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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (290)
  • Weizen  (31)
  • Roggen
  • AERODYNAMICS
  • Animals
  • 1925-1929  (202)
  • 1920-1924
Collection
Keywords
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Years
Year
  • 1
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    In:  Illustr. landwirtschaftl. Zeitschrift 42:267-269.
    Publication Date: 1922
    Description: Auswertung der Temperatur, der Niederschläge und der Sonnenscheindauer, Begründung der Überlegenheit von Lokalsorten an klimatische Gegebenheiten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: beobachteter Einfluss der Witterung (Niederschlag, Temperatur, Sonnenscheindauer) auf Erträge von Hackfrüchten, Kartoffeln, Getreide und Leguminosen KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Juni) + und Delta Nied (Juni) - (also Wassermangel +) , dann Ernte (Zuckerrübe) -; Delta T (Juni) - und Delta Nied +, dann Ernte (Zuckerrübe) -; Delta T + und Delta Nied +, dann Erträge (Zuckerrübe) +; Delta T - und Delta Nied -, dann Erträge (Zuckerrübe) +; Delta T (Juli) Delta Nied - und Delta T (Juli) +, dann Erträge (Kartoffel) -; Delta T (Juli) Delta Nied + und Delta T (Juli) -, dann Erträge (Kartoffel) -; Delta T (April, Mai, Juni) + und Delta Nied (April, Mai, Juni) +, dann Ernte (Rotklee) +; Delta Nied (Sommer) + und Delta Sonn -, dann Qualität der Ernte +;
    Keywords: Breslau ; 1902-1913 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Hafer ; Klima ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Weizen
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  • 2
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    In:  Vereinigten Friedrichs-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle.
    Publication Date: 1928
    Description: Ertragsrelevante Korrelationen bei Winterweizen und -gerste mit der Temperatur, bei allen übrigen Kulturen war Niederschlag entscheidend KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Saalkreis, Kreis Bitterfeld, Kreis Delitzsch, Kreis Wittenberg, südl. Teil Kreis Köthen ; 1900-26 ; Kartoffeln ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Hafer ; Niederschlag ; Rangordnungsmethode ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1929
    Description: Ergebnisse (Rangordungs- und Korrelationsmethode) der Beziehung zwischen Witterung und Ertrag vieler Kulturen eingeteilt nach Monaten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Temperatur und des Niederschlags auf den Ertrag folgender Kulturpflanzen: Winterweizen, Winterroggen, Dinkel, Sommerweizen, Sommerroggen, Sommergerste, Hafer, Hopfen, Luzerne, Rotklee, Wiesen, Kartoffeln) KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Vegetationszeit) -, dann Ertrag (Winter- und Sommergetreide) +; Delta T (Winter, Juni und Juli) -, dann Ertrag (Sommergetreide) +; Delta Nied (Winter) +, dann Ertrag (Getreide) -; Delta T (September) - und Delta Nied (Vegetationszeit) +, dann Ertrag (Futterpflanzen) +; Details für einzelne Kulturpflanzen: siehe Artikel
    Keywords: Württemberg ; 1899-1913 ; Ertrag ; Hafer ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Rangordnungsmethode ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung
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  • 4
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    In:  Hannov. land- und forstw. Zeitg.:93-95
    Publication Date: 1927
    Description: Beschreibung der Witterungsverläufe der Winter und Empfehlungen für die Bodenbearbeitung und Bestandesführung von Winterkulturen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Niederschlag und Temperatur) auf den Ertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (Vorjahr) ++, dann Ertrag -; Delta Nied (Winter) +, dann Bodenfeuchte + und somit Ertrag +; Delta T (November) -, dann Ertrag -; Delta T (Winter) +, dann Ertrag +; Delta T (Frühling) +, dann Ertrag -;
    Keywords: Niedersachsen ; 1924-26 ; Insekten ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Roggen ; Weizen ; Düngung ; Gerste
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  • 5
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    In:  Landwirtschaftliche Wochenschrift der Provinz Sachsen und Anhalt 29; p.668-670
    Publication Date: 1927
    Description: Der Autor führt aufgrund von Beobachtungen das Auftreten der Weißährigkeit auf Fußkrankheiten und Fusariumpilze, sowie landwirtschaftliche Praktiken zurück. In einem kleinen Abschnitt wird auch auf den Einfluß von Witterung und Bodenverhältnissen eingegangen. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt ; 1926-1927 ; Getreide ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Weizen
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  • 6
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    In:  Georgine, Königsberg 104 (10):65-66
    Publication Date: 1928
    Description: Einluß von Temperatur und Niederschlag in bestimmten Zeiträumen auf das Tausendkorngewicht (TKG) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang Niederschlag, Temperatur und Sonnenscheinstunden zum Tausendkorngewicht (Ertrag) von Weizen, Roggen und Gerste KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (0,48-1,9°C während der Vegetationszeit April-August über dem Mittel der Jahre 1921-26) und Delta Nied (-25- +52% vom Schossen bis zur Ernte über dem Mittel der Jahre 1921-26), dann höhreres TKG um 11,6-21,4%
    Keywords: Pommern ; 1921-1926 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Sonnenscheindauer ; Gerste
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Beobachtungen zum Befall von Winterroggen durch Puccinia coronifera Kleb. und Überlegungen für mögliche Gründe KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Aufgrund der starken Trockenheit verliert der Roggen seine Immunität gegenüber Puccinia coronifera KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (Herbst) -, dann Befall von Puccinia coronifera +
    Keywords: Kamennaja Step, Russland ; 1924 ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Roggen ; Trockenheit
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  • 8
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    In:  Deutsche Landwirtschaftliche Presse, Jahrgang 52, Nr. 38, p. 450
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Allgemeine Beobachtungen zum Rostbefall von Weizen im Jahr 1925 trotz langer Trockenperioden KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss des Niederschlags auf die Infektion; auch kurze starke Niederschläge zwischen langen Trockenperioden sind ausreichend um einen großflächigen Befall zu bewirken. KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied +, dann Infektion +;
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1925 ; Anbautermine ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Trockenheit ; Weizen
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  • 9
