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  • Other Sources  (27,246)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (14,409)
  • SPACE SCIENCES  (12,837)
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The photochemistry of diacetylene (C4H2), the largest hydrocarbon to be unambiguously identified in planetary atmospheres, is of considerable importance to understanding the mechanisms by which complex molecules are formed in the solar system. In this work, the primary products of C4H2's ultraviolet photochemistry were determined in a two-laser pump-probe scheme in which the products of C4H2 photoexcitation are detected by vacuum ultraviolet photoionization in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Three larger hydrocarbon primary products were observed with good yield in the C4H2 + C4H2 reaction: C6H2, C8H2, and C8H3. Neither C6H2 or C8H3 is anticipated by current photochemical models of the atmospheres of Titan, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, and Triton. The free hydrogen atoms that are released during the formation of the C8H3 and C8H2 products also may partially offset the role of C4H2 in catalyzing the recombination of free hydrogen atoms in the planetary atmospheres.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 258; 5088; p. 1630-1633.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: IR emission measurement of lunar-like materials during simulated eclipse, noting dependence on time
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: AIAA PAPER 67-290 , ; - QUANTUM ELECTRONIC|THERMOPHYSICS SPECIALIST CONFERENCE; Apr 17, 1967 - Apr 20, 1967; NEW ORLEANS, LA
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Solar-wind plasma data from the ISEE-3 and Helios 2 spacecraft were examined in order to explain a uniquely rapid 10 deg turning of the plasma tail of comet Bradfield 1979l on 1980 February 6. An earlier study conducted before the availability of in situ solar-wind data (Brandt et al., 1980) suggested that the tail position angle change occurred in response to a solar-wind velocity shear across the polar component changed by approximately 50 km/s. The present contribution confirms this result and further suggests that the comet-tail activity was caused by non-corotating, disturbed plasma flows probably associated with an Importance 1B solar flare.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-TM-85617 , NAS 1.15:85617 , DE83-011332 , LA-UR-83-1023 , CONF-821159-6 , Solar Wind 5 proceedings
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Burst-like and long-lived ion fluxes (E greater than 30 keV) of Jovian origin have been observed in interplanetary space by the LECP instrument on the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft. Burst (few minute duration) events are observed at distances greater than 0.6 AU from Jupiter. These events are highly anisotropic and possess steep energy spectra, while long-lived (greater than 8 hour duration) events have relatively steady fluxes at low energies, strong anisotropies that decay with time, and a variable high energy component. Both types of events usually display simultaneous onsets and sharp cutoffs for all energies, an excess of atomic number Z not less than 6 particles compared to solar and interplanetary events, and particle flow directions pointed away from Jupiter along the local interplanetary magnetic field. The origin for the long-lived events appears to be inside the bow shock of the planet.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 7; June 198
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: In an analysis of the Jovian ion events, Baker et al. (1984) have found that there appears to be a spectral hardening as the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) changed orientation from the postnoon to a prenoon connection point. It was also observed that ion events were accompanied by long-period (approximately 10 min) waves whose presence was weakly related to a decrease in the ion anisotropy. The present investigation examines in substantial detail the development of the ion energy spectrum over the full range (approximately 30 keV to approximately 4 MeV). The results of the investigation show that the energy spectra are dominated by heavy ions (presumed to be oxygen and sulfur) at higher (approximately equal to or greater than 300 keV) energies.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 3947-396
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Rare earth and trace element abundances for Apollo 11 lunar samples by neutron activation, comparing with Bruderheim chondrite and submarine basalts
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: APOLLO 11 LUNAR SCIENCE CONFERENCE; Jan 05, 1970 - Jan 08, 1970; HOUSTON, TX
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  • 7
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A number of mechanisms for exciting higher-J states in the ground vibrational level are considered. Attention is given to collisions with H atoms and electrons. Other mechanisms involve a cascading down from upper vibrational levels, following absorption and reemission of photons in the Lyman and Werner bands, or a cascading down from upper vibrational levels, following formation of hydrogen molecules in excited vibrational and rotational levels. Theoretical population densities of rotational levels are shown in a graph.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 191; Aug. 1
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The study reviews the historical perspective of the Martian climate, beginning with the early view of inexorable climate change on an older, but otherwise very earthlike, planet and continuing through the period when earth-based spectroscopy and the Mariner 4, 6, and 7 flyby missions portrayed a moonlike body, heavily cratered and almost airless by comparison with earth. The most general features of the earth and Mars are discussed and compared, with consideration given to the standard atmospheres, atmospheric circulation, seasonal cycles of carbon dioxide, water, and dust, and coupling between cycles.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: In: Mars (A93-27852 09-91); p. 799-817.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The paper presents a steady state, zonally symmetric response of an atmospheric circulation to the combined effects of the very large zonal-mean diabatic heating and thermotidal forcing thought to exist in the dusty Martian atmosphere during one of its episodic global dust storms. The zonal-mean components of the tidal flux-convergences of momentum and heat are computed using an existing classical atmospheric tidal model constrained by the surface pressure observations at the two Viking Lander sites on Mars. A nearly inviscid two-dimensional model is used to compute the zonally symmetric response to the computed tidal flux-convergences and to the zonal-mean heating of the airborne dust. The results are compared with data from the Viking missions.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 45; 2469-248
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  • 10
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Computations are conducted for the periods of free modes in the Martian atmosphere with a view to the short atmospheric radiative damping time and the seasonal and interannual variation of globally representative temperatures, both of which differ from their terrestrial counterparts by an order of magnitude. Attention is given to the possibility of atmospheric resonance and the efficient excitation (or even the resonant amplification) of forced modes. A thermally-forced diurnal Kelvin wave is recommended as the most reasonable of several alternative explanations of the short-period transient mode that occurs just before, or during, Mars' great episodic dust storms.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 9452-946
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