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  • business ethics  (18)
  • 2000-2004  (18)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of value-based management 13 (2000), S. 55-77 
    ISSN: 1572-8528
    Schlagwort(e): values ; human nature ; organizational culture ; business ethics ; leadership
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This study explores how managers perceive the issue ofcreating `common values,' what change strategies theyprefer, and their reflection on `value-basedmanagement.'Common values are the glue which binds anorganization together; they motivate and createa sense of community. If properly implemented, theemployees can be trusted in the absence of directrules and regulations. Most managers embrace a holistic view of man on a rhetorical level, but thewell-being of the company has priority in practice.Given these assumptions, held reluctantly orimplicitly, there is little leeway for democraticmanagement.This methodological reduction of man mostlyremains hidden. Without an open discussion, suchshort-term deviations from an ideal situation runthe risk of being a permanent conflict in the companyculture, or lead to an ontological reduction ofman.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of value-based management 13 (2000), S. 141-158 
    ISSN: 1572-8528
    Schlagwort(e): business ethics ; ethics in purchasing ; environmental protection in purchasing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This article discusses a transfer of moral values between purchasing and supplying organisation in the manufacturing sector. In the first part, the relevant literature is discussed to glean criteria, which could facilitate such a transfer. Given a scarcity of research into ethics in purchasing, the literature review is extended into related fields, such as total quality management, environmental purchasing in retailing and minority vendor programmes in the U.S. In the second part, the question is raised whether such a transfer can at all lay claim to being of moral value. The process is screened against established ethical theories, which are found to support it. Finally, the financial impact of such a policy on the supplier is considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Teaching business ethics 4 (2000), S. 239-256 
    ISSN: 1573-1944
    Schlagwort(e): Multidimensional Ethics Scale ; personal religiousness ; business ethics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Philosophie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The study examines the relationship betweenmoral judgments of a business situation with ethicalcontent and personal religiousness. The findingssuggest that ethical interest and behaviour arerelated to religiousness. However, only the ethicalphilosophy of contractualism was found to be relatedto religiousness, while moral equity and relativismwere not.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Teaching business ethics 4 (2000), S. 341-358 
    ISSN: 1573-1944
    Schlagwort(e): business ethics ; business’ role in the community ; community service ; ethics ; service learning ; undergraduate business students ; values and opinions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Philosophie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Until now, there has been little research assessingthe impact and extent of business ethics education andservice learning upon students’ values and opinions. This paper studies the influence of these variables byanalyzing 129 junior-level students’ ethical valuesand opinions before and after these experiences. Through the use of the Students’ Values and OpinionsSurvey (SVOS) as a measurement gauge, we foundsignificant support for our hypotheses that a businessethics course and a community service experiencepositively affect students’ values and opinions. Thus, we found desirable improvement in the ethicalvalues and opinions of students after they wereexposed to service learning and business ethicseducation. In addition, we explored the impact ofservice learning by gender and prior communityservice. We did not find a significant difference inthe effect of service learning for men or women, butdid find that prior community service increased thepositive impact for students completing theircommunity service requirement in this study.
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 25 (2000), S. 33-51 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Schlagwort(e): business ethics ; business and society ; consumerism ; corporate environmentalism ; corporate social accounting ; corporate social responsibility ; stakeholder model ; societal marketing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Philosophie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Most models of corporate social responsibility revolve around the controversy as to whether business is a single dimensional entity of profit maximization or a multi-dimensional entity serving greater societal interests. Furthermore, the models are mostly descriptive in nature and are based on the experiences of western countries. There has been little attempt to develop a model that accounts for corporate social responsibility in diverse environments with differing socio-cultural and market settings. In this paper an attempt has been made to fill this gap by developing a two-dimensional model of corporate social responsibility and empirically testing its validity in the context of two dissimilar cultures – Australia and Bangladesh. The two dimensions are the span of corporate responsibility (narrow to wider perspective) and the range of outcomes of social commitments of businesses (cost to benefit driven perspective). The test results confirm the validity of the two-dimensional model in the two environments. The Factor analysis revealed two leading dimensions. Cluster analysis pointed to two distinctive clusters of managers in both Australia and Bangladesh, one consisting of managers with a broad contemporary concept of social responsibility, and the other with a limited narrow view. The paper concludes that corporate social responsibility is two-dimensional and universal in nature and that differing cultural and market settings in which managers operate may have little impact on the ethical perceptions of corporate managers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 28 (2000), S. 59-72 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Schlagwort(e): business ethics ; cognition and organization culture ; control ; corporate crimes ; Japanese management ; norm ; phenomenology ; qualitative methods ; scandals
