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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3,049)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (963)
  • Organic Chemistry  (714)
  • ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION  (634)
  • 1980-1984  (5,360)
  • 1981  (5,360)
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  • 1980-1984  (5,360)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. A2 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 11-13 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Quality Control of HDPE Pipes.Trials are reported made with the aim of finding an correlation between creep rupture test results obtained with two different types of testing samples: Pipes under internal pressure and tensile rods cut out of these pipes in a longitudinal direction.
    Notes: Es wird über Versuche berichtet, eine Korrelation zwischen Ergebnissen aus Zeitstand-Innendruckversuchen an HDPE-Rohren und Zeitstandversuchen an Längszugstäben aus diesen Rohren zu finden.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 23-31 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Controlled Pickling of Apparatus made of Chemical-Resistant SteelsExamples of material failure and corrosion trials are used to show that the chemical resistance of austenitic steel depends in many ways on the surface condition. Pickling is the best method for removing layers of oxide in preparation for passivation. Internal tensile stresses which are created near the surface by mechanical working, e.g. by turning, drilling and grinding, can assume higher values than those caused by shaping and welding. As a result stress corrosion cracking often occurs only in the region where the surface has been worked. Because the stresses responsible for this phenomenon rapidly fall off below the surface, it is usually possible to reduce them by pickling to the point at which damage of this kind is prevented. The amount of material which must be removed by pickling is determined by trials and pickling must be controlled accordingly.
    Notes: An Schadensfällen und durch Korrosionsversuche wird gezeigt, daß die chemische Beständigkeit der austenitischen Stähle in mehrfacher Weise von ihrem Oberflächenzustand abhängt. Beim Entfernen von Oxidbelägen, als Voraussetzung für eine gute Passivschicht, liefert das Beizen das beste Ergebnis. Oberflächennahe Zug-Eigenspannungen, die durch eine mechanische Bearbeitung, z. B. Drehen, Bohren, Schleifen, eingebracht werden, können höhere Werte annehmen als die durch Verformen und Schweißen verursachten Spannungen. Als Folge davon tritt oft nur im Bereich einer Oberflächenbearbeitung Spannungsrißkorrosion auf. Weil die zugehörigen Spannungen unter der Oberfläche schnell abfallen, ist es meist möglich, sie durch ein abtragendes Beizen so weit abzubauen, daß Schäden dieser Art unterbleiben. Der notwendige Beizabtrag ist durch Versuche zu ermitteln und das Beizen entsprechend zu überwachen.
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  • 4
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 90-96 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Crack Growth Behaviour of Structural Steels in SeawaterThe influence of a synthetic seawater environment upon the crack growth behaviour of two structural steels was investigated. The results were presented in terms of the stress intensity fracture toughness parameter. Data were generated in air and in seawater with or without a cathodic protection. Results show that seawater environment and a cathodic protection influence the crack propagation at the applied frequencies of 0,04 and 0,25 Hz. The use of cathodic protection raises questions concerning the resistance to hydrogen embrittlement of the two steels. Some fractographic examinations of selected specimens show the microstructure of the two steels at various test conditions.
    Notes: Die Kenntnis der Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit von Rissen an Materialien in korrosiver Atmosphäre unter Betriebsbelastung ist für die Konstruktionsauslegung von großer Bedeutung. Von den Baustählen X70 sowie St70 ist mittels angeschwungener CT-Proben die Rißausbreitung bestimmt worden. Die Versuchsfrequenzen lagen - bezogen auf realistische Seegangsspektren - bei 0,04 Hz und 0,25 Hz. Durch Aufgabe kathodischer Schutzpotentiale wird bei Vorhandensein von Anrissen die Rißausbreitung stark beschleunigt. Es tritt eine wasserstoffinduzierte Spannungsrißkorrosion auf. Über das Ausmaß der Wasserstoffaufname der Bruchflächen werden Angaben gemacht. Durch REM-Aufnahmen wird das Bruchaussehen dokumentiert.
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  • 5
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 107-108 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. A28 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 19-22 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation of Different Welding Processes with Nickel-Alloy NiMo 16 Cr 16 TIThe overall favourable corrosion resistance of the nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy NiMo 16Cr 16 Ti against attack by powerful oxidizing acids ensures a wide field of applications for this material. The alloy is readily processable using encased rod electrodes and shielded are welding. However, shielded arc welding should be given preference, as there are considerable differences in the analytical results between smelted welded material from encased rod electrodes and bright rods and wires. The different welded materials influence the corrosion resistance and the possibilities of forging welded constructions.
    Notes: Die allgemeine gute Korrosionsbeständigkeit der Nickelbasislegierung NiMo 16 Cr 16 Ti gegen den Angriff stark oxidierender Säuren sichert diesem Werkstoff ein breites Einsatzgebiet. Die Legierung ist mit umhüllten Stabelektroden und nach Schutzgasschweißverfahren gut zu verarbeiten. Bevorzugt sollte jedoch das Schutzgasschweißen eingesetzt werden, da erhebliche Analyseunterschiede zwischen dem niedergeschmolzenen Schweißgut aus umhüllten Stabelektroden und aus blanken Stäben und Drähten bestehen. Das unterschiedliche Schweißgut hat Einfluß auf das Korrosionsverhalten und die Warmformgebungsmöglichkeiten von geschweißten Konstruktionen.
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  • 8
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. A10 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 9
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 150-150 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 10
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. A34 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 11
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 256-262 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Anisotropy Effects in Copper Alloy Strip MaterialsThe textures and effects of mechanical anisotropy have been measured in several copper alloy strip materials with commercial hardness levels. In most cases mixed textures have been found with a qualitative correlation to the mechanical effects.The optimum position for spring elements proved to be transverse to rolling direction, especially the relation of the elastic limit in bonding to yield strength has a maximum in this direction.
    Notes: Bei Bändern aus verschiedenen Kupferlegierungen in handelsüblichen Festigkeitszuständen wurden die Texturen und die mechanischen Anisotropieeffekte gemessen. In den meisten Fällen wurden Mischtexturen festgestellt, welche die mechanischen Anisotropieeffekte qualitativ erklären.Für Federelemente ist die Querlage die günstigste, insbesondere ist in dieser Richtung das Verhältnis Federbiegegrenze zu Streckgrenze am höchsten.
