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  • English  (594)
  • German  (301)
  • Spanish  (2)
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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Reimer, Berlin
    In:  Heraugeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Mit dieser Festschrift soll das wissenschaftliche und akademische Wirken von MAX RICHTER geehrt werden. Anläßlich seines 65. Geburtstages widmeten ihm seine Schüler bereits eine Festschrift, doch setzte der Jubilar seine Lehre und Forschung bis zum heutigen 80. Geburtstag in körperlicher und geistiger Frische fort. Entsprechend der vorrangigen Forschungstätigkeit von MAX RICHTER erhielt die Festschrift als Rahmenthema "Geologie junger Orogene". Über 50 Jahre geologisches Arbeiten in den Alpen, aber auch im gesamten Mittelmeerraum und in Nordamerika erbrachten eine Fülle von Publikationen des Jubilars mit richtungsweisenden Erkenntnissen.
    Description: commemorativepublication
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 551 ; Orogene als festländische Erdkrustentypen {Tektonik} ; Festschriften {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; Junges Faltengebirge ; Geologie ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-11-03
    Description: Stable organic carbon and nitrogen isotopes can be used to interpret past vegetation patterns and ecosystem qualities. Here we present these proxies for two loess-palaeosol sequences from the southern Carpathian Basin to reconstruct the palaeoenvironment during the past 350 ka and establish regional commonalities and differences. Until now, isotopic studies on loess sequences from this region were only conducted on deposits from the last glacial cycle. We conducted methodological tests concerning the complete decalcification of the samples prior to stable isotope analyses. Two decalcification methods (fumigation method and wet chemical acidification), different treatment times, and the reproducibility of carbon isotope analyses were tested. Obtained results indicate that the choice of the decalcification method is essential for organic carbon stable isotope analyses of loess-palaeosol sequences because ratios vary by more than 10‰ between the wet chemical and fumigation methods, due to incomplete carbonate removal by the latter. Therefore, we suggest avoiding the fumigation method for studies on loess-palaeosol sequences. In addition, our data show that samples with TOC content 〈0.2% bear increased potential for misinterpretation of their carbon isotope ratios. For our sites, C3-vegetation is predominant and no palaeoenvironmental shifts leading to a change of the dominant photosynthesis pathway can be detected during the Middle to Late Pleistocene. Furthermore, the potential for further stable nitrogen isotope studies is highlighted, since this proxy seems to reflect especially past precipitation patterns and reveals favourable conditions in the southern Carpathian Basin, especially during interstadials.
    Keywords: 551 ; southern Carpathian Basin ; loess-palaeosol sequences ; stable isotope analyses ; Pleistocene ecosystem reconstruction
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-11-03
    Description: In Antarctic and Subantarctic environments, 14C-based age determination is often challenging due to unknown reservoir effects, low organic carbon contents of sediments, and high contributions of petrogenic (14C-free) carbon in ice marginal settings. In this study, we evaluate possible benefits and challenges of compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) as a tool for age determination of marine Antarctic and Subantarctic sediment sequences. We present a comprehensive data set of 14C ages obtained on bulk organic carbon, carbonates, and on fatty acids (FA) from three coastal marine sediment cores from Subantarctic South Georgia and East Antarctica. Low molecular weight (LMW) FA represent the least 14C-depleted fraction, indicating that the phytoplankton-derived compounds can be a means of dating sediments. In contrast, vascular plant-derived high molecular weight FA are systematically depleted in 14C relative to the low molecular weight homologues, reflecting processes such as soil formation/erosion in the catchment. Comparative age-depth models show significant differences, depending on the material used for the respective models. While the land plant-derived FA may lead to an overestimation of the actual sediment age, LMW FA reveal complex aquatic reservoir effects. Bulk sedimentary organic carbon 14C ages likely provide appropriate age estimates in settings with low petrogenic carbon input in the Antarctic, whereas CSRA has the potential to produce improved age control in settings with high contributions of petrogenic carbon.
    Keywords: 551 ; Antarctica ; marine sediments ; compound‐specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA)
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-10-28
    Description: It is widely assumed that the ventilation of the Southern Ocean played a crucial role in driving glacial-interglacial atmospheric CO2 levels. So far, however, ventilation records from the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean are widely missing. Here we present reconstructions of water residence times (depicted as ΔΔ14C and Δδ13C) for the last 32,000 years on sediment records from the Kerguelen Plateau and the Conrad Rise (~570- to 2,500-m water depth), along with simulated changes in ocean stratification from a transient climate model experiment. Our data indicate that Circumpolar Deep Waters in the Indian Ocean were part of the glacial carbon pool. At our sites, close to or bathed by upwelling deep waters, we find two pulses of decreasing ΔΔ14C and δ13C values (~21–17 ka; ~15–12 ka). Both transient pulses precede a similar pattern in downstream intermediate waters in the tropical Indian Ocean as well as rising atmospheric CO2 values. These findings suggest that 14C-depleted, CO2-rich Circumpolar Deep Water from the Indian Ocean contributed to the rise in atmospheric CO2 during Heinrich Stadial 1 and also the Younger Dryas and that the southern Indian Ocean acted as a gateway for sequestered carbon to the atmosphere and tropical intermediate waters.
    Keywords: 551 ; radiocarbon ; ventilation ; Southern Ocean ; Younger Dryas ; carbon cycle ; Indian Ocean
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-10-28
    Description: There is a converging body of evidence supporting a measurable slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) as climate warms and Northern Hemisphere ice sheets inexorably shrink. Within this context, we assess the variability of the AMOC during the Holocene based on a marine sediment core retrieved from the deep northwest Atlantic, which sensitively recorded large-scale deglacial transitions in deep water circulation. While there is a diffuse notion of Holocene variability in Labrador and Nordic Seas overturning, we report a largely invariable deep water circulation for the last ~11,000 years, even during the meltwater pulse associated with the 8.2-ka event. Sensitivity tests along with high-resolution 231Pa/230Th data constrain the duration and the magnitude of possible Holocene AMOC variations. The generally constant baseline during the Holocene suggests attenuated natural variability of the large-scale AMOC on submillennial timescales and calls for compensating effects involving the upstream components of North Atlantic Deep Water.
    Keywords: 551 ; AMOC ; Holocene ; high resolution 231Pa/230Th ; Bermuda Rise ; sensitivity tests
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-10-29
    Description: Tunnel valleys are major features of glaciated margins and they enable meltwater expulsion from underneath a thick ice cover. Their formation is related to the erosion of subglacial sediments by overpressured meltwater and direct glacial erosion. Yet, the impact of pre-existing structures on their formation and morphology remains poorly known. High-quality 3D seismic data allowed the mapping of a large tunnel valley that eroded underlying preglacial delta deposits in the southern North Sea. The valley follows the N–S strike of crestal faults related to a Zechstein salt wall. A change in downstream tunnel valley orientation towards the SE accompanies a change in the strike direction of salt-induced faults. Fault offsets indicate important activity of crestal faults during the deposition of preglacial deltaic sediments. We propose that crestal faults facilitated tunnel valley erosion by acting as high-permeability pathways and allowing subglacial meltwater to reach low-permeability sediments in the underlying Neogene deltaic sequences, ultimately resulting in meltwater overpressure build-up and tunnel valley excavation. Active faults probably also weakened the near-surface sediment to allow a more efficient erosion of the glacial substrate. This control of substrate structures on tunnel valley morphology is considered as a primary factor in subglacial drainage pattern development in the study area.
    Keywords: 551 ; southern North Sea ; Quarternary ; tunnel valley formation ; salt-induced faults
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-10-29
    Description: The timing and mechanisms of the Cretaceous sea incursions into Central Asia are still poorly constrained. We provide a new chronostratigraphic framework based on biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy together with detailed paleoenvironmental analyses of Cretaceous records of the proto-Paratethys Sea fluctuations in the Tajik and Tarim basins. The Early Cretaceous marine incursion in the western Tajik Basin was followed by major marine incursions during the Cenomanian (ca. 100 Ma) and Santonian (ca. 86 Ma) that reached far into the eastern Tajik and Tarim basins. These marine incursions were separated by a Turonian-Coniacian (ca. 92–86 Ma) regression. Basin-wide tectonic subsidence analyses imply that the Early Cretaceous sea incursion into the Tajik Basin was related to increased Pamir tectonism. We find that thrusting along the northern edge of the Pamir at ca. 130–90 Ma resulted in increased subsidence in a retro-arc basin setting. This tectonic event and coeval eustatic highstand resulted in the maximum observed geographic extent of the sea during the Cenomanian (ca. 100 Ma). The following Turonian-Coniacian (ca. 92–86 Ma) major regression, driven by eustasy, coincides with a sharp slowdown in tectonic subsidence during the late orogenic unloading period with limited thrusting. The Santonian (ca. 86 Ma) major sea incursion was likely controlled by eustasy as evidenced by the coeval fluctuations in the west Siberian Basin. An early Maastrichtian cooling (ca. 71–70 Ma), potentially connected to global Late Cretaceous trends, is inferred from the replacement of mollusk-rich limestones by bryozoan- and echinoderm-rich limestones.
    Keywords: 551 ; Tajik Basin ; Tarim Basin ; Cretaceous sea incursions ; tectonic subsidence ; proto‐Paratethys Sea
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-10-29
    Description: Columnar jointed lava is an important facies in many geothermal reservoir systems. The permeability of jointed lavas is dominated by the contribution from fracture networks. We use a scaling for the permeability of a set of fractures in a solid or porous mass and extend this to arrays of hexagonal intercolumn fractures. To validate our analytical results, we create numerical domains with relevant geometries and extract system-scale permeability using the LBflow lattice-Boltzmann fluid flow simulation tool. Finally, we model the cooling contraction of columns to extend our results so that they predict the permeability with time after lava emplacement. Importantly, we use these results to estimate the range of permeabilities typical of columnar joints that form during cooling from high temperature and are preserved in the crust at moderate to low temperatures.
    Keywords: 551 ; fractured lavas ; permeability ; prediction
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-09-27
    Description: Detailed organic geochemical and carbon isotopic (δ13C and Δ14C) analyses are performed on permafrost deposits affected by coastal erosion (Herschel Island, Canadian Beaufort Sea) and adjacent marine sediments (Herschel Basin) to understand the fate of organic carbon in Arctic nearshore environments. We use an end-member model based on the carbon isotopic composition of bulk organic matter to identify sources of organic carbon. Monte Carlo simulations are applied to quantify the contribution of coastal permafrost erosion to the sedimentary carbon budget. The models suggest that ~40% of all carbon released by local coastal permafrost erosion is efficiently trapped and sequestered in the nearshore zone. This highlights the importance of sedimentary traps in environments such as basins, lagoons, troughs, and canyons for the carbon sequestration in previously poorly investigated, nearshore areas.
    Keywords: 551 ; permafrost ; coastal erosion ; biomarker ; radiocarbon ; carbon flux ; carbon burial
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-10-07
    Description: The transition from the Pliocene to the Pleistocene was accompanied by major tectonic reorganizations of key oceanic gateways. In particular, the gradual closure of the Panama Gateway and the constriction of the Indonesian Gateway significantly affected the structure of the Pacific thermocline. In the East Pacific, the thermocline shoaled from an early Pliocene El Niño-like depth to its modern state, which had significant implications for global climate. Here we use Mg/Ca temperature estimates from subsurface and thermocline dwelling foraminifera to reconstruct the meridional Plio-Pleistocene evolution of the Southeast Pacific thermocline, in relation to atmospheric circulation changes. In combination with similar reconstructions from the north-equatorial Pacific, our data indicate a change in the thermocline, responding to the northward displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone/South Pacific High system between ~3.8 and 3.5 Ma. After 3.5 Ma, we record a second major phase of thermocline shoaling, which points to the Intertropical Convergence Zone/South Pacific High-system movement toward its modern position along with the gradual cooling of the Northern Hemisphere and its associated glaciation. These findings highlight that a warming globe may affect equatorial regions more intensively due to the potential temperature-driven movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone/South Pacific High and their associated oceanic systems.
    Keywords: 551 ; ITCZ ; South Pacific High ; Plio-Pleistocene ; El Niño ; thermocline
    Language: English
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2021-10-07
    Description: The brittle-ductile transition is a domain of finite extent characterized by high differential stress where both brittle and ductile deformation are likely to occur. Understanding its depth location, extent, and stability through time is of relevance for diverse applications including subduction dynamics, mantle-surface interactions, and, more recently, proper targeting of high-enthalpy unconventional geothermal resources, where local thermal conditions may activate ductile creep at shallower depths than expected. In this contribution, we describe a thermodynamically consistent physical framework and its numerical implementation, therefore extending the formulation of the companion paper Jacquey and Cacace (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB018474) to model thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled processes responsible for the occurrence of transitional semi-brittle, semi-ductile behavior in porous rocks. We make use of a damage rheology to account for the macroscopic effects of microstructural processes leading to brittle-like material weakening and of a rate-dependent plastic model to account for ductile material behavior. Our formulation additionally considers the role of porosity and its evolution during loading in controlling the volumetric mechanical response of a stressed rock. By means of dedicated applications, we discuss how our damage poro-visco-elasto-viscoplastic rheology can effectively reconcile the style of localized deformation under different confining pressure conditions as well as the bulk macroscopic material response as recorded by laboratory experiments under full triaxial conditions.
    Keywords: 551 ; lithosphere ; brittle-ductile transition ; modeling
    Language: English
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2021-10-07
    Description: This paper presents evidence for a limnological response to the Laacher See eruption (LSE) as detected in lake sediments from Nahe, northern Germany. The sediment section of the Allerød period dating to between 13 422 and 12 708 cal. a BP is preserved in annual laminations. Within this section, the LSE was identified as a cryptotephra layer (12 944±44 cal. a BP). Microfacies analysis, continuous high-resolution geochemical measurements and pollen analyses enabled a high-resolution reconstruction of environmental change. The older part of the Allerød (c. 13 422 to 12 943 cal. a BP) was characterized by relatively stable sedimentation conditions. Evidence for windier conditions dating to c. 13 160 to 13 080 cal. a BP probably reflects the Gerzensee oscillation. Pronounced changes of the lake sedimentation followed the LSE. Four unusually thick varves with increased amounts of allochthonous material indicate serious disturbance of the local environment immediately after the LSE, related to increased storminess and/or the occurrence of high intensity rainfall events. A pronounced reduction of biogenic silica accumulation for c. 60 years after the LSE could reflect a period of acidification. Indications of a simultaneous lake level increase until c. 60 years after the LSE are in line with the supposed reduced evapotranspiration associated with cooler conditions. About 120 years after the LSE, increased oxygen access at the lake bottom, allochthonous input and Cl fluxes point to an onset of increasingly stronger westerly winds, probably as a long-term response to the LSE. This supports the idea of a southward shift of the mid-latitude westerlies wind system within the interval between the LSE and the beginning of the Younger Dryas. The pace of the southwards shift of this wind system decreased from 10 km a−1 in the initial phase (40–120 years after LSE) to 6 km a−1 in the later phase (120–200 years after LSE).
