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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (1,642)
  • General Chemistry  (1,332)
  • SPACE RADIATION
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • 1970-1974
  • 1965-1969  (3,418)
  • 1967  (3,418)
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  • 1970-1974
  • 1965-1969  (3,418)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 91-92 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 228-236 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 3
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 240-253 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 276-279 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 285-285 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 288-288 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 308-311 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermodynamic-kinetic interpretation of the passivation phenomena with Fe—Cr alloysBy superimposing two thermodynamic kinetic current output/potential curves corresponding to iron and chromium, respectively, it is possible to plot the selfpassivation curve for Fe-Cr alloys, which is similar to the potentiostatic polarisation curve. For the ideal Fe-Cr alloy, it is possible to draw conclusions concerning the Fe and Cr passivity zones and the composition of the oxide layers on the passivated Fe-Cr alloy at the Flade reference potential.
    Notes: Durch Überlagern zweier, dem Eisen und Chrom entsprechenden thermodynamischer-kinetischen Stromausbeute/Spannungskurven ist es möglich, die der potentiostatischen Polarisationskurve ähnliche Selbstpassivierungskurve für Fe-Cr-Legierungen aufzustellen. Für die ideale Fe-Cr-Legierung kann man auf die Bereiche der Fe- und Cr-Passivität und die Zusammensetzung der oxydischen Schichten auf der passivierten Fe-Cr-Legierung bei der Flade-Bezugsspannung schließen.
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  • 8
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 784-793 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The reaction-accelerating effect of fluorides during the pickling of scale-affected iron partsOn the strength of the knowledge: 1that the iron oxides Wüstite, Hematite and Magnetite are differently affected by normal pickling acids, and1that a very weak hydrofluoric acid dissolves bare iron exceptionally slowly, but magnetite exceptionally rapidly, the solubility of the magnetites difficult to dissolve in acid was systematically tested in inorganic acids (HCl, H 2 SO 4) and in organic acids (formic acid, acetic acid, citric acid), with and without admixture of fluoric acid or bi-fluorides. The chemical reactions are represented in the form of reaction equations. Reference is made to the high inhibiting effect of commercial inhibitors and the useful technical application of highly diluted fluoric acid or fluor-activated acids in pickling technology.
    Notes: Ausgehend von der Erkenntnis: 1daß die Eisenoxyde Wüstit, Hämatit und Magnetit von den üblichen Beizsäuren unterschiedlich angegriffen werden und1daß sebr schwache Flußsäure blankes Eisen ungewöhnlich langsam, Magnetit aber auffallend schnell löst, wurde die Löslichkeit des schwer säurelöslichen Magnetits in anorganischen (HCl, H2SO4) und organischen Säuren (Ameisen-, Essig-, Citronensäure) mit und ohne Zusatz von Flußsäure bzw. Bifluoriden systematisch untersucht. Das ablaufende chemische Geschehen wurde in Form von Reaktionsgleichungen dargestellt. Auf die hohe Hemmwirkung handelsüblicher Inhibitoren und den nutzbringenden technischen Einsatz stark verdünnter Flußsäure bzw. fluoraktivierter Säuren in der Beiztechnik wird hingewiesen.
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  • 9
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 860-860 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 10
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 956-957 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 957-958 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 960-960 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 13
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 1075-1075 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 14
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 366-368 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 15
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 369-375 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 16
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 381-382 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 17
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 18
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion phenomena and their consequences encountered on dairy equipment made of plasticsTheorists will be reluctant to apply the term “corrosion” to the interrelations between plastics and food. But the author would like to point out that a food chemist must apply much more exacting scales of value. For instance, the intrinsically unimportant porosity of a tin of condensed milk may, because of the entry of a few milligrammes of iron, render the milk unusuable with coffee. Similarly, a few milligrammes of copper from a cream pump are sufficient for the butter to become rancid within a short time. In the author's opinion, the corrosion of plastics confronts the food chemist with a similar situation. Although the extent of corrosion encountered on plastics will generally, in the food industry be fairly small, the micro-biological and organoleptic consequences are apt to magnify the corrosion effect to such an extent that the foodstuff can no longer be sold.
    Notes: Die wiedergegebenen Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Kunststoff und Lebensmittel wird der Theoretiker nur widerwillig unter den Begriff „Korrosion“ einreihen wollen. Der Verfasser möchte jedoch zu bedenken geben, daß der Lebensmittelchemiker einen wesentlich strengeren Maßstab anlegen muß. Beispielsweise macht die an sich geringfügige Porosität einer verzinnten Dose die darin aufbewahrte Kondensmilch auf Grund des Übertritts von wenigen mg Eisen als Weißungsmittel für Kaffee unbrauchbar; ebenso genügen wenige mg von Kupfer einer Rahmpumpe, daß die Butter in kurzer Zeit ranzig wird. Bei der Korrosion der Kunststoffe liegt für den Lebensmittelchemiker meines Erachtens nach die gleiche Situation vor. Das Ausmaß der Korrosion der Kunststoffe auf dem Lebensmittelsektor ist im allgemeinen zwar geringfügig, durch die ausgelösten mikrobiologischen und sinnesphysiologischen Folgeerscheinungen kann jedoch die Korrosionswirkung so potenziert werden, daß das Lebensmittel für den Verbraucher nicht mehr zumutbar wird.