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  • 12
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 13
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 330-334 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Guarantee of Quality for the Steel Hoops of the Refueling Machine of the Nuclear Ship OTTO HAHN by Way of a Special Procedure with UltrasonicThe basic overhaul and renewal of the refueling machine constructed 1965-1967 for the reactor system of the nuclear ship OTTO HAHN required among other things the replacement of the lifting hoops which are necessary for raising the fuel elements and guiding the gripping device. These steel hoops are the critical components of the refueling machine. Therefore the quality assurance of the material was articularly specified.On way of ensuring this guarantee of quality is to carry out tests involving the use of ultrasonic equipment as desired and applied here. The process is explained and its application with the results obtained is described.
    Notes: Die Grundüberholung und teilweise Erneuerung der in den Jahren 1965-1967 gebauten Brennelement-Wechselmaschine für die Reaktoranalage des NS OTTO HAHN erforderte u.a. die Auswechselung der zur Lastaufnahme und Greifersteuerung dienenden Hubbänder. Diese Stahlbänder sind die kritischen Bauteile der Brennelement-Wechselmaschine. Aus diesem Grunde wurde die Gütesicherung besonders spezifiert. Eine der Gütesicherung dienende zerstörungsfreie Prüfung ist die hier beschriebene und angewendete Impuls-Durchschallung in Tauchtechnik. Das Verfahren wird erklärt und die Durchführung mit dem erzielten Ergebnis beschrieben.
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  • 14
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 315-324 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Behaviour of Hip - Joint Endoprostheses under quasi-static and dynamic LoadClinical experience with total-hip endoprostheses has shown that the following problems take priority: - Loosening of the socket (acetabular cup) and the femoral prosthesis - Fracture of the femoral prosthesis - Loosing due to deep infection.Accordingly aims the research at locating the biological and mechanical reasons for the failures as well as testing alternative solutions such as - methods of fixation - construction of protheses - new materials and finishing methods. This publication concerns areas of the mechanical side of the problem.The comparison between the original system of proximal femur and acetabulum and the implanted prosthetic system shows changes in the stiffness of the systems depending on the different types of implanted endoprostheses.The influence of the frequency of loading on the deformation of the system is investigated in a frequency range between quasi-static and dynamically changing loads.The movements between implanted cup and neighbouring pelvic bone during cyclic load is measured.The results of these examinations give clues concerning qualitative and quantitative repercussions from the different endoprosthetic systems under conditions optimal in view of true comparison, and possible or desirable alternative solutions of the problem in view of construction and material.
    Notes: Aufgrund bisher vorliegender klinischer Erfahrungen mit Hüftgelenks-Totalendoprothesen nehmen folgende Problemstellungen eine gewisse Priorität ein: - Pfannen- und Schaftlockerungen, - Schaftbrüche - Infektlockerungen.Dementsprechend konzentriert sich die Forschung auf die Ermittlung der biologischen und mechanischen Ursachen des Fehlverhaltens sowie auf die Erprobung alternativer Lösungen hinsichtlich - Fixationsmethodik - Konstruktion von Endoprothesen - Werkstoff und Fertigungsmethoden.Die vorliegende Arbeit bezieht sich auf Teile des mechanischen Komplexes dieser Problemstellung.Durch vergleichende Untersuchungen am Original- sowie am Implantatsystem „proximaler Femur/Hüftgelenkspfanne“ wird die Änderung der Steifigkeit infolge Implantation unterschiedlicher Typen von Endoprothesen ermittelt.Der Einfluß der Belastungsfrequenz auf die Deformationsverhältnisse in diesem System wird in einem Frequenzbereich überprüft, der sich von quasi-statischer bis zu dynamisch-wechselnder Belastung erstreckt.Die Relativbewegung zwischen implantierter Hüftgelenkspfanne und benachbartem knöchernen Bereich wird bei zyklischer Belastung erfaßt und messend verfolgt.Die Befunde geben punktuelle Hinweise hinsichtlich qualitativer und quantitativer Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher endoprothetischer Maßnahmen unter Bedingungen optimierter Vergleichbarkeit sowie hinsichtlich möglicher oder zweckmäßiger alternativer Lösungen im konstruktiven und stofflichen Bereich der anstehenden Fragestellungen.
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  • 15
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. A76 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 16
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 335-335 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 17
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 366-374 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Exact and Approximate Calculations of UD-LayersIt is shown that the quasi-elastic solution of layers nearly almost used in practical viscoelastic calculations is an excellent approach. The exact solution achieved with simple integral equations are compared with the quasi-elastic solution and the occuring deviations are described. The creep functions of layers are given the form of the uniaxial creep function of the isotropic viscoelastic material. This makes the creep behaviour of layers very clear and symplifies practical calculations. The given solutions are under no restriction with regard to the chosen form of the uni-axial creep function.
    Notes: Es wird gezeigt, daß die in der Praxis zur viskoelastischen Berechnung unidirektionaler Laminate verwendete quasielastische Lösung eine hervorragende Näherungslösung darstellt. Die exakten, mit Hilfe einfacher Integralbeziehungen gewonnenen, Lösungen werden mit der quasielastischen Lösung verglichen und es werden die zu erwartenden Abweichungen beschrieben. Die Kriechfunktionen der Laminate werden auf die Form der Kriechfunktion des viskoelastisch-isotropen Materials bei einachsiger Beanspruchung gebracht. Dadurch wird das Kriechverhalten der Laminate besonders deutlich und die praktische Rechnung wird vereinfacht. Die bereitgestellten Lösungen unterliegen keiner Beschränkungen hinsichtlich der funktionalen Form der einachsigen Kriechfunktion.
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  • 18
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 402-407 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Pitting Corrosion at Copper Tubes of Tap Water Systems released by Soldering FluxThe pitting corrosion is the mostly observed reason for getting corrosion damage of copper tubes in tap water systems. In case of loss the reason for corrosion attack is ascribed to rests of cracked drawing compounds at the copper tube wall.The results from own examinations of copper tubes corroded in different tap waters show in case of loss the reason for corrosion damage as cracked soldering flux. This gets by the different described ways into the copper tube and becomes cracked by the soldering temperature. This way formed corrosion attacks often show breaches firstly far away from the soldered joint so that mostly other reasons of damage (cracked drawing compounds) are simulated.