    Keywords: 551 ; Laacher See eruption (LSE) ; lake sediments
    Language: English
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2021-10-15
    Description: Upwelling ocean currents associated with oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) supply nutrients fuelling intense marine productivity. Perturbations in the extent and intensity of OMZs are projected in the future, but it is currently uncertain how this will impact fluxes of redox-sensitive trace metal micronutrients to the surface ocean. Here we report seawater concentrations of Fe, Mn, Co, Cd, and Ni alongside the redox indicator iodide/iodate in the Peruvian OMZ during the 2015 El Niño event. The El Niño drove atypical upwelling of oxygen-enriched water over the Peruvian Shelf, resulting in oxidized iodine and strongly depleted Fe (II), total dissolved Fe, and reactive particulate Fe concentrations relative to non-El Niño conditions. Observations of Fe were matched by the redox-sensitive micronutrients Co and Mn, but not by non-redox-sensitive Cd and Ni. These observations demonstrate that oxygenation of OMZs significantly reduces water column inventories of redox-sensitive micronutrients, with potential impacts on ocean productivity.
    Keywords: 551 ; iron ; trace metals ; oxygen minimum zone ; El Niño ; eastern tropical south pacific ; shelf source
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2021-10-15
    Description: Heat transport in natural porous media, such as aquifers or streambeds, is generally modeled assuming local thermal equilibrium (LTE) between the fluid and solid phases. Yet, the mathematical and hydrogeological conditions and implications of this simplification have not been fully established for natural porous media. To quantify the occurrence and effects of local thermal disequilibrium during heat transport, we systematically compared thermal breakthrough curves from a LTE with those calculated using a local thermal nonequilibrium (LTNE) model, explicitly allowing for different temperatures in the fluid and solid phases. For the LTNE model, we developed a new correlation for the heat transfer coefficient representative of the conditions in natural porous aquifers using six published experimental results. By conducting an extensive parameter study (〉50,000 simulations), we show that LTNE effects do not occur for grain sizes smaller than 7 mm or for groundwater flow velocities that are slower than 1.6 m day−1. The limits of LTE are likely exceeded in gravel aquifers or in the vicinity of pumped bores. For such aquifers, the use of a LTE model can lead to an underestimation of the effective thermal dispersion by a factor of up to 30 or higher, while the advective thermal velocity remains unaffected for most conditions. Based on a regression analysis of the simulation results, we provide a criterion which can be used to determine if LTNE effects are expected for particular conditions.
    Keywords: 551 ; local thermal nonequilibrium ; thermal dispersion ; modeling advective heat transport ; local thermal equilibrium ; porous aquifer
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2021-10-15
    Description: Tunnel valleys are assumed to form near the margin of ice sheets. Hence, they can be used to reconstruct the dynamics of former ice margins. The detailed formation and infill of tunnel valleys, however, are still not well understood. Here, we present a dense grid of high-resolution 2D multi-channel reflection seismic data from the German sector of the southeastern North Sea imaging tunnel valleys in very great detail. Three tunnel valley systems were traced over distances ranging between 11 and 21 km. All tunnel valleys are completely filled and buried. They differ in incision depth, incision width and number of incisions. The tunnel valleys cut 130–380 m deep into Neogene, Palaeogene and Cretaceous sediments; they show a lower V-shaped and an upper U-shaped morphology. For individual tunnel valleys, the overall incision direction ranges from east–west to northeast–southwest. Two tunnel valleys intersect at an oblique angle without reuse of the thalweg. These valleys incise into a pre-existing glaciotectonic complex consisting of thrust sheets in the northwest of the study area. The analysis of the glaciotectonic complex and the tunnel valleys leads us to assume that we identified several marginal positions of (pre-)Elsterian ice lobes in the southeastern North Sea.
    Keywords: 551 ; 622.15 ; glaciogenic unconformity ; glaciotectonic complex ; ice margin ; Quaternary succession ; tunnel valleys
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2021-10-15
    Description: The climate of the western Mediterranean was characterized by a strong precipitation gradient during the Holocene driven by atmospheric circulation patterns. The scarcity of terrestrial paleoclimate archives has precluded exploring this hydroclimate pattern during Marine Isotope Stages 5 to 3. Here we present stable carbon and oxygen isotope records from three flowstones from southeast Iberia, which show that Dansgaard/Oeschger events were associated with more humid conditions. This is in agreement with other records from the Iberian Peninsula, the Mediterranean, and western Europe, which all responded in a similar way to millennial-scale climate variability in Greenland. This general increase in precipitation during Dansgaard/Oeschger events cannot be explained by any present-day or Holocene winter atmospheric circulation pattern. Instead, we suggest that changes in sea surface temperature played a dominant role in determining precipitation amounts in the western Mediterranean.
    Keywords: 551 ; Spain ; last glacial ; Dansgaard/Oeschger ; speleothem ; Marine Isotope Stage 3 ; western Mediterranean climate
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2021-10-15
    Description: The Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) was a gradual warming event and carbon cycle perturbation that occurred between 40.5 and 40.1 Ma. A number of characteristics, including greater-than-expected deep-sea carbonate dissolution, a lack of globally coherent negative δ13C excursion in marine carbonates, a duration longer than the characteristic timescale of carbon cycle recovery, and the absence of a clear trigger mechanism, challenge our current understanding of the Earth system and its regulatory feedbacks. This makes the MECO one of the most enigmatic events in the Cenozoic, dubbed a middle Eocene “carbon cycle conundrum.” Here we use boron isotopes in planktic foraminifera to better constrain pCO2 changes over the event. Over the MECO itself, we find that pCO2 rose by only 0.55–0.75 doublings, thus requiring a much more modest carbon injection than previously indicated by the alkenone δ13C-pCO2 proxy. In addition, this rise in pCO2 was focused around the peak of the 400 kyr warming trend. Before this, considerable global carbonate δ18O change was asynchronous with any coherent ocean pH (and hence pCO2) excursion. This finding suggests that middle Eocene climate (and perhaps a nascent cryosphere) was highly sensitive to small changes in radiative forcing.
    Keywords: 551 ; boron isotopes ; pCO2 reconstruction ; Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum ; carbon cycle ; paleoclimate ; cryosphere
    Language: English
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2021-10-15
    Description: Millennial-scale reductions in monsoon precipitation, so-called Weak Monsoon Intervals (WMIs), have been identified in numerous paleoclimate records across the Afro-Asian monsoon domain throughout the last glacial-interglacial cycle. These are considered the regional response to cooling during Heinrich events in the North Atlantic realm and several mechanisms have been suggested to explain this hemisphere-scale climatic teleconnection. In particular, reductions in Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) have been proposed as the linking element between Heinrich events and WMIs. However, the validity of this relationship has only been demonstrated for the last ~20 kyr, leaving unresolved whether it also holds on longer time scales. Here we present a new paired record of planktonic foraminifera-based δ18Osw-ivc and UK'37-based SST from the northern Bay of Bengal, covering the last ~130 kyr. The δ18Osw-ivc record clearly reflects orbitally paced changes of Indian Summer Monsoon intensity superimposed by centennial- to millennial-scale WMIs that occurred synchronously to North Atlantic Heinrich events. Comparison with the UK'37-based SST reconstruction reveals, however, that WMIs in most cases were not paralleled by ocean surface cooling, questioning whether Indian Ocean SST lowering was the linking element between Heinrich events and reductions in monsoon precipitation in Asia also during the last glacial period.
    Keywords: 551 ; Indian Summer Monsoon ; Weak Monsoon Intervals ; marine sediments ; Bay of Bengal ; foraminifera oxygen isotopes ; UK'37 sea surface temperature
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2021-10-27
    Description: Vertical and horizontal components of GNSS displacements in the Long Valley Caldera and adjacent Sierra Nevada range show a clear correlation with hydrological trends at both multiyear and seasonal time scales. We observe a clear vertical and horizontal seasonal deformation pattern primarily attributable to the solid earth response to hydrological surface loading at large-to-regional (Sierra Nevada range) scales. Several GNSS sites, located at the eastern edge of the Sierra Nevada along the southwestern rim of Long Valley Caldera, also show significant horizontal deformation that cannot be explained by elastic deformation from surface loading. Due to the location of these sites and the strong correlation between their horizontal displacements and spring discharge, we hypothesize that this deformation reflects poroelastic processes related to snowmelt runoff water infiltrating into the Sierra Nevada slopes around Long Valley Caldera. Interestingly, this is also an area where water infiltrates to feed the local hydrothermal system, and where snowmelt-induced earthquake swarms have been recently detected.
    Keywords: 551 ; Long Valley Caldera ; GNSS observations ; transient signal ; nontectonic deformation
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2021-10-27
    Description: On interannual timescales the growth rate of atmospheric CO2 is largely controlled by the response of the land and ocean carbon sinks to climate variability. Yet, it is unknown to what extent this variability limits the predictability of atmospheric CO2 variations. Using perfect-model Earth System Model simulations, we show that variations in atmospheric CO2 are potentially predictable for 3 years. We find a 2-year predictability horizon for global oceanic CO2 flux with longer regional predictability of up to 7 years. The 2-year predictability horizon of terrestrial CO2 flux originates in the tropics and midlatitudes. With the predictability of the isolated effects of land and ocean carbon sink on atmospheric CO2 of 5 and 12 years respectively, land dampens the overall predictability of atmospheric CO2 variations. Our research shows the potential of Earth System Model-based predictions to forecast multiyear variations in atmospheric CO2.
    Keywords: 551 ; decadal predictability ; atmospheric CO2 ; carbon fluxes ; internal variability ; Earth System Model
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2021-10-27
    Description: Understanding hemisphere-wide millennial-scale temperature variability during past glacials in response to ice sheet dynamics and orbital forcing is one of the key targets for Quaternary climate research. While an inland propagation of abrupt temperature changes into Eurasia from the North Atlantic realm during the last glacial (Weichselian) receives increasingly broad support, much less is known regarding the penultimate glacial (Saalian) temperature variability, especially from a continental interior perspective. Here, we present a TEX86-derived lake surface temperature (LST) record from the former Black Sea “Lake” covering nearly the entire Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6. While orbital-scale LST cooling likely relates to meltwater discharge from the retreating Eurasian Ice Sheet during insolation maxima, millennial-scale LST variability suggests interstadial warming in phase with Greenland and northern Mediterranean Sea temperature records during the first half of MIS 6. Although summer insolation reached an interglacial-like level during this period, we propose that the reduced extent of the Eurasian Ice Sheet associated with northward shifted atmospheric fronts was ultimately responsible for the inland propagation of Dansgaard-Oeschger-like temperature variability. During the second half of MIS 6, temperature patterns across the North Atlantic-Eurasian corridor were more variable and less comparable with each other, likely because of the larger continental ice sheet weakening northern hemisphere atmospheric teleconnections. Temperature records across the North Atlantic-Eurasian realm suggest a weaker atmospheric teleconnection during MIS 6 compared to MIS 3, likely related to a stronger imprint of the Eurasian Ice Sheet on the continental and regional climate.
    Keywords: 551 ; lake surface temperature ; Black Sea ; MIS 6 ; Eurasia
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2021-10-11
    Description: We present a local earthquake tomography to illuminate the crustal and uppermost mantle structure beneath the southern Puna plateau and to test the delamination hypothesis. Vp and Vp/Vs ratios were obtained using travel time variations recorded by 75 temporary seismic stations between 2007 and 2009. In the upper crust, prominent low Vp anomalies are found beneath the main volcanic centers, indicating the presence of magma and melt beneath the southern Puna plateau. Beneath the Moho at around 90-km depth, a strong high Vp anomaly is detected just west of the giant backarc Cerro Galan ignimbrite caldera. This high Vp anomaly is only resolved if earthquakes with an azimuthal gap up to 300° are included in the inversion. However, we show through data subset and synthetic tests that the anomaly is robust due to our specific station-event geometry and interpret it as a delaminated block of lower crust and uppermost mantle lithosphere under the southern Puna plateau. The low velocities in the crust are interpreted as a product of the delamination event that triggered the rise of fluids and melts into the crust and induced the high topography in this part of the plateau. The tomography also reveals the existence of low-velocity anomalies that link arc magmatism at the Ojos del Salado volcanic center with slab seismicity clusters at depths of about 100 and 150 km and support fluid transport in the mantle wedge due to dehydration reaction within the subducted slab.
    Keywords: 551 ; southern Puna plateau ; local earthquake tomography ; lithospheric delamination ; slab dehydration ; crustal melt accumulation
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2021-10-11
    Description: Geophysical and geochemical data indicate there is abundant fluid expulsion in the Nootka fault zone (NFZ) between the Juan de Fuca and Explorer plates and the Nootka continental slope. Here we combine observations from 〉20 years of investigations to demonstrate the nature of fluid-flow along the NFZ, which is the seismically most active region off Vancouver Island. Seismicity reaching down to the upper mantle is linked to near-seafloor manifestation of fluid flow through a network of faults. Along the two main fault traces, seismic reflection data imaged bright spots 100–300 m below seafloor that lie above changes in basement topography. The bright spots are conformable to sediment layering, show opposite-to-seafloor reflection polarity, and are associated with frequency reduction and velocity push-down indicating the presence of gas in the sediments. Two seafloor mounds ~15 km seaward of the Nootka slope are underlain by deep, nonconformable high-amplitude reflective zones. Measurements in the water column above one mound revealed a plume of warm water, and bottom-video observations imaged hydrothermal vent system biota. Pore fluids from a core at this mound contain predominately microbial methane (C1) with a high proportion of ethane (C2) yielding C1/C2 ratios 〈500 indicating a possible slight contribution from a deep source. We infer the reflective zones beneath the two mounds are basaltic intrusions that create hydrothermal circulation within the overlying sediments. Across the Nootka continental slope, gas hydrate-related bottom-simulating reflectors are widespread and occur at depths indicating heat flow values of 80–90 mW/m2.