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  • 19
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 436-437 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 20
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 411-419 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Alteration of plastics under the influence of the surrounding mediaPlastics are more susceptible than metallic materials to undergo alterations under external influences, these alterations having a bearing on the properties expected during the use of the plastic materials. The different external influences predominantly deteriorate the properties. Since such alterations in most cases occur in the course of an extended period of time only, there is a tendency to group them as “aging” phenomena. One part of such alterations, however, and at least those which are accompanied by chemical reactions initiated from outside, correspondessentially to corrosion phenomena as they are known to occurr on metals.In order to furnish a basis for an intended terminological standardization which should cover, if possible, all the groups of materials, and, simultaneously, in order to point out the limits set to the utilisation of plastics because of the influences due to the medium the author presents a survey showing the various influences and the property changes resulting therefrom.The classification currently used so far differentiates between physical, chemical, and biological effects. The physical effects would include the effects of beat, light, and high energy radiation, purely mechanical effects due to gases and liquids diffusing into the plastic material, and finally the mechanical stresses which are frequently added to the other effects mentioned. As to chemical action a classification involving oxidation, hydrolysis and reduction appears reasonable. The biological effects are  -  according to the present state of our knowledge  -  restricted to chemical attack by products of microbial metabolism and do not involve attack by the microorganisms as such.The alterations produced are discussed, taking into account individual as well as combined effects to be expected during the utilisation of plastics in practice. As far as possible, case histories are mentioned to support the ideas outlined above.
    Notes: Mebr als metallische Werkstoffe erfahren Kunststoffe unter äußeren Einflüssen Veränderungen, die sich auf die Gebrauchseigenschaften auswirken können. Vorwiegend sind es Eigenschaftsminde-rungen, die durch die verschiedenartigsten äußeren einwirkungen eintreten. Da diese Veränderungen meist im laufe einer längeren Zeitspanne auftreten, list man geneigt, sie als Alterungserscheinungen zusammenzufassen. Ein Teil der Veränderungen, zumindest solche, bei denen von außen her chemische Reaktionen ausgelöst werden, entsprechen jedoch weitgehend den Korrosionserscheinungen bei Metallen. Als Grundlage für eine angestrebte Vereinheitlichung der Begriffe, die möglichst alle Werkstoffgruppen berücksichtigt, zugleich aber auch, um die von seiten der Umgebungseinflüsse gesetzten Grenzen der Kunststoffanwendung aufzuzeigen, wird ein Überblick über die verschiedenen Einwirkungen und die dadurch ausgelösten Eigenschaftsänderungen gegeben.Das bisher meist angewandte Einteilungsschema unterscheidet zwischen physikalischen, chemischen und biologischen Einwirkungen. Im einzelnen wären dabei zu den physikalischen Einwirkungen zu rechnen der Einfluß von Wärme, von Lichtstrablung und energiereicher Strablung, der rein mechanischeische Einfluß von Wauml;rme, von Lichtstarahlung und energierereicher Strahlung, der rein mechanische Einfluß von Gasen und flüssigkeiten, die in den kunststoff eindiffundieren, und schließlich mechanische Spannungen, die vielfach mit anderen Einflüssen zusammen auftreten. Für die chemischen Einwirkungen scheint eine Aufgliederung in Oxydationseinflüsse, Hydrolyseerscheinungen und reduktive Abbauerscheinungen sinnvoll. Die biologischen Einwirkungen beschränken sich nach neuesten Erkenntnissen auf chemischen Angriff durch Ausscheidungen von Mikroben und nicht durch die Mikro-organismen selbst.Die ausgelösten Veränderungen werden für die einzelnen Einwirkungen bzw. für das kombinierte Auftreten solcher Einwirkungen im Hinblick auf die Anwendung des Kunststoffes in der Praxis behandelt. Soweit möglich, werden Beispiele von praktischen Schadensfällen angeführt.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 475-475 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 475-475 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 529-536 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Electrochemical and chemical corrosion testing of 13% Cr cast steel in chloride containing mediaThe corrosion rate of 13-1 Cr-Ni, 13-4 Cr-Ni, 12-5-1 Cr-Ni-Mo and 14-5-1 Cr-Ni-Mo cast steel is studied in 3% NaCl solution, sea water and 2 N H2SO4 containing up to 0.35 N NaCl; test methods include electrochemical ones, i.e. by measuring the slope of the current density/potential curve at the corrosion potential, and chemical methods, i.e. by analysis. In 3% NaCl solution both methods yield a series of decreasing rates (13-1, 12-5-1, 13-4 and 14-5-1 Cr-Ni-Mo cast steel), weight loses ranging from 0,7 to 0,2 g/m2d at 40° C, and from 0,4 to 0,1 g/m2d at 20° C. These results confirm the quantitative agreement between electrochemical and chemical evaluation as well as the agreement between short term and long term testing. The influence of flow is investigated and overall current density/potential curves are determined in various media and are interpreted. In addition, the authors describe an apparatus for the determination of corrosion rates between 1000 and 0,003 g/m2d.
    Notes: Die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeiten von 13/1-CrNi-, 13/4-CrNi-, 12/5/1-CrNiMo- und 14/5/1-CrNiMo-Stahlguß werden in 3%iger NaCl-Lösung, Meerwasser und in 2 n H2SO4 mit bis zu 0,35 n NaCl auf elektrochemischem Wege durch Messung der Steigung der Stromdichte-Potential-Kurve beim Korrosionspotential sowie chemisch durch Analyse ermittelt. In 3%ioger NaCl-Losung ergibt sich nach beiden Methodes cine Abstufung in des Reine 13/1-, 12/5/1-, 13/4- und 14/5/1- CrNiMo mit Werten von 0,7 bis 0,2 g/m2d bei 40° C und von 0,4 bis 0,1 bei 20° C. Diese Resultate bestätigen die quantitative Übereinstimmung sowohl von elektrochemischer und chemischer Bestimmungs-methode als auch von Kurz- und Lang-zeitversuch. Neben dem Einfluß der Strömung werden die Gesamt-Stromspan-nungskurven in verschiedenen Medien bestimmt und interpretiert sowie eine Apparatur zur Ermittlung von Korrosions-geschwindigkeiten im Bereich von 1000 g/m2d bis 0,003 g/m2d beschrieben.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 574-574 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 760-763 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 1027-1032 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Diagnosis of case histories from a synthesis gas saturation columnThe saturation column, made of steel type 1Cr18Ni9Ti (wall thickness: 8 mm), in which the gas is cooled down to 240°C by a water jet and, simultaneously saturated with water vapour, failed after only 3000 hours' operation; the failure was attributable to a damaged footing tube. An analysis of the damaged parts suggested, that the main cause of the failure was not the design of the equidistant shells, i. e. the welding connection between the tubes and the two shells, which had originally been assumed to be faulty, but in a first line the material selection which was wrong in view of possible corrosion. The tensile stresses resulting from the rigid connection of the footing pipes are but one of the factors contributing to the development of stress corrosion cracking.This opinion concerning the reason of the first failure was confirmed when another failure occurred after another 1000 hours' operation of the column: a thorough inspection revealed some spots where stress corrosion cracking bad developed.