    Notes: Die häufigste zum Versagen von Kupferrohren in der Trinkwasserinstallation führende Korrosionsart ist die Lochkorrosion. Als schadensauslösend werden dabei in der Literatur die beim Weichglühen der Rohre gecrackten Ziehmittelreste (Kohlenstoffbeläge der Rohrinnenwandungen) und Rückstände von chloridhaltigen Weichlöt-Fluß-mitteln angesehen.Eigene Untersuchungen von Schadensfällen an Kupferrohren der Trinkwasserinstallation zeigen, daß die Ursache, welche zum Versagen der Rohre führt, meistens nicht gecrackte Ziehmittelreste oder eingeflossenes Flußmittel, sondern gecrackte Flußmittel sind. Diese gelangen, auf unterschiedlichste Art und Weise, in das Rohrinnere und werden beim Einwirken der Löttemperatur gecrackt. Da ein so eingeleiteter Korrosionsangriff oftmals erst in relativ weiter Entfernung von der Lötstelle zum Durchbruch führt (Kondensatzone), werden meist andere Schadensursachen (z. B. gecrackte Ziehmittelreste) vorgetäuscht.
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  • 19
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 438-439 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 20
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 21
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 14-18 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Creep Behaviour of Steel × 10 NiCrATi 32 20 at Elevated Temperatures and Over Long Periods.The demands made on the quality of materials for chemical plants are continually increasing. Not only has there been a changeover to large units and an increase in the pressures and temperatures employed, but for technical and financial reasons the properties of the materials must be optimally utilized. In components subjected to the highest stresses due to pressure and temperature, the service life has to be calculated with the aid of creep strength characteristics. On the basis of the austenitic material × 10NiCrAlTi 32 20 an attempt is made, with the aid of creep strength characteristics, which have been determined in our own long-time test, to make a statement regarding the structural states existing at defined times and to draw conclusions for the use of this material.
    Notes: Die Ansprüche an die Leistungsfähigkeit der Werkstoffe für Chemieanlagen wachsen ständig. So ist neben dem Übergang zu großen Einheiten nicht nur ein Ansteigen der Drücke und Temperaturen zu verzeichnen, sondern aus technischen und wirtschaftlichen Gründen auch ein optimale Ausnutzung der Werkstoffeigenschaften. Bei den durch Druck und Temperatur höchstbeanspruchten Bauteilen muß die Lebensdauer anhand von Zeitstandfestigkeitskennwerten berechnet werden.An dem austenitischen Werkstoff × 10 NiCrAlTi 32 20 wird versucht, anhand von Zeitstandfestigkeitsuntersuchungen, die im eigenen Langzeitversuch ermittelt sind, eine Aussage über die zeitabhängige Gefügeausbildung zu machen und daraus Schlüsse für den Einsatz dieses Werkstoffes zu ziehen.
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  • 22
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. A7 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 23
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 33-39 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Parametric Analysis of Creep Tests under Pressur and Kind of Failure in Thermoplastic Tubes under Chemical LoadCreep tests under pressure are a method to evaluate the long term behaviour of tubes under mechanical, thermic and chemical loading. However, this method does not enclude essential criteria of failure. In form of a parametric analysis this paper proves that “weeping” takes place much earlier than total failure by rupture.Investigations on the different kinds of damage within the tube material using light microscopy and electron scanning microscopy reveal- that it is not correct to transform results of creep tests with small and thin tubes to such of practically used dimensions. This is on the one hand based on the existance of different microstructures which are specific to the semicristalline material and on the macrostructure determined by production process on the other hand.In order to determine failure of tubes sufficiently new test methods are proposed.
    Notes: Das Zeitstandverhalten von Thermoplastrohren unter mechanischer, thermischer und chemischer Belastung wird durch den Zeitstandinnendruckversuch geprüft.Dabei werden bei der Versuchsdurchführung in der bisher üblichen Form wesentliche Versagenskriterien nicht erfaßt. In dieser Arbeit wird im Rahmen einer Parameteranalyse zum Zeitstandinnendruckversuch am Beispiel des Systems LDPE/H2SO4 nachgewiesen, daß ein Versagen durch Medienaustritt („Schwitzen“) weit vor dem mechanischen Versagen der Prüfkörper durch Bruch stattfindet. Die Betrachtung der Schädigungsmechanismen innerhalb der Rohrwand mit licht- und elektronenmikroskopischen Methoden zeigen, daß die Übertragbarkeit der an relativ kleinen Proberohren ermittelten Zeitstandwerte auf Rohre größerer Dimensionen nicht gegeben sein kann. Dies ist sowohl durch die werkstoffspezifischen Mikrostrukturen teilkristalliner Thermoplaste, als auch durch die herstellungsbedingten Makrostrukturen begründet.Es werden Versuchsanordnungen vorgeschlagen, die es erlauben, das Versagen von innendruckbelasteten Rohrproben hinreichend zu erfassen.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 72-72 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 88-90 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of undeformable particles on the extrusion texture of composite materialsThe influence of α-Al2O3 particles on the extrusion texture of Ni-, Cu or CuZn30-composites has been investigated, variing particle size and interparticles spacing.The rods show a 〈100〉-recrystallization texture, which decreases with greater values of the interparticle spacing. In the case of the addition-free Cu and CuZn30 a random orientation distribution of the crystals was found. These results are discussed in comparison with the results found on Al—Al2O3-composites.
    Notes: Der Einfluß von Teilchengröße und Teilchenabstand einer unverformbaren Phase (α-Al2O3) auf die Texturausbildung einer metallischen Matrix wird an stranggepreßten Verbundstangen mit Nickel-, Kupferoder CuZn30-Matrix untersucht.Alle stranggepreßten Stangen weisen bei kleinem Teilchenabstand (2,5 m̈m) eine scharfe 〈100〉-Rekristallisationstextur auf, die mit zunehmendem Abstand schwächer wird. Im Falle von zusatzfreiem Cu bzw. CuZn30 ist sogar eine regellose Orientierungsverteilung der Kristalle zu beobachten.Die Ergebnisse werden im Vergleich zu den bei Al—Al2O3 Verbundstangen gefundenen diskutiert.