    Keywords: 551 ; fluid flow ; Nootka transform fault ; gas hydrate ; intrusion ; heat flow
    Language: English
    Type: map
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2021-10-14
    Description: Estuarine CO2 emissions are important components of regional and global carbon budgets, but assessments of this flux are plagued by uncertainties associated with gas transfer velocity (k) parameterization. We combined direct eddy covariance measurements of CO2 flux with waterside pCO2 determinations to generate more reliable k parameterizations for use in small estuaries. When all data were aggregated, k was described well by a linear relationship with wind speed (U10), in a manner consistent with prior open ocean and estuarine k parameterizations. However, k was significantly greater at night and under low wind speed, and nighttime k was best predicted by a parabolic, rather than linear, relationship with U10. We explored the effect of waterside thermal convection but found only a weak correlation between convective scale and k. Hence, while convective forcing may be important at times, it appears that factors besides waterside thermal convection were likely responsible for the bulk of the observed nighttime enhancement in k. Regardless of source, we show that these day-night differences in k should be accounted for when CO2 emissions are assessed over short time scales or when pCO2 is constant and U10 varies. On the other hand, when temporal variability in pCO2 is large, it exerts greater control over CO2 fluxes than does k parameterization. In these cases, the use of a single k value or a simple linear relationship with U10 is often sufficient. This study provides important guidance for k parameterization in shallow or microtidal estuaries, especially when diel processes are considered.
    Keywords: 551 ; air-water CO2 exchange ; gas transfer velocity ; convective ; eddy covariance ; estuary ; gas exchange
    Language: English
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2021-09-13
    Description: The Tajik basin archives the orogenic evolution of the Pamir hinterland. Stratigraphic-sedimentologic observations from Cretaceous-Pliocene strata along its eastern margin describe the depositional environment and basin-formation stages in reaction to hinterland exhumation and basin inversion. During the Late Cretaceous-Eocene (preorogenic stage: ~100–34 Ma), a shallow-marine to terrestrial basin extended throughout Central Asia. An alluvial plain with influx of conglomerate bodies (Baljuvon Formation) indicates a first pulse of hinterland erosion and foreland-basin formation in the late Oligocene-early Miocene (synorogenic stage Ia: ~34–23 Ma). Further hinterland exhumation deposited massive alluvial conglomerates (Khingou Formation) in the early-middle Miocene (synorogenic stage Ib: ~23–15 Ma). Westward thickening growth strata suggest transformation of the Tajik basin into the Tajik fold-thrust belt in the middle-late Miocene (synorogenic stage IIa: ~15–5 Ma). Increased water supply led to the formation of fluvial mega-fans (Tavildara Formation). Latest Miocene-Pliocene shortening constructed basin morphology that blocked sediment bypass into the central basin from the east (Karanak Formation), triggering drainage-system reorganization from transverse to longitudinal sediment transport (synorogenic stage IIb: 〈 ~5 Ma). Accelerated shortening (~27–20 Ma) and foreland-directed collapse (~23–12 Ma) of Pamir-plateau crust loaded the foreland and induced synorogenic stages Ia and Ib. Coupling of Indian and Asian cratonic lithospheres and onset of northward and westward delamination/rollback of Asian lithosphere (i.e., lithosphere of the Tajik basin) beneath the Pamir at ~12–11 Ma transformed the Tajik basin into the Tajik fold-thrust belt (synorogenic stage IIa). The timing of the sedimentologically derived basin reconfiguration matches the thermochronologically derived onset of Tajik-basin inversion at ~12 Ma.
    Keywords: 551 ; 555 ; Pamir-Tibet formation ; Tajik retro-foreland basin ; growth strata ; provenance ; deep-lithosphere trigger
    Language: English
    Type: article
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2021-09-15
    Description: Geophysical length scales defined from induced-polarization measurements can be used in models of permeability (k) prediction. We explore the relative merit of different induced-polarization parameters as proxies of an effective hydraulic radius (reff) that can be used to predict permeability from a modified Hagen–Poiseuille equation. Whereas geometrical measures of the hydraulic radius are good proxies of reff, the induced-polarization measures are not well correlated with reff. However, a new proxy of reff that considers both imaginary conductivity and formation factor shows an improved correlation with reff. The resulting model enables a better quality of permeability prediction compared with the other geophysical length scales, but does not reach the predictive quality of the models based on geometrical length scales. The specific polarizability defined when incorporating the effect of the formation factor on imaginary conductivity appears to be independent of pore geometry, indicating that it is the correct parameter representing the role of the surface electrochemistry on the induced-polarization effect. However, the joint dependence of induced-polarization measurements on both the pore radius and the tortuosity and porosity of the interconnected pore network is a limitation to the widely explored use of induced-polarization measurements to isolate surface properties from volumetric properties of the interconnected pore network.
    Keywords: 551 ; 622.15 ; Complex conductivity ; Hydrogeophysics ; Induced polarization ; Permeability ; Porosity
    Language: English
    Type: article
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2021-09-15
    Description: New marine geophysical data acquired across the partly ice-covered northern East Greenland continental margin highlight a complex interaction between tectonic and magmatic events. Breakup-related lava flows are imaged in reflection seismic data as seaward dipping reflectors, which are found to decrease in size both northward and southward from a central point at 75°N. We provide evidence that the magnetic anomaly pattern in the shelf area is related to volcanic phases and not to the presence of oceanic crust. The remnant magnetization of the individual lava flows is used to deduce a relative timing of the emplacement of the volcanic wedges. We find that the seaward dipping reflectors have been emplaced over a period of 2–4 Ma progressively from north to south and from landward to seaward. The new data indicate a major post-middle Eocene magmatic phase around the landward termination of the West Jan Mayen Fracture Zone. This post-40-Ma volcanism likely was associated with the progressive separation of the Jan Mayen microcontinent from East Greenland. The breakup of the Greenland Sea started at several isolated seafloor spreading cells whose location was controlled by rift structures and led to the present-day segmentation of the margin. The original rift basins were subsequently connected by steady-state seafloor spreading that propagated southward, from the Greenland Fracture Zone to the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone.
    Keywords: 551 ; 559 ; NE Greenland ; seismic reflection ; seaward dipping reflectors ; continent-ocean transition ; rifting ; Greenland Sea
    Language: English
    Type: article
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2021-09-15
    Description: We combine numerical modeling of lithospheric extension with analysis of seismic moment release and earthquake b-value in order to elucidate the mechanism for deep crustal seismicity and seismic swarms in the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER). We run 2-D numerical simulations of lithospheric deformation calibrated by appropriate rheology and extensional history of the MER to simulate migration of deformation from mid-Miocene border faults to ∼30 km wide zone of Pliocene to recent rift floor faults. While currently the highest strain rate is localized in a narrow zone within the rift axis, brittle strain has been accumulated in a wide region of the rift. The magnitude of deviatoric stress shows strong variation with depth. The uppermost crust deforms with maximum stress of 80 MPa, at 8–14 km depth stress sharply decreases to 10 MPa and then increases to a maximum of 160 MPa at ∼18 km depth. These two peaks at which the crust deforms with maximum stress of 80 MPa or above correspond to peaks in the seismic moment release. Correspondingly, the drop in stress at 8–14 km correlates to a low in seismic moment release. At this depth range, the crust is weaker and deformation is mainly accommodated in a ductile manner. We therefore see a good correlation between depths at which the crust is strong and elevated seismic deformation, while regions where the crust is weaker deform more aseismically. Overall, the bimodal depth distribution of seismic moment release is best explained by the rheology of the deforming crust.
    Keywords: 551 ; 556 ; numerical modeling ; earthquakes ; Main Ethiopian Rift ; strain rate
    Language: English
    Type: article
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2021-10-06
    Description: Loess sediments are windblown silt deposits with, in general, a carbonate grain content of up to 30%. While regionally, loess was reported to increase weathering fluxes substantially, the influence on global weathering fluxes remains unknown. Especially on glacial-interglacial time scales, loess weathering fluxes might have contributed to land-ocean alkalinity flux variability since the loess areal extent during glacial epochs was larger. To quantify loess weathering fluxes, global maps representing the loess distribution were compiled. Water chemistry of rivers draining recent loess deposits suggests that loess contributes over-proportionally to alkalinity concentrations if compared to the mean of alkalinity concentrations of global rivers (~4,110 µeq L−1 for rivers draining loess deposits and ~1,850 µeq L−1 for the total of global rivers), showing comparable alkalinity concentration patterns in rivers as found for carbonate sedimentary rocks. Loess deposits, covering ~4% of the ice- and water-free land area, increase calculated global alkalinity fluxes to the coastal zone by 16%. The new calculations lead to estimating a 4% higher global alkalinity flux during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) compared to present fluxes. The effect of loess on that comparison is high. Alkalinity fluxes from silicate-dominated lithological classes were ~28% and ~30% lower during the LGM than recent (with loess and without loess, respectively), and elevated alkalinity fluxes from loess deposits compensated for this. Enhanced loess weathering dampens due to a legacy effect changes in silicate-dominated lithologies over the glacial-interglacial time scale.
    Keywords: 551 ; chemical weathering ; loess deposits
    Language: English
    Type: map
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2021-12-03
    Description: In contrast to seamount chains, small solitary seamounts/seamount groups have rarely been sampled despite their large number and therefore their origins remain enigmatic. Here we present new 40Ar/39Ar, trace element and Nd-Hf-Pb isotope data from the solitary Demenitskoy Seamount, the isolated Tolkien seamount group and the Krylov Seamount and Ridge in the Canary Basin, Central Atlantic Ocean. Their chemical compositions range from intraplate ocean-island-basalt (Demenitskoy) to mid-ocean-ridge-basalt (Tolkien and Krylov) types. Lavas from all three seamount groups, however, show geochemical evidence for involvement of enriched Canary/Cape Verde plume material. Seismic tomography shows that large areas around these mantle plumes consist of dispersed low-velocity material, which could represent diffusely-upwelling plume mantle. Melts from such upwelling mantle could form isolated seamounts. Diffuse upwelling of plume material is likely to be extremely widespread but has been poorly studied to date. Significance Statement A fundamental question concerns the origin of the hundreds of thousands of solitary seamounts and small isolated clusters of such seamounts on the seafloor of the world's ocean basins. Most of them do not fit into any currently accepted models (e.g. they are not associated with a linear hotspot track or plate boundary processes). Their formation could therefore represent a new kind of intraplate volcanism that in fact could be extremely widespread but has been thus far largely neglected. In this manuscript, we report geochemical data from three isolated seamount sites in the Canary Basin and propose a provocative model for their formation that can also be applied to isolated seamounts elsewhere. Our study is therefore also a plea for the long overdue systematic investigation of small seamount volcanism in the world's ocean basins. I hereby confirm that all the data and interpretations are new and have not been published elsewhere. All co-authors have been actively involved in this work, have approved the manuscript and agreed to this submission.
    Keywords: 551 ; Canary Basin ; seamounts ; isotopic compositions
    Language: English
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2021-11-30
    Description: The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) operates as an important link in global thermohaline circulation, and ITF variability probably modulated Pliocene climate change. Yet, whether ITF variability accounted for oceanographic change south of Northwest Cape remains controversial. Here, we present a multiproxy oceanographic reconstruction from the Perth Basin and reconstruct the Pliocene history of the Leeuwin Current (LC). We show that the LC was active throughout the Pliocene, albeit with fluctuations in intensity and scope. Three main factors controlled LC strength. First, a tectonic ITF reorganization caused an abrupt and permanent LC reduction at 3.7 Ma. On shorter timescales, eustatic sea level and direct orbital forcing of wind patterns hampered or promoted the LC. At 3.3 Ma, for instance, LC intensity plunged in response to a eustatic ITF restriction. Site U1459 then fell outside the extent of a weakened LC, and the latitudinal sea surface temperature gradient along West Australia doubled its steepness.
    Keywords: 551 ; Perth Basin ; sediment core ; multiproxy geochemical records ; Pliocene ; Leeuwin Current (LC)
    Language: English
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2021-10-25
    Description: Estimates of flood susceptibility and land loss in the world's coastal regions depend on our knowledge of sea level rise (SLR) from increases in ocean mass and volume, as well as knowledge of vertical land motion. Conventional approaches to the latter include tide-gauge and Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements relative to well-anchored monuments few meters below the surface. However, in regions of rapid Holocene sedimentation, compaction of this material can add a significant component to the surface lowering. Unfortunately, this process has been difficult to quantify, especially for the shallowest material above the monument. Here we use a new technique, GPS interferometric reflectometry, to estimate the rate of this process in the Mississippi Delta and the eastern margin of the North Sea. We show that the rate of shallow compaction is comparable to or larger than the rate of global SLR, adding 35% and 65%, respectively, to the rate of relative SLR by 2100.
    Keywords: 526.3 ; 551 ; GPS ; interferometric reflectometry ; tide gauge ; coastal subsidence ; shallow subsidence ; Holocene sediment compaction
    Language: English
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Der Konferenzbeitrag gibt einen Einblick in das Forschungsdatenmanagement in den Geowissenschaften und spannt den Bogen vom Geowissenschaftlichen Zentrum in Göttingen über nationale bis zu internationalen Strukturen und Herangehensweisen.
