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  • Rat  (305)
  • Springer  (305)
  • Cambridge University Press
  • 1980-1984  (190)
  • 1975-1979  (115)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An automatic microspectrophotometric scanning method for the measurement of bone formation rates in vivo (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 32 (1980), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Rat ; Bone formation ; Fluorochrome ; Microphotometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A method for quantitative studies of the formation rate of bone has been developed. After vital staining with calcein, the fluorescence of a bone section was measured with a microphotometer controlled by a mini computer. After staining the bone structure with alizarin red S in a second step, the section was measured in transmitted light. The two data sets were combined and the shortest distances between the bone surface and the fluorescence lines were computed. With this information the distance distribution and the bone area between the label and the surface could be calculated in two different ways: with the single labeling and the continuous labeling techniques. The advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are discussed and compared with those of other techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408522
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantitative histologic analysis of the growing long bone metaphysis (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 32 (1980), S. 113-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Rat ; Bone ; Metaphysis ; Quantitative ; Aging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this work was to analyze the proximal tibial metaphysis of the 170 g rat in a quantitative histologic fashion which would allow some relation to tissue age to be established. Stained 3 µm thick tissue sections were analyzed with the aid of a Merz grid on an eyepiece reticule and a light microscope. Tissue mass and cell distribution were studied in all areas. The rate of change in tissue mass during aging of the metaphysis was calculated. Two regions of the metaphysis were identified. One, corresponding to the primary spongiosa, less than 4.45 days of age, is a region of high turnover of hard tissue and high numbers of osteoblasts and osteoprogenitor cells. The other, corresponding to the secondary spongiosa, is a region of relatively low net tissue turnover and low numbers of osteoblasts and osteoprogenitor cells. Osteoclasts were found relatively more uniformly distributed through the metaphysis than were osteoblasts and osteoprogenitor cells. The rate of bone formation in the primary spongiosa is 50 times that found in the Haversian bone of the rib of 5-year-old humans and about 500 times that found at the cortical-endosteal surface of ribs of 5-year-old humans. It is argued that both cell distribution and tissue distribution in the metaphysis support the concept that osteoblasts and osteoclasts, rather than osteocytes, are responsible for the maturation of the metaphysis. The inhomogeneous distribution of both cells and tissue in the metaphysis has definite meaning for the interpretation of findings concerning the incorporation of radionuclides into the skeleton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408530
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of growth hormone in experimental phosphorus deprivation in the rat (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 32 (1980), S. 105-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Rat ; Hypophysectomy ; Dietary phosphorus deprivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The demands of growth are known to exacerbate the effect of phosphorus deprivation (PD). We examined whether changes associated with PD could be prevented in young rats in which growth and growth hormone (GH) were eliminated by hypophysectomy (HPX) and whether PD in normal intact rats (INT) was associated with increased secretion of GH. INT or thyroxine- and ACTH-replaced HPX rats were fed one of the three diets: 0.31% P (NP); 0.027% P (LP), and 0.31% P, pair-fed with LP-mates (NP-PF). The results indicate that HPX did not qualitatively alter several physiologic responses to PD: (a) serum and urinary phosphorus (P) decreased and urinary calcium (Ca) increased; (b) net intestinal Ca retention fell and duodenal sac uptake of45Ca rose; and (c) external P balance was restored and duodenal sac uptake of32P-phosphate increased. Only the hypercalcemia seen in INT, LP rats was prevented by HPX. In INT rats serum immunoassayable GH levels, measured in single samples, were not different between different dietary groups while pituitary bioassayable GH was reduced in both LP and NP-PF rats when compared to the NP rats. Thus, except for hypercalcemia, the physiologic responses associated with PD are not prevented by the elimination of growth and GH, and the development of these responses in INT rats was not associated with a consistent or specific alteration in GH secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408529
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of45Ca incorporation with maturation ameloblast morphology in the rat incisor (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 211-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Rat ; incisor ; ameloblasts ; enamel ; 45Ca autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Rats were injected with45Ca and horseradish peroxidase to determine the patterns of45Ca incorporation into incisor enamel and the morphological types of the overlying maturation ameloblasts.45Ca autoradiography showed no differences in the patterns of incorporation into enamel between routinely embedded and freeze-dried specimens. Enamel overlaid by ruffle-ended ameloblasts was much more heavily labeled while that overlaid by smooth-ended ameloblasts showed only moderate labeling. The observations lend further support to the hypothesis that the ruffle-ended cells are very active in mineralizing enamel and that the smooth-ended cells are in a passive, restorative phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411236
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of actin-like protein in extracellular matrix vesicles (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 376-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Matrix vesicles ; Bone ; Actin ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Preliminary indications of the occurrence of actin and myosin in crude matrix vesicle preparations have been reported previously. In the present study extracellular matrix vesicles from rat alveolar bone were isolated. They were further purified by a sucrose density gradient. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified vesicles revealed the presence of a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 43 K daltons and with electrophoretic mobility identical to that of blood platelet actin. The limited proteolysis of both 43 K dalton vesicular polypeptide and actin byStaphylococcus aureus-V8-protease revealed three fragments with identical electrophoretic mobility. In addition, the vesicular preparations inhibited the activity of DNase I, a property typical of actin monomers. Filamentous material extracted from matrix vesicles showed ultrastructural features of F-actin. Reaction of this material with heavy meromyosin resulted in arrowhead formation, which is characteristic of acto-heavy meromyosin. The occurrence of actin in extracellular matrix vesicles may account for their budding from the osteoblastic plasma membrane, their possible motility in the matrix, and maintenance of the spherical shape.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411271
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytochemical studies on the ferritin-containing vesicles of the rat incisor ameloblasts with special reference to the acid phosphatase activity (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 51-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Rat ; Incisor ; Amelogenesis ; Acid phosphatase ; Ferritin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Acid phosphatase was localized in rat incisor ameloblasts without prior decalcification. Whenβ-glycerophosphate was used as the substrate, an intense reaction was observed in the supranuclear region of the secretory ameloblasts. But the reaction was dramatically reduced at the transitional stage and was very weak in the maturation ameloblasts. Whenp-nitrophenylphosphate was the substrate, the reaction product was consistently seen in the Golgi cisternae and the vesicular components of the ameloblasts at all stages of enamel development. These observations suggest that there are two acid phosphatases in ameloblasts. One is in the secretory ameloblasts and the other in the transition and maturation ameloblasts. X-ray micro-analyses for Fe and Pb showed that Fe and acid phosphatase were in the ferritin-containing vesicles at the later stage of enamel maturation. This evidence suggests that ferritin is digested in these vesicles for the release of the Fe pigment to the enamel. An increase in the number of intercellular bridges between ameloblasts was correlated with the dramatic decrease in height of ameloblasts at the pigment release stage. The ameloblast membranes were acid phosphatase positive at the intercellular bridges whenp-nitrophenylphosphate was the substrate. This activity may be involved in the reduction in the surface area of the ameloblast membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409412
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of fetal rat calvarium; provisional identification of preosteoclasts (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 31 (1980), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Rat ; Calvarium ; Electron microscopy ; Preosteoclasts ; Osteoclasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary This is a study of the fine structure of cells of the 20-day fetal rat calvarium. Special attention is given to identifying and characterizing preosteoclasts. These cells are relatively common and located largely, but not exclusively, at the endocranial bone surface. The preosteoclasts are characterized by abundant mitochondria, an incomplete perinuclear Golgi apparatus, and variable-shaped dense granules. The dense granules are unique in appearance in that they contain an internal dense matrix surrounded by a clear halo. Most granules are circular in shape but some are elongate or tubular in form. Granules with identical appearance are observed in osteoclasts. The preosteoclasts are mononucleate, or occasionally binucleate. It is suggested that because preosteoclasts are morphologically distinctive and relatively abundant, it should be feasible to separate these cells from a heterogeneous cell isolate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407163
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral 1,25(OH)2D3: An effective prophylactic treatment for glucocorticoid osteopenia in rats (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 107-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcium ; Glucocorticoid ; Vitamin D ; Osteoporosis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Eighty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were given a diet with either (a) 0.5% Ca and 0.6% P or (b) 0.01% Ca and 0.6% P. Osteopenia was created by adding prednisolone to the diet. The prophylactic effect of oral 1,25(OH)2D3 on the osteopenia was studied. It was found that prednisolone osteopenia in the rat was associated with defective Ca absorption. By giving an oral dose of 1,25(OH)2D3, it was possible to maintain normal Ca absorption during prednisolone treatment and to prevent the bone loss. No significant hypercalcemia or any kidney calcifications were seen. These results are in contrast to earlier findings, in which subcutaneous administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 failed to prevent prednisolone osteopenia because of its tendency to increase bone resorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405014
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cortical bone remodeling in normal rat (1977)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 23 (1977), S. 161-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Growth ; Rat ; Remodeling ; Tetracyclines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Cortical bone remodeling along the femur diaphysis was determined in normal female rats (Sprague-Dawley) with the tetracycline technique. Three segments on the cortical bone circumference (the anterolateral, the medial, and the posterior) were found to be most suitable for the study of the remodeling process. Oxytetracycline was administered at age 60 and 75 days, and groups of animals were killed at age 75, 85, 95, and 105 days. The accumulated endosteal growth during age 60 to 75 days in the anterolateral segment was found to increase uniformly in the distal direction along the femur diaphysis. A method is described where this accumulated endosteal growth is used. This method eliminates the use of calipers to determine the section level and makes it possible to study comparable sections even after varying periods of time. The proximal part of the diaphysis showed periosteal apposition in all three segments. The periosteal apposition turned into resorption in the distal part of the diaphysis in the anterolateral and medial segments, whereas the periosteal appsition increased in the posterior segment. The endosteal growth increased in the distal direction in the anterolateral and medial segments. Irregular OTC bands made measurements of endosteal remodeling in the posterior segment impossible. The cortical width decreased in the distal direction along the femoral shaft. Comparison between the different age groups is described and also the relation between the accumulated endosteal growth and the diameter of the medullary cavity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02012782
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of vitamin D deficiency on urinary excretion of connective tissue derivatives (hydroxyproline and glycosaminoglycans) in rats (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 177-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Connective Tissue ; Vitamin D deficiency ; Hydroxyproline excretion ; Glycosaminoglycan excretion ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The urinary excretion of two connective tissue metabolites was studied in both control and vitamin D deficient rats. Hydroxyproline (HyPRO) excretion was determined after 2, 13 and 22 months (experiment I). It decreased with aging in animals receiving the control diet. On the contrary, this excretion increased as a function of age in vitamin D deficient animals. At the age of 22 months, HyPRO excretion was respectively 31 and 1708 µg a day in control and deficient animals. HyPRO and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) excretion was measured on a group of both control and vitamin D deficient rats at the age of 21 months (experiment II). These results confirm the high excretion of HyPRO in deficient animals. On the contrary, the GAG excretion was higher in control animals than in deficient ones, the mean excretion being respectively 412 and 234 µg a day.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409432
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of chronic protein deficiency on skeletal development of young rats (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 223-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Protein deficiency ; Bone formation ; Skeletal development ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Protein deficiency was produced by freely feeding young rats a 1% lactalbumin diet for 12 weeks in order to study the effects of protein-calorie malnutrition on skeletal development. During the experiment the food and caloric intake and weight of the experimental animals decreased, while those parameters of the control animals progressively increased. However, when gross caloric intake was expressed as a function of the metabolic size of the animal, the caloric consumption was similar for both groups of animals. The protein-deficient animals exhibited micro-radiographic and histological features of an abnormal pattern of endochondral bone formation. Appositional bone growth, as determined by the daily appositional rate and the percentage of endosteal surfaces undergoing active bone formation, was significantly decreased in these animals, as was the percentage of periosteal surfaces exhibiting resorption. Both chemical analyses of the whole bone and electron probe microanalysis in the specific area of actively calcifying bone revealed no significant differences between the mineral content of control and protein-deficient animals. This study distinguishes the effects of protein deficiency from that of combined protein-calorie deprivation and demonstrates that the abnormal skeletal development observed was the result of a decrease in the quantity of bone formed rather than an altered mineral content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409441