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    In:  Bad. Blätt. Schädlingsbek. 1, p. 67-68
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Allgemeine Beobachtungen zur Biologie und zum Auftreten des Getreidehähnchens sowie Möglichkeiten zu dessen Bekämpfung KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: - KATASTER-DETAIL: -
    Keywords: Baden-Württemberg ; 1924-1925 ; Hafer ; Mais ; Pflanzenschädling ; Weizen ; Gerste
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  • 10
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    In:  Die kranke Pflanze 2, p. 117-119
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Allgemeine Beobachtungen zum Auftreten und zur Wanderung des Getreidelaufkäfers und dessen Larven; Nennung von Möglichkeiten zur Bekämpfung des Insekts KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Abhängigkeit der Stärke des Auftretens von der Temperatur KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T+, dann Auftreten der Larven +
    Keywords: Sachsen ; Beginn 20. Jahrhundert ; Insekten ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Landwirtschaft ; Pflanzenschädling ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen
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  • 11
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    In:  Q.J.R. Meterol. Soc. 48: 115-138
    Publication Date: 1922
    Description: Auswertung 35jähriger Wetteraufzeichungen und Einfluss der Temperatur und des Niederschlages auf die Erträge von Weizen, Gerste, Hafer, Bohnen, Erbsen, Kartoffeln ... in einem klimatisch einheitlichen Gebiet in Ostengland KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Bedeutung von Trocken- und Feuchtphasen für die Ertragsentwicklung in Weizen, Temperaturansprüche zur Keimung und im Frühsommer KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Ostengland ; 1885-1921 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Hafer ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Frost ; Erbsen
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 1929
    Description: vgl. Neustädt KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang Witterungsfaktoren in wachstumsrelevanten Zeitspannen mit dem Ertrag verschiedener Kulturen KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (Oktober bis März) -, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (Januar) -, dann Erträge (Roggen) ++; Delta Nied (Februar) +, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (Mai) +, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (Mai) 〉 1,5x Mittel, dann Erträge -; Delta Sonn (Mai, im Bezirk Köthen) +, dann Erträge (Roggen) -; Delta Nied (Januar, März, April) -, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) +; Delta Nied (Februar, Mai bis Ernte) +, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) +; Delta Nied (Mai) +, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) ++; (Informationen zu den weiteren landwirtschaftlicher Kulturpflanzen: siehe Artikel)
    Keywords: Mitteldeutschland ; 1900-1926 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 1929
    Description: Einfluß der Witterung auf die Qualität von Weizen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Witterungsverhältnisse der letzten 5 bis höchstens 10 Tage vor der Gelbreife sind von entscheidendem Einfluss, Backqualität nimmt von kontinentalem zum maritimen Klima ab KATASTER-DETAIL: Tmit+, Sonn+, Nied-, dann gute Qualität Nied+, dann Tausendkorngewicht + aber Nied**, dann Tausendkorngewicht - und N-Gehalt +
    Keywords: Mitteldeutschland ; 1900-1925 ; Ertrag ; Korrelationsmethode ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Weizen ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer
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  • 14
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    In:  Meterolog. Zeitschrift, Braunschweig, 41: 170-173
    Publication Date: 1924
    Description: Beziehung zwischen Niederschlag und Ertrag mithilfe der Korrelationsmethode KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Berechnung von Korrelationswerten deuten auf starken Einfluss des Juniniederschlags hin, durch Berechnung der Abweichung vom 10jährigen Mittel werden Beziehungen einzelner Monate, bzw. 2 monatiger Niederschlagssummen zum Ertrag für Winterweizen, Winterroggen, Hafer, Kartoffeln, Sommerweizen und Sommerroggen sichtbar KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied+ (Januar), dann Winterweizen +; Delta Nied- (〈 20mm) im März, dann Ertrag von Winterweizen, Winterroggen, Sommerroggen und Sommerweizen +; Delta Nied+ (〉60mm) im Juli, dann Ertrag Winterweizen++; Delta Nied- (〈40mm) im Juni, dann Kartoffel +, aber Hafer-; Delta Nied+ (〉130mm) im Juni, dann Kartoffel -, aber Hafer+;
    Keywords: Niederbayern ; 1884-1922 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Hafer ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Weizen
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  • 15
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    In:  Artikel; Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character 213(402-410): 89-142.
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Langjährige Feldversuche und Wetteraufzeichnungen der Versuchstation, Korrelationen zwischen Niederschlag und Ernteerträgen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss des Niederschlags auf den Ertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied -, dann Erträge +
    Keywords: Rothamsted (England) ; 1854-1918 ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Weizen ; Düngung
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  • 16
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    In:  Buch von: Höhne, E., (1919): Landwirtschaftlich-klimatologische Untersuchung des Gebietes zwiwchen mittlerer Saale und Pleiße und Einteilung in klimatische Unterbezirke auf Grund der Beziehungen zwischen Witterungsfaktoren und Ernteerträgen
    Publication Date: 1929
    Description: Untersuchung zur Beziehung zwischen Witterungsfaktoren und Ernteerträgen in verschiedenen Untersuchungsgebieten mittels Rangordnungsdifferenzen. Betrachtet wurden die Erträge von Roggen, Winterweizen, Sommergerste, Hafer, Sommerweizen, Zuckerrübe, Kartoffel und Erbse KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Niederschlag, Temperatur, Sonnenschein) auf die Erträge KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (Oktober bis März) -, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (Januar) -, dann Erträge (Roggen) ++; Delta Nied (Februar) +, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (Mai) +, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (Mai) 〉 1,5x Mittel, dann Erträge -; Delta Sonn (Mai, im Bezirk Köthen) +, dann Erträge (Roggen) -; Delta Nied (Januar, März, April) -, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) +; Delta Nied (Februar, Mai bis Ernte) +, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) +; Delta Nied (Mai) +, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) ++; Köthen (Nied 15-30mm im März), (Delta T- im April/Juni, besonders im Mai), dann Winterweizenertrag++ (weitere Informationen zu den weiteren landwirtschaftlicher Kulturpflanzen und Regionen: siehe Artikel)
