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  • FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER  (525)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984  (327)
  • 1975-1979  (198)
  • 1983  (327)
  • 1976  (198)
Collection
Keywords
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  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984  (327)
  • 1975-1979  (198)
Year
  • 1
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    Motions of a liquid in a pulsating bulb with application to problems of blood flow (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-11-08
    Description: Potential flows may be utilized to represent motions produced in pulsating bulbs. While the initial bulb shape may be arbitrary, sequential shapes are related by affine transformations. Two components appear in the distribution of pressure, one dependent on the instantaneous velocity and the other on the acceleration. For flows with stationary streamlines the inertial impedance is that of a simple mass, and is proportional to the first moment of the actual mass of fluid contained within the bulb. Examples treated are: (1) Expanding and collapsing circular cylinders, and (2) elliptical cylinders in which the perimeter is held constant. The thickness of the pulsatile laminar boundary layer is found to be approximately on millimeter for conditions in the vicinity of the heart. Conditions for separation and turbulence differ from those in steady flow.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 957-965
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  • 2
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    Surface-tension-induced convection experiment MA-041 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: In the absence of gravity, stirring in a liquid is suppressed because of density differences caused by thermal or compositional gradients. However, other mechanisms resulting in natural convection in a microgravity environment exist. One of the most important mechanisms for liquid metals is surface tension driven convection, which becomes predominant in the low gravity environment. In this case, surface tension differences caused by compositional or temperature gradients have been demonstrated to cause stirring in liquids during experiments performed onboard Skylab. Compositional gradients were created by adding a soap solution to a large water globule, which caused vigorous fluid motion for some moments after the addition.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo-Soyuz Test Project; 11 p
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  • 3
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    Science demonstrations (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Three demonstrations of scientific concepts concerning liquids were performed during the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project mission. Chemical foaming, spreading of liquids, and capillary wicking were the subjects of each demonstration photographed in space. The results clearly illustrated the basic principles, and films suitable for educational uses are now available from the first author.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Apollo-Soyuz Test Project; 9 p
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  • 4
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    Solution adaptive grid generation (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, Theoretical Aerodynamics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 2; p 651-68
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  • 5
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    Navier-Stokes solution for quasi-three dimensional flow (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, Theoretical Aerodynamics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 1; p 329-33
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  • 6
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    Vectorized, implicit Navier-Stokes solver for 2-D incompressible flows (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, Theoretical Aerodynamics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 1; p 273-31
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  • 7
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    Clebsch velocity decomposition for rotational conical flows (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, Theoretical Aerodynamics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 1; p 183-19
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  • 8
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    Influence of convection on the growth of crystals from solution (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: This is a review of the influence of convection on the growth of crystals from solution. The growth rate is increased by convection up to the point where interface kinetics becomes rate controlling. Compositional inhomogeneity and morphological instability (inclusion formation) are probably worse for gentle convection than for either no convection or for vigorous stirring. Stirring, particularly of crystal suspensions, can cause an orders of magnitude increase in the rate of formation of new crystals. This is called 'secondary nucleation'.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Crystal Growth (ISSN 0022-0248); 65; 133-142
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  • 9
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    Heat pipes in space: A NASA summary (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Experiences derived from the development, integration, and flight of NASA spacecraft and sounding rockets are presented. They include the International Heat Pipe Experiment, OAO 3, and ATS-6. Typical flight data are presented to show the performance.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: ESA Heat Pipes; p 647-653
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  • 10
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    The production of turbulent stress in a shear flow by irrotational fluctuations (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Attention is given to the way in which external turbulence affects an initially turbulence-free region in which there is a mean velocity gradient. External turbulence induces irrotational fluctuations in the sheared region which interact with the shear to produce rotational velocity fluctuations and mean Reynolds stresses. Since the actual front between the initial external turbulence and the shear flow is a randomly contorted surface, the turbulence near the front is intermittent, and is presently included in the form of a simple statistical model. In wind tunnel tests, turbulent shear stress was found to grow from zero to significant values in the interaction region. Observed stress magnitude and extent agrees with predictions, and it is concluded that turbulent stresses can be produced by irrotational fluctuations in a region of mean shear.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Fluid Mechanics (ISSN 0022-1120); 137; 307-329
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  • 11
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    Viscous thermocapillary convection at high Marangoni number (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A liquid, contained in a quarter plane, undergoes steady motion due to thermocapillary forcing on its upper boundary, a free surface separating the liquid from a passive gas. The rigid vertical sidewall has a strip whose temperature is elevated compared with the liquid at infinity. A boudnary-layer analysis is performed that is valid for large Marangoni numbers M and Prandtl numbers P. It is found that the Nusselt number N for the horizontal heat transport satisfies N proportional to min (M to the 1 2/7/power, M to the 1 1/5/power, M to the 1 1/10/power) Generalizations are discussed.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Fluid Mechanics (ISSN 0022-1120); 135; 175-188
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  • 12
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    Stagnation-point ablation of carbonaceous flat disks. II Experiment (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Six flat-disk models made of carbon-carbon and carbon-phenolic materials were launched in an argon-filled track-range facility to test ablation characteristics in a radiation-dominated, massive-blowing environment. The shock standoff distances deduced from the shadowgraphs agree with theoretical predictions during the earlier portion of the flight, while the wall temperatures determined by the image-converter photographs agree with predictions during the later portion. The measured surface recessions exceed the calculated values by about 60 percent for carbon-phenolic and 30 percent for carbon-carbon. The discrepancies are attributed to spallation. The measured char thicknesses agree with theoretical predictions.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 21; 1748-175
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  • 13
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    Continuation in a parameter - Experience with viscous and free surface flows (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The results of modifications in continuation methods applied to obtain solutions to the Navier-Stokes systems of equations for incompressible, two-dimensional, steady flows are reported. It is shown that parameter continuation permits prediction of accurate, initial estimates for iterative processing of nonlinear finite difference and finite element equations of motions. The new parameter steps are derived from values of the preceding parameter steps. The accuracy of the estimates is ensured with appropriate choices of the step size. The continuation predictor/iterative corrector is demonstrated to trace the branches of parameter space along which steady flow states are found, and techniques are available for tracing multiply branching paths. The techniques are applied to solving the Navier-Stokes equations for flow through a rotating square channel, the formation of a falling liquid curtain, and gyrostatic equilibria of rotating cylindrical drops.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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  • 14
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    Modeling of transient two-component flow using a four-point implicit method (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The four-point, centered implicit scheme that is extensively used in open channel flow simulation is shown to be applicable to rapid and slow pressure transient problems in conduits with nearly single phase and two-phase flows. It is only necessary to choose the proper weighting factor value, theta, of the Courant number. For rapid pressure transients such as waterhammer, the implicit method can yield reasonable results with limited numerical dispersion and attenuation if theta is only slightly greater than the critical value of 0.5. For slower pressure gradients in single and two-phase flows, reasonable numerical solutions may be achieved for Courant number values as high as 20.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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  • 15