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopical study on the fluorosis of enamel in rats (1978)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 25 (1978), S. 75-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Rat ; Fluorosis ; Enamel ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Low temperature incineration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Sixteen 58-day-old male rats of Wistar strain, with a mean body weight of 179 g, were divided into two equal groups. Each group of eight animals was maintained for 70 days on drinking water, ad lib., containing no fluorine (control group) and 100 ppm of fluorine (experimental group). All specimens examined were obtained from the incisal portions of the incisors. The following types of enamel specimens were prepared for scanning electron microscopy: (1) acid-etched specimens; (2) acid-etched specimens followed by low temperature microincineration; and (3) fractured specimens. The enamel formed during high fluoride exposure showed marked hypocalcification, that is, the crystallite density in the prism core and interprismatic region was lower than that of control animals. The organic substances appeared to increase in these regions. These changes were prominent in the outer and middle enamel layers. Such changes following fluoride administration appear to indicate an inhibition of enamel maturation, that is, an inhibition of the mineral deposition and/or an inhibition of organic matrix withdrawal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02010754
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 on osteoporosis in rats induced by oophorectomy (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 161-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Ovary ; Rat ; Vitamin D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Fifty adult female rats were used to study the effect of 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1α-OH-D3)on bone after oophorectomy. The experimental period was 6 months. At the end of the experiment the femurs and the tibias were investigated for bone mass and composition. Significant signs of osteopenia occurred as a result of oophorectomy. The treatment with 1α-OH-D3 induced only minor changes in blood chemistry but increased bone mass significantly. The findings support the view that 1α-OH-D3 may be a valuable tool in the treatment of osteoporosis resulting from ovarian insufficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441179
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma fluoride and enamel fluorosis (1977)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 22 (1977), S. 77-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Fluoride ; Blood plasma ; Enamel mineralization ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is postulated that tissue fluid F concentrations are the primary determinants of fluoride effects on bones and developing teeth and that these concentrations are dependent on, or mirrored by, blood plasma F. It has earlier been shown that the plasma F levels are dependent on the dietary F supply as well as on skeletal F concentration. Fasting and post-ingestion or postinjection plasma F levels have been determined in rats on F doses that cause different degrees of enamel fluorosis. The results indicate that temporary peak values rather than elevated fasting values are responsible for the occurrence of enamel fluorosis and that the peak values must approach about 10 μM in order to block enamel formation by the ameloblasts. The diagnostic and prognostic importance of plasma F determinations is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02010348
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and hexokinase in spontaneously hypertensive rat kidney (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 1368-1369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Rat ; kidney ; hypertensive ; prostaglandin dehydrogenase ; hexokinase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) surged in hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (WKY) rat kidney at 8 days of age, is greatest in SHR. Hexokinase fell in SHR at 17 days of age, but thereafter was similar to WKY. This suggests multisystem enzymatic abnormalities in SHR kidney during development of hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01951893
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracerebroventricular injection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a patient with congenital indifference to pain induces analgesia in rats (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 1365-1366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Rat ; cerebrospinal fluid, human ; analgesia ; naloxone ; pain indifference, congenital ; opiates, endogenous
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary CSF from a patient with congential indifference to pain was found to produce analgesia in the rat following intracerebroventricular injections. The analgesic effect was attenuated by pretreatment with naloxone suggesting the involvement of hyperactive endogenous opiate mechanisms in this patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01951891
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do prostaglandins mediate the somatostatin preventive effect on gastric lesion? (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 974-975 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Rat ; prostaglandins ; gastric lesion ; intragastric distension model ; stress model ; indomethacin ; somatostatin preventive effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The inhibition of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin treatment blocks the somatostatin preventive effect on the gastric lesions induced in a stress model and has no preventive effect on an intragastric distension model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01946466
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethanol preference in rats with a prior history of acetaldehyde self-administration (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 1008-1010 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Rat ; ethanol preference ; acetaldehyde self-administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Peripherally self-injected acetaldehyde in interaction with environmental and nutritional variables significantly enhances alcohol drinking in rats and suggests an involvement of acetaldehyde in voluntary alcohol intake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01946483
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corticotropin releasing factor increases the adrenocortical responsiveness to adrenocorticotropin (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 1004-1006 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Rat ; adrenocortical responsiveness ; ACTH ; plasma ; corticosterone ; plasma ; corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the course of studying the plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone responses to synthetic corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), we noted some disparity in the responses. A higher dose (20 μg compared with 5 μg per rat i.a.) produced an equal plasma ACTH but greater plasma corticosterone response in adult male rats. Thus, we examined the possibility that CRF increases adrenocortical responsiveness to ACTH. CRF significantly (p〈0.0005) increased the plasma corticosterone response to ACTH in rats pretreated with dexamethasone. Thus, synthetic CRF increases corticosterone secretion in rats not only by stimulating ACTH secretion, but also by increasing the adrenocortical responsiveness to ACTH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01946481
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure-activity relationship of stress-inducing odorants in the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1007-1018 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Rat ; Rattus norvegicus sp. ; odorants ; stress ; behavior ; open field ; corticosterone ; fox dropping ; ketone ; sulfur ; compounds ; tans ; mercaptoketones ; repellent ; structure-activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The stress for 12 sulfur-containing synthetized volatiles was evaluated in male Wistar rats and compared to that for fox-dropping extract concentrate. Stress behavior was analyzed by quantifying various stress responses in a standard open field and measuring the increase in plasma corticosterone concentration. Nine compounds induced stress—a dihydrothiazole, two cyclic polysulfides, five mercaptoketones, and a mercaptan. For the mercaptoketones, the following structure-activity relationships were observed. Size can vary considerably; the mercapto group can be either alpha or beta and either secondary or tertiary. The keto group is not essential, since a structurally related mercaptan remains active. The mercapto group is essential for activity in mercaptoketones, since conversion to a methyl sulfide resulted in a neutral response. This type of odorant could function as an allomone and may have potential in rat control as an area repellent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987509
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Action de la rubratoxine B sur la respiration des mitochondries hépatiques de rat (1975)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 55 (1975), S. 53-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Rubratoxine B ; Mitochondria ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The in vitro effect of rubratoxin B on the electron transport system of rat liver mitochondria was investigated. This mycotoxin depressed oxygen consumption in ADP-lacking mitochondria and in ADP-coupled mitochondria, using succinate or β-hydroxybutyrate as substrats. Rubratoxin B is neither an oxidative-phosphorylation inhibitor nor uncoupling agent. Its effect is compared with aflatoxin B1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00467092
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of glucagon on the secretory process in the rat exocrine pancreas (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 193-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glucagon ; Exocrine pancreas ; Secretory process ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glucagon was infused into conscious rats in doses of 10 to 80 μg/h for periods up to 24 h. The effect on the secretory process of the exocrine pancreas was studied in vitro using isolated pancreatic lobules. A pronounced inhibition of the rate of protein synthesis and discharge of stored and newly synthesized proteins combined with increased enzyme content in the pancreas were observed after 30 min infusion. This effect was absent after longer infusion periods of up to six hours. After 12 to 24 h infusions a marked degranulation and decrease in enzyme content was observed. While the rate of protein synthesis was not significantly enhanced, both the basal and stimulated discharge of enzymes from the pancreas were increased. The results suggest a biphasic response of the pancreas to prolonged glucagon infusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220588
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
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    Filaments and rod-shaped tubulated bodies in the endothelia of anterior cerebral arteries in young rats (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 505-511 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endothelium ; Cerebral artery ; Filaments ; Rod-shaped inclusion ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Endothelia of the anterior cerebral arteries in rats aged 1 to 3 days were studied. Thin (about 50–90 Å) and thick (about 100–110 Å) filaments are present in the endothelia. Numerous spherical- or rod-shaped bodies, measuring approximately 0.07 to 0.3 μm in diameter and up to 0.6 μm in length occur in the endothelial cells. These bodies contain a tubular structure. The diameter of the individual tubules is about 200 Å. The present observations suggest that spherical- or rod-shaped inclusions are first synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and thereafter these materials are transported into the Golgi complex for maturation. A small number of the inclusions, however, may originate directly from the rough endoplasmic reticulum and not pass through the Golgi apparatus.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219832
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    Cyto- and synaptogenesis in the arcuate nucleus of the rat hypothalamus during fetal and early postnatal life (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 200 (1979), S. 135-146 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Arcuate nucleus ; Cytogenesis ; Synaptogenesis ; Neuropil ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphogenesis of the arcuate nucleus of the rat from the 15th fetal day to the 6th postnatal day was investigated light and electron microscopically. The arcuate neurons exhibit a gradual development after the 15th fetal day. All cytoplasmic constituents are present in these nerve cells already during the last days of gestation. Nevertheless, they are not fully differentiated at birth. The first synapse-like structures (presynapses) were observed in 17 day-old, the first synapses in 18 day-old fetuses. During the early postnatal period the number of presynapses decreases, but at the same time there is a gradual increase in the number of the relatively mature synapses. This process starts already during the last days of prenatal life. Although all structural elements of the arcuate nucleus of the adult rat appear to be present at birth, the extent of the neuropil area and the number of the presynapses indicate that the arcuate nucleus is still in a fairly undeveloped stage during the first postnatal days.
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    The tanycyte of the rat median eminence (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 200 (1979), S. 329-334 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence ; Axon terminals ; Tanycytes ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present ultrastructural study proves the existence of nerve terminals closely apposed to the plasmalemmata of tanycytes in the rat median eminence. Several of these “axo-tanycytic” endings display remarkable accumulations of agranular endoplasmic reticulum in the form of pleomorphic vesicles which are closely apposed on either side of the plasma membrane of each cell compartment. Some of these vesicular profiles give the impression of structural continuity across both membrane systems. This phenomenon is discussed in the context of being a potential substratum for communication between both cell compartments.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236425
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    Histochemical observations on uptake of L-dopa into endocrine cells of the rat pituitary gland during the postnatal development (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 156 (1975), S. 451-461 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adenohypophysis ; Rat ; L-dopa ; Fluorescence histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The uptake of L-dopa into the cells of the adenohypophysis of the rat was studied during the postnatal development and at adult age using the formaldehyde-induced fluorescence method (FIF). The cells taking up L-dopa were classified by Alcian blue-PAS-Orange G staining. The correlation between the cells taking up L-dopa and those containing tryptophyl-peptide was estimated during the postnatal period and in adult rats. The cells containing tryptophyl-peptide were demonstrated using fluorescence induced by treatment with combined formaldehyde and acetyl chloride vapour. The following observations were made: 1) Great majority of the cells taking up L-dopa did not contain tryptophyl-peptide. Thus the accumulation of L-dopa into the cells of pars distalis is not due to accumulation of L-dopa into the cells by the same transport mechanism as the amino acids for tryptophyl-peptide. 2) Of the cells taking up L-dopa in the adult rats 96% were chromophobes, 2.0% acidophilic cells (somatotrophs and cells producing prolactin), 0.9% R-mucoid cells (corticotrophs), and 1.2% S1- and S2-mucoid cells (gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs). At 10 and 25 days' age the relative numbers of the cells taking up L-dopa were about the same. 3) Pretreatment with nialamide caused only a slight increase in the number of the cells taking up L-dopa. The decrease in the number of the cells uptaking L-dopa of the pars distalis, which takes place after 5 weeks' age is thus not caused by the increased MAO-activity. 4) Strongly chromophilic cells did not take up L-dopa. At the light of our results it seems evident that L-dopa is taken up by the chromophobic cells when these differentiate into chromophilic cells. The accumulation of L-dopa may be a sign of an active transport of amino acids into the cells. The accumulation of L-dopa into the chromophobic stellate and follicular cells may reflect their metabolic activity. These cells probably have an important role in the production of the hormones of the pars distalis.
