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  • GEOPHYSICS  (1,043)
  • Chemical Engineering  (913)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984  (1,141)
  • 1975-1979  (815)
  • 1983  (1,141)
  • 1976  (815)
Collection
Publisher
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984  (1,141)
  • 1975-1979  (815)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 198-199 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 2
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 289-297 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A flash photomicrographic method and modified dye-light transmittance technique are employed to measure size distributions and mixing frequencies in a turbulently agitated flow vessel. This liquid-liquid dispersion is nearly spatially homogenous. Mixing frequencies are strongly dependent on impeller speed and moderately dependent on holdup fraction.
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  • 3
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 394-398 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analysis of the operation of the rotary flow cyclone suggests that no dust below 1μ will be captured in this equipment under normal operting conditions, and that performance will not deteriorate with the use of a dirty secondary flow. Experimental data support these conclusions.
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  • 4
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 403-405 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 5
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 409-411 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 6
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 412-413 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 7
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 309-315 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The composite algorithm derived in Part I is used to construct models from pulse responses of lumped and distributed systems, as well as an empirically measured residence time density. Along the way, salient points in the numerical implementation of the algorithm are indicated. In the present recursive procedure, the initial transient is predicted accurately by lower-order partial realizations; successive partial realizations involve progressively longer tails of the pulse response. The zeroth moment of the impulse response is used to advantage when realizations with no zeros are appropriate.
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  • 8
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 343-353 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Calculations are done for a series of mathematical models for a monolith catalytic converter to oxidize carbon monoxide in automobile exhaust. Phenomena studied include axial conduction in the wall, diffusion and conduction in the gas in a transverse direction perpendicular to the flow direction, multiple steady states, and transients giving wall temperatures exceeding the adiabatic temperature.
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  • 9
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 369-376 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A rigorous mathematical analysis shows that parametric pumps can separate, concentrate, and recover in pure form all components of a multi-solute mixture. The obtained separation cannot be predicted by existing linear models. Criteria for determining steady periodic separations of binary mixtures are discussed in detail for batch and continuous systems.
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  • 10
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 413-413 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 11
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 415-415 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 12
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 13
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 405-407 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 14
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 539-549 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The concept of the optimal synthesis of dynamic process systems with uncertain parameters is introduced. A structure parameter approach is used to theoretically derive the necessary condition for the optimal performance system structure, and an effective algorithm for implementing the synthesis method is presented. The results are applied to the optimal synthesis of a reactor-separator system for the dynamic start-up of two reaction systems.
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  • 15
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    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 558-564 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Electrostatic characteristics in gas-solids flow in a metal pipe are studied both theoretically and experimentally with particular attention to the collision between particles and pipe wall. Effects of gas velocity and particle diameter on the electrification are also examined.
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  • 16
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 582-589 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The model of the multicomponent, multistage distillation column has been extended to three coexisting phases. The new model contains the well-known modeling equations of the two-phase distillation column as a special case. The versatility of the new simulation model is demonstrated with practical distillation problems.
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  • 17
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 600-603 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 18
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 730-736 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Theory and experiment show that lowered resistivity of fly ash, frequently caused by adding conditioning agents to flue gas to improve efficiency of electrostatic precipitation, is caused by capillary condensation of liquid at the contact points of ash particles, thereby providing additional pathways for flow of electrical current.
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  • 19
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    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 744-750 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Random search procedures have recently been successfully applied to the optimization of a variety of chemical engineering problems, including optimization of chemical processes by flow sheet simulation. These procedures represent the independent variables as random variables described by probability distributions. The adaptive random search procedure centers the distribution for each variable about the best search point found and examines this region for a better point. Thus, this technique has the ability of continuously moving the search region toward the optimum, which is particularly advantageous in following constraints.This study examines the efficiency of the adaptive random search technique as applied to six different problems, which have been previously solved by various other techniques.
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  • 20
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    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 724-730 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method of moments has been formulated for the determination of the diffusivity of a gas in a polymer from a step response in a continuous permeation chamber. Contributions of system components other than the polymer are easily factored out to determine the contribution of the polymer alone, and this contribution is then analyzed to calculate the diffusivity. The method has been applied to the measurement of the diffusivities of sulfur dioxide in PTFE (Teflon) and fluorosilicone rubber tubes over a wide temperature range.