    Notes: Die aus Stahl der Type 1Cr18Ni9Ti (8 mm Wanddicke) gefertigte Saturations-kolonne, in der das Gas durch Wassereinspritzen auf 240° abgekühlt und gleichzeitig mit Wasserdampf gesättigt wird, wies erst nach 3000 Betriebsstunden infolge Standröhrenbeschädigung eine Störung auf. Durch eine Analyse der beschädigten Teile kam man zu der Ansicht, daß die Hauptursache der Beschädigung nicht in der ursprünglich als falsch angesehenen Ausführung der äquidistanten Mäntel liege, d. h. im Zusammenschweißen der Röhren mit beiden Mänteln, sondern vor allem auf eine ungeeignete Materialauswahl in Bezug auf die Korrosionsbedingungen zurückzuführen sei. Die durch die feste Verbindung der Standröhren hervorgerufenen Zugspannungen stellen nur einen der Faktoren dar, die sich an der Entstehung der Spannungsrißkorrosion beteiligen.Diese Beurteilung der Ursache der ersten Beschädigung wurde bei einer zweiten Störung nach weiteren 1000 h an der in Betrieb stehenden Kolonne bestätigt, denn es wurden bei einer gründlichen Besichtigung einige Störstellen aufgefunden, die Spannungskorrosionsrisse aufwiesen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 1053-1057 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 1066-1071 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 1076-1076 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 84-90 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. I 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 112-116 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Behaviour of materials for chemical apparatus at higher temperaturesFollowing an introductory survey of the essence and significance of static data (short-time and long-time tensile test at higher temperatures), the creep process associated with the latter is discussed and its effect on the service life of chemical apparatus indicated. On the basis of results of practical tests with nonferrous and ferrous metals, the statistical significance of conventional and desirable presentation results is discussed.
    Notes: Im Anschluß an einen einführenden Überblick über das Wesen und die Bedeutung statischer Kennzahlen (Kurzzeit- und Langzeit-Zugversuch bei höheren Temperaturen) wird der bei letzteren ablaufende Kriechvorgang erläutert und dessen Bedeutung für die „Laufzeit“ chemischer Apparate aufgezeigt. An praktischen Versuchsergebnissen (NE- und E-Metalle) wird die Aussagefähigkeit üblicher und zweckmäßiger Darstellungsmöglichkeiten Versuchsergebnisse diskutiert.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 137-144 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 166-167 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 184-184 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 205-210 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Laminated coating systemsAfter the introductory discussion of the selection of suitable natural and synthetic textiles and of coating agents for the preparation of laminated coating systems (coats with fabric insertions), an illustrated survey of some magnitude is given of coating techniques for laminated coating system on metal surfaces. It is shown in detail that such coatings are much superior to normal coating in regard to freedom from defects, mechanical proporties, and protection against various aggressive liquids (mineral acids, solvents).
    Notes: Einleitenden Richtlinien für die Auswahl geeigneter natürlicher und synthetischer Textilien sowie Anstrichmittel zum Aufbau laminierter Anstrichsysteme (Anstriche mit Gewebeeinlage) folgt ein ausführlicher Abriß über die Technologie des Aufbringens laminierter Anstriche auf Metalloberflächen in Wort und Bild. Es wird in allen Einzelheiten gezeigt, daszlig; Fehlerfreiheit, mechanische Eigenschaften und der Schutzwert des Systems gegen verschiedene aggressive Flüssigkeiten (Mineralsäuren, Lösungsmittel) ungleich höher sind als bei einfachen Anstrichen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 346-352 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 478-480 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 506-514 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion prevention by suitable design in practiceIn corrosion protection, a decisive factor is the appropriate design, by the designer, of steel structures with corrosion protection in mind.In many cases, the subsequent finishing or surface treatment of steel structures or machines is subject to certain specifications in regard to type, shape, surface, etc. of the structure which have, in practice, been found appropriate. Among these specifications may be suitability for adhesives, easy erection, adequate mechanical strength, weldability, suitability, for hotdip or normal galvanisation, readiness to take gumming or plastics lining and, last not least, suitability for application of coatings and corrosion protection. Such precautions have become known under the slogan “Corrosion protection begins at the drawing board.”These precautions include: Avoidance of any conditions or positions of steel structures unfavourable from a corrosion point of view.Avoidance of structure and profiles unfavourable from a corrosion point of view.Facilitating cleaning and coating.Suitable precautions to facilitate subsequent re-coating.Appropriate choice and combination of materials.If all structures would be so designed that conditions or positions apt to promote corrosion are avoided, that access is easy, and that any corrosion sources inherent in the structure are eliminated from the outset, and if the designer makes an appropriate choice of materials and their combination, many objects could be protected much more reliably and cheaply.