    Keywords: Sachsen und Thüringen ; 1899-1926 ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Klima ; Korrelationsmethode ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Globalstrahlung ; Hackfrüchte
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  • 17
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    In:  Naturwissenschaften 11(37):769-776
    Publication Date: 1923
    Description: Beschreibung der landwirtschaftlichen Meterologie in den USA, anhand vom Beispielen (Warren-Smith, Wallace, Blair, Kincer)'Kritische Phasen' und Korrelation von Witterungsdaten mit Ertragsdaten von Mais, Weizen, Baumwolle KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag) auf den Ertrag in verschiedenen Staaten der USA. Ausschlaggebend sind die Monate Mai, Juni, Juli und August KATASTER-DETAIL: Missouri: Delta T (Juni, Juli, August) +, dann Ertrag (Mais) +; Iowa: Delta T (Mai, Juli) + und Delta Nied (August) +, dann Ertrag (Mais) +; Nebraska: Delta T (Juli) + und Delta Nied (Mai, Juli) +, dann Ertrag (Mais) +; Indiana: Delta T (Juli) + und Delta Nied (Juli, August) +, dann Ertrag (Mais) +; Minnesota: Delta T (Juni, August) + und Delta Nied (August) +, dann Ertrag (Mais) +; Ohio: Delta T (Mai) + und Delta Nied (Juli, August) +, dann Ertrag (Mais) +; Ohio: Delta Nied (Juli, Anfang August) 〉 76mm , dann Ertrag (Mais) +; Ohio: Delta T (März) +, dann Ertrag (Winterweizen) +; Illinois: Delta T (Mai, Juli) + und Delta Nied (August) +, dann Ertrag (Mais) +; Kansas: Delta Nied (Juni, Juli, August) +, dann Ertrag (Mais) +;
    Keywords: USA ; 19. Jahrhundert ; Ertrag ; Korrelationsmethode ; Mais ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung
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  • 18
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    In:  Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung, Düngung, Bodenkunde 8:425-458
    Publication Date: 1929
    Description: Auswirkungen über gestaffelte Stickstoff-Düngung auf den Ertrag von Weizen, Gerste, Roggen und Hafer. Angaben zu Temperatur und Niederschlag während der Vegetationszeit, Hinweise auf Zusammenhang zwischen Witterung und Ertrag und Wirkung der Düngung, Bedeutung eines längeren Zeitraums für die Beobachtungen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss von Niederschlag und Temperatur auf den Ertrag von Hafer KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (nach der Saat) +, dann t(Aufgang) - (später); Delta Nied (Ende des Wachstum) -, dann Erträge (Hafer) -; Delta T (20 Tage nach dem Aufgang) +: T 〉 11°C, dann Ertrag (Hafer) -;
    Keywords: Bayern ; 1924-28 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Hafer ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Düngung ; Gerste
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  • 19
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    In:  Peternanns Mitt. Justus Perthes Geogr. Anst. 70:112-116, 159-163.
    Publication Date: 1924
    Description: Verbreitung von Weizen (Hart- und Weichweizen) und der klimatische Einfluss, Bedeutung für die Zusammensetzung der Körner, Klimatische Bedingungen für Weinbanbau KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen den Klimaten und der Qualität der Ernte von Wein und Weizen KATASTER-DETAIL: warm-gemäßigte und trockene Klimate, dann Weinqualität +; Delta Nied (Sommer) +, dann Weinqualität -; trockenes Klima, dann Gehalt an Eiweiß + und Stärke - (Weichweizen); feuchtes Klima, dann Gehalt an Eiweiß - und Stärke + (Hartweizen); Delta Vegetationsperiode +, dann Proteingehalt -;
    Keywords: weltweit ; letzten 1000 Jahre ; Klima ; Weizen ; Wein
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  • 20
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    In:  Deut. Landwirtschaflt. Presse 55:94-95.
    Publication Date: 1928
    Description: Übersicht über die Literatur zum Einfluss des Wetters auf die Kulturpflanzen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Milder und trockener Winter wirkt positiv auf die Weizenerträge, kalter und niederschlagsreicher Winter eher negativ, Betrachung für Norddeutschland KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1900-1926 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Hafer ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Witterung ; Gerste
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  • 21
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    In:  Mitt. Deutsch. Landwirtsch. Gesell. 35; p.488-489
    Publication Date: 1920
    Description: Diskussion des Einflusses von Fusariumbefall auf die Auswinterung von Winterweizensorten mit Bemerkungen zum Wetter KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Schlesien ; 1919 ; Getreide ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Weizen
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 1928
    Description: Ergebnisse 5-jähriger Freilandversuche und 9-jähriger Laborversuche zu den Zusammenhängen zwischen klimatischen und anderen Umweltfaktoren und dem Auftreten verschiedener physiologischer Formen des Schwarzrostes an unterschiedlichen Weizensorten in den USA und Kanada. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: USA, Kanada ; 1919-1923 ; Getreide ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Weizen
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 1926
    Description: Diskussion über die Geschichte, Entwicklung und Anwendbarkeit von phänologischen Studien, Zusammenfassung, teilweise Details über den Einfluss der Sorte, der Düngung, des Bodens, Klimas, Längengrades, Krankheiten und anderer Faktoren auf die Erträge von Winterroggen in Bayern KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Bayern ; 1917-1923 ; Botanik ; Ertrag ; Klima ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Phänologie ; Roggen ; Düngung ; Frost
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  • 24
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    In:  Nachrichtenblatt für den deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienst, Jahrgang 6, Nr. 4, p. 27
    Publication Date: 1926
    Description: Beobachtungen zum Auftreten der gelben Halmfliege in Schleswig-Holstein und deren Auswirkungen auf bestimmte Getreidearten (Sommerweizen und Sommergerste) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung auf das Auftreten der Fliege KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied +, dann Sommerflug -
    Keywords: Schleswig-Holstein ; 1926 ; Insekten ; Anbautermine ; Getreide ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Weizen ; Gerste
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  • 25
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    In:  Kühn-Archiv 20:140-222.