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  • 21
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    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 799-805 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model was developed for the acidization of various sandstone cores which successfully describes the flow and reaction in the porous media during acidization. A comparison of the experimental results of various investigators shows excellent agreement with the results predicted by the authors with the model.
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  • 22
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 813-813 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 23
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 814-814 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 24
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    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 832-840 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Shear viscosity of an Amioca starch paste undergoing hydrolysis by immobilized α-amylase is shown to follow a power law behavior. The power law constants are uniquely related in a way which reduces the power law to a dimensionless form, a result previously reported only for retrograding starch and coagulating milk. The concept of a total hydrodynamic volume [Amioca starch molecules (amylopectin) plus associated immobilized liquid] is extended to concentrations above the dilute solution regime. A molecular interpretation is proposed for the shear viscosity behavior of Amioca starch pastes vs. extent of starch hydrolysis.
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  • 25
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    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 851-855 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bench scale packed columns were used to study the kinetic behavior of biological denitrification. After tracer studies were run to determine flow characteristics, steady state nitrate profiles were determined. A first-order rate expression with an Arrhenius temperature dependence is an adequate model of the reaction for nitrate-nitrogen concentrations of 〈 100 mg/l and temperature of 5° to 20°C. The rate constants are proportional to the packing surface area.
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  • 26
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    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 879-882 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ultra high-speed motion picture photography is used to measure the decay and frequency of drops of liquid in air and of air cavities in liquids. Consequent to the belief that surface active agents induce dynamic interfacial properties, a very clean system is used, and experiments are performed with triple distilled water, tap water, and known aqueous solutions of ionic and nonionic surfactants. Experimental results yield good qualitative agreement with the theory. The theoretical and experimental studies show the system to be a new and promising technique for the quantitative evaluation of the various interfacial viscous and elastic properties.
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  • 27
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    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 904-909 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Reaction rates of selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene (PA) and styrene were studied in a packed-bed reactor with concurrent gas and liquid upflow. The surface reaction rates were expressed by the reaction between adsorbed PA or styrene and dissociated hydrogen atoms competing for the same active sites. The contributions of mass transfer rate were determined, and better selectivity conditions were discussed.
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  • 28
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    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 882-886 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of sorption of four representative hydrocarbons in 13X zeolite crystals have been investigated at temperatures within the range 409 to 513°K and pressures 0.1 to 100 torr. Extensive diffusivity data are presented showing the dependence on sorbate concentration and temperature. The form of the concentration dependence of the diffusivity for these systems is very similar to that of the small monatomic and diatomic molecules in 5A zeolite. This similarity is understandable, since the key factor which determines the diffusion behavior is the relative size of diffusing molecule and sieve window. For these hydrocarbons in the 13X sieve, as for the monatomic and diatomic gases in 5A, the critical diameters of the diffusing molecules are all appreciably smaller than the free diameter of the windows.
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  • 29
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    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 937-938 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 30
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    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 938-940 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 31
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    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 950-952 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 32
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 33
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    AIChE Journal 22 (1976) 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 34
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    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 961-970 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Moment analysis of input-response data for three-phase slurry reactors is shown to be useful for detrmining mass trasnport rate coefficients. Data for the nitric oxide-water activated carbon system indicated that bubble-to-liquid transport, intraparticle diffusion, and the adsorption step could all influence the adsorption rate for high concentrations of carbon particles.
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  • 35
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    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 1000-1006 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mass transfer characteristics are studied theoretically and experimentally for dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in fully developed laminar flow through a gas permeable membrane tubing. The gas transfer rate is correlated with the liquid flow rate and tubing size. Membrane resistance together with liquid phase resistance determine the overall mass transport rate.
