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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of estrone-3-glucuronide and pregnanediol-3α-glucuronide in early morning urine samples to monitor ovarian function (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 567-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Estrone-3-glucuronide ; pregnanediol-3α-glucuronide ; chemiluminescent immunoassay ; ovarian function ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The determination of the concentration of estrone-3-glucuronide and pregnanediol-3α-glucuronide has been performed by a chemiluminescent immunoassay in early morning urine samples of 14 normal menstruating women and 11 women affected by luteal phase defect. The early morning urine samples were daily collected for an entire menstrual cycle. We have employed a timed and measured volume collection procedure as correction factor. The integrated values of the hormonal data in definite time intervals were used to create a nomogram. By means of this method, it was possible to completely separate normal from luteal insufficiency subjects and to distinguish two different types of luteal phase defects. Moreover, the same approach was applied to the study of the role and the frequency of luteal phase defect in 15 patients affected by habitual abortion and in 17 premenopausal women who had undergone quadrantectomy for T1a No Mo breast cancer. A luteal phase defect was detected in nine of the aborting patients (60%) and in eight women affected by breast cancer (47%). Finally estrone-3-glucuronide was measured in early morning urine samples of 96 prepubertal and pubertal girls in different pubertal stages and in one patient affected by precocious puberty, before and during an agonist GnRH treatment. The urinary test of ovarian function seems to be suitable for diagnostic purposes and for clinical studies.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170040174
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A chemiluminescent method for the measurement of pregnanetriol-3α-glucuronide in human diluted urine (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 580-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Pregnanetriol-3α-glucuronide ; immunoassay ; chemiluminescence ; ACTH test ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pregnanetriol-3α-glucuronide (PTG) is the majority urinary metabolite of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) and it typically increases in the commonest form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency.We developed a simple chemiluminescent immunoassay for the direct measurement of PTG in diluted urine in order to avoid the preliminary hydrolysis and extraction steps that are usually employed in gas-liquid chromatographic methods. The immunogenic complex PTG-bovine-serum-albumin was used to induce the formation of specific antibodies in New Zealand rabbits. In addition, PTG was conjugated to aminoethylethylisoluminol and the resulting tracer was characterized by mass spectrometry and used to monitor the immunological reaction. The characteristics of the antibody were determined with regard to specificity and sensitivity. The precision of the assay method was also established.PTG excretion was studied before and after the ACTH stimulation test (1 mg synthetic ACTH i.m.) in 11 normal women and in one subject affected by CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. PTG levels well correlated with 17OHP plasma concentrations both under basal and stimulated conditions, in normal women as well as in the patient affected by CAH.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170040176
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of granulocyte luminescence by murine macrophage secretory products: Suggestive evidence for the release of a new activator (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 5 (1990), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Macrophages ; granulocytes ; chemiluminescence ; lipopolysaccharide ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The incubation of macropages (MΦ) in the presence of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) usually results in the release of a variety of immunoregulatory cytokines such as interleukins (IL), tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and colony stimulating factors (CSF). We recently observed that conditioned media (CM) from LPS-treated murine MΦ lines probably contain another protein endowed with granulocyte stimulatory activity. This cytokine, which has an apparent MW of about 55 kDa enhances the PMA-induced luminescence of granulocytes and also stimulates their degranulation as measured by lactoferrin release. In contrast to IL1 and IL6 this factor is destroyed by brief treatment at pH 2, but is stable for 60 minutes at 65°C. Unlike CSF, its activity is unchanged by reducing agents such as beta-mercaptoethanol. Furthermore, pretreatment of the MΦ with dexamethasone, in order to reduce the release of IL1 and TNF, hardly reduces the effect on granulocyte activation. Finally, treatment with a neutralizing polyclonal anti-murine TNF antiserum only partly abolishes its activity.These results show that, in addition to the already well-described cytokines, LPS-treated murine MΦ lines most probably secrete another granulocyte activator.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170050109