    Notes: Ein ausschlaggebender Faktor im Korrosionsschutz ist die korrosionsschutzgerechte Gestaltung von Stahlkonstruktionen durch den Konstrukteur.Vielfach werden bei Stahlkonstruktionen und Maschinen für eine nachfolgende Bearbeitung oder Oberflächenbehandlung gewisse Anforderungen an Art, Form, Oberfläche u. a. der Konstruktion gestellt, die sich in der Praxis als sinnvoll herauskristallisiert haben. So z. B. die klebgerechte, montagegerechte, festigkeitsgerechte, schweißgerechte, feuerverzinkungsgerechte, galvanisierungsgerechte, gummierungsgerechte- und kunststoffauskleidungsgerechte Gestaltung und nicht zuletzt die anstrich- und korrosionsschutzgerechte Gestaltung der Konstruktion, die unter dem Schlagwort „Der Korrosionsschutz beginnt am Reißbrett“ bekannt geworden ist.Sie umfaßt: Vermeidung korrosionstechnisch ungünstiger Bedingungen und ungünstiger Lage von Stahlkonstruktionen.Vermeidung von korrosionstechnisch ungünstigen Konstruktionen und Profilen.Erleichterung der Reinigung und des Anstriches.Zweckentsprechende Vorrichtung zur Erleichterung des Neuanstriches.Zweckmäßige Werkstoffauswahl und Kombination.Würden bei allen Konstruktionen korrosionstechnisch ungünstige Bedingungen bzw. ungünstige Lage vermieden, wären alle Konstruktionen gut zugängig und würden konstruktionsbedingte Korrosionsherde von Anfang an nicht existieren und eine zweckmäßige Werkstoffauswahl und Kombination durch den Konstrukteur erfolgt, ließe sich der Schutz vieler Objekte mit wesentlich größerer Sicherheit und geringeren Kosten durchführen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 582-588 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Thermodynamic reference potentials with the self-passivation of titaniumIn the pH range from 0 to 14, titanium in aqueous electrolytes shows, like uranium, zirconium and niobium, either passive or active behaviour. In this range, there is no transpassivity. On passive titanium in acid or alkaline solutions, the double cover layer electrode Ti/TiO3/TiO3 is formed which is stable on active and passive titanium.
    Notes: Im pH-Bereich 0 bis 14 zeigt Titan in wäßrigen Elektrolyten, ähnlich wie Uran, Zirkonium und Niob, entweder passives oder aktives Verhalten. Transpassivität besteht in diesem Bereich nicht. Am passiven Titan bildet sich in sauren und in alkalischen Lösungen die auf aktivem und passivem Titan stabile Doppeldeckschicht-elektrode Ti/TiO3/TiO2.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 597-602 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Anodic corrosion of lead in a sulphuric acid solution under the influence of perchloric acidResearch has been carried out into the influence of temperature and concentration on the corrosion of pure lead in sulphuric acid/perchloric acid solutions.With sulphuric acid concentrations below 2.16 Mol pr. litre, specimens with pre-treated surface show, in the presence of perchloric acid, in the temperature range from approx. - 8° C to approx. + 15° C a kind of pitting corrosion which has a marked maximum around - 4° C.With lead not subjected to a pretreatment which has the effect of removing the oxide film, pit corrosion is also encountered at room temperature in 1.652 m-H2SO4 with HClO4 admixture, but this corrosion, too, is not observed at even higher temperatures.An interpretation is suggested which postulates the selective adsorption of perchloric acid at centres already present on the electrode when the electrolyte is introduced, and the desactivation of the latter through reaction with a different electrolyte constituent.
    Notes: Die Temperatur- und Konzentrations-abhängigkeit der anodischen Korrosion von Reinblei bei elektrolytischer Behandlung in perchlorsäurehaltigen H2SO4-Lösungen wurde untersucht.Bei Schwefelsäurekonzentrationen unter 2,16 Molll tritt an Proben mit vorbehandelter Oberfläche in Gegenwart von Perchlorsäure im Bereich von rd. -8° C bis rd. +15° C eine lochfraßartige Korrosion auf, die bei rd. -4° C ein ausgeprägtes Maximum aufweist.Bei 0° C und einem Molverhältnis [H2SO4] : [HClO4] = 100 : 0,756 weist die Lochfraßbildung bei einer bestimmten Schwefelsäurekonzentration ein Maximum auf.Bei Blei ohne die Oxidhaut entfernende Oberflächenvorbehandlung tritt auch bei Raumtemperatur in 1,652 m-H2SO4 mit HClO4-Zusatz eine Lochfraßbildung ein, die jedoch bei noch höherer Temperatur gleichfalls ausbleibt.Eine Deutungsmöglichkeit, welche die selektive Adsorption von Perchlorsäure an bein Einbringen in den Elektrode vorhandenen Zentren und deren Desaktivierung durch Reaktion mit einem anderen Elektrolyt-bestandteil postuliert, wird zur Diskussion gestellt.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 639-641 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 658-659 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 661-661 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 681-682 
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    Description / Table of Contents: The corrosion of silver in chioride chlotions under hydro-thermal conditionsThe corrosion rate of fine silver in 0.1 and 1 n-HCl, NH4Cl, LiCl and NaCl solutions has been investigated at temperatures between 300 and 450° C and at pressures between 1000 and 3000 bar. Corrosion took place in all cases, and most markedly in 1 n-HCl solution at higher temperatures. The effect of the electrolyte decreased in the sequence named above. The corrosion process is mainly governed by chemical transport reactions.
    Notes: Die Korrosion von Feinsilber in 0,1- und 1-n HCl-, NH4Cl-, LiCl- und NaCl-Lösungen wurde bei Temperaturen zwischen 300 und 450°C und Drücken von 1000 bis 3000 bar untersucht. Die Proben wurden in allen Fällen angegriffen, am stärksten in 1 n HCl-Lösung bei höheren Temperaturen. Die Wirkung der Elektrolyte nahm in der obigen Reihenfolge ab. Der Korrosionsvorgang ist vorwiegend durch chemische Transportreaktionen bestimmt.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 694-707 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Fundamental aspects of the development of corrosion proof alloysAfter considering the basic aspects determining the corrosion resistance of alloys, the possibilities of improving this resistance are discussed. Apart from changing the thermo-dynamic stability and the inhibition of anodic or cathodic processes, the article is mainly concerned with the possibilities of “cathodic alloying” which strengthens the influence of cathodic processes. Small quantities of Pd, Cu or Re have the effect of improving the resistance of steel with high Cr content in sulphuric acid and formic acid (provided that no halogen ions are present). Similarly favourable effects are obtained with Pd admixtures (up to 1 per cent.) to Ti or TiNb alloys.As the inhibition of corrosion is much stronger than might be expected from the alloy component, it must be assumed that the following conditions must be fulfilled for the reaction to be effective the base metal must, in principle, be sutiable for passivation; the passivation currents must be limited; there must be an adequate negative passivation potential (so that a shift into the positive range is possible); there must be no proneness to transpassivity and pit corrosion within the range of the passivation potential. As the enhanced corrosion resistance is only obtained after a certain exposure to the medium concerned, it must be assumed that the cathodically effective component must first be concentrated in the surface.
