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  • General Chemistry  (865)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (346)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (1,403)
  • 1970  (1,403)
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  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (1,403)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970) 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: When as many as four vicinal couplings occur between four protons situated on three carbon atoms of a cyclobutane ring, one can employ the Karplus relation to assign the configuration of substituents at the remaining positions and make some inferences about the stereochemistry. Four examples are described; the spectra and data are analyzed.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The conformational free energies of CN, Cl and COOC2H5 substituents have been evaluated from the PMR spectra of 4-substituted 3,3,6,6-d4-cyclohexene.The PMR spectra of trans-1,2-dicyano-3,3,6,6-d4-cyclohexane permit the conformational equilibrium (in different solvents) and the gauche diequatorial interaction energy between the two CN substituents to be estimated.
    Notes: Les enthalpies libres conformationnelles des substituants CN, Cl et COOC2H5 ont été évaluées à partir de l'étude des spectres RMN des cyclohexènes (D4-3,3,6,6) monosubstitués en 4.Les spectres RMN du dicyano-1,2cyclohexane (D4-3,3,6,6)trans ont permis une estimation de l'équilibre conformationnel (dans différents solvants) ainsi que de l'énergie d'interaction gauche diéquatoriale entre les deux groupements CN.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The temperature dependence of the NMR spectrum of 5,5-dimethyl-3,7-dithia-1,2-benzocyclo-heptene-(1) is described and discussed. This compound occurs in two conformers with different topographies of the seven membered ring. From the chemical shift of the 2 geminal methyl groups (obtained by low-temperature spectra) it can be shown that the ring occurs in one case in the chair form and in the other case in the twist form. The free conformational energy of the twist form is only about 20 cal/mole. Two conformational changes can be distinguished: the conversion between chair and twist forms and the pseudorotation of the twist forms. The free activation enthalpies of the conversion (ΔGV≠) and the pseudorotation (ΔGP≠) are 12·6 ± 0·1 Kcal/mole (at -12°C) and 8·3 ± 0·3 Kcal/mole (at -95°C) respectively.
    Notes: Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Protonenresonanzen (PR) des 5.5-Dimethyl-3.7-dithia-1.2-benzocycloheptens-(1) wird beschrieben und diskutiert. Diese Verbindung liegt in zwei Konformeren mit unterschiedlicher Topographie des Siebenringes vor. Anhand der den Tieftemperatur-spektren entnommenen Werten der chemischen Verschiebung der Signale geminaler Methylgruppen wird gezeigt, daß der Siebenring bei einem dieser Konformeren Sessel-, beim anderen Twistform hat. Die freie Konformationsenthalpie des Twistkonformeren beträgt nur etwa 20 cal/Mol. Zwei konformative Umwandlungsprozesse können kinetisch verfolgt werden: Die Version zwischen Sessel- und Twist-Konformationen und die Pseudorotation der Twist-Konformationen. Die freie Aktivierungsenthalpie ΔGv≠ der Version berträgt 12,6 ± 0,1 kcal/Mol(bei - 12°C), die freie Aktivierungsenthalpie ΔGP≠ der Pseudorotation 8.3 ± 0.3 kcal/Mol (bei -95°C).
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 49-53 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Magnetic non-equivalence of methylenic protons in compounds of the type HO2CCH2SR′ and RO2CCH2SR′ were studies and the influence of substitution discussed. Furthermore, it was found that the methylene geminal coupling constant, JAB, is almost independent of the constitution of the compounds and the solvents used. A variation of the magnetic non-equivalence, Δv, of the methylenic protons with the constitution of the compounds and the solvents used is, however, observed.
    Notes: Die magnetische Nichtäquivalenz der Methylenprotonen in den Verbindungen HO2CCH2SR′ und RO2CCH2SR′ wurde untersucht und die Einwirkung der Substituenten auf die geminalen Kopplungskonstanten JAB diskitiert. Es zeigte sich, dass die geminalen Kopplungskonstanten der Methylenprotonen fast unabhängig von der Konstitution der Verbindugen und den verwendeten Lösungsmitteln waren. Die magnetische Nichtäquivalenz der Methylenprotonen war sowohl von der Konstitution wie vom Lösungsmittel abhängig.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: NMR spectroscopy has been used to investigate the ring inversions of the unsaturated seven membered ring system in a total of 20 benzocycloheptene derivatives with 1, 2 and 3 pairs of geminal substituents. For all compounds the inversion of the ring at - 80°C is ‘frozen’ and at this temperature only one conformation is present in detectable quantity, presumably that of the chair form.The free activation enthalpies ΔG≠ for the chair inversions lie between 9·9 and 13·7 kcal/mole. For disubstituted and tetrasubstituted benzocycloheptenes the ΔG≠ values vary according to the positions of the ligands: for disubstituted derivatives ΔG≠ is largest for the 5-position and smallest for the 3-position. For the tetrasubstituted derivatives the inversion of the ring - compared to that in the comparable dimethyl derivatives - is made more difficult when the ligands are in the 3,6- or 3,7- positions, but is facilitated when in the 3,5- or 4,6- positions. The effect observed in the 3,5- and 4,6- substituted rings is due to transanular repulsion of synaxial substituents, which leads to a flattening of the ring. Such a repulsion does not occur when the ligands are in the 3,6- positions. On the other hand, when the ligands are in 3,7- positions the transanular repulsion leads to a stronger puckering of the chair; the inversion could be hindered by this.For benzocycloheptene the activation energies for the inversions between chair, boat and twist (S, W, T) conformations were determined from model calculations. The best route for the inversion of the chair is the version way S → W via the transitional conformation V45 and V56. The calculated activation energy for this (14·6 kcal/mole) agrees well with the experimentally determined value (13 ± 1·5 kcal/mole). For the pseudorotation W → T a slightly lower calculated value of 11·1 kcal/mole was found.