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  • 26
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 160-167 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Separation of Acoustic Emission Signals by Computerized AnalysesFeatures extracted from acoustic emission signals by means of different analysis methods can be evaluated by the application of pattern recognition computer programs. By these methods it can be established, whether the employed features - maximum amplitude, signal rise time, pulse sum, pulse area, pulse energy and mean amplitude as well as simple characteristics of frequency spectra - are capable to distinguish acoustic emission signals or whether combinations of features lead to better results when single features fail.The efficiency of different analyses and the pattern recongnition programs is examined by four simulated types of signals. According to the employed analysis method there are distinct differences regarding the separation of acoustic emission. However, by applying feature combinations signal groups not separable by single analysis methods can be distinguished.
    Notes: Merkmale, die mit Hilfe verschiedener Analyseverfahren aus Schallemissionssignalen gewonnen werden, können durch den Einsatz von Rechenverfahren zur Mustererkennung bewertet werden. Durch Anwendung dieser Programme kann festgestellt werden, ob die verwendeten Merkmale - maximale Amplitude, Signalanstiegszeit, Schallsumme, Impulsfläche, Impulsenergie und mittlere Amplitude sowie einfache Kenngrößen aus Frequenzspektren - die Schallemissionssignale trennen können oder ob für den Fall, daß ein einzelnes Merkmal diese Aufgabe nicht löst, eine Kombination von Merkmalen zu einem besseren Ergebnis führt.Die Möglichkeiten der verschiedenen Analysen sowie der Mustererkennungsprogramme werden anhand von vier simulierten Signalarten überprüft. Je nach Analyseverfahren ergeben sich dabei deutliche Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Trennung der Schallemissionen. Jedoch kann selbst bei Signalgruppen, die mit einem Analyseverfahren nicht getrennt werden können, durch die Anwendung von Merkmalskombinationen die Unterscheidung verbessert werden.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 174-181 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Special Methods of Anti-Corrosion Treatment in Heat ExchangersAn anti-corrosion treatment must be adapted to the design of the heat exchanger and the conditions under which it is used. It is often the case, therefore, that highly specialized solutions are found. For the tubular heat exchanger, an organic coating has frequently proved suitable. The results obtained are determined by the construction, the surface characteristics of the components and paying attention to the risk of blister formation. The enamelling is problematic due to the complicated shapes involved and is still at the early stages of development. With water-cooled condensers, cleaning of the tubes while the equipment is running has proved successful. It alleviates the corrosion problem and assists the action of the inhibitors. Equipment made from materials such as titanium and austenitic CrNi steels, which are capable of being passivated, can frequently be retained in a passive state by adding air to the corrosive medium. In such cases, the excessive corrosion would normally necessitate the use of an expensive material. Where damage is caused by gaps and dead spaces it is not always possible to find a constructional remedy. A well-devised construction can subsequently be decisively influenced by manufacturing techniques relating to the structure, the state of internal stress or the surface condition.
    Notes: Ein Korrosionsschutz muß auf Bauart und Einsatzbedingungen des Wärmetauschers abgestimmt sein, so daß sich oft ganz spezielle Lösungen ergeben. Für den Röhrenwärmetauscher bietet sich häufig eine organische Beschichtung an. Konstruktion, Oberflächenbeschaffenheit des Halbzeugs und Rücksicht auf die Gefahr der Blasenbildung bestimmen den Erfolg. Die Emaillierung ist wegen der komplizierten Formen problematisch und noch am Anfang der Entwicklung. Bei wassergekühlten Kondensatoren hat sich das Rohrreinigungsverfahren unter laufendem Betrieb bewährt. Es entschärft das Korrosionsproblem und unterstützt die Wirkung von Inhibitoren. Apparate aus passivierbaren Werkstoffen, wie Titan und austenitischen CrNi-Stählen, lassen sich häufig durch eine Dosierung von Luft zum angreifenden Medium passiv halten, wo andernfalls infolge zu starker Korrosion ein teureres Material erforderlich wäre. Für Schäden, die durch Spalte und Toträume bedingt sind, läßt sich nicht immer eine konstruktive Abhilfe finden. Eine gut durchdachte Konstruktion kann durch fertigungstechnische Maßnahmen, die das Gefüge, den Eigenspannungs- oder Oberflächenzustand betreffen, noch entscheidend beeinflußt werden.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. A44 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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  • 29
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of Different Degrees of Purity on the Fatigue Strength of Spring Steel 55 Cr 3One of the most important factors for construction and development of high strength springs is the material selection. In this connection the opinion is often represented in bibliography that material defects are the main reason for fractures.Besides surface defects (surface decarburization or rolling defects) essentially nonmetallic inclusions are described as causes of fractures. Therefore high degrees of purity are demanded especially for severe strained springs, which only can be obtained by very expensive special melting processes.By testing specimens of spring steel 55 Cr 3 with different degrees of purity in the present work the quantitative influence of nonmetallic inclusions on the fatigue life was to be examined. About 400 repeated torsion tests with annealed as well as annealed and shotpeened specimens were carried out accompanied by investigations to determine inclusions causing fracture and their size.
    Notes: Bei der Konstruktion und Entwicklung von Federn spielt die Werkstoffauswahl im Hinblick auf die Dauerschwingfestigkeit eine wichtige Rolle. In diesem Zusammenhang begegnet man im entsprechenden Schrifttum häufig der Auffassung, daß Werkstoffehler als Hauptursache von Brüchen infrage kommen.Neben den äußeren Fehlern, wie Randentkohlung, Walzfehler usw. werden bevorzugt nichtmetallische Einschlüsse als Ursache von Brüchen dargestellt, so daß vor allem bei hochbeanspruchten Federn Reinheitsgrade gefordert werden, die nur mit sehr teueren Sondererschmelzungsverfahren zu erreichen sind.In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde versucht, an Proben der Federstahlgüte 55 Cr 3 (W.-Nr. 1.7176) mit gezielt unterschiedlich eingestelltem Reinheitsgrad den Einfluß von Größe und Anzahl nichtmetallischer Einschlüsse auf die Lebensdauer von Schwingproben quantitativ zu erfassen. Anhand von etwa 400 Torsionsschwellversuchen an vergüteten und polierten bzw. kugelgestrahlten Probestäben sollten diese Zusammenhänge aufgezeigt und durch begleitende Untersuchungen, insbesondere durch Ermittlung bruchauslösender Einschlüsse und deren Größenbestimmung, ergänzt werden.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 227-229 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Diffusion Bonding of Silicon CarbidesSilicon carbide is a material that is suitable for high temperature application, especially for heat exchangers at high temperatures.Besides the problem of producing large components out of ceramics a technique for joining silicon carbide has to be developed. At high temperatures the joint has to be gastight und sufficient strength must be guaranteed. Diffusion bonding proved to be a good technique. The temperatures necessary for diffusion bonding are around 1200 °C, inert atmosphere or vacuum was used. The parameters of the procedures are discussed and correlated to strength, microstructure and permeability for gases.
