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  • Chemical Engineering  (221)
  • PROPULSION SYSTEMS  (69)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1960-1964  (290)
  • 1961  (290)
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  • 1990-1994
  • 1960-1964  (290)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Use of the mechanical energy balance for two-phase flow (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 174-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070138
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Boundary-layer behavior on continuous solid surfaces: I. Boundary-layer equations for two-dimensional and axisymmetric flow (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 26-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: This study deals with boundary-layer flow on continuous solid surfaces. Flow of this type represents a new class of boundary-layer problems, with solutions substantially different from those for boundary-layer flow on surfaces of finite length. In this paper the boundary-layer behavior on continuous surfaces is examined, and the basic differential and integral momentum equations of boundary-layer theory are derived for such surfaces. In subsequent papers these equations will be solved for the boundary layer on a moving continuous flat surface and a moving continuous cylindrical surface, for both laminar and turbulent flow in the boundary layer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070108
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Combined free and forced convection in a constant temperature horizontal tube (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 38-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: An experimental study of superposed free and forced convection for air in a horizontal tube is reported. The laminar Nusselt number, based on the log mean temperature difference, ranged from 29.9 to 15.2; the laminar flow Graetz number, based on the bulk or average temperature of the air, ranged from 33 to 1,300, the Grashof-Prandtl modulus based on properties of air at the wall temperature ranged from 1.1 × 106 to 2.2 × 106. The Grashof number utilized the log mean temperature difference. An analysis of the system from a macroscopic viewpoint led to the determination of an equation which fits the laminar flow experimental data in the range of Graetz numbers from 60 to 1,300. An equation was also found for the turbulent data.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070111
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A modification of the momentum transport hypothesis (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 61-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A continuous velocity distribution is derived which is based on an arbitrary modification of Prandtl's mixing length expression. The resulting velocity distribution agrees well with experiments for transition and fully developed turbulent flow throughout the entire cross section of the conduit. Furthermore the mixing length expression applies to parallel flow in smooth circular tubes and between infinite parallel plates with the same set of constants.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070116
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Simultaneous mass and heat transfer in the flow of gases past single spheres (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 78-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The results obtained by the evaporation of water and nitrobenzene in air from celite spheres in conjunction with the prevailing surface temperature have permitted the simultaneous determination of mass and heat transfer factors. The spheres used were 1.42, 1.88, and 2.00 in. in diameter. The experimental results of this study show that an essentially direct correspondence exists for mass and heat transfer in the flow of fluids past single spheres.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070119
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Solid-liquid phase behavior of binary solutions at elevated pressures (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 303-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The formation of a solid phase as the result of isothermally increasing pressure on a binary solution is analyzed from a thermodynamic point of view. Exact thermodynamic equations are presented for the case in which there are no more than one liquid and one solid phase in equilibrium for the entire range of compositions. Approximate relations incorporating the additional assumption of ideality in both solid and liquid phases are also presented. Experimental data for the system ethylene bromide-ethylene chloride are reported and compared with predicted values. Incomplete data for the system benzene-n-heptane are also reported.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070227
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Flow of non-Newtonian fluids in a magnetic field (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 324-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The analytical solution to the equation of motion is given for the steady laminar flow of a uniformly conducting incompressible non-Newtonian fluid between two parallel planes. The fluid is under the influence of a constant pressure gradient and is subjected to a steady magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of motion. Two non-Newtonian models are considered: the Bingham plastic model and the power-law model. Flow rates and the velocity profiles for various values of the Hartmann number and the generalized Hartmann number are presented and compared with those corresponding to Newtonian fluids.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070231
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of vapor-flow gradient on distillation plate efficiency (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 346-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070236
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relationship between pellet size and performance of catalysts (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 337-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The effect of mass transfer resistance in reducing the effectiveness of porous catalysts has been known since the publication of Thiele's classical paper in 1939. The variation in temperature caused by resistance to heat transfer may bring about equally significant changes in effectiveness in some cases. An extension of Thiele's treatment to take exact account of heat transfer resistance leads to a set of nonlinear differential equations that can only be solved numerically.This paper presents an approximate treatment of the simulataneous effects of resistances to mass and heat transfer. With the limitations imposed by linearizing the equations the formulas derived give the activity and selectivity for any combination of reactions. The use of the results is illustrated by three examples. It is shown that the principal effects are associated with the variation of concentration within the pellet of catalyst and with the difference in temperature between the surface of the pellet and the bulk fluid.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070234
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemical engineering progress symposium series abstracts (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 354 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The Chemical Engineering Progress Symposium Series is composed of papers on specific subjects conveniently bound in individual books, which are published at intervals. The books are 8 ½ by 11 inches, paper covered, and cost $4.00 to members, $6.00 to nonmembers for “Heat Transfer - Storrs,” No. 30, and $3.75 to members, $5.75 to nonmembers for “Advances in Computational and Mathematical Techniques in Chemical Engineering,” No. 31. They may be ordered from the Secretary's Office, the American Institute of Chemical Engieers, 25 West 45 Street, New York 36, New York.The A. I. Ch. E. Journal will publish, from time to time, abstracts of the articles appearing in the Symposium Series volumes. Recently published volumes are abstracted below.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070242
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The mechanics of moving vertical fluidized systems: V. Concurrent cogravity flow (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 260-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: An experimental investigation of the concurrent cogravity flow of particulate solids and water in a 1-in. diameter vertical column is reported. Measurements were made of the particle concentration, or holdup, existing in the column as a function of the fluid and particle flow rates for two particle sizes, 0.0184- and 0.00396-in. diameter glass spheres. The experimental results form the basis for a prediction of the generalized characteristics of concurrent cogravity fluidization.The data for each particle size are correlated in terms of the slip velocity and the holdup. The slip velocity is demonstrated to be the same unique function of the holdup for concurrent cogravity flow and for batch fluidization. Therefore the holdup and the conditions of limiting operation for concurrent cogravity flow can be accurately predicted from the batch fluidization curve.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070218
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Membrane selectivity (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 273-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Previous investigators have developed general integrations of the Nernst-Planck flux equations to predict the behavior of ion exchange membranes in forced diffusion cells. These results are also applicable to stagnant liquid films, since this latter case can be considered as a membrane with a vanishingly small concentration of fixed charges (1). However these general integrations yield results of considerable complexity, and even the analysis of a specific system becomes a problem of some scope. This paper is based upon a much less general integration which proceeds by a straightforward manipulation of the Nernst-Planck flux equations for the special case of a single one-to-one electrolyte. The results are used to predict the behavior of a system consisting of a membrane with a stagnant film of liquid on either side. To further facilitate understanding the initial results are further simplified by assuming certain specific systems and then constructing plots showing the membrane efficiency in terms of readily interpreted, commonly encountered variables such as thicknesses, currents, and concentrations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070221