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  • 36
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    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 1033-1042 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Thermal phenomena are associated with the operation of ice counter-washers, a major component for the separation of ice and brine in freeze crystallization processes. Melting, freezing, and channeling in the upper leg of the counterwasher occur because of the temperature difference between the wash water and the ice and have important effects on the operation of the device. In the present study, these phenomena are modeled and analyzed and their scaling laws derived. Ice and wash water temperature distributions as well as variations in porosity and wash water flow rate due to melting and freezing in the ice plug are computed and plotted. The effect of channeling on counterwasher operation is studied and formulated in terms of the channel dimensions and ice plug properties. Growth rates of channels due to melting by the wash water are calculated. Results indicate that warm wash water and slow motion of the ice plug cause rapid channel growth and may be deleterious to counterwasher operation. Best conditions for recovery from channeling are obtained with wash water temperature close to freezing and high plug velocity.
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  • 37
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model was developed for the direct reduction of hematite carried out in a countercurrent moving packed bed, and the process was simulated on a CDC 6400 computer. The response of the model to changes in the various process variables was investigated, and it was found that there is an optimum gas inlet composition (hydrogen-carbon monoxide) for a given set of operating conditions. In addition, an optimum gas inlet temperature was revealed for cases where pure carbon monoxide was used as the reducing gas. The feasibility of side stream injection of reducing gas was studied. The calculations showed that there are certain ranges of operating conditions for which the injection of a hot side stream is advantageous. This study represents the first reported simulation of direct reduction process having carbon monoxide-hydrogen gas mixtures as a reducing medium.
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  • 38
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    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 872-879 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The system of a dispersed phase oscillating in a continuous medium is investigated theoretically with the specific purpose of developing a new technique for the measurement of interfacial viscous and elastic properties. By use of the well-known models of interfacial mechanics, the decay and frequency of liquid drops oscillating in a gas and of gas cavities oscillating in a liquid are computed as functions of dynamic interfacial properties. The results of the theory indicate, for the size range considered, that the elastic properties dominate over the viscous properties and that dilational effects dominate in the case of the drop in air and shear effects dominate in the case of the cavity in a liquid. The frequency does not seem to depend on the dynamic interfacial properties.
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  • 39
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    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 947-950 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 40
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    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 1112-1118 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two kinetic models of hydrocarbon hydrogenolysis over monometallic surfaces, based respectively on catalytically uniform or nonuniform surfaces, are applied to ethane and n-pentane hydrogenolysis results over copper-nickel alloy catalysts as well as the monometallic catalysts platinum and nickel. If no direct hydrogen desorption appears in any postulated irreversible step, both models predict the same composition for the important surface intermediates CnHx (n = 1, s), where x depends upon the catalyst.This analysis predicts that for essentially all alloy catalysts to which the postulated sequences may apply, the hydrogenolytic surface intermediate CnXx contains one more hydrogen atom than that calculated for a nickel catalyst: specifically, C2H3 (alloy) vs. C2H2 (nickel) for ethane and C5H6 (alloy) vs. C5H7 (nickel) for n-pentane.
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  • 41
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    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 1125-1132 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theoretical model is developed for steady state diffusion in reactive heterogeneous media in which simultaneous reversible chemical reactions occur between diffusible carrier species and the transported species. The heterogeneous systems analyzed are those for which one phase is dispersed as uniform spheres in a second continuous phase, and either or both phases may be reactive. The results have a simple physical interpretation in terms of additivity of resistances. The theory is applied to oxygen diffusion in blood.
