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  • General Chemistry  (1,165)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (496)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (1,850)
  • 1905-1909
  • 1971  (1,850)
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  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (1,850)
  • 1905-1909
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A brief description is given of the new astrometric camera and of the program on which it is being employed. This is the photography of the southern sky so that each star appears on at least four overlapping plates. Sets of star coordinates measured on each plate are combined with a limited set of provisional meridian places to give an accurate set of relative star positions which are independent of the meridian system together with a set of residuals for each plate-star. The technique is based on a simple geometrical model of image formation on photographic plates. Current investigations are concerned with the elimination of sources of systematic deviation from this model.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 199-208
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The f1 Hewitt camera is a field flattened Schmidt system of 60cm aperture. The salient features of this equipment are briefly described. Details of the methods of plate measurement are then given. The plate reduction is carried out in two stages. The plate is first calibrated using the photogrammetric method. The formulae usually quoted have been extended to take account of the large distortion introduced by the field flattening lens. In the second stage, the satellite measurements are reduced to satellite positions corrected for refraction, aberration, and when necessary, phase.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Photo. Astrometric Technique; p 141-154
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Antennas are described with gravitational radiation properties such as polarization, directivity, and scalar and tensor characteristics. These antenna devices are mechanically resonant systems in the shape of a hollow square with fundamental frequencies in the Hz range. An antenna characteristic is that the absorption cross section for quadrupole radiation at the normal frequency of vibration is the same as that of the fundamental if the damping factors are the same. The absorption cross section of quadrupole gravitational radiation is calculated for a class-1 detector of a cylindrical cross section and for a class-2 detector shaped like a hollow square.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 41-44
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  • 4
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: It is shown that aspheric deformations of the first and fourth elements of the four element Ross objective can be introduced to permit one to obtain improved color corrections for astrometric purposes. The usual monochromatic aberrations are as well corrected as for the standard Ross lens. In addition, one can eliminate or reduce additional aberrations, such as secondary spectrum, chromatic spherical aberration, chromatic coma and chromatic distortion. The resulting objectives are suitable for use as intermediate and long focus astrometric objectives covering large angle fields.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 61-84
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  • 5
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Coning motion can prevent photographic and TV cameras and other oriented spacecraft experiments from maintaining a steady scan, and it can introduce a ripple in the high-gain communication system. Nutation dampers are used to remove this type of spacecraft instability. The first nutation damper flown in a missile for the stabilization of the gyroscope consisted of a hollow ring that was partially filled with mercury, and the sloshing of the mercury dissipated the nutational energy. A similar mercury-ring damper was used in the Pioneer 1 lunar probe in 1958 and became the first nutation damper to be used in space. Since then many types of nutation dampers have been designed for spin-stabilized spacecraft ranging in size from small scientific satellites to large space stations.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 5th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 73-81
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The dynamic behavior of the mercury nutation damper is investigated. Particular attention is paid to the eccentric annular mercury configuration, which is the final continuous ring phase that occurs in the operation of all mercury dampers. In this phase, damping is poorest, and the system is closely linear. During the investigation, the hydrodynamic problem is treated as three dimensional, and extensive use is made of a variational principle of least-viscous frictional power loss. A variational principle of least-constraint is also used to advantage. Formulas for calculating the behavior of the mercury damper are obtained. Some confirmatory experiments were performed with transparent ring channels on a laboratory gyroscope. Selected movie frames taken during wobble damping are shown along with the results of film measurements.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 5th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 9-16