    Notes: Nach einer Betrachtung der Grundlagen, welche die Korrosionsbeständigkeit von Legierungen bestimmen, werden die Möglichkeiten zu einer Verbesserung der ständigkeit bestrachtet. Neben Verändern der thermodynamischen Stabilität und Hemmung der anodischen bzw. Kathodischen Prozesse werden vor allem die Möglichkeiten des „kathodischen Legierens“ erörtert, welches den Einfluß der kathodischen Prozesse verstärkt. Geringe Mengen von Pd, Cu oder Re verbessern die Beständigkeit von Stählen mit hohem Cr-Gehalt in Schwefelsäure, Ameisensäure (sofern keine Halogenionen vorhanden sind). Ahnlich günstige Wirkungen zeigen Pd-Zusätze (bis 1%) zu Ti oder TiNb-Legierungen.Da die Hemmung des Angriffs hierbei wesentlich ausgeprägter ist als nach dem Anteil der Legierungskomponente zu erwarfen wäre, ist anzunehmen, daß die folgenden Voraussetzungen für die Wirksamkeit erfüllt sein müssen: grundsätzliche Passivierbarkeit des Grundmetalls, Begrenzung der Passivierungspotential (damit eine Verschiebung in den positiven Bereich möglich ist), keine Neigung zu Transpassivität und Lochfraß im Bereich des Passivierungspotentials. Da die erhöbte Korrosionsbeständigkeit erst nach einer gewissen Einwirkungsdauer des jeweilgen Mediums erreicht wird, ist anzunehmen, daß sich die kathodisch wirksame Komponente zunächst in der Oberfläche anreichern muß.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 736-745 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 759-759 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. XXIII 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 860-861 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 1047-1052 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967) 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 562-571 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967) 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 820-831 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967) 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 888-893 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Importance and measurement of the potential with cathodic corrosion protectionThe question of the possible maximum corrosion rate of steel in natural waters and soils is answered through an examination of the correlation between potential and the corrosion rate in steel specimens in aqueous solutions with properties corresponding to natural waters and soils.In neutral solutions scavenged with nitrogen, the observation results are on a straight line with a Tafel-inclination of 70mV. In solutions scavenged with oxygen as well as in a neutral bisulphate buffer, lower corrosion rates were found. If no complex-forming or sulphide-forming agents are present, a cathodic protection potential of -0.85 mVCu/CuSO4 is, for steel, necessary and adequate. The protection current density for bare steel in aerated solutions is around 60 mA · m-2.In measuring the potential, ohmic voltage drops can be eliminated. This can be achieved by means of a cut-out method which is illustrated by an example.
    Notes: Die Frage nach der möglichen maximalen Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit von Stahl in natürlichen Wässern und Böden wird durch Untersuchung der Potential-abhängigkeit der Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit von Stahlproben in wäßrigen Lösungen, die in ihren Eigenschaften natürlichen Wässern und Böden entsprechen, beantwortet.In neutralen stickstoffdurchspülten Lösungen liegen die Meßwerte auf einer Geraden mit einer Tafelneigung von 70 mV. In sauerstoffdurchspülten Lösungen sowie in einem sauren Bisulfatpuffer werden kleinere Korrosionsgeschwindigkeiten gemessen. Wenn keine komplexbildenden und sulfidbildenden Agenzien vorgehen, ist für Stahl ein kathodisches Schutzpotential von -0,85 mVCu/CuSO4 notwendig und hinreichend. Die Schutzstromdichte für blanken Stahl in belüfteten Lösungen liegt bei etwa 60 mA · m-2.Bei der Potentialmessung müssen Ohmsche Spannungsabfälle eliminiert werden. Dies kann durch eine Abschaltmethode erreicht werden, die an einem Beispiel erörtert wird.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 918-929 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 947-949 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 978-983 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zinc phosphate coatings from supersaturated bathsThe author studied the properties of supersaturated phosphating solutions containing zinc phosphate being used for phosphating steel. The study included the influence of the solution variables, and in particular of the ferrous ion concentration, on the supersaturation and the coating properties. The accelerating effect of supersaturation is so strong that heavy, dense, and fine grain coatings are obtained without oxidants and at temperatures as low as + 10° C. Some aspects of the kinetics and the mechanism of coating formation in supersaturated solutions are discussed. Supersaturated phosphating solutions with zinc phosphate may find practical application, particularly where a high degree of protection is desired.
    Notes: Verf. untersuchte die Eigenschaften von übersättigten Phosphatierungslösungen mit Zinkphosphat beim Phosphatieren von Stabl. Dabei wurde der Einfluß der Lösungsparameter, besonders der Konzentration von Fe2+, auf den Übersättigungsgrad und die Eigenschaften des Überzugs untersucht. Der beschleunigte Einfluß der Übersättigung ist so stark, daß auch ohne Oxydationsmittel und bei Temperaturen bis zu 10°C schwere, dichte und feinkörnige Schichten erhalten werden. Einige Aspekte der Schichtbildungskinetik und des Schichtbildungsmechanismus in übersättigten Lösungen werden erörtert. Übersättigte Phosphatierungslöusungen mit Zinkphosphat können in der Praxis verwendet werden, besonders wenn ein hober Schutzgrad gewünscht wird.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 993-1000 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 1018-1019 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 1019-1019 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 1024-1024 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 1032-1037 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Electrochemical testing of the effectiveness of fuel oil inhibitorsThe potential/time and current density/potential curves for unalloyed steel were obtained in NaCl solutions with different concentrations of a certain type of inhibitor. The results show that the inhibitor acts as a passivator. A comparison with the results of conventional static tests shows that even a 99 pC inhibiting effect against uniform corrosion does not constitute an effective protection against pit corrosion. An effective protection is only obtained if the steel specimen can, like a platinum electrode, be polarized up to oxygen formation without any penetration of the Cl--ions.