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    The production of turbulent stress in a shear flow by irrotational fluctuations (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: This paper examines, both theoretically and experimentally, the effect produced by irrotational fluctuations, associated with a nearby turbulent field, in a region where the turbulence is initially very low but where there is a mean shear. Calculations are based on rapid distortion theory and experiments use linearized hot wire anemometers in an open circuit wind tunnel. Turbulent shear stress is observed to grow from zero to significant values in the interaction region. The magnitude and extent of this observed shear stress agree reasonably well with predictions of the analysis, when intermittency effects are included. It is concluded that turbulent stresses can be produced by irrotational fluctuations in a region of mean shear and that this effect can be estimated using rapid distortion theory if the overall strain ratio is not large.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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  • 16
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    A modified Dodge algorithm for the parabolized Navier-Stokes equations and compressible duct flows (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A revised version of Dodge's split-velocity method for numerical calculation of compressible duct flow was developed. The revision incorporates balancing of mass flow rates on each marching step in order to maintain front-to-back continuity during the calculation. The (checkerboard) zebra algorithm is applied to solution of the three dimensional continuity equation in conservative form. A second-order A-stable linear multistep method is employed in effecting a marching solution of the parabolized momentum equations. A checkerboard iteration is used to solve the resulting implicit nonlinear systems of finite-difference equations which govern stepwise transition. Qualitative agreement with analytical predictions and experimental results was obtained for some flows with well-known solutions. Previously announced in STAR as N82-16363
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids (ISSN 0271-2091); 3; 493-506
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  • 17
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    Accuracy of approximations to the Navier-Stokes equations (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The systems of truncated differential equations that have been proposed to reduce the complexity and large computational costs of solutions to the full Navier-Stokes equations are considered. These systems are computationally efficient and capture all the physically relevant behavior. The systems follow a certain hierarchy: (1) the classical boundary-layer equations with specified edge properties (usually the streamwise pressure distribution); (2) the coupled boundary-layer/inviscid equations; (3) the so-called thin-layer equations that discard streamwise diffusion; and (4) the Navier-Stokes equations. Consideration is given to each of these approximations applied to an incompressible, laminar-separating flow at low and moderate Reynolds numbers. It is pointed out that for any flow or region of flow for which viscous-inviscid interaction effects are small, classical boundary-layer equations will provide a satisfactory description of the viscous flow at a fraction of the computational cost of any higher approximations.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 21; 1759
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  • 18
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    Growth of Goertler vortices in compressible boundary layers along curved surfaces (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An investigation of the growth of the three-dimensional, counter-rotating, longitudinal type vortices is considered in two-dimensional laminar compressible boundary-layer flow. The basic approximation of the disturbance equations that includes the terms due to boundary layer growth is considered and solved numerically. These terms are shown to have large local effects near the neutral stability region. The study shows that the instability of the boundary layer with respect to the three-dimensional vortices sets in at higher Goertler number as Mach number increases. Also the maximum amplitude ratio of the vortices is reduced by about 20 percent as Mach number increases from 0 to 5.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (ISSN 0191-9539); 2; 3, 19; 213-238
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  • 19
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    Derivation of the Navier-Stokes equation (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The proposed approach to the derivation of the Navier-Stokes equation is thought to be more plausible and easier to understand than other derivations that can be found in works on fluid mechanics. The tensor character of the stress is central to the derivation. In particular, a linear relation between stress and strain rate is assumed only for the shear, rather than for the full stress tensor as is done in most other derivations. An assumption for the shear is naturally simpler and easier to verify experimentally. The use of tensor analysis is shown to greatly simplify the derivation.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: American Journal of Physics; 44; Nov. 197
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  • 20
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    Six-beam models in radiative transfer theory (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A critical analysis is given of the applicability of six-beam models to radiative transfer in particulate materials. The method of introducing transverse scattering in these models is shown to cause fundamental difficulties in the case of physically plausible phase functions; in particular, the effective absorptivity is abnormally large and thus results in incorrect reflectances and transmittances. Six-beam calculations for several media are compared with accurate solutions, with Chu-Churchill two-beam results, and with a simple modification to the Eddington approximation, the last being generally superior over a wide range of conditions.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Applied Optics; 15; Dec. 197
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  • 21
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    Influence of heat transfer on the stability of parallel flow between concentric cylinders (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The stability of the parallel flow of water between concentric cylinders at different temperatures is investigated for infinitesimal velocity and pressure disturbances. Primary interest is in the effect of heat transfer and the radius ratio a/b on the critical point of the neutral stability curve. The results indicate a strong dependence of the critical eigenvalues on both the heat transfer and the radius ratio. The critical Reynolds number of the nonisothermal flow appears to approach a finite value as the inner radius approaches zero (pipe flow) by showing an inflection point on the curve of critical Reynolds number vs a/b.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Physics of Fluids; 19; Nov. 197
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  • 22
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    Numerical computation of transient coaxial entry tube flows (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A numerical program was developed to compute transient laminar flows in two dimensions including multicomponent mixing and chemical reaction. The program can compute both incompressible flows and compressible flows at all speeds, and it is applied to describe transient and steady state solutions for low subsonic, coaxial entry, tue flows. Single component, nonreacting flows comprise most of the solutions, but one steady state solution is presented for trace concentration constituents engaging in a second order reaction. Numerical stability was obtained by adding at each calculation point a correction for numerical diffusion errors caused by truncation of the Taylor series used to finite difference the conservation equations. Transient computations were made for fluids initially at rest, then subjected to step velocity inputs that were uniform across each region of the entry plane and were held constant throughout the computation period. For center tube to annulus velocity ratios of 0.5 and 2.0, the bulk fluid in the tube initially moved in plug flow, but strong radial flows developed near the injection plane which moved the fluid into the high shear region between the jets and away from the tube wall.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Computers and Fluids; 4; Dec. 197
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  • 23
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    Transport processes in boiling and two-phase systems, including near-critical fluids (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Aspects of pool boiling are considered, taking into account nucleate boiling, the nucleate boiling mechanism, film boiling, and the transition between nucleate and film boiling. The characteristics of two-phase flow are also investigated, giving attention to two-phase flow parameters and equations, the flow pattern in two-phase flow, the pressure drop in two-phase flow, heat transfer in two-phase flow, two-phase flow dynamics, the boiling crisis in two-phase flow, the critical flow rate, the propagation of the pressure pulse and the sonic velocity in two-phase media, instrumentation for two-phase flow, and geometry and field effects on boiling and two-phase flow. Near-critical fluids are also considered.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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  • 24
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    Effects of atomic oxygen on graphite ablation (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: It is shown that a previously derived semiempirical equation for describing observed ablation rates of isotropic graphites cannot be applied to low-density flows containing dissociated oxygen. Experimentally determined reaction probabilities of isotropic graphites to molecular and atomic oxygen are used to calculate heat-transfer rates and stagnation-point ablation rates for typical conditions. Integrated mass losses are computed for a group of flight trajectories which start from geosynchronous orbit and enter earth's atmosphere in a skipping motion following near-elliptic decaying orbits. A comparison of the results with those obtained by the equation under question shows excellent agreement for steep trajectories, but large discrepancies for shallow trajectories. The differences are attributed to surface oxidation by atomic oxygen.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA Journal; 14; Nov. 197
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  • 25