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    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 1147-1150 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 43
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 1-18 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    Notes: Fixed-bed, catalytic reactors in which gas and liquid phases flow concurrently downward, termed trickle beds, are becoming more widely used in chemical processing, particularly in the petrochemical industry. Shah (1979) has summarized the advantages of trickle-bed reactors and mentioned some of the processes in which the reactors are used. Shah's monograph and earlier reviews (Satterfield, 1975; Goto et al., 1977; Hofmann, 1978; Gianetto et al., 1978) have discussed factors affecting reactor performance.In the last few years additional experimental and theoretical studies that contribute to improved design and scaleup of trickle-bed reactors have been published. The scope of this paper is to review critically these improvements. Progress in understanding local rates of reaction is considered first. Then recent developments in reactor design are analyzed.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 60-65 
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    Notes: The absorption of dilute SO2 into aqueous double slurries containing CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2 was carried out using a stirred tank with a plane gas-liquid interface. The absorption rate increased and finally reached that under the completely gas-film controlled conditions as the absorption process proceeded. The desulfurization process using the double slurry was formulated by a two-reaction-plane model in which there are no particles suspended in-between the interface and the primary reaction plane. It was suggested from comparison of the experimental absorption rates with the theoretical predictions that 40 to 60% of the absorbed sulfur dioxide may be present as an effective magnesium sulfite ion pair.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 87-94 
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    Notes: A design approach based on a phase diagram of inlet temperatures is proposed for the countercurrent reactor/heat exchanger for highly exothermic reactions with inherent parametric sensitivities. The phase diagram shows the region of safe operation on a plane of feed and coolant inlet temperatures, free from runaway conditions. The boundaries surrounding the safe operation region are defined by design parameters. Simple procedures applicable to arbitrary expressions of global rate are developed for the phase diagram. The multi-pronged design problem of selecting the design parameters and operating conditions for the maximum possible conversion within the constraints due to the parametric sensitivities is condensed into the represented by a phase diagram and an analysis on the phase plane. A design alternative which eliminates the necessity of the preheater for highly exothermic reactions is discussed and the advantages are quantitatively illustrated to assert that this design should be seriously considered as a viable alternative.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 159-161 
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 161-164 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 250-261 
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    Notes: A two-level strategy for fault detection and diagnosis developed in Part I is applied to a chemical reactor in which heptane is converted to toluene. Simulation of various faults demonstrates that the proposed strategy is valid, and that it also represents an improvement over fault diagnosis via an extended Kalman filter.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 270-276 
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    Notes: In Part I, a novel method for reducing the order of models for countercurrent staged separation systems was presented. In this paper, the method is applied to the modeling and simulation of nonlinear multicomponent distillation systems. Some additional properties of the model reduction procedure are derived. The accuracy of the approximation is established by comparison of the steady-state profiles and transient responses to that of rigorous dynamic models. The results indicate that the proposed technique is an effective way of reducing the number of equations needed to model stagewise multicomponent separation systems.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 297-305 
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    Notes: Removal of liquid from filter cakes can be accomplished by mechanical or hydraulic methods after cake formation is complete. This paper deals with the latter procedure. The local porosity in porous beds (Tiller and Cooper, 1962) is a function of hydraulic pressure distribution and cake compressibility. Calculation of average porosity requires an integration of local values as determined by liquid flow patterns. As most compressions of filter cakes are irreversible, the local porosity is a function of the maximum effective pressure (frictional pressure loss) reached during cyclical operations. Reversal of flow through a cake develops radically changed pressure distributions which can be utilized to reduce local porosities. Analytical expressions are presented for reduction of average porosity brought about by reversing flow of liquid in plate-and-frame and recessed plate filter presses.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 338-340 
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    Notes: A new apparatus to measure partition coefficients Ks∞ at infinite dilution up to 200 105 Pa and 423 K is described. Measurements of the systems: (1) methane-ethane-n-decane and methane-propane-n-decane at 294.25 K; and (2) methane-n-butane-n-decane at 344.25 K illustrate the reproducibility and good agreement with literature data. In addition, new data were obtained for the system methane-n-pentane-n-decane at 344.25 K up to 101 105 Pa.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 157-159 
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 434-442 