    Notes: In NaCl-Lösungen, die mit einem bestimmten Inhibitortyp verschieden gut inhibiert sind, werden für unlegierten Stabl Potential-Zeit- und Stromdichte-Potential-Kurven aufgenommen. Aus den Messungen folgt, daß der Inhibitor als Passivator wirkt. Ein Vergleich mit herkömmlichen Standversuchen zeigt, daß eine Inhibitorwirksamkeit von 99% gegenüber der gleichmäßigen Korrosion noch keinen Schutz gegen Lochfraß gewährleistet. Eine gute Inhibierung liegt erst vor, wenn die Stahlprobe, ähnlich einer Platinelektrode, bis zur Sauerstoffentwicklung polarisiert werden kann, ohne daß ein Durchbruch der Cl--Ionen erfolgt.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 90-90 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 96-96 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 97-105 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Titanium castingsReasons are given for the importance, necessity and advantages, to manufacturers and consumers, of the development of titanium castings. The metallurgical and foundry difficulties which have impeded the development of titanium casting techniques for a long time are indicated. After discussing the foundry considerations affecting the design of such titanium castings, particulars are given of the conditions to be aimed at during machining and welding. Numerous examples of practical applications, especially from the sphere of the chemical industry, and statistics showing the increase in the consumption of titanium castings provide evidence for the expert as to where and to what extent the advantages offered by titanium castings are utilized. Finally, price trends are discussed, and means are indicated of effecting considerable savings and obtaining competitive prices by working with suitable moulds and appropriate quantities.
    Notes: Es werden die Bedeutung, Notwendigkeit und Vorteile des Vorhandenseins von Titanguß für den Verarbeiter und Verbraucher begründet. Sodann werden die metallurgischen und gießtechnischen Schwierigkeiten aufgezeigt, die dem Titanformgußstück lange im Wege standen. Nach Hinweisen auf das gießgerechte Konstruieren solcher Titanteile erfolgen Angaben über die zweckmäßigen Bedingungen bei der spangebenden Bearbeitung und dem Schweißen. Eine Fülle von Anwendungsbeispielen, besonders aus dem Bereich der chemischen Industrie, und Angaben über die Zunahme des Titangußverbrauches zeigen dem Fachmann, wo und in welchem Umfang man von den Vorteilen, die das Titangußstück bietet, Gebrauch macht. Schließlich wird auch zur Preisentwicklung Stellung genommen, und es werden Wege gezeigt, wie sich über geeignete Formen und Stückzahlen erhebliche Einsparungen und marktgerechte Preise erzielen lassen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 116-123 
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    Description / Table of Contents: The mechanism of scale formation on metals and binary alloysThe scale formed during high-temperature oxidation of many metals consists of two layers which clearly differ from each other morphologically yet occur in the same phase of the reaction product. The inner layer in direct contact with the metal is porous whilst the outer layer is compact. Experiments have shown that the inner layer is formed as a result of secondary processes connected with the influence of the metal consumption zone on the progress of the oxidation process. As the reaction product cannot fully adapt itself to the continually shrinking metal core, a gap occurs between the metal and the reaction product. At the boundary between this gap and the scale, the reaction product begins to decompose. The oxygen atoms liberated as a result of this decomposition react with the metal core, thus giving rise to the formation of the inner layer of scale in the metal consumption zone. The dissociation of the outer layer thus has an anisotrope character so that, in the originally compact layer of scale, a porous consumption zone is formed. The singlephase reaction product is actually composed of three layers, viz. a compact outer layer, a porous transition layer, and a porous inner layer. The porous consumption zone may even comprise the entire originally compact layer of scale so that the oxygen is able to diffuse towards the metal core through fissures and gaps in the reaction product.
    Notes: Hochtemperaturoxydation führt bei vielen Metallen zur Bildung von Zunder, der aus zwei morphologisch deutlich verschiedenen und innerhalb ein und derselben Phase des Reaktionsproduktes auftretenden Schichten aufgebaut ist. Die innere, die an das Metall grenzt, ist porös, während die äußere kompakt ist. Experimente haben bewiesen, daß die innere Zunderschicht das Ergebnis sekundärer Prozesse ist, welche an dem Einfluß der Metallabbauzone auf den Verlauf des Oxydationsprozesses gebunden sind. Begrenzte Möglichkeiten der plastischen Senkung des Reaktionsproduktes an dem stetig abnehmenden Metallkern führen zu einer Spaltbildung zwischen dem Metall und der Schicht des Reaktionsproduktes. An der Phasengrenze Zunder/Spalt beginnt der Prozeß der Zersetzung dieser Schicht. Die dabei freigewordenen Atome des Oxydans reagieren mit Metallkernen, was zur Bildung der inneren Zunderschicht in der Metallabbauzone führt. Die Dissoziation der äußeren Schicht hat anisotropen Charakter, so daß in der ursprünglich kompakten Zunderschicht eine poröse Abbauzone entsteht. Das einphasige Reaktionsprodukt ist aus drei Schichten aufgebaut: kompakte Außenschicht, poröse Übergangsschicht und poröse Innenschicht. Unter Umständen kann die poröse Abbauzone die ganze ursprüngliche kompakte Zunderschicht umfassen, so daß das Oxydans durch entstehende Risse und Spalten im Reaktions-produkt kernwärts diffundiert.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 159-165 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 127-136 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 145-153 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 475-475 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 476-477 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 15-20 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Thio urea derivatives as vapour-phase corrosion inhibitorsThe authors have investigated the effect of allylthiourea, phenylthiourea, tetramethylthiuram monosulphide, N-phenyl-N'-p-tolylthiourea, tetramethylthiuram disulphide, diphenylthiourea and quinolin as corrosion inhibitors of mild steel in moisture saturated air. It was possible to find a relationship between the shift of the electrode potential towards more positive values and the inhibition effect as well as the degree of adsorption. In the anodic range, the polarisation change is less marked than in the cathodic range. Inhibition at the vapour phase always calls for adsorption; in addition, however, the wetting and hydrophobisation of the surface also play an important part. A comparison with the potentials and polarization values obtained from immersion tests gives rise to the assumption that, in an aqueous medium, the inhibition mechanism is different.