    Description: Der Konferenzbeitrag gibt einen Einblick in das Forschungsdatenmanagement in den Geowissenschaften und nennt Bedarf, Herangehensweisen und Entwicklungspotentiale sowie Infrastrukturlösungen und Projekte. Der Bandbreite reicht vom Geowissenschaftlichen Zentrum der Universität Göttingen über nationale bis zu internationalen Forschungsstrukturen.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; Geowissenschaften, Forschungsdatenmanagement
    Language: German
    Type: conferencePaper
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  • 34
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    Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 4 MIN II, 91
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Es wird hier der Versuch gemacht, die wesentlichen neuen Erfahrungen über den Bau und Entstehung der Alpen zusammenzufassen. Im Laufe von 12 Sommern habe ich Gelegenheit gehabt, die Alpen vom Simplon bis in die Karpathen, bis in die Dinariden Bosniens kennen zu lernen und habe in den verschiedenen Zonen der Ostalpen und Dinariden lange Zeit gearbeitet. So ist mir kein wichtiger Bestandteil der Alpen vom Simplon bis an die ungarische Ebene unbekannt. Darum glaube ich auch an die schwierige Aufgabe einer Synthese der Alpen auf Grund der modernen Erfahrungen schreiten zu können und hoffe damit einen Beitrag zur Aufklärung des Deckenhaues der Alpen zu liefern, der allen denen willkommen sein dürfte, die sich einen Einblick, eine Übersicht über den Stand der heutigen Kenntnis verschaffen wollen.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 551 ; Alpidische Orogene {Tektonik} ; Alpensystem {Geologie} ; Alpen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 283
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  • 35
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    Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 4 MIN II, 92
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Zweck des vorliegenden kleinen Werkes ist es, auf Grundlage des heute vorhandenen Tatsachenmaterials, die alpine Faltung nach Raum und Zeit zu gliedern.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 551 ; Alpidische Orogene {Tektonik} ; Tektogenese {Geodynamik} ; Alpensystem {Geologie} ; Faltung ; Alpen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
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  • 36
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    E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Erwin Nägele), Stuttgart
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 MIN II, 4734
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieses Buch soll keine fertige Ansicht, sondern die Grundlagen liefern, um sich eine solche zu bilden. Neben der Schilderung der Deckenlehre steht hier daher die Zusammenfassung der Kritik und die Darstellung der Methoden im Vordergrund des Interesses. Und wenn es dem Verfasser gelungen sein sollte, das zu liefern, ein möglichst objektives Bild vom gegenwärtigen Stand der Deckenlehre zu entwerfen und dadurch das Interesse an diesem wichtigen Kapitel der Geologie zu fördern, so ist der Zweck dieses Buches erreicht.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 551.8 ; 554.3 ; 551 ; Alpidische Orogene {Tektonik} ; Tektonik ; Geologie ; Alpen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 149
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  • 37
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    Selbstverlag der Bundesanstalt für Landeskunde
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 Z GEOGR 53:87
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In dieser Arbeit wird der Fragestellung nachgegangen, ob die zahlreichen Karnischen des Nordschwarzwalds echte Kare sind und die Schneegrenze hier besonders tief gelegen hat oder die Schneegrenze wie im übrigen Deutschland über 900 m hoch lag und es sich dann kaum um echte Kare handelt. Der Autor untersuchte dazu Kare und Quelltrichter besonders im badischen Teil des Nordschwarzwalds, weil dort die Kare meist nicht auf den geologischen Karten verzeichnet sind. Reisen in den Südschwarzwald, in die Vogesen und in den Bayrischen Wald dienten dem Vergleich. Im Verlauf der weiteren Untersuchungen stieß er auf zahlreiche Wirkungen des Eiszeitklimas. Vor allem interessierte ihn der Gehängeschutt, da über ihn bis dahin fast gar nichts bekannt war.
    Description: thesis
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 910 ; 551 ; VAR 400 ; VAR 800 ; VAR 910 ; VEB 143 ; Glazialmorphologie ; Periglazialerscheinungen ; Europa {Glazialgeologie} ; Oberrheinische Massen {Geologie} ; Nordschwarzwald ; Glaziallandschaft ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 86
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  • 38
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    Kaufmann, Leipzig
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 HLL III, 1234/c
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die vorliegende Literaturzusammenstellung schließt an die im Jahre 1874 erschienene Zusammenstellung der "Geologischen und mineralogischen Literatur des Königreichs Sachsen und der angrenzenden Ländertheile von 1835 bis 1873" von ALFRED JENTZSCH an. Aus verschiedenen praktischen Gründen wurde die Literatur nochmals von 1870 ab berücksichtigt. Andererseits liegt diejenige des Jahres 1921 bis heute noch nicht mit wünschenswerter Vollständigkeit vor und wurde deshalb weggelassen, selbst diejenige des Jahres 1920 dürfte noch Lücken aufweisen.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 554.3 ; 551 ; Sachsen {Geologie} ; Geologie ; Sachsen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 232
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  • 39
    facet.materialart.
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    Amt für Bodenforschung, Hannover
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 U 60.7041
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Im südöstlichen Niederbayern wurden das Positionsblatt Simbach a. Inn und angrenzende Teile der umliegenden Positionsblätter kartiert. Neben pleistozänen und holozänen Bildungen erfasst die Kartierung jüngste Schichten der Oberen Meeresmolasse, die Süßbrackwassermolasse und Schichtglieder der Oberen Süßwassermolasse. Das Tertiärprofil reicht vom mittleren Helvet bis zum tiefsten Pont. 〈br〉 Tektonische Bewegungen nachhelvetischen Alters sind einwandfrei festzustellen; sie führen entgegen älteren Anschauungen nicht zu Verbiegungen oder sogar zu Verfaltungen der Schichten, sondern zu Bruchbildung und Aufteilung des Gebietes in Kleinschollen. Aufschlüsse mit Anzeichen lokaler Zerrungstektonik sind nicht nur im engeren Kartierungsgebiet, sondern auch im ganzen Raum zwischen Inn und Vils mehrfach anzutreffen. Für die Entstehung der Zerrungsformen können pseudotektonische Ursachen größtenteils ausgeschlossen werden. 〈br〉 Die in der Kleintektonik auftretenden Richtungen stimmen im Wesentlichen mit den Streichrichtungen größerer Strukturelemente überein. Zerrungsformen treten im bearbeiteten Gebiet nicht nur in der Kleintektonik auf, sondern sind nach neueren Arbeiten auch aus der Großtektonik bekanntgeworden. Damit kann zumindest das Gebiet zwischen Inn und Vils als ein Raum reiner tektonischer Zerrung gelten, soweit man sich auf die hier erfassten, posthelvetischen Bewegungen bezieht. Diese jungen Bewegungen verteilen sich auf jüngstes Miozän und auf Pliozän.
    Description: thesis
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 551 ; Alpenvorland {Geologie} ; Molasse ; Simbach am Inn ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 69
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  • 40
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    Wittwer, Stuttgart
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 4 MIN II, 5393/m
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In der geologischen Kritik der bestehenden Erdsynthesen nehmen die Probleme des Zusammenhanges von Horizontal- und Vertikal-Tektonik einen breiten Raum ein…〈br〉 Das „Für“ und „Wider“ der Wegenersche Verschiebungstheorie konnte naturgemäß keine Lösung im Sinne einer weitgehenden Übereinstimmung erbringen. Aber es sind doch den von A. Wegener angenommenen, riesenhaften Horizontalverfrachtungen ernste Hindernisse in den Weg gestellt worden. Dies kommt in der wenig später erschienenen Arbeit von H. Cloos , „Hebung -Spaltung - Vulkanismus“, besonders deutlich zum Ausdruck…〈br〉 Da die Spaltenbildung auch in der Gegenwart andauert, wird die geodätische Feinmessung einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Lösung der offenstehenden Probleme liefern können. Denn selbst wenn ein noch so träges Auseinanderfließen der jungvulkanischen Innenzone in Betracht zu ziehen wäre, muss das Verhalten der beiderseitigen tertiären, starren Basaltmassive den Prüfstein für die vermuteten waagerechten Verschiebungen abgeben. In diesem Zusammenhang interessiert aber auch die Beschaffenheit des Untergrundes. Je nachdem, ob die Innenzone als breiter und tiefer Graben, oder als Zerrungszone mit plastischem Untergrund aufzufassen ist, bestehen zwei Möglichkeiten: starke und sehr tief reichende Vertikalbewegungen ohne messtechnisch erfassbare waagerechte Verschiebungen, oder fühlbare Horizontalwanderungen mit schwachen Auswirkungen in der Vertikalkomponente als Folge geringerer Tiefenwirkung. Es liegt daher nahe, durch Schweremessungen über den Aufbau des Untergrundes Anhaltspunkte zu gewinnen. Insbesondere erhebt sich die Frage, ob und inwieweit mit Hilfe der geophysikalischen Messung größere Unterschiede in den Schwerestrukturen der rezenten Innenzone und der angrenzenden Massive feststellbar sind. 〈br〉 Diese Gesichtspunkte sind es im Wesentlichen, denen die Arbeitsgemeinschaft der wissenschaftlichen Island-Expedition des Jahres 1938 ihren Zusammenschluss verdankte. Es ist wohl auch das erste Mal, dass ein jungvulkanisches Gebiet mit einem geodätisch—geophysikalischen Versuchsfeld überdeckt wurde, ferner, dass die Zusammenarbeit geologischer, geodätischer und geophysikalischer Wissenschaftler sozusagen in einem Guss gesichert und durch rasche Entschlüsse gefördert werden konnte.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 551 ; 551 ; VAE 000 ; TSD 500 ; VED 500 ; Tektonik {Geologie} ; Island {Geophysik} ; Island {Geologie} ; Spalten ; Island ; Verschiebungstheorie ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology_digi
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  • 41
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    Kaufmann, Leipzig [u.a.]
    In:  Fakultät Geowissenschaften/Universität Göttingen | Serie
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Bei den geologischen Arbeiten des Verfassers über die obere Kreide zwischen der Elbe bei Schandau und dem Jeschken wurde auch das sächsische Elbsandsteingebirge in den Kreis der Betrachtungen gezogen. Die Durcharbeitung brachte einige neue wichtige Ergebnisse für die Kreidestratigraphie des Elbtales, die hier behandelt werden: Das Turon des sächsischen Elbtales schließt sich in Bezug auf Mächtigkeit und Führung wichtiger Leitfossilien an das des Harzrandes, Nordwestdeutschlands, Böhmens und Schlesiens an. Ebenso lassen sich auch in der englischen und französischen Kreide dieselben wichtigen Fossilien zur vergleichsweise Horizontierung benützen.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 554.3 ; 551.77 ; 551 ; Oberkreide ; Sachsen {Geologie} ; Dresdner Elbtal ; Turonium ; Stratigraphie ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 41
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  • 42
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    Akademie-Verlag, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 NAT 1887
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Als vertiefende Fortführung des von H. STILLES 25 Jahre zuvor geschriebenen Werks „Grundfragen der vergleichenden Tektonik“ werden die Ergebnisse wohlbegründeter Einzelanalysen von Gebirgen oder besser von deren baugeschichtlicher Entwicklung miteinander in verständliche Beziehung zu gebracht. 0rogene Entwicklungsstadien werden für die Einzelgebirge herausgearbeitet. Da aus solchen Entwicklungsstadien sehr verschiedenen Alters die Kontinente zusammengewachsen sind, werden dazu auch die allgemeinen Strukturtypen der Festländer daraufhin untersucht, wie sie sich fort— und umbildeten, welche verschiedenen Stadien oder „Altersstufen ihres Lebens“ sie in ungeheueren Zeitspannen durchmessen haben. Weil aus dem Stoff der Ozeanuntergründe die Geosynklinalen hinabbauend Orogene schaffen und den Kontinenten anschmieden, bieten auch die Ozeanfluren einst und jetzt wichtige Hinweise auf Keimanlagen dar. Es wird eine Ontogenie der Erdrindenstrukturen angestrebt.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 551.8 ; 551 ; Orogene als festländische Erdkrustentypen {Tektonik} ; Erdkruste {Geophysik} ; Orogenese ; Geologie ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 587
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    Reimer, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 64 A 3198
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Das vorliegende Werk ist das Ergebnis einer mehr als sechsmonatigen bodenkundlichen Erkundungsreise durch fast alle zugänglichen Teile von Südwestafrika (SWA) und analytischer Auswertung der mitgebrachten Bodenproben. Das vorliegende kleine Werk soll über die örtlichen Belange SWA's hinaus Erkenntnisse über Bodenbildung, Bodeneigenschaften und die Möglichkeiten der Bodennutzung auch in anderen ariden Gebieten mit ähnlichen Böden wie in SWA vermitteln. Nur durch ein gründliches Verständnis der Bodenbildung und Bodennutzung aus der besonderen geographischen Situation SWA's und anderer Trockengebiete heraus können schwere Schäden in der Bodennutzung und Bodenkultur vermieden werden. Ein eingehendes Studium des Wesens der betreffenden Böden verhindert, auch Illusionen über Intensivierung der Bodennutzung für SWA und andere Trockengebiete, etwa durch uferlose Bewässerungsprojekte, wie sie in populären Darstellungen und Presseartikeln ohne jede Kenntnis der notwendigen naturwissenschaftlichen Grundlagen propagiert und vielfach ohne Rücksicht auf die verheerenden Folgen in vielen Ländern auch in der Tat umgesetzt worden sind. Mit der Darstellung der Genetik, Beschreibung und Analytik der Hauptböden in SWA soll zum Vergleich mit Böden in Mitteleuropa angeregt werden und damit auch zum Verständnis der besonderen Eigenart der Böden eines Trockengebietes.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 551 ; Südliches Afrika {Bodenkunde} ; Klimatische Geomorphologie ; Bodenkunde ; Namibia ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 168
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  • 44
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    Schulz, Freiburg im Breisgau
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 Z GEN 177:26
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Zwischen dem Bau eines Gebirgslandes und seiner Morphogenese, d. h. der Entwicklung seiner Reliefeigentümlichkeiten, seines Formenstils, bestehen enge Beziehungen. Man kann keine morphologische Forschung betreiben, ohne den Gebirgsbau seines Arbeitsgebietes zu kennen. Bei den Untersuchungen auf der Insel Kreta, die 925/26 begonnen und 1956/57 weitergeführt wurden und die - nach der Problemseite hin - letztlich morphogenetischen Zielen gelten, war es mehr, als es in einem geologisch besser bekannten Gebiet nötig gewesen wäre, erforderlich, auch den geologischen Bau der Insel selbst zu untersuchen. Das gleichzeitige Angehen stratigraphischer bzw. tektonischer und morphogenetischer Fragen hat sich sogar nach beiden Richtungen hin als vorteilhaft erwiesen. Selbst die Erkenntnis des tektonischen Baues kann durch die Verwertung des morphologischen Beobaditungsbefundes wesentlich gefördert werden. Über einen Teil der Ergebnisse berichtet diese erweiterte Form eines in der Jahressitzung der Wissenschafilidıen Gesellschaft Freiburg am 6. Dezember 1957 gehaltenen Vortrages.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 551 ; Griechenland und griechische Inseln {Geologie} ; Gebirge ; Geologie ; Kreta ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 47
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Das Natürlich Geschlossene System (NGS) ist die Abstraktion der Geologie auf ein mathematisches Objekt, das ein lineares Kontinuum der Geologie vollständig durch zwei geometrische Relationen und die arithmetische Relation beschreibt.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; NGS mathematisches Objekt ; NGS, mathematisches Objekt,Geologie, geometrische Relation, arithmetische Relation, Proportionalität, proportional
    Language: German
    Type: article_first
    Format: 4
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Relativierung des mathematischen Begriffs der direkten Proportionalität führt in der Geologie zur Darstellung der geometrischen und der arithmetischen Relation und zur Begründung des geologischen Binärsystems. Die mathematischen Sonderfälle des geologischen Binärsystems stellen das Wesen räumlicher Zusammenhänge in der Geologie dar. Die Anwendung der linearen Regression verifiziert die theoretischen Erkenntnisse durch die Berechnung faktischer Daten im geologischen Bau der Altmark.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; Mathematische und statitische Geologie ; Proportionalität ; proportional, geologisches Binärsystem ; arithmetische Relation ; geometrische Relation
    Language: German
    Type: article_first
    Format: 4
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  • 47
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    In:  SUB Göttingen | 4 MIN II, 1918:187
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die vorliegende Arbeit bildet einen Teil einer größeren Gemeinschaftsarbeit über die Entwicklung der nordalpinen Saumtiefe. Aus vielen neuen Erkenntnissen jüngerer Lokalstudien wird nach den grundlegenden Arbeiten von GÜMBEL und WEITHOFER einmal wieder eine Synthese gewagt, um die vielen Einzeltatsachen zu einem geschlossenen Bild von dem epirogenen und orogenen Werdegang der bayerischen Molasse zu vereinen. Das Literaturstudium ergab bald, daß eigene Geländeuntersuchungen nötig waren, um manche Widersprüche zu klären und die eine oder andere Lücke zu schließen.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 554.3 ; 551 ; Alpenvorland {Geologie} ; Tertiär ; Känozoikum ; Flöz ; Sediment ; Erdkruste ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle_digi
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    TU Berlin
    In:  Autorenexemplar
    Publication Date: 2021-05-25
    Description: Das Ziel vorliegender Untersuchungen war, das ehemalige Ablagerungsmilieu der karnischnorischen Hallstätter Fazies im Berchtesgadener Raum zu charakterisieren. Es wird zum ersten Male eine Überschau des petrographischen, mikrofaziellen, geochemischen, mineralogischen und paläontologischen Bestandes dieser marinen Folge gegeben.