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A performance test of a night image intensification system for use as a visual aid by the crewmen in Gemini is reported. The equipment package consisted of (1) image intensification camera; (2) camera control unit; (3) viewing monitor; (4) recording monitor and photographic recorder; and (5) monitor electronics and equipment control unit. Representative photographs are predominantly of lights and clouds. Photographs of three different sections of coastline reveal a contrast between the images of land and ocean. These images range in quality from good to poor.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 431-443
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Several tentative conclusions can be derived from the results of the synoptic terrain photography experiment, with particular reference to the results from the Gemini mission. The photographs are additional confirmation of the feasibility and value of orbital photographs for geology, geography, and oceanography. The photographs have proven to be of value in the study of the tectonic problems. Although vertical or near-vertical photography is superior to oblique photography, photographs from the Gemini 12 mission have proven that low oblique photographs, and even high oblique photographs, may be of value for certain situations. The oblique views of the Makran Range were useful substitutes for vertical photographs. Equivalent aerial coverage by vertical photographs would have necessitated a camera altitude of several hundred miles. The oblique views of the Sierra Madre Oriental have been used in the search for structures that are approximately normal to the horizon and are enhanced by the foreshortening because of the photograph.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 337-381
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  • 9
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Experiment M403 was flown on the Gemini 4 and 5 spacecraft in an effort to discover whether the spacecraft could accumulate sufficient excess electric charge to constitute a hazard for later Gemini-Agena rendezvous missions. An attempt was made to measure the electric field terminating on a small area of the spacecraft retrograde adapter section and to calculate the total spacecraft charge from this measured field value. The Gemini 5 instrument was inhibited from responding to electric fields that corresponded to a charge on the spacecraft. However, readings were obtained on the Gemini 5 mission that were of as great or greater magnitude than those obtained on the Gemini 4 mission. This could be interpreted as an indication that the contribution of a net spacecraft charge to the Gemini 4 measurements was negligible. An operational measurement that was performed on a later rendezvous mission was indicative of a very small exchange of charge between the Gemini spacecraft and the Agena vehicle.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 115-124
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Recordings of the stellar ultraviolet radiation in the wavelength region from 2000 to 4000 angstroms are reported. An analysis of the surface temperatures of the stars, the absorption effects occurring in the atmospheres of the stars, and the absorption effects of the interstellar dust is made from the photographic data obtained. In addition to gathering basic astrophysical data about hot, young stars, the experiment is used to clarify the problems and techniques of uv photography of stars from manned spacecraft.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 81-99
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  • 11
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Some simple calculations were made regarding the scattered light phenomenon of a sunlit earth limb. It was assumed that the light was to be scattered by an atmosphere irradiated by a zenith sun. Calculations were made with several different scattering coefficients assignable to various wavelengths of the extended visual region. The dependence of the excess blue-limb elevation was less obviously determined by the scattering angle than was suspected. It is reasonable to surmise that the variation of the values of excess blue-limb elevation originated principally from the red-limb variance, because the form of the blue-limb profiles (at least in their upper part) was more regular than was that of the red-limb profiles.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 101-114
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Two perturbations, the earth's quadrupole moment and the earth's revolution around the sun, are discussed. Schiff's proposed gyroscope test of gravitation is analyzed, along with the capability of deciphering each separate contribution to the angular velocity of spin precession.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 82-84
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  • 13
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Nutation dampers are examined from the standpoint of application to manned space stations with artificial gravity. Typical spacecraft concepts and associated control requirements are considered, and examples of the dampers proposed for these spacecraft are discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: 5th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 103-109
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  • 14
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Mission requirements plus spacecraft weight and power constraints often reduce the excitation frequency of a nutation damper below 1 cpm. Since attitude stability is determined by damper performance, maximum effectiveness at low rates is demanded. Presented are design considerations that low-frequency dampers require, along with descriptions of two low-frequency systems: the Direct Measurement Explorer 1 and the Small Astronomy Satellite A (SAS-A).