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    Nonlinear effects for the Taylor column for a hemisphere (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: When a flow is forced past an obstacle in a rapidly rotating fluid, a Taylor column forms. This is defined by a set of vertical detached shear layers circumscribing the obstacle which provide the smooth transition from an external inviscid potential flow to a stagnant core above the obstacle. For a hemispherical object, the main adjustment takes place in an external E to the 1/4 power layer and an internal E to the 2/7 power layer; here, the nonlinear flow in these layers is investigated. The problem in the E to the 1/4 power layer is identical to a problem occurring in magnetohydrodynamic flow; in addition, some features of the magnetohydrodynamic problem have been resolved. Numerical solutions are obtained for the steady nonlinear external E to the 1/4 power layer flow up to the point where unsteady flow separation from the Taylor column is imminent. The response of the internal E to the 2/7 power layer to the flow in the E to the 1/4 power layer is calculated, and the results suggest that the internal shear layer is unlikely to play any significant role in the separation process
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Physics of Fluids; 19; Nov. 197
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  • 26
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    The International Heat Pipe Experiment (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: On October 4, 1974, the International Heat Pipe Experiment was launched aboard a Black Brant sounding rocket from White Sands, New Mexico. The flight provided six min of near zero gravity during which a total of ten separate heat pipe experiments was performed. The fifteen heat pipes tested represent some of the latest American and European technology. This flight provided the first reported zero gravity data on cryogenic and flat plate vapor chamber heat pipes. Additionally, valuable design and engineering data were obtained on several other heat pipe configurations. The payload and several of its experiments are discussed.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: ESA Heat Pipes, Vol. 2; p 815-837
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  • 27
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    Gasdynamics and shock dynamics of weak shock waves (1976)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Experiments in weak-shock dynamics were conducted using a 17-in. diameter shock tube. Weak shocks were generated in air by a compressed nitrogen driver gas; the incident shock waves were brought to a focus by reflecting them from concave cylindrical reflectors at the endwall of the tube. It was found that the behavior of a shock discontinuity at a focus is determined by nonlinear gasdynamic processes. Consideration is also given to nonlinear resonance phenomena, i.e., phenomena associated with oscillatory motion in ducts, with amplitude so large that weak shocks occur. Attention is given to nonlinear resonance in open and closed tubes and to thermal and relaxation effects.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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  • 28
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    Drop dynamics in space (1976)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Drop experiments proposed for Spacelab are discussed and an acoustic chamber utilizing the torques and forces produced by acoustic waves excited within the chamber is described. Its operation and how it is being tested for experiments is discussed.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: ESA Mater. Sci. in Space; p 405-419
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  • 29
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    The laminar compressible boundary layer on a rotating sphere with heat transfer (1976)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The paper presents a theoretical analysis of the thermal boundary layer induced by an isothermal sphere rotating in an otherwise quiescent fluid. The boundary layer is considered to be laminar and compressible, and the effects of buoyancy and viscous dissipation on torque, heat transfer, and the position of the ideal jet (the plane of impingement of the boundary layer from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres) are taken into account.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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  • 30
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    Parametric performance of circumferentially grooved heat pipes with homogeneous and graded-porosity slab wicks at cryogenic temperatures (1976)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A recently developed, potentially high-performance nonarterial wick was extensively tested. This slab wick has an axially varying porosity which can be tailored to match the local stress imposed on the wick. The purpose of the tests was to establish the usefulness of the graded-porosity slab wick at cryogenic temperatures between 110 and 260 K, with methane and ethane as working fluids. For comparison, a homogeneous (i.e., uniform porosity) slab wick was also tested. The tests included: maximum heat pipe performance as a function of fluid inventory, maximum performance as a function of operating temperature, maximum performance as a function of evaporator elevation, and influence of slab wick orientation on performance. The experimental data were compared with theoretical predictions obtained with the GRADE computer program.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: ESA Heat Pipes; p 63-76
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  • 31
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    A BBGKY framework for fluid turbulence (1976)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A framework is presented for a systematic kinetic theory of turbulence originating from the Liouville equation for the Fourier coefficients of fluid variables. The real and imaginary parts of these Fourier coefficients play the role that particle coordinates (positions and momenta) play in the BBGKY theory. The basic relations of the problem are the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in two dimensions with zero viscosity, with the probability distributions of Fourier coefficients rather than moments being the basic variables of the theory. A kinetic equation is derived and shown to possess a number of requirements that any reasonable kinetic equation must have: conservation laws, positive-definite spectral densities, and an H-theorem. The major lack in the theory is any reliable information on the relaxation predicted by the complicated linear operator H. Closure of the hierarchy is achieved by the hypothesis that the five-coefficient correlation function is negligible. Problems associated with inclusion of viscosity and external driving forces are discussed.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Physics of Fluids; 19; June 197
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  • 32
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    Shock interference peak heating measurements using phase change coatings (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The phase change coating technique is used to obtain peak heating measurements in shock interference flow regions with high surface shear and heating. This technique provides heat transfer coefficients which are determined by measuring the time for a point on the surface to reach the phase change temperature of the thin fusible coating. Measurements were conducted on a 5.08-cm diameter hemisphere-cylinder made of silica based epoxy at Mach 6 for free stream Reynolds numbers of 3.3 to 25.6 million per meter. A sketch of the shock interference pattern produced by a flat plate shock generator is included. Heating data obtained on a 5.08-cm diameter stainless steel hemispherical model instrumented with thermocouples is presented for the purpose of comparing the phase change technique with the thermocouple-calorimeter technique.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 13; Jan. 197
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  • 33
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    Laminar free convection from a vertical cone with uniform surface heat flux (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The laminar free convection flow from a right circular cone with prescribed uniform wall flux condition is studied. The governing boundary-layer equations are analyzed by the technique of similarity transformation. Numerical solutions to the transformed equations are given for Prandtl numbers 0.72, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 100. Expressions for both wall temperature distribution and wall skin friction distribution at Prandtl number tending to infinity are also presented.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Letters in Heat and Mass Transfer; 3; Jan
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  • 34
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    Finite element calculation of buoyancy-driven convection near a melt/solid phase boundary (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Two iterative schemes based on the mixed finite element method are developed for analyzing steady natural convection in a melt adjacent to its solid phase. The simplest method decouples the calculation of the field variables and the shape of the melt/solid interface into two interlocked iterations that are performed successively. The second method uses Newton's iteration to solve simultaneously for both types of unknowns and has a quadratic convergence rate. Results for a model problem of melt and solid in a cylindrical ampoule show the Newton algorithm to be a factor of three more efficient.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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    Multiple-grid convergence acceleration of viscous and inviscid flow computations (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A multiple-grid algorithm for use in efficiently obtaining steady solution to the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations is presented. The convergence of a simple, explicit fine-grid solution procedure is accelerated on a sequence of successively coarser grids by a coarse-grid information propagation method which rapidly eliminates transients from the computational domain. This use of multiple-gridding to increase the convergence rate results is substantially reduced work requirements for the numerical solution of a wide range of flow problems. Computational results are presented for subsonic and transonic inviscid flows and for laminar and turbulent, attached and separated, subsonic viscous flows. Work reduction factors as large as eight, in comparison to the basic fine-grid algorithm, were obtained. Possibilities for further performance improvement are discussed. Previously announced in STAR as N83-21847
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Applied Mathematics and Computation (ISSN 0096-3003); 13; 375-398
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  • 36