    Publication Date: 1929
    Description: Untersuchungen an Ernteergebnissen mittels Rangordnungs- und Korrelationsmethode zur Abhängigkeit von den Witterungsfaktoren. Untersucht wurden die Erträge von Weizen, Roggen, Sommergerste, Hafer, Erbsen und Zuckerrüben KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag, Sonnenscheindauer) auf die Erträge der Kurlturpflanzen KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Oktober, November) - und Delta T (Januar, Februar) +, dann Erträge (Weizen) +; Delta Nied (April, Mai) + und Delta Nied (Februar, März) -, dann Erträge (Weizen) +; Delta Sonn (März) +, dann Erträge (Weizen) +; Delta Nied (Mai - Zeit des Schossens) +, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta T (November) -, dann Erträge (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (April, Juni) + und Delta T (April, Juni) -, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) +; Nied (April, Juni) 〉 180mm, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) -; Delta Sonn (März, April) + und Delta Sonn (Mai) -, dann Erträge (Sommergerste) +; Delta Nied (April bis Juni) +, dann Erträge (Hafer) +; Delta Sonn (März, April) +, dann Erträge (Hafer) +; Delta T (Juni) -, dann Erträge (Hafer) +; Delta Nied (Juni, September) +, dann Erträge (Zuckerrübe) +; Delta Nied (August) +, Zuckergehalt +; Delta T (Juni) +, dann Erträge (Zuckerrübe) +; Delta Sonn (September) +, Qualität der Ernte +; Delta Sonn (März, April) + und Delta Sonn (Mai, Juni) -, dann Erträge (Getreide) +;
    Keywords: Mansfelder See- und Saalkreis, Kreis Querfurt, Kreis Merseburg ; 1900-1925 ; Zuckerrüben ; Hafer ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer ; Gerste ; Erbsen
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  • 26
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    In:  Jllustr. Landw. Zeitg. 46; p.551-552
    Publication Date: 1926
    Description: Schilderung des Rostbefalls (insbesondere Gelbrost)in der Region Kassel im Jahre 1926. Der Autor beklagt das bisher fehlende Wissen der Wissenschaftler und präsentiert eine Umfrage unter Landwirten zu den Einflußfaktoren (u.a. klimatische) auf den Rostbefall. Zudem werden Vorbeugungsmaßnahmen vorgestellt. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Kassel ; 1926 ; Getreide ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Weizen
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  • 27
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    In:  Kühn-Archiv:53-78.
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Einführung der Rangordnungs- und Korrelationsmethode anhand langjähriger Beobachtungen, Einfluss des Niederschlages und der Temperatur auf den Ertrag von Erbsen, Kartoffeln, Weizen, Hafer und Roggen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur und Niederschlag) auf den Ertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (März und April) + und Delta Nied (März und April) -, dann Erträge (Erbsen) +; Delta T (Mai und Juni) - und Delta Nied (Mai und Juni) +, dann Erträge (Erbse) +; Delta T (Oktober Vorjahr) +, dann Erträge (Kartoffel) +; Delta T (März) + und Delta T (Mai und Juni) -, dann Erträge (Winterweizen) +; Delta Nied (Januar bis März)-, dann Erträge (Hafer) +; Delta Nied (Januar bis März)-, dann Erträge (Winterroggen) +;
    Keywords: Halle ; 1893-25 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Fichte ; Hafer ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Rangordnungsmethode ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung
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    In:  Diss., Göttingen
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Ergebnisse ( Korrelationsmethode) der Bezeihung zwischen Witterung und Ertrag vieler Kulturen eingeteilt nach Monaten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Beziehungen zwischen Witterung (Temperatur und Niederschlag)und Ernte KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (erste 10 Blütetage) -, dann Ertrag (Roggen) +; Delta Nied (Beginn der Blüte bis 10 tage nach Ende der Blüte)-, dann Ertrag (Winterweizen) +; Delta Nied (während der 20 Tage nach Beginn der Blüte) -, dann Ertrag (Sommerweizen) +; Delta Tmit (während der 20 Tage nach dem Aufgang) -, dann Ertrag (Hafer) +; Delta Tmin (während der 20 Tage nach dem Aufgang) -, dann Ertrag (Gerste) +; Delta Tmit (während der 20 Tage nach Beginn der Blüte) -, dann Ertrag (Kartoffeln) +; Delta Nied (vom Aufgang bis zum Beginn der Blüte) -, dann Ertrag (Erbsen) +; Delta Nied +, dann Ertrag (Vietsbohnen) +;
    Keywords: Göttingen ; 1901-1922 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Hafer ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung ; Erbsen
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    In:  Mitt. Deut. Landw. Gesell. 40:950-55.
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Zusammenhang zwischen Weizenqualität und den klimatischen Verhältnissen, Schwerpunkt auf die Physiologie des Samens und Qualität (Backfähigkeit) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Europa ; letzten100 Jahre ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Klima ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Weizen
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    Publication Date: 1928
    Description: Beziehung zwischen Witterung (unterteilt in einzelne Monate) und Ertragshöhe mithilfe der Rangordnungs- und der Korrelationsmethode KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag, Sonnenscheindauer) auf den Ertrag von Winterweizen, Sommerweizen, Sommergerste, Wintergerste, Hafer und Runkelrüben auf dem Versuchsfeld (wasserundurchlässiger Boden) KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Sonn (Oktober bis November)+, dann Erträge (Winterweizen) +; Delta Sonn (Dezember bis März)+, dann Erträge (Winterweizen) -; Delta Sonn (April) -, dann Erträge (Winterweizen) +; Delta Nied (April) +, dann Erträge (Winterweizen) +; Delta Nied (Mai, Juni und Juli) -, dann Erträge (Winterweizen) +; Delta Nied (August bis Oktober) +, dann Erträge (Winterweizen) +; Delta T (April) -, dann Erträge (Winterweizen) +; (Details sowie Informationen für Sommerweizen, Sommergerste, Wintergerste, Hafer und Runkelrüben siehe Artikel)
    Keywords: Hohenheim (Baden-Württemberg) ; 1914-25 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Hafer ; Klima ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Rangordnungsmethode ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte
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    In:  Mitteilungen der Biolog. Reichsanstalt f. Land- und Forstwirtschaft 25.
    Publication Date: 1924
    Description: Witterung und Phänologie KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Phänologie ; Roggen ; Witterung
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    In:  Zeitschrift für Acker- und Pflanzenbau 3:330-334.