    Description: thesis
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 551 ; Nördliche Ostalpen {Geologie} ; Mesozoikum ; Fazies ; Kalkalpen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 177
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  • 49
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    Univ.-Verl. Göttingen, Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Rock fractures play a major role in many geological processes, such as plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and fluid transport in the earthś crust. The present volume contains the abstracts of all presentations of the symposium Rock Fractures in Geological Processes, held on 26-27 November 2013 in London honouring the 60th birthday of Ágúst Guðmundsson, chair in Structural Geology, Royal Holloway University of London, a leading expert in the field and author of a well known text book of the same title. The symposium covered all topics related to fractures in the earthś crust, e.g., crustal stresses, rock mechanical properties, field analysis of fractures - from joints and faults to mineral veins and dykes - , analytical, analogue and numerical models of fractures and related fluid transport, as well as the activity of faults and volcanoes including calderas, and economic aspects such as exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons and geothermal energy.
    Description: research
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; Festschriften {Geologische Wissenschaften} ; Festschriften {Geophysik} ; Strukturelle Erscheinungen {Strukturgeologie} ; Übertragungsmedien {Seismologie} ; Gesteinsdeformation {Strukturgeologie} ; Bruch ; Klüftung
    Language: English
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: PDF-Datei: 73 S., ca. 4 MB
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Rammsondierungen sind ein gängiges Verfahren zur qualitativen Bestimmung der Lagerungsdichte bzw. Festigkeit nichtbindiger Böden im Rahmen geotechnischer Untersuchungen. Viele Jahre lang war die Verwendung der leichten Rammsonde mit 5 cm2 Spitzenfläche („Künzelstab“) in der Feldpraxis üblich und es existieren solide Erfahrungswerte zur Interpretation ihrer Schlagzahlen. Mit Einführung der DIN EN ISO 22476-2:2012-03 ist ihre Verwendung jedoch nicht mehr zugelassen, sie wurde abgelöst von der leichten Rammsonde mit 10 cm2 Spitzenfläche. Bisherige Veröffentlichungen geben eine große Spannweite für Umrechnungsfaktoren zwischen den Schlagzahlen dieser Sonden an, so dass die Interpretation von heute normkonform gewonnenen Messwerten anhand der früheren Erfahrungen und im Vergleich mit älteren Ergebnissen schwer fällt. Die vorliegende Arbeit bewertet anhand systematischer vergleichender Feldversuche in unterschiedlich gekörnten Böden über und unter dem Grundwasserspiegel die leichte, mittlere und schwere Rammsonde sowie den Künzelstab hinsichtlich der Reproduzierbarkeit ihrer Messwerte. Sie stellt die Schlagzahlen der Sonden zueinander ins Verhältnis, abhängig von der Korngrößenverteilung und Festigkeit des Bodens, der Wassersättigung und der Arbeitstiefe. Die Verlässlichkeit der Festigkeitseinschätzung wird mit Hilfe von Spitzendruckmesswerten einer Drucksondierung überprüft. Es werden gegenüber den bisherigen Veröffentlichungen verbesserte Umrechnungstabellen aufgestellt und ein Beitrag zur Beantwortung der Frage geleistet, ob die Schlagzahlen von Rammsonden einen direkten Rückschluss auf die Lagerungsdichte nichtbindiger Böden zulassen, oder ob dafür die Kenntnis weiterer Bodenparameter erforderlich ist.
    Description: Dynamic probing is an established method of determining soil density and strength, respectively. For many years, the light dynamic probe with a cone area of 5 cm2 (locally also known as „Künzelstab“) was routinely used in field surveys across Germany, and from that substantial experience its measurements could be interpreted well. However, with the introduction of DIN EN ISO 22476-2:2012-03, its use is no longer permitted; it was replaced by the light dynamic probe with a cone area of 10 cm2. Previous publications specified a large range of conversion factors between the two probes, leading to difficulties interpreting measurements that comply with today’s standards in comparison with earlier experience and older field work. The study at hand assesses the reproducibility of measurements done with the light, medium and heavy dynamic probe and the „Künzelstab“ in sands of different grain size distributions, above and below the groundwater level. The different probes’ stroke counts are correlated to each other, depending on the grain size distribution and the penetration resistance of the soil, on water saturation and depth. The reliability of the probes’ soil strength assessments is checked by comparing them to tip resistance readings from a cone penetrometer. Compared to previous publications, improved conversion tables are established and a contribution is made to answering the question of whether the stroke count of dynamic probes allows a direct evaluation of the density of non-cohesive soils, or whether knowledge of further soil parameters is necessary for this purpose.
    Description: HPC AG
    Description: Hamburg Port Authority
    Description: Burmann, Mandel + Partner
    Description: Eggers Umwelttechnik
    Description: 1 Einleitung 1.1 Kontext, Grundlagen und Motivation 1.2 Ziele dieser Arbeit 2 Stand der Forschung 3 Untersuchungsgebiete 3.1 Vorbelastungsschüttung Baakenhafen Nord 3.2 Verfüllung Baakenhafen 3.3 Spülfeld Moorburg-Ellerholz 3.4 Baggergutdeponie Francop 4 Material und Methoden 4.1 Gerätebeschreibung 4.1.1 Rammsonden 4.1.2 Drucksonde 4.1.3 Rammkernsonde 4.2 Feldversuche 4.3 Laborversuche 4.4 Datenaufbereitung 5 Ergebnisse 5.1 Bodenproben 5.2 Streuung und Reproduzierbarkeit 5.3 Verhältniszahlen zwischen den Rammsonden 5.4 Verhältnis zwischen Drucksonde und Rammsonde 6 Diskussion 6.1 Bewertung der Ergebnisse 6.2 Grenzen der Studie 7 Schlussfolgerungen 7.1 Umrechnungstabellen und Diagramme 7.2 Fazit und Ausblick Anhang A Tabellen aus der Literatur B Bohrprofile und Messwerte
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; Ingenieurgeologie ; Geologie ; Ingenieurgeologie ; Rammsondierungen ; Bodenmechanik ; Geotechnik ; Lagerungsdichte ; Künzelstab ; DPL ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 64
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Es werden grundsätzliche Fragestellungen einer mathematisch bzw. axiomatisch begründeten Geologie dargestellt.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551
    Language: German
    Type: article_first
    Format: 8
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    Univ.-Verl. Göttingen, Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Der vorliegende Band enthält eine Sammlung von Arbeiten, die sich mit unterschiedlichen Aspekten der geologischen Entwicklung des Leinetalgrabens und seines strukturellen Rahmens befassen. Grundlage stellen neue und ältere, bislang nicht veröffentlichte Ergebnisse dar, die teilweise im Rahmen von geowissenschaftlichen Examensarbeiten erbracht wurden. Diese häufig in Archiven versteckten Daten sollen hiermit interessierten Fachleuten aber auch geologisch interessierten Laien zugänglich gemacht werden. Herausgeber ist die GeothermieGruppeGöttingen (GGG), in der GeowissenschaftlerInnen aus verschiedenen Abteilungen des Geowissenschaftlichen Zentrums der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (GZG) tätig sind. Aktuelles Forschungsziel der GGG ist, ein dreidimensionales Strukturmodell für die Region Göttingen mit dem Leinetalgraben als zentrale Struktur zu erstellen, das als Grundlage für eine anwendungsbezogene Bewertung geothermischer Potentiale dienen soll.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; Niedersächsisches Bergland {Geologie} ; Niedersachsen und Bremen {Geologie} ; Rifts {Tektonik} ; Geothermalfelder ; Störungstektonik ; Geothermik
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: PDF-Datei: 170 S., 58 MB
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551
    Language: German
    Type: article_first
    Format: 2
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    Zugl.: Berlin, Techn. Hochsch.
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 4 MIN III, 960:57
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Kalisalzlagerstätte des Werragebietes hat bereits verschiedentlich ihre Bearbeitung gefunden. Zu den ersten zusammenfassenden Untersuchungen gehören die von BECK aus dem Jahre 1912, in denen die Kalisalzbildung vom Standpunkt der EVERDING’schen Theorie der „deszendenten“ Salzablagerungen betrachtet ist. […] Die folgenden Untersuchungen gehen dahin, die Veränderungen in der Salzausbildung zu ergründen. Zu diesem Zweck galt es, den Wechsel in der Mineralführung an den Übergangsstellen zu verfolgen und die äußeren Begleiterscheinungen an diesen Punkten zu ermitteln. Ergeben sich hierin gewisse Gesetzmäßigkeiten, so ist die Möglichkeit vorhanden, aus der Art der äußeren Einwirkung und aus den durch sie hervorgerufenen Salzneubildungen Schlüsse auf die ursprüngliche Ausbildung der Kalisalze zu ziehen. Es ist dann aber auch aus den Veränderungen in der Mineralführung auf die mit diesen eintretenden Begleiterscheinungen zu schließen, ein Umstand, der für den Bergbau von Bedeutung sein kann und bei den Aus- und Vorrichtungsarbeiten Hinweise auf die zu erwartende Lagerausbildung gibt. So liegt das Ziel der folgenden Untersuchungen einerseits in wissenschaftlicher Hinsicht, einen Einblick in die Bildungsverhältnisse der Kalisalzlagerstätte zu bekommen, andererseits aber auch in bergmännischer Hinsicht, Unterlagen für die bei der Ausrichtung der Kalilagerstätten so wichtige Deutung der verschiedenartigen Salzausbildungen zu gewinnen.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 551 ; Hessisch-thüringisches Bergland {Geologie} ; Evaporite, Salze {Sedimentologie} ; Ober-Perm ; Salzlagerstätten ; Hessen, Rheinland-Pfalz und Saarland {Rohstoffgeologie} ; Thüringen {Rohstoffgeologie} ; Kalisalze ; Geologie ; Gesteinskunde ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 64
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  • 55
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    Borntraeger, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 MIN III, 1180:34
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Seit mehr als 100 Jahren ist das Leitmeritzer vulkanische Gebirge, gewöhnlich Böhmisches Mittelgebirge genannt, als vulkanisches Gebiet der Tertiärzeit bekannt und das Ziel für die Wanderungen der Geologen. Vorliegendes Büchlein gibt zunächst eine Übersicht über den geologischen Bau des Gebietes, es zeigt die auftretenden Erstarrungsgesteine und ihre Formen sowie ihr Traggerüst in Umrissen auf. Im besonderen Teile werden einzelne Wanderungen angeführt, die zu den wichtigsten geologischen Aufschlüssen leiten. Hierbei sind auch die zahlreichen Mineralfundorte des Gebietes berücksichtigt.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 551 ; Böhmische Masse {Geologie} ; Topografie ; Böhmisches Mittelgebirge ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 384
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  • 56
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    Universitätsverlag Göttingen, Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Das breite inhaltliche Spektrum der vorgestellten Region auf dem Kraton Baltica (Präkambrisches Grundgebirge, Deckgebirge, Deformationszonen, Quartärgeologie) eignet sich sehr gut für eine allgemeingeologische Exkursion für Studierende und Hobby-Geologinnen und -Geologen. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch angewandte/geotechnische Aspekte, hier als Schwerpunkt die Endlagerung radioaktiver Abfälle in den proterozoischen Graniten des Kratons.
    Description: excursionguide
    Keywords: 551 ; Schweden Südost ; Geologie ; Schweden {Geologie}
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: VII, 184 Seiten
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    Universitätsverlag Göttingen, Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält Beiträge zur Geologie des Harzes und seines Umfeldes, die anlässlich des 5. Workshops Harzgeologie am Geowissenschaftlichen Zentrum der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen vorgestellt wurden. Der Band umfasst die Kurzfassungen der Vorträge und Poster und den Exkursionsführer zu dieser zweitägigen Veranstaltung.