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Volumetric properties of gas mixtures at low temperatures and high pressures by the Burnett method: The hydrogen-methane system (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 267-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A Burnett type of apparatus for the study of the volumetric behavior of gases at low temperatures and high pressures was constructed. The apparatus was used to study the volumetric behavior of methane and four mixtures of hydrogen and methane from +50° to -200°F. and pressures as high as 7,000 lb./sq. in.The experimental data were used to obtain the second virial coefficients for pure methane and for the mixtures. The results of approximately 600 experimental points were used to obtain a table of compressibility factors for methane and the mixtures at even increments of pressure and temperture.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070220
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optimization of process performance (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 288-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The growing availability of fast, large memory digital computers has made it practical to consider the physical implementation of control system designs incorporating appropriate strategies for automatic process optimization. The control system is taken to consist of the process to be optimized together with the interconnected digital computer. The control strategy is realized in the program of the digital computer. In the present paper a number of such programs or algorithms are discussed for carrying out a search of the possible settings of the process input (independent) variables in such a way as to locate an extremal of the possible values of a chosen objective function. The magnitude of these variables is determined from measurements taken of the dependent variables in the process. It is shown that for the particular process used as an example it is desirable to alter the search strategy as the optimization proceeds in order to locate the extremal in a minimum amount of time. The emphasis at the beginning of the search is on speed in moving towards the optimum and at the end on accuracy.Further, a computational technique is described whereby the dynamic response of the process to the various search steps (or settings) is under time-optimal control. This procedure is important for the fast execution of the search programs and consequent rapid location of the extremal of the chosen objective function.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070224
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characteristics of pneumatic atomization (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 312-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070229
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The utilization of fission fragment energy for the fixation of nitrogen (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 329-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The principles involved in designing a process for the production of fixed nitrogen by the direct use of fission fragment recoil energy are reviewed. The problems concerned with the radiation chemistry, development of fuel element, reactor design, and chemical process design are pointed out. Possible solutions to these problems incorporated in a complete plant design are presented. An economic evaluation, comparing the chemonuclear process with other conventional processes, is made. The conclusion is reached that at the present state of knowledge there does not seem to be any clear-cut advantage over conventional processes, even based on a nuclear economy. However moderate research efforts should continue for further evaluation of this process.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070232
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A note on transport to spheres in stokes flow (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 347-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070237
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The catalytic effectiveness factor under nonisothermal conditions (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 350-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070239
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of entrance shape on flow between parallel plates (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 352-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070240
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Computer program abstracts (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 5J 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070243
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Engineering education (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 355-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070302
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Liquid-vapor equilibria in the hydrogen-nitrogen and deuterium-nitrogen systems (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 371-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A recirculation type of apparatus with a novel liquid-sampling system was used to obtain liquid-vapor equilibrium data for the hydrogen-nitrogen and deuterium-nitrogen systems at 90° and 95°K. and pressures up to 1,000 lb./sq. in. abs. The data obtained show an average scatter in liquid compositions of the order of 0.01%, thus proving the feasibility of the new liquid-sampling system. The vapor samples are shown by thermodynamic analysis to scatter less than 0.1%. Deuterium is slightly more soluble in liquid nitrogen than hydrogen; the relative volatility is 1.198 at 90°K. and about 1.177 at 95°K. The relative volatility is practically independent of pressure; thus at 90°K. the relative volatility decreases from 1.198 at 100 lb./sq. in. abs. to 1.196 at 1,000 lb./sq. in. abs., but this range of values is well within the experimental error.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070306
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Errata (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 6S 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070343
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relation of interfacial shear stress to the wave height for concurrent air-water flow (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 548-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Waves at an interface between a concurrent air-water flow cause an increase in the interfacial stress. This increase in stress is correlated with the root-mean-square displacement of the liquid from its average height. The data are compared with Nikuradse's measurements with sand roughness.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070405
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    II. Experiment (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 565-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Measurements have been made of the simultaneous rates of transfer of acetone and benzene between a liquid film and a turbulent three component gas mixture. The measurements were made in a wetted-wall column with both mixtures of acetone, benzene and nitrogen, and acetone, benzene and helium.As predicted by the equations of Part I the mass transfer differs qualitatively as well as quantitatively from mass transfer in the corresponding binary system in which one component is stagnant. In several experiments acetone was transferred from low to high concentrations in accord with the predictions.Both the ternary film and Prandtl-Taylor models satisfactorily predict the rates of transfer of acetone and benzene, and, except possibly for very high Reynolds numbers, the simpler film model is recommended.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070408
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Boundary-layer behavior on continuous solid surfaces: III. The boundary layer on a continuous cylindrical surface (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 467-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The behavior of laminar and turbulent boundary layers on a moving continuous cylindrical surface is investigated by the integral method, based on assumed velocity profiles that satisfy the appropriate boundary conditions. Equations for the characteristic boundary-layer parameters are presented for both the laminar and turbulent boundary layers, and comparison is made with the boundary-layer behavior over a cylindrical surface of finite length. The analysis for the laminar boundary layer with a logarithmic velocity profile leads to satisfactory results. The turbulent boundary-layer behavior on continuous cylindrical surfaces, and cylindrical surfaces of finite length, can best be investigated experimentally.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070325
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mechanics of semifluidization of single size particles in solid-liquid systems (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 606-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Mechanical and dynamical characteristics of semifluidized beds of single-size particles in solid-liquid system were investigated. A semifluidized bed is a type of fluidized bed in which the bed expansion is partially restricted. The emphasis was placed on the study of packed bed formation and pressure drop increase when the semifluidized beds were formed by the compression of fluidized beds. The data showed good agreement with the theoretical and semiempirical equations based on a simple model of fluidized beds.The results of this investigation would also contribute to the understanding of fluidized beds.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070415
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of organic substances on the transfer of oxygen from air bubbles in water (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 631-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The liquid film coefficient is related to bubble diameter and velocity in pure water and to the physical properties of the liquid. The addition to water of organic substances which influence the surface tension and viscosity will decrease the size of the air bubble released from a diffuser and reduce the transfer of oxygen into the solution. The maximum reduction in oxygen transfer occurs in the region of maximum surface tension change. The effect of the addition of several organic substances on the oxygen transfer characteristics are shown.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070420
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dynamics of fractional distillation (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 653-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: One of the numerous equations needed to define the dynamics of a distillation column has been derived. This equation relates the feed composition to the product composition. Thederivation is accomplished by the reduction of the signal flow diagram. The poles and zeros of the equation are almost entirely determined by the ratio of the tray holdup to the liquid flow rates and the number of trays.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070424