    Notes: Bei insgesamt 20 Benzocycloheptenderivaten mit 1, 2 und 3 Paaren geminaler Substituenten wurden die konformativen Umwandlungen des ungesättigten Siebenringes PR-spektroskopisch untersucht.Bei allen Verbindungen ist das Umklappen des Ringes bei - 80°C ‘eingefroren.’ In nachweisbarer Menge liegt bei dieser Temperatur in allen Fällen nur ein Konformeres vor, vermutlich dasjenige mit der Sesselform des Siebenringes.Die Werte der freien Aktivierungsenthalpie ΔG≠ der Sesselinversion liegen zwischen 9,9 und 13,7 kcal/Mol. Bei di- und tetrasubstituierten Benzocycloheptenen hängt der ΔG≠-Wert von der Stellung der Liganden ab: Bei den disubstituierten Derivaten ist ΔG≠ am größten bei 5- Stellung und am kleinsten bei 3- Stellung der Substituenten. Bei den tetrasubstituierten Derivaten ist das Umklappen des Ringes im Verhältnis zu den vergleichbaren Dimethylverbindungen erschwert, wenn die Ligandenpaare in 3,6- oder 3,7- Stellung stehen, jedoch erleichtert, wenn sie in 3,5- oder 4,6- Stellung angeordnet sind. Der bei 3,5- bzw. 4,6- Stellung der Ligandenpaare beobachtete Effekt wird auf die transanulare Abstoßung synaxialer Substituenten zurückgeführt, durch die der Cycloheptensessel abgeflacht wird. Eine solche Abstoßung fehlt bei 3,6-Stellung der Liganden. Bei den Verbindungen mit 3,7-ständigen Liganden führt die trans-anulare Abstoßung hingegen zu stärkerer Wellung (puckering) des Sessels; das Umklappen könnte dadurch erschwert sein.Für Benzocyclohepten wurden die für die gegenseitige Umwandlung von Sessel-, Wannen- und Twist-Konformeren (S, W und T) erforderlichen Werte der Aktivierungsenergie durch Modellrechnungen ermittelt. Günstigster Weg für das Umklappen des Sessels ist der Versionsweg S→W über die Übeergangskonformationen V56. Die hierfür berechnete Aktivierungsenergie (14,6 kcal/Mol) stimmt mit der experimentell ermittelten (13 ± 1,5 kcal/Mol) gut überein. Für die Aktivierungsenergie der Pseudorotation W → T wurde mit 11,1 kcal/Mol ein nur wenig neidrigerer Wert berechnet.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the basis of NMR spectra of trans- and cis-2-alkoxy-5,6-α-pyran-6-carboxylic esters it was found that, at room temperature, the trans-compounds exist exclusively in the conformation with equatorial carbalkoxy and pseudoaxial alkoxy groups. The cis-isomers appear to be in conformational equilibrium between a form with equatorial carbalkoxy and pseudoequatorial alkoxy groups and that with axial and pseudoaxial substituents. In the latter case, the axial carbalkoxy group is bent out off its normal position by about 15°.
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  • 8
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 63-69 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An approximate procedure for the calculation of diamagnetic shielding in molecules is presented. The method proposed is based on the ‘complete neglect of differential overlap’ (CNDO) molecular wave functions and is formulated according to the zero differential overlap (ZDO) approximation. The results obtained with several CNDO-type wave functions for diatomic and polyatomic molecules are in very good agreement with non-empirical SCF calculations. The 14N diamagnetic shielding constants in several molecules were computed and some approximations usually adopted in the interpretation of 14N chemical shifts are critically discussed. It was shown that in some cases the observed 14N chemical shifts cannot be interpreted solely in terms of the paramagnetic contribution to the shielding constant.
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  • 9
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 79-79 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 10
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 71-78 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Interpretation of the NMR spectra of the isomeric 2-cyano-2-alkyl-5-norbornenes allowed the assignment of their respective structures. In the case of the 2-cyano-2-methyl-5-norbornene the structure assignment was confirmed by chemical synthesis (alkaline hydrolysis and iodo-lactonisation).
    Notes: L'attribution de structure des deux isomères cyano-2 alcoyl-2 norbornène-5 est possible grǎce aux données de la RMN. Une interprétation des spectres de ces dérivés bicycliques set donnée. Dans le cas des cyano-2 méthyl-2 norbornènes-5 une confirmation de structure a pu ětre donnée par voie chimique (hydrolyse basique et iodolactonisation).
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  • 11
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970) 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 12
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 81-89 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Analysis of the proton NMR spectra of Pr1PCINMe2 indicates magnetic non-equivalence of the methyl groups due to the adjacent asymmetric phosphorus atom. High temperatures, or the addition of chloride ion, induce an exchange reaction with inversion of configuration at phosphorus. The corresponding fluoride is configurationally stable at high temperatures. The compounds CICH2PXNR2 (X = Cl, F; R = Me, Et) have non-equivalent protons in the chloromethyl group. The two HCP coupling constants in the chlorides of this series are of opposite sign, whereas in the fluorides they are of the same sign.
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  • 13
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 109-121 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Carbon-13 spectra of 59 α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids have been measured. Large differential shieldings of ethylenic carbons in the cis and trans isomers of acrylic acid derivatives were found (altogether 15 isomeric Z- and E-pairs of acids were investigated). The origin of differential shieldings is complex and both molecular ground states as well as changes in excited states appear to be involved. All measured 13C chemical shifts can be described by additive parameters that provide a straightforward new technique by which structural assignments can be made for a wide variety of isomeric mono-, di- and tri- substituted α,β-unsaturated acids.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Nitrogen in version rate of an amine may be brought to within the NMR time-scale by use of an acidic medium of variable pH, in which it is almost completely prevented through protonation. Rigorous equations are derived for computing this rate from the mean lifetime of the ammonium cation determined by NMR spectroscopy. The validity of Saunders and Yamada's approximate formula is discussed: the protonation rate of the amine must be far larger than its nitrogen inversion rate, while the rate at which the salt loses its acidic proton is immaterial. If in version occurs between two different isomers, the equilibrium ratio of the isomeric cations is also derived.
    Notes: L'inversion de l'azote pyramidal d'une amine peut ětre ralentie, de manière calculable, par une protonation presque totale dans un milieu d'acidité variable. Un traitement théorique complet permet de calculer sa vitesse à partir de la durée de vie moyenne du sel d'ammonium déterminée par résonance magnétique nucléaire. On peut ainsi fixer les conditions de validité de la formule approchée de Saunders et Yamada: la vitesse de protonation de l'amine doit ětre largement supérieure à la vitesse d'inversion; la vitesse de déprotonation du sel d'ammonium peut, par contre, ětre quelconque. Au cas où l'in version se produit entre deux molécules isomères différentes, ce traitement fournit également le rapport, à l'équilibre, des concentrations des sels isomères correspondants.
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  • 15
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 123-129 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The PMR spectrum of trisformamidomethane in dimethyl sulphoxide-d6 and hexamethyl-phosphortriamide has been explained by postulating four major structures in solution: two rotamers and two structural isomers, all of which are stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonding to form six membered rings. The spectrum in trifluoroacetic acid is also described.
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  • 16
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 131-139 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dipeptides of different amino acids have been studied by NMR in aqueous solutions at different pH values. The results obtained are discussed in terms of the different contributions to the chemical shift of the α-CH protons.
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  • 17
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 173-177 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 1H magnetic resonance spectrum of the title compound has been completely analysed, using 60, 100 and 220 MHz spectrometers. The values of the chemical shifts and coupling constants obtained confirm the proposed structure and also provide information on the conformation. The molecule is slightly boat-shaped.
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  • 18
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 159-164 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: PMR spectral parameters are reported for the isomeric trithienyl carbonium ions. The low field shifts, relative to the corresponding carbinols, are discussed in relation to the delocalization of the positive charge into the thiophene ring bonded in position 2 or 3. A linear correlation is found between chemical shifts and π-charge densities and the proportionality constant is higher than that previously found for benzene derivatives. Vicinal coupling constants in these systems are satisfactorily in agreement with the corresponding calculated π-bond order.