    Description: conference
    Description: excursionguide
    Keywords: 554.3 ; 551 ; Harz und seine Vorländer {Geologie} ; Kongress ; Geologie ; Geologie ; Exkursion ; Führer
    Language: English
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
    Format: 117 Seiten
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Das duale System proportionaler Zusammenhäng des natürlich geschlossenen Systems ( geologisches Binärsystem) ist mit der philosophisch begründeten Logik ( materialistische Dialektik) in perfekter Übereinstimmung. Somit sind funktionale Zusammenhänge der Mathematik, der Philosophie und der Geologie mittels Logik und Dialektik widerspruchsfrei erklärbar. Die Philosophen interpretieren die philosophischen Begriffe "endgültige Wahrheit letzter Instanz" und "Negation der Negation" unterschiedlich, entweder werden diese angefochten oder sie besitzen unterschiedliche Inhalte. Das natürlich geschlossene System liefert zur Aufklärung dieser Fragestellung einen Beitrag, der durchaus als diskussionswürdig einzuschätzen ist.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; Philosophie, Mathematik, Geologie, Biologie, Binärsystem, Zusammenhang, Formel, Wahrheit, Erkenntnis
    Language: German
    Type: article_first
    Format: 5
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  • 59
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    TH Dresden
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 DISS TECHN DRESDEN 1928,A-L,14
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Der Kampf der Meinungen um Erosion, Denudation oder Gesteinswechsel ist also noch nicht entschieden und mit den angewandten Methoden nicht zu entscheiden. So mehren sich die Stimmen, die eine Lösung der Fragen, soweit sie überhaupt möglich ist, von eingehenderen Untersuchungen des Gesteins erwarten. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll einen Beitrag hierzu liefern. Das der Untersuchung dienende Gebiet musste zwei Bedingungen erfüllen: Der Sandstein musste erstens in genügender Mächtigkeit erschlossen sein, und zweitens durften sich keine fremden Einflüsse geltend machen. […] So bleibt uns als einziges Gebiet von größerer räumlicher Ausdehnung das Gebiet des Großen Winterberges, das sich ganz vorzüglich für die folgenden Untersuchungen eignet. Es gestattet einen Einblick in die Schichten des Brongniartiquaders in einem etwa 350 m mächtigen Querschnitt, der sich nur an wenigen Stellen, etwa im Bereiche der Basaltschuttströme der Winterberge, unseren Blicken entzieht. Das von mir gewählte Untersuchungsgebiet wird begrenzt durch folgende Linie: Zahnsgrund, Nasser Grund, Kirnitzschtal, Großer Zschand, Teichstein, Torwalder Wände, Reinwiese, Bezirksstraße bis Herrnskretschen, Elbe von Herrnskretschen bis zum Zahnsgrund.
    Description: thesis
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 551 ; Oberkreide ; Klastische Sedimentgesteine ; Morphogenese einzelner Regionen {Geomorphologie} ; Sachsen {Geologie} ; Schichtenfolge ; Erosion ; Elbsandsteingebirge ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 66
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  • 60
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    Vieweg, Braunschweig
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 PHYS MATH I, 4405:92
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Seit Beginn unseres Jahrhunderts wird eine Änderung verschiedener Klimaelemente immer auffälliger. Es scheint an der Zeit, die zahlreichen Einzelarbeiten, welche kleinere Gebiete der Erde und einzelne Klimaelemente oder kürzere Zeitintervalle betreffen, zusammenzufassen und die Ergebnisse übersichtlich darzustellen. So gelangt man zur einwandfreien Feststellung, dass das, was man im landläufigen Sinne als Klima bezeichnet, nichts Unveränderliches ist, sondern recht merklichen Abwandlungen im Laufe von Jahrzehnten oder Jahrhunderten unterworfen ist. […] Es scheint auch lohnend, die viel gewaltigeren Klimaänderungen in der postglazialen Zeit und während der Eiszeit einer zusammenfassenden Diskussion vom meteorologischen Standpunkt zu unterziehen. […] Den Abschluss bildet eine kritische Besprechung der Periodenforschung als solcher sowie einiger Klimaperioden, die in der Literatur zumeist als „bewiesen“ bezeichnet werden.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 910 ; 551 ; Klimaänderungen ; Klimaentwicklung ; Klimaänderungen ; Meteorologie ; Eiszeit ; Klimaperioden ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 227
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    Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung | Stuttgart
    Publication Date: 2021-04-27
    Keywords: Paläontologie: Allgemeines ; 551 ; VU 000 ; 38.20 ; 38.2
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die World Trade Organization (WTO) und besonders die Doha- Verhandlungen über die Weltagrarmärkte stehen vielfach in der Kritik, gegenüber der dringlichen Aufgabe zu versagen, den Hunger in der Welt zu bekämpfen. Zum einen wird eine Ausweitung des Freihandels gefordert und mit der ökonomischen Theorie von Ricardo begründet. Zum anderen werden ein gerechter, fairer Welthandel und ein Recht auf Ernährungssouveränität gefordert. Beide Standpunkte werden hier kritisiert. Sie unterstellen ein Politikversagen, das nicht erklären kann, warum Staaten Freihandel und Protektionismus betreiben. Zur Begründung der Kritik wird auf allgemeiner Ebene der Zusammenhang zwischen der Dynamik von Akkumulation und räumlicher Expansion in kapitalistischen Ökonomien und dem Interesse moderner Staaten am Außenhandel erörtert. Es wird dargelegt, in welcher Weise die Institution WTO ein Mittel imperialistischer Politik ist. Als konkrete Beispiele hierfür werden die Doha-Runde und der gegenwärtige Streit um den Agrarhandel untersucht. Sie zeigen die konkreten Ziele und Verlaufsformen imperialistischer Politik sowie die Rolle der WTO und der Weltmarktentwicklung in der Konkurrenz der Staaten um den abstrakten Reichtum, in der das (Über-)Leben der Hungernden nur als unattraktive Geschäftssphäre vorkommt.
    Keywords: Freihandel; Hunger; WTO; Weltagrarmärkte ; 551
    Language: German
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: gas hydrate-bearing sediments; in situ synchrotron-tomography data ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: A series of various readily water-soluble carbamates were synthesized with good yields. These compounds are useful chemical tracers for assessing the cooling progress in a georeservoir during geothermal power plant operation. Acylation of primary amines was carried out as well as using a solution of sodium bicarbonate and without the presence of salt. Products were characterized by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Purity was confirmed through elemental analysis.
    Description: Open Access Publikationsfonds 2015
    Keywords: chloroformates; primary amines; carbamates; thermo-sensitive tracers; urethanes ; 551
    Language: English , English
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The combination of scanning electron microscope–cathodoluminescence (CL), fluid inclusion analysis and high-resolution electron probe microanalysis of Al, Ti, K and Fe in vein quartz has yielded results permitting a greater understanding of the complex mineralisation of the Central Oyu Tolgoi and Zesen Uul porphyry-style deposits, southern Mongolia. These data demonstrate the relationship between quartz precipitation, dissolution and ore deposition as the mineralising fluid chemistry changed through time. Four major quartz generations are identified in the A-type veins from the stockworks of both the Central Oyu Tolgoi (OTi to OTiv) and Zesen Uul deposits (ZUi to ZUiv). Despite differences in the associated alteration and mineralisation style, the observed CL textures and trace element signatures of the quartz generations are comparable between deposits. The OTi and ZUi stage formed both the primary network of A-type veins and pervasive silicification of the host rock. Using the Ti-in-quartz geothermometer, crystallisation temperatures for OTi and ZUi of between 598°C and 880°C are indicated. The main stage of sulphide mineralisation was accompanied by the dissolution of pre-existing quartz (OTi and ZUi) and precipitation of a weakly luminescent generation of quartz (OTii and ZUii) with a low Ti content, reflected in a calculated temperature drop from approximately 700°C to 340°C in Central Oyu Tolgoi and 445°C in Zesen Uul. OTii and ZUii stage quartzes show high and variable Al concentrations. The next stage of quartz in both deposits (OTiii and ZUiii) forms a fine network of veins in cracks formed in pre-existing quartz. OTiii and ZUiii quartz contain measurable fluid inclusions of moderate salinity (3–17.1 wt.% NaCl eq.), entrapped in the temperature range 256°C to 385°C. OTiii and ZUiii are not related to any sulphide mineralisation. The final OTiv and ZUiv stages are characterised by quartz–calcite micro-breccias that penetrate the A-type veins. Based on the calculated entrapment temperatures, the OTiv/ZUiv stage crystallised between 212°C and 335°C, and the quartz is characterised by elevated but variable Al and Fe contents. The CL and trace element signatures of the OTi to OTiii and ZUi to ZUiii stages of the two Mongolian porphyries show similar features to those observed in porphyry-style deposits from other regions. This suggests that a common sequence of quartz crystallisation occurs during the formation of early veins in many porphyry copper systems.
    Keywords: Copper porphyry; Quartz; Cathodoluminescence; Fluid inclusion; Trace elements; Mongolia ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Chemical reduction has long dominated the thinking about the mechanism of aqueous contaminant removal in the presence of metallic iron (e.g. Fe0/H2O systems). However, a large body of experimental evidence indicates that chemical reduction is not adequate to explain satisfactorily the efficiency of Fe0/H2O systems for several substances or classes of substances. By contrast, the alternative approach, that contaminants are fundamentally adsorbed and co-precipitated by iron corrosion products seems to provide a better explanation of observed efficiency. The new approach is obviously not really understood. The present communication aims at clarifying this key issue. It seems that a paradigm shift is necessary for the further development of the iron technology.
    Keywords: Contaminant removal; Paradigm shift; Removal mechanism; Water treatment; Zerovalent iron ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: Adsorption; Contaminant removal; Mechanisms; Reduction; Zerovalent metals ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: Interdisciplinary approach; Peer-review system; Permeable reactive barrier; Water treatment; Zero-valent iron ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: A detailed electrochemical, photophysical and theoretical study is presented for various new thienyl and furyl derivatives of pyrene. Their optical properties are described based on UV-VIS absorption and both steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. DFT and TDDFT calculations are also presented to support experimental data. The calculations results show that HOMO-LUMO orbitals are delocalized uniformly between aromatic core and aryl substituents. Good electrochemical stability of thienyl and furyl hybrids of pyrene confirm their potential application for light emitting electrochemical cells or spintronics mainly due to their beneficial optical and charge transport properties in electrochromic devices. In order to demonstrate this potential, an OLED device is presented. Synthesized compounds included in this OLED device both facilitate electron transport and act as a light emitting layer.
    Keywords: thienyl; furyl derivatives; pyrene ; 551
    Language: English , English
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2021-04-25
    Description: An external skeleton is an essential part of the body plan of many animals and is thought to be one of the key factors that enabled the great expansion in animal diversity and disparity during the Cambrian explosion. Molluscs are considered ideal to study the evolution of biomineralization because of their diversity of highly complex, robust and patterned shells. The molluscan shell forms externally at the interface of animal and environment, and involves controlled deposition of calcium carbonate within a framework of macromolecules that are secreted from the dorsal mantle epithelium. Despite its deep conservation within Mollusca, the mantle is capable of producing an incredible diversity of shell patterns, and macro- and micro-architectures. Here we review recent developments within the field of molluscan biomineralization, focusing on the genes expressed in the mantle that encode secreted proteins. The so-called mantle secretome appears to regulate shell deposition and patterning and in some cases becomes part of the shell matrix. Recent transcriptomic and proteomic studies have revealed marked differences in the mantle secretomes of even closely-related molluscs; these typically exceed expected differences based on characteristics of the external shell. All mantle secretomes surveyed to date include novel genes encoding lineage-restricted proteins and unique combinations of co-opted ancient genes. A surprisingly large proportion of both ancient and novel secreted proteins containing simple repetitive motifs or domains that are often modular in construction. These repetitive low complexity domains (RLCDs) appear to further promote the evolvability of the mantle secretome, resulting in domain shuffling, expansion and loss. RLCD families further evolve via slippage and other mechanisms associated with repetitive sequences. As analogous types of secreted proteins are expressed in biomineralizing tissues in other animals, insights into the evolution of the genes underlying molluscan shell formation may be applied more broadly to understanding the evolution of metazoan biomineralization.
    Keywords: Biomineralization; Mollusc; Mantle; Shell; Shell matrix proteins; Co-option; Lineage-specific novelties; Repetitive low complexity domain ; 551
    Language: English , English
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  • 71
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Our planet earth is a system - scarcely understood - of geological, biological und cosmic processes of great variety, which make it an interesting object of research. The papers listed here deal with topics of a series of lectures open to the public, presented at the Academy of Sciences and at the Georg August University of Göttingen, which were organised by the publishers of this book. It is the publishers' aim to bring before the public a few important and interesting geoscientific aspects. Needless to say, there is no claim to cover all aspects of this subject area. However, the publishers would like to initiate readers to concentrate more deeply on scientific topics. The selected material should help them to find their way through the diversity of this branch of research.
    Keywords: geology; earth science; history of earth ; OAPEN ; 551 ; 38.10 ; RB ; PSAJ ; R
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: This study aims to evaluate quantitatively the land surface temperature (LST) derived from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) MOD11A1 and MYD11A1 Collection 5 products for daily land air surface temperature (Ta) estimation over a mountainous region in northern Vietnam. The main objective is to estimate maximum and minimum Ta (Ta-max and Ta-min) using both TERRA and AQUA MODIS LST products (daytime and nighttime) and auxiliary data, solving the discontinuity problem of ground measurements. There exist no studies about Vietnam that have integrated both TERRA and AQUA LST of daytime and nighttime for Ta estimation (using four MODIS LST datasets). In addition, to find out which variables are the most effective to describe the differences between LST and Ta, we have tested several popular methods, such as: the Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise, Bayesian information criterion (BIC), adjusted R-squared and the principal component analysis (PCA) of 14 variables (including: LST products (four variables), NDVI, elevation, latitude, longitude, day length in hours, Julian day and four variables of the view zenith angle), and then, we applied nine models for Ta-max estimation and nine models for Ta-min estimation. The results showed that the differences between MODIS LST and ground truth temperature derived from 15 climate stations are time and regional topography dependent. The best results for Ta-max and Ta-min estimation were achieved when we combined both LST daytime and nighttime of TERRA and AQUA and data from the topography analysis.