    Notes: Die Verfasser untersuchten die Wirkung von Allylthioharnstoff, Phenylthioharnstoff, Tetramethylthioharnstoff, Tetramethylthiurammonsulfid, N-Phenyl-N'-p-tolylthioharnstoff, Tetramethylthiuramdisulfid, Diphenylthioharnstoff, Chinolin als Inhibitoren der Korrosion von Weichstahl in feuchtigkeitsgesättigter Luft. Dabei konnte eine Beziehung zwischen der Verschiebung des Elektrodenpotentials nach positiveren Werten und der Hemmwirkung sowie dem Adsorptionsgrad gefunden werden. Die Polarisation wird im anodischen Bereich weniger stark verändert als im kathodischen Bereich. Die Inhibierung in der Dampfphase setzt immer eine Adsorption voraus, doch spielen daneben auch die Benetzung und Hydrophobisierung der Oberfläche eine wichtige Rolle. Ein Vergleich mit den in Tauchversuchen ermittelten Potential- und Polarisationswerten läß vermuten, daß im wäßrigen Medium der Inhibierungsmechanismus ein anderer ist.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 34-57 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 851-855 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 860-860 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 793-794 
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    Description / Table of Contents: The pickling behaviour of unalloyed and stainless steels in 1 per cent. fluoric acid at room temperatureIt is shown that C-steel Ti is virtually insoluble in 1 per cent. fluoric acid whilst Cr-, Cr-Ti and Cr-Ni-Mo steel is attacked by this acid to a very much greater extent. The solubility of C- and Cr-steels in 1 per cent. HF or in 20 per cent. H2SO4 with 250 grammes per litre FeSO4, FH2O can be effectively reduced by adding suitable inhibitors.
    Notes: Es wird gezeigt, daß sich C-Stahl Ti in 1%iger Flußsäure praktisch nicht löst, während Cr-, Cr-Ti-und Cr-Ni-Mo-Stahl von dieser ungleich stärker angegriffen werden. Die Löslichkeit von C- und Cr-Stahl in 1%iger HF bzw. 20%iger H2SO4 mit 250 g/l FeSO4, FH2O kann durch Zusatz geeigneter Inhibitoren wirkungsvoll herabgesetzt werden.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 844-845 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 848-850 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 863-864 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 93
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 865-878 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Quantitative radiographic phase analysis of different types of rustThe article describes a radiographic method of analysis which yields exact results even in the presence of an amorphous phase. For this purpose, it is necessary to measure not only the intensities of selected interferences but also the mass absorption coefficient of the specimens. A testing arrangement is described, and possible sources of error are discussed. It is also shown that a different packing density will not give rise to errors if the mass absorption coefficient and the intensity are determined from the same product.Apart from Goethite, Lepidocrocite, and Magnetite, it was possible, for the first time, to prove the presence of siderite and akaganeite in the rust. No traces were found of hematite and maghemite.On the strength of the results of the quantitative radiographic phase analysis, a distinction can be made between five types of rust. The types termed “Sea rust” and “Forest rust” occur in pure air with different moisture contents. The occurrence of the remaining types of rust is partly governed by extraneous ions. “Industrial rust” contains SO4 ions “rust containing siderite” contains HCO3 ions, presumably hermetically sealed against air, and “Akaganeite rust” contains Cl ions.The examination of the “amorphous” phase shows that approx. 25 per cent. of the amount is falsely suggested by lattice imperfections. The remainder is radio-graphically amorphous and has a chemism which largely corresponds to the crystal-line phases.
    Notes: Es wird eine röntgenographische Analysenmethode beschrieben, welche auch bei Anwesenheit einer amorphen Phase genaue Ergebnisse liefert. Zu diesem Zweck muß neben den Intensitäten ausgesuchter Interferenzen der Massenschwächungskoeffizient der Proben gemessen werden. Es wird eine Meßanordnung beschrieben, mögliche Fehlerquellen werden diskutiert. Außerdem wird gezeigt, daß durch eine unterschiedliche Packungsdichte dann keine Fehler entstehen, wenn der Massenschwächungskoeffizient und die Intensität am gleichen Präparat bestimmt werden.Im Rost werden neben Goethit, Lepidokrokit und Magnetit erstmals Siderit und Akaganéit nachgewiesen. Hämatit und Maghemit wurden nicht beobachtet.Mit Hilfe der Ergebnisse der quantitativen röntgenographischen Phasenanalyse können 5 Rosttypen unterschieden werden. Die Typen „Seerost“ und „Waldrost“ entstehen in reiner Luft bei verschiedenen Feuchtigkeitsgehalten. Für die Entstehung der restlichen Rosttypen sind Fremdionen von Bedeutung. Es sind beim „Industrierost“ SO4-lonen, beim „Siderithaltigen Rost“ HCO3-Ionen, vermutlich unter Luftabschluß und beim „Akaganéit-Rost“ Cl-Ionen.Die Untersuchung der „amorphen“ Phase ergibt, daß rd. 25% des Betrages durch Gitterfehler vorgetäuscht werden. Der Rest ist röntgenamorph und besitzt einen Chemismus, welcher weitgehend den kristallinen Phasen entspricht.
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  • 94
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 95
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 969-977 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Physico-chemical causes of ageing of plastified plasticsPlastified plastics are often inclined to lose the plastifier through evaporation, extraction, or surface concentration. Like the oxidative decomposition in the polymer/soflener system, these processes cause the material gradually to become brittle. The present paper brings a simple description of the thermodynamic causes of the loss of plastifier (separation; setting of vapour pressure or distribution equilibria; influence of crystallisation condition) as well as the kinetic laws governing the time curves of these ageing processes. The manifold inter-relations existing between the different physical parameters of the polymer/plastifier mixture (compatibility, vapour pressure, diffusion coefficient, effectiveness) are developed and are illustrated with the aid of previously published experimental data. Important conclusions are drawn, e. g., in regard to the conditions under which the vapour pressure of the plastifier has, altogether, any influence on the loss, and in regard to the relationship between the effectiveness of the plastifier and the other parameters affecting the ageing process. Finally, the paper discusses some fundamental points regarding the oxidative ageing of plastified plastics.