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 5th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 97-102
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The thermal heliotrope is a passive solar-array orientation device containing a bimetallic helix that rotates when activated by solar energy. The rate and extent of the rotation depends upon the properties of the two metals and the temperature of the helix. An energy-balance analysis is performed to determine the temperature distribution in the helix. By initially restricting the analysis, a simplified equation governing the response of the heliotrope is obtained. In order to gain insight into the response of the heliotrope, a series of experiments were performed. The results of these tests and the implications are presented.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 5th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 33-39
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The plate reduction method and other aspects of the world geodetic net are described. About one hundred stars are used as reference stars on the PAGEOS satellite plates obtained on 300mm f.1. and later 450mm f.1. Wild BC-4 cameras. The measurements are made manually now on diapositives since these can, according to experience, be measured with higher accuracy and are adjusted following a rigorous projective geometric model. The satellite images are analytically represented by a polynomial curve, of which seven fictitious points are regarded as the result from this plate. Some other aspects of the program are also discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Photo. Astrometric Technique; p 133-140
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The inner perturbing forces acting on sensors were analyzed, taking into account the technological limitations imposed on the proof mass position pickup and proof mass acquisition system. The resulting perturbing accelerations are evaluated as a function of the drag-free sensor parameters. Perturbations included gravitational attraction, electrical action, magnetic action, pressure effects, radiation effects, and action of the position pickup. These data can be used to study the laws of guidance, providing an optimization of the space probe as a whole.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 197-212
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The use of optical satellite observation data for geodetic purposes depends on the ability to extract pertinent information from photographic plates by identifying points on the plates and correlating them with known star positions for use in geodetic positioning. This procedure is accomplished with a new semi-automatic measuring system, an advanced analytical plate reduction program for the IBM 7094 computer, and a triangulation adjustment. The advantages gained with the measuring system, a brief discussion of the system itself, and the plate reduction and triangulation adjustment are described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 109-118
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A short discussion of the astrometric instruments at the Vienna Observatory is given. The essential features of design and organization of the planned 60 inch telescope are described. Furthermore, several points of view concerning modern astrometry are discussed, especially the usefulness of comparing astrometric results based upon different instruments, for instance the comparison between mirrors and refractor based data. Some examples are given together with new immediate results. Lastly, as far as possible at this moment astrometric plans for the new telescope are formulated.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 99-108
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A method of reducing GEOS satellite plates is described. The catalog positions of stars, whose images were measured, are updated to the time of the photographic observation. The plate constants are used to compute the positions of the seven (or fewer) flashing light images which were measured. There are corrected for refraction, parallax, and radial and decentering lens distortions. With sidereally tracking cameras, the exterior orientation is further corrected to the time of the particular flash, and the change of refraction with time is allowed for. First and second differences and standard deviations and covariances for the flashing light images are developed as a measure of accuracy.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 119-122
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The Moire method experimental stress analysis is similar to a problem encountered in astrometry. It is necessary to extract accurate coordinates from images on photographic plates. The solution to the mutual problem found applicable to the field of experimental stress analysis is presented to outline the measurement problem. A discussion of the photo-reading device developed to make the measurements follows.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 55-60
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The flying spot digitizer and its applications are described. Suggestions are made as to how this apparatus might be used for the precise and fast measurement of star images on photographic plates.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 15-24
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Eleven photographs were taken of the L sub 4 earth-moon libration region during the Gemini 12 mission. The objective was to investigate the possible existence of clouds or particles of dust orbiting the earth in the L sub 4 region by the use of photographic techniques. No identifiable data were found in the first sequence of five photographs. Star field images could be recognized in two photographs of the second sequence of pictures. A light flare, of unknown source but possibly caused by light refraction from the window of the spacecraft, was recorded in both pictures. A reconstructed star field region (as photographed) is shown Isodensitraces of the two recognizable star fields were made; however, no conclusive results were obtained.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 71-75