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    Effect of variable thermal conductivity on isotherms in Bridgman growth (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A change in thermal conductivity associated with melting or solidification can have a profound influence on the isotherms near the solidification interface if the material is being directionally solidified in an ampoule whose walls carry a substantial portion of the heat. This analysis was prompted by a recent discovery that the thermal conductivity of Hg(1-x)CD(x)Te increased dramatically as the material is heated above the solidus curve. An illustrative example is shown in which the sample is approximated as an infinite cylinder with constant but diffferent thermal properties in the solid and melt. The boundary conditions are fixed on the surface by a conductive ampoule in a two-zone Bridgman furnace with an adiabatic region separating the two zones. The effect of the adiabatic zone in this case is to intensify the curvature of the interface rather than to lessen it.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Crystal Growth (ISSN 0022-0248); 61; Apr
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  • 37
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    Analysis of coolant entrance boundary shape of porous region to control cooling along exit boundary (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A cooled porous region has a plane surface exposed to a specified spatially varying heat flux. The coolant leaves the region through this surface, and it is desired to control the flow distribution to maintain a specified uniform surface temperature. This is accomplished by having the coolant entrance surface shaped to provide in the region the necessary variation of path length and, hence, flow resistance. The surface shape at the coolant entrance is found by solving a Cauchy boundary value problem. An exact solution is obtained that will deal with a wide variety of heating distributions for both two- and three-dimensional shapes.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: ASME, Transactions, Journal of Heat Transfer (ISSN 0022-1481); 105; Aug. 198
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  • 38
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    Numerical solutions for spin-up from rest in a cylinder (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A set of three-dimensional flow-field data for the region around a cylinder impulsively spun-up from rest was derived with a numerical model based on the Navier-Stokes equations. Laser-Doppler anemometer data in the azimuthal direction was employed to test the model predictions, and data was developed for a flowfield with Ekman numbers from 9.18/1,000,000 to 9.18/10,000. The contributions of inviscid and viscous terms were determined as functions of radius and time. It was found that immediately after start-up viscous diffusion is the dominant factor, which is replaced by nonlinear radial advection. The Coriolis force dominates in the later stages of spin-up. The inward radial flow is a maximum near the front, where the vertical velocity is small, but features strong radial gradients, as it does at the edge of the Ekman layer.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Fluid Mechanics; 127; Feb. 198
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  • 39
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    Procedure for generating ground wind environments for Shuttle liftoff studies (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Ground-wind environments for Monte Carlo simulations of Space Shuttle liftoff at KSC are developed. Input parameters include randomly selected 18.3-m-altitude peak wind speed (from which mean wind profile and turbulence intensity are calculated), randomly selected mean wind direction, and longitudinal and lateral turbulence components obtained from the Shuttle-simulation turbulence tapes (SSTT: Tatom et al., 1982). The steps in the simulation of turbulence time histories and horizontal wind fields are listed. It is found that separate statistical analysis of each hour-season pair, applying data on the time fraction of occurrence of peak winds and wind directions at KSC, will be necessary to interpret simulation results consistently.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets (ISSN 0022-4560); 20; July-Aug
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  • 40
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    The evolution of Tollmien-Schlichting waves near a leading edge (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The method of matched asymptotic expansions is used to study the generation of Tollmien-Schlichting waves by free-stream disturbances incident on a flat-plate boundary layer. Near the leading edge, the motion is governed by the unsteady boundary-layer equation, while farther downstream it is governed (to lowest order) by the Orr-Sommerfeld equation with slowly varying coefficients. It is shown that there is an overlap domain where the Tollmien-Schlichting wave solutions to the Orr-Sommerfeld equation and appropriate asymptotic solutions of the unsteady boundary-layer equation match, in the matched-asymptotic-expansion sense. The analysis explains how long-wavelength free-stream disturbances can generate Tollmien-Schlichting waves of much shorter wavelength. It also leads to a set of scaling laws for the asymptotic structure of the unsteady boundary layer.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Fluid Mechanics; 127; Feb. 198
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  • 41
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    Sparger system for MMH-helium vents (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Based on a calculated vent flow rate and MMH concentration, a TI-59 program was run to determine total sparger hole area for a given sparger inlet pressure. Hole diameter is determined from a mass transfer analysis in the holding tank to achieve complete capture of MMH. In addition, based on oxidation kinetics and vapor pressure data, MMh atmospheric concentrations are determined 2 ft above the holding tank.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: The 1983 NASA(ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Research Program Research Reports; 17 p
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  • 42
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    An analysis of cryotrap heat exchanger performance test data (400 area) and recommendations for a system to handle Apollo RCS engines (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The current arrangement of a Platecoil heat exchanger which uses LN2 on the inside of parallel tubes, in counter flow to the test cell engine exhaust gases which are drawn through a box surrounding the plates by the existing vacuum blowers is examined. As a result of inadequate performance and special test data it was decided to redesign the system to accommodate an Apollo RCS engine.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: The 1983 NASA(ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Research Program Research Reports; 15 p
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  • 43
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    Jet array impingement heat transfer characteristics (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Two dimensional arrays of circular air jets impinging on a heat transfer surface parallel to the jet orifice plate are considered. The jet flow, after impingement, is constrained to exit in a single direction along the channel formed by the jet orifice plate and the heat transfer surface. In addition to the crossflow which originates from the jets following impingement, an initial crossflow is present which approaches the array through an upstream extension of the channel. The configurations considered are intended to model the impingement cooled midchord region of gas turbine airfoils in cases where an initial crossflow is also present. A major objective is determination of the effect of initial crossflow air temperature relative to jet array air temperature on impingement surface heat fluxes.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Turbine Eng. Hot Sect. Technol. (HOST); p 117-128
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  • 44
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    Coolant passage heat transfer with rotation. A progress report on the computational aspects (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Turbine airfoils are subjected to increasingly higher heat loads which escalate the cooling requirements in order to satisfy life goals for the component materials. If turbine efficiency is to be maintained, however, cooling requirements should be as low as possible. To keep the quantity of cooling air bounded, a more efficient internal cooling scheme must be developed. One approach is to employ airfoils with multipass cooling passages that contain devices to augment internal heat transfer while limiting pressure drop. Design experience with multipass cooling passage airfoils has shown that a surplus of cooling air must be provided as a margin of safety. This increased cooling air leads to a performance penalty. Reliable methods for predicting the internal thermal and aerodynamic performance of multipass cooling passage airfoils would reduce or eliminate the need for the safety margin of surplus cooling air. The objective of the program is to develop and verify improved analytical methods that will form the basis for design technology which will result in efficient turbine components with improved durability without sacrificing performance. The objective will be met by: (1) establishing a comprehensive experimental data base that can form the basis of an empirical design system; (2) developing computational fluid dynamic techniques; and (3) analyzing the information in the data base with both phenomenological modeling and mathematical modeling to derive a suitable design and analysis procedure.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Turbine Eng. Hot Sect. Technol. (HOST); p 111-116
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  • 45
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    A Study of Accretion in Compact Sources: Disk Precession and Jet Helicity (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-11
    Description: The effect of adiabatic expansion on the propagation and growth of helical twisting on a supersonic jet is investigated. Cooling of the jet material increases the jet's Mach number and increases the jet's density relative to that of the external medium. This has the effect of decreasing the maximum rate of growth and increasing the maximally unstable wavelength relative to the jet's radius. Propagation effects cause the wavelength of helical waves to change at a rate different from that of the maximally unstable wavelength with the result that the characteristic wavelength of helical twisting is not equal to this wavelength. The most rapidly growing helical wave will have a wavelength as much as a factor of 2 different from the instantaneous maximally unstable wavelength.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Res. Rept.: 1983 NASA(ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; 39 p