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Philosophie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This study introduced a phenomenological approach to the study of the companies that committed corporate crimes. The author first developed the epistemology of normative control which is based on the philosophical ground of phenomenology, sociology of knowledge, ethnomethodology, Habermas's normative theories, and Foucault's normalizing discourse in the context of organizations. He, then, showed the procedures for conducting a qualitative and phenomenological empirical case study of an aggressive Japanese company whose name appeared in the media for its scandal in Tokyo. The inquiry revealed the generative mechanism of normative control and the patterns of constructing social reality of workplaces in a Japanese company.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 27 (2000), S. 9-19 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Schlagwort(e): business ethics ; business risk ; conduct risk management ; corporate social responsibility ; ethics ; ethics auditing ; licences to operate ; risk management ; social accountability ; social audits ; social reporting
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Philosophie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The explosion of interest in responsible corporate citizenship since 1995 has reminded many of the earlier rapid development of interest in environmental management issues. Active stakeholders and lobby groups have successfully exerted pressures on management for improved corporate behaviour. The paper looks at some recent initiatives and draws conclusions about the imprecise terminologies in use. It moves on to consider tools to better manage business risk exposures within the corporation. The example of the “Business Ethics Strategic Survey” is described, together with the attendant benefits it can deliver to company chairmen, Audit Committees and investment fund managers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 27 (2000), S. 125-136 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Schlagwort(e): business ethics ; caring ; feminine ; Hofstede ; justice ; masculine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Philosophie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract A conflict within the community of those investigating business ethics is whether decision makers are motivated by an ethics of justice or an ethics of caring. The proposition put forward in this paper is that ethical orientations are strongly related to cultural backgrounds. Specifically, Hofstede's cultural stereotyping using his masculine-feminine dimension may well match a culture's reliance on justice or caring when decisions are made. A study of college graduates from six countries showed that Hofstede's dimension was remarkably accurate in predicating a justice or caring orientation for decision makers from five of the six countries.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 27 (2000), S. 351-362 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Schlagwort(e): business ethics ; ethical work climate ; ethical decision making ; ethical judgments
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Philosophie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Dimensions of the ethical work climate, as conceptualized by Victor and Cullen (1988), are potentially important influences on individual ethical decision-making in the organizational context. The present study examined the direct and indirect effects of individuals' perceptions of work climate on their ethical judgments and behavioral intentions regarding an ethical dilemma. A national sample of marketers was surveyed in a scenario-based research study. The results indicated that, although perceived climate dimensions did not have a direct effect on behavioral intentions, there were significant moderating effects. Climates perceived as emphasizing social responsibility and rules/codes moderated the individual ethical judgment-behavioral intentions relationship such that individuals were less likely to say that they would engage in a questionable selling practice even when they themselves did not believe the practice to be unethical. Respondents were somewhat more likely to form intentions consistent with their judgment that the questionable practice was morally acceptable when the ethical climate was characterized by an emphasis on team/friendship.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 28 (2000), S. 109-119 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Schlagwort(e): business ethics ; caveat venditor ; contracts of merchants ; incunabula ; just price ; medieval moral philosophy ; scholastic economic thought ; usury
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Philosophie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract There are varying opinions about whether or not the field of business ethics has a history or is a development of more modern times. It is suggested that a book by a Dominican Friar, Johannes Nider, De Contractibus Mercatorum, written ca. 1430 and published ca. 1468 provides a basis for a history of over 500 years. Business ethics grew out of attempts to reconcile Biblical precepts, canon law, civil law, the teachings of the Church Fathers, and the writings of early philosophers with the realities of expanding economic activity. Nider's background is discussed as well as his book as an example of incunabula. Nider was one of the Scholastics who provided a link between Aristotle and later Reformation thinkers. In Nider we find caveat venditor as his moral guide to merchants as well as other surprisingly modern ideas such as justice in exchange; restitution for defective goods; the market as the final arbiter of value; and the importance of creating utility in products.
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 23 (2000), S. 67-71 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Schlagwort(e): business ethics ; feminist ethics ; Free Trade Area of the Americas ; NAFTA ; western hemisphere ; Whitehead
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Philosophie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The first part of my presentation is a short outline of how a feminist, process-oriented, i.e. in a Whiteheadian tradition, business ethics may look like. In the second part, I want to apply this approach in the field of American foreign trade policy concerning the extension of the North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA) to a free trade zone of the Western Hemisphere. I want to focus on ethical problems for the business of the Free Trade Area of the Americas. By taking my business ethics approach into consideration, I want to open up perspectives for a Whiteheadian view of the problem of the Free Trade Area.