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dispersed-phase holdup in a rotating disk extraction column (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 319-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A study has been made of the effect of column geometry and flow condition upon the dispersed-phase holdup in an rotating disk type of extraction column. Variables investigated were stator opening, disk diameter, compartment height, rotor speed, and flow rates of the dispersed and continuous phases. The toluene-water system, with the toluene dispersed, was used throughout the study. The radio-isotope technique was used to measure the dispersed-phase holdup.Results of this study as well as those of earlier investigators have been used to expand upon the design equations proposed by Logsdail, Thornton, and Pratt for estimating flooding rates and dispersed-phase holdup in rotating disk columns. Modifications to increase the accuracy of prediction of these equations have also been suggested, while possible limitations in their application have been indicated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070230
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Compressibility of real binary gas mixtures (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 343-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The P-V-T-x properties of binary gas mixtures and their dependence on reduced temperature and pressure have been reviewed in detail.A modified form of Kay's original method for estimating P-V-T-x properties of mixtures is suggested for purposes of engineering calculations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070235
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mass transfer in stirred vessels (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 348-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070238
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Erratum (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 5J 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070244
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070301
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A finite-difference method of high-order accuracy for the solution of three-dimensional transient heat conduction problems (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 367-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A finite-difference method is presented for solving three-dimensional transient heat conduction problems. The method is a modification of the method of Douglas and Rachford which achieves the higher-order accuracy of a Crank-Nicholson formulation while preserving the advantages of the Douglas-Rachford method: unconditional stability and simplicity of solving the equations at each time level. Although the method has not yet been applied, the analysis in this paper suggests that it will prove to be the most efficient method yet proposed for the numerical integration of three-dimensional transient heat conduction problems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070305
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Computer program abstracts (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 5S 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070342
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070401
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The transport properties of carbon dioxide (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 625-631 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Experimental viscosity, thermal conductivity, and self-diffusivity data available in the literature for carbon dioxide have been critically reviewed and used to develop reduced state correlations of the transport properties for this substance. These correlations should apply to nonpolar compounds having critical compressibility factors approximately equal to that of carbon dioxide, zc = 0.275.In order to establish the dependence of these transport properties in the high pressure and liquid state regions, use has been made of relationships between the residual properties, μ-μ*, k-k*, and (PD)*-(PD) and density. These residual quantities represent the differences between the values of the properties at any pressure and temperature and those at atmospheric pressure and the same temperature. These relationships also allow the determination of the values of the transport properties at the critical point. The resulting critical values along with the residual relationships enabled the construction of reduced state correlations for viscosity, thermal conductivity, and the product of self-diffusivity and pressure for carbon dioxide.These correlations extend from the saturated vapor and liquid states to reduced temperatures of TR = 10 and reduced pressures of PR = 50. Comparisons made between values resulting from these correlations and corresponding experimental values, including the region of high pressure for both the gaseous and liquid states and the vicinity of the critical point, produced an average deviation of 2.0% for viscosity, 1.4% for thermal conductivity, and 5.9% for self-diffusivity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070419
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Errata (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 3D-3D 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070443
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diffusion rates in porous catalysts (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 10-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Rates of diffusion of helium, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide through alumina pellets were measured at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The cylindrical pellets, ¾ in. diameter and ⅜ in. in length, were prepared from α-alumina particles with a mean pore radius of 65 Å. Surface area and pore volume data indicated that the corresponding mean pore radius of the micro and macropores in the whole pellet was 96 Å.The results showed that Knudsen type of diffusion was the controlling transport process despite the large fraction of void volume in the macropores. Carbon dioxide diffused more rapidly than expected, suggesting the possibility of migration of physically adsorbed molecules along the pore walls.The diffusion rates were about 16% higher than predicted, with a mean pore radius (Wheeler model) based upon the void volume of both micro and macropores used. However there is no logical basis for using this mean pore radius for a pellet having widely separated, micro and macropore size distributions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070104
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A note on multicomponent diffusion (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 17-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The problem of defining an average diffusion coefficient of a gas arises in the application of the film resistance model for mass transfer to systems involving multicomponent mixtures of simultaneously diffusing gases and in the application of mass, momentum, and heat transfer analogies in such systems. It is shown that, in some cases, integration of the diffusion equation with an average value of the diffusion coefficient will not be valid. An approximate solution of the diffusion equation is obtained with the concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficient taken into account. Some numerical examples are constructed for comparison of this method and several methods for defining an average diffusion coefficient with an exact solution of the Stefan-Maxwell relations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070106
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Heat transfer characteristics of porous rocks: II. Thermal conductivities of unconsolidated particles with flowing fluids (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Experimental heat transfer studies were carried out in beds of unconsolidated glass beads and sand through which fluids were flowing. The scope of the measurements included four fluids, helium, air, carbon dioxide, and water liquid at atmospheric pressure in beds packed with four sizes of glass beads, 110, 370, 570, and 1,020 μ and with two sizes of sand, 110 and 240 μ. Flow rates ranged form 1 to 26 lb./(hr. sq.ft.) in a direction parallel and countercurrent to energy flow.The data were interpreted in terms of apparent, effective thermal conductivities of the bed. The values of ke increase significantly with mass velocity of fluid.By considering the mechanism of heat transfer in porous media a relationship was developed between ke and the heat transfer coefficient between fluid and particle. Treatment of the experimental data in this fashion, combined with available information for larger particles, results in a correlation of Nusselt and Reynolds numbers for air that covers the range NRem = 10-1 to 104.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070109
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The mechanics of vertical moving liquid-liquid fluidized systems: II. Countercurrent flow (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 46-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: In a previous publication it has been shown that for the case of liquid droplets moving through a second quiescent liquid the holdup vs. slip-velocity ratio could be predicted on the basis of analogous rigid sphere fluidization data. The present paper extends these results to cover the countercurrent flow of both liquid phases. As long as the system is operated below the flooding point, the behavior of the spray column can be predicted from the corresponding solids fluidized data.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070113
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of mixer design on the efficiency of a pump-mix mixer-settler (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 72-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The mixing efficiency of simple and pitched paddles, marine propellers, and centrifugal and disk impellers was determined by a heat transfer method in a single stage of a large pump-mix mixer-settler. The mixing devices were from 3 to 5 in. in diameter and were tested with a refined kerosene as the organic phase and water as the aqueous phase.A heat conductance was calculated from flow parameters and the efficiency and was correlated against impeller design and speed variables. For centrifugal and disk impellers UA was proportional to n1.2L3b0.3; for the paddles UA was proportional to n1.67L2.5b0.42. At normal operating speeds controlled variation of the internal recirculation of mixed phases through a centrifugal impeller did not change the efficiency.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070118