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    Ultrastructure of cell surface coat (glycocalyx) in rat urinary bladder epithelium (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 158 (1975), S. 281-283 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glycocalyx ; Urinary bladder ; Ruthenium red ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Earlier statements to the contrary, the present study demonstrates the presence of a cell surface coat (glycocalyx) on the luminal plasma membrane of the super ficial transitional epithelial cells lining the urinary bladder of male Buffalo rats. This coat was demonstrated with ruthenium red, an electron dense stain, which revealed a surface layer, 60–80 Å thick, separated from the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane by an electron lucent layer, approximately 30 Å thick. The structure of the glycocalyx was not affected by 12 weeks of treatment with dibutylnitrosamine, a known bladder carcinogen.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219966
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    Microtubular number in the tractus hypophyseus of newborn normal rats and newborn rats with congenital diabetes insipidus (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 169 (1976), S. 405-414 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Microtubules ; Tractus hypophyseus ; Diabetes insipidus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Evidence has already been adduced suggesting that an increase in microtubular number occurs in the tractus hypophyseus of rats stressed by the administration of hypertonic saline, and of rats with congenital diabetes insipidus (CDI). Since the tractus hypophyseus in these animals shows high secretory activity, it seems likely that the microtubular increase reflects the participation of microtubules in axoplasmic transport. To exclude, however, a congenital microtubular abnormality in CDI, affected newborn rats were examined. In these, the microtubular number was normal, thus suggesting that the increase in microtubular number seen in adult animals was not a congenital morphological abnormality. However, by 4 days of age there was a slight but statistically significant increase in microtubular number in affected rats, a change probably attributable to increased secretory activity.
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    The ultrastructure of basal cells of rat and dog prostate (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 173 (1976), S. 543-554 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prostate ; Rat ; Dog ; Basal cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the basal cells of rat lateral and ventral prostate and of dog prostate has been studied. Basal cells from both species appear as undifferentiated cells, characterised by a lack of cytoplasmic organelles and a poorly developed Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum. The presence of cytoplasmic filaments and micropinocytosis is not considered to be sufficient evidence to assume any similarity to myoepithelium, as has been previously suggested. Basal cells are instead considered to be precursors of secretory epithelial cells.
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    Transport adenosine triphosphatase activity in the rat cornea (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 431-443 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cornea ; Rat ; NaK-ATPase ; K-NPPase ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sodium-potassium activated adenosine triphosphatase (NaKATPase) activity of the rat cornea was investigated histochemically using a Pb2+-precipitation technique in which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used as substrate and two methods for potassium-dependent para-nitrophenyl-phosphatase (K-NPPase) activity. With all the three techniques used it was demonstrated that the sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (NaK-ATPase) activity is localized in the cell membranes of the endothelium whereas a much weaker activity was observed in the epithelium. When the Pb2+-technique was used, the epithelial cell membranes showed a weaker reaction in the presence of ouabain. This activity was only Mg2+-dependent and was presumably due to an Mg2+-dependent ATPase. The validity of the histochemical techniques for NaK-ATPase activity is discussed. The results emphasize the importance of the endothelium as the main site of Na+ transport in the cornea. Small amounts of the enzyme are also present in the epithelium, which seems to be rich in Mg2+-ATPase. Provided that careful controls are performed, all the methods give consistent results in the cornea.
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    Regeneration of soleus muscles of rat autografted in toto as studied by electron microscopy (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 159-180 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle transplantation ; Rat ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rat soleus muscles were autografted from right to left legs, and regeneration following necrosis of all original myofibres was studied after 7 to 250 days. The best regenerates were from grafts replacing all calf muscles and sutured to the tendon stumps. After 30 days the size of such regenerates was equal to those from minced gastrocnemius muscles: the cross sectional area of muscle tissue was 30% (1.7 mm2) and the number of fibres was 180% (4500) of normal soleus muscles; the fibre diameters were 10 to 40 μm. To increase the number of myoblasts before grafting some muscles were injured by Ringer solution of 70° C and transplanted after 2 days. Nevertheless, this did not influence regeneration. After 7 days clusters of myotubes occurred in the periphery of the muscle. These myotubes originated from myoblasts growing like endothelial cells on the inner face of the persisting basal lamina tubes of necrotic fibres. After 30 days the muscles were vascularized. Fibres formed in a common basal lamina detached and so looked “split”. Satellite cells of new fibres came from undifferentiated cells associated with myotubes, i.e. from myoblasts. After 30 days and more regenerates contained three sorts of fibres. 1. Thin (5 to 20 μm) fibres resembling fetal muscle fibres. They were most prominent after 30 days, and probably not yet innervated. 2. Thin (10 μm) degenerating fibres as in long-time denervated muscles. 3. Thick (more than 30 μm) mature looking fibres which were innervated and revealed end-plates. Half of the grafts studied after 30 and 60 days contained unmyelinated and myelinated axons which had grown along strands of surviving Schwann cells. After 250 days, only two muscles were studied which both lacked innervation. Almost all regenerates contained muscle spindles, which, however, were not innervated. Within the persisting spindle capsules new muscle fibres had been formed from satellite cells of the former intrafusal fibres.
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    Further evidence for the existence of intralobular nerves in the rat liver (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 287-290 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Liver ; Intralobular nerves ; Rat ; Cobalt and Procion Yellow staining
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a recent study (Skaaring and Bierring, 1976) we found cholinesterase positive nerve-like structures in the lobules of rat liver, and scanning electron microscopy revealed cords having a distribution pattern similar to that of the cholinesterase-positive structures. To obtain further evidence for an intralobular nerve supply the methods of cobalt and Procion Yellow nerve staining (Stretton and Kravitz, 1968; Iles and Mulloney, 1971; Pitman, Tweedle and Cohen, 1972) were adapted, iontophoretic introduction of the dyes being attempted through cut axonal ends in the surface of small excised blocks of rat liver.
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    The lateral hypothalamic area (1977)
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    Cell & tissue research 179 (1977), S. 177-196 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lateral hypothalamic area ; Synaptic organization ; Rat ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural analysis of the rat lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) was undertaken in order to provide an initial step in the characterization of this complex area which appears to participate in a number of important neural functions. The organization of the normal tuberal LHA was compared to the area following acute and chronic denervating lesions. In the normal animal, the principal features of the LHA are the presence of lateral hypothalamic neurons, a major sagittal pathway (the medial forebrain bundle, MFB) and the interposed neuropil richly populated by a variety of synaptic terminal types. Alterations in the synaptic organization of the LHA following rostral and caudal MFB lesions were most pronounced in animals with acute and chronic caudal lesions. A 10% reduction of synaptic terminals containing 800–1000 Å diameter dense core vesicles and a 10% increase in terminals containing lucent core vesicles was observed in animals with caudal lesions while no significant redistribution of synaptic terminal types occurred with rostral lesions. The preliminary degeneration experiments indicate that identification of the numerous and diverse afferents to the LHA neuropil may be aided by this method but that a detailed and systematic ultrastructural analysis will be required to identify sources of input with certainty.
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    Fine structure of the corpus luteum of the autografted ovary in the rat (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 171 (1976), S. 375-379 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Corpus luteum ; Autografts ; Rat ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rat ovary has been transplanted successfully to subcutaneous tissue areas by several investigators. Light microscopy has revealed that corpora lutea in ovarian autografts are formed by luteinization of intact follicles and contain entrapped ova. In the present study, corpora lutea from autografted ovaries in castrate rats were obtained at metestrus and examined electron microscopically to determine whether their cellular morphology correlated with the normal progesterone levels in these animals. Cellular features usually accepted as regressive were apparent. The findings suggest either structural luteolysis is occurring before functional luteolysis or that the adrenal has increased steroidogenic activity in the castrate with ovarian autografts to account for the normal progesterone levels.
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    Ultrastructure of the corneal nerves in the Rat (1976)
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    Cell & tissue research 172 (1976), S. 133-144 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cornea ; Nerves ; Rat ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the corneal nerves of the rat was studied in tissue fixed by immersion in and by perfusion with glutaraldehyde-containing fixatives. Of the four types of axonal terminal identified in the nerves, those with the features of adrenergic and cholinergic terminals were confined to the nerves at the limbus and were concentrated in the perivascular plexuses. The remaining two types of terminal were found on axons located in all parts of the cornea and on both intraepithelial axons and axons in the stromal nerves. Of these, one contained the numerous mitochondria which occur in the terminals of axons associated with known mechanoreceptors and the second contained variable and often small numbers of both clear and large dense-cored vesicles. While most of the mitochondria-containing terminals were seen in nerves located near the periphery, vesicle-containing terminals were numerous in all of the nerves, and especially in those in the avascular cornea. In material fixed by immersion in glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde, the vesicle-containing terminals appeared to be dilated, but in material fixed by perfusion there was little evidence of any increase in the diameter of the axons in the terminal regions. The structure of the terminals was compared with that of the terminals of axons identified in the nerves of the skin and the urinary tract and the differences in the vesicle content of the terminals to those reported in other studies of the corneal nerves was related to the use of different fixation procedures. The possibility that axons possessing such terminals are identical with the beaded axons and both the cholinesterase-positive and fluorescent axons demonstrated in light microscopical studies of the corneal nerves is discussed, and the widespread distribution of the axons in the cornea is equated with the hypothesis that they are afferent in nature and represent the peripheral receptors for pain impulses.
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    The zinc iodide-osmium tetroxide (ZIO) reaction on nerve endings in the median eminence of the rat under normal and experimental conditions (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 173 (1976), S. 279-286 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence ; Rat ; Monoamine ; ZIO reaction ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The reaction of nerve endings in the median eminence of the rat to zinc iodide-osmium tetroxide (ZIO) staining was examined electron microscopically under normal and experimental conditions. The experimental condition of catecholamine exhaustion in the nerve endings was induced by the administration of H44/68 and reserpine. Vesicles in the terminals of catecholaminergic nerves reacted similarly to ZIO staining in both normal and experimental material. The majority of synaptic vesicles in various terminals gave a positive ZIO reaction. The neurosecretory elementary granules, however, failed to react with ZIO. On the other hand, some nerve terminals in the external layer of the median eminence showed a strong positive reaction in the cytoplasmic matrix, in mitochondria as well as in synaptic vesicles. These findings strongly suggest that the ZIO-positive substance in nerve terminals is not the transmitter itself, i.e. the monoamine, but rather represents a range of substances commonly found in various kinds of synaptic vesicles and is probably proteinaceous in nature. A brief discussion is also given on the difference in ZIO reactivity between neurosecretory elementary granules and small vesicles in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract.
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    Identification of G6PDH-active sinusoidal cells as Kupffer cells in the rat liver (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 196 (1979), S. 237-247 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Liver ; Kupffer cells ; G6PDH activity ; Histochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to identify the G6PDH-active sinusoidal cells in the rat liver described by Rieder et al. (1978). Because of their number and distribution in the liver parenchyma, endothelial cells and pit cells could be excluded. Fat-storing cells were specifically marked by vital staining with vitamin A and identified by fluorescence microscopy. Kupffer cells could be detected after vital staining with carmine. Both staining methods allowed a subsequent incubation for the demonstration of G6PDH activity in the same unfixed cryostat section. Whereas more than 80% of the fluorescent particles were found outside the enzyme-positive cells, all G6PDH-active cells contained carmine particles. After counting the G6PDH-active cells, an estimation of 0.217 × 108 cells/g liver tissue was obtained. The results indicate that high G6PDH activity is common to all Kupffer cells, and is therefore a highly specific marker enzyme for this class of sinusoidal liver cells.
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    An unusual organelle in the pineal gland of the rat (1977)
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    Cell & tissue research 184 (1977), S. 133-137 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal ; Rat ; Unusual organelle ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic survey of pinealocytes from normal rats revealed a highly organized arrangement of cytoplasmic tubules. Such tubules had been previously observed in normal rats (Lin, 1967) and in rats after melatonin administration or two weeks exposure to darkness (Freire and Cardinali, 1975). In a later publication the presence of the tubules was attributed to experimental manipulation resulting in infertility (Gusek, 1976). The present study resolves the discrepancy in the literature by establishing that the tubular organelle does indeed occur in untreated male rats, but rather rarely.
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    A peculiar fibrillar pattern in the myocardial cells of trabeculae carneae in the right ventricle of the rat, mouse, and rabbit (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 208 (1980), S. 165-168 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cardiac muscle cells ; Trabeculae carneae ; Fibrillar pattern ; Mouse ; Rat ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cardiac muscle fibers in the trabeculae carneae of mice, rats, and rabbits show a special arrangement of densely interwoven myofibrils. They cross at various angles; however, a preferred orientation of the fibrils cannot be discerned. It is suggested that due to this arrangement the myocytes of trabeculae are not able to contract to the same extent as ventricular myocytes, but thereby gain a high rigidity during contraction. Hence, they may play a principal role as “guiding ridges” for the flow of blood, thereby improving hemodynamics.