    Notes: Siliziumcarbid ist ein Werkstoff, der für Hochtemperaturanwendungen, besonders für Hochtemperatur-Wärmetauscher geeignet ist.Neben dem Problem, große Bauteile aus dieser Keramik zu produzieren, muß eine Fügetechnik entwickelt werden. Bei hohen Temperaturen sollen gefügte Teile gasdicht sein und ausreichende Festigkeiten müssen garantiert werden. Diffusionsschweißen hat sich dafür bewährt.Die Temperatur, die für die Diffusionsschweißung in Vakuum oder Schutzgas benötigt worden ist, lag bei 1200 °C. Es werden die Verfahrensparameter in Korrelation zu der Festigkeit des Verbundes, dem Gefüge und der Gasdurchlässigkeit diskutiert.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. A55 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. A60 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of a Gradient of Composition on X-Ray Stress AnalysisIn the last years several factors were shown which lead to nonlinear sin2Ψ-distributions in x-ray stress analysis, like rotation of the principal stresses with respect to the normal to surface, steep stress gradients under the surface and a texture in the material under investigation.A fourth factor is revealed which becomes active, when gradients of the composition are present. In case of a chromized Fe-sample the influence on x-ray stress analysis is shown by measurement and theoretically as well. A method of correction is introduced, which is checked by use of a model sample.The x-ray residual stresses of the chromized Fe-sample are in accordance with such ones determined mechanically.
    Notes: Es wurden in den letzten Jahren verschiedene Einflußfaktoren aufgezeigt, die zu nichtlinearen sin2Ψ-Verteilungen bei röntgenographischen Spannungsmessungen führen. Hierzu gehören eine Drehung der wirksamen Hauptspannungen gegenüber der Probenoberflächennormalen, ein starker Gradient des Spannungszustandes nach der Tiefe unter der Oberfläche sowie das Vorliegen einer Textur im zu untersuchenden Material.Es wird hier ein vierter Einflußfaktor aufgezeigt, der in Kraft tritt, wenn Konzentrationsgefälle der Zusammensetzung auftreten. Anhand des Beispieles einer chromierten Fe-Probe wird meßtechnisch und theoretisch dieser Einfluß auf die röntgenographische Spannungsanalyse erörtert und eine Korrektur ermöglicht. Mit Hilfe eines Modellwerkstoffes wird die Methode überprüft. Es ergibt sich eine gute Übereinstimmung zwischen röntgenographisch und mechanisch ermittelten Werten der Eigenspannungen an dem chromierten Eisen.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. A63 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 309-315 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Experimental Factors Affecting Oxide GrowthResults of galvanostatic anodization of various metals with varying valve-metal behaviour including Nb, Ta, Zr, Ti, Al, W, Te, Sb, and Bi are compiled and compared with respect to the effect of various experimental factors such as surface pretreatment, stirring, solution composition, temperature of the bath, on the efficiency of oxide growth relative to that for other anodic processes. It is concluded that all of the above factors play an important role in the anodization of the non-typical valve metals, particularly Sb, Bi and W. Typical anodic charging curves associated with the process of oxide growth are given for several valve metals. Experimental data relevant to the phenomena of oxide breakdown are recorded and compared. The results indicate that the mechanism of breakdown varies for the same metal with variations in the experimental conditions.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 375-383 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: New Perceptions and Potentialities in Polymer-, Chemical-, Apparatus- and Piping ConstructionsAfter fundamental observations on diffusion and swelling behaviour of polymers follows an explanation for the “stress-cracking-corrosion” phenomenon also found in plastics, with the action of aggressive chemicals. This phenomenon is attributed to residual stresses due to diffusion.Fibre reinforced plastic constructions are difficult to classify into their reliability. New technics for the mechanical fabrication of important semi - finished products as for example pipes etc. have been developed. The scheme of a filament winding with a computer for winding pipes is introduced. At last is pointed to the development of the fabrication of GRP-constructions by robots.
    Notes: Nach grundlegenden Betrachtungen zum Diffusions- und Quellverhalten von polymeren Werkstoffen wird das auch bei Kunststoffen auftretende Phänomen der „Spannungsrißkorrosion“ bei Einwirkung aggressiver Medien beschrieben, das auf diffusionsbedingte Eigenspannungen rückgeführt werden kann.Faserverstärkte Kunststoffkonstruktionen sind wegen der weitgehend manuellen Fertigung in ihrer Zuverlässigkeit schwer einzustufen. Neue Techniken für die maschinelle Fertigung wichtiger Halbzeuge wie Rohre, T-Stücke und Krümmer wurden entwickelt. Das Schema einer rechnergesteuerten Wickelanlage zum Wickeln von Rohrformstücken wird vorgestellt.Abschließend wird auf die Entwicklung einer Fertigung von GFK-Bauteilen mit Hilfe von Robotern hingewiesen, durch die das Handlaminieren entfallen kann.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 411-420 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Basic Chemistry and Physics of Macromolecular MaterialsPlastics are high polymers, and their molecular configuration differs from that of many classical materials. The molecular character governs their appearance and properties. They are produced by polymerisation, polycondensation and polyaddition processes.Plastics that are important for the construction of chemical engineering equipment are produced by polymerisation.Developments in plastics have by no means been completed. Although new classes of products can no longer be expected, the trends will be towards composites, materials systems and optimation of chemical and physical properties.