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  • 19
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 141-157 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: In phosphinous esters of general formula R—PH(O)OR', the asymmetric phosphorus atom induces magnetic non-equivalence in geminal protons and methyl groups. When alkoxy groups also possess an asymmetric carbon, the presence of the two possible diastereoisomers in equal amounts is proven by 31P and 1H NMR.31P NMR reveals that the phosphorus atom in phosphonous esters R—P(O·C4H9-s)2 of racemic sec. butyl alcohol, is a centre of pseudo-asymmetry.
    Notes: Dans les phosphinates d'alcoyle R—PH(O)OR′, la présence de l'atome de phosphore asymétrique induit des inéquivalences magnétiques au niveau de protons ou groupes méthyles géminés. Si le reste alcoxy OR' comporte lui aussi un atome de carbone asymétrique, la résonance magnétique de 31P et de 1H, permet de mettre en évidence la formation des deux diastéréoisoméres attendus, en proportions égales.Par ailleurs, la résonance magnétique de 31P révèle le caractère de centre de pseudo-asymétrie de l'atome de phosphore dans les esters phosphoneux de l'alcool butylique secondaire.
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  • 20
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 165-172 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Proton magnetic resonance spectra of a series of alkyl(oxinato)tin(IV) complexes, alkyl(oxinato)thallium(III), dimethylbis(oxinato)lead(IV), 8-methoxyquinoline, 2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline and 8-hydroxyquinoline were studied. The indirect spin-spin coupling constants J23, J34 and J24 of the oxinato ligand in the alkyl(oxinato)tin(IV) complexes and of 8-methoxyquinoline were found to be 4.4 ± 0.2, 8.3 ± 0.2 and 1.7 ± 0.2 Hz, respectively. When the interaction between tin and nitrogen in the oxinato ligand is not strong as in trialkyl(oxinato)tin(IV), the resonance of the 2-proton of the ligand shifts to high magnetic field relative to that of 8-methoxyquinoline, but in the case of the strong interaction, as in dimethyl(oxinato)halogenotin(IV), the resonance is shifted to low magnetic field. The 4-proton signals, however, shift monotonously to low magnetic field with increasing interaction. The behaviour of the 2-proton signals was explained by a paramagnetic anisotropic effect of a nitrogen lone pair of the oxinato ligand and an intramolecular electric field effect and that of the 4-proton by the latter effect. By comparing the change of the δ-values of the 2-, 3- and 4-protons of the alkyl(oxinato)tin(IV) complexes and those of 8-hydroxyquinoline by altering the solvents, from methylene chloride to benzene, it was found that the electron density around the 2-carbon is reduced in the complexes compared with that of 8-hydroxyquinoline.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 1,1,2,2-bis(1,3-diketo-2,2-bindanylidene)ethane radical anion (13) and 1,1,4,4-bis (1,3-diketo-2,2-binanylidene)butene-2 radical anion (14)We employ herein nomenclature wherein the term ‘radical anion’ means the gain of one electron of the named substrate. representing 1,6- and 1,8-conjugated semidiones have been prepared by reduction. Electron spin resonance hyperfine splitting constants have been assigned on the basis of Hückel and McLachlan calculations.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Five substituted anilides of general formula were studied in acidic media (H2SO4—MeOH and HSO3Cl—Me2CO). The unsolved problem of the protonation site (O-protonation and N-protonation) is discussed in terms of the observed NMR shifts [(δNH) and δ(CO—H)] taking into account several factors including hydrogen bonding and solvent effects.New dramatic evidence is presented of N-protonation of the amide group; in the case of 2,4-dinitro formanilide, the NO2 groups in the molecule enhance the relative basicity of the nitrogen atom in such a way that the amount of N-protonated amide can be detected.N-protonation is a function of the acidity, showing a maximum in the region of 40 to 50%.
    Notes: En étudiant par RMN cinq anilides de formule générale en milieu acide, les auteurs ont mis en évidence la protonation de l'atome d'azote de l'ion amidonium formé.
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  • 23
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 197-208 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: PMR characteristics of some isomeric 1-substituted-2,5-dimethyl-4-piperidones are reported and major isomers shown to have a trans 2,5-dimethyl configuration. Differences between benzylic methylene signals of isomeric 1-benzyl analogs provide evidence of the preferred conformation of the cis derivative. Evidence of the D/H exchange of α-protons in 1,2,5-trimethyl-4-piperidone base and of addition of D2O to the carbonyl group of the corresponding hydrochloride and methiodide salts is also demonstrated. The effect of a 2-methyl substituent upon the chemical shifts of N-methyl groups in some piperidine methiodides is discussed.
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  • 24
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 209-217 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 25
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 225-226 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 26
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 229-230 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 327-327 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 337-339 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Measurements are reported on the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the acetyl protons of a series of substituted acetophenones. Although the extreme values of the chemical shifts, δCOCH3 for the meta- and para- substituted compounds differ only by 0·2 units, the values themselves are linearly related to the Hammett substituent constants. No such relationship exists for the ortho-substituted compounds. The magnitude of the chemical shift is independent of substrate concentration over a five-fold variation.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 429-430 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 32
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 33
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 431-438 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The proton magnetic resonance spectra of 1,4-benzodithiin and 1,4-benzodioxin have been fully analyzed. The effects of the substituent heteroatoms on the chemical shifts of the various protons in the two molecules have been discussed.
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    Description / Table of Contents: In the course of configurational and conformational investigations on substituted cyclohexanes, 220 MHz spectra of di- and tri- substituted derivatives were obtained. In many cases the higher frequency permits detailed assignments of all ring protons. Special features of the spectra are discussed.
    Notes: Im Zuge der Konfigurations- und Konformationsuntersuchungen an substituierten Cyclohexanen wurden 220 MHz-Spektren von di- und trisubstituierten Verbindungen gemessen. In vielen Fällen gestattet die höhere Frequenz eine weitgehende Zuordnung aller Ringprotonen. Spezielle Eigenheiten der Spektren werden diskutiert.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 457-465 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cellulose derivatives are used as examples to show how NMR spectroscopy - at 100 and particularly at 220 MHz - may be applied in structural studies of polysaccharides, namely to distinguish between hexoses and pentoses, to determine the configuration and conformation of the monomer units in the polymer as well as the type of the glycosidic bond. For such investigations the acetyl, benzoyl or methyl derivatives are required. The degree of polymerization (Pw) of the acetates or methyl ethers should be Pw 〈 200 and in the case of benzoates Pw 〈 100.