    Publication Date: 1926
    Description: Angabe von Niederschlagsmengen und Durchschnittstemperaturen für das ökologische Optimum bestimmter Sorten, kritische Zeiten (vor und nach der Blüte) sind hierfür entscheidend KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss von Wasser und Wärme, bzw. Niederschlag und Temperatur auf den Ertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Roggen, Weizen: Delta Nied (Beginn Blütezeit)-, dann Ertrag +; Hafer, Gerste, Kartoffel: Delta T (Beginn der Blüte) -, dann Ertrag +; Bohne: Delta T (gesamte Wachstumszeit)+ und Delta Nied (gesamte Wachstumszeit) +, dann Ertrag +
    Keywords: Göttingen ; 1901-22 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Hafer ; Klima ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte ; Erbsen
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    In:  Sächs. Landw. Zeitschr. 73, p.614
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Beschreibung der Schäden und Erscheinungsformen des Weizenhalmtöters und der Weizenhalmfliege im Jahre 1926 in Sachsen. Nur bedingte Verknüpfung mit klimatischen Parametern. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Sachsen ; 1926 ; Getreide ; Pflanzenschädling ; Weizen
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    Publication Date: 1928
    Description: Einfluss der Wasserversorgung in verschiedenen Wachstumsstadien auf die Entwicklung und die Ertragsfähigkeit der Sommerweizensorte 'Ulca' KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Wasserstress hat in allen Vegetationsstadien ertragsrelevante Folgen KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Labor ; 1926-27 ; Ertrag ; Wassermangel ; Weizen
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    In:  Georgine, Jahrgang 102, Nr. 68, p. 806-807
    Publication Date: 1925
    Description: Biologie und Bekämpfung von Fritfliege, Getreideblumenfliege, scheckige oder gelbe Halmfliege, Weizenfliege, Hessenfliege KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag und Wind) auf die Schädlinge KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Winter) +, Anzahl Maden der Halmfliege +; Delta Nied (September) + und Delta Wind (September) +, dann Hessenfliege -
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1903-1925 ; Insekten ; Anbautermine ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Hafer ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Vegetationsperiode ; Weizen ; Wind ; Witterung ; Düngung ; Gerste
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    In:  Nassauer Land 108, p. 185
    Publication Date: 1926
    Description: Beobachtungen zum Gelbrostbefall von Weizen, Roggen und Gerste KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: - KATASTER-DETAIL: -
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1926 ; Infektionskrankheiten ; Getreide ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Roggen ; Weizen ; Gerste
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A simple, systematic, optimized vortex-lattice approach is developed for application to lifting-surface problems. It affords a significant reduction in computational costs when compared to current methods. Extensive numerical experiments have been carried out on a wide variety of configurations, including wings with camber and single or multiple flaps, as well as high-lift jetflap systems. Rapid convergence as the number of spanwise or chordwise lattices are increased is assured, along with accurate answers. The results from this model should be useful not only in preliminary aircraft design but also, for example, as input for wake vortex roll-up studies and transonic flow calculations.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Vortex-Lattice Utilization; p 325-342
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    Journal of Morphology 33 (1920), S. 308-323 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Journal of Morphology 35 (1921), S. 484-578 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Journal of Morphology 36 (1921) 
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    Journal of Morphology 35 (1921), S. 456-483 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Journal of Morphology 36 (1922) 
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    Journal of Morphology 36 (1921), S. 103-117 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Journal of Morphology 36 (1922), S. 421-445 
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    Journal of Morphology 37 (1922) 
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    Journal of Morphology 37 (1923), S. 385-423 
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    Journal of Morphology 38 (1923), S. 207-278 
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    Journal of Morphology 38 (1924), S. 431-451 
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    Journal of Morphology 38 (1924), S. 453-483 
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    Journal of Morphology 38 (1924), S. 581-598 
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    Journal of Morphology 39 (1924), S. 63-111 
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    Journal of Morphology 39 (1924), S. 351-413 
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    Journal of Morphology 39 (1924), S. 543-551 
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    Journal of Morphology 39 (1924), S. 415-433 
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    Journal of Morphology 39 (1924), S. 285-293 
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    Journal of Morphology 39 (1924), S. 515-542 
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    Journal of Morphology 40 (1925) 
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    Journal of Morphology 40 (1925), S. 111-167 
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    Notes: Microscopic examination of both living and stained forms indicates that the so-called ‘multivacuolate’ and ‘amicronucleate races of Paramecium caudatum’ belong to the species Paramecium multimicronucleata. The published accounts of the morphology and cultural characteristics of the various forms are compared and provide additional evidence. A more complete description is given, including distinctive characters previously omitted.The conjugation process of P. multimicronucleata in general resembles that of P. caudatum, most of the differences being due to the presence of four micronuclei instead of one. These each divide twice with characteristic figures, twelve of the sixteen daughter nuclei then degenerating. One of the remaining four splits to form a single pair of functional pronuclei in each cell. The two migratory pronuclei interchange as in P. caudatum. The synkaryon divides three times, and probably seven of these nuclei degenerate. The remaining one apparently undergoes two divisions. In most cases by six to eight hours after the conjugants separate two micronuclei of the four thus produced form enlarged macronuclear anlagen, the other two remaining as micronuclei. Each anlage divides within the next two or four hours, producing four macronuclear and four micronuclear analagen. Two fissions, each preceded by a division of the micronuclei, restore vegetative conditions.The process described above is compared with conjugation in P. bursaria, P. caudatum, and P. putrinum.
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    Journal of Morphology 40 (1925), S. 261-297 
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    Notes: The parasynaptic union of chromosomes associated with the formation of a karyosphere is demonstrated in the spermatocytes of Phanaeus.The twelve V-shaped leptotene threads are polarized with their apices embedded in one plasmosome-like body, their distal ends in another (primary and secondary caps, respectively), and undergo a conjugation of the parasynaptic type. The distal ends of the chromosomes are freed from their attachment in the secondary cap. The six pachytene loops retain their polarized configuration.The basichromatin of the pachytene chromosomes appears ultimately to be withdrawn to form the karyosphere comprising six chromatic bodies within an oxychromatic «plasmosome,» the latter probably derived from the primary cap. The two caps are believed to arise from the chromosomes. The primary cap apparently becomes incorporated again in the chromosomes; the secondary cap, together with linin remnants of the pachytene chromosomes, disintegrates in the nucleus as residual chromatin.In the dissolution of the karyosphere six ring-shaped tetrads emerge arranged in a temporarily connected chain, giving under certain conditions, the misleading impression of twelve components arranged end to end. The entire content of the karyosphere appears to be employed in the formation of the chromosomes; no visible plasmosome remains.