    Notes: Kunststoffe sind hochpolymere Werkstoffe und unterscheiden sich von vielen, sogenannten „klassischen Werkstoffen“ durch ihren molekularen Aufbau. Der molekulare Charakter bestimmt das Erscheinungsbild der Kunststoffe und gleichfalls ihre Eigenschaften. Herstellungsverfahren für Kunststoffe sind:Polymerisation, Polykondensation und Polyaddition.Die für den chemischen Apparatebau wichtigsten Chemiewerkstoffe werden nach dem Verfahren der Polymerisation hergestellt.Die Entwicklung der Kunststoffe ist noch keineswegs abgeschlossen. Wenn aber keine neuen Produktklassen mehr zu erwarten sind, so ist der weitere Weg der Kunststoffentwicklung gekennzeichnet durch Verbundwerkstoffe, Werkstoff-Systeme und Optimierung der chemisch-physikalischen Eigenschaften.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 449-449 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 11-16 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; SCOT column ; Coating, liquid phase ; Single-step coating ; Phenols ; Phenolic acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A single-step coating method for the preparation of glass capillary SCOT columns is described. It is reproducible and less time-consuming than the well-known two-step coating procedures. Other methods attempted are discussed briefly. Both the flame ionization and electron capture detectors could be used in conjunction with temperature programming. The separations achieved with an “activity mixture”, phenols and phenolic acids, illustrate the resolution obtained. The columns are suitable for quantitative determinations and a comparison is made with a conventional packed column.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 38-39 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary column ; Activity ; Hydroxylated surfaces ; Dehydroxylated surfaces ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 83-85 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC ; Nanoliter volume detector ; 1.5 × 10-5 AU noise (0.1 μl 0.1% benzene in methanol) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 95-96 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 115-120 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: TLC ; Gradient and continuous development ; Amino acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thin-layer gradient elution chromatography is a convenient technique for separation of very complicated mixtures; in some cases the gradient technique can be replaced by continuous development. The two techniques are compared in practice by using them to separate a mixture of dabsyl derivatives of amino acids.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 123-124 
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    Keywords: (GC)2 in short capillaries ; Liquid crystalline stationary phase ; Supercooled temperature range ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 132-134 
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    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC ; Chlorhexidine in pharmaceutical preparations ; Quantitation within 0.66-3.41% relative standard deviation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 142-142 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 411-412 
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    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Chemical bonding - cross-linking ; Apolar columns ; Preparation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 419-421 
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    Keywords: HPLC ; Extraction fluorimetry ; Canrenone ; Serum drug levels ; Comparison ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 429-430 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 54
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 500-507 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Weak anion exchanger ; Octadecyl bonded packing ; Urine analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The analysis of ultraviolet-absorbing constituents in urine was undertaken by anion-exchange and reversed-phase liquid chromatography. A newly developed anion exchanger (TSK-IEX540 DEAE) was used for ion-exchange mode liquid chromatography and its high polarity and physical strength greatly reduced the analysis time. Up to 80 peaks were resolved within 30 min. Hydrophobicity values were used to predict the retention times of acids in reversed-phase mode liquid chromatography.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 523-524 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Split injection ; Injection time influence ; PAH ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 533-534 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; End-sealing method for static coating ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 532-533 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Micro high performance liquid chromatography, MHPLC ; Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, FT- IR ; Combination of MHPLC and FT-IR ; KBr buffer memory technique ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 421-422 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Unstable flavor compound ; Comparison of fused silica, glass, and metal columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 42-42 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 60
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 49-53 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary ; Routine analysis of C1-C6 carboxylic acids ; Animal wastes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The C1 -C6 fatty acids present in various types of heterogeneous animal wastes were isolated by steam distillation and determined as benzyl esters by high resolution gas chromatography. Glass capillary columns, deactivated with barium carbonate and coated with UCON HB 5100, allowed the analysis of benzyl formate, acetate, propionate, isobutyrate, butyrate, isovalerate, valerate, and caproate in less than 20 minutes. Recovery tests, performed on more than 50 different samples, indicated a benzylation yield and an overall efficiency higher than 99%, with a standard deviation of 2.6% (C5) to 6.0% (C1). The absolute detection limit ranged from 0.3 picomole (caproic acid) to 1.0 picomole (formic acid).
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  • 61
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 60-69 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: GC/FT-IR ; Environmental pollutants analysis ; Nondestructive detection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An integrated gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (GC/FT-IR) system developed for the analysis of environmental pollutants is described. The versatility of the system allows the utilization of many different techniques of sample introduction and manipulation during analysis. The sample can be introduced by direct injection or thermal desorption from an adsorbent cartridge, and can then be separated on one of two capillary columns and detected by FT-IR or an FID. Cold traps and collection cartridges incorporated in the system permit recovery and additional fractionation of samples. Recovered sample and sample fractions can then be re-analyzed by GC/FT-IR or subsequently analyzed by GC/MS or other methods.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 495-499 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column, fused silica ; Mass spectrometry ; Interface, direct coupling ; On-column injection ; Aflatoxin B1 ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel fused silica capillary GC/MS direct coupling is described which ensures quantitative transfer of sample from the point of injection to the ion source of a mass spectrometer without contacting any surfaces other than the column wall. This device permits GC analysis of highly labile substances. Aflatoxin B1, previously considered unassayable by GC, can now be determined by GC/MS.
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  • 63
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 515-518 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Size exclusion chromatography ; Pore size determination ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Simultaneous use of large standard molecules and small particles of the product examined gives rise to errors in pore size determination by size exclusion chromatography. This error is calculated for packings of spherical particles, thus making corrections possible.