    Notes: Am Beispiel der Cellulosederivate wurde gezeigt, wie es mit Hilfe der PR-Spektroskopie - speziell bei einer Meßfrequenz von 220 MHz - möglich ist, in Polysacchariden zwischen einer Hexose und Pentose zu unterscheiden, die Konfiguration und die Konformation des Monomerbausteins im Polymeren sowie die Art der glycosidischen Bindung zu bestimmen. Voraussetzung für diese Untersuchungen sind die Acetyl-, Benzoyl- oder Methylderivate des Polysaccharids, wobei der Polymerisationsgrad bei den Acetaten und den Methyläthern Pw 〈 200, bei den Benzoaten sogar Pw 〈 100 sein sollte.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 503-510 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 1H and 19F spectra of a variety of mono- and di- fluorinated pyridines are examined, and compared with the corresponding spectra of the pyridinium ions. The magnitudes and signs of the 1H—19F coupling constants are in general in accord with those observed for the corresponding 1H—1H couplings, with an exaggerated range. Large changes in the NMR parameters are observed on protonation of the nitrogen, 3J(H—F) changing sign in some of the α-fluoropyridine derivatives.
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    Notes: Newly determined and accurate data for the magnitudes of cis vinyl proton-proton spin-spin coupling constants in cis-dialkylethylenes and cycloalkenes have been obtained. With these new data and also values taken from the recent literature, it has proved possible to make a critical determination of the correlation between 3J(H—H) and C=C—H bond angles in ethylenic systems. It is suggested that it is possible to obtain accurate estimates of bond angles using NMR coupling constants, even though much more data will be required to fully substantiate this proposal. Whereas cis-3J(H—H) decreases rapidly with increasing C=C—H bond angles, evidence is presented that the opposite is the case for trans-3J(H—H). A brief theoretical discussion of these trends in coupling constants is given.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 530-530 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970) 
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 531-537 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chondroitin 4-sulfate (Ch4S), chondroitin 6-sulfate (Ch6S), dermatan sulfate, chondroitin and desulfated dermatan sulfate were peracetylated and the derivatives isolated in yields of 45 to 88%. Acetate-methyl signals in the NMR spectra of these derivatives in D2O were analyzed using a correlation of the chemical shifts to the orientations. The lC conformation of hexopyranosiduronic acid moieties was estimated in these derivatives. No significant change of the chemical shifts was observed with the NMR spectra measured in D2O, in 7 M urea solution, in the various diluted solutions, and in the temperature range of 2 to 95° in D2O.
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    Description / Table of Contents: Restricted rotation around the C—C bond in the O=C—C=C—N system is responsible of the s-cis and s-trans conformers as shown by the NMR spectra of vinylogous amides (CH3)2N—CH=CH—CO—R. Substituent effect (nature of R) is discussed in terms of conformational equilibrium. Theoretical line shapes have been computed and fit reasonably well with the experimental spectra; activation functions were also derived.
    Notes: L'effet de la nature du substituant R sur l'équilibre conformationnel s-cis-s-trans est examiné dans la série (CH3)2N—CH=CH—CO—R. L'utilisation d'un programme de calcul des courbes théoriques de l'échange permet la détermination des paramètres d'activation ΔH* et ΔS*.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 557-560 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The influence of hydrogen bonds on the chemical shift non-equivalence of geminal methyl groups in recently investigated carbinols has been eliminated by using the formyl derivatives of the general formula RCH(OCHO)C(NO2)Me2. The observed increasing non-equivalence, with the rise of temperature, provides more convincing evidence of the intrinsic non-equivalence.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 561-568 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mixtures of the stereoisomeric 2.5- and 2.6- dimethylpiperidines have been prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding lutidines and the isomers separated by fractional distillation. The two isomeric 3.5-dimethylpiperidines were obtained by a special synthetic procedure. Configurational assignments are made on the basis of 220 MHz NMR spectra (in one case 100 MHz). Almost complete assignments for all ring protons are possible. In addition the 13C spectra of the two isomeric 3.5-dimethylpiperidines are reported. The proton spectra of all 12 dimethylpiperidines are discussed in detail, especially with respect to the shielding effects of methyl groups on adjacent ring protons.
    Notes: Die Gemische der stereoisomeren 2.5- und 2.6- Dimethylpiperidine wurden durch katalytische Hydrierung der entsprechenden Lutidine hergestellt und die einzelnen Isomeren durch fraktionierte Destillation getrennt; die beiden isomeren 3.5-Dimethylpiperidine wurden nach einem speziellen Verfahren hergestellt. Die Konfigurationszuordnung erfolgt durch Analyse der 220 MHz (in einem Fall 100 MHz) Spektren. Alle Protonen des Piperidinringes können weitgehend zugeordnet werden. Ausserdem wird über die 13C-Spektren der beiden isomeren 3.5-Dimethylpiperidine berichtet. Die Protonenspektren aller 12 möglichen Dimethylpiperidine werden eingehend, speziell im Hinblick auf die abschirmende Wirkung der Methylgruppen auf benachbarte Ringprotonen, diskutiert.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The conformational equilibria and conversions of 4.5.6-trithia-1.2-benzocycloheptene-(1) (1) and the 3′.6′-dimethoxy-, 3′.6′-dimethyl- and 3′.6′-diphenyl- derivatives (2, 3 and 4) were investigated by NMR spectroscopy. Solutions of these substances are equilibrium mixtures of two conformers, one presumably having a chair form and the other a boat form. The free enthalpy of the boat conformer ΔGB is dependent on the size of the substituents (R) in the 3′ and 6′ positions. The ΔGB values for R = H, OCH3, C6H5 and CH3 are 1,03, 0,82, 0,50 and -0,19 kcal/moles, respectively. By slow crystallization one conformer of the substituted trithiabenzocycloheptenes may be obtained in a pure crystalline form. The dimethoxy derivative crystallizes in the chair form, whereas the dimethyl and the diphenyl derivatives crystallize in the boat form. After dissolving the crystals, the conformational equilibrium is restored; at 0°C the half-lifes range from 2 to 15 minutes. By means of the temperature dependence of the NMR spectra two different types of conformational changes may be distinguished experimentally: the slower one is assigned to the inversion of the seven membered ring and the faster one to its pseudorotation. The free enthalpy of activation ΔGv≠ of the inversion was determined for 4.5.6-trithia-1.2-benzocycloheptene-(1) by the ‘line-shape’ method and for the diphenyl derivative by the ‘equilibration’ method. Both methods were applied to the other derivatives. The ΔGv≠ values obtained by the two different methods agree well with one another. The free enthalpy of activation of the inversion ΔGv≠ and of the pseudorotation ΔGp≠ both depend on the nature of the substituents. The ΔGv≠ values range from 17,9 to 20,5 kcal/mole and the ΔGp≠ values are equal to or lower than 11,4 kcal/mole.