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Observations made during the Gemini 5, 9, and 10 missions in the context of their relation to ground-based and balloon-based experiments on dim-light phenomena are reported. Zodiacal light is the visible manifestation of dust grains in orbit around the sun. The negatives that were exposed on the Gemini 9 mission were studied by the use of an isodensitracer to produce intensity isophotes. Data on the following factors were obtained: (1) intensity distribution of the zodiacal light, both morning and evening; (2) the height and intensity of the airglow at various geographic positions; and (3) intensity distribution of the Milky Way in the region of the sky near Cygnus. Also, a previously unreported phenomenon was discovered. This phenomenon appeared as an upward extension of the normal 90-kilometer airglow layer. The extension was in the form of wisps or plumes approximately 5 deg wide and extending upward approximately 5 deg. The results obtained from pictures exposed on the Gemini 10 mission were of qualitative or geometrical value only.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 3-16
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  • 25
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A machine designed to locate automatically a star image on a photographic plate from approximate coordinates on a punched card and to measure and record its position to a micron is described. The main frame of the machine is of granite, as are the x and y coordinate carriages which move on air bearings against granite ways. The system is capable of making measurements continuously over a 10 x 10 inch range by means of a Ferranti moire fringe system, with a least count of one micron.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 49-54
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The Lick-Gaertner automatic equipment has been designed mainly for the measurement of stellar proper motions with reference to galaxies, and consists of two main components: the survey machine and the automatic measuring engine. The survey machine is used for initial inspection and selection of objects for subsequent measurement. Two plates, up to 17 x 17 inches each, are surveyed simultaneously by means of projection on a screen. The approximate positions of objects selected are measured by two optical screws: helical lines cut through an aluminum coating on glass cylinders. These approximate coordinates to a precision of the order of 0.03mm are transmitted to a card punch by encoders connected with the cylinders.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Photo. Astrometric Technique; p 33-48
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: During Gemini missions, the image orthicon system was used to obtain photographic data on faint and diffuse astronomical phenomena. Results show that the photographs may be used to determine the airglow geometry. Although it was sensitive, the original photographic system was unsuitable for use in the study of dim and diffuse astronomical light sources.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 445-454
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A data gathering effort on a number of cloud systems is reported. On both manned and unmanned Mercury and Gemini 3 missions, a number of good pictures of cloud systems were obtained. Also, specific experiments were performed by the crewmembers in the Mercury missions. Those experiments involved some of the spectral reflectance characteristics of clouds, land, and water regions of the earth surface as viewed from outside the atmosphere. Pictures obtained on successive revolutions of a Gemini spacecraft were indicative of the changes in and the movements of clouds at approximately 90-min intervals at certain points beneath the track of the spacecraft. A series of such views explain the various meteorological phenomena.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 383-414
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  • 29
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The different methods of reducing measurements on photographic plates by the overlap methods are compared. An attempt is made to distinguish the methods accepted by most astronomers from those not generally agreed upon and from those that are still being studied. Questions examined are: organization of future works, improvement of AGK2 and AGK3, and solutions for the astrographic catalog, as well as considerations of some empirical methods.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 219-240
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The beginning design of an experiment is discussed for studying gravitational radiation by using massive detectors which are cooled to ultralow temperatures in order to improve the signal to noise ratios and the effective range and stability of the detectors. The gravitational detector, a low detection system, a cooled detector, magnetic support, superconducting shielding, and superconducting accelerometer detector are described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Conf. on Exptl. Tests of Gravitation Theories; p 38-40
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: On the Gemini 5 mission, acquisition and tracking was performed by the use of celestial bodies as aiming points. However, distant photography of the REP was not possible because of spacecraft electrical power difficulties which occurred after REP ejection. Terrestrial photography was accomplished within the limitations imposed by weather conditions and spacecraft electrical and thruster problems. The photographs that were obtained were significant only as an element of the data to be used in technique evaluation. The other data were time-correlated position and pointing information, atmospheric conditions, sun angle, exposure settings, and the flight logs and verbal comments of the crewmembers. The photographs shown are representative of those that facilitated evaluation of the acquisition and tracking techniques that were used in these three experiments.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 455-466
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A slate that supported four calibrated color targets was photographed during Gemini 10 mission extravehicular activity to determine if existing outdoor-type color films can reproduce colored objects accurately in the space environment. The experiment resulted in the acquisition of sufficient information to confirm that objects can be photographed in space with good color fidelity by the use of existing materials. Available color film is balanced to the solar spectrum in space, and the effect of ultraviolet energy on film degradation appears to be negligible.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 467-470
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  • 33
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The objective was to measure the visual contrast of landmarks with the surroundings to determine the relative visibility of terrestrial landmarks from positions outside the atmosphere. Because of a malfunction of the photometer, no photometric data were obtained. A trial sighting run was performed in which a landmark on the western African coast was sighted, tracked through the nadir, and photographed. The telemetry record of the photograph was examined. Telemetry data were inconsistent with the known conditions of the landmark.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 77-80