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    Experimental studies of apocrine secretion in the dorsal prostate epithelium of the rat (1979)
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    Cell & tissue research 198 (1979), S. 145-158 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Dorsal prostate gland ; Rat ; Apocrine secretion ; Prolactin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rat dorsal prostate epithelium was studied in intact adult animals, in animals castrated for three days and in rats after inhibition of prolactin secretion. Thin sections, electron-microscopic autoradiographs and freeze-fracture replicas were used to analyze the process of apocrine secretion in this gland. The rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus of the secretory cells are well developed, but secretory granules are absent. The only sign indicating release of secretory material is the appearance of blebs originating from the apical plasma membrane. Freeze-fracture replicas of the apical plasma membrane reveal that the blebs develop randomly from the bases of microvilli-like protrusions. In vitro pulse labeling of the proteins using 3H-leucine resulted in a labeling of the apical blebs. A post-castration period of three days was sufficient to reduce drastically the number and size of the apical blebs concomitant with regressive changes of the cell. Suppression of prolactin secretion for three weeks by application of lisuride, a synthetic ergot alkaloid, also induced regressive changes in the secretory cells. The apical blebs were still present, but they were shrunken and their content appeared condensed. These experimental conditions proved that the apical blebs are closely related to the functional activity of the cells and are interpreted as true apocrine secretion in the rat dorsal epithelium.
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    A scanning electron microscope study of myoepithelial cells in exocrine glands (1980)
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    Cell & tissue research 209 (1980), S. 1-10 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Myoepithelial cell ; Exocrine gland ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By removing connective tissue components with enzymatic digestion followed by HCl-hydrolysis, myoepithelial cells (MECs) of the terminal portion in a variety of exocrine glands of the rat were examined with the scanning electron microscope. The profile of MECs varied considerably from gland to gland; MECs in the lactating mammary gland have a few long cytoplasmic processes in close contact with those of adjacent cells forming a continuous network around the terminal portion. Those of the exorbital lacrimal gland are stellate with many thin radiating processes with tapered ends that terminate freely. MECs in the sublingual gland are characterized by a number of broad and extensive cellular processes. MECs in the submandibular gland are similar in appearance to those of the exorbital lacrimal gland, but with more extensive cellular processes that form a more or less continuous network with those of the adjacent cells. No MECs were observed on the terminal portion of the parotid gland where the cells appear to be lodged on the intercalated duct. The relative surface area covered by MECs per terminal portion was also found to vary significantly, being 24% in the lactating mammary, 17% in the exorbital lacrimal, 48% in the sublingual, and 25% in the submandibular glands. The findings are discussed in relation to the physical properties of secretions in different glands.
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    The location of LH-RH neurons in the rat hypothalamus and their pathways to the median eminence (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 198 (1979), S. 381-395 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: LH-RH neurons ; Hypothalamus ; Rat ; Immunohistochemistry ; Radioimmunoassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The location of the perikarya of LH-RH neurons in the rat hypothalamus and their pathways to the median eminence were studied by immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay after placing stereotaxic electrolytic lesions in several parts of the hypothalamus. The principal location of the cell somata was found to be in the ventral part of the medial preoptic area; their pathways were classified into a main baso-lateral pathway and an accessory descending pathway branching off from the former. The main pathway was found to cross in the vicinity of the corresponding neuronal perikarya. The central median eminence and the dorsal and ventral walls of the tubero-infundibular sulcus of the caudal part of the median eminence are innervated mainly by the baso-lateral pathway. On the other hand, the rostral and most caudal portions of the median eminence are innervated principally by the descending pathway and have a subsidiary dual innervation. The projection of LH-RH neurons to the OVLT is believed to originate from perikarya adjacent to this circumventricular organ.
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    Synaptogenic effect of estrogen on the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of the adult female rat (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 198 (1979), S. 427-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Arcuate nucleus ; Rat ; Hypothalamic deafferentation ; Synaptic plasticity ; Estrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to examine the effect of estrogen on the synaptic structures in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARCN), semi-quantitative studies were performed by counting synapses in an 18,000 μm2 area in the middle part of the ARCN in each brain. In ovariectomized female rats injected with 2 μg of estradiol benzoate (EB) for three weeks, the mean numbers of axodendritic and axosomatic synapses were not significantly different from those in the intact and ovariectomized controls. When the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) including the ARCN was isolated by use of a Halász knife (MBH island), the mean number of axodendritic synapses was decreased to about half of the controls. However, EB treatment for three weeks from the day of surgery effectively restored the axodendritic synaptic population of the deafferented ARCN. This may suggest that estrogen has a facilitatory effect on axodendritic synapse formation in the deafferented ARCN, presumably by stimulating axonal sprouting and synaptic regeneration of intact axons in the MBH island.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234187
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    Fine structure of the transitional zone of the rat seminiferous tubule (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 198 (1979), S. 441-454 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Testis ; Rat ; Seminiferous tubule ; Transitional zone ; Fine structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic study was made on the structure of the testicular transitional zone (TZ) in the adult rat. The TZ proper consists of modified Sertoli cells, with only a few spermatogonia and macrophages, surrounding distally a very narrow lumen. The TZ Sertoli cells have nuclei with a somewhat coarser matrix and more peripheral heterochromatin than Sertoli cell nuclei of the nearby seminiferous tubules, and the electron density of the cytoplasm varies from cell to cell. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is abundant, but usually there are also scattered ribosomal rosettes and an occasional profile of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Microtubules are very numerous in the columnar portion of the cell, and laminar structures seemingly joining the cell surfaces are sometimes seen. Lipid droplets and lysosomal structures are frequent cellular components in proximal TZ Sertoli cells. Empty intracellular vacuoles are abundant, sometimes arranged around areas of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Occasionally, membrane-limited fine granules and vacuoles are seen within Sertoli cells and also in the TZ lumen, suggesting a possible secretory activity by these cells. The apical processes of the Sertoli cells form large vacuolar structures, and in the basal parts of the epithelium vacuoles with capillary-like appearance are frequently seen. Phagocytosis of germinal cells by the Sertoli cells occurs in the proximal region of the TZ. Round waste bodies in contact with the Sertoli cell apices protruding into the tubulus rectus, are also common. The tunica propria of the TZ is thickened and somewhat wrinkled, and in the proximal region the myoid cell layer loses its continuity and is replaced by fibroblasts. The epithelium of the tubulus rectus adjacent to the TZ consists of several overlapping epithelial cells. The typical junctional complexes between TZ Sertoli cells appear to be impermeable to the lanthanum tracer.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234189
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    Effects of pimozide on the ultrastructure of the pars distalis in the rat (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 199 (1979), S. 483-492 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Rat ; Luteotroph cells ; Pimozide ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of pimozide, a dopamine receptor-blocking agent, were studied in the pars distalis of the rat. The animals received 100μg/100 g pimozide daily for 5, 10, 15, and 20 days. Pimozide induces striking ultrastructural changes after 5 days of treatment. The number of luteotroph (LTH) cells is significantly increased; they display characteristics of stimulation. The extrusion of granules into the intercellular space via exocytosis is frequently observed. The intercellular spaces are highly dilated, forming a lacunar system filled with an amorphous material, erythrocytes and involuted LTH cells. Transitional stages in the process of involution are observed in LTH cells. Luteotroph cells also form a syncytium. Twenty days after treatment the abovedescribed changes decrease in magnitude. The present findings suggest that pimozide stimulates the mechanism of synthesis and release in the luteotroph cells, an effect that is less evident with longer treatment.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236084
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    Cytological changes in the pars distalis of the female rat hypophysis grafted under the kidney capsule (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 199 (1979), S. 539-543 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pars distalis ; Graft ; Ultrastructure ; Prolactin ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intact female rats received transplants of two hypophysial partes distales under the kidney capsule. The plasma levels of prolactin were determined, and the ultrastructure of the grafted gland was studied 15, 45 and 90 days after the operation. Although prolactin levels in the three experimental groups were significantly higher than those in control rats, a decrease in prolactin level was detected in the 45-day samples. Parallel ultrastructural changes suggest that between the 45th and 90th postoperative day a process is initiated leading to hyperplasia and hypertrophy of prolactotrophs.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236089
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    Circadian morphometric variation in gastric parietal cell populations of the rat (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 175-177 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Parietal cell ; Stomach ; Circadian rhythm ; Morphometry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Gastric parietal cells of rats maintained under standardized conditions and fed ad libitum were examined by electron microscopy at 6 time points of the 24-h day. Morphometric determinations were made on 4 cell characteristics. The volume density of secretory canaliculi was maximal at the mid-dark sampling point and decreased during the light phase; a secondary peak was seen 1 h before the onset of darkness. The surface density of microvesicles and RER fluctuated inversely with the pattern displayed by secretory canaliculi. The number of multivesicular bodies per cytoplasmic area exhibited a single peak, 1 h after the onset of darkness. It was further noted that parietal cells in the necks and bases of glands differed morphologically and that their organelle populations varied at individual circadian rates.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233733
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    Immunocytochemical localization of somatostatin-containing neurons in the rat hypothalamus (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 201 (1979), S. 349-359 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Rat ; Somatostatin-containing neurons ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rat hypothalamus was studied at the light microscopic level with the use of single and double immunocytochemical staining methods. It was shown that the rat supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei, and their accessory neurosecretory nuclei, do not contain magnocellular somatostatin neurons. The distribution of the hypothalamic parvocellular somatostatin cells is described. The parvocellular component of the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus is, at least partly, composed of somatostatin cells: they form a fairly well circumscribed periventricular cell mass. The rat suprachiasmatic nuclei contain separate somatostatin neurons and vasopressin neurons. Scattered somatostatin cells are present in the entire arcuate nucleus. In addition to the periventricular somatostatin cells located in the preopticanterior hypothalamic area and in the arcuate nucleus, the rat hypothalamus also contains numerous scattered somatostatin cells located distant from the third ventricle.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236995
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    A retinal projection to the lateral hypothalamus in the rat (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 214 (1981), S. 257-269 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retinal projection ; Lateral hypothalamus ; Dendrites in optic tract ; Axodendritic synapses ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study presents evidence for a retinal projection to neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of the albino rat. In Golgi-Kopsch material dendrites from LHA-neurons are observed to extend through the supraoptic commissures into the optic tract. The presence of dendrites in the optic tract is confirmed by electron microscopy. Numerous axon terminals are observed forming asymmetric synaptic contacts with these dendritic profiles. Following bilateral enucleation, many of the preterminal axons and terminals in synaptic contact with dendrites in the optic tract demonstrate dark degeneration. After intraocular injection of horseradish peroxidase, there is marked labeling of preterminal axons and terminals in the optic tract. These observations indicate that LHA neurons receive a direct retinal projection from terminals making synaptic contact with dendrites of LHA-neurons extending into the optic tract.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249210
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    Intraepithelial blood vessels in the vomeronasal neuroepithelium of the rat (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 215 (1981), S. 465-473 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vomeronasal organ ; Olfaction ; Intraepithelial blood vessels ; Rat ; Transmission electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Epithelial-vascular relationships are established during the development of the vomeronasal neuroepithelium of the rat. Special attention is given to the fine structure of the endothelial wall of intra-epithelial vessels, to ultrastructural aspects of the neuronal-vascular relationships, and to the appearance of inclusion bodies in the neuronal cells adjacent to these vessels. The neuronal perikarya surrounding the blood vessels are filled with highly developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Possible functional implications of the vascularization of the neuroepithelium of the vomeronasal organ in mediating olfacto-endocrine relationships are discussed. It is suggested that the intra-epithelial blood vessels are at least supportive and nutritive in nature, while their implication in an olfacto-endocrine connection remains obscure.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233523
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    The rat pituitary cleft: A correlated study by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 215 (1981), S. 515-529 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Rathke's cleft ; Ultrastructure ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary SEM reveals that the inner surface of the pituitary cleft is lined by a continuous layer of marginal cells possessing microvillous and ciliated apical surfaces. The ciliated cells are more numerous on the posterior side (toward the pars intermedia) than on the anterior side of the cleft (toward the pars distalis). In contrast small infoldings (crypts) were occasionally noted only on the marginal layer covering the distal part of the hypophysis. In some areas of the cleft the surface features of the marginal cells are rather similar to the epithelial cells populating the upper parts of the respiratory tract in their topography and distribution. In other regions they also show striking similarities with the ependymal cells (tanycytes) lining the lateral recesses of the 3rd ventricle and the infundibular process with which the pituitary cleft has a very close topographical relationship. The parenchymal cells of the pars distalis are closely related to the flattened marginal cells of the cleft. The intercellular spaces of the pars distalis form a three-dimensional labyrinthic series of cavities continuous with the submarginal spaces of the cleft. Further SEM and TEM results demonstrate that the majority of the microvillous marginal cells lining both sides of the cleft possess surface features such as bulbous protrusions, laminar evaginations and large cytoplasmatic vacuoles, which are very likely the expression of an active transport of fluids. On the basis of these results it is concluded that the fluid-like material (colloid) present in the pituitary cleft is mainly derived from the fluids contained in the lacunar spaces of the pars distalis. Thus, marginal cells by absorbing fluids from the cleft by active endocytosis, may transport to the pars intermedia material (or hormones) produced in the distal part of the gland and vice versa. The cilia present on many marginal cells, based on their 9+2 tubular pattern, possess a kynetic role. This is very similar to that shown by the ciliated cells of the ependyma lining the brain ventricles. The occurrence of ciliated cells within the pituitary parenchyma (mainly in the follicles) suggests that they probably arise from the ciliated cells populating the marginal layer of the cleft and with which the parenchyma cells are closely related.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233528
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    Quantitative observations of the effect of sex-steroids on the postnatal development of LH-cells (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 188 (1978), S. 491-496 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Castration ; LH-cells ; Rat ; Development ; Sex-steroids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of sex-steroids on the LH-cell development in neonatal rats were studied. The cells were stained immunohistochemically by applying anti-HCG serum. On the second day after birth some of the animals of both sexes were gonadectomized and simultaneously injected with testosterone or estradiol (50 or 200 μg). The remaining animals were either gonadectomized or injected with either one of the sex-steroids. The LH-cell numbers in each group were determined on the 12th day of age from serially cut histological sections of the pituitary. In castrated males the number of LH-cells was about twice that of the intact animals. In the so-called sex-zone, LH-cells tended to be hypertrophied in castrates. These alterations in the appearance of LH-cells did not occur after ovariectomy. In gonadectomized animals injected with sexsteroids (200 μg), the cells were markedly reduced in number and size, both in males and females. Testosterone injection (50 μg) into intact newborn animals also suppressed the numerical development of LH-cells, especially in females. These alterations were particularly evident in the sex-zone in both sexes. Thus the present findings show that sex-steroids may be involved in sexual differences in morphological development of LH-cells in newborn rats.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219786
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    Effects of tunicamycin on the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of the rat (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 199-210 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Neurohypophysis ; Neurophysin ; Secretion ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intracisternal injections of tunicamycin, an inhibitor of glycosylation, decreased the incorporation of [35S]cysteine into the neurophysins in the rat neurohypophysis. Histochemical and immunocytochemical studies showed that there was no concomitant decrease in the amount of secretory product in the perikarya of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial neurones. Indeed there was an increase, although this was not associated with neurosecretory granules as judged electron-microscopically. Tunicamycin led to the formation of socalled “colloid droplets” which were immunopositive and of which the ultrastructural correlates appeared to be product-filled dilatations of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The observations are interpreted to suggest that glycosylation plays a rôle in the packaging of secretory material in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system.