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  • 64
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 136-137 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: TLC, HPLTC ; Quantitation of PGE1 in organic solvents ; PGE1 concentration from 0.05 to 1.0 mg/ml ; Overall standard deviation 3.6% ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Direct in situ determination of PGE1 in dioxane/water (1:1) at concentrations between 50 μg/ml and 1 mg/ml is described. HPTLC of PGE1 was carried out on HPTLC Kieselgel 60 o.F. plates; application (200 nl) was with a Nano-Appllcator and ethyl acetate/formic acid (400:5, v/v) served as mobile phase. The spots were located by dipping the plates into a 3% cupric acetate solution in 15% aqueous phosphoric acid, followed by heating at 120°C for 15 min. The plates were then evaluated directly at λ = 345 nm by chromatogram spectrometry. The coefficient of variation is 3.6%.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 530-531 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Micro-HPLC ; Post-column colorimetric detection has advantages over radiometric methods ; Separation of 15 rare earth metals ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 143-145 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 147-148 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 164-168 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Simultaneous detection with effluent splitter ; Element-specific detection ; Petroleum residues ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two glass capillary gas chromatographic systems were equipped with inert effluent splitters which allowed simultaneous data acquisition using nonspecific and element-specific detectors. Simultaneous detection was achieved using the nonspecific flame ionization detector (FID) and the Hall® electrolytic conductivity detector (HECD) operated in either the sulfur-or the nitrogen-specific mode. Typical application of the simultaneous detection system as applied to analysis of petroleum residues is briefly described. The Hall electrolytic conductivity detector can be made element specific for halogen-, sulfur-, or nitrogen-containing compounds. Simultaneous detection enhances the information yield from a single sample injection and proves to be a powerful complementary technique when used with computerized gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 169-172 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Residue analysis ; Pirimiphos-methyl ; Malathion ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A gas chromatographic method developed for the simultaneous determination of residues of pirimiphos-methyl (O-[2-(dimethyl-amino)-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl] O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate) and malathion (diethyl mercaptosuccinate S-ester with O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate), in whole peanuts, peanut hulls, peanut meats, and peanut oil gives good recoveries and has a limit of detection for pirimiphos-methyl and malathion of 0.04 ppm. Quantitative analysis for the two insecticides with electronic integration was reliable to 0.1 ppm.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 224-227 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer adsorption chromatography ; Optimum separation ; Binary mobile phases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The measure of the distribution of a mixture of substances in TLC with a binary mobile phase is expressed as ΔRM1,2i,j which represents the difference between the RM values of substances i and j on use of the binary solvent 1 + 2 as the mobile phase. The possibility of determining its maximum value at an optimum composition of the binary mobile phase is demonstrated in this paper. This value can calculated from experimental and theoretical functions RM1,2 = f(Φ1) of substance i and j. More simply, ΔRM1,2i,j can be calculated theoretically from easily measurable adsorption parameters of excess adsorption isotherms and from chromatographic parameters obtained for pure solvents. The ΔRM1,2i,j value calculated theoretically can be utilized in a pilot technique for determination of the optimum composition of the mobile phase in gradient liquid chromatography.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 242-243 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC ; Milk extract concentrate ; 2-Hydroxybiphenyl + 4-hydroxybiphenyl by addition of 0.1% glacial acetic acid ; 0.03 ppm detection limit ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 260-265 
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    Keywords: Gas chromatography, capillary ; Injection technique ; Sample discrimination ; Alkanes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Discrimination may occur when injecting samples onto gas chromatography capillary columns, whereby peak areas for higher boiling point compounds are smaller than they should be compared to lower boiling compounds. This problem is most important in quantitative work on solutes having a wide range of volatility. An all-glass inlet system was used. Injections were made with a 10-μl syringe onto a column without and injection point heater and with the column oven about 20°C below the boiling point of the solvent used for the solutes. Discrimination did not occur in a range of C12 to C36 n-alkanes.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 276-279 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Linear elution strength mobile phase technique ; Calculation of eluent compostion ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The use of gradient elution in RP-HPLC is increasing. Aqueous buffers, such as phosphate at pH 1.7, with acetonitrile as the organic modifier are particularly advantageous as eluents with linear elution strength (LES). In the isocratic mode, under the experimental conditions used, fairly good linearity exists between logk' and xB (xBº is the volume ratio of the organic modifier, i.e. acetonitrile) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995. The relationship between isocratic and gradient elution parameters, such as xB, xBº (starting composition in gradient elution), m (slope of the linear gradient), is transparent and the parameters of interest can be predicted fairly accurately using simple equations. The proposed system could be used in elaboration of a general retention index system for organic molecules in RP-HPLC.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 295-296 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; On-column injection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 244-246 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Column packing materials ; Particle size fractionation ranging from 14.5 ±1.5 to 29.5 ± 3 μm ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described for separating column packing materials into series of products of any desired narrow particle size distributions.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 257-259 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Dihydro dimethyl ethers of vitamin K1 ; Separtion of diastereomers ; Characterization of source of vitamin K1 samples ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described for the gas-chromatographic determination of the diastereomers of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) in the form of their dihydro dimethyl ethers. The reported method of derivatization and chromatographic analysis in conjunction with optical rotation measurements are useful approaches for characterization of vitamin K1 samples with respect to their origin.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 292-292 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 292-292 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 333-336 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Rapid analysis ; On-line analysis ; Low molecular weight hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rapid analysis is important for on-line chromatography. Gaseous or vaporized samples have been injected via heated gas sampling valves of less than 500 μl dead volume. The critical sampling and split problems could be solved by temperature programming. The general analysis described could be successfully used inter alia in scouting reactions.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 357-358 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Partition thin-layer chromatography ; Pesticides ; Separation of the s-triazine herbicides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 81