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  • 46
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    A Numerical Investigation of the Multiple Vortex Phenomenon: Vortex Number and Structure as a Function of Swirl Ratio (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-12
    Description: A numerical investigation of the multiple vortex phenomenon (MVP) for tornado like flows is conducted to determine the conditions for when a vortex becomes unstable and divides into smaller subsidiary vortices, as well as to determine the structure of these vortices. A three dimensional numerical model developed by Rotunno (1983) is utilized which has been demonstrated to successfully simulate MVP with properties observed both in natural as well as laboratory tornado like vortices. The MVP is generated for several swirl ratio conditions in order to determine the number of vortices generated for those flow configurations. These results are then compared to experimental measurements to validate the numerical model. The number of vortices produced is consistent with observational results made in the Purdue tornado vortex chamber. Furthermore, horizontal and vertical cross sections are taken through the vortices to determine the structure of MVP. Preliminary results indicate that tangential velocities within these smaller asymmetric vortices increase by 20% over values observed in a single axisymmetric vortex at the same swirl ratio.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Alabama Univ. Res. Rept.: 1983 NASA(ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; 28 p
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  • 47
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    The influence of upstream conditions on flow reattachment lengths downstream of an abrupt circular channel expansion (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Biomechanics; 9; 1976
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  • 48
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    Steady accretion of a rotating fluid (1976)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The accretion of rotating gas on to a gravitating object is investigated by means of a perturbation to the spherically symmetrical flow. An expression is found for the correction to the accretion rate due to rotation of the gas in terms of the boundary conditions far from the object. In the case of accretion from a cloud with uniform angular velocity, the gas is accreted preferentially from a 'jet' near the axis of rotation. The angular-momentum distribution in the cloud can be altered by the propagation of inertia waves.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 208; Sept. 1
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  • 49
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    The International Heat Pipe Experiment (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The aims of the experiment are outlined. Flight experiments included in this program were provided by NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, ESA (European Space Agency), the German Ministry of Technology, Hughes Aircraft Company and NASA, Ames Research Center.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: ESA Heat Pipes; p 589-591
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  • 50
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    Performance characteristics of rotating wickless heat pipes (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A theoretical model was derived for laminar film condensation on the inside of a rotating, truncated cone which includes the effects of vapor shear and vapor pressure drop. Results are compared to those of previous investigations. Experimental data are presented for rotational speeds of 700, 1,400, 2,100, and 2,800 rpm using water, ethyl alcohol, and Freon 113 as working fluids. Agreement between theory and experiment is within + or - 20 percent.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: ESA Heat Pipes; p 281-291
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  • 51
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    Computation of turbulent flows (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The essential ingredients and the effectiveness of several levels of turbulent-flow partial differential equation models are considered. Zero-equation models use only the partial differential equation (pde) for the mean velocity field and do not employ turbulence pde's. One-equation models make use of an additional pde relating to the turbulence velocity scale. Attention is also given to two-equation models, stress-equation models, and large eddy simulations. Large-eddy simulations are concerned with a three-dimensional time-dependent numerical computation of the large-scale turbulence.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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  • 52
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    The low frequency sound from multipole sources in axisymmetric shear flows. II (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A previous analysis of the acoustic radiation from multipole sources is extended to include additional components of the dipole and quadrupole sources. It is found that, unlike the components of the sources considered in the previous paper, the exponent of the Doppler factor now depends on the location of the sources within the jet.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Fluid Mechanics; 75; May 13
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  • 53
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    Re-examination of compliant wall experiments in air with water substrates (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A possible alternative explanation is proposed for compliant wall drag reductions measured in previous investigations. Standing waves were observed to form on the surfaces of compliant wall models in air with water substrates as the freestream velocity was increased from 15 to 30 m/s. These waves resembled sine waves with half of the wave protruding over the upstream portion of the model and the other half being recessed over the downstream end of the model. These data coupled with results of recent drag reduction experiments suggest that standing waves could have caused a shift in the model center of gravity creating a bending moment that was interpreted as a reduction in the skin friction drag.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 13; Aug. 197
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  • 54
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    Laminar free convection over two-dimensional bodies with uniform surface heat flux (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A general analysis is presented of the steady nondissipative constant-property laminar boundary layer flow over a two-dimensional body of uniform surface heat flux situated in an infinite ambient fluid of undisturbed temperature. The analysis is then applied to a long horizontal circular cylinder. Numerical solutions to the universal functions associated with the first two terms in the derived series are given for Prandtl numbers 0.7, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10. The results are compared with those obtained by Koh (1964) whose method is patterned after the Blasius-Frossling procedure for forced convection flow. The study reveals that Wilks' (1972) analysis concerning the external natural convection about two-dimensional bodies with constant heat flux is in error.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Letters in Heat and Mass Transfer; 3; Jan
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  • 55
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    Fluid dynamic research at NASA-Ames Research Center related to transonic wind tunnel design and testing techniques (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-19
    Description: Fluid dynamic research with the objective of developing new and improved technology in both test facility concepts and test techniques is being reported. A summary of efforts and results thus far obtained in four areas is presented. The four area are: (1) the use of heavy gases to obtain high Reynolds numbers at transonic speeds: (2) high Reynolds number tests of the C-141A wing configuration; (3) performance and flow quality of the pilot injector driven wind tunnel; and (4) integration time required to extract accurate static and dynamic data from tests in transonic wind tunnels. Some of the principal conclusions relative to each of the four areas are: (1) Initial attempts to apply analytical corrections to test results using gases with gamma other than 1.4 to simulate conditions in air show promise but need significant improvement; (2) for the C-141A configuration, no Reynolds number less than the full scale flight value provides an accurate simulation of the full scale flow; (3) high ratios of tunnel mass flow rate to injection mass flow rate and high flow quality can be obtained in an injector driven transonic wind tunnel; and (4) integration times of 0.5 to 1.0 sec may be required for static force and pressure tests, respectively, at some transonic test conditions in order to obtain the required data accuracy.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AGARD Wind Tunnel Design and Testing Tech.; 8 p
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    A comparative study of time-marching and space-marching numerical methods (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Menees (1981) has conducted an evaluation of three different flowfield codes for the Jupiter entry conditions. However, a comparison of the codes has been made difficult by the fact that the three codes use different solution procedures, different computational mesh sizes, and a different convergence criterion. There are also other differences. For an objective evaluation of the different numerical solution methods employed by the codes, it would be desirable to select a simple no-blowing perfect-gas flowfield case for which the turbulent models are well established. The present investigation is concerned with the results of such a study. It is found that the choice of the numerical method is rather problem dependent. The time-marching and the space-marching method provide both comparable results if care is taken in selecting the appropriate mesh size near the body surface.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA Journal; 21; Jan. 198
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  • 57
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    On the structure of wall-bounded turbulent flows (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The variable-interval time-averaging (VITA) technique developed by Blackwelder and Kaplan is applied to data obtained from large-eddy simulation of turbulent channel flow in an investigation of the organized structures associated with the bursting phenomenon in the near-wall region. Conditionally averaged velocities, shear stress, pressure, and vorticity are discussed in conjunction with the bursting phenomenon detected by the VITA technique. The conditionally averaged pressure reveals that the ejection process is associated with a localized adverse pressure gradient. In the plane perpendicular to the flow direction, the conditionally averaged vorticity field indicates that a pair of counterrotating streamwise vorticity is being lifted through the ejection process. Previously announced in STAR as N83-17832.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Physics of Fluids (ISSN 0031-9171); 26; Aug. 198