    Notes: Die Konformerengleichgewichte und die konformativen Umwandlungsprozesse des 4.5.6-Trithia-1,2-benzocycloheptens-(1) (1) sowie seiner 3′.6′-Dimethoxy-, 3′.6′-Dimethyl- und 3′.6′-Diphenyl- derivate (2, 3 und 4) wurden PR-spektroskopisch untersucht. Die Lösungen dieser Substanzen sind Gleichgewichtsgemische zweier Konformerer, von denen das eine vermutlich Sesselform, das andere Wannenform hat. Der Wert der freien Konformationsenthalpie ΔGw des Wannenkonformeren ist abhängig von der Größe der Substituenten R in 3′- und 6′-Stellung. ΔGw beträgt für R = H 1,03 kcal/Mol, R = OCH3 0,82 kcal/Mol, R = C6H5 0,50 kcal/Mol und R = CH3 -0,19 kcal/Mol. Durch Kristallisation bei +60° kann im Falle der substituierten Trithiabenzocycloheptene jeweils ein reines Konformeres in kristalliner Form erhalten werden. Beim Dimethoxyderivat kristallisiert das Sesselkonformere, beim Dimethyl- und dem Diphenylderivat das Wannenkonformere aus. Nach Auflösen der Kristalle erfolgt Einstellung des Konformerengleichgewichts; bei 0°C betragen die Halbwertszeiten 2 bis 15 Minuten. Anhand der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Protonenresonanzen kann experimentell zwischen zwei verschiedenen konformativen Umwandlungsprozessen unterschieden werden: Der langsamere Prozess wird der Version, der schnellere der Pseudorotation des Siebenringes zugeordnet. Die freie Aktivierungsenthalpie ΔGv≠ der Version wurde im Falle des 4.5.6-Trithia-1.2-benzocycloheptens-(1) nach der ‘line-shape’-Methode, im Falle des Diphenylderivates nach der ‘Äquilibrierungs’-Methode bestimmt. Die beiden anderen Verbindungen wurden mit beiden Methoden untersucht. Die mit den verschiedenen Methoden bestimmten ΔGv≠-Werte stimmen gut überein. Die freie Aktivierungsenthalpie der Version ΔGv≠ unmd diejenige der Pseudorotation ΔGP≠-Werte ≤ 11,4 kcal/Mol.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 569-575 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chemical shifts and coupling constants are reported for a series of the title compounds and the effects of substituents on these values correlated with the corresponding effects in benzenes. Partial bond fixation in these and other benzo-heterocycles is discussed together with the general prediction of NMR parameters in substituted heterocycles.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conformation of 4-deoxy-α-L-threo-4-enohexopyranosyluronic acid (1 → 3)2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-hexoses was analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. The half-chair (H12) conformation was found in the unsaturated uronide moiety and the chair (Cl) conformation in the hexosamine moiety.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 581-604 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C NMR absorption spectra of 50 bicyclic hydrocarbons, alcohols and ketones have been measured, in addition to some terpenes. The 13C chemical shifts are approximately additive for similar compounds and can be used for the determination of molecular structure; they differ for endo- and exo-isomers, just as in proton spectra. These quite regular and predictable 13C shift differences are much larger and are caused by the 1,4-nonbonded interaction between atoms heavier than hydrogen, not by magnetic anisotropy effects.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 613-618 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The PMR spectrum of naphthalene has been completely analyzed as an eight-spin system for the first time. It was found that inter-ring long-range couplings exist between all combinations of the α and β protons on adjacent rings. The signs and magnitudes of the coupling values have been determined and compared to couplings reported in the literature for other polynuclear compounds.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 605-611 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The treatment of nitromethane or dinitromethane in aqueous alkaline solutions (1 to 2·5 M hydroxide) with nitrogen dioxide yields the dianion radical of dinitronitrosomethane [C(NO2)2(NO)\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \buildrel\textstyle.\over= $\end{document}] which at 30° has hfsc of aNNO2 = 10·75 and 0·65 and aNNO = 5·80 g. Restricted rotation about the C—NO bond causes magnetic non-equivalence of the two nitro groups which can slowly exchange giving rise to line broadening. The use of 15N labeled nitrogen dioxide gave the dianion radical \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm [C(}^{{\rm 15}} {\rm NO}_{\rm 2} {\rm)(}^{{\rm 14}} {\rm NO}_{\rm 2} {\rm)(}^{{\rm 15}} {\rm NO)} \buildrel\textstyle.\over= {\rm]} $$\end{document} which exists in two equally populated conformations, each of which shows the expected line broadening for a ‘slow exchange’ process in which the nitro groups are being interconverted.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 619-624 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: NMR parameters for three 3-aza-bicyclo [3.1.0]hexanes are reported, which have been determined from the 100 and 220 MHz spectra, using methods of partial analysis and iterative computer calculations, respectively. A brief discussion of the parameters obtained, with respect to the structure of the 3-aza-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane system, is given.
    Notes: Es werden die kernresonanzspektroskopischen Parameter von drei 3-Aza-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanen mitgeteilt, die aus den 100- und 220 MHz- Spektren durch Teilanalyse bzw. Durch iterative Computerberechnungen ermittelt wurden. Eine kurze Diskussion der erhaltenen Parameter in Hinblick auf die Struktur des 3-Aza-bicyclo[3 1.0]hexan-Systems schließt sich an.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 625-627 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 631-632 
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970) 
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 1-46 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 155-162 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bromine, fluorine and/or chlorine atoms on one cyclopropyl ring jointly influence the dominant primary modes of electron-impact induced fragmentation. Decomposition ions include CBrX, C2HQ2X and C3HQ2X2, where × is an halogen atom and Q is from the group of an halogen atom, an hydrogen atom and a methyl group. For none of the compounds studied was formation of an ionic CBrX the dominant primary process. Gem-dibromo-gem-dihalocyclopropanes preferentially eliminated dibromo divalent carbon and formed decomposition products of gem-dihalogenated C2HQ2X′s. In cases where more stable allyl ions were formed, fragmentation was through C3HQ2X2.Upon electron-impact, the ions CF, CHF2 and CF3 were produced in abundances directly related to the fluorine content of their cyclopropyl precursors.When fragmentation patterns for internally generated radical ions of the composition C2HQ2X were compared with patterns obtained by direct introduction of the same fluoroolefins into a mass spectrometer, incomplete correspondence was found. Variation in the mode of decomposition can be a consequence of differences in the energy levels of the olefin fragmented.Addition of two hydrogen atoms from water to quinones and to s-tetrazines is well established in the literature. Reaction of an additional cyclic series, polyhalocyclopropanes, with water prior to electron-impact is suggested.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 171-180 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The [56.5*]/[105]+ ratios observed in the spectra of N-(nitrophenyl)benzamides are greater than those observed in the spectra of N-(methoxyphenyl)benzamides. These results differ from those observed in the spectra of monosubstituted benzophenones. An explanation, based on energy distribution and breakdown curves, is employed to rationalize these results, as well as other phenomena reported in the literature.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 163-169 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of the dimethyl and diethyl esters of phosphonic, phosphorochloridic and phosphorochloridothioic acid have been obtained, and the main paths of decomposition of their positiveions have been compared. Losses of formaldehyde occur from positive ions of all the methyl esters. Losses of C2H3· radicals occur consistently from the positive ions of the ethyl esters, but diethyl phosphorochloridothioate differs in showing a principal decomposition path involving initial loss of acetaldehyde. Other details are discussed.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 231-235 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass spectra of triphenylboroxine, tricyclohexylboroxine, tri-t-butylboroxine and tri-n-butylboroxine are reported and discussed.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 239-240 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of halogenosubstituted diphenylacetylenes show hydrogen scrambling between the two phenyl rings. As with the halogenobenzenes the randomization process occurs i the molecular ion rather than in the [M - 1] ion as is the case for methyldiphenylacetylene (I, × = CH3).