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    Notes: Pressure drop data for distillation sieve trays have been obtained with experimental trays with small outlet weir heights, including zero, and for trays with small perforations which exhibit large pressure drops due to surface tension. These data have been added to literature data to form a large composite data base with extensive variations in fluid and gas properties, flow rates, and tray designs.A new pressure drop correlation has been developed which retains the use of the dry tray pressure drop, but provides new procedures for estimating liquid inventory and the resistance to vapor flow due to surface tension forces. This correlation gives a mean absolute error of 6.0% and an average error of -0.6%. These errors are significantly less than the errors between measurements and predictions from two other correlations using the same composite data base.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 467-473 
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    Notes: Pressure drop and liquid saturation are two important design parameters in cocurrent gas-liquid downflow through packed beds. A macroscopic model based on momentum balance is formulated for the condition of no radial pressure gradients. The model includes the effect of bubble formation on the pressure drop and holdup and is compared with the experimental data of the earlier investigators and of the present study. The model provides a functional form for correlating pressure drop and liquid saturation but some parameters have to be determined by fitting the experimental data.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 493-498 
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    Notes: The convective dispersion of a solute in steady flow through a tube is analyzed, and the concentration profile for any Peclet number is obtained as a convolution of the profile for infinite Peclet number. Close approximations are obtained for the concentration profile and its axial moments, by use of orthogonal collocation in the radial coordinate. The moments thus obtained converge rapidly, and the concentration profile less rapidly, toward exactness as the number of collocation points is increased. A two-point radial grid gives results of practical accuracy; analytical solutions are given at this order of approximation.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 526-526 
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 748-771 
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    Notes: In Part I, criteria for heat engine and heat pump placement in chemical process networks were derived, based on the “temperature interval” (T.I) analysis of the heat exchanger network problem. Using these criteria, this paper gives a method for identifying the best outline design for any combined system of chemical process, heat engines, and heat pumps. The method eliminates inferior alternatives early, and positively leads on to the most appropriate solution. A graphical procedure based on the T.I. analysis forms the heart of the approach, and the calculations involved are simple enough to be carried out on, say, a programmable calculator. Application to a case study is demonstrated.Optimization methods based on this procedure are currently under research.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 813-820 
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    Notes: The changes to the solid phase which occur within fluidized-bed gas-solid reactors may have a significant impact on the performance of this class of reactors, particularly in coal conversion applications. In this paper a particle balance model is developed which accommodates particle distributions dependent on both size and density as well as populations consisting of multiple solids. The fast double collocation method used for solving the associated PDE permits this calculation to be performed within the framework of a Davidson-Harrison bubbling-bed model. A modification of the iteration procedure for the emulsion-phase state variables of the D-H model is reported which allows the composite reactor model to be executed reliably and efficiently. A general purpose program has been implemented, whose application is presented in a companion paper.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 604-610 
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    Notes: The thermal decomposition of kerogen in a Colorado shale was studied in a TGA-type apparatus in which the temperature was first increased at a constant rate and then held constant at a plateau value. Data were obtaiend at plateau temperatures from about 573 to 703 K and at 101.3 kPa.The objective of the research was to determine the influence of transport effects on the observed rate of decomposition. The results show that, for the shale studied, transport of heat and mass influenced the rate, if the particle size was greater than about 0.4 × 10-3 m and if more than two to three layers of particles were placed in the weighing basket.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 858-864 
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    Notes: An alternate development of the quasilinearization method for parameter estimation is presented to enable a more efficient implementation of the algorithm. Similarity of this algorithm to Gauss-Newton method is shown and attention is given to systems having a nonlinear relationship between the observed and state variables. To overcome the problem of a small region of convergence, the use of direct search optimization is proposed for the first few iterations, followed by the simplified quasilinearization algorithm.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983) 
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 529-533 
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    Notes: A computer simulation model for suspension flows in plate-and-frame type membrane modules has been developed. Reduced forms of the mass transport and momentum equation were solved simultaneously to study concentration polarization and permeation flux decline. The verified simulator can be used to analyze and predict the process dynamics and can aid in the design of ultrafiltration systems.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 691-693 
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 702-702 
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    Notes: Kinetic models for glycoside hydrolysis and solasodiene formation are combined, and using previous experimental data the effect of changes in reaction conditions on hydrolysis times and the proportion of solasodiene in the final hydrolysed product are established. These are used to give a set of guidelines for commercial hydrolysis. The use of the models for new commercial situations is explained.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 611-617 