    Description: Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2016
    Keywords: land surface temperature (LST); MODIS LST products; northern Vietnam ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Groundwater from the La Paz arid coastal aquifer in Baja California, Mexico, is essentially the only source of drinking water for the local population and tourists, as well as irrigation water for agricultural needs. The intensive exploitation of the aquifer and water cycling has resulted in groundwater abatement (up to 10 m) and high salinity (up to *5800 mg l-1). A study using hydrochemistry, isotopic (deuterium, oxygen-18 and carbon- 14) and gaseous tracers (chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113), as well as multivariate statistics, was developed to elucidate groundwater composition, flow and occurrence. Groundwater is of meteoric origin, and a large proportion is subject to evaporation. The primary natural recharge is generated in the El Novillo and Las Cruces ranges, and groundwater subsequently flows in a SE–NW direction toward the coast. The initial water type is the result of discordant dissolution of silicate minerals and ion exchange on soils. In the lower plain portion, the aquifer system is recharged from irrigation return flow and seawater intrusion, which significantly affects groundwater chemistry. Nitrate and chloride concentrations indicate that groundwater is highly affected by an overuse of fertilizers in agricultural activities, but there is little effect from urban activities. Seawater intrusion has progressed rapidly during the past decade, and the impact currently extends 13 km inland. Radiocarbon residence time calculations suggest that groundwater is modern, with the exception of Chametla and El Centerario sites in the central and western lowlands with ages of up to *5000 years. These waters indicate an additional recharge source for the upconing of fossil groundwater or regional flow.
    Keywords: Coastal aquifers; Hydrogeochemistry; Arid regions; Isotope hydrology; Contamination ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dada la importancia que revisten los suelos en los procesos que ocurren en la zona crítica (zona de interacción entre agua, suelo, aire, organismos), en este trabajo presentamos la distribución temporal y espacial de una secuencia de paleosuelos arcillosos con carbonatos secundarios (capas de caliches y carbonatos diseminados) en el sector nororiental de la Cuenca de México, particularmente en el valle de Teotihuacán. El propósito de este trabajo consiste en reconstruir la distribución temporal y espacial de la cubierta de suelos del pasado para entender su relación con la estructura actual de suelos y sedimentos en este sector semiárido de la cuenca de México. Con esta información, determinar la participación de estos materiales en la Zona Crítica (ZC). Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un transecto de dirección norte-sur, que inicia en las elevaciones del Cerro Gordo, cruza el valle de Teotihuacán y termina en la Sierra Patlachique, describiendo perfiles de suelo en diferentes posiciones geomorfológicas. El marco cronológico se ha establecido con base en fechamientos de radiocarbono realizados en las capas de caliches. De acuerdo a la cronología, al tipo y grado de pedogénesis, y a los procesos de sedimentación, se han reconocido cuatro unidades. La primera unidad, denominada Paleosuelos del Pleistoceno, fase I (50000 – 20000 años AP), está compuesta de paleosuelos arcillosos, los cuales son Luvisoles crómicos y estágnicos, dependiendo de su posición en el paisaje. Estos paleosuelos muestran tanto carbonatos secundarios diseminados y en fracturas, como capas de caliches. En la segunda unidad, Paleosuelos del Pleistoceno, fase II (20000 –10000 años AP), dominan los sedimentos sobre los suelos; únicamente en el fondo del Valle, se han encontrado Gleysoles cortados por canales aluviales. La unidad, Paleosuelos del Holoceno, fase I (10000 a 1000 años AP) se caracteriza por presentar suelos poligenéticos (Vertisoles), fuertemente modificados por los procesos antrópicos, durante las diversas fases de ocupación pre-hispánica. La última unidad, Suelos del Holoceno, fase II, abarca el último milenio, en donde se destacan procesos de erosión e inestabilidad del paisaje. La tendencia principal en la distribución espacial de los paleosuelos es la siguiente: las unidades antiguas (Luvisoles, capas de caliches y Vertisoles) están sepultadas profundamente en el fondo del valle. Sin embargo, en los taludes y elevaciones montañosas, pueden aparecer cerca o directamente sobre la superficie, siendo incorporados en el manto de suelos actual. Las interrelaciones entre los diferentes paleosuelos a lo largo del transecto estudiado, junto con las observaciones micromorfológicas, apoyan la hipótesis de una relación evolutiva entre los Luvisoles pleistocénicos y los Vertisoles del Holoceno. Consideramos que estas diferentes unidades repercuten en los procesos hidrológicos en el valle y que las capas de caliche formadas en los ambientes pleistocénicos pueden afectar la geoquímica del agua subterránea así como sus firmas isotópicas.
    Description: As soils are important elements for the processes involved in the critical zone (the zone of interaction between water, soil, air, and organisms), in this work we present the temporal and spatial distribution of a clayey-paleosol sequence with secondary carbonates (layers of caliche and disseminated carbonates) in the northeast sector of the Mexico Basin, particularly in the Teotihuacan Valley. The goal of this paper is the temporal and spatial reconstruction of the past soil cover to understand its relationship with the present day soils and sediments in this semiarid sector of the Mexico Basin. With this information the involvement of these materials in the critical zone could be determined. To comply with these objectives, a north-south transect was carried out, starting in the Cerro Gordo, crossing the Teotihuacan valley and ending in the Sierra Patlachique, describing soil profiles located in different geomorphological positions. The chronological framework has been established with radiocarbon dates of the caliche layers. According to this chronology, the type and degree of pedogenesis, as well as the sedimentation processes, four units have been recognized. The first unit is named the Pleistocene Paleosols, phase I (50000 – 20000 years BP), and is composed of clayey paleosols, chromic and stagnic Luvisols, depending on their position in the landscape. These paleosols contain pedogenic carbonates, disseminated and in fractures, and caliche layers. In the second unit, the Pleistocene Paleosols, phase II (20000 –10000 years BP), sediments predominate over soils; only in the valley floor some Gleysols are found to be cut by alluvial channels. The unit, Paleosols of the Holocene Paleosols unit, phase I (10000 to 1000 years BP), is characterized by polygenetic soils (Vertisols) strongly modified by anthropic processes during distinct phases of pre-hispanic occupation. The last unit, the Holocene Soils, phase II, covers the last millennium when erosional processes and unstable landscape dominate. The paleosols (Luvisols, caliche layers, and Vertisols) are deeply buried at the bottom of the valley. However, on the slopes and hilltop positions, they can appear close to or directly on the surface, being incorporated in the present day soil mantle. Spatial interrelations of different paleosols along the studied transect together with micromorphological observations support the hypothesis of an evolutionary link between the Pleistocene Luvisols and the Holocene Vertisols. We propose that these different units are involved in the hydrological processes in the valley and that the caliche layers, formed in the Pleistocene environments, can affect the geochemistry of the groundwater as well as its isotopic signatures.
    Keywords: paleosuelos; Teotihuacán; caliches; Luvisoles; Vertisoles; cuenca de México; paleosols; Teotihuacan; caliches; Luvisols; Vertisols; Basin of Mexico ; 551
    Language: Spanish
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: A new method to correlate intrinsic reactivity and treatability efficiency of metallic iron (Fe0) was evaluated. A 2.0 mg L-1 methylene blue (MB) solution was used in gravity fed column experiments. The intrinsic reactivity of nine Fe0 materials (ten samples) was characterized using the EDTA test. Three commercial Fe0 materials ZVI1 (0.40 - 0.80 mm), ZVI9 (0.50 mm) and ZVI10 (0.45 - 0.55 mm) were tested in column experiments. A layer containing 100 g of Fe0 was sandwiched between 19.0 to 20.0 cm upper coarse sand (1.6 - 2.0 mm) and 8.0 cm lower fine sand (0.25 - 0.30 mm). 500 mL of the MB solution was daily filtered through each column for one month. Effluent solutions were characterized for MB and Fe concentrations. The columns were also characterized by the evolution of the hydraulic conductivity (k values). Results showed (i) quantitative MB removal (〉 88 %) and (ii) limited Fe release for all three columns. After about 25 days, the Fe levels were constantly less than 1.0 mg L-1. The most significant difference was observed in the evolution of the k value and was attributed to the different material sorting. Less sorted ZVI1 exhibited the lowest initial k value (8.0 vs 43.0 mm min-1 for ZVI9 and ZVI10) and most significant permeability loss. Results confirmed the usefulness of the tested protocol as a reliable method to assess the efficiency of Fe0 materials in short term column experiments. Well-sorted Fe0 materials are recommended for long term efficient Fe0 filtration systems.
    Keywords: Intrinsic reactivity; Methylene blue; Reactive filtration; Treatability efficiency; Zerovalent iron ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2021-04-25
    Keywords: 551 ; VU 000 ; 38.20
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
    Format: 247-257
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2021-04-25
    Keywords: 551 ; VKB 350 ; 38.20
    Language: English
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
    Format: 186-209
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In order to better understand the role of fluids during subduction and subsequent exhumation, we have investigated whole-rock and mineral chemistry (major and trace elements) and Li, B as well as O, Sr, Nd, Pb isotopes on selected continuous drill-core profiles through contrasting lithological boundaries from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CCSD) in Sulu, China. Four carefully selected sample sets have been chosen to investigate geochemical changes as a result of fluid mobilization during dehydration, peak metamorphism, and exhumation of deeply subducted continental crust. Our data reveal that while O and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions remain more or less unchanged, significant Li and/or B isotope fractionations occur between different lithologies that are in close contact during various metamorphic stages. Samples that are supposed to represent prograde dehydration as indicated by veins formed at high pressures (HP) are characterized by element patterns of highly fluid-mobile elements in the veins that are complementary to those of the host eclogite. A second sample set represents a UHP metamorphic crustal eclogite that is separated from a garnet peridotite by a thin transitional interface. Garnet peridotite and eclogite are characterized by a 〉10% difference in MgO, which, together with the presence of abundant hydroxyl-bearing minerals and compositionally different clinopyroxene grains demonstrate that both rocks have been derived from different sources that have been tectonically juxtaposed during subduction, and that hydrous silicate-rich fluids have been added from the subducting slab to the mantle. Two additional sample sets, comprising retrograde amphibolite and relatively fresh eclogite, demonstrate that besides external fluids, internal fluids can be responsible for the formation of amphibolite. Li and B concentrations and isotopic compositions point to losses and isotopic fractionation during progressive dehydration. On the other hand, fluids with isotopically heavier Li and B are added during retrogression. On a small scale, mantle-derived rocks may be significantly metasomatized by fluids derived from the subducted slab. Our study indicates that during high-grade metamorphism, Li and B may show different patterns of enrichment and of isotopic fractionation.
    Keywords: Fluid/rock interaction; Elemental transfer; Isotopic fractionation; Subduction and exhumation; Sulu ; 551 ; Earth Sciences; Mineralogy; Mineral Resources; Geology
    Language: English
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The Itajaí Basin located in the southern border of the Luís Alves Microplate is considered as a peripheral foreland basin related to the Dom Feliciano Belt. It presents an excellent record of the Ediacaran period, and its upper parts display the best Brazilian example of Precambrian turbiditic deposits. The basal succession of Itajaí Group is represented by sandstones and conglomerates (Baú Formation) deposited in alluvial and deltaic-fan systems. The marine upper sequences correspond to the Ribeirão Carvalho (channelized and non-channelized proximal silty-argillaceous rhythmic turbidites), Ribeirão Neisse (arkosic sandstones and siltites), and Ribeirão do Bode (distal silty turbidites) formations. The Apiúna Formation felsic volcanic rocks crosscut the sedimentary succession. The Cambrian Subida leucosyenogranite represents the last felsic magmatic activity to affect the Itajaí Basin. The Brusque Group and the Florianópolis Batholith are proposed as source areas for the sediments of the upper sequence. For the lower continental units the source areas are the Santa Catarina, São Miguel and Camboriú complexes. The lack of any oceanic crust in the Itajaí Basin suggests that the marine units were deposited in a restricted, internal sea. The sedimentation started around 600 Ma and ended before 560 Ma as indicated by the emplacement of rhyolitic domes. The Itajaí Basin is temporally and tectonically correlated with the Camaquã Basin in Rio Grande do Sul and the Arroyo del Soldado/Piriápolis Basin in Uruguay. It also has several tectono-sedimentary characteristics in common with the African-equivalent Nama Basin.
    Keywords: Dom Feliciano Belt; Ediacaran; Foreland basin; U–Pb SHRIMP ages; Provenance ; 551 ; Earth Sciences; Geophysics/Geodesy; Geology
    Language: English
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In the crystal structure of the title compound [systematic name: 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptatriene-5-carboxamide–1,4- dioxane (2/1)], 2C16H13NO C4H8O2, the cytenamide molecules form a hydrogen-bonded R2 2(8) dimer. The solvent molecule is located between two adjacent cytenamide dimers and forms N—H O hydrogen bonds with one cytenamide molecule from each dimer.
    Keywords: single-crystal X-ray study; T = 160 K; mean (C–C) = 0.004 A° ; R factor = 0.069; wR factor = 0.122; data-to-parameter ratio = 13.5. ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: Adsorption; Decontamination; Reduction; Remediation; Zerovalent iron ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 82
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: letter; apology letter ; 551 ; Chlorine ; Iron ; Lindane ; Palladium ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Water Purification
    Language: English , English
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: Environmental remediation; Material reactivity; Nanoscale iron; Roll-front; Zerovalent iron ; 551 ; Environment; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Climate Change; Environment, general; Soil Science & Conservation; Hydrogeology; Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution
    Language: English
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Basaltic dyke swarms in the southern continental part of the Cameroon Volcanic Line (Bangangte, Dschang, Manjo areas) are tholeiitic in composition with 46 to 50 wt.% SiO 2 and have moderate Mg-numbers (53–59), medium TiO 2 contents (1.48–2,05 wt.%), and flat to mildly enriched incompatible trace element patterns. Comparison with trace element patterns of representative Cenozoic basaltic rocks of the Cameroon Volcanic Line (Bana anorogenic complex, Mt. Bambouto, Adamawa Plateau basalts) indicates that these dykes are less enriched in light REE and show different incompatible trace element ratios (La/Yb: 5.7 to 8.6; Zr/Nb: 7.6 to 12.0; Ba/Th: 87.7 to 93.3). The trace element patterns of the dykes and their Sr- and Nd- isotope compositions, however, are similar to those of the pre-Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the Benue Trough in Nigeria. Our data therefore suggest that these dykes represent the magmatic history related to the break-up of Africa and South America and are unrelated to the Tertiary volcanism of the Cameroon Line.