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A method of measuring thermal diffusivities of rocks at elevated temperatures (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 87-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A method is presented for the measurement of thermal diffusivity of synthetic and natural rock materials at elevated temperatures. The method involves heating of cylindrical test specimens at a constant rate of rise of the edge temperature and measuring the temperature differential between a point just inside the sample edge and the center of the sample. It is shown that for a fixed geometry and a constant heating rate thermal diffusivity is inversely proportional to the temperature differential.A record of the variation of diffusivity with temperature may be obtained through the temperature range of 150 to 1000°C. (except where thermal reactions occur) within a period of less than 2 hr.Measurements are reproducible within ± 10% for a given material. Accuracy of the values obtained is believed to be good; however there are no data available for direct comparison with the materials tested. Use of an approximate equation for calculation of diffusivity from experimental data leads to errors of the order of only 0.5%. Fairly good agreement was obtained between steady state measurements and measurements by the present method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070121
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analytical study of heat transfer rates for parallel flow of liquid metals through tube bundles: II (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A theoretical analysis of heat transfer to liquid metals in parallel flow through a tube bundle, following the method of Lyon, results in an equation which agrees within 10% with the calculated values. The conditions are fully developed turbulent flow, constant heat flux at the wall, and an infinite number of tubes arranged on an equilateral triangular pitch. The hexagonal flow area assignable to any tube is approximated by a circle of equal area, and the velocity distribution of Bailey for an annulus is assumed to apply from the inner wall to the circle of maximum flow. The range of conditions is: pitch-to-diameter ratio, 1.375 to 10; Reynolds number, 104 to 106; Prandtl number, 0 to 0.1; and Peclet number, 0 to 105. Laminar and slug flow Nusselt numbers are also determined.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070125
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Conservation and Engineering VII. Conclusions (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 1-1 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070102
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phase equilibria of the propane-hydrogen sulfide system from the cricondontherm to the solid-liquid-vapor region (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 13-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The phase-equilibria data of the propane-hydrogen sulfide system has been previously investigated from 32°F. to the critical locus. Since this represents about one-half of the phase data, the primary purposes of the present study were to complete the data to the solid-liquid-vapor region which starts about  - 125°F. and to verify the results of other investigators at the higher temperatures.Five mixtures of propane-hydrogen sulfide were studied, ranging from 8.6 to 78.3% propane, with the dew- and bubble-point method. A temperature-composition diagram for six isobars from 400 to 20 lb./sq. in. abs. presents most of the essential data. Vaporization equilibrium constants are tabulated together with the x-y data for these isobars. The data of Kay and Rambosek (3) and Steckel (4) were verified to within 2% except near the vicinity of the azeotrope.A new method was used to fix the temperature of the azeotrope for two of the five mixtures and a sixth mixture. The determination of the azeotropic temperatures was made by a graphical method in which the differences between the dew- and the bubble-point pressures for each mixture were plotted against the temperature. The minimum value of the curve corresponds to the temperature of the azeotrope. The application of this method to the data of Kay and Rambosek (3) gave results which were in agreement with this study, while the original results by these authors as determined by an indirect method were in poor agreement.A measure of the reliability of the composition, temperature, and pressure data of the solid-liquid-vapor region was indicated when checks within 5% were found with Dalton's law of partial pressures.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070105
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A quantitative treatment of the forgotten effect in liquid thermal diffusion (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 34-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The influence of the concentration gradient on the density gradient in a thermal-diffusion column is called the forgotten effect. A modification of the theory developed by Furry, Jones, and Onsager is proposed to include the effect of the horizontal concentration gradient. A sample calculation with the system toluene-cyclohexane shows that the equations predict the proper behavior for a forgotten-effect system.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070110
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of acoustic vibration on forced convective heat transfer (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 102-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: In an effort to study the effect of acoustic vibration on forced convective heat transfer, sound at resonant frequencies of 198, 256, and 322 c./sec., as well as sound at nonresonant frequencies, was imposed on air flowing at Reynolds numbers of 560 to 5,900 in the core of a horizontal, double pipe, steam to air, heat exchanger. Increases in Nusselt number of up to 51% in the nominally laminar region and up to 27% in the nominally turbulent region were obtained. The improvement peaked sharply at resonance and increased with both amplitude and resonant frequency. A qualitative dual mechanism is suggested, and correlations for the experimental results are presented.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070124
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phase and area contributions to mass transfer kinetics (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 129-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A relationship has been developed describing quantitatively the factors affecting packed column performance. The relationship, based on the Colburn equation, is proposed within the limits of a consistent flow regime in the liquid phase.Via separation of the effects of packing geometry on diffusion rates and the effect of area variation with flow rate, single phase transfer rates can be obtained from over-all mass transfer data. The appearance of a maximum in the relationship of HoG vs. G in the range of 60% of flooding is explained by the large increase of the term HoG/ai (∂ai/∂Gm) relative to the term 1/ai (∂HGai/∂Gm). The ammonia-air-system behavior is analyzed via this relationship. It is found that the gas phase resistance varies between 72 and 94% of the over-all resistance as a function of flow rate.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070128
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Design of experiments on the kinetics of the water-gas shift reaction (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 143-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Experiments on the continuous catalytic water-gas shift reaction have been carried out making full use of the principles of statistical design to elucidate the reaction mechanism. Instantaneous reaction rates were determined for sixteen different combinations of the five variables: partial pressures of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and temperature. Nitrogen gas was used as an inert diluent to make up the total pressure to 1 atm. From the analysis of variance of these sixteen runs it can be shown that the Temkin mechanism for the water-gas shift reaction cannot represent the data within the experimental accuracy. A tentative alternative mechanism which is consistent with the data obtained is presented. The work shows that while it is possible to obtain useful empirical kinetic data from small, well-planned experiments, both highly precise experimental data and very careful statistical treatment are required. When these are available, a very marked reduction in the amount of experimental work can be effected.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070131
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Further studies of fluid flow and mass transfer in trickle beds (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 163-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Residence-time studies are reported for water trickling down through a 4-in. column packed with spheres. The transient response of the column to pulse- and step-function inputs in tracer concentration applied to the water stream was determined for both porous and nonporous packing. Significant radial variations in the distribution of residence times and the volumetric rate of flow were observed. The contribution to the response curves of diffusion into the porous packing and flow in the interparticle voids can be separated. The diffusion rates may then be characterized in terms of an effective pore diffusivity for the packing.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070135
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The ratio of fluids to solid temperature and/or concentration in fixed-bed processes (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 176-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070140
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070201
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mass transfer with liquid lithium in circular conduits (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 216-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Forced convection mass transfer between circular tubes and liquid lithium was experimentally investigated over a range of Schmidt numbers from 40 to 57 and Reynolds numbers from 5,550 to 22,500. Information concerning the mechanism for mass transfer was obtained by measuring local solution and deposition rates as a function of distance along the tubes. Observed entrance effects for the solution process suggest that it involves the parallel mechanisms of diffusion through a solid film and through occluded liquid in grain boundaries. It is indicated that the relative contributions of these processes changes with increasing temperature.A j-factor correlation of existing liquid metal mass transfer data for fully developed conditions in circular conduits is presented and indicates that an exponent of 0.112 for NRe best represents the data. This result agrees well with other studies (9).