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    Somatostatin-immunoreactive fiber projections into the brain stem and the spinal cord of the rat (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 531-552 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin fiber projections ; Brain stem ; Spinal cord ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By use of the PAP-immunohistochemical staining technique with serial sections, somatostatin-immunoreactive fiber projections into the brain stem and the spinal cord are described. These projections originate in the periventricular somatostatin-immunoreactive perikarya of the hypothalamus and form three main pathways: (1) along the stria medullaris thalami and the fasciculus retroflexus into the interpeduncular nucleus; (2) along the medial forebrain bundle into the mammillary body; and (3) via the periventricular gray and the bundle of Schütz into the midbrain tegmentum. Densely arranged immunoreactive fibers and/or basket-like fiber terminals are observed within the following afferent systems: somatic afferent systems (nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini, substantia gelatinosa dorsalis of the entire spinal cord), and visceral afferent systems (nucleus solitarius, regio intermediolateralis and substantia gelatinosa of the sacral spinal cord). These projections form terminals around the perikarya of the second afferent neuron. Perikarya of the third afferent neuron are influenced by somatostatin-immunoreactive projections into the auditory system (nucleus dorsalis lemnisci lateralis, nucleus corporis trapezoidei). Furthermore, a somatostatin-immunoreactive fiber projection is found in the ventral part of the medial accessory olivary nucleus, in nuclei of the limbic system (nucleus habenularis medialis, nuclei supramamillaris and mamillaris lateralis) and in the formatio reticularis (nucleus Darkschewitsch, nuclei tegmenti lateralis and centralis, nucleus parabrachialis lateralis, as well as individual perikarya of the reticular formation). Targets of these projections are interneurons within interlocking neuronal chains.
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    Effect of castration and testosterone administration on the neuromuscular junction in the levator ani muscle of the rat (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 189 (1978), S. 155-166 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Levator ani muscle ; Rat ; Neuromuscular junction ; Castration ; Testosterone effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the neuromuscular junction (n.m.j.) of the androgen-sensitive levator ani muscle was studied in normal adult male rats, in 8-month-old rats castrated at the age of one month and in castrated rats treated with testosterone propionate (TP). Castration does not result in significant changes of the n.m.j. The density of synaptic vesicles and the postsynaptic junctional folds remain practically normal in spite of marked atrophy of the muscle. TP administration for 7 days results in marked changes in preand postsynaptic structures. There is slow progressive depletion of synaptic vesicles, appearance of cisternae and coated vesicles in axon terminals, and coalescence of coated vesicles with the plasma membrane. Coated vesicles are also found inside Schwann cells and among junctional folds. Dense core vesicles appear both in the axon terminals and in the postsynaptic area. Collateral sprouting of terminal axons with the formation of new immature junctions is observed. After 35 days of TP administration depletion of synaptic vesicles continues. Glycogen β-particles, mostly freely dispersed, occasionally seen in axon terminals 7 days after TP administration, subsequently increase in number. In the endplate zone of the muscle fibre increased protein synthesis is indicated by a rapid increase in ribosomes and irregularly located myofilaments and myofibrils. The appearance of n.m.j. after testosterone administration resembles that described after nerve stimulation; the degree of change is however less pronounced.
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    Influence of maternal adrenalectomy on the ultrastructure of the adrenal gland in neonatal rats (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 189 (1978), S. 277-286 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Maternal adrenalectomy ; Rat ; Influence on the adrenals of newborn animals ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Maternal adrenalectomy at 7 or 14 days of gestation produced increased cell necrosis within zona reticularis cells on the day of birth and at 24 or 48 h after birth. Small remnants or large portions of adrenocortical cells were present within macrophages. In otherwise normal adrenocortical cells, lipid droplets were incorporated within some mitochondria. Autophagocytosis of single mitochondria was observed within adrenocortical cells. Undoubtedly ultrastructural changes represent stimulation of adrenocortical cells in neonatal rats in response to maternal adrenalectomy.
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    An intermittent somatostatin-immunoreactivity in the cortex and basal ganglia of the rat (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 205 (1980), S. 327-331 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Cortical cells and fibers ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using light microscopic immunohistochemistry, somatostatinpositive structures were observed in the cortex of the rat. These structures, including cells and fibers, are widely distributed in all cortical laminae and are also found in the basal ganglia. The positive results were obtained exclusively in two groups of animals sacrificed during two different months of two subsequent years. The reason for this variability in the immunocytochemical stainability of cortical structures remains enigmatic.
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    Architecture of normal pancreas as revealed by retrograde injection (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 205 (1980), S. 445-451 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Exocrine pancreas ; Rat ; Architecture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The architecture of the pancreas was revealed by retrograde injection of the pancreatic ductal system of normal rats with a silicone rubber compound, and subsequent study of the preparation by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The injected material became associated with both ducts and “acinar” areas. Examination of these specimens suggests that the arrangement of the exocrine pancreas is that of a complexly curving and branching system of tubules which anastomose and end blindly. This architecture, which is not that of a true acinar gland, provides a rational basis for the understanding of the simple dedifferentiative changes that accompany pancreatic carcinogenesis, and which have been generally interpreted as representing ductular proliferation.
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    Electron microscopic immunocytochemical investigation on the postnatal development of the vasopressin system in the rat (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 205 (1980), S. 453-471 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vasopressin system ; Postnatal development ; Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present ultrastructural results indicate that, in the rat, the vasopressin-synthesizing perikarya of the supraoptic nucleus (NSO) attain a certain degree of maturity earlier than those of the paraventricular nucleus (NPV). In the neonate rat, the stainability of the nuclear areas is very weak; in the perikarya of the NSO a few labeled granules can be found, whereas the perikarya of the NPV often display only a labeled Golgi area, the cytoplasm being devoid of granules. At the end of the first (NSO) and the second (NPV) postnatal weeks, the filling of the neurosecretory granules with vasopressin is inhomogeneous with irregular spots of reaction product distributed on the granules. This feature is less obvious during the following week and has nearly disappeared after the third and fourth postnatal weeks. Already in the neonate two types of vasopressin-positive fibers are observed in the median eminence, characterized by the different diameters of their granules and by their typical location in the internal and the external pericapillary contact zone. Especially in one and two week-old animals, in the internal zone of the median eminence and, to a lesser degree in the neural lobe, the immunocytochemical reaction product is deposited on an axonal tubular network. Judging from the presence of very few vasopressin-negative fibers in the neural lobe of the neonate, the development of the oxytocin system appears to be delayed. A characteristic relationship between pituicytes and the neurosecretory fibers can be observed during the first two postnatal weeks. After the third postnatal week the immunocytochemical features of the vasopressin system correspond approximately to that in adult rats.
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    Effects of vitamin a deficiency on ultimobranchial cysts in the thyroid gland (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 190 (1978), S. 181-185 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vitamin A ; Ultimobranchial tissue ; Ultimobranchial cysts ; Thyroid ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultimobranchial cysts in the thyroid glands of rats receiving a diet adequate in vitamin A are lined with stratified squamous epithelium and contain non-keratinized cellular debris. The epithelium of these cysts in vitamin A deficient animals is keratinized, and their lumina contain keratinized cellular strands surrounding a core of cellular debris. Upon return to a diet adequate in vitamin A the epithelium returns to a non-keratinized state, and the lumina contain keratinized strands surrounded by cell fragments and desquamated whole cells. Occasionally these cysts have an epithelium that is highly irregular in appearance. The relationship of alterations in this tisssue to possible subsequent development of neoplasias is discussed.
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    Automatic morphometric analysis of retrograde changes in the nucleus n. facialis at different ontogenetic stages in the rat (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 190 (1978), S. 285-299 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nucl. n. facialis ; Rat ; Retrograde reaction ; Ontogenesis ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The grey level index (= GLI) and the fresh volume were determined with the image analyser Micro-Videomat for the nucl. n. facialis after axotomy of the left n. facialis. The experiments were performed on 10 rats in different stages of ontogenesis. The GLI is a quantitative parameter which could be quickly obtained and which demonstrated quantitative changes during retrograde reaction in the respective centres. A decrease in the fresh volumes of the affected nucl. n. facialis could also be demonstrated. The meaning of GLI is discussed.
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    Occurrence and regional distribution of striated muscle fibers in the rat pineal gland (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 190 (1978), S. 349-355 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal gland ; Striated musculature ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a total of 96 rat pineals studied 31 were found to contain striated muscle fibers or their precursors. The muscle fibers were most frequently present in the stalk region and more frequently found in the left than in the right hemisphere. Size measurements revealed that the lengths of pineal muscle cell nuclei differ only slightly from those of the sphincter muscle of the iris. However, the yellowish appearance of pineal muscle cell nuclei under darkfield investigation, a phenomenon observed in all muscular tissues of mesenchymal origin and connective tissue cells, may support the hypothesis that pineal musculature is of mesenchymal rather than ectodermal origin.