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    Coherent structures - Reality and myth (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Large-scale coherent structures (CS) in turbulent shear flows are characterized, reviewing recent theoretical and experimental investigations. The use of computers as a research tool and the flow-visualization experimental technique are introduced, CS are defined, the history of their discovery is traced, and their main characteristics are listed. Topics discussed and illustrated include the initial condition of the free shear layer, triple and double decomposition, topological features of CS, detection and eduction of CS, phase alignment via cross correlation, induced versus natural structures, the bursting phenomenon, turbulent spot, streaks, bursting frequency, the axisymmetric mixing layer, vortex pairing in an axisymmetric jet, CS and jet noise, broadband noise amplification via pure-tone excitation, CS interaction in a plane-jet near field, the Taylor hypothesis applied to CS, negative production, and the validity of the Reynolds-number similarity hypothesis. It is found that the coherent Reynolds stress, vorticity, and production are not much greater than the time-averaged values for fully developed flows with significant incoherent turbulence, suggesting that the importance of CS may have been exaggerated in some recent studies.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Physics of Fluids (ISSN 0031-9171); 26; 2816-285
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    Stagnation-point ablation of carbonaceous flat disks. I Theory (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The process of ablation is calculated for the stagnation region of a flat disk in a radiation-dominated, massive-blowing environment produced in a ballistic range filled with argon. Flow environments are determined by solving the boundary-layer equations while radiative transfer is calculated through a line-by-line spectral computation. The resulting wall heat-transfer rates are coupled with an existing material's response code to determine surface recession and char thickness. The calculation is performed for six 5-cm-diam models made of carbon-phenolic and carbon-carbon composite launched in the Track-G facility at the Arnold Engineering Development Center. Significant surface recessions are predicted to occur for these models due mostly to radiative heating.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 21; 1588-159
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    A spectral numerical method for the Navier-Stokes equations with applications to Taylor-Couette flow (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A new spectral method for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in a plane channel and between concentric cylinders is presented. The method uses spectral expansions which inherently satisfy the boundary conditions and the continuity equation and yield banded matrices which are efficiently solved at each time step. In addition, the number of dependent variables is reduced, resulting in a reduction in computer memory requirements. Several test problems have been computed for the channel flow and for flow between concentric cylinders, including Taylor-Couette flow with axisymmetric Taylor vortices and wavy vortices. In all cases, agreement with available experimental and theoretical results is very good.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Computational Physics (ISSN 0021-9991); 52; 524-544
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    Numerical computation of transonic flow governed by the full-potential equation (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Basic concepts associated with the numerical solution of elliptic partial differential equations are introduced, and procedures used to solve the full potential equation for transonic flow fields are discussed. Governing equations, classical relaxation schemes and concepts regarding transonic, full potential equation algorithms are covered. The equation transformation and grid generation procedures; full potential spatial differencing schemes; full potential iteration schemes, emphasizing convergence acceleration; and three dimensional applications are presented.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Von Karman Inst. for Fluid Dynamics Computational Fluid Dyn., Vol. 2; 110 p
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    A modified Dodge algorithm for the parabolized Navier-Stokes equations and compressible duct flows (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A revised version of Dodge's split-velocity method for numerical calculation of compressible duct flow has been developed. The revision incorporates balancing of massflow rates on each marching step in order to maintain front-to-back continuity during the calculation. Qualitative agreement with analytical predictions and experimental results has been obtained for some flows with well-known solutions.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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    Boundary conditions for the solution of compressible Navier-Stokes equations by an implicit factored method (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A method is presented for formulating the boundary conditions in implicit finite-difference form needed for obtaining solutions to the compressible Navier-Stokes equations by the Beam and Warming implicit factored method. The usefulness of the method was demonstrated (a) by establishing the boundary conditions applicable to the analysis of the flow inside an axisymmetric piston-cylinder configuration and (b) by calculating velocities and mass fractions inside the cylinder for different geometries and different operating conditions. Stability, selection of time step and grid sizes, and computer time requirements are discussed in reference to the piston-cylinder problem analyzed.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Computational Physics (ISSN 0021-9991); 52; 54-79
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    Computation of transonic viscous-inviscid interacting flow (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Transonic viscous-inviscid interaction is considered using the Euler and inverse compressible turbulent boundary-layer equations. Certain improvements in the inverse boundary-layer method are mentioned, along with experiences in using various Runge-Kutta schemes to solve the Euler equations. Numerical conditions imposed on the Euler equations at a surface for viscous-inviscid interaction using the method of equivalent sources are developed, and numerical solutions are presented and compared with experimental data to illustrate essential points. Previously announced in STAR N83-17829
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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    Application of the alternating direction implicit method to the computation of time-dependent compressible convective flows (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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  • 66
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    Aspects of a penalty finite element algorithm for the turbulent three-dimensional parabolic Navier-Stokes equations (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The formal derivation of the three-dimensional parabolic Navier-Stokes equations for subsonic turbulent flow is reviewed. A penalty finite element algorithm is established for numerical solution of the sixteen dependent variable system. Key numerical results are summarized documenting applications in various problem definitions.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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    Finite element computational fluid mechanics (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Finite element analysis as applied to the broad spectrum of computational fluid mechanics is analyzed. The finite element solution methodology is derived, developed, and applied directly to the differential equation systems governing classes of problems in fluid mechanics. The heat conduction equation is used to reveal the essence and elegance of finite element theory, including higher order accuracy and convergence. The algorithm is extended to the pervasive nonlinearity of the Navier-Stokes equations. A specific fluid mechanics problem class is analyzed with an even mix of theory and applications, including turbulence closure and the solution of turbulent flows.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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    Morphological and convective instabilities during solidification (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Linear stability theory is employed in the present analysis of flow stability between two vertical, infinite, rigid coaxial cylinders at different temperatures. These calculations have been prompted by, and are found to be in general agreement with, experiments on succinonitrile. A long, vertical cylinder sample of this material was heated so that a vertical melt annulus formed between the coaxial heater and the surrounding crystal/melt interface. Above a critical Grashof number of about 200, a helical crystal/melt interface formed which steadily rotated about the cylinder axis and whose wave speed was several orders of magnitude lower than the base flow velocity.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: (ISSN 0273-1177)
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    Mode propagation in nonuniform circular ducts with potential flow (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 07, p. 969, Accession no. A82-20290
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: (ISSN 0001-1452)
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    The evolution of Tollmien-Schlichting waves near a leading edge. II - Numerical determination of amplitudes (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: In the first part of this investigation, Goldstein (1983) has shown that the amplitude of the spatially growing Tollmien-Schlichting wave generated by a time-harmonic free-stream disturbance is related to the coefficient multiplying the lowest-order asymptotic eigensolution of the unsteady boundary-layer equation. In the present study, a numerical solution of the unsteady boundary-layer equation is used to relate the amplitude of the asymptotic eigensolution, and consequently of the Tollmien-Schlichting wave, to that of the imposed free-stream disturbance for the special case of a uniformly pulsating stream. It is pointed out that the ideas of this study can be extended to other, more complex bodies and free-stream oscillations.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Fluid Mechanics (ISSN 0022-1120); 129; April 19