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    Notes: The drag reduction phenomenon in a rectangular open channel flow was examined by measuring the longitudinal velocity by means of a laser Doppler anemometer. Statistical analysis of the fluctuating velocity showed that the most significant effect of the polymer additive (polyethylene oxide) on the large-scale turbulent motion appeared in the turbulent core of an open channel flow. The scale of bursting phenomenon was enlarged by the polymer additive, and the typical ejection process was detected as the remarkable negative fluctuating velocity throughout the buffer and turbulent core regions except near the free surface.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 640-645 
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    Notes: Diffusion coefficients of argon, krypton, xenon, methane, carbon tetrachloride and the tetraalkyltins (methyl through butyl) were measured in methanol, 1-butanol and 1-octanol over the temperature range 298 to 433 K. With temperature-dependent solvent diameters fitted from the tracer diffusivity of one of the solutes, a rough-hard-sphere theory predicts well the observed tracer diffusivity over the solvent density range in which hard-sphere computer simulations are available. The Wilke-Chang correlation predicts diffusion coefficients in the higher alcohols with an average error of 80% and a maximum error of 200%. A correlation of the form Dμp/T = A where p and A depend on solute and solvent size is more successful giving an average error of 7% and a maximum error of 24%.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 663-668 
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    Notes: The analysis of Part I (Rubinovitch and Mann, 1983) is continued here, considering the movements of a single particle in an arbitrary flow system in terms of the total times it resides in various flow regions. Results from the theory of Markov chains are used to derive expressions for the joint distribution of number of visits and total residence time in a flow region and for the total regional residence time distribution. Further, the relationships between the local particle flow rate, number of visits to a flow region, and net flow rate through the system are derived. Specifically, it is shown that This relation is valid for any general flow system and any general region in the system. It holds true irrespective of the number of inlets and outlets to the region or of the nature of the internal mixing in the region. It is further shown how this relation leads to an experimental method for measuring local flow rates.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 688-689 
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 696-698 
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 703-703 
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 712-716 
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    Notes: An experimental investigation was carried out to measure local and average heat transfer coefficients for horizontal tubes located in freeboard region of air fluidized beds. Tests were carried out at room temperature and atmospheric pressure in a rectangular fluidized bed, with mean particle diameters of 275 to 850 μm.Both local and average heat transfer coefficients were found to vary with particle diameter, flow rate, static bed depth, and elevation in the freeboard region.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 737-741 
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    Notes: The kinetics of the reaction between steam and thermally-regenerated activated carbon containing DBS residue was studied at 973 to 1,062 K and atmospheric pressure. The results fit a Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate equation originally developed for the oxidation of other types of carbon with steam. The rates of reaction were relatively high. Auxiliary experiments with added Na2SO4 indicated that the non-volatile inorganic residue from DBS has a catalytic effect.Readsorption measurements on regenerated samples demonstrated that thermal regeneration alone resulted in considerable loss (35%) in adsorption capacity but that thermal regeneration followed by steam gasification could completely restore the adsorption capacity for DBS on the remaining virgin carbon.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 771-779 
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    Notes: High-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) is an existing commercial technology which promises to be an effective means for the large-scale separation of both weakly magnetic and practically nonmagnetic, micron-sized particles. It utilizes the strong magnetic forces created typically by placing filamentary ferromagnetic packing materials inside a separator matrix magnetized by a uniform background magnetic field. In this paper, a practical mathematical model for HGMS is developed for quantitatively predicting the grade and recovery of the separated product and the capacity (concentration breakthrough) of the separator. Computer implementation and experimental verification of the new model for HGMS applied to pilot-scale coal beneficiation are described in Part III.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 800-805 
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    Notes: The kinetics of equilibration of a vegetable foodstuff with moist air are studied on the basis of its cellular structure. The problem is modelled as a coupled heat and mass transfer phenomenon; since there is a significant shrinkage as moisture decreases, the model takes the effect into account by changing the basis for the mass and energy balances. The resulting nonlinear second-order partial differencial equations are solved numerically; predicted values of moisture decrease and temperature gain with time are compared with experimental data. A sensitivity analysis of the solution to values of the transport properties shows that the value of effective diffusivity and heat and mass transfer coefficient may alter significantly the predicted equilibration kinetics and center temperature. The adopted value for heat of sorption has less influence. Changes in effective thermal conductivity and porosity bear little influence on predictions.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 829-833 