    Notes: Weichgemachte Kunststoffe neigen vielfach zu einem Verlust des Weichmachers durch Verdampfen, Extraktion oder Anreicherung desselben an der Oberfläche. Diese Prozesse führen, ebenso wie der oxydative Abbau im Polymer/Weichmacher-System, zu einer allmählichen Versprödung des Materials. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die thermodynamischen Voraussetzungen für den Weichmacherverlust (Entmischung, Einstellung von Dampfdruck- oder Verteilungsgleichgewichten, Einfluß des Kristallisationszustandes) sowie die kinetischen Gesetzmäßigkeiten für den Zeitverlauf dieser Alterungsprozesse in einfacher Form dargestellt. Die vielfältigen Zusammenhänge, welche zwischen den einzelnen physikalischen Parametern des Polymer/Weichmacher-Gemisches (Verträglichkeit, Dampfdruck, Diffusionskoeffizient, Wirksamkeit) bestehen, werden hergeleitet und an Hand von experimentellen Daten aus der Literatur veranschaulicht. Wichtige Schlüsse werden z. B. hinsichtlich der Fragen gezogen, unter welchen Bedingungen der Weichmacher-Dampfdruck überhaupt eine Rolle für den Weichmacherverlust spielt, und wie die Weichmacherwirksamkeit von den übrigen die Alterung beeinflussenden Parametern abhängt. Es schließen sich einige grundlegende Gesichtspunkte zur oxydativen Alterung weichgemachter Kunststoffe an.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 96
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 1019-1019 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 97
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 1019-1019 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 98
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 1024-1024 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 99
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 1025-1027 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The maintenance-free hot water boiler. Corrosion protection of hot water boilers with duroplasticsThe corrosion damage caused by water is different from that caused by air. As there are always, in a hot water boiles boundary areas exposed to these media, the only materials suitable for boiler protection are those meeting the following requirements:  - The protection effect must be independent of the composition of the water. - The composition of the water must not change in the boiler. - The boilers concerned must not require maintenance.But corrosion damage on hot water tanks is not conditioned by the composition of the water alone. There is also a possibility of contact corrosion if, e.g., copper pipes or copper beating elements are connected to galvanized boilers. A hot water boiler made of copper will therefore also suffer corrosion damage if material entrained from steel water piping becomes active. Even galvanization can only be applied at temperatures up to 60°C. Above this temperature iron becomes anodic and will corrode.Experience with boilers protected with the organic material known as Si 14 EG can be summed up as follows: 1The duroplastic material known as Si 14 EG is proof against all types of drinking water approved by the public health authorities.1Some 15,000 boilers with such protection have now been in operation for five years without requiring maintenance, and without loss of protection effect.1As the hot water boilers thus protected also remain free from incrustations, the heat transfer, and thus the hot water output, remain constant.1The price of a hot water boiler made of carbon steel and protected with Si 14 EG is lower than that of a copper boiler of equal capacity.The report concludes by listing the technical requirements for duroplastic coating: The areas to be protected must be accessible for working and inspection; edges must be chamfered; welds must be coherent and free from shrinking cavities and should be smoothed; pipe connections should welded flush with the boiler surface.The text is accompanied by photographs of duroplastically protected boilers.
    Notes: Wasser und Luft bewirken verschiedene Korrosionsschäden. Nachdem im Heißwasser-Boiler stets Grenzflächen mit diesen Medien belastet sind, kommen für die Boiler-Schutzgebung nur Werkstoffe in Betracht, welche folgende Bedingungen erfüllen:Die Schutzwirkung muß von der Wasserzusammensetzung unabhängig sein, die Wasserzusammensetzung darf sich im Speicher nicht ändern und die Nutzung solcher Boiler muß wartungsfrei sein.Korrosionsschäden an Warmwasserbehältern sind aber nicht nur durch die Wasser-Beschaffenheit bedingt. Auch Kontaktkorrosion kann eintreten, wenn z. B. Kupferrohre oder Cu-Heizelemente an verzinkte Boiler angeschlossen werden. Somit bleibt ein Heißwasser-Boiler aus Kupfer auch dann nicht korrosionsfrei, wenn aus dem stählernen Wasser-Rohrnetz Einschwemmungen wirksam werden. Auch Verzinkungen sind nur bis 60°C anwendbar. Oberhalb dieser Temperaturgrenze wird Eisen anodisch und korrodiert.Die Erfahrungen an solchen Boilern, welche mit dem organischen Werkstoff Si 14 EG geschützt sind, lassen sich wie folgt zusammenfassen: 1Der Duroplast Si 14 EG ist beständig gegen alle behördlich zugelassenen Trinkwässer,2Zur Zeit sind es etwa 15 000 so geschützter Boiler, welche seit 5 Jahren ohne Verminderung der Schutzwirkung wartungsfrei genutzt u.3nachdem auch keine Inkrustationen an solchen Heißwasserbehältern auftreten, bleibt der Wärmedurchgang und somit die Warmwasserleistung konstant.4Die Kosten des Warmwasser-Boilers aus Kohlenstoffstahl, geschützt mit Si 14 EG, sind niedriger als für gleiche Boilerkapazitäten aus Kupfer.Der Bericht schließt mit konstruktiven Voraussetzungen für die duroplastische Beschichtung: Die zu schützenden Flächen müssen der Bearbeitung und Kontrolle zugänglich sein, Kanten zu runden und zusammenhängende, lunkerfreie Schweißnähte zu glätten, Stutzen sind bündig einzuschweißen.Abbildungen duroplastisch geschützter Boiler ergänzen den Text.
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  • 100
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 1064-1065 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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