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The night airglow, which lies in a thin layer 70 to 100 kilometers above the earth, was studied. Although the surface brightness is low when observed through this layer from below, brightness of the airglow is augmented by a factor of approximately 35 when the airglow is viewed tangentially from the vantage point of the Gemini orbit. This augmentation phenomenon is an effective means of synoptic airglow study. The objective was to extend and refine the photographic method. The following techniques were used to achieve this goal: (1) The camera was equipped with a filter to photograph the two prominent line emissions at 5577 and 5893 A; (2) An illuminated camera sight and an aiming camera mount were used in an attempt to reduce the number of blurred photographs; (3) The number of photographs taken and the amount of the earth photographed were as large as possible; and (4) The photograph of the twilight horizon revealed a sunlit dayglow layer.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Nasa. Manned Spacecraft Center The Gemini Program: Phys. Sci. Expt. Sum.; p 17-36
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Rigorous adjustment algorithms are discussed which extract hidden information contained in overlapping photographs of star fields. In particular, the development of adequate physical and statistical models is emphasized.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 209-218
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The West German tracking stations are equipped with ballistic cameras. Plate measurement and plate reduction must therefore follow photogrammetric methods. Approximately 100 star positions and 200 satellite positions are measured on each plate. The mathematical model for spatial rotation of the bundle of rays is extended by including terms for distortion and internal orientation of the camera as well as by providing terms for refraction which are computed for the measured coordinates of the star positions on the plate. From the measuring accuracy of the plate coordinates it follows that the timing accuracy for the exposures has to be about one millisecond, in order to obtain a homogeneous system.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Univ. of South Fla. Conf. on Phot. Astrometric Technique; p 155-160
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The design, development, and construction of two types of active thermal-control systems are described. These designs are based on the controlled angular deflections of spiral-wound bimetallic actuators. The use of these actuators and lightweight louvers results in a frictionless system that is low in weight yet simple in design and low in cost. Both designs exhibit high reliability, good performance repeatability, and do not require power from the spacecraft. Design philosophy and implementation, design tradeoffs, and materials selection are reviewed. The test program is described, and results are presented.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 5th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 165-170
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A nonlinear structural analysis, employing the nonlinear damper characteristics obtained from a damper test, was successfully performed on the Mariner spacecraft's solar-panel system, and the result was compared with results from a system-level spacecraft test in which some solar-panel tip dampers bottomed at a certain frequency. The analysis showed that the damper bottoming was attributable to a jump phenomenon that can result when a damper's response is not single-valued at some frequency.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 5th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 59-64
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  • 39
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A dual-spin spacecraft is a spin-stabilized spacecraft consisting of two major structures. Momentum is stored in the spinning wheel, while the sail, or platform, can be despun at various rates about the spacecraft axis. Factors that affect the design of nutation-control systems for single- and dual-spin spacecraft are discussed. The nutation-control system of the Orbiting Solar Observatory spacecraft is described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 5th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 87-95
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Large area parallel-plate pulse ionization chamber for high altitude balloon measurements of relativistic cosmic ray heavy nuclei
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; 331-335. (
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Photoionization mass spectrometry, considering application to appearance potentials determination, ion-neutral reactions and gas analysis
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; 23-26, 28, 30 (
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  • 42
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Variable sweep rate frequency response and vibration testing for test time reduction, using closed loop controller for sweep rate modulation
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; 23-26, 28, 30 (
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Checking method for reflection-type holographic system behavior, emphasizing critical stability of glass plate
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; IENCES (
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Liquid Xe filled single wire proportional and multiple wire ionization chambers, measuring gain and time/spatial resolution properties
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; 29 (
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Image intensifier tube coupled to smoothing dissector to improve SNR in electronic scanning spectrometer
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; IBRATIONAL COMBUSTIO
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Active cavity radiometric and international pyrheliometric scales comparison and solar constant from simultaneous solar irradiance measurements
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 47
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Magnetic mirror system measured axial energy distribution of electron beams conversion to equivalent electrostatic analyzer
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Optical aperture configurations effect on image performance, discussing large telescope systems design criteria