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    Notes: The solubility and diffusivity of vapors in polymers below and in the vicinity of glass transition temperature are known to be explicitly time-dependent. It is assumed here that the polymers are in nonequilibrium states, characterized by an internal order. The latter relaxes with time and moves towards equilibrium. The changes in the internal order bring about changes in the properties of the polymer-solute system.The time dependence of diffusivity and solubility has been derived for isothermal processes not far from equilibrium. Well-known procedures for analyzing relaxing systems are used to obtain the above results, and the knowledge of how the internal order is related to the molecular properties is not required.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 854-858 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Following secondary recovery processes in conventional light oil reservoirs, more than half the original oil in place may remain trapped as a discontinuous phase. During the previous recovery processes these oil ganglia have been pinched off by capillary forces and remain immobile while the continuous phase which surrounds them is able to flow freely. Furthermore if a portion of this oil is mobilized in a tertiary recovery process the conditions required to apply Darcy's equation to the flow of either phase are violated. These are also problems which are encountered during in-situ recovery techniques in tar sands where the mobilization of the heavy oil occurs as a discontinuous phase. In this paper the relevant flow equations are derived. Also a parameter is deduced which directly determines the criterion for mobilization.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 903-909 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A unified approach is proposed for the prediction of heat transfer coefficients in turbulent falling films undergoing heating, evaporation or condensation for both of the cases with or without interfacial shear. A modified van Driest eddy viscosity model, which incorporated a damping factor f and takes into account the effect of variable shear stress, is used to predict the hydrodynamics of turbulent falling films. The calculated film thicknesses are in good agreement with the Nusselt-Brauer correlations for the non-sheared film and the Dukler prediction for highly sheared film. Also, by including a van Driest type turbulent Prandtl number model, the asymptotic heat transfer coefficients are accurately predicted and show better agreement with the extensive literature data and correlations than do most of the existing turbulence models proposed to date.
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  • 83
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 915-922 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The applicability of axial dispersion model (ADM) for the measurement of the gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient (kLa) in bubble columns is discussed. It is shown that the misinterpretation of the concentration jump near the column inlet can lead to wrong conclusions regarding the mass transfer rates. It is further illustrated that some reported kLa dependencies on the superficial liquid velocity and the axial distance are resulted from the use of an incorrect model and can be rectified by an application of ADM. Finally, it is shown that ADM can be effectively used to calculate kLa a for: (a) highly viscous liquids, (b) in the presence of chemical reaction, (c) slurry reactors, and (d) the columns with different liquid inlet locations.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 19-25 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A solution is obtained for convective diffusion with axial diffusion and homogeneous and heterogeous reactions in a tube. The results have been used successfully to examine the validity of a model with simplified inlet boundary condition and to establish the conditions for a one-dimensional dispersion model.
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  • 85
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 40-49 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The generation of carbon fines by attrition during the fluidized combustion of a bituminous coal has been studied by means of a 140mm ID fluidized-bed combustor under variable excess air factor, bed temperature, fluidizing velocity and size of bed sand and coal. Results indicate that rates of attrited fines are roughly proportional to excess of gas velocity above the minimum for fluidization and bed carbon exposed surface. Attrition rate constant is affected by size of sand and, to a less extent, and particularly with finer coal, by bed temperature.
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  • 86
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 49-60 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Feasible operating conditions are obtained for an azeotropic distillation tower using a nonlinear programming algorithm. The boil-up rate, fractional recovery of product, and bottoms purities of entrainer and by-product are adjusted to locate an overhead vapor stream that condenses into two liquid phases, but is in equilibrium with a single liquid phase on the top tray. A new objective function is introduced and minimized, subject to inequality constraints, using Powell's algorithm (1977). Results are obtained for dehydration of alcohol with benzene.
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  • 87
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 73-79 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Perturbation chromatography previously has been used experimentally as an efficient method for obtaining sorption equilibria for systems with up to two vapor phase components at finite concentration. The objective of this work was to obtain a theoretical result that could be used for experimental determinations of sorption of multiple interfering species at finite concentration. Results obtained are applicable for both non-stoichiometric and stoichiometric situations for systems that may have flowing phase velocity and volume changes associated with interphase transport and also may have interactions among the sorbed components. The dependence of each effluent peak characteristic velocity upon all of the component equilibrium isotherms requires that the equilibria be considered as a whole by simultaneously fitting a set of composition grid perturbation response data to appropriate isotherm surface equations.