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced chemiluminescent immunoassay for aldosterone (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 5 (1990), S. 49-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Aldosterone ; enhanced chemiluminescence ; immunoassay ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A solid phase immunoassay for aldosterone using enhanced chemiluminescent detection has been developed. Monoclonal antibodies against aldosterone were used for the immune reaction and compared with polyclonal antibodies. Uniform Protein A coated polystyrene tubes were used as solid phase for the monoclonal antibody and second (anti-rabbit) antibody coated tubes for the polyclonal antibody. Horseradish peroxidase was covalently linked to aldosterone as enzyme label. Optimum conditions were established for the generation and measurement of the luminescent reactions using luminol, p-iodophenol as enhancer and hydrogen peroxide.The advantages of this assay are the high sensitivity with a detection limit of 100fg/tube, the prolonged luminescence signal with a simplification of the measurement (simpler detectors, external start pipetting) and the short measure time with the possibility of repeated measurement. The coefficients of variation were 4.2%-7.3% in the concentration range 140-1180 pmol/l. The assay showed a significant correlation (r = 0.91) with the ELISA.The aldosterone concentrations in plasma and saliva of patients with Conn's syndrome were significantly increased, and in patients with Addison's disease were found near the detection limit.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170050110
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 5 (1990) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170050201
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The luminescent bacteria toxicity test: Its potential as an in vitro alternative (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 5 (1990), S. 71-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Toxicity tests ; bioluminescence ; Microtox ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: During the past several years, the use of animals for toxicity testing has come under critical surveillance. For ethical and economic reasons, various techniques have been developed and proposed as potential alternatives for some of the whole animal toxicity assays. One assay proposed as an alternative to animal testing is the luminescent bacteria toxicity test (LBT), provided under the trade name of Microtox®. The sensitivity and specificity of the LBT was compared with two commonly used toxicity tests--the L-929 Minimal Eùgle's Medium (MEM) elution cytotoxicity test and the Draize test. Cytotoxicity and LBT test data from 709 medical device and biomaterial extracts were compared using a positive/negative ranking system which provided a measurement of false positive and false negative results. These data were compiled from nine separate laboratories producing or using a wide variety of biomaterials and medical device products. The LBT was more sensitive than the tissue culture assay and displayed few false negatives. LBT EC50 values were compared with eye irritancy categories for a group of 34 chemicals and 27 personal care products. As with tissue culture, the LBT was more sensitive and produced minimal false negatives. The data from this study indicate the LBT has potential as a rapid, simple method to screen biomaterials and personal care products for toxicity and irritancy.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170050202
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel monomeric luciferase enzymes as tools to study plant gene regulation in vivo (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 5 (1990), S. 79-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Luciferase reporter genes ; monomeric luciferase enzymes ; bioluminescent plant issue ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Taking advantage of a specially constructed vector, luciferase LuxA and LuxB subunits were connected in frame to different amino acid linkers to reproduce a series of monomeric luciferase enzymes. A comparison of their activities in E. coli cells demonstrated that the length of the linkers positively affected activity. One luciferase fusion gene was expressed in plant cells, and we showed that this gene activity could be monitored directly without destructive sampling.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170050203
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence Literature-lux, luc and phot genes (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 5 (1990), S. 141-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This is the first of a series of special compilations of references devoted to a particular topic in luminescence. References are numbered sequentially, except when a reference has appeared in a previous Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence Literature section in which case it retains the original number.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170050210
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcement (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 5 (1990), S. 153-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170050211
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of gluten-derived fractions on chemiluminescence production by human neutrophils (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 5 (1990), S. 161-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Gliadin ; glyc-gli ; gluten ; chemiluminescence ; IgA nephropathy ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of gliadin and glyc-gli on leukocyte chemiluminescence response were assessed in vitro. A dose-dependent increase in chemiluminescence response of neutrophils stimulated by zymosan was observed by using gliadin at concentrations ranging between 1 and 20 μg. By increasing glyc-gli concentration, a bimodal response was observed with an enhancement up to 50 μg/ml, followed by suppressive effects, which were again dose-dependent. The possible implications of these findings in human pathology are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170050303