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; TROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Color and color IR films for soil identification, performing optical density measurements on film transparencies with densitometer
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Sapphire windowed argon filled tungsten ribbon filament lamp in vacuum UV for application in photomultiplier quantum efficiency calibration
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; FORMATSIONNYE MATERI
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Measuring instrument for amorphous and polycrystalline materials resistivity and Seebeck coefficient as function of temperature and pressure
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; YAL SOCIETY (
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Prelaunch automatic azimuth alignment theodolites for Saturn 1B and Saturn 5 space vehicles inertial guidance system, discussing return images separation and error signal generation
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; BROTECHNIKA, NO. 1(
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Coherent noise elimination in coherent light imaging systems by time averaging noise concentrations through lens rotation about optical axis
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; TROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Pulverized volcanogenic products and chemicals polarizing properties determination, applying to lunar surface layer
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; TROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Mariner photometric data, examining variations in Martian surface limb darkening with reciprocity principle
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; SEARCH(
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A stage and measuring microscope servocontrolled by a computer have been constructed. The travel of the stage is 0.5 x 0.5 m and the travel of the microscope objective is 7.5 cm. The measuring accuracy is 1 micron in the x-y plane and 5 microns along the z axis. The mechanical and optical construction of the stage and microscope, as well as the way in which the control electronics are organized, permit great flexibility of operation. Possible applications include the scanning and measuring of astronomical plates, the laying out of patterns of semiconductor devices of very large sizes, and the measurement of precision grids.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 42; Nov. 197
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Our method of matrix synthesis of optical components and instruments is applied to the derivation of Jones's matrices appropriate for Fourier interferometers (spectrometers and spectropolarimeters). These matrices are obtained for both the source beam and the detector beam. In the course of synthesis, Jones's matrices of the various reflectors (plane mirrors; retroreflectors: roofed mirror, trihedral and prism cube corner, cat's eye) used by these interferometers are also obtained.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 10; Dec. 197
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Preliminary results of hypersonic helium tunnel investigations of whether disturbance measurements in the freestream alone are adequate to describe the model boundary-layer input disturbances, or whether the model shock wave changes the freestream disturbances before they reach the model boundary layer. It was found that the spectra in the freestream are typical of the wide band turbulence as it exists for sound radiated from a turbulent boundary layer. In the shock layer some redistribution of the spectra seems to occur, especially at the highest stagnation pressure, but the more interesting feature is the gradual development of a discrete component, around 70 kHz in the spectra. This feature is believed to be associated with boundary-layer transition.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA Journal; 9; Dec. 197
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Optical enhancement of photomultipliers extended to UV wavelengths, using suprasil and spectrosil fused silica with high flat transmission curves as optical materials
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; PORTS OF STATISTICAL
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Thickness monitoring technique for thin films, using silicon solar cell mounted adjacent to substrate with iron deposition
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; 121- 147. (
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Paraterphenyl coated photomultiplier as detector in far UV spectra, detailing efficiency range and sensitivity
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; VIGATION (
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Simultaneous two magnetometer measurements of weak magnetic fields in interplanetary space, near moon and planets by satellites in presence of spacecraft field
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; 1 (
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  • 63
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: High temperature permeameter for measuring magnetizing force or magnetic induction in vacuum or inert atmosphere
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Michelson interferometer onboard Nimbus 4 satellite for recording earth IR emission spectrum
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; TROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Paired comparison tests of relative signal detected by capacitive and floating Langmuir probes in steady state turbulent plasma confined in magnetic mirror geometry
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; HEORETICAL PROBLEMS
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Shielded fine wire probe for total temperature rapid measurement in high speed flows, discussing construction and theoretical considerations
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; IENCES (
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Ion acoustic waves propagation and structure measurements with metal electrode technique and continuous channel electron multiplier in plasma wind tunnel
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Cold cathode ionization gages dynamic pressure response as function of gas pulse mean speed and gas type, using magnetron test measurements
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Electromagnetic device with superconducting elements for magnetic monopole detection in Apollo lunar samples, describing operation principle, amplifier, sample container and transport system
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; YAL SOCIETY (
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Design curve for estimating conduction heat transfer liquid He cryostats with vapor-cooled vent tubes