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  • 71
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    Impingement of an oblique shock wave on a cylinder (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 06, p. 859, Accession no. A82-17739
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: (ISSN 0022-4560)
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    Riblets as a viscous drag reduction technique (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously cited in issue 06, p. 860, Accession no. A82-17819)
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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    Formation of turbulence around flow singularities (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The formation of turbulence around singular points of a flow such as stagnation points, tangential jumps of velocity, are analyzed. It is proved that turbulence is inevitably generated by the rear stagnation point, but cannot be generated by the nose stagnation point of a streamlined body. Special attention is paid to an evolution of turbulence induced by a tangential jump of velocity. A qualitative analysis of a turbulent flow between two rotating concentric cylinders and around a streamlined cylinder is given.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Acta Mechanica; 46; 1-4,; 1983
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    A new explicit method for the numerical solution of parabolic differential equations (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A new method is derived for solving parabolic partial differential equations arising in transient heat conduction or in boundary-layer flows. The method is based on a combination of the modified differential quadrature (MDQ) method with the rational Runge-Kutta time-integration scheme. It is fully explicit, requires no matrix inversion, and is stable for any time-step for the heat equations. Burgers equation and the one- and two-dimensional heat equations are solved to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. The present method is found to be very accurate and efficient when results are compared with analytic solutions.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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    Turbulence modeling of flowfields with massive surface ablation (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 08, p. 1213, Accession no. A82-22064
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets (ISSN 0022-4650); 20; 531-538
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    An eigenvalue method for solving transient heat conduction problems (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The eigenvalue method, which has been used by researchers in structure mechanics, is applied to problems in heat conduction. Its formulation is decribed in terms of an examination of transient heat conduction in a square slab. Taking advantage of the availability of the exact solution, we compare the accuracy and other numerical properties of the eigenvalue method with those of existing numerical schemes. The comparsion shows that, overall, the eigenvalue method appears to be fairly attractive. Furthermore, only a few dominant eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenvectors need to be computed and retained to yield reasonably high accuracy. Greater savings are attained in the computation time for a transient problem with long time duration and a large computational domain.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Numerical Heat Transfer (ISSN 0149-5720); 6; 409-422
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  • 77
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    LU methods for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, Theoretical Aerodynamics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 1; p 347-36
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    Finite element algorithms for incompressible viscous flows (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Theoretical Aerodynamics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 1; p 317-328
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    Computational results using high resolution upwind schemes for the Euler equations (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, Theoretical Aerodynamics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 1; p 223-26
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    High resolution schemes for Euler equations (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, Theoretical Aerodynamics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 1; p 197-22
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    Stream function formulation for the Euler equations (1983)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, Theoretical Aerodyanmics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 1; p 169-18
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  • 82
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    Application of variational methods for generating adaptive grids (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, Theoretical Aerodynamics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 2; p 689-71
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  • 83
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    Cartesian grid finite-volume method for Euler equations (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, Theoretical Aerodynamics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 1; p 261-27
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  • 84
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    Numerical algorithms for transonic inviscid flow simulation (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, Theoretical Aerodynamics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 1; p 109-16
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    Nonparametric solution of Euler equations for steady flow (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, Theoretical Aerodynamics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 1; p 9-15
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    Accelerated solution methods for the Euler equations (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, Theoretical Aerodynamics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 1; p 17-107
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    Design and implementation of a multigrid code for the Euler equations (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The steady-state equations of inviscid fluid flow, the Euler equations, are a nonlinear nonelliptic system of equations admitting solutions with discontinuities (for example, shocks). The efficient numerical solution of these equations poses a strenuous challenge to multigrid methods. A multigrid code has been developed for the numerical solution of the Euler equations. In this paper some of the factors that had to be taken into account in the design and development of the code are reviewed. These factors include the importance of choosing an appropriate difference scheme, the usefulness of local mode analysis as a design tool, and the crucial question of how to treat the nonlinearity. Sample calculations of transonic flow about airfoils will be presented. No claim is made that the particular algorithm presented is optimal.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Applied Mathematics and Computation (ISSN 0096-3003); 13; 357-374
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  • 88
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    Steady normal shock wave solution tables of parahydrogen for total temperatures from 30 K to 290 K and for total pressure from 1 ATM to 10 ATM (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The steady normal shock wave solutions of parahydrogen at various total pressures and total temperatures were numerically determined by iterating the upstream Mach number and by using a modified interval halving technique. The results obtained are compared with the ideal diatomic gas values and are presented in tabulated form.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA-TM-X-73899
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    Gas-side heat transfer with rotation (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The primary basis for heat transfer analysis of turbine blades is experimental data obtained in linear cascades. These data have been very valuable in identifying the major heat transfer and fluid flow features of a turbine airfoil. The question of major interest is how well all of these data translate to the rotating turbine blade. It is known from the work of Lokay and Trushin that average heat transfer coefficients on the rotor may be as much as 40 percent above the values measured on the same blades nonrotating. Recent work by Dunn and Holt supports the Russian conclusion. What is lacking is a set of data from a rotating system which is of sufficient detail as to make careful local comparisons between static system in which there is sufficient documentation of the flow field to support the computer analyses being developed today. A second major question is the influence, if any, of the first stator row on the heat transfer of the second stator row after the flow has passed through the rotor. An objective of the present program, is to obtain a detailed set of heat transfer coefficients along the midspan of a blade in a rotating turbine.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Turbine Eng. Hot Sect. Technol. (HOST); p 107-109
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    Turbine heat transfer (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Improved turbine durability and performance and reduced development cost will all result from impoved methods of predicting turbine metal temperatures. Better metal temperature prediction methods require improvements in the methods of predicting the hot gas flow over the turbine airfoils and the cooling air flow inside the airfoil and in the methods of predicting the heat transfer rates on both the hot gas side and coolant side of the airfoil. The overall HOST Turbine Heat Transfer effort is directed at improving all four of these areas of concern.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Turbine Eng. Hot Sect. Technol. (HOST); p 73-77
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    An intercomparison of NEL and DHL water flow facilities using a twin orifice plate flowmeter assembly (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: A 205 mm transfer standard orifice plate meter assembly, consisting of two orifice plates in series separated by a length of pipe containing a flow straightener, was calibrated in two water flow facilities. Results show that the agreement in the characteristics of such a differential pressure transfer standard package is within 0.17% over a 10:1 range from flow rates of approximately 8 to 80 l/sec. When the range over which the comparison was made was limited to that for which the calibration graphs gave straight lines, the agreement is 0.1% in 3 of the 4 calibrations (0.17% in the fourth).