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced chemiluminescence ELISA for Listeria specific antigen in cerebrospinal fluid using an FITC-anti-FITC system (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 5 (1990), S. 179-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: ELISA ; FITC ; Listeria ; monoclonal antibodies ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is described for the detection of a soluble Listeria monocytogenes serogroup 4 antigen in cerebrospinal fluid samples (CSFs). In the ELISA an anti-Listeria monoclonal antibody, immobilized onto assay wells, was used to capture antigen from CSFs. the captured antigen was then reacted with a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugate of the same anti-Listeria antibody, which was detected with a horseradish peroxidase conjugate of a monoclonal antibody to FITC. The presence of antigen was detected by an enhanced chemiluminescence assay using a camera luminometer.Antigen was detected in the CSFs taken from five out of seven patients with culture proven L. monocytogenes serogroup 4 central nervous system infections, and in none of the CSFs taken from 25 other patients.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170050306
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence in bovine eosinophils and neutrophils: Differential increase of intracellular and extracellular chemiluminescence induced by soluble stimulants (1991)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 6 (1991), S. 115-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Platelet-activating factor ; respiratory burst ; chemiluminescence ; luminol ; eosinophils ; neutrophils ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Luminol chemiluminescence was used to detect activation of the respiratory burst oxidase in bovine eosinophils and neutrophils. Extracellular and intracellular chemiluminescence were measured by supplementing the medium with horseradish peroxidase and catalase, respectively. Pure bovine eosinophils (〉 90%), maximally stimulated with 1 nmol/l phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) showed ten times more extracellular luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) than maximally stimulated pure bovine neutrophils (〉 96%). Extracellular CL from eosinophils was preferably induced over intracellular CL by both PMA (27-fold difference) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) at 2 μmol/l (9-fold difference), but not by calcium ionophore A23187 (15 μmol/l).Time course information was used in the following experiments to distinguish between the mode of action of various stimulants. A progressively longer lag period was observed in eosinophil suspensions treated with decreasing doses of PMA, whereas platelet-activating factor induced a dose-dependent increase in the maximum response with no change in time to peak CL. The time course of extracellular CL was almost identical to intracellular CL for all stimulants tested, providing no evidence to suggest that extracellular CL stems from a different enzyme system than intracellular CL.Eosinophils generated most extracellular CL when stimulated with PMA, whereas neutrophils were most efficiently stimulated with A23187, which induced intracellular CL in eosinophils as well as in neutrophils. This accords with the greater tendency of neutrophils to ingest and kill microorganisms, whereas eosinophils are armed to destroy large extracellular targets.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170060209
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1991)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 6 (1991) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170060301
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An indirect bioluminescence method for the quantitative measurement of polymorphonuclear cell chemotaxis (1991)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 6 (1991), S. 159-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Polymorphonuclear cells ; chemotaxis ; chemoattractants ; ATP ; bioluminescence ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is presented which allows the quantification of the effects of chemotactic factors on polymorphonuclear leukocytes on the basis of a sensitive ATP measurement using bioluminescence. The assay measures those cells which have migrated through a commercial 3 μm filter system (Transwell™). The assay was tested under standardized conditions with different chemotactic agents (leukotriene B4 [LTB4], N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine [FMLP], N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-methyl ester [M-FMLP]). Under appropriate conditions the migration of PMN-cells is time-dependent and linear for 60 minutes. Spontaneous migration of PMN cells is simultaneously quantified in a simple way, and the value obtained allows a determination of the actual chemotactic stiuation of the PMN cells. In healthy humans the spontaneous migration varied between 4.2% and 14.4% of the total number of PMN cells. An optimal chemotactic activity was detected at 10-8/mol/I for FMLP and 10-7 mol/l for M-FMLP in PMN leukocytes, which correlates with literature values. It was also found that in contrast to EDTA blood, heparinized blood lowers the ATP level of PMN cells (by about 50%) and therefore heparinized blood is not recommended for chemotactic experiments. This assay is a simple tool for quantification of the spontaneous migration, and the chemotactic response to specific factors and their inhibitors in particular for pharmacological experiments. In contrast to the ‘classical’ chemotactic assays this method also permits the simultaneous testing of the influence of chemotactic substances on cellular ATP levels.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170060305
