 93
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    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: HSFAM is a data model based on the DoDAF 2.02 data model with some for purpose extensions. These extensions are designed to permit quantitative analyses regarding stakeholder concerns about technical feasibility, configuration and interface issues, and budgetary and/or economic viability.
    Keywords: Documentation and Information Science
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2019-08-05
    Description: The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) entered Mars orbit on March 10, 2006. After five months of aerobraking, a series of propulsive maneuvers were used to establish the desired low-altitude science orbit. The spacecraft has been on station in its 255 x 320 km, sun-synchronous (~3 am-pm), primary science orbit since September 2006 performing both scientific and Mars programmatic support functions. This paper will provide a summary of the major achievements of the mission to date and the major flight activities planned for the remainder of its third Extended Mission (EM3). Some of the major flight challenges the flight team has faced are also discussed.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JPL-CL-16-0909 , IEEE Aerospace Conference; Mar 05, 2016 - Mar 12, 2016; Big Sky, MT; United States
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  • 95
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    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-08-05
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JPL-CL-16-0864 , MEPAG Meeting; Mar 02, 2016 - Mar 03, 2016; Silver Spring, MD; United States
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2019-08-03
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Physics (General)
    Type: JPL-CL-16-0856
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2019-08-03
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Space Communications, Spacecraft Communications, Command and Tracking
    Type: JPL-CL-16-0850 , IEEE Aerospace Conference ; Mar 05, 2016 - Mar 12, 2016; Big Sky, MT; United States
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  • 98
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    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-26
    Description: The NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) Office of the Chief Scientist (OCS) is part of the Center Management. The OCS adds value to the organization by encouraging and facilitating innovation and value to the Agency, Nation, and the scientific community through its well-developed, diverse, and strategically formed charter. The OCS provides the Center with the oversight and advice by facilitating and evaluating the Scientific Innovation Fund (SIF) and promoting science-based research partnerships. Additionally, the Office contributes to to the Agency by organizing annual Summer Series Colloquia, Workshops, and support to the Early Career Network, which allows for international and inter-agency collaborations. Working at the OCS allowed me to further learn about the working of the Office and how the Office engages and provides guidance with rest of the Center and the Agency. As part of my internship, I am working on developing the initial infrastructure required for the organization of the Standardized Distributed Workshop and further developing the layout for the Hibernation Workshop. The Standardized Distributed System workshop will investigate the scope of developing and using standardized distributed systems for a wide range of applications including satellite systems, aerospace-oriented systems, water-based systems, automobiles, and various other robotics applications. The goal of this workshop is to determine the feasibility of developing a standardized distributed system that can be customized for different technological applications, which will enable resource sharing, openness, robustness, and fault tolerance. This workshop will bring together experts from different fields, including satellite operations, unmanned aerial vehicles, aircraft operation and management, and artificial intelligence to provide a global evaluation of the aspects associated with the development and adoption of distributed systems. The workshop will also guide the participants through state of the art distributed systems, discuss some of the challenges in designing control systems with a distributed structure, and consider the future of distributed system based technologies for future applications. Additionally, I am also working on finalizing the details and documentation for the proposed Hibernation Workshop. This workshop will address the phenomenon of hibernation through three major aspects: hibernation on Earth, hibernation in space, and knowledge gaps in the approaches to future deep space exploration. The primary objective of the workshop is to explore the current state of science in the area of hibernation, and as a scientific community, explore the gaps and challenges preventing this scientific field from advancing to the next level. This workshop will consist of presentations, panel discussions, and breakout sessions focused on addressing this scientific field, and bringing experts from educational and commercial sectors together. As a part of my internship report, I will be document the process of planning these workshops and further provide a brief summary of my experience with the 2016 NASA Ames Summer Series and various professional visits.
    Keywords: Systems Analysis and Operations Research; Life Sciences (General)
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN34277
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2019-06-20
    Description: We report the discovery of a planet OGLE-2014-BLG-0676Lb via gravitational microlensing. Observations for the lensing event were made by the following groups: Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics; Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment; Wise Observatory; RoboNETLas Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope; Microlensing Network for the Detection of Small Terrestrial Exoplanets; and -FUN. All analyses of the light-curve data favoura lens system comprising a planetary mass orbiting a host star. The most-favoured binary lens model has a mass ratio between the two lens masses of (4.78 +/- 0.13) 10(exp -3). Subject to some important assumptions, a Bayesian probability density analysis suggests the lens system comprises a 3.09(+1.02/-1.12) MJ planet orbiting a 0.62(+0.20/-0.22) solar mass host star at a deprojected orbital separation of 4.40(+2.16/-1.46) au. The distance to the lens system is 2.22(+0.96/-0.83) kpc. Planet OGLE-2014-BLG-0676Lb provides additional data to the growing number of cool planets discover redusing gravitational microlensing against which planetary formation theories may be tested. Most of the light in the baseline of this event is expected to come from the lens and thus high-resolution imaging observations could confirm our planetary model interpretation.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN64724 , GSFC-E-DAA-TN42195 , Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (ISSN 0035-8711 ) (e-ISSN 1365-2966); 466; 3; 2710-2717
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2019-06-07
    Description: In this paper, we report a MEMS preconcentrator (PC) - gas chromatograph (GC) that is a crucial part of the Spacecraft Atmosphere Monitor (S.A.M.). The S.A.M. is a highly miniature gas chromatograph - mass spectrometer (GC-MS) for monitoring the atmosphere of crewed spacecraft for both trace organic compounds and the major constituents of the cabin air. The S.A.M. instrument is the next generation of GC-MS, based on JPLs Vehicle Cabin Air Monitor (VCAM), which was launched to the International Space Station (ISS) in April 2010 and successfully operated for two years [1, 2]. The S.A.M. employs a unique MEMS PC-GC technology that replaces the macro PC-GC unit in the VCAM. We report herein the current progress of the MEMS PC-GC for the S.A.M. instrument.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Instrumentation and Astrionics
    Type: JPL-CL-16-1835
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