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070210
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of vibration on natural convective mass transfer (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 240-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Small horizontal cylinders subliming to room air were vibrated in a vertical direction at 20 to 118 cycles/sec. Increases of up to 660% in the coefficient of mass transfer were thus obtained. The coefficient increased with both frequency and amplitude, the latter having the more pronounced effect. Results are correlated in terms of the stretched vibrational Reynolds number introduced in an earlier study and compared with the analogous case of natural convective heat transfer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070214
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Two-phase concurrent flow in packed beds (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 231-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Pressure drop and liquid saturation accompanying two-phase concurrent flow have been studied in a variety of packings and with gas-liquid systems having a wide range of fluid properties. Two basic flow patterns were observed with nonfoaming systems. Correlations of pressuredrop and liquid-saturation data were obtained in terms of the single-phase friction losses for the liquid and the gas when each flows alone in the bed. Deviations from the correlation with foaming systems are discussed and illustrated with sample data.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070213
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isothermal growth of hydrogen bubbles during electrolysis (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 357-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The investigation was concerned with measuring growth rates of bubbles in an isothermal medium where growth is controlled by mass diffusion. The conditions were met by generating hydrogen bubbles at a platinum cathode during the electrolysis of water. Growth data were obtained by motion picture photography at 800 to 2,400 frames/sec. taken through a microscope to produce an enlargement of 30X on the film.Growth took place in 0.1 normal and 1.0 normal sulfuric acid in water at 77°F. Current densities between 0.1 and 0.2 amp./sq. cm. were used. The observed diameters were all less than 0.006 in., and the growth times were less than 2 sec. Beside growth phenomena interesting features recorded included the coalescence of bubbles, the jumping of bubbles off the solid and then back again, and the slip of the bubble contact at the solid surface.Some bubbles grew with their radii proportional to the square root of time as predicted theoretically by Scriven. For these bubbles the calculated supersaturation of hydrogen in the solution was found to be from eight to twenty-four times the concentration at saturation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070303
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diffusion and equilibrium studies for the system acrylonitrile-styrene-polyethylene (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 295-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The solubilities of acrylonitrile and styrene in low-density polyethylene were measured at 0° and 27°C. over the entire range of compositions.The ternary solubility data were analyzed in terms of the relationships developed by Krigbaum and Carpenter. It is shown that the behavior of the ternary system may be predicted from the Flory-Huggins interaction constants of the three pairs of binaries.The rates of desorption of acrylonitrile and styrene from 48 mil thick sheets of polyethylene were measured at 27°C.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070225
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Some observations on the mechanics of drops in liquid-liquid systems (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 394-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Data on the rate of rise and distortion of drops in several liquid-liquid systems have been collected. These are compared with correlations developed by other investigators, and in some cases discrepancies between observed and predicted values are noted which do not seem to be related to any easily measured physical property. However evidence is given showing that they are most likely due to the presence of surface-active materials. Photographs and shadowgraphs showing the nature of the flow around and behind moving drops are also included. The point of boundary-layer separation on the drop surface as indicated by these photographs has been related to the internal drop circulation. It is the shift in this point of separation which is the primary cause for the reduction in drag of liquid drops as compared with solid spheres. A previous theory for the breakup of rain drops explains the existing data for drop breakup in liquid-liquid systems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070310
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermodynamic properties of sulfur dioxide (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 418-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070315
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    III. Laminar-flow properties of flocculated suspensions (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 431-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The turbulent heat, mass, and momentum transport characteristics of suspensions of particles with near-colloidal dimensions have previously been shown to be related to the non-Newtonian laminar-flow properties of the suspension. However the laminar-flow properties were not studied systematically. The present study showed that the principal factors affecting the magnitude of the laminar-flow properties of flocculated suspensions were the concentration and particle diameter of the solid phase. The range of variables included concentrations from 0.02 to 0.23 volume fraction solids and particle sizes from 0.35 to 13 μ. Materials tested included thorium oxide, kaolin, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, graphite, magnesium, and uranium dioxide.At high rates of shear the data were fitted satisfactorily with the Bingham plastic model. With the use of this model, the yield stress was directly proportional to the cube of the volume fraction solids and inversely proportional to the first or second power of the particle diameter, depending on the particle shape. The logarithm of the ratio of the coefficient of rigidity of the suspension to the viscosity of the suspending medium was directly proportional to the volume fraction solids over the complete range of concentrations studied. Although specific electrolytes (such as oxalate or pyrophosphate) deflocculated the suspensions even at low concentrations, the suspensions remained flocculated both in the presence of up to 0.1 M of 1:1 electrolyte and over a pH range of 4 to 12. This is consistent with present theories of the stability of colloidal and near-colloidal particles.Although the concentration-dependence relationships of the yield stress and coefficient of rigidity have been proposed previously and have been shown to apply to specific systems, this is the first time they have been shown to apply to a broad class of materials. In addition it is the first time that the laminar-flow properties used in the particle-size and concentration correlations have been determined over a shear-rate range which permits application of the results in correlations of turbulent heat, mass, and momentum transfer data obtained in systems of commercial interest.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070317
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Liquid flow and gas phase mass transfer in wetted-wall towers (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 463-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: New data have been obtained on vaporization of water from rippling and nonrippling films in a countercurrent wetted-wall tower. Other similar data in the literature have been analyzed, and an effect of liquid Reynolds number on gas phase mass transfer has been shown to exist. Discrepancies in much of the literature data can be explained on this basis.The data on vaporization of water from rippling films have been correlated. The data on non-rippling films were correlated when the gas Reynolds number was calculated relative to the water surface.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070324
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transient studies of product distribution from a packed bed reactor (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 509-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The distribution of reactants and products from a simulated fixed-bed catalytic reactor has been studied. The concentration of both reactant and product in the effluent stream as a function of time has been measured following a sudden change in inlet concentration. The effect of various types and sources of holdup in the bed is discussed. This study is preliminary to further experimental investigations of the mechanism and the rate of exchange of product between a catalyst surface in a fixed-bed reactor and the free stream.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070333
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Finite-difference transforms for application to stage by stage processes (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 526-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070337
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemical engineering progress symposium series abstracts (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 3S 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The Chemical Engineering Progress Symposium Series is composed of papers on specific subjects conveniently bound in individual books, which are published at intervals. The books are 8½ by 11 inches, paper covered, and cost $4.00 to members, $6.00 to nonmembers for “Heat Transfer - Buffalo,” No. 32. They may be ordered from the Secretary's Office, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 345 East 47 Street, New York 17, New York.The A.I.Ch.E. Journal will publish, from time to time, abstracts of the articles appearing in the Symposium Series volumes. Recently published volumes are abstracted below.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070341
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An opportunity for public service (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 533-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070402
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Heat transfer from acoustically resonating gas flames in a cylindrical burner (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 588-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Heat transfer from premixed propane-air flames to the cooled wall of a 5-in. I.D. ramjet type of burner was studied with and without flame-generated, sonic oscillations. Frequency and amplitude measurements revealed that both transverse and longitudinal waves were resonant. The heat flux to the wall was increased significantly by the oscillations, but the gas temperature profile was changed very little. The local heat transfer coefficient was found to be a linear function of the sound pressure amplitude and independent of the mode and frequency of the resonant oscillations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070412