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  • 62
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 63
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 241-242 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Migration of the ethynyl group, from sulfur to oxygen in acetylenic sulfoxides and sulfones leads to several documented examples of carbon-oxygen bond forming rearrangement reactions.
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  • 64
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: With the use of deuterium labeling and metastable ion measurements, the major fragmentation pathways of trans-10-phenyl-2-decalone (II) have been deduced. A comparison with trans-10-phenyldecalin (IV) demonstrated the almost complete domination of the phenyl group in directing the electron-impact promoted decomposition of II. In fact, in contrast to the spectra of the methylated analogs, only one fragmentation pathway is uniquely associated with the carbonyl function. The substitution of a phenyl group at the ring junction in IV has permitted the recognition of definitive fragmentation pathways for this compound also. Such definition has not previously been possible for unsubstituted alicyclic hydrocarbons. The formation of an abundant tropylium ion from both II and IV has been examined, but its genesis is too complicated to be accurately defined from the labeling data at hand.
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  • 65
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 287-302 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nine phenoxarsine derivatives with arsenic in the trivalent state and the pentavalent state are synthesized and studied by mass spectrometry. Their characteristic fragmentation modes and the fragment ions with common structures are discussed. Phenoxarsinic acids are found to be unstable in the gaseous phase at the temperatures studied and tend to form their corresponding anhydrides.
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  • 66
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 261-270 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of O-methyl and O-ethyl thiobenzoates and their derivatives have been recorded together with those of the corresponding S-alkyl thiobenzoates. The direct fragmentations of the O-alkyl thiobenzoates are almost identical to those of alkyl benzoates and of S-alkyl thio-benzoates. Several important differences in rearrangements upon electron-impact can be observed between them, however. These are the migration of the alkyl group from the alkoxy oxygen to the thiocarbonyl sulphur and the migration of a hydrogen from the alkoxy group to the thiocarbonyl group. O-methyl and O-ethyl thioacetates behave similarly. The mass spectra of the thioesters obtained with low electron-accelerating voltages have also been studied.
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  • 67
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Monensin and nigericin are structurally related compounds belonging to a family of biologically active, polycylic, monocarboxylic acids produced by Streptomyces. Partial interpretation of their mass spectra has been achieved with the aid of high resolution data and by correlation with spectra of derivatives. These results have been applied to structure elucidation of several minor factors produced along with monensin. An interesting aspect of the mass spectrometry of these compounds is that their alkali-metal salts are sufficiently volatile to yield mass spectra. Fragmentation of the salts is markedly different from that of the free acids and their derivatives. A scheme is proposed to account for the formation of a number of fragment ions which contain the metal atom.
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  • 68
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fragmentation modes of some epimeric 7-substituted norbornenes have been established from deuteration and high resolution studies. Stereochemical differences were found to have very little influence in directing the fragmentation modes of these epimers. Formation of common intermediates or transition states by ring opening process has been proposed to rationalise the mass spectral behaviour of these compounds.
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  • 69
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 321-331 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of some 14,15-deoxymeliacins are reported and discussed in relation to the previously published fragmentation patterns of the epoxymeliacins. The fragmentation patterns of a few compounds with structures closely related to those proposed for the principal ions in the spectra of the epoxymeliacins are also examined.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. i 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 71
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 72
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine undergoes fragmentation upon electron-impact by loss of HCN or C2H2N·. In the 2,3-dimethyl derivative loss of HCN and CH3CN were both observed from the [M - 1]+ ion and, in the 3-methyl-2-phenyl derivative, loss of PhCN occurred from the corresponding [M - 1]+ ion. Loss of methyl and phenyl radicals was also observed. In 3-acetyl-2-methyl and 3-benzoyl-2-phenyl derivatives, characteristic losses of the CH3CO· and PhCO· groups were noted. The introduction of a 7-methyl substituent into the six-membered ring had little effect on the fragmentation pattern.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 417-432 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mass spectra of nitrophenylhydrazones of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones are discussed. Oxygen rearrangement from the o-nitro group prior to fragmentation is shown to be a determining factor. Subsequent rearrangements give rise to the most important fragments. Observation of consecutive metastable ion transitions proves to be a valuable means of supporting mechanistic rationalization.
    Notes: Als chemisch klassifizierende Derivate zur isolierung von Carbonylverbindungen aus Gemischen erlauben DNPH aliphatischer Aldehyde und Ketone wegen ihrer Molekülionenstabilität eine sichere massenspektrometrische Molekulargewichtsbestimmung und wegen ihrer unterschiedlichen Fragmentierungsmuster eine Gruppenzuordnung (Aldehyde, Ketone, minimale Kettenlänge). Reaktionsmechanistisch sind sie interessant als Beispiele für eine Reihe spezifischer Umlagerungsreaktionen beim monomolekularen Zerfall. Als Primärreaktion im Molekülion st eine Sauerstoffumlagerung aus der ortho-nitrogruppe von wesentlicher bedutung, die die Fragmentierung zu einem guten Teil bestimmt.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 455-477 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The technique of ion kinetic energy spectroscopy has been applied to the study of the aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, toluene, naphthalene, 2-methyl naphthalene, biphenyl and anthracene. The method is illustrated by a complete study of naphthalene in which transitions of metastable doubly- and singly-charged ions are listed, including reactions in which singly-charged ions are formed by collision induced charge-exchange reactions of doubly-charged ions and by the double process of charge-exchange and metastable decomposition with loss of one or two hydrogen atoms. Decompositions of doubly-charged ions into two singly-charged ions, together with the kinetic energies released in these decompositions, are also given for all the compounds studied.
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  • 75
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectral fragmentation of a number of specially synthesized amino esters and ketones has been studied in which the distance between the two functionalities has been varied. The principal fragments formed following initial ionization are the even-electron immonium ions a and b. Further fragmentation of ion a in the amino esters occurs via non-specific processes. Therefore it is difficult to establish the degree of mobility of the positive charge in the fragment ions, notably whether the species with the charge present on the oxygen atom makes a significant contribution to the fragmentation. The β-(IIb) and γ-(IV) amino ketones show no McLafferty rearrangements after α-fission, thus demonstrating that uncoupling of the carbonyl π electrons is not a feasible trigger in lieu of charge localization.