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    Presence of AVT-, α-MSH-, LHRH- and somatostatin-like compounds in the rat pineal gland and their relationship with the UMO5R pineal fraction (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 206 (1980), S. 341-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: AVT ; LHRH ; α-MSH ; Somatostatin ; Pineal Gland ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Resumé En utilisant des anticorps contre l'AVT, l'α-MSH, le LHRH et la somatostatine, des cellules épiphysaires du Rat ont été immunocytochimiquement colorées. Tous ces anticorps colorent les mêmes cellules. Ces cellules réagissent également quand un anticorps est utilisé contre la fraction épiphysaire UMO5R, fraction qui est douée de propriétés antigonadotropiques in vivo. Il a également été montré que le nombre des cellules immunoréactives était plus important dans la pinéale du jeune rat que dans celle de l'adulte. La comparaison des résultats obtenus avec différents anticorps et l'étude des propriétés de ces anticorps aprés absorption sur différents peptides ou sur différentes fractions épiphysaires, a permis de conclure que les réactions obtenues dans la pinéale du rat n'étaient que la conséquence d'une réaction croisée de ces anticorps avec une/des substance(s) inconnue(s) synthétisée(s) par la pinéale elle-même. La nature endocrine possible de cette substance qui serait chimiquement apparenté aux fractions épiphysaires Mouton UMO5R et Prot. 4, est discutée. Drs. B.L. Baker (Ann Arbor, Mich., USA), M.P. Dubois (Nouzilly, France), J. De Mey (Beerse, Belgium), J.D. Fernstrom (Cambridge, Mass., USA.), H. Goos (Utrecht, The Netherlands), B. Kerdelhué (Gif-sur-Yvette, France) and A.G.E. Pearse (London, U.K.) are also acknowledged for their gifts of various antibodies
    Notes: Summary Using antibodies against AVT, α-MSH, LHRH and somatostatin, immunoreactive cells were detected in the rat pineal gland. All of these antibodies stain the same cells, which also react immunocytochemically when an antibody against the UMO5R sheep pineal fraction, a fraction that presents antigonadotropic properties in vivo, is used. Relatively more immunoreactive cells are present in the pineals of young rats than in the pineals of adult animals. Comparison of the results obtained with different potent antibodies against each of the peptides, and a study of the staining properties of the antibodies in the pineal after solid phase adsorption to different peptides or to different sheep pineal fractions, led to the proposal that the immunoreactivity found in the rat pineal is not due to the presence of AVT, α-MSH, LHRH or somatostatin, but to a cross-reaction of each of these antibodies with (an) unidentified compound(s). This compound is synthetized in the pineal gland, as was demonstrated using cultured pineals. The UMO5R and the Prot. 4 fractions of the sheep pineal seem to be chemically related to this unknown compound, the possible endocrine nature of which is discussed.
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    The structure of cleft material in spine synapses of rat cerebral and cerebellar cortices (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 206 (1980), S. 477-486 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synapse ; Synaptic cleft ; Aldehyde ; PTA technique ; Densitometry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Synaptic clefts of rat cerebral and cerebellar axodendritic spine synapses were studied after aldehyde-perfusion and subsequent immersion into osmic acid or after processing by the aldehyde-PTA technique. The threedimensional examination of aldehyde-perfused, osmic acid postfixed synapses revealed a double-layered intracleft lamina comparable in dimensions and position to the cleft density of non-osmicated, PTA-stained synapses. The relationship of this lamina to perisynaptic astroglial processes was pointed out. Densitometric analysis of the cleft area suggested the identity of the intracleft lamina of osmicated synapses with the cleft density of non-osmicated, PTA-stained synapses.
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    Evidence for amygdaloid projections to the contralateral hypothalamus and the ipsilateral midbrain in the rat (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 191 (1978), S. 183-186 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Amygdaloid body ; Hypothalamus ; Midbrain ; Autoradiography ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light microscopic autoradiography was performed subsequent to injection of tritiated amino acids into various parts of the amygdaloid body of the rat. Evidence is provided for two hitherto unreported projections of the amygdala: from the medial amygdaloid nucleus to the contralateral premamillary nuclei and from the central amygdaloid nucleus to the mesencephalic central grey. The functional implications of these findings are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223226
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    Regeneration of splenic tissue after autologous subcutaneous implantation: Development of non-lymphoid cells in the white pulp of the rat spleen (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 222 (1982), S. 69-79 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Splenic implants ; Non-lymphoid cells ; Trapping ; Enzyme histochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Regeneration of splenic tissue after autologous subcutaneous implantation provides a useful model for studying the development of splenic tissue. The development of the various non-lymphoid cells of the white pulp in the rat is described. It appears that regeneration of the implants is initiated by ingrowing vessels and a newly formed reticulum, which forms the microenvironment for the homing lymphocytes. Marginal metallophils are found at their characteristic location at the inner border of the marginal sinus five weeks after implantation. Trapping of antigen-antibody complexes reappears when the first primary follicles can be recognized.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218289
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    Morphological studies on neuroglia (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 222 (1982), S. 223-226 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kainic acid ; Reactive microglia ; Autoradiography ; Hippocampus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Autoradiographic studies showed that in the rat hippocampus “microglia-like reactive cells” (MRC) and astrocytes are capable of proliferation in response to kainic acid (KA)-induced lesions. A marked increase in the number of labeled MRC was observed during the first four days after the induction of the KA-lesion. A proliferative response of astrocytes occurred at two days after the KA-lesion. After the induction of a KA-lesion brain macrophages and oligodendrocytes were only slightly labeled with 3H-thymidine. It appears likely that MRC is the main cellular element responding to this type of lesion.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218302
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    Functional difference between “classical” neurosecretory material and vasopressin-like substances of the outer layer of the median eminence (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 212 (1980), S. 257-277 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: CRF ; Vasopressin ; Adrenalectomy ; Rat ; Histology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In female Wistar rats the influence of adrenalectomy and NaCl administration on the amount of “classical” neurosecretory material (cNSM) in the supraoptico-hypophysial system and on vasopressin-like substance-containing granules (vlG) in the outer layer of the median eminence has been studied. In conjunction with appropriate sodium replacement, adrenalectomy induces an increase in the amount of vlG but does not alter the amount of cNSM. Administration of hypertonic saline diminishes cNSM but has no or only little influence on the amount of vlG. From the findings it is concluded that cNSM and vlG, in spite of their identical histochemical and immunohistochemical properties, have different functions. The functional significance of the vlG is discussed.
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    Effects of hormone-releasing stimuli on the area of the perivascular space in the neural lobe of the rat (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 191 (1978), S. 501-506 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurohypophysis ; Ultrastructure ; Perivascular space ; Hormonerelease ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neural lobes from rats subjected to neurohypophysial hormone-releasing stimuli were examined electron microscopically following fixation in 4 % tannic acid in 2.5 % glutaraldehyde. This fixation allowed the delineation of the perivascular space in the neural lobe tissue. Measurement of the area of the perivascular space showed that it was significantly increased in the rats subjected to vagal stimulation and intraarterial calcium ions compared to the control rats. The rats which had been subjected to haemorrhage as a hormonereleasing stimulus did not show any significant change in the area of the perivascular space. The significance of these findings in relation to hormone release is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219812
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    Fine structure of the palisade zone of the rat median eminence as revealed by freeze-fracturing (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 191 (1978), S. 513-523 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence ; Rat ; Freeze-fracture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nerve terminals in the palisade zone of the rat median eminence were investigated with freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Fracture face P of the specific terminals showed two populations of intramembranous particles (IMP): a large and a small variety. The large IMP-s often formed small irregular clusters. In nerve terminals the total number of both populations of IMP-s was considerably less than that found on P membrane faces of ependymal feet. On fracture face E of the nerve terminals, the number of IMP-s was about a quarter of that seen on fracture face P. On both fracture faces of most terminals a few small round impressions (or elevations respectively) were found which may be interpreted as broken necks of either exo- or endocytotic vesicles. Neither gap nor tight junctions occurred at lateral membranes of the specific axon terminals. Similarly, no membrane specializations were observed with freeze-fracturing on membrane areas adjacent to the basement membrane. The findings are discussed in relation to a possible exocytosis mechanism of the hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones.
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    Anomalous occurrence of immunoreactive calcitonin cells in the thymus of the rat (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 222 (1982), S. 629-634 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Calcitonin cells ; Anomaly ; Thymus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a study of the effect of pinealectomy on thyroid C-cell number, 8 animals out of 66 were found to have thymic tissue in close association with the thyroid. Cells containing immunoreactive calcitonin were found in all of the thyroids but in only one of the 8 pieces of thymus. These cells found in a piece of thymic tissue associated with the right thyroid lobe were located immediately under the capsule and did not form or associate with follicles. Unlike the other animals the rat with thymic calcitonin cells had an unequal distribution of C-cells between the left and right thyroid lobes, but the total number of thyroidal C-cells was the same as that of the other rats. Since the thymus proper was not examined in these 66 animals, ten additional rats were taken for such a study. Thyroid-associated thymic tissue was found in three of these, but none of these thymi showed any immunoreactive cells.
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    The autonomic innervation of rat jugular vein (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 222 (1982), S. 691-693 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Jugular vein ; Histochemistry ; Adrenergic innervation ; Cholinergic innervation ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The autonomic innervation of rat jugular vein was studied using glyoxylic acid fluorescence and acetylcholinesterase histochemical methods. The rat jugular vein is provided with both adrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibers organized in plexuses located at the adventitial-medial border. The existence of these nerve plexuses does not seem to support biochemical findings that suggest a lack of innervation in the rat jugular vein and which propose this blood vessel as a model for the analysis of drug-smooth muscle cell interaction without the interference of neuronal uptake mechanisms.
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    Immunohistochemical evidence for cholecystokinin-like peptides in neuronal cell bodies of the rat spinal cord (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 223 (1982), S. 463-467 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cholecystokinin ; Spinal cord ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat ; Neuropeptides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity has been demonstrated by radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry in the spinal cord of various mammals, in particular in nerve fibers of the superficial layers of the posterior column, but had not been detected in neuronal cell bodies. We report immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of a group of cholecystokinincontaining neuronal cell bodies in the lumbar spinal cord of the rat. This group of cells is only visualized after direct injection of colchicine into the spinal cord and is located near the central canal in the intermedio-medial nucleus of area X of Rexed.
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    Electron microscopic study of immunoreactive LHRH perikarya with special reference to neuronal regulation (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 220 (1981), S. 511-518 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: LHRH neuron ; Synapse ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electronmicroscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In early postnatal rats, immunoreactive LHRH perikarya in the preoptic area were studied by light and electron microscopy. Synaptic junctions were found between the immunoreactive perikaryon or its process, and the immunonegative nerve fibers. The significance of these synapses is discussed in relation to possible mechanisms by which the activities of LHRH neurons are regulated.
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    In vivo and in vitro studies on the appearance of LHRH neurons in the hypothalamus of perinatal rats (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 194 (1978), S. 433-445 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: LHRH neuron ; Tissue culture ; Hypothalamus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ontogenetic development of LHRH-containing neurons was studied by fluorescence and enzyme immunohistochemistry in rats. In in vitro studies, the tissues of the septal-chiasmatic and mediobasal hypothalamic areas of fetal rats on day 16.5 or 18.5 of gestation were trypsinized separately for dissociation of the neural cells, and cultured for several days. Immunopositive reaction against LHRH was first detected in nerve cells derived from both areas of the hypothalamus of the fetuses on days 16.5 and 18.5 of gestation, after 8 and 6 days culture, respectively. The cells were small, and seemed to be bipolar in morphology indicating an axon and arborized dendrites. Immunopositive material occurred in the cell soma as well as in the cellular processes. In in vivo studies, immunopositive material, possibly deposited in nerve fibers, appeared first in OVLT and simultaneously in the external layer of the median eminence of fetuses on day 20.5 of gestation. The immunoreactive fibers increased in number in both parts with development, especially after birth in the median eminence. No immunopositive material was detected within any neural cell bodies nor in the cytoplasm of any ependymal cells.
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    Freeze-fracture study of the rat parathyroid gland under hypo- and hypercalcemic conditions, with special reference to secretory granules (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 219-230 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rat ; Parathyroid ; Freeze-fracture ; Storage granule ; Exocytosis ; Endocytosis ; Discharged secretory granule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Freeze-fracture images of the parenchymal cells in the parathyroid gland of rats were observed after vitamin D2 plus calcium chloride-suppression and EGTA-activation of secretion. In cells of the suppressed glands, large bulges protruded from the Golgi cisternae, and large granules with a stalk, which are identified as storage granules, suggest that, during maturation, some storage granules may be connected by long tubules with the Golgi cisternae and supplied with secretory products from the Golgi cisternae via these tubules. In the activated glands, presumptive exocytotic and endocytotic specializations of intramembranous particles of the parenchymal cell plasma membrane were frequently observed. In addition, elevations and complementary shallow depressions of various shape and extent were occasionally encountered in the intercellular space. From their morphological characteristics it was concluded that these originated from secretory granule cores, which are discharged from the parenchymal cells into the intercellular space by exocytosis, and it was suggested that discharged granule cores may retain their spherical shape until they fuse to form a flat conglomerate.