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The viscosity of nonpolar gases at normal pressures (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 611-615 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Experimental viscosity data available in the literature for fifty-two nonpolar gases have been utilized in conjunction with a dimensional analysis approach to relate the viscosity at atmospheric pressure to temperature. The substances investigated are both simple and complex and include the inert and diatomic gases, carbon dioxide, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, and the hydrocarbons up to n-nonane, including normal and isoparaffins, olefins, acetylenes, naphthenes, and aromatics. The dependence of the product μ*ξ on reduced temperature was found to be the same for all of these substances, except helium and hydrogen.Both theoretical considerations and dimensional analysis indicate that the viscosity product of a gas might depend on the compressibility factor at the critical point. However the results of this study show that for these nonpolar substances this viscosity product at normal pressure is independent of zc and depends only on temperature.The only information required for the calculation of viscosity with the relationships developed in this study is the molecular weight, critical temperature, and critical pressure of the substance. Values calculated with these relationships have been compared with 785 experimental points from all reliable sources of experimental data and produced an average deviation of 1.77%. Comparisons have also been made with the values calculated with the Licht-Stechert and Bromley-Wilke equations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070416
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The drag coefficients of single spheres moving in steady and accelerated motion in a turbulent fluid (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 615-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Drag coefficients of aerodynamically smooth spheres having a density variation of from 0.252 to 1.91 g./cc. and a diameter variation from 1.56 to 3.21 mm. were obtained for acceleration rates varying from 103.5 ft./sec.2 to -30 ft./sec.2 and for relative intensities of up to 45%. The particle-to-Eulerian macroscale ratios varied from 0.50 to 0.16, and the diameter-to-Eulerian microscale ratios varied from 10 to 2.The drag coefficients were found to be a function of the particle Reynolds number and of the relative intensity but not of the acceleration and relative macro-and-microscale variations.A transition theory for the system investigated is presented, which predicts that the product of the critical Reynolds number and the square of the relative intensity should be a constant; it is supported by the experimental results obtained.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070417
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Heat and mass transfer transients in cylinder drying: Part II. Felted cylinders (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 635-641 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: An investigation of transient heat transfer and water removal from a sheet on a steam cylinder was made. The sheet was pressed onto the cylinder by the aid of a felt. A theory describing the heat transfer in terms of the Fourier heat equation and appropriate boundary conditions was developed. The differential equation describing fluid flow in a capillary under the capillary potential was also developed. This equation was solved for small values of time.The experimental work included the measurement of the transient temperatures at internal points in the sheet, the average felt temperature before and after a run, the mass of moisture lost by the sheet, and the mass of water gained by the felt.It was found that on felted cylinders the majority of the moisture was removed by liquid transport. It was also found that heat was transferred through the sheet by vaporization-condensation cycles as well as conduction.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070421
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of rate of sampling on the transient behavior of thermogravitational thermal diffusion columns without reservoirs (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 650-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: In experimental investigations of the transient behavior of batch thermogravitational thermal diffusion columns it is expedient to obtain more than one sample from the column during a single run. Such sampling modifies the true batch nature of the column and thereby influences the experimental measurements to some degree. A combined theoretical and experimental investigation was carried out to determine the extent of the influence of sampling rate and thereby provide a means of predetermining a suitable sampling rate.The theoretical analysis was made by approximating the intermittent sampling as a continuous flow through the column. The transport equation of Furry, Jones, and Onsager was applied in the analysis, and an analytical solution was obtained for small separations of equicomposition binary solutions. The series solution is presented in the form of a graph. Experimental data were obtained in two thermogravitational columns with different plate spacings to test the theory. The effect of sampling rate was investigated, and theory and experiments were found to be in good agreement. It is concluded that the theory is entirely adequate to permit the prediction of sampling rates which will yield the maximum number of samples without disturbing the true batch behavior of the column.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070423
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Holdup and pressure drop with gas-liquid flow in a vertical pipe (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 677-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Vertical upward concurrent air-liquid flow was investigated under isothermal conditions in a test section of 1-in. schedule 40 pipe. Pressure drop was measured with a mercury manometer connected to two pressure taps 20 ft. apart in the section. Liquid was trapped between two quick shutoff valves activated by two solenoid valves. The liquid was druined from the section to provide the holdup data. Six liquids were used to determine the effect of density, viscosity, and surface tension.The experimental holdup, and two-phase pressure drop data were not in agreement with Lockhart-Martinelli type of correlation for horizontal flow. A statistical correlation for holdup was developed to include fluid physical properties, total mass velocity, and the air-liquid ratio entering the pipe. Similarly a pressure drop correlation was developed which expressed the two-phase pressure drop as a function of the slip velocity, liquid physical properties, and total mass velocity. This correlation showed an average percentage error of less than 15% between the observed and the calculated total pressure drop.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070429
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070101
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Drag coefficients at low Reynolds numbers for flow past immersed bodies (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 20-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Drag coefficients were determined at low Reynolds numbers for cylinders (0.1 ≤ Re ≤ 1.0) and flat plates (0.05 ≤ Re ≤ 2.0) moving through a viscous medium. The drag coefficient was calculated from the force required to move the immersed body through the fluid, and preliminary work on spheres was used to calibrate the apparatus. For all bodies studied the drag coefficient was inversely proportional to the Reynolds number. The data were analyzed by a least-squares method to obtain the relationship between drag coefficient and Reynolds number.The diameter of the tank containing the viscous fluid had a very definite effect upon the drag coefficient of the various cylinders and flat plates studied. In the range of DT/D (tank diameter/cylinder diameter) studied the relationships recommended by White involving the wall effect and the end correction agree with experimental data for values of L/D (cylinder length/cylinder diameter) greater than 16. At L/D ratios less than this drag coefficients are lower than those predicted by White's equations, and the experimental curves are recommended for these ratios.For flat plates in perpendicular flow no effect of the W/L (plate width/plate length) was detected in the range studied. The tank diameter however had a considerable effect, and a curve is proposed to predict drag coefficients for flat plates in perpendicular flow in the range of experimental conditions studied.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070107
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Turbulent newtonian flow in annuli (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 41-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: In recent years there have been quite a few experimental studies on turbulent flow in annuli. In this paper a Prandtl mixing-length approach is applied to give a friction factor vs. Reynolds number expression for annuli [see Equation (22) and Table 1]; this expression describes tube flow and slit flow as special cases. No new adjustable constants appear in the final result other than those determined earlier for tube flow. The final expression is found to predict friction factors within the accuracy of the existing experimental data. The mixing-length friction-factor expression is thus substantially more accurate than the usual hydraulic-radius procedure and of comparable accuracy to other recent annulus friction-factor treatments.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070112
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Turbulent diffusion in the core of fully developed pipe flow (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 53-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: This paper summarizes an experimental study of turbulent diffusion downstream of a line source of heat. Mean temperature profiles in the core of nearly fully developed pipe flow were measured at four mean velocities, from Uc = 72.6 to 160 ft./sec. Hot-wire anemometer surveys showed that the turbulence in the axial core was nearly homogeneous and isotropic. The objective was to find empirical relations between the anemometer (Eulerian) specification of the turbulence and the Lagrangian statistical properties which determine diffusion.The diffusion results agreed with predictions of G. I. Taylor's theory of diffusion by continuous movements; the eddy diffusivity increased from zero at the heat source to a constant, asymptotic value far downstream. The Lagrangian correlation coefficients inferred from the diffusion data had shapes similar to the Eulerian correlations over most of the range of time and space. Empirical relations were found to relate the coordinates of the Lagrangian and Eulerian correlation coefficients over the range of this experiment. In addition preliminary measurements are reported for a general Eulerian correlation which is a function of both space and time; the results indicate that a special case of this new Eulerian function may be a fair approximation of the Lagrangian correlation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070115
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Size distribution of droplets from centrifugal spray nozzles (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 80-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Methods for expressing, measuring, and correlating drop-size distribution data for centrifugal spray nozzles are discussed.A method for collecting spray droplets in liquid nitrogen is described which is rapid and efficient for most sprayed liquids which freeze above  - 20°C. Comprehensive correlations for drop-size distributions are reported based on 114 runs performed with the liquid nitogen method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070120