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Dynamic headspace analysis ; Solid waste ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A dynamic headspace stripping technique for the extraction of volatile organic compounds has been applied to a variety of solid and semisolid waste materials. A simple glass apparatus accommodates a wide range of sample sizes and allows for the volatiles to be stripped at elevated temperatures. Concentration on Tenax, followed by thermal desorption and analysis by fused silica capillary gas chromatography provides detailed information on the volatile content of waste samples of widely differing matrix composition.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 417-418 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Mapping of 25 μg tryptic peptides with overall recovery of 50-90% ; Two cysteine residues found in P-component ; Exact alignment and easy identification of redistribution due to reproducible retention times ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 427-428 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 448-453 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Reverse-phase HPLC ; Continuous gradient elution ; Butoprozine and 14C-labeled butoprozine ; Screening for metabolites in dog bile ; Clean-up of bile ; UV and radiochemical detection ; Differentiation between peaks ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper describes the screening for metabolites of butoprozine, a new anti-anginal drug, in dog bile by means of reverse-phase HPLC. Although it does involve a simple clean-up step to remove a substantial amount of endogenous bile compounds, this screening method nevertheless avoids extraction of metabolites and thus allows all metabolites to be introduced into the chromatographic system. A single run of 100 minutes from 100% water to 100% methanol in a linear gradient effects adequate separation of the great majority of metabolites without interference from remaining endogenous compounds.Two methods of differentiating between metabolite peaks and endogenous peaks have been worked out. The first one makes use of 14C-labeled butoprozine by measuring the amount of radioactivity in the column effluent while simultaneously recording the UV absorbance. The second method compares continuous gradient chromatograms of bile recorded before and after butoprozine administration under very similar conditions. The latter method can be applied to both radioactive and non-radioactive materials.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 527-529 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Thermodynamics ; Identification of analytes ; Olefins ; Squalane ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 535-536 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Racemate separation ; L-Phenylalanine-copper complex used as chiral reagent ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 612-615 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Porous layer open tubular fused silica columns ; Aluminum oxide ; C1-C5 hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described for the preparation of a Porous Layer Open Tubular (PLOT) fused silica column coated with submicron particles of aluminum oxide for the analysis of light hydrocarbons. The column is thermally stable and provides reproducible analytical data over a long period of time. The column can be operated at temperatures easily controlled by commercially available gas chromatographic apparatus. 1,3-Butadiene is retarded much more than its principal impurities: thus the polarity of aluminum oxide is extremely useful for butadiene analysis because none of the contaminants is obscured by the butadiene peak. The analysis of the 16 most common C1-C4 hydrocarbons is achieved within 5 min at 60°C with helium as the carrier gas. Conditioning of the carrier gas with water vapor from CuSO4.5H2O to decrease the activity of the aluminum oxide is described. Some applications of a 30 m × 0.32 mm aluminum oxide PLOT column are given.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 588-588 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary columns ; End sealing ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 603-611 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer/data system ; Dynamic headspace analysis ; Focused cryogenic trapping ; Pyrolysis ; Polymers ; Adhesives ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Focused cryogenic trapping has been used to maximize the high resolution capabilities of fused silica capillary columns during dynamic headspace and pyrolytic polymer analyses. Mass spectrometric detection with data system recording/processing provide sensitive, selective, and rapid results. The techniques described herein demonstrate the power of both dynamic headspace and pyrolytic analyses for troubleshooting applications with complex industrial polymer products.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 649-651 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: GC/MS ; Capillary, fused silica ; Anilines ; Acetylation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 651-652 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Handy micro burner ; Drilling out a Vespel® ferrule ; Adaptor for straightening capillary ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 664-664 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 31-32 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 40-50 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Rein geometrischer Größeneinfluß im Schwingversuch mit konstanter Spannungsamplitude und im Programm-Belastungs-VersuchDie Untersuchung behandelt den geometrischen Größeneinfluß an vergüteten Proben des Stahles 37 Cr 4 für Einstufen- und Vielstufen-Schwingbelastung. Es wurde gezeigt, daß das Verhältnis βk/αk von geometrisch ähnlichen Proben bei Vergrößerung des Kerbradius asymptotisch zunimmt und dabei einem Wert zustrebt, der kleiner als eins ist. Die Formel von Stieler für das Verhältnis αk/βk ergibt nicht genau die Verminderung der Dauerfestigkeit mit zunehmendem Durchmesser. Eine genauere Beschreibung des Größeneinflusses erhält man mit Hilfe der Zweiparameter-Formel, die die Makro- und Mikro-Stützwirkungen berücksichtigt.Der Einfluß der Probengröße wurde auch bei Vielstufen-Schwingbelastung untersucht. Es scheint, daß dieser Einfluß bereits bei einem kleinerem Durchmesser als der Größeneinfluß auf die Dauerfestigkeit abklingt. Die Lebensdauer bei Programmbelastung und die Schadenssumme waren bedeutend größer für die kleineren (d = 8,9 mm) als für die größeren Proben (d = 22,26 mm), aber eine weitere Steigerung der Probengröße scheint einen kleinen Einfluß zu haben.
    Notes: The investigation considers the geometrical size effect for heat-treated 37 Cr 4 steel specimens in the case of one-level and multi-level fatigue tests. It was shown that the ratio Notch Factor/SCF of geometrically similar specimens increases asymptotically with the notch radius, tending to a value less than 1. The formula of Stieler for the ratio SCF/Notch Factor do not describe correctly the decrease of the fatigue limit with specimen diameter. A more exact description of the size effect is obtained with the aid of a two-parameter formula, which takes into account the support effect of the cyclic strain hardening and of the stress gradient.An effect of specimen size on fatigue life was also investigated in the case of multi-level tests. It seems that this effect is associated with a smaller diameter interval than the effect of size on the fatigue limit. This is connected with the higher plastification of the notched area in programme tests with maximum stress much higher than the fatigue limit. The programme fatigue life and the damage sum were considerably larger for the smaller (d = 8.9 mm) than for the larger (d = 22.26 mm) specimens, but further increase of the specimen diameter seems to have a slight effect.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 104-105 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. A36 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 100
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 12 (1981), S. 167-174 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Fracture Toughness Determination of Alumina and Cemented Carbide with Different Testing MethodsFracture toughness of a sintered alumina and two tungsten carbidecobalt materials was determined using four-point-bend specimens with straight through and chevron notches and with the short rod specimen. With the specimens with a straight through notch a lower KIc was measured for Al2O3 and a higher for WC-Co compared to the chevron-notched specimens. This behavior was explained by the different shapes of the crack growth resistance curves and the different critical notch radii. For Al2O3 a steeply rising crack growth resistance curve was measured in a controlled fracture test, for WC-Co a flatter curve was obtained. The effect of the shape of the crack growth resistance curve and of notch width on the evaluated toughness is discussed.
    Notes: An einem gesinterten Aluminiumoxid und zwei WC-Co-Hartmetallen wurde der Bruchwiderstand im Vierpunkt-Biegeversuch mit Flachkerben und Spitzkerben sowie mit der kurzen Rundprobe mit Spitzkerbe bestimmt. Bei Al2O3 ergab sich mit den Flachkerbproben ein kleinerer Wert als mit den Spitzkerbproben, bei WC-Co war es umgekehrt. Dieses Verhalten wurde auf die unterschiedliche Form der Rißwiderstandskurve und die unterschiedliche Größe der kritischen Kerbradien zurückgeführt. Bei Al2O3 wurde im kontrollierten Bruchversuch eine stark ansteigende, bei WC-Co eine flache Rißwiderstandskurve gemessen. Der Einfluß der Form der Rißwiderstandskurve und der Kerbbreite auf die ermittelten Kennwerte wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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