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; VUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Optical hyperfine splitting of Rb resonance lines of atomic beam light source, using Fabry-Perot interferometer
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; TROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
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  • 72
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Particle detection equipment and particle data processing systems used with Explorer 15 and Explorer 26 satellites
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: REDUCTION AND ANALYSIS OF PARTICLE DATA FROM EXPLORER 15 AND EXPLORER 26 28 FEB. 1971 (SEE N71-30919 18-29)
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Multispectral scanner and data system with 24 channels for NASA C-130 earth resources survey aircraft
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; 121- 147. (
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Multichannel scaler as interface between edge scan unit and calculator to generate optical transfer functions
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; HEORETICAL PROBLEMS
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  • 75
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Ocean height measurement by orbit determination from satellite altimetry, considering least squares solutions and instrument errors
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; SEARCH(
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  • 76
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: AC power meters using electronic multiplier for overcoming limitations concerning frequency ranges, response times, power factor and distortion
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Materials microstrain determination using automatic capacitance bridge gage and analog or hybrid computer for measurement signal processing
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Mariner Mars 1969 TV cameras instrument design and calibration techniques
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; SEARCH(
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: System operating noise temperature calibrations of S band research operational cone at Venus Deep Space Station and polarization diversity S band cone at Mars Deep Space Station
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The Deep Space Network, Vol. 4; p 105-109
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: StarLifter borne large aperture astronomical telescope for IR and submillimeter observations, discussing design and operation
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; IENCES (
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: In situ metal-gas secondary standard assembly for ultrahigh vacuum gage calibration, using repeatable pressure generation from binary erbium- hydrogen system
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; - EXACT METHODS OF S
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  • 82
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Critique on photomultiplier tube for photon counting, considering pulse height distribution, SNR and electron collection efficiency errors
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; YSICA STATUS SOLIDI
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Photographic emulsion model for signal to average noise irradiance ratio analysis in hologram reconstruction
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; BROTECHNIKA, NO. 1(
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  • 84
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Sensitive fast response scintillation electron detector for use with signal energy analyzer
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; VUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Mariner near encounter pictures with maximum discriminability, applying algorithms for contrast and resolution enhancement and noise removal
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ; SEARCH(
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  • 86
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Digital period detector oscilloscope trigger for multitrace display
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The Deep Space Network, Vol. 4; p 79-83
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  • 87
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Specifications and performance tests for digital pressure transducers designed for spacecraft application
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: INSTRUMENTATION AND COMMUN. RES. AT MSFC, VOL. 4 MAY 1971; P 11-18
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Use of detailed analyses of an Apollo 6 stereographic photograph of a smoke plume which originated in southern Arizona and crossed over into Mexico to illustrate how high-resolution photography can aid meteorologists in evaluating specific air pollution events. Photogrammetric analysis of the visible smoke plume revealed that the plume was 8.06 miles long and attained a maximum width of 4000 ft, 3.0 miles from the 570-ft chimney emitting the effluent. Stereometric analysis showed that the visible top of the plume rose nearly 2400 ft above stack top, attaining 90% of this total rise 1.75 miles downwind from the source. Photometric analysis of the plume revealed a field of plume optical density that portrayed leptokurtic and bimodal distributions rather than a true Gaussian distribution. A horizontal eddy diffusivity of about 650,000 sq cm/sec and a vertical eddy diffusivity of 230,000 sq cm/sec were determined from the plume dimensions. Neutron activation analysis of plume samples revealed the elemental composition of the smoke to be copper, arsenic, selenium, indium and antimony, with trace amounts of vanadium and scandium.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology; 10; Dec. 197
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Bragg-reflex images of small individual crystallites in the size range of 20-100 A diameter with known crystallographic orientation were used in a transmission electron microscope to determine in-situ: (a) the relationship between objective lens current (or accelerating voltage) changes in discrete steps and corresponding defocus, (b) the spherical aberration coefficient, and (c) the axial chromatic aberration coefficient of the objective lens. The accuracy of the described method is better than 5%. The same specimen can advantageously be used to properly aline the illuminating beam with respect to the optical axis.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optik; 34; 1971