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of mass transfer on solid-catalyzed reactions: The dehydrogenation of cyclohexane to benzene (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 211-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The reaction of gaseous components at a solid catalytic surface has long been a subject of prime engineering interest. Generally speaking one expects the reaction velocity constant to follow the Arrhenius exponential temperature dependence. However as the reaction temperature increases, the intrinsic reactivity of the surface will increase and mass transfer begins to limit the rate of the reaction. In the case of a porous solid catalyst, where most of the active surface is on the catalyst pellet interior, the rate-limiting process will frequently be internal diffusion, and in such a case the milder effect that temperature has on the diffusion process is the one observed in the gross kinetics, rather than the exponential Arrhenius dependence.The study reported here has examined the kinetics of the dehydrogenation of cyclohexane to benzene over a platinum-on-alumina pelleted catalyst. This is a notorious problem system, and in seeking to describe the observed rate data the authors provided a stern test for an analytical model treating the coordinate diffusion and reaction mechanisms. In particular the parameter of particle size was studied over a temperature range of from 640° to 910°F. For these runs reactor pressure was held constant at essentially 200 lb./sq. in. gauge (14.7 atm.), und the feed was maintained at 20 mole % cyclohexane, 80 mole % hydrogen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070209
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Engineering thermodynamics, Newman A. Hall and Warren E. Ibele, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersy (1960). 643 pages. $15.00 (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 5D-6D 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070436
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemical reaction processes in two-phase systems: Theory and experimental results for slow chemical reactions in batch, column, and continuous stirred tank reactor operations (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 138-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A theory of design of chemical reactors is developed for two-phase fluid systems where the rates of chemical reaction are low relative to the rates of mass transfer. Equations are presented for batch, column, and continuous stirred tank operations. Experimental data on the continuous hydrolysis of acetic anhydride in a benzene-water system operating countercurrently in a pulsed-flow sieve plate column and in a packed column are analyzed in terms of the theory.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070130
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vapor-liquid equilibrium in ammonia complex systems (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 133-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The vapor-liquid equilibrium in ammonia complex systems has been studied with a view toward design methods for separational and leaching processes. It is felt that the previously reported equilibrium constants for these systems are subject to considerable question with regard to the method used to measure the activity of the free ligand, or coordinating species. It is shown how this difficulty can be surmounted by the use of ammonia vapor pressure measurements and fugacities. A method of correlating complex equilibrium data from measurements of over-all metal concentration and free metal ion concentration is proposed. Vapor liquid equilibrium measurements have been made on the systems copper hydroxide, ammonia, water, nitrogen and nickel hydroxide, ammonia, water, nitrogen at 40° and 60°C. under 1 atm. total pressure with a continuously recirculating batch contactor. The correlation method is illustrated with the data of these measurements.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070129
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pressure-enthalpy diagram of tertiary butyl alcohol (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 172-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070136
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fluid - particle mass transfer in a packed bed (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 48-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Mass transfer coefficients have been measured for air flowing through a bed of naphthalene pellets. Results were obtained for ⅜-in. spheres and for ½, ⅜, and ¼-in. cylinders in a bed 4 in. in diameter and packed to heights varying from 5 to 10 in. Radial concentration profiles were obtained for some conditions, from which the radial variation of the mass transfer coefficient was determined. The point-values of kg follow an equation of the form kg = a Gb. From mixed outlet concentrations, values of kgav and jd, corrected for the effect of axial diffusion, have been obtained for all the pellet sizes as functions of mass velocity and Reynolds number, respectively.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070114
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phase relations of miscible displacement in oil recovery (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 64-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Miscible displacement as an oil recovery process has received wide interest in the literature recently. Essentially three basic processes have been proposed for attaining miscible displacement in our oil reservoirs: high pressure gas, enriched gas, and miscible slug processes.The present paper relates and compares the phase relations and mass transfer mechanisms of these various basic miscible displacement processes. It also discusses the effects of the various operating variables, such as pressure, temperature, injected gas composition, etc., on the applicability of the process and considers the pertinent conditions that restrict the application of each process. It is to be recognized that at times a miscible displacement may be attempted but not attained, or unforeseen conditions may destroy miscibility once it has been attained. The authors discuss the results of such conditions. The mechanisms of the miscible displacement processes are explained in a conceptual analysis based on the triangular phase diagram. Although the multicomponent reservoir fluid system cannot be represented rigorously from a thermodynamics standpoint by these diagrams, they are useful for cenceptual analysis. Their limitations are presented by the authors along with data supporting the concepts developed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 21 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070117
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Free entrainment behavior in sieve trays (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 282-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Analysis was made of the behavior of entrained particles in the zone between trays in a sieve tray column for the air-water system. The effects of drop-size distribution, projection velocity, drag, and gravity were evaluated with respect to the quantity of entrained liquid between trays. The drop-size distribution was found to be logarithmic in nature.The entrainment as a function of distance above the froth is estimated in Equation (12) where dH may be calculated from projection velocities and column superficial velocity for particle sizes greater than 400 μ.Confirmation of the proposed entrainment equation via experimental data was achieved within an average deviation of 28%.It was anticipated from the relationships developed that a leveling off of entrainment at zones in proximity to the froth and at escape velocity heights would be observed. Confirmation was evident at zones in proximity of the froth and upper zone tendencies were observed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070223
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gas dynamic processes involving suspended solids (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 384-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Basic gas dynamic equations involving suspended solid particles were formulated. Considerations include momentum and heat transfer between the gaseous and solid phases. Significance of these contributions was illustrated with the case of expansion through a de Laval nozzle. Duct flow and normal shock problems were also discussed. The extent of earlier methods of approximation was pointed out.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070308
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Adsorption kinetics of a nonflow system with nonlinear equilibrium relationship (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 410-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The kinetics of adsorption in a nonflow system with nonlinear equilibrium relationship and negligible liquid-phase resistance has been studied, and the numerical solutions corresponding to different initial conditions are presented. The concentration ratio is found to be a function of two dimensionless groups. Consideration is also given to the problem of convergence in connection with the numerical calculation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070313
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Saturated liquid densities for binary hydrocarbon systems (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 413-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The extension of the rules proposed by Cailletet and Mathias for the sum of the saturated vapor and liquid densities and by Guggenheim for the difference of these densities enabled the development of a method for the prediction of liquid densities for binary hydrocarbon systems at saturated conditions. The theorem by corresponding states indicated that unique relationships should exist between the reduced temperature and the sum and difference of the reduced saturated liquid density and the reduced saturated vapor density.Density data reported by Kay for the systems n-butane - n-heptane, ethane - n-butane, ethane - n-heptane, and ethane - cyclohexane were used to determine the exponents and the coefficients of the resulting equations. The exponents were found to be functions of two temperature parameters, which take into account both the components and composition of the mixture, while their coefficients have been found to depend only on their exponents.It has been previously shown that critical temperatures of binary hydrocarbon systems can be predicted with the two temperature parameters. In this study it has been found that these two parameters can also be applied to determine the critical densities for these binary hydrocarbon systems. Using these critical properties one can directly obtain the saturated liquid densities of binary systems from the two reduced-density relationship.The method developed in this work reproduces the saturated liquid densities of the four systems within 4.8%. In addition saturated densities have been calculated for the ethylene - n-heptane system and checked the experimental values within 3.2%.Because saturated vapor densities are small compared with the saturated liquid densities for conditions removed from the critical point, the sum and difference of the liquid and vapor densities are approximately the same. Thus this method cannot be used with any reliability to determine the densities of saturated vapors.At present this method can be applied only to hydrocarbon mixtures whose atmospheric dew point does not exceed twice its atmospheric boiling point.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070314
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mass transfer in the flow of gases through fluidized beds (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 442-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Mass transfer studies were conducted for the flow of air through fluidized beds. These studies were concerned with the sublimation of p-dichlorobenzene spherical particles, approximately 0.04 to 0.08 in. in diameter, and with the evaporation of nitrobenzene and water from alumina spheres. 0.1168 in. in diameter.Void volumes for these fluidized beds were calculated from pressure-drop measurements. The results of this investigation were used to establish mass transfer factors which were in agreement with values obtained for fixed beds for corresponding modified Reynolds numbers, DpG/μ(1-ε).