    Keywords: Basalt dykes; Tholeiites; Phanerozoic; Cameroon volcanic line; West Gondwana ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 13
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The arborescent lycophyte group known as the sigillarians bore pedunculate fructifications, including Sigillariostrobus Schimper, which has a known propensity to disaggregate, making comparisons of cones and in situ spores often difficult if not impossible. Sigillariostrobus is monosporangiate, containing either megaspores or microspores. Two new species of Sigillariostrobus with megaspores are described from the British Coal Measures. Two cones of Sigillariostrobus saltwellensis sp. nov. are described from Langsettian–Duckmantian strata of Great Britain, containing in situ Laevigatisporites glabratus (Zerndt) Potonié and Kremp spores, making this the first British Sigillariostrobus species described containing such spores. Sigillariostrobus barkeri sp. nov. is given here to the previously described cone with in situ Tuberculatisporites brevispiculus (Schopf) Potonié and Kremp spores. This is the first Sigillariostrobus cone with this megaspore species in situ, and thus shows that T. brevispiculus and T. mamillarius (Bartlett) Potonié and Kremp are not conspecific as others have previously suggested.
    Description: Open-Access Publikationsfonds 2015
    Keywords: Sigillariostrobus Schimper; megasporangiate; British Coal Measures ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2021-04-27
    Description: he fossil record of lichens is scarce and many putative fossil lichens do not show an actual physiological relationship between mycobionts and photobionts or a typical habit, and are therefore disputed. Amber has preserved a huge variety of organisms in microscopic fidelity, and so the study of amber fossils is promising for elucidating the fossil history of lichens. However, so far it has not been tested as to how amber inclusions of lichens are preserved regarding their internal characters, ultrastructure, and chemofossils. Here, we apply light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Raman spectroscopy to an amber-preserved Eocene lichen in order to gain information about the preservation of the fossil. The lichen thallus displays lifelike tissue preservation including the upper and lower cortex, medulla, photobiont layer, apothecia, and soredia. SEM analysis revealed globular photobiont cells in contact with the fungal hyphae, as well as impressions of possible former crystals of lichen compounds. EDX analysis permitted the differentiation between halite and pyrite crystals inside the lichen which were likely formed during the later diagenesis of the amber piece. Raman spectroscopy revealed the preservation of organic compounds and a difference between the composition of the cortex and the medulla of the fossil.
    Description: Open Access Publikationsfonds 2015
    Keywords: Lichen; amber; morphology; ultrastructure; chemofossils; taphonomic alteration ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Fungi have been recognized as a frequent colonizer of subseafloor basalt but a substantial understanding of their abundance, diversity and ecological role in this environment is still lacking. Here we report fossilized cryptoendolithic fungal communities represented by mainly Zygomycetes and minor Ascomycetes in vesicles of dredged volcanic rocks (basanites) from the Vesteris Seamount in the Greenland Basin. Zygomycetes had not been reported from subseafloor basalt previously. Different stages in zygospore formation are documented in the studied samples, representing a reproduction cycle. Spore structures of both Zygomycetes and Ascomycetes are mineralized by romanechite-like Mn oxide phases, indicating an involvement in Mn(II) oxidation to form Mn(III,VI) oxides. Zygospores still exhibit a core of carbonaceous matter due to their resistance to degradation. The fungi are closely associated with fossiliferous marine sediments that have been introduced into the vesicles. At the contact to sediment infillings, fungi produced haustoria that penetrated and scavenged on the remains of fragmented marine organisms. It is most likely that such marine debris is the main carbon source for fungi in shallow volcanic rocks, which favored the establishment of vital colonies.
    Keywords: Fungal structure; Fungi; Vesicles; Sediment; Fossils; Zygomycetes; Seamounts; Marine geology ; 551
    Language: English , English
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Despite two decades of intensive research on using metallic iron (Fe0) for environmental remediation and water treatment, basic concerns about their efficiency still prevail. This communication presents the basic idea of the view that challenges the prevailing paradigm on the operating mode of Fe0/H2O systems. The alternative paradigm is in tune with the mainstream science on aqueous iron corrosion. Its large scale adoption will enable a scientifically based system design and increase the acceptance of this already proven efficient technology.
    Keywords: Adsorption; Co-precipitation; Filtration; Water treatment; Zero-valent iron ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , submittedVersion
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2021-04-27
    Description: Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2016
    Keywords: Fossils; Leaves; Paleobiology; Mosses, Plant fossils; Eocene epoch, Bryology; Nonvascular plants ; 551
    Language: English , English
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: methane hydrate; NGH; gas transport; self-preservation; LNG; CNG; pipeline; methane hydrate carrier; risk analysis ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The temperature dependence of H-Uiso in N-acetyl-l-4-hydroxyproline monohydrate is investigated. Imposing a constant temperature-independent multiplier of 1.2 or 1.5 for the riding hydrogen model is found to be inaccurate, and severely underestimates H-Uiso below 100 K. Neutron diffraction data at temperatures of 9, 150, 200 and 250 K provide benchmark results for this study. X-ray diffraction data to high resolution, collected at temperatures of 9, 30, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200 and 250 K (synchrotron and home source), reproduce neutron results only when evaluated by aspherical-atom refinement models, since these take into account bonding and lone-pair electron density; both invariom and Hirshfeld-atom refinement models enable a more precise determination of the magnitude of H-atom displacements than independent-atom model refinements. Experimental efforts are complemented by computing displacement parameters following the TLS+ONIOM approach. A satisfactory agreement between all approaches is found.
    Keywords: riding hydrogen model; QM/MM computations; neutron diffraction; invariom refinement; Hirshfeld-atom refinement; synchrotron radiation ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: soil respiration ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Lore-Lindu-Region in der indonesischen Provinz Zentralsulawesi befindet sich gegenwärtig im Spannungsfeld zwischen dem Schutz des Regenwaldes einerseits und den Interessen für ein zukunftsfähiges Auskommen seitens der dort lebenden Bevölkerung andererseits. Als eine der entscheidenden Grundlagen für eine nachhaltige Lösung dieser Problematik enthüllt dieser Band den facettenreichen Kulturlandschaftswandel in dieser Region. Für den Zeitraum von der präkolonialen Phase über die Kolonialzeit bis in die Gegenwart zeigt der Autor dabei Kontinuitäten und Brüche sowie die enorme räumliche und zeitliche Heterogenität der regionalen Entwicklung auf.
    Description: Located within the Indonesian province of Central Sulawesi, the Lore Lindu region currently represents an area of conflict between the conservation of the rainforest on the one hand and the future-oriented livelihood interests of the local people on the other hand. As one of the indispensable preconditions for a sustainable solution of this problem this volume discloses the facet-rich change of the cultural landscape in this region. Covering a time frame from the pre-colonial phase via the colonial period into the present, the author demonstrates continuities and disruptions as well as the enormous spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the regional development.
    Keywords: Asien; Zentralcelebes; Regenwald; Kulturlandschaftswandel ; 551 ; 74.21 ; RG ; RGBL
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: This letter presents an improved discussion of the data provided in a recent article on EDTA removal from aqueous solutions using elemental iron (Fe(0)) by O. Gyliene and his co-workers. It is shown that the authors have furnished a brilliant validation of the concept that dissolved contaminants are primary removed in Fe(0)/H(2)O systems by adsorption onto iron corrosion products and co-precipitation with iron corrosion products. It is reiterated that "contaminant removal" and "contaminant reduction" should not be interchanged randomly.
    Keywords: Adsorption; Co-precipitation; EDTA; Iron corrosion; Zerovalent iron; ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , submittedVersion
    Format: 7
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The intrinsic reactivity of four metallic iron materials (Fe0) was investigated in batch and column experiments. The Fe0 reactivity was characterized by the extent of aqueous fixation of in-situ leached arsenic (As). Air-homogenized batch experiments were conducted for 1 month with 10.0 g/ℓ of an As-bearing rock (ore material) and 0.0 or 5.0 g/ℓ of Fe0. Column experiments were performed for 2 and 3 months. Each dynamic experiment was made up of 2 glass columns in series. The first column contained 2.5 or 5.0 g of the ore material and the second column 0.0 or 5.0 g of a Fe0 material. Results showed no significant reactivity difference in batch studies for all 4 materials, ZVI2 was by far the most reactive material in column experiments. This observation was attributed to the relative kinetics of production of aqueous As and Fe species under the experimental conditions and their impact on the formation of a protective film on Fe0. Accordingly, no protective film could be built at the surface of the least reactive materials. The results corroborated the urgent need for unified experimental procedures to characterize Fe0 materials.
    Keywords: Column study; Intrinsic reactivity; Ore mineral; Water treatment; Zerovalent iron ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , submittedVersion
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2021-04-25
    Description: During the last few years, the analysis of microbial diversity in various habitats greatly increased our knowledge on the kingdom Archaea. At the same time, we became aware of the multiple ways in which Archaea may interact with each other and with organisms of other kingdoms. The large group of euryarchaeal methanogens and their methane oxidizing relatives, in particular, take part in essential steps of the global methane cycle. Both of these processes, which are in reverse to each other, are partially conducted in a symbiotic interaction with different partners, either ciliates and xylophagous animals or sulfate reducing bacteria. Other symbiotic interactions are mostly of unknown ecological significance but depend on highly specific mechanisms. This paper will give an overview on interactions between Archaea and other organisms and will point out the ecological relevance of these symbiotic processes, as long as these have been already recognized.
    Keywords: Archaea; Symbioses; ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Most studies dealing with material properties of sandstones are based on a small data set. The present study utilizes petrographical and petrophysical data from 22 selected sandstones and ~300 sandstones from the literature to estimate/predict the material and weathering behaviour of characteristic sandstones. Composition and fabric properties were determined from detailed thin section analyses. Statistical methods applied consist of data distributions with whisker plots and linear regression with confidence regions for the petrophysical and weathering properties. To identify similarities between individual sandstones and to define groups of specific sandstone types, principal component and cluster analyses were applied. The results confirm an interaction between the composition, depositional environment, stratigraphic association and diagenesis, which leads to a particular material behaviour of sandstones. Three different types of pore radii distributions are observed, whereby each is derived from different pore space modifications during diagenesis and is associated with specific sandstone types: (1) bimodal with a maximum in capillary and micropores, (2) unimodal unequal with a maximum in smaller capillary pores and (3) unimodal equable with a maximum in larger capillary pores. Each distribution shows specific dependencies to water absorption, salt loading and hygric dilatation. The strength–porosity relationship shows dependence on the content of unstable lithic fragments, grain contact and type of pore radii distribution, cementation and degree of alteration. Sandstones showing a maximum of capillary pores and micropores (bimodal) exhibit a distinct hygric dilatation and low salt resistance. These sandstones are highly immature sublitharenites–litharenites, characterized by altered unstable rock fragments, which show pointed-elongated grain contacts, and some pseudomatrix. Quartz arenites and sublitharenites–litharenites which are strongly compacted and cemented, show unimodal unequal pore radii distributions, low porosity, high strength and a high salt resistance. The presence of swellable clay minerals in sublitharenites–litharenites leads to a medium to high hygric dilatation, whereas quartz arenites show little hygric dilatation. Sandstones with unimodal equal pore radii distribution mostly belong to weakly compacted and cemented mature quartz arenites. These are characterized by high water absorption and high porosity, low to medium strength and a low salt resistance. The data compiled in this study are used to create a sandstone quality catalogue. Since material properties are dependent on many different parameters of influence, the transition between different lithotypes is fluent.
    Keywords: Sandstones; Pore space; Prediction; Weathering behavior; Compressive strength ; 551 ; Earth Sciences; Geology
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Attenuation of micro-contaminants is a very complex field in environmental science and evidence suggests that biodegradation rates of micro-contaminants in the aqueous environment depend on the water matrix. The focus of the study presented here is the systematic comparison of biotransformation rates of caffeine, carbamazepine, metoprolol, paracetamol and valsartan in river water microcosms spiked with different proportions of treated effluent (0%, 0.1%, 1%, and 10%). Biotransformation was identified as the dominating attenuation process by the evolution of biotransformation products such as atenolol acid and valsartan acid. Significantly decreasing biotransformation rates of metoprolol were observed at treated effluent proportions ≥0.1% whereas significantly increasing biotransformation rates of caffeine and valsartan were observed in the presence of 10% treated effluent. Potential reasons for the observations are discussed and the addition of adapted microorganisms via the treated effluent was suggested as the most probable reason. The impact of additional phosphorus on the biodegradation rates was tested and the experiments revealed that phosphorus-limitation was not responsible.
    Description: Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2014
    Keywords: biodegradation; pharmaceuticals; caffeine; river water; treated effluent; valsartan acid ; 551
    Language: English , English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 16
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: A high-resolution multiproxy geochemical approach was applied to the sediments of Laguna Potrok Aike in an attempt to reconstruct moist and dry periods during the past 16 000 years in southeastern Patagonia. The age–depth model is inferred from AMS 14C dates and tephrochronology, and suggests moist conditions during the Lateglacial and early Holocene (16 000–8700 cal. BP) interrupted by drier conditions before the beginning of the Holocene (13 200–11 400 cal. BP). Data also imply that this period was a major warm phase in southeastern Patagonia and was approximately contemporaneous with the Younger Dryas chronozone in the Northern Hemisphere (12 700–11 500 cal. BP). After 8650 cal. BP a major drought may have caused the lowest lake level of the record. Since 7300 cal. BP, the lake level rose and was variable until the ‘Little Ice Age’, which was the dominant humid period after 8650 cal. BP.
    Keywords: Holocene ; Younger Dryas ; Lateglacial ; `Little Ice Age' ; lacustrine sediments ; geochemistry ; tephrochronology ; multiproxy approach ; Patagonia ; Argentina. ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The spatio-temporal variability of trends in vegetation greenness in dryland areas is a well-documented phenomenon in remote sensing studies at global to regional scales. The underlying causes differ, however, and are often not well understood. Here, we analyzed the trends in vegetation greenness for a semi-arid area in northeastern Brazil (NEB) and examined the relationships between those dynamics and climate anomalies, namely the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) for the period 1982 to 2010, based on annual Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values from the latest version of the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) NDVI dataset (NDVI3g) dataset. Against the ample assumption of ecological and socio-economic research, the results of our inter-annual trend analysis of NDVI and precipitation indicate large areas of significant greening in the observation period. The spatial extent and strength of greening is a function of the prevalent land-cover type or biome in the study area. The regression analysis of ENSO indicators and NDVI anomalies reveals a close relation of ENSO warm events and periods of reduced vegetation greenness, with a temporal lag of 12 months. The spatial patterns of this relation vary in space and time. Thus, not every ENSO warm event is reflected in negative NDVI anomalies. Xeric shrublands (Caatinga) are more sensitive to ENSO teleconnections than other biomes in the study area.
    Description: Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2014
    Keywords: NDVI3g; GIMMS; AVHRR; El Nino; inter-annual trends; teleconnections ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 18
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