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  • 88
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 132-136 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The dynamic pulse-response technique was used to measure effective diffusivities under nonreacting conditions in two, unsulfided, extrudate-type, hydrodesulfurization catalyst pellets of different porosities. Pore-volume distribution data showed a bidisperse pore structure with a broad pore-size range (100 μm to 3 nm).The main purpose of the study was to evaluate various methods for calculating the tortuosity factor, τ. For this particular catalyst, the most constant and unreasonable values of τ were obtained by supposing that diffusion occurred in all the pore volume (micro and macropores) and by summing the combined Knudsen and bulk contributions over each increment of pore volume.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 153-157 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a method for correlating univariable experimental data, which avoids unwarranted inflection points by means of mathematical constraints fitted to sections of the data. The method was applied successfully to correlate thermodynamic data which are otherwise difficult to fit in without inflection points.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 164-167 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 167-170 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 92
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 172-173 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 93
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 191-198 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Based on the drag force of two spheres in contact and the probability density of size ratios of particles which constitute an aggregate particle, the population balance equation describing the change of the particle-size distribution due to the disruption of aggregate particles is derived and the numerical solutions of this equation are obtained.Experiments were carried out with fly ash particles dispersed in air stream through an orifice at various flow rates. The measured size distributions can be represented by the numerical solutions of the population balance equation.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 215-221 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The relation between the velocity and concentration fields for a fully developed turbulent flow which transfers mass to a pipe wall at large Schmidt numbers has been studied. Measurements of the fluctuations of the concentration gradient and the velocity gradient were obtained simultaneously at multiple locations on the wall. Spatial scales were calculated for the low frequency velocity fluctuations by passing the measured signals through low-pass filters. These scales are the same size as the scales of the concentration fluctuations. This result provides additional support for the notion that mass transfer to a boundary at high Schmidt numbers in controlled by low frequency velocity fluctuations which contain only a small fraction of the total turbulent energy.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 229-236 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The drag coefficients of drops of various liquids falling in air were measured experimentally. The drag coefficient was linearly related to the viscosity in the Reynolds number and viscosity range measured. Measurements also suggested there is no difference between Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 261-269 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: One of the major difficulties with mathematical models of staged separation systems is the large dimensionality of the process model. This paper is concerned with simple (reduced-order) steady-state and dynamic models for processes such as distillation, absorption and extraction. The model reduction procedure is based on approximating the composition and flow profiles in the column using polynomials rather than as discrete functions of the stages. The number of equations required to describe the system is thus drastically reduced. The method is developed using a simple absorber system. In the second part of this paper, the application of the method to nonlinear multicomponent separation systems is demonstrated.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 289-297 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Catalyst deactivation in an isothermal fixed-bed reactor under pore-mouth poisoning conditions is investigated theoretically using a discrete mixing cell model. Two fundamental relationships which characterize the poisoning process in the reactor are identified and incorporated into the model to develop a simple graphical procedure for a quick, general insight into the problem. This graphical method is extended to design pellet impregnation profiles along the reactor which would give nondeteriorating reactor performance up to a given time. The effects of various system parameters on the lifetime and conversion performance of the reactor are also examined analytically, graphically and numerically.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 312-319 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Relationships are developed for determining interfacial areas as a function of bubble coalescence and for predicting liquid-film-controlled mass transfer in deep seal bubble column reactors. Interfacial area is inversely dependent on mean bubble size; the mass transfer constant is directly dependent on bubble size. A correction for enhancement due to liquid-phase reaction must be applied, and enhancement is shown to decrease with increasing bubble size.Experimental measurements on the catalyzed rate of oxygen absorption from air in aqueous sodium sulfite solutions were made in a 0.299 m diameter × 9.14 m high glass column. Water and aqueous solutions of a surfactant and corn syrup were used to simulate ranges of surface tensions, densities, and viscosities. Perforated plates with 0.00635-m holes and 2.85% open area were inserted at 1.524-m spacing on half of the experimental runs to show the effects of gas redispersion. Two-phase flow velocities were adjusted to cover ranges of interest in full-scale, commercial bubble column reactor design.
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    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 340-343 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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