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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    Oscillations and stability of numerical solutions of the heat conduction equation (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2017-06-24
    Description: The mathematical model and results of numerical solutions are given for the one dimensional problem when the linear equations are written in a rectangular coordinate system. All the computations are easily realizable for two and three dimensional problems when the equations are written in any coordinate system. Explicit and implicit schemes are shown in tabular form for stability and oscillations criteria; the initial temperature distribution is considered uniform.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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    Hypersonic heat-transfer and transition correlations for a roughened shuttle orbiter (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The effect of roughness on the heat transfer distributions and the transition criteria for the windward pitch plane of the shuttle orbiter at an angle of attack of 30 deg was studied using data obtained in hypersonic wind tunnels. The heat transfer distributions and the transition locations for the roughened models were compared with the corresponding data for smooth models. The data were correlated using theoretical solutions for a nonsimilar, laminar boundary layer subject to two different flow field models for the orbiter.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: an. In Eng. Sci., Vol. 4; p 1615-1627
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    Stability of a viscous fluid in a rectangular cavity in the presence of a magnetic field (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The stability of an electrically conducting fluid subjected to two dimensional disturbance was investigated. A physical system consisting of two parallel infinite vertical plates which are thermally insulated was studied. An external magnetic field of constant strength was applied to normal plates. The fluid was heated from below so that a steady temperature gradient was maintained in the fluid. The governing equations were derived by perturbation technique, and solutions were obtained by a modified Galerkin method. It was found that the presence of the magnetic field increases the stability of the physical system and instability can occur in the form of neutral or oscillatory instability.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Advan. in Eng. Sci., Vol. 4; p 1509-1519
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    Stability of flow of a thermoviscoelastic fluid between rotating coaxial circular cylinders (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The stability problem of thermoviscoelastic fluid flow between rotating coaxial cylinders is investigated using nonlinear thermoviscoelastic constitutive equations due to Eringen and Koh. The velocity field is found to be identical with that of the classical viscous case and the case of the viscoelastic fluid, but the temperature and pressure fields are found to be different. By imposing some physically reasonable mechanical and geometrical restrictions on the flow, and by a suitable mathematical analysis, the problem is reduced to a characteristic value problem. The resulting problem is solved and stability criteria are obtained in terms of critical Taylor numbers. In general, it is found that thermoviscoelastic fluids are more stable than classical viscous fluids and viscoinelastic fluids under similar conditions.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Advan. in Eng. Sci., Vol. 4; p 1505-1507
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    The lift force on a drop in unbounded plane Poiseuille flow (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The lift force on a deformable liquid sphere moving in steady, plane Poiseuille-Stokes flow and subjected to an external body force is calculated. The results are obtained by seeking a solution to Stokes' equations for the motion of the liquids inside and outside the slightly perturbed sphere surface, as expansions valid for small values of the ratio of the Weber number to the Reynolds number. When the ratio of the drop and external fluid viscosities is small, the lift exerted on a neutrally buoyant drop is found to be approximately one-tenth of the magnitude of the force reported by Wohl and Rubinow acting on the same drop in unbounded Poiseuille flow in a tube. The resultant trajectory of the drop is calculated and displayed as a function of the external body force.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Advan. in Eng. Sci., Vol. 4; p 1493-1504
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    Calculation of a separated turbulent boundary layer (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The properties of a Navier-Stokes solution of a shock-separated turbulent flow over a flat wall are investigated. Refinements of an algebraic relaxation turbulence model previously shown to be of value for the simulation of separated flows are presented. A simplified analysis applicable near an adiabatic wall is developed and used to help verify the accuracy of the numerical solution. Features of the time-dependent response of a turbulent boundary layer to shock impingement are presented.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Advan. in Eng. Sci., Vol. 4; p 1483-1492
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    The relative merits of several numerical techniques for solving the compressible Navier-Stokes equations (1976)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Four explicit finite difference techniques designed to solve the time-dependent, compressible Navier Stokes equations are compared. These techniques are: (1) MacCormack, (2) modified Du Fort-Frankel, (3) modified hopscotch, and (4) Brailovskaya. The comparison was made numerically by solving the quasi-one dimensional Navier Stokes equations for the flow in a converging-diverging nozzle. Solutions with and without standing normal shock waves were computed for unit Reynolds numbers (based on total conditions) ranging from 45374 to 2269. The results indicate that all four techniques are comparable in accuracy; however, the modified hopscotch scheme is two to three times faster than the Brailovskaya and MacCormack schemes and three to six times faster than the modified Du Fort-Frankel scheme.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Advan. in Eng. Sci., Vol. 4; p 1467-1481
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    Flux-corrected transport techniques for transient calculations of strongly shocked flows (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: New flux-corrected transport algorithms are described for solving generalized continuity equations. These techniques were developed by requiring that the finite difference formulas used ensure positivity for an initially positive convected quantity. Thus FCT is particularly valuable for fluid-like problems with strong gradients or shocks. Repeated application of the same subroutine to mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations gives a simple solution of the coupled time-dependent equations of ideal compressible fluid dynamics without introducing an artificial viscosity. FCT algorithms span Eulerian, sliding-rezone, and Lagrangian finite difference grids in several coordinate systems. The latest FCT techniques are fully vectorized for parallel/pipeline processing.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Advan. in Eng. Sci., Vol. 4; p 1291-1300
    Format: application/pdf
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    The dc arc characteristics in subsonic orifice nozzle flow (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The cold air flow field for a 1/27 cm orifice nozzle was determined for subsonic flow velocities. In addition, d.c. arc voltage, current, and diameter measurements were made for a range of velocities and arc gaps. Average voltage gradients increased rapidly as an arc extinguishing velocity was approached. Measured values of current and diameter were used as an input for relaxation solution of an energy balance equation to compute radial temperature profiles. Calculated arc voltage gradients compare favorably with measured average voltage gradients.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Advan. in Eng. Sci., Vol. 3; p 1247-1264
    Format: text
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