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    Immunocytochemical localization of TRH and autoradiographic determination of 3H-TRH-binding sites in the arcuate nucleus-median eminence of the rat (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 475-487 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: TRH ; Immunocytochemistry ; Autoradiography ; Arcuate nucleus ; Median eminence ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunocytochemical and autoradiographic localization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-and 3H-TRH-binding sites was studied in the arcuate nucleus-median eminence region of the rat. TRH-like immunoreactivity was found in dense granular vesicles (90–140 nm in diameter) in TRH-like immunoreactive nerve fibers and terminals. In the median eminence, the immunoreactive terminals were observed to be in direct contact with the perivascular basal lamina of the portal vessel and to form synaptoid contacts with tanycytes. In the arcuate nucleus, the immunoreactive terminals were often found to form axosomatic and axo-axonic, and/or axo-dendritic synapses. The uptake of tritiated TRH into the nerve fibers and terminals of the median eminence was also observed by autoradiography and the distribution and localization of silver grains in them were analyzed quantitatively by circle analysis. Thirty minutes after intraventricular infusion of 3H-TRH, radioactive labeling occurred in type-2 and 3-nerve fibers and terminals containing dense granular vesicles in the median eminence. It is therefore suggested that the neurons labeled after 3H-TRH infusion possess certain functions as physiological recognition sites or receptors for TRH.
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    Regeneration of splenic tissue after autologous subcutaneous implantation: Homing of T- and B- and Ia-positive cells in the white pulp of the rat spleen (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 97-107 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Splenic implants ; Immunoperoxidase technique ; Lymphocyte homing ; Interdigitating cells ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The localization of T-and B lymphocytes and interdigitating cells (IDC) was investigated during the regeneration process of splenic implants. For this purpose a two-step immunoperoxidase technique was used to visualize T-cell antigen, immunoglobulins and Ia-antigen on cryostat sections. The specific localization of the repopulating lymphocytes occurred simultaneously with the development of non-lymphoid elements characteristic for the different compartments of the white pulp, i.e., the periarteriolar lymphocyte sheaths (PALS) and follicles. The marginal zone (MZ) developed after the PALS and primary follicles, but before germinal center reactions were found. During ontogeny, however, the development of a broad MZ precedes the formation of follicles. This difference in sequence of events is discussed.
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    Extracellular matrix vesicles in rat bone after parathyroidectomy (1983)
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    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 451-457 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bone matrix vesicles ; Parathyroid hormone ; Mineralization ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The enzymatic activity of bone matrix vesicles from parathyroidectomized rats was determined and compared to the activity of vesicles from sham operated and normal animals. The vesicles were isolated from the alveolar bone by collagenase digestion and differential centrifugation and further purified on a discontinuous sucrose density gradient. The amount of extractable protein and the activity of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and ATPase in the vesicle fractions thus obtained did not differ significantly from the values characteristic of preparations from control rats. It may therefore be suggested that parathyroid hormone depletion and the associated hypocalcemia have no significant effect on the occurrence and phosphatase activity of bone matrix vesicles.
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    Vacuoles in macrophages and reticular cells of regional lymph nodes of the rat after injection of large doses of steroids (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 57-65 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rat ; Lymph node ; Steroid ; Reticular cell ; Macrophage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of macrophages and reticular cells of regional lymph nodes of the rat after administration of large doses of cortisone acetate, estrone, progesterone, and cholesterol in aqueous suspensions was investigated. A large number of vacuoles, most of which were surrounded by unit membrane, and lipid droplets not surrounded by unit membrane were observed in the cytoplasm of both macrophages and reticular cells. They were not seen in these cells of control animals and in experimental animals that had received smaller doses of these steroid hormones. After cholesterol injection, many lipid droplets were observed in the cytoplasm of macrophages. These observations suggest that steroids injected in suspension accumulate in macrophages and reticular cells of the regional lymph nodes. Electron-dense material was often present in vacuoles of macrophages but not in those of reticular cells.
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    Independent development of presynaptic specializations in olfactory cortex of the fetal rat (1984)
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    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 103-109 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synapses ; Synaptogenesis ; Development fetal ; Olfactory cortex ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy was used to study synaptogenesis in prepyriform cortex of fetal rat pups during early stages of synapse formation. Of special interest is the frequent occurrence of unapposed, developing synaptic specializations in axon and growth cone profiles. The location and morphology of the unapposed specializations suggests that thay are presynaptic in nature. These presumably immature presynaptic specializations are found in the lateral olfactory tract and subjacent cortex. Intermediate forms between uncontacted presynaptic specializations and definitive synapses suggest a synaptogenic sequence in which initial development of an immature presynaptic specialization begins without apposition of a postsynaptic element at that location. This implies that initiation of presynaptic development is not dependent upon postsynaptic contact and also raises the question of whether synaptic contacts could be established via presynaptic induction of postsynaptic formation.
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    Depressive effect of LHRH on the numbers of “synaptic” ribbons and spherules in the pineal gland of diestrous rats (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 461-466 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: LHRH, effect of ; Pineal gland ; Synaptic ribbons ; Synaptic spherules ; Melatonin ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous studies have shown that LHRH or LHRH-like substances are present in the pineal gland. In order to investigate whether exogenous LHRH may affect the pineal gland, in the present study the effects of a single dose of LHRH (1 μg, i.p.) on pineal “synaptic” ribbons and spherules as well as serum melatonin levels were examined in diestrous Wistar rats. One hour after the injection both ribbons and spherules exhibited a statistically significant decrease in number. Serum melatonin levels were not affected. It is concluded that humoral feedback mechanisms may exist between the hypothalamus and the pineal gland.
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    Effects of prolonged maternal fast on the pancreas of 18–21-day-old foetal rats (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 169-179 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Foetal pancreas ; β Cells ; Insulin ; Fasting mothers ; Morphometry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After maternal fasting for 72 h the pancreatic β cells of 18-day-old foetal rats show a conspicuous enrichment in secretory material, with an increase of pancreatic insulin concentration and a marked development of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. The morphometric analysis shows that the intracytoplasmic migration of the secretory granules is inhibited, principally inside the cell web. Consequently the number of secretory granules fused with plasma membrane decreases and this is associated with a decreased foetal plasma insulin. The difference in the ultrastructural aspect of the β cells of foetuses from fasting mothers and of foetuses from fed mothers is less conspicuous at 19 days of gestation and progressively disappears at 20 and 21 days. The modifications in ultrastructural aspect and in functional state are discussed.
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    Connexon rearrangement in cardiac gap junctions: Evidence for cytoskeletal control? (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 185-186 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gap junction ; Cytoskeleton ; Heart ; Ultrarapid freezing ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using ultrarapid-freezing techniques and freezefracture electron microscopy, we report here a close association between cardiac gap junctions and specialized membrane domains containing regularly-spaced furrows. These specialized furrowed domains are observed only during periods of gap junction re-organisation (i.e., connexon redistribution) and may reflect the presence of underlying cytoskeletal elements controlling the position of connexons in the membrane.
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    Pituitary folliculo-stellate cells immunostained with S-100 protein antiserum in postnatal, castrated and thyroidectomized rats (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 231 (1983), S. 235-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; S-100 protein ; Castration ; Thyroidectomy ; Postnatal development ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pituitary folliculo-stellate cells and associated cells were studied immunohistochemically throughout the life of male and female rats. The marginal layer cells of the pars distalis and intermedia as well as the folliculo-stellate cells were immunostained with anti-S 100 protein serum. The immunostained folliculo-stellate cells in one section were identified as themselves by their ultrastructural properties on the adjacent section. Corticotrophs, thyrotrophs and prolactin cells, characterized by the stellate shape, were not immunostained with anti-S 100 protein serum. Reactivity for S-100 protein appeared on postnatal Day 6 in the marginal layer cells of the pars intermedia, and appeared on Day 10 in those cells of the pars distalis. No immunostained folliculostellate cells appeared before Day 6, but a few of them appeared on Day 10. Thereafter they increased in number, having more intense immunostaining with advancing age. In castrated rats, the immunostained folliculo-stellate cells appeared quite numerously, with branched cytoplasmic processes surrounding the gonadotrophs. In the thyroidectomized rats, however, folliculo-stellate cells lacked ramified cytoplasmic processes, and their topographic affinity for thyrotrophs was negligible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222177
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    Morphometry of the small intestinal enterocytes of the fasted rat and the effects of colchicine (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 231 (1983), S. 289-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enterocytes ; Microtubules ; Colchicine ; Cell membrane ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The function of the microtubules that are present in the villus enterocytes of the mammalian small intestine is virtually unknown. In order to advance our knowledge about enterocyte microtubules, a quantitative ultrastructural comparison was carried out on enterocytes from rats injected intraperitoneally with colchicine (0.5 mg/100 g body weight) in saline and from rats injected with saline alone. Our morphometric and stereologic study demonstrates that colchicine treatment results in 1) an absolute decrease in microtubules, 2) a reduction in microvilli, essentially in length, 3) an increased thickness of the terminal web, 4) an increase in total lysosomal volume, apparently by an increased number of smaller lysosomes, and 5) a decrease in the number of Golgi lamellae. These results along with those from other studies suggest to us that enterocyte microtubules are involved in the biogenesis of microvillus plasma membrane. Our morphometric data from the saline-treated rats essentially agree with comparable data from other studies. However, comparison with comparable data from hamster enterocytes demonstrates species differences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222181
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  • 87
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    Complexes of annulate lamellae and nemaline bodies in soleplate nuclei in skeletal muscle fibers of the normal rat (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 231 (1983), S. 337-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Annulate lamellae ; Neuromuscular junction ; Muscles Cell nucleus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pseudointranuclear inclusions resulting from invaginations of the nuclear envelope, characteristic of myopathic muscles, were found in the soleplate nuclei of normal soleus muscles of rats. Such inclusions had annulate lamellae (AL), nemaline or rod bodies, lamellar structures, a concentric system of membranes, as well as tightly packed sarcoplasmic organelles. An accumulative origin of such included structures was suggested. The AL were sometimes connected directly to the outer membrane enclosing the inclusions, dilated into cisterns and positioned perpendicularly against the nuclear surface. AL, some of which were welldeveloped, were observed in the same loci as above during the course of denervation atrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222185
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  • 88
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    Histological study of ibotenic acid-induced modifications of rat retina and their attenuation by diazepam (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retina ; Ibotenic acid ; Toxicity ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After 2 h intraocular injections of 19 and 190 nmoles ibotenic acid in the rat retina produced an intensive vacuolization of the inner plexiform layer and cellular alterations, in the inner nuclear layer and ganglion cell layer. These alterations consisted of either cytoplasmic swelling accompanied by clumping of the nuclear chromatin or darkening of the cytoplasm along with nuclear condensation. A week later the retinas were thinner than the controls due to the disappearance of the affected cells. Pre-treatment with diazepam prevents the morphological alterations induced by 19 nmoles ibotenic acid; mainly the swelling, which was completely prevented, while the darkening was reduced drastically, although some vacuolization of the inner plexiform layer is still present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215147
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  • 89
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    Catecholamine-storing cells in the adrenal medulla of the pre- and postnatal rat (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 155-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal medulla ; Development ; Acetylcholinesterase ; Small granule cells ; Ultramorphology ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of the rat adrenal medulla was studied at the ultrastructural level with particular emphasis placed on early discrimination of different catecholamine-storing cells. The first granule-containing cells, phaeochromoblasts, were seen at day 15 of gestation migrating into the anlage of the cortex. These cells were characterized by a few small granules (80–120 nm in diameter) and a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio. Presumably due to differentiation into chromaffin cells, they were no longer present after the eighth postnatal day. Maturation of phaeochromoblasts was indicated by an increase in number and size of their storage granules and a decrease in the nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio. Noradrenaline and adrenaline cell types were first clearly discernible at day 21 of gestation. Another cell type, a giant cell, was also recognized at this stage. In the adult animal, noradrenaline, two morphologically different types of adrenaline, and small granule-containing cells were observed. By applying acetylcholinesterase histochemistry, it was found that at day 17 of gestation a small population of granule-storing cells showed strong positive staining in the endoplasmic reticulum. In the adult animal this cell type was further characterized by small-storage granules. Other chromaffin cells began to show weak staining within the endoplasmic reticulum at day 19 of gestation. This staining appeared more frequently within adrenaline than noradrenaline cells. However, even in the adult animal many cells of both types were completely negative. It is concluded that acetylcholinesterase histochemistry is a useful method for early discrimination of small granule-containing cells in the developing rat adrenal medulla.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233834