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    Journal of Morphology 40 (1925), S. 417-459 
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    Notes: The development and cytology of cartilage and bone in the limbs from the fifty-second hour of incubation to the first day after hatching are described.The chief points of interest arising from this study are: (1) Chondroblasts when liberated during cartilage resorption die and disintegrate. (2) All the long bones possess structures which, though not undergoing independent ossification, are homologous with the mammalian epiphyses. (3) Endochondral ossification occurs only in the epiphyses and ends of the diaphyses. (4) The marrow cavity contains multinucleated giant cells which appear to be formed by the fusion of degenerating cells.
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    Notes: The blood of Perophora viridis is found to contain six types of cells: (1) Green cells, which have green-colored fatty bodies embedded in clear cytoplasm. (2) Orange cells, with orange-colored bodies of unknown composition in the cytoplasm. (3) Colorless berry-like cells, with fluid-filled vesicles in the cytoplasm. (4) Granular amoeboid cells. (5) Compartmental amoeboid cells, which have box-like vacuoles containing brownian granules of a fatty substance. (6) Vesicular, signet-ring type of cell having a single large vacuole. The cytological structure of these cells and their reaction to various dyes are described.An effort has been made to homologize the types of cells found in the blood of other ascidians with those found in Perophora.It is concluded that the variety of colors found in the cells of ascidian blood is due to the varying chemical states of the vanadium-containing chromogen present in the cells.
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    Journal of Morphology 41 (1926), S. 441-546 
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    Notes: Embryological study of bullfrog tadpoles collected from various parts of the United States has shown the existence of local races which differ markedly in regard to the time of occurrence and character of the developmental processes involved in the formation of the definitive testis of the male individuals. Those races in which the gonads of the two sexes are easily distinguished in early larval stages are called differentiated. Other local races show a peculiar gonadic development chiefly affecting the males, the definitive testis sometimes not appearing until near the end of the second year of larval life. Such races are called undifferentiated, because the morphological features of the definitive testes are not established until late. The larvae first develop a peculiar gonad (progonad) which later degenerates and is replaced by the definitive testis. All male animals of the undifferentiated strains exhibit the gonad cycle.The progonad varies among the local frog races in regard to the length of persistence and degree of differentiation attained before undergoing degeneration. Its germ cells may exhibit a typical male maturation cycle ending in degeneration, or the cells may differentiate along both male and female lines or remain sexually neutral.The development and differentiation of the progonad in the various races are described and a detailed account given of the origin of the definitive testis. The problems of sex differentiation and continuity of the Keimbahn in anurans are discussed.
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    Journal of Morphology 42 (1926) 
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    Journal of Morphology 42 (1926), S. 111-141 
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    Notes: Disintegration in killing agents was studied throughout development. In the unfertilized egg and cleavage stages the death gradient runs from animal to vegetal pole. In the late blastula stage the future dorsal surface and future point of gastrulation show heightened susceptibility. The gastrula has a gradient from anterior to posterior end along its dorsal surface, with a slight reverse gradient around the blastopore; lateral and ventral regions are least susceptible.Before and after the appearance of the neural groove, the dorsal surface shows increased susceptibility with gradient in it from anterior to posterior end. The neural tube is highly susceptible, with a death gradient from anterior to posterior end and a slight reverse gradient at its posterior end.During late stages and in the larva the double gradient is present; death begins at the two ends and progresses backward from head, forward from anus; from the former most rapidly. The least susceptible place is near the posterior end. The posterior reverse gradient is less developed in the lamprey than in other vertebrate embryos, due, probably, to its lack of a tail bud.Assuming that death differences indicate differences in rate of activity, it appears that such differences in activity may be causes and not results of developmental processes, for the development of certain parts (dorsal surface, blastopore, central nervous system) is indicated by heightened activity before it is evident morphologically.
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    Journal of Morphology 42 (1926), S. 371-439 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The prochordal plate in the chick is a thickening of the entoderm in the anterior part of the area pellucida. It consists at first of several layers of yolk-charged cells, which finally lose their yolk and form a thin layer of entoderm.The prechordal plate (an area of mesodermal proliferation immediately anterior to the notochord) arises immediately anterior to the primitive streak (and head process when the latter appears) in a part of the region once occupied by the prochordal plate. Later the prechordal plate comes to lie upon the dorsal wall of the foregut.The premandibular cavities arise in condensations of the prechordal mesoderm. The cavities seem to appear during the rapid expansion of the prechordal mesoderm which occurs in response to a release from constraint imposed by surrounding structures. They are connected with one another across the midline by a usually solid bridge of mesoderm.Later, the cavities are replaced by a mesodermal condensation which serves as a mold, on the surface of which the oculomotor muscles appear, arising before the disappearance of the premandibular head cavities.Differences in the relations of notochord and hypophysis in the chick and robin may be explained by an analysis of the growth of the two forms. The analysis furnishes a basis for understanding the relations of the anterior end of the notochord in the mammal.
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    Journal of Morphology 43 (1926) 
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    Journal of Morphology 43 (1926), S. 81-103 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Notes: Paramecium trichium varies from 50 μ to 105 μ long with most individuals between 80 μ and 90 μ. The width varies from one-third to one-half the length. It is somewhat depressed dorsoventrally. The broad buccal groove extends from the anterior left border diagonally across the ventral surface to the mouth, which is usually slightly anterior to the middle and to the right side of the median line. The mouth leads into a relatively long cytopharynx containing an undulating membrane. The cytopyge is subterminal and the small caudal tuft of longer cilia is subapical. The plastic ectosarc contains numerous trichocysts. A contractile vacuole apparatus occurs near either end. Each is deeply located and stains more intensely than surrounding protoplasm. In life there appear to be two alternately contracting vacuoles with smaller ones adjacent. Contractions are from fifteen to twenty-five per minute. The macronucleus is medium in size and the single micronucleus is of the ‘caudatum’ type.Binary fission appears to be initiated by a metaphase-like condition of the micronucleus. This is followed by great enlargement and the eventual separation of the chromatin threads into two anaphase groups. The metaphase thus appears to precede the changes which correspond to a prophase in other cases. During division of the body, the two old contractile vacuoles persist as the posterior ones for the daughters, new anterior ones being developed.
