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  • Female  (5,051)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (5,042)
  • Springer  (9)
  • American Chemical Society
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early tutoring and adult reproductive behaviour in female domestic canary (Serinus canaria) (2000)
    Springer
    Animal cognition 3 (2000), S. 45-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-9456
    Keywords: Key words Songbird ; Female ; Sexual imprinting ; Sexual preferences ; Reproductive activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We studied the effect of early tutoring on the subsequent sexual preferences and reproductive activity of female domestic canaries (Serinus canaria). Young female canaries were exposed during the first 4 months of life to songs of either domestic or wild canaries. When adult, these females were again exposed to domestic or wild songs. In the first experiment, the sexual responses of the females to unfamiliar domestic and wild songs were quantified with the copulation solicitation display (CSD) assay. In the second experiment, the same females were tested again with modified tutoring songs. In the third experiment, song stimulation of nest-building and egg-laying was studied. Domestic-strain-tutored females gave more CSDs to domestic than to wild songs. In contrast, wild-strain-tutored females showed no sexual preference. We propose that the sexual preference of adult domestic-strain-tutored female canaries for domestic songs is the consequence of learning and categorisation processes. The discrepancy between the results of the domestic-strain-tutored females and those of the wild-strain-tutored females suggests that female canaries have a predisposition to learn songs of their own strain rather than songs of an alien strain. In the third experiment nest-building and egg-laying activities appeared to be unaffected by early tutoring conditions: there was no significant differential effect of the different tutoring and exposure conditions on nest-building and egg-laying scores. Mate attraction and stimulation of females’ reproductive activity appear to be two separate functions of male song, which may have been shaped by different evolutionary constraints.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100710050049
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Verapamil induces increased bone volume and osteopenia in female rats but has the opposite effect in male rats (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 524-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Verapamil ; Bone ; Osteopenia ; Rat ; Female ; Intestinal calcium absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Verapamil inhibits the intestinal absorption of calcium (Ca) and increases serum parathyroid hormone in rats. The effects of verapamil on bone tissue after long-term treatment is, however, not well described. Adult female and male Sprague-Dawley rats received verapamil in their drinking water at a dosage of 0.075 mg/ml (low dose) or 0.75 mg/ml (high dose) for 12 weeks; control rats received only drinking water. All rats were fed a diet containing 0.1% Ca and 0.5% P. In female rats, the amount of bone ash per volume was significantly reduced from 0.742 g/ml in controls to 0.713 g/ml after low-dose treatment of verapamil, and to 0.667 g/ml following high-dose treatment (P〈0.01). The tibial length was increased from 39.7 mm in controls to 40.3 mm or to 40.7 mm after low or high doses (P〈0.01). The tibial volume increased from 0.385 ml in controls to 0.397 ml after low doses and to 0.429 ml after high doses (P〈0.01). In contrast, in male rats the amount of bone ash per volume was significantly increased from 0.578 g/ml in controls to 0.580 g/ml after low doses and to 0.620 g/ml after high doses of verapamil (P〈0.01). The tibial bone volume in males as decreased from 0.633 ml in controls to 0.641 ml after low doses and to 0.583 ml after high doses (P〈0.05). The tibial length in the males was not changed by verapamil. The intestinal absorption of Ca was reduced in male rats from 5.28 in controls to 4.03 (serosa/mucosa) after low-dose treatment and to 2.46 after high-dose treatment with verapamil (P〈0.05). In female rats, the intestinal absorption of Ca did not change after verapamil treatment. Thus, chronic treatment with verapamil in female rats induced osteopenia whereas in male rats bone growth was inhibited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582167
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cigarette smoking, steroid hormones, and bone mineral density in young women (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 300-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Female ; Smoking ; Estradiol ; Testosterone ; Sex hormone-binding globulin ; Cortisol ; Bone density
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary There are few studies of the effect of smoking on bone density in young women. The reported antiestrogenic effect of smoking could be a mechanism for a possible effect of smoking on bone. We measured bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (whole body, proximal femur, lumbar spine), and serum levels (midfollicular phase) of testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and cortisol in 52 women (25 smokers, 27 nonsmokers) aged 20–35 years. The two groups did not differ significantly in age, height, weight, or the sum of eight skinfold thicknesses. The mean number of cigarettes smoked per day and the number of years of smoking were 16.9 and 12.9, respectively. There were no significant differences in BMD between smokers and nonsmokers at any site. For both smokers and nonsmokers, SHBG and the free androgen index (T/SHBG) made significant contributions (P〈0.005) to the variance in BMD at all sitesexcept the lumbar spine. The free estradiol index (E2/SHBG) contributed to whole body BMD (P〈0.05). For all subjects, there were significant inverse relationships between SHBG and BMD (P〈0.002), and positive relationships between T/SHBG and BMD (P〈0.02) for all sites except the lumbar spine. These data suggest that moderate smoking in young women is not associated with low BMD at any site. However, smokers had lower free estradiol and higher SHBG, both of which have been related to increased bone loss in older women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301626
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Summer/winter differences in the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone levels of Japanese women (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 44 (2000), S. 186-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Keywords Correlation ; Female ; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) ; PTH ; Seasonal difference