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  • 76
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The molecular ion of hydrocinnamaldehyde (C6H5CH2CH2CHO) chiefly loses fragments C2H2O and C3H4O. Mass spectra of specifically deuterated analogues show that in the loss of C2H2O an α-hydrogen atom (with respect to the aldehyde group) is transferred to the aromatic part. A shift of the aldehydic hydrogen to one of the ortho positions of the phenyl ring and loss of C2H2O by a McLafferty rearrangement is not observed.In the loss of C3H4O also an α-hydrogen atom migrates to the aromatic part. Both reactions appear to occur with an extensive randomization of all hydrogen atoms in the molecular ion.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 597-603 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Comparison of the mass spectrum of γ-picoline with that of analogues, specifically deuterated in the methyl group, the ring or both, has shown that the molecular ion loses the α,β and methyl hydrogen atoms (ω-hydrogen') in the ratio 1.43: 1: 1. 13. The same trend is found for the elimination of HCN from the molecular ion. Moreover, a value of 1.52 is found for the isotope effect, expressing the favoured loss of H over D, irrespective of its position.
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  • 78
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The mass spectrum of N,N-dimethyl-N′-phenyl-formamidine (I) contains a large peak due to [M — H]+-ions. As is shown by deuterium labelling, one of the ortho hydrogen atoms of the phenyl group is lost. The same result has been observed for the corresponding fragmentation of thioformanilide (V). This can be explained by the formation of benzimidazolium-ions (a).The effect of substituents at the phenyl group on the intensities and AP of these ions and on the IP of the molecular ions has been investigated. A mechanism of the cyclization reaction is proposed.
    Notes: Das Massenspektrum des N,N-Dimethyl-N′-phenylformamidins(I) besitzt einen großen Peak von [M — H]⊕-Ionen. Durch Deuterierung wird gezeigt, daß bei dieser Reaktion ebenso wie bei der entsprechenden Fragmentierung von Thioformanilid (V) eines der beiden ortho-städigen H-Atome des Phenylkerns abgespalten wird und Benzimidazolium-Ionen (a) entstehen.Der Einfluß von Substituenten am Phenylkern auf die Intensität und das AP dieser Ionen und auf das IP der Molekü-Ionen wird gemessen. Aufgrund dieser Ergebnisse wird ein Mechanismus für die Cyclilsierungsreaktion vorgeschlagen.
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  • 79
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The [M]+· → [M — Cl]+ reaction in a series of m- and p-X substituted chlorobenzenes has been studied, utilizing a simple kinetic approach, comparison of metastable ion relative abundances, and by measurement of ionization and appearance potentials. All evidence obtained is consistent with rearrangement prior to cleavage in the molecular ions, in which substituent position becomes effectively randomized. These findings are related to known hydrogen randomization reactions occurring in either the molecular ion or [M — Cl] ion of chlorobenzenes. Mechanisms involving carbon scrambling via such species as ionized benzvalenes or prismanes, or ring-opening to isomeric acyclic molecular ions in which hydrogen randomization might occur can be entertained, but mechanisms involving simple hydrogen shifts in the intact benzene ring appear less likely.
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  • 80
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron-impact induced fragmentation of four N,N′-di-t-alkyl-substituted diaziridinones (I to IV) has been studied by both conventional and high resolution mass spectrometry. All diaziridinones exhibit weak molecular ions. Ejection of an alkyl isocyanate, corresponding to the N-alkyl substituent, from the molecular ion, is a dominant and general fragmentation process. Isocyanate-type odd-electron fragment ions occur only in III and IV (where at least one R group is phenyl) and are of low abundance. Elimination of a hydrocarbon radical from the tertiary alkyl substituents is observed in all compounds investigated. McLafferty rearrangement with elimination of a neutral alkene occurs in all compounds. Abundant even-electron hydrocarbon ions corresponding to the mass of the N-alkyl substituent are prevalent. The complete absence of elimination of carbon monoxide is noted. Loss of oxygen from the [M — RCH2]+ species has been confirmed by accurate mass measurement. Several remarkable rearrangement reactions have been uncovered by high resolution studies and deuteration experiments.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 657-660 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of all possible methyl substituted derivatives of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethyl-4, 4′-dihydroxy-diphenylmethane are recorded. The direct influence of steric hindrance to free rotation about the aryl-methylene bonds results in the progressive importance of ortho-rearrangement in the ionization-dissociation pathways of these compounds.
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  • 82
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The [CH3O=CHCH3]+ ions observed in the mass spectra of ethers of formula CH3OCH (CH3)R(R = H or alkyl) undergo two rearrangement fragmentation reactions to form [C2H5]+ and [CH2OH]+. The scope of the rearrangements has been investigated and it is shown that enlargement of the alkyl group on either side of the ether linkage leads to alternative fragmentation routes. From a study of metastable intensities it is concluded that the fragmentations probably occur directly from the [CH3O=CHCH3]+ structure through four centred rearrangements rather than through the intermediacy of the [C2H5O=CH2]+ ion.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 84
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The fragmentation pattern of metal complexes of 2-butyl-8-hydroxyquinoline depends essentially upon the ability of the metal ion to absorb an electron, i.e. to exist in a stable monovalent form. In this case the main fragment is formed by loss of a molecule of 2-n-butyl-8-hydroxyquinoline, otherwise an ethyl radical is eliminated.
    Notes: Das Fragmentierungsmuster der Metallkomplexe des 2-Butyl-8hydroxychinolins hängt im wesentlichen davon ab, ob das Metall-Ion unter Aufnahme eines Elektrons in eine stabile einwertige Form übergehen kann oder nicht. Im ersten Fall entsteht das Hauptfragment durch Verlust eines Moleküls 2-n-Butyl-8hydroxychinolin, im zweiten durch Abspaltung eines Äthyl radikals.
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  • 85
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of hexanal, heptanal and nonanal variously labeled with deuterium confirm γ-hydrogen migration and β cleavage as the mechanism leading to [C2H4O]+· and [M — C2H4O]+·, although the data on the latter are complicated by contributions from other, related paths. In addition, they show that three other major primary decomposition products, [M — C2H4]+·, [M — H2O]+· and [C3H5O]+, all arise in large part by processes involving γ-hydrogen migration to the oxygen atom. The ethylene lost to yield the first of these products consists of the α and β methylene groups. The loss of ethylene most likely occurs by way of a cyclobutanol intermediate, which, via alternative reaction paths, may well contribute to the yields of the other two products as well. These findings further extend the range of parallelism between photochemical and electron-impact-induced reactions.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 735-745 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of the following common anti-epileptic agents; phensuximide, methsuximide, ethosuximide, ethotoin, mephenytoin, diphenylhydantoin, trimethadione, paramethadione, primidone and phenacemide, have been recorded and interpreted. In addition the mass spectra of succinimide, α-phenylsuccinimide and the N-deuterated derivative of ethotoin were studied. The investigated compounds fragment in an interesting manner and give rise to stable ions by which means they are readily identified. The most diagnostic fragmentation in the majority of the spectra was the expulsion of a (CO)2NR fragment from the molecular ion.