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    Journal of Morphology 43 (1927) 
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    Journal of Morphology 43 (1927), S. 299-345 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Notes: The chondriosomes are first recognizable as two clusters in contact with the nuclear wall. Beneath each cluster lies a chromosome. This relationship is constant and indicates that these two chromosomes play a part in the growth and development of the chondriosomes. The two masses fuse and the single mass grows considerably during the early growth period. Later it breaks up into a number of threads which become rings in the late growth period. The rings fuse into the large nebenkern which plays the usual rôle in the formation of the tail.The Golgi material is first seen outside of the chondriosomal cap. Early in the growth period, it breaks up into Golgi bodies which remain distributed in the cytoplasm during the growth period and spermatocyte divisions. About the midgrowth period a large number of spheres suddenly arise. Since they later fuse to form the idiosome, they are called the proidiosomal spheres. These spheres, which may originate in the Golgi bodies, remain scattered in the cytoplasm during the growth period and spermatocyte divisions. In the spermatid the Golgi bodies collect about the idiosome to form the acroblast. The Golgi remnants pass into the cytoplasm of the tail, while the acrosome elongates into a tail-like structure at the anterior end.The centriole was followed with unbroken continuity from the midgrowth period into the middle-piece of the sperm.
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    Journal of Morphology 43 (1927), S. 521-546 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The literature on the general subject of freezing and survival both in plants and in animals is briefly reviewed and a bibliography given. Insects representing three ecological groups, (1) the oak borers - exposed to temperature extremes normally; (2) stored-products insects representing supposedly a tropical or subtropical group, and, (3) aquatic insects never exposed to temperatures lower than 0°C., were chosen for this study. Determinations of the freezing and undercooling points were made during the yearly cycle.Both the stored-products insects and the aquatic insects studied showed no periodicity in freezing or undercooling. The oak borers showed marked periodicity. The freezing-point varies directly with the moisture content. Cold-hardiness was produced experimentally by, (1) exposure of insects to low temperatures and, (2) by dehydration. Loss of cold-hardiness was produced experimentally by combinations of high temperature, food, and high relative humidity. The freezing-point ordinarily found corresponds with that of the blood. Repeated freezings of the same insect or tissue showed no hysteresis. There exists in certain insects a secondary freezing-point below that ordinarily found. Oak borers in summer condition die at the first freezing-point; in fully hardened condition they die at the secondary freezingpoint.
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    Journal of Morphology 44 (1927), S. 1-20 
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    Notes: The ant Formica exsectoides F. builds mounds with some reference to sunlight, and measurements of internal temperatures have shown them higher in upper parts of the mound, but different in different faces of the mound - all higher than the earth outside the mound.Inside temperatures are not constant; they are due to the sunshine. The mound is so fabricated that the internal temperatures are conserved during the night. The ants make use of the differential internal temperatures for rearing broods.Some mounds show bilateral symmetry dependent upon sun exposure.Measurements of rate of running of these ants show a falling off with lower temperatures, and possibly this is one factor in the smaller development of northerly aspects of these mounds.
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    Journal of Morphology 34 (1920), S. 590-633 
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    Journal of Morphology 35 (1921), S. 153-193 
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    Journal of Morphology 44 (1927), S. 313-339 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The rates of oxygen consumption of single pupae of blowflies (Phormia terraenovae, Phormia regina, Lucilia sericata), of the flesh fly (Sarcophaga sarracenioides Aldrich), of the Mediterranean flour moth (Ephestia kuehniella), and of the bee moth (Galleria mellonella) during metamorphosis, until emergence, have been determined. The record for each pupa, with the exception of those of blowflies, is practically continuous day and night during the period of pupal development which lasted from 140 to 300 hours, according to the species, at the temperatures used. During pupal development there is first a period of decrease in rate, which is later followed by a steady increase until a short time before emergence, when a sudden decrease occurs.The ‘oxygen curves’ of the blowfly pupae (Diptera) are quite different from those of the flour-moth and bee-moth pupae (Lepidoptera), although all are of the same general U-shaped type. There are strong indications of a specific difference in the curves of the blow-fly pupae. The flour-moth pupae curves differ slightly from those of the bee-moth pupae. During the major part of development the rates of O2 consumption of pupae of both sexes of bee moth and flour moth are about the same, but near the end of metamorphosis the females have higher rates than the males. No such sex difference appears among the dipterous pupae used.
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    Journal of Morphology 36 (1922), S. 245-277 
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    Journal of Morphology 36 (1922), S. 279-297 
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    Journal of Morphology 36 (1922), S. 467-493 
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    Journal of Morphology 36 (1922), S. 567-601 
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    Journal of Morphology 37 (1923) 
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    Journal of Morphology 37 (1923), S. 457-531 
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    Journal of Morphology 38 (1923), S. 1-17 
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    Journal of Morphology 38 (1923), S. 147-205 
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    Journal of Morphology 38 (1923), S. 295-300 
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    Notes: The results of the study of certain factors which affect encystment in Didinium nasutum indicate the following: Absence of food constitutes an adverse environmental condition which induces encystment in approximately 50 per cent of the didinia subjected to it, though the presence of a certain amount of food in the cell body is requisite for encystment. The prevention of encystment for 750 generations does not affect the percentage of didinia which encyst in the absence of food, and hence Didinium does not become progressively more disposed to encystment as generations pass. Conjugation does not affect the percentage of didinia which encyst in the absence of food. Metabolic by-products of Paramecium inhibit encystment to a striking degree when didinia are deprived of food in the presence of these products. Metabolic waste of Didinium markedly facilitates its encystment in the absence of food. Hay-infusion culture fluids of different ages have singularly diverse effects on the encystment of didinia in the absence of food; recently prepared infusions inhibit encystment; infusions four to six days old induce encystment in 90 to 100 per cent of the specimens, and infusions seven to fourteen days old, in approximately half of the specimens.
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    Journal of Morphology 44 (1927), S. 89-115 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The investigation is based upon hemal nodes of dog, man, and sheep. The material can be arranged in a regressive series leading from a typical lymph node, except for the occurrence of blood in parenchyma and sinuses, to a lymphoid structure at a late stage of involution. These structures uniformly lack lymphatics. There is no evidence of direct luminal connection between the blood-vascular supply and the sinuses. The observation that certain cervical and subcutaneous lymph nodes of the rabbit undergo a myeloid metaplasia following atrophy and disjunction of their lymphatics is used as an explanatory key of hemal nodes. According to our view, hemal nodes represent stages in the involution of transient lymph nodes. Disjunction of the lymphatics leaves the sinuses filled with entrapped lymphocytes. These differentiate into erythrocytes. These red blood cells may disintegrate and pass into solution or be removed either by giant cells or mononuclear phagocytes. Late stages in this process are represented by small irregular masses of lymphocytes, with wide sinuses practically free of blood.