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] is produced in the skin in response to exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and is a good indicator of vitamin D nutritional status. The aim of this study was to determine summer/winter differences in serum 25(OH)D3 and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in Japanese women and how the summer and winter values are related. The subjects were 122 healthy Japanese women aged 45–81 years (average age: 65.7 years). They were medically examined twice, in September 1997 and February 1999. Serum 25(OH)D3 and intact PTH were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and a two-site immunoradiometric assay respectively. Lifestyle information was obtained through an interview. The seasonal differences (winter minus summer) in 25(OH)D3 [Δ25(OH)D3] and intact PTH concentrations were –18.8 nmol/l (SD 19.2, P〈0.0001) and 0.98pmol/l (SD 1.02, P〈0.0001) respectively. The correlation coefficient between summer (x) and winter (y) 25(OH)D3 levels was 0.462 (P〈0.0001), with a linearly fitted line of y=0.42x+26.4. This relationship was interpreted as subjects with higher summer 25(OH)D3 values having greater reductions in winter 25(OH)D3 concentrations. There were inter-individual differences in Δ25(OH)D3, although the summer and winter 25(OH)D3 concentrations were well-correlated. Since Δ25(OH)D3 was not associated with any of the lifestyle factors, seasonal differences in the 25(OH)D3 concentrations of an individual appeared to reflect her ability to produce 25(OH)D3 photochemically in the skin. Sun bathing would be a less effective means of attaining adequate vitamin D nutritional status in a person with a small seasonal difference in 25(OH)D3, i.e., one with a low 25(OH)D3 level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004840000067
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproductive effort and costs of reproduction in female European ground squirrels (1999)
    Springer
    Oecologia 121 (1999), S. 19-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Ground squirrel ; Female ; Reproduction ; Lactation ; Gonad development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Reproductive effort, factors affecting reproductive output and costs of reproduction were studied in primiparous yearling compared to multiparous older female European ground squirrels (Spermophilus citellus). Yearling females weaned smaller litters than older ones. Litter size increased with posthibernation body mass at the expense of slightly lighter young for yearling but not for older mothers. In older females, on the other hand, emergence body mass influenced offspring mass, whereas litter size was affected by oestrus date. High reproductive effort entailed reproductive costs in terms of reduced subsequent fecundity but not subsequent survival for both yearling and older females. The production of large litters and long duration of lactation delayed subsequent oestrus, which, in turn, correlated negatively with litter size. During the second half of lactation, oestradiol levels were significantly elevated, indicating the initiation of follicular maturation processes. Oestradiol levels during that time correlated negatively with current, but positively with subsequent litter size. We therefore assume that inhibitory effects of lactation on gonadal development may mediate the negative relationship between reproductive effort and subsequent reproductive timing in adults. This effect is absent in yearlings because they are reproducing for the first time. Reproductive output in yearlings was influenced by interactions between structural growth and puberty.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050902
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sterols of male and female compound inflorescences of Zea mays L. (1976)
    Springer
    Planta 133 (1976), S. 89-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Zea mays ; Inflorescences ; Male ; Female ; Sterols
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A comparison has been made between the sterols of male and female inflorescences and of pollen from Zea mays. The female inflorescence was shown to contain cholesterol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-ethyl-5,22-cholestadien-3β-ol, 24-ethylcholesterol and (28Z)-24-ethylidenecholesterol. Themale inflorescence contained the same five compounds together with 24-methylenecholesterol. Pollen contained 24-methylenecholesterol as its main sterol together with lesser amounts of cholesterol, 24-ethylcholesterol, (28Z)-24-ethylidenecholesterol, 24-methylene-5α-cholest-7-en-3β-ol and 4α-methyl-24-methylene-5α-cholest-7-en-3β-ol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386011
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Actin stringently accumulated in the specifically positioned, differentiating female gametangia of Allomyces (1992)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 5 (1992), S. 310-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Actin ; Female ; Gametangia ; Differentiation ; Allomyces
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Female gametangia of the normal bisexual Allomyces species are richer in fluorescently probed (FITC) actin, independent of their apical or subapical positioning during differentiation on the fertile hyphae. The anti-actin, cytochalasin D, can selectively suppress male differentiation in both species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197384
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sterols of male and female flowers of Cucumis sativus (1977)
    Springer
    Planta 134 (1977), S. 115-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Female ; Flowers ; Male ; Meiosis ; Sterols
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sterols of male and female flowers of Cucumis sativus L. were similar in composition. The principal compound was 24ξ-ethyl-5α-cholesta-7,22-dien-3β-ol. Five other 5α-Δ7 were detected: 24ξ-methyl-7-ene, 24ξ-ethyl-7-ene, 24-ethyl-7,24(28)Z-diene, 24ξ-ethyl-7,25-diene and 24ξ-ethyl-7,22,25-triene. Small amounts of Δ5 (cholesterol, 24ξ-methylcholesterol and 24ξ-ethylcholesterol) were detected. The possible significance of these sterols is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384959
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A case of unusually early postpartum resumption of estrous cycling in a young female chimpanzee in the wild (1986)
    Springer
    Primates 27 (1986), S. 517-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii ; Chimpanzee ; Female ; Estrus ; Lactational amenorrhea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A case of unusually early postpartum resumption of estrous cycling (〈7 months) was recorded for a young, presumably primiparous female in the M group of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in the Mahale Mountains National Park, western Tanzania. The female showed estrous cycling while lactating her infant, and mated with young and low-ranking males as well as with the alpha male.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381896
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  • 10
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    Cancer. BRCA2 enters the fray (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, John H -- Elledge, Stephen J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 13;297(5588):1822-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12228708" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; BRCA1 Protein/metabolism ; BRCA2 Protein/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair ; DNA, Single-Stranded/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Female ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Genes, BRCA2 ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Mice ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rad51 Recombinase ; Rats ; Recombination, Genetic ; Replication Protein A
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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