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  • 90
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    Terminal sprouting in rat sternocostalis muscle following partial denervation (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 189-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rat ; Sternocostalis muscle ; Partial denervation ; Motor neuron sprouting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sternocostalis muscle of the rat was examined at one to five days after partial denervation and levels of terminal sprouting were assessed. The removal of one intercostal nerve caused localised degeneration which did not extend more than a few muscle fibres deep into the field of distribution of the adjacent nerve. Terminal sprouting was clearly seen at 24 h after operation and did not appear to develop further up to five days. There was no difference in the sprouting responses to section of either intercostal nerve 2, 4 or 5. There was, however, a decrease in the response with increasing distance from the cut nerve. No sprouting response was observed in the contralateral muscle. Comparison of sprouting levels of B and C type end plates revealed a greater percentage of C type end plates with sprouts. However, the response of B type end plates, considered in relation to the levels of spontaneous sprouting, was greater than that of C type end plates.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233837
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    Ultrastructure of elastic cartilage in the rat external ear (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 218 (1981), S. 149-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Elastic cartilage ; External ear ; Rat ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of elastic cartilage in the external ear of the rat was investigated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The narrow subperichondrial, boundary zone contains predominantly ovoid cells rich in cell organelles: mitochondria, Golgi complex, granular endoplasmic reticulum and small (40–100 nm) vesicles. Scarce glycogen granules and bundles of 6–7 nm cytoplasmic filaments are also present. Deeper in the boundary zone, one or more cytoplasmic lipid droplets appear and cytofilaments become more abundant. Fully differentiated chondrocytes in the central zone of the cartilage plate resemble white adipose cells. They are globular and contain a single, large cytoplasmic lipid droplet. The cytoplasm is reduced to a thin peripheral rim; it contains a flattened nucleus, few cytoplasmic organelles and abundant, densely packed, cytoplasmic filaments. The intercellular matrix is very sparse. The pericellular ring consists of collagen fibrils about 20 nm in diameter and a proteoglycan cartilage matrix in the form of a “stellate reticulum”. The complex of these two structures appears in the scanning electron micrographs as a network of randomly oriented, ca 100 nm thick fibrils. Spaces between pericellular rings of matrix also contain thick elastic fibers or plates, apparently devoid of microfibrils. In scanning electron micrographs elastic fibers could be detected only in a few areas, in which they were not obscured by other constituents of the matrix. Immature forms of elastic fibers, oxytalan (pre-elastic) and elaunin fibers, were found in the perichondrial and boundary zones.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210101
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    Cells capable of uptake of horseradish peroxidase in some circumventricular organs of the cat and rat (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 219 (1981), S. 85-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Circumventricular organs ; Reticuloendothelial system ; Phagocytic cells ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Cat ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of mesenchymal cells distributed in some of the “hypendymal organs” of the circumventricular system in the cat and rat was demonstrated after intravenous injection of high doses of horseradish peroxidase. These cellular elements were observed in the vicinity of blood vessels of the organon vasculosum laminae terminalis, subfornical organ and area postrema. Electron-microscopically, these cells located between the basal laminae of the brain parenchyma and the blood capillaries show long cellular processes encircling fenestrated capillaries. Light and electron-microscopic examination revealed that this cell type is identical with the “horseradish peroxidase-uptake cells”, previously reported in the vicinity of the hypophysial portal system. Such phagocytic cells may be considered as a cellular component intervening between the brain parenchyma and the blood stream, playing a role in selective barrier functions in the above-mentioned circumventricular organs where a blood-brain barrier in the classical sense of the definition is lacking.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210020
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    Immunohistochemical study of S-100 protein in the postnatal development of Müller cells and astrocytes in the rat retina (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 503-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: S-100 ; Müller cell ; Astrocyte ; Development ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rat retina was studied by immunohistochemistry with antibody to S-100 protein during the first three postnatal weeks. Immunoreactive astrocytes are first detected subjacent to the inner limiting membrane close to the optic disc. They gradually increase in number and spread toward the ora serrata along the inner surface of the retina as the development proceeds. S-100-immunostained Müller cells are first identified on the 12th postnatal day although their immunoreactivity is much weaker than that of astrocytes at the same stage. This differential intensity of the immunoreactivity of the two cell types facilitates observation of the entire shape of the astrocyte. This characteristic reveals that cellular investments of blood vessels in the inner retina are formed by astrocytic processes whereas those in the outer plexiform layer are derived from processes of Müller cells. The cellular investment becomes complete by the 18th postnatal day.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219865
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    Ultrastructural characteristics of vasopressin-containing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 125-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vasopressin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Hypothalamus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vasopressin-containing neurons, identified by immunocytochemistry, are located predominantly in the posterior magnocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus. By electron microscopy, the immunoreaction product is seen within the cell bodies and neuronal processes. In the perikarya and dendritic processes, the immunoreactive material is associated primarily with neurosecretory granules. Axonal processes, identified by their content of microtubules and accumulation of neurosecretory granules, show the immunoreaction product in association with both of these organelles. Afferent axo-dendritic, axo-somatic and putative axo-axonic synapses with immunostained vasopressinergic neurons can be identified. The presynaptic profiles do not contain immunoreactive material. This study contributes to the ultrastructural characterization of vasopressinergic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus and of their afferent synaptic input.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217406
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    Karyometry of nuclei in liver cells (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 669-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Liver-cell heterogeneity ; Hepatic venous branches ; Karyometry ; Binucleate cells ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In untreated adult male albino rats nuclear volume and the percentage of binucleate cells were determined in the first layer of hepatocytes adjacent to hepatic venous branches of varying diameters (〈40 μm, 40 μm–80 μm, 80 μm–120μm, 120 μm–160 μm, 〉160 μm), and in the third and fourth layer of hepatocytes in the remainder of the perivenous parenchyma. In the first layer of hepatocytes adjacent to the vascular structures means of nuclear volume are significantly lower and percentage of binucleate cells significantly higher than in the cells of the remainder of the perivenous parenchyma. Within each area measured distribution curves of nuclear volume classes were homogeneous but showed heterogeneity in comparison with each other. The morphometric data presented in this study strongly support the opinion of the heterogeneity of liver cells in the perivenous zone, as previously postulated on the basis of histochemical investigations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226967
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    Immunocytochemistry and ultrastructure of the neuropil located ventral to the rat supraoptic nucleus (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 171-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Supraoptic nucleus ; Neuropil ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neuropil located ventral to the SON was investigated by the use of immunoperoxidase staining for neurophysins, oxytocin and vasopressin, and electron miroscopy. The study was performed in six groups of rats: 1) control; 2) infusion of isotonic saline into the CSF; 3) infusion of hypertonic saline into the CSF; 4) drinking hypertonic saline for 4 days; 5) same as group 4 but injection of colchicine into the CSF on second day of dehydration; 6) salt loading for 3 months. In the control rats the ventral neuropil contained a few immunoreactive processes, the general morphology of which was completely different from that of the neurosecretory axons emerging from the SON at its dorsal aspect. In rats of groups 3 to 6 the ventral processes (VP) became loaded with neurosecretory granules, whereas the perikarya and axons were depleted. Based on their general morphology and reactivity pattern it is suggested that the VP are dendrites. Most of these “dendrites” were embedded in a glial cushion formed by the processes of a particular type of marginal glia. Some of these “dendrites” enveloped an arteriole penetrating the optic tract. All VP were rich in synaptic contacts. The possibility that the VP of neurosecretory cells may be functionally related to the subarachnoid CSF and the arteriolar blood flow is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216528
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    Electron-microscopic study of silver staining of nucleoli in growing oocytes of rat ovaries (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 249-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Oocyte ; Nucleolus ; Silver staining ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The nucleoli of dictyate-stage growing oocytes in rat ovaries were examined both with routine electron microscopy and electron microscopy after silver nitrate and ammoniacal silver nitrate (Ag-AS) staining. The nucleoli of the unilaminar follicular oocytes consist of twisted strands of dense fibrillar components, aggregates of granular components, and small fibrillar centers. After Ag-AS staining, silver grains are numerous on the dense fibrillar strands, fewer on the fibrillar centers, and very sporadic on the granular aggregates. The same stainability of three nucleolar components with the Ag-AS method was also confirmed in the nucleoli segregated by actinomycin D. During the transition of growing oocytes from bilaminar to plurilaminar follicle stage, the nucleolar dense fibrillar strands gradually conglomerate and are transformed into large and compact spherules. The stainability of dense fibrillar components with the Ag-AS method was lost along with this nucleolar transformation. These results may provide some new clues on the functional significance of AgAS-positive proteins in the nucleoli.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214225
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    Administration of caerulein to rats promotes antral epithelial cell renewal (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 711-715 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gastric antral mucosa ; Caerulein ; Gastrointestinal hormones ; Cholecystokinin ; Trophic effect ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The growth-promoting effect of caerulein on antral gastric mucosa was explored using Wistar rats. Implanted osmotic minipumps were used to administer submaximal doses of either caerulein or saline to normal rats for up to 4 days. In one group, reflux of bile and pancreatic juice into the stomach was avoided by previous surgical diversion of the distal common bile duct to the jejunum. DNA synthetic and mitotic activity in the antrum epithelium were estimated by 3H-thymidine pulse labelling and autoradiography during the administration of the peptide. The rate of cell migration was determined in animals killed 1, 2 and 3 days after the 3H-thymidine pulse. Administration of caerulein to normal rats provoked significant increases in both labelling and mitotic indices, and a significant acceleration of the upward cell migration in the glandular tubes. In the animals with distal diversion of bile and pancreatic secretions both labelling and mitotic indices were also increased over control values under the effect of the peptide. These data indicate that administration of caerulein stimulates cell proliferation in the antral gastric mucosa. This effect cannot be explained through increased reflux of pancreaticobiliary secretions in the stomach.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217242
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    The ovarian follicle as a model for the cell-mediated control of tissue growth (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 717-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovary ; Ovarian follicle ; Atresia ; Immunoregulation ; Immune tolerance ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thy-1+ cells, producing Thy-1+ material, have been demonstrated by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique in the theca of growing ovarian follicles of the rat. OX-2 antigen, known as the minor glycoprotein of rat thymocytes, was detected in granulosa cells of non-growing follicles. Ia+ cells of dendritic type and/or activated macrophages were identified in the granulosa of advanced degenerating follicles, and remnants of the zona pellucida exhibited immunoglobulins. In some ovaries immunoglobulins were also bound to the zona pellucida of oocytes of early degenerating antral follicles. Medium-sized antral follicles with degenerating granulosa were occasionally invaded by cells carrying antigens of cytotoxic T lymphocytes or other T lymphocyte subsets, while degenerating large antral follicles were sometimes invaded by cells exhibiting antigen of cells with natural killer function (but not antigens of T lymphocytes). Granulosa cells of some degenerating antral follicles exhibited class-I antigens derived from the major histocompatibility complex. We suggest that cell-mediated control mechanisms of antigen expression and metabolism of tissue cells during their differentiation and degeneration should be considered in addition to the well-documented hormonal dependence of some tissues.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217243
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  • 100
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    The activated hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system and the one neuron -one neurohypophysial hormone concept (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 200 (1979), S. 29-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Magnocellular neurosecretory system ; Activation ; Rat ; Vasopressinergic neurons ; Oxytocinergic neurons ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The activated hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system of the rat was studied in tissue sections, double stained with the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) technique. The results indicate that in animals with an activated hypothalamic magnocellular neuroendocrine system, as well as in normal animals, vasopressin and oxytocin are exclusively synthesized in separate vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurons.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236884
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