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    Journal of Morphology 44 (1927) 
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    Journal of Morphology 44 (1927), S. 29-87 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The anlage of the abducens musculature appears first at 24-25 somites as a condensation situated dorsal to the mandibular arch.The anlage of the superior oblique grows forward from a mesodermal condensation situated in the maxillomandibular region, termed for convenience the maxillomandibular condensation. This last consists of three parts: (1) the anlage of the superior oblique: (2) the anlage of the abducens musculature, and, (3) an intermediate region.The intermediate portion of the maxillomandibular mass forms a condensation with which the anlage of the abducens musculature fuses. Its fate is, therefore, similar to that of the so-called ‘muscle E’ of elasmobranchs, which has been described as fusing with the lateral rectus. How much muscle is formed from the intermediate condensation in the chick has not been determined.The development of the pyramidalis and quadratus nictitans muscles, derivatives of the abducens complex, is described.The premandibular head cavities are replaced by solid mesodermal condensations, on the surface of which the anlagen of the oculomotor muscles appear. The premandibular mass expands laterally and anteriorly over the bulbus, carrying the oculomotor muscles to their respective positions on the bulbus.Portions of the premandibular and maxillomandibular condensations not involved in eye-muscle formation take part in the formation of choroid and sclera.The growth shiftings of the eye muscles are analyzed. The order of their appearance is commented upon.
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    Journal of Morphology 44 (1927), S. 127-216 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study represents the first critical investigation on the development of the embryonic skull of the porcupine. A complete series of stages makes it possible to trace the developing chondrocranium from its first formation in precartilage to its later transformation into cartilage bone. Concurrent with this growth is the investment of the cartilaginous cranium by membrane bone.The very primitive nature of the chondrocranium offers an excellent opportunity to discuss the existing problems of the embryonic skull from a new angle. Evidence is presented in support of the assumption that the ala temporalis is the homologue of the cynodont epipterygoid. The lamina parietalis develops from a single chondrifying center, thus producing a different arrangement of parietal elements from that found in most mammals. New evidence as to the relationship of the dens epistrophei and basal plate is presented. The position of the internal carotid artery on entering the cranium is different from the condition found in most mammals and throws new light on the interpretation of surrounding structures. The presence of a structure comparable with the crista longitudinalis of Lacerta shows close affinity to the solum nasi of more primitive forms.The great specialization of the face is seen in the early and rapid growth of the membrane bones. The chondrocranium is long persistent and cartilage bone appears late in embryonic life.
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    Journal of Morphology 44 (1927) 
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    Journal of Morphology 44 (1927), S. 417-465 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Observations indicate that this Balantidium from the guinea-pig is Balantidium coli, the form found in the pig and man. The lengths and breadths of this Balantidium and the ratios of length to breadth are very close to the measurements and ratios given by McDonald for B. coli. When plotted, the body lengths of the guinea-pig parasites appear in two groups, the smaller individuals being the exconjugants. Many of these exconjugants resemble Neiva's B. caviae. The structure of the Balantidium from the guinea-pig is essentially identical with that of B. coli as given by McDonald.Fission and conjugation of this ciliate follow the general course found in a number of other ciliates. During fission the micronucleus divides and the daughter micronuclei migrate to each end of the macronucleus before the latter divides. In conjugation there are two divisions of the micronucleus, one of these nuclei dividing to form the pronuclei. Pronuclear exchange and fusion are followed by a heteropolar division of the synkaryon, resulting in the formation of the new macronuclear and micronuclear anlagen.The parasite was found in the intestinal tissue of the host. No reproductive stages were found in the cysts. New hosts are invaded through contamination of the food and drink with the cysts.
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    Notes: By the use of a satisfactory technique, excellently preserved spermatogenetic tissue was had both for Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus. The careful examination of twelve spermatogonial cells of the former species and of twenty in the latter species shows that R. rattus has forty diploid chromosomes and R. norvegicus, forty-two. A careful examination of the haploid cells of both species, both in the first and in the second spermatocyte divisions, confirms the diploid determinations.Both species have an unequal pair in the spermatogonial divisions and the finding of a similar unequal pair in the first spermatocyte division constitutes the evidence for an X-Y mechanism in each. A comparison of the morphology of the first spermatocyte tetrads in the two species reveals the presence of a large K-shaped chromosome in R. norvegicus which is not present in R. rattus. Furthermore, a comparison of the X-Y complex in both the spermatogonial and first spermatocyte divisions shows that these are morphologically different in the two species, the Y in particular being markedly dissimilar in size. A short discussion as to the bearing of these findings on the questions of the origins of the two species and their known intersterility is presented. The marked similarity of the tetrads of the black rat to those described for the mouse is noted.
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    Notes: A technique is developed whereby the large heavily yolk-laden grasshopper egg may be sectioned for cytological study. Eggs of Chortophaga viridifasciata and Circotettix verruculatus were examined.In C. viridifasciata the structure of the late ovarian nucleus and the chromosomes in meiosis, fertilization, and early cleavage are described. In the first maturation twelve rod-shaped tetrads are found. Near the caudal end of the egg a polar body is given off, and in the second maturation division there are twelve dyads. At fertilization, twelve separated vesicles of the female pronucleus are seen scattered about a male pronucleus in which the chromosomes are in prophase.In early cleavage the chromosome numbers in the metaphase are found to differentiate the male- and female-producing eggs. In the former there are twenty-three and in the latter twenty-four chromosomes. A vesicular condition in which the chromosomes retain their boundaries in interkinesis is indicative of chromosome individuality.A comparison of the first and second maturation metaphase chromosomes of the oocyte with those of the spermatocyte shows a similar compact group on the spindle, a likeness in size seriation, and a similarity of form. They differ in that in the spermatocyte complex there are eleven tetrads and one dyad. This latter, the unpaired sex chromosome, falls among the large chromosomes.A comparison of the chromosome complex of Chortophaga viridifasciata with that of Circotettix verruculatus indicates constancy of generic differences in form, size, number, and behavior of the chromosomes.
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