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A comparison of side-looking airborne radar (SLAR) images and black and white aerial photos of similar scale and illumination of an area in the Mojave Desert of California shows that aerial photos yield far more information about geology than do SLAR images because of greater resolution, tonal range, and geometric fidelity, and easier use in stereo. Nevertheless, radar can differentiate some materials or surfaces that aerial photos cannot; thus, they should be considered as complementary, rather than competing tools in geologic investigations. The most significant advantage of SLAR, however, is its freedom from the stringent conditions of weather, date, and time that are required by small-scale aerial photos taken with a specified direction and angle of illumination. Indeed, in low latitudes, SLAR is the only way to obtain small-scale images with low illumination from certain directions; moreover, in areas of nearly continuous cloudiness, radar may be the only practical source of small-scale images.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Geological Society of America Bulletin; 82; June 197
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  • 91
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The Jimsonde, a high-resolution lightweight temperature sensor developed for use with the FPS-16 Radar/Jimsphere wind system, and its related systems are discussed; and an error analysis that shows the sonde to have an rms error of 0.41 C at sea level and 0.56 C at 18 km is presented. Five flight tests, a sequence of four tests and one individual test, of the Jimsonde were made. For comparative purposes, radiosonde temperature data are presented along with the Jimsonde data.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 76; Dec. 20
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A polycrystalline molybdenum sample was recrystallized and thermally stabilized. Quantitative measurements of the emission from each individual grain were obtained with an electron emission microscope. The effective work function for each grain was then calculated. The crystallographic orientation of each grain was determined by Laue back-reflection techniques. A polar plot of effective work function vs crystallographic orientation for the sample was constructed to provide a correlation between effective work function and crystallographic orientation.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Metallurgical Transactions; 2; Nov. 197
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Procedures used and results derived in a series of prerequisite interpretation tests that were performed on multiband and multidate photography are described. The results of these quantitative tests led to the selection of what was considered to be the best combination of multiband and multidate photographs for use in the Maricopa County Survey.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA, Washington Intern. Workshop on Earth Resources Surv. Systems, Vol. 2; p 32-46
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  • 94
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Remote sensing with infrared color aerial photography (Kodak Ektachrome Infrared Aero 8443 film) for detecting citrus tree anomalies is described. Illustrations and discussions are given for detecting nutrient toxicity symptoms, for detecting foot rot and sooty mold fungal diseases, and for distinguishing among citrus species. Also, the influence of internal leaf structure on light reflectance, transmittance, and absorptance are considered; and physiological and environmental factors that affect citrus leaf light reflectance are reviewed briefly and illustrated.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA, Washington Intern. Workshop of Earth Resources Surv. Systems, Vol. 2; p 14-30
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Some of the applications of thermal scanner data in agriculture are presented along with illustrations of some of the factors affecting the temperature of plants, soil, and water. Examples of thermal imagery are included.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA, Washington Intern. Workshop on Earth Resources Surv. Systems, Vol. 2; p 66-81
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The feasibility of performing inventories of agricultural resources using very small scale aerial or space photography has been investigated. Results to date are encouraging on two counts: (1) the questions posed initially are being answered, and (2) it would seem that a fully operational agricultural inventory using very small scale photography is not beyond the scope of present technology. The biggest problems to be faced in establishing a functional inventory system are those concerning logistics and data handling.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA, Washington Intern. Workshop on Earth Resources Surv. Systems, Vol. 2; p 2-12
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Advantages of facsimile camera systems are reviewed for imagery of lunar and planetary surfaces from stationary or stopped remotely controlled vehicles. They include: better geometric fidelity than television systems, more picture elements per frame, ability to take single frame panoramic pictures, a very high contrast ratio within a picture, a choice of one or more narrow-band spectral responses over a wide possible range, image transmission over a low bit-rate communications channel without storage, very low power, small size, low weight, and ruggedizability to meet space flight requirements. Systems of this kind are under development for the 1975 Viking Martian lander, and have been used by the Soviets on Lunas and Lunokhod laboratory and field evaluation of a completed facsimile camera system is presented. The applicability of facsimile cameras to lunar and planetary rovers is demonstrated.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: JPL Quart. Tech. Rev., Vol. 1, No. 3; p 1-16
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2014-09-03
    Description: NASTRAN generation of motion pictures for analysis of elastic structure transient responses under continuous deformation conditions
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center NASTRAN: Users Experiences; p 647-657
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  • 99
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Requirements, quantities, location, and temperature environment limitations of sensors for space shuttles
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Proc. of the Space Shuttle Integrated Electron. Conf., Vol. 2; p 73-104
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer for moisture content measurement of lunar and terrestrial soils and rocks
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: GEOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN LUNAR AND PLANETARY RESEARCH.; P. 123-136.
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