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 24 (2000), S. 257-272 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Schlagwort(e): academic discipline ; business ethics ; macro ; management ; managerial ; meso ; micro ; political ; political philosophy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Philosophie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper attempts to mediate between the extremes of a managerial conception of business ethics which subordinates it to management and a political conception which subordinates it to political philosophy. The mediated position arrived at sees the central focus of business ethics in the intersection of micro-managerial concerns with macro-political ones provided by the task of determining morally optimum forms of business. Involvement with the macro rules out subordination to management while, conversely, involvement with the micro rules out subordination to political philosophy. Moreover, such is the (increasing) social importance of business, that business ethics can have at least co-equal explanatory status with political philosophy as a discipline.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 27 (2000), S. 79-88 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Schlagwort(e): business ethics ; communication ; discourse ; ethics ; Habermas ; implicit contracts ; Luhmann ; multicultural organisations ; organisations ; values
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Philosophie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract "Ethical Leadership" in modern multicultural corporations is first the consideration of different personal and cultural value systems in decision-making processes. Second, it is the assignment of responsibility either to individual or organisational causalities. The task of this study is to set the stage for a distinction between rational entities and the arbitrary preferences of individuals in economic decision making processes. Defining rational aspects of behaviour in economics will lead to the formal structures of organisational systems, which are independent of concrete but varying “values”. Luhmann's “Theory of systems of communication” describes the internal dynamic forces of economic communication processes in terms of formal structures. On the other hand Habermas' “Theory of discourse” integrates the previous relationship between individual subjectivity and rational behaviour. Habermas gives an indication of how to separate subjective values and meaning from rational arguments in rational communication processes. The translation of these theoretical structures into practical applications for decision making processes and decision taking acts links the ethical, or value-oriented, context precisely to both individual and organisational areas of responsibility.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 26 (2000), S. 75-88 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Schlagwort(e): business ethics ; organizational development ; organization theory ; systems theory
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Philosophie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract In this article two important organizational concepts – lean production and sociotechnical systems design – are evaluated on their reflective capacity and their (moral) outcomes. At least in theory both concepts entail a promise of overcoming some of the irreflexive pitfalls of rational organization. As will be shown, both concepts do have shortcomings too. It is argued that the meaning and value of the concepts is related to the context in which the systems are implemented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 27 (2000), S. 105-115 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Schlagwort(e): business ethics ; cross-cultural management ; dilemma reconciliation ; ethical codes ; trans-cultural competence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Philosophie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The Trompenaars database (1993) updated with Hampden-Turner (1998) has been assembled to help managers structure their cross cultural experiences in order to develop their competence for doing business and managing across the world. The database comprises more than 50,000 cases from over 100 countries and is one of the world's richest sources of social constructs. Woolliams and Trompenaars (1998) review the analysis undertaken by the authors in the last five years to develop the methodological approach underpinning the work. Recently Trompenaars with Hampden-Turner (Trompenaars and Woolliams, 1999) have extended the concepts into a new model on dilemma reconciliation of cultural differences. This paper reviews these latest updates in relation to dilemmas of cross-cultural business ethics. The paper asserts that knowledge in relation to business ethics is culturally specific; and that ethnocentrism is not easy to avoid. Too great an emphasis on rational-analytic conceptions of reality may mean that syntheses, emotion, and intuition, are not adequately developed. This presents implications for doing business and managing across cultures and for resolving ethical dilemmas.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 27 (2000), S. 89-104 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Schlagwort(e): business ethics ; cross-cultural research ; equivalence ; methodological issues
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Philosophie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Despite the fundamental and administrative difficulties associated with cross-cultural research the rewards are significant and, given an increasing trend toward globalisation, the move away from singular location studies to more comparative research is to be encouraged. In order to facilitate this research process it is imperative, however, that considerable attention is given to the methodological issues that can beset cross-cultural research, specifically as these issues relate to the primary domain or discipline of investigation, which in this instance is research on business ethics. Utilising the experience of a four country comparative study of both Asian and Western cultures in the field of business ethics, the following presents a discussion of methodological concerns under the three broad areas of operationalising culture, operationalising business ethics, and data interpretation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 27 (2000), S. 255-269 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Schlagwort(e): business ethics ; decision-making ; issue recognition ; judgement ; moral intensity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Philosophie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The construct of moral intensity, proposed by Jones (1991), was used to predict the extent to which individuals were able to recognize moral issues. We tested for the effects of the six dimensions of moral intensity: social consensus, proximity, concentration of effect, probability of effect, temporal immediacy and magnitude of consequences. A scenario-based study, conducted among business individuals in Singapore, revealed that social consensus and magnitude of consequences influenced the recognition of moral issues. The study provided evidence for the effects of temporal immediacy. There was marginal support for the impact of proximity and probability of effect but no evidence that concentration of effect influenced recognition of moral issues. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these results for researchers and organisational practitioners.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of business ethics 28 (2000), S. 15-24 
    ISSN: 1573-0697
    Schlagwort(e): business ethics ; small business ; social responsibility
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Philosophie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper presents the results of a national study of the beliefs and perceptions of small business professionals concerning ethics within their company and business in general. The study examined their views on the relationship between success and ethical conduct as well as the extent and nature of ethical conflicts experienced by the respondents. Some comparisons are made with similar studies that have been conducted in the past. Respondents have the most ethical conflicts with customers and employees, and with regard to honesty in contracts/agreements. Most also believe that ethical standards are lower than they were 10 and 20 years ago, primarily because society's moral standards are lower. Additionally, they believe that the behavior of top management has the most influence on decisions in ethical situations. Finally, consistent with prior studies, they believe that they have the most responsibility to customers, ahead of employees and stockholders.
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