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070319
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transport phenomena, R. B. Bird, W. E. Stewart, and E. N. Lightfoot, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York (1960). 780 pages. $11.50 (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 5J 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070245
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A study of entrainment, perforated plate column - air-water system (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 363-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A correlation has been developed interrelating entrainment as a function of plate spacing, weir height, hole size, liquid rate, and gas rate with a section of a 30-in. diameter column and the air-water system. The correlation is empirical, but approximately 90% of the over 900 points of data fall within ± 25% of the correlation. Hole diameters of 1/16 to 1/4 in., weir heights from 0 to 2 in., plate spacing from 12 to 24 in., gas rates from 770 to 1,700 lb./hr./sq. ft., and liquid rates from 2,800 to 12,000 lb./hr./ft. of weir length were studied as variable. Entrainment was found to increase with gas rate, decrease with weir height, increase with hole size, decrease with plate spacing, and could increase or decrease because of interaction effects as the liquid rate increases.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070304
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A study of iterative optimization (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 376-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A process is considered in which the inputs to the system are stationary random ergodic functions. From the spectral densitities of the inputs and cross-spectral densities of inputs and outputs a local linearized model of the process is obtained through the transfer function. There results then a maximum problem involving an objective function and constraints imposed by the model and the physical and arbitrary restraining conditions. Two special cases are solved in detail in which the maximum problem reduces to a linear programing problem. Other methods are needed for the general problem.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070307
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Application of the Kihara potential to high pressure phase equilibria (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 399-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: This paper is concerned with the virial equation of state as applied to vapor mixtures at moderate densities. The required virial coefficients for small molecules can usually be estimated from generalized corresponding states correlations, but these correlations are not sufficient for mixtures which contain one very heavy and one very light component. It is shown that for such mixtures the necessary virial coefficients can be calculated by statistical thermodynamics with a potential function proposed by Kihara. This type of calculation is especially useful at low temperatures where virial coefficients have not been measured because of large experimental difficulties. Application of the Kihara potential is demonstrated with the computation of K values for heavy components for several mixtures at advanced pressures; good agreement with experimental results is obtained.The virial equation may in some cases be used to test data for thermodynamic consistency, and for illustration it is shown that recently reported K data for propane in compressed hydrogen are thermodynamically inconsistent and too large by about two orders of magnitude.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070311
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transport characteristics of suspensions: II. Minimum transport velocity for flocculated suspensions in horizontal pipes (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 423-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The minimum transport velocity (defined as the mean stream velocity required to prevent the accumulation of a layer of stationary or sliding particles on the bottom of a horizontal conduit) has been determined for flocculated thorium oxide and kaolin suspensions flowing in glass pipes. The pipes ranged from 1 to 4 in. in diameter, and the concentration was varied from 0.01 to 0.17 volume fraction solids.Two flow regimes were observed depending on the concentration of the suspension. In the first the suspension was sufficiently concentrated to be in the compaction zone and hence had an extremely low settling rate. The second regime was observed with more dilute suspensions which were in the hindered-settling zone and settled ten to one-hundred times faster than slurries which were in compaction. The concentration for transition from one regime to the other was dependent on both the tube diameter and the degree of flocculation. The suspension particles were smaller than the thickness of the laminar sublayer, and they settled according to Stokes' law for the particular conditions of this study. Under these circumstances the relation developed for dilute suspensions is consistent with particle transfer in the radial direction owing to Bernoulli forces on the particle and the action of turbulent fluctuations which penetrate the laminar sublayer. For concentrated suspension in compaction the minimum transport velocity was given by a characteristic critical Reynolds number.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070316
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the steady flow of a non-Newtonian fluid in cylinder ducts (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 445-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The flow of a power law fluid in cylindrical ducts is considered, with a variational principle evolved from minimum entropy considerations used. This principle is applied to flow in rectangular ducts and between two flat plates with the method of Ritz and Galerkin to determine the velocity profiles used. These velocity profiles are used to determine the relationship between the friction factor and the Reynolds number.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070320
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of reduction of ferrous oxide with hydrogen in a fluidized bed at steady state (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 584-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The kinetics of the reduction of ferrous oxide with hydrogen in a steady state fluidized bed have been correlated with a rate equation based on a reaction controlled at the oxide-metal interface and on a differential material balance which assumes that a close approach to piston flow prevails. The correlation gives an enthalpy of activation of 29,500 b.t.u./lb. mole for the reaction, which is in good agreement with McKewan's reported value of 27,500 b.t.u./lb. mole. The relationships developed are used to predict the effect of the important independent variables on the over-all kinetics of the system.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070411
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Taylor instability of an evaporating plane interface (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 485-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A new mode of high-flux heat transfer is proposed, which consists of film boiling from a porous solid plate, the vapor being sucked off through the plate. For horizontal plates the average vapor film thickness is determined by Taylor instability of the vapor-liquid interface. A theory is presented for predicting the minimum vapor film thickness which takes into account the stabilizing influence of the reactive pressure of the vapor leaving the interface. The predicted heat transfer coefficients are five to ten times greater than observed heat transfer coefficients in film boiling from nonporous surfaces.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070329
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Three-dimensional filtration on a circular leaf (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 666-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The unconfined growth of a filter cake on a circular filter cloth was theoretically and experimentally studied as the simplest example of a three-dimensional filtration. The results are compared with the one-dimensional cake growth which ensues when the cake is laterally restrained by a cylindrical sleeve.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690070427
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