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The mass spectra of ten symmetrical ∊-diketones are reported and a number of fragmentation patterns are documented by deuterium labelling experiments. The McLafferty rearrangement involving one of the carbonyl groups is not an important fragmentation pathway although such a double rearrangement is observed for long-chained ∊-diketones. Special attention has been given to the ions resulting from the loss of either a molecule of water or the neutral species C2H4 which may involve an electron-impact induced formation of cyclobutanol-type ions analogous to the photochemical Yang's reaction.
    Notes: La dégradation induite par bombardement électronique de dix dicétones-∊ symétriques a été investiguée; une rationalisation des mécanismes de fragmentation, confirmée par deutération, a pu étre proposée pour expliquer les dégradations observées. La transposition de McLafferty ne représente pas, ici, l'une des principales fragmentations bien qu'une double transposition de ce type soit présente pour les composés à chaíne longue. Une attention particuliére a été prétée aux ions résultant de la perte d'eau et de la perte d'dne molécule d'ethyléne à partir de l'ion moléculaire, pertes qui font intervenir un intermédiaire du type cyclobutanol comme dans le cas des photoisomérisations de ces composés.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 747-751 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The predicted pyrolyzate of phenoxarsine derivatives from their mass spectra is diphenylene oxide. The prediction is verified by the experiment.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 777-788 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of steroidal model compounds specifically designed to allow maximal as well as minimal charge localization at certain functional groups was subjected to mass spectrometric analysis. The results indicate that electron deficiency at the potentially reactive site is a prequisite for any fragmentation reaction to occur to an appreciable extent. The amount of charge density required at such a site seems to vary substantially for different types of fragmentation processes.
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  • 90
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chroman (I), 2,2-dimethylchroman (II), flavan (III) and 2,2-diphenylchroman (IV) were labeled with 13C or deuterium at every position of importance. The mass spectra of these labeled compounds make possible a detailed interpretation of some very complex carbon skeleton rearrangements. The combination of deuterium and 13C-labeling revealed that loss of CH3, C2H5 and C7H7 fragments from chroman (I), 2,2-dimethylchroman (II) and 2,2-diphenylchroman (IV) respectively, occurs by multiple pathways involving aryl or alkyl migrations with little hydrogen randomization prior to fragmentation. Although ejection of C7H7 from flavan (III) occurs to a small extent by a route similar to those mentioned above, its [M — C7H7] fragment can also be formed by a pathway involving no phenyl migration but extensive hydrogen scrambling. The validity of the schemes proposed on the basis of the 13C labeling data was checked by using them to predict the spectra of the deuterium labeled compounds.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 915-924 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass spectra of alkylferrocenes and biferrocenyls have molecular ion peaks which are also base peaks. The predominant fragment ions are formed by beta-cleavage of the alkyl group. Gamma-and alpha-cleavages are the only other significant modes of alkyl side-chain fragmentation. The cleavage of the alkyl group is often accompanied or followed by the cleavage of either one or both of the cyclopentadienyl-iron bonds. Weak m/e 121 ([C5H5]+) mass peaks are found in the spectra of 1,1′-dialkyl- and 1,1′-disilyl-ferrocenes. Therefore, the m/e 121 peak may not be used as a sensitive criterion to determine the presence of unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl rings. The relative intensity of the peak may, however, serve as an indicator.Expansion of the cyclopentadienyl ring to six- and seven-carbon rings in the fragmentation of alkylferrocenes, diethylbiferrocenyl and deuterated ethylferrocenes is indicated. The spectra of benzylferrocene and benzylferrocene-alpha-d2 do not show a beta-cleavage but suggest a pentalene ring formation. Methyl and phenyl groups in the beta-position of substituted ferrocenes were found to migrate to the iron atom.
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  • 92
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The formation of m/e 165 in the spectrum of benzyl phenyl ketoxime involves the intermediacy of a rearranged 2,3-diphenyl-2-H-azirine radical ion. 2H and 13C labelling of the ketoxime together with 2H labelling of the azirine has allowed certain proposals to be made concerning the complex processes producing m/e 165 in both spectra. The mode of formation of m/e 167 in the spectrum of benzyl phenyl ketoxime has also been studied.
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  • 93
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 941-954 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass spectra have been determined of a number of phloroglucinol derivatives and closely-related compounds encountered in chemical studies of hop components. Initial fission involving acyl, alkyl or alkenyl side-chains gives predominantly even-electron ions which then fragment their oxygen heterocyclic rings by elimination of neutral molecules, whilst gem-dialkenyl centres show preference for loss of an alkenyl group. The fragment ions induced by electron-impact may be correlated to a useful extent with molecular structure.
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  • 94
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of many triphenyl/tetraphenyl derivatives of the Group IV and V elements exhibit the processes [M+· — C12H10] and/or [M+· — C6H5· — C12H10]. These fragmentations are not preceded by hydrogen scrambling between all the phenyl rings. Hydrogen scrambling does occur in certain fragment ions prior to fragmentation in both the positive and negative-ion spectra. The process [M+· — C12H10] occurs in the negative-ion mass spectrum of tetraphenylsilane.
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  • 95
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 955-962 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of several ms-porphyrins and their metalloderivatives have been obtained on an AEI MS-902 mass spectrometer. The main features of these spectra are very stable parent peaks and relatively abundant doubly-charged and triply-charged fragments. Metal substitution has a drastic effect on the fragmentation pattern, which discloses formation of fragments with a stable composite π-electron ring, including Hückel rings. Ion-molecule reactions giving products up to [M + 124]+ are also reported.
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  • 96
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 963-965 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 97
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 969-969 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 98
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 993-1007 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of o-nitrobenzoic acid, o-nitroanisole, o-nitrosobenzoic acid, o-nitrobenzamide, o-nitrobenzyl alcohol and o-nitrosobenzaldehyde have been studied. Fragmentation mechanisms are proposed for the above compounds; their elucidation was aided by isotopic labeling with D and O18. Two ‘ortho-effects’ are discussed; one involving H atom transfer between substituents and the other migration of an atom or group to a charge carrying vacant ortho position. The importance of nitro to nitrite conversion in molecular and fragment ions is discussed.
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  • 99
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 1023-1029 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of the quinuclidine-2 (and -3)-ones and other functional derivatives of quinuclidine as well as 2-azaquinuclidine and benzoquinuclidine have been investigated. The fragmentation through the open form of the molecular ion and the applicability of Bredt's rule to amine fragmentation of the bridgehead nitrogen bicyclic systems are discussed.
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  • 100
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of diethyl and diphenyl N-phenylphosphoramidate are reported. Their electron-impact behavior is similiar to that observed for the corresponding phosphate esters. High resolution mass measurements are used to confirm the elemental composition of all the peaks in the spectra. Some interesting rearrangement fragments are observed in the spectrum of the diphenyl N-phenylphosphoramidate ester.
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