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1991)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 6 (1991) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170060401
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of two bisphosphonates on human neutrophil chemiluminescence and myeloperoxidase activity (1991)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 6 (1991), S. 223-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Neutrophils ; chemiluminescence ; myeloperoxidase ; bisphosphonates ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to assess the importance of chlorine in a drug molecule as an influence on myeloperoxidase-mediated inflammatory cell functions, the effect of the chlorinated bisphosphonate, clodronate, on human neutrophil chemiluminescence and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was compared to the non-chlorinated structural analogue, etidronate. The results suggested that the presence of chlorine may be important to the enhancement of MPO activity. In addition both drugs manifested low toxicity and both of these observations may have relevance to host defence.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170060402
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemiluminescent assay of enzymes using proenhancers and pro-anti-enhancers (1991)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 6 (1991), S. 231-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Proenhancer ; pro-anti enhancer ; hydrolases ; AFP ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Enhanced chemiluminescent assays for hydrolase enzymes have been developed using proehancer and pro-anti-enhancer substrates. Alkaline phosphatase is measured using disodium para-iodophenyl phosphate (proenhancer) which is converted to para-iodophenol and this in turn enhances the light emission from the horseradish peroxidase catalysed chemiluminescent oxidation of luminol by peroxide. An alternative strategy uses para-nitrophenyl phosphate which is converted by alkaline phosphatase to para-nitrophenol which inhibits the enhanced chemiluminescent reaction. The detection limit for the enzyme using the proenhancer and pro-anti-enhancer assays was 100 attomoles and 1 picornole, respectively. The proenhancer strategy was effective in assays for beta-D-galactosidase, beta-D-glucosidase and aryl sulfatase. A limited comparison of the proenhancer and a conventional colorimetric assay for an alkaline phosphatase label in an enzyme immunoassay for alpha-fetoprotein showed good agreement.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170060404
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Total bile acids in hyperlipidaemic serum determined by bioluminescent and spectrophotometric methods (1991)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 6 (1991), S. 259-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Hyperlipidaemia ; bioluminescence ; serum bile acids ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple, rapid and sensitive bioluminescent method has been used to measure total bile acids in hyperlipidaemic serum. We found that the levels of total bile acids in hypertriglyceridaemic and hypercholesterolemic sera determined by a spectrophotometric method were four-fold higher than those measured by the bioluminescent method (6.73 ± 4.07 μmol/l (mean ± SD) by bioluminescent and 26.10 ± 13.42 μmol/l by the spectrophotometric method). There was no difference in total bile acid levels between these two methods for normal serum (4.72 ± 3.38 μmol/l by bioluminescence and 4.49 ± 3.27 μmol/l by the spectrophotometric method).
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170060408
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IVth International Symposium on Quantitative Luminescence Spectrometry in Biomedical Sciences (1991)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 6 (1991), S. 263-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This meeting (Chairman, W. R. G. Baeyens) was held on 27 - 31 May 1991 at the State University of Ghent, Belgium. Abstracts of papers and posters from this meeting on the topics of bioluminescence and chemiluminescence are reproduced in the following sections. The abstracts have been classified under the main topic headings used in the ‘Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence Literature’ section of this journal, and are listed alphabetically by first author.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170060409
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  • 20
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    Electronic Resource
    Advances in multidimensional luminescence, Vol. 1 I. M. Warner and L. B. McGown (eds) JAI Press, London (1990)(£54.0) (1991)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 6 (1991), S. 297-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170060411
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weak chemiluminescence of bilirubin and its stimulation by aldehydes (1992)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 7 (1992), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Bilirubin ; biliverdin ; chemiluminescence ; emission spectrum ; aldehyde ; Ehrlich reaction ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bilirubin in an alkaline solution exhibits a weak chemiluminescence (CL) under aerobic conditions. This spontaneous CL was markedly enhanced by the addition of various aldehydes. The fluorescent emission spectrum of bilirubin, excited by weak intensity light at 350 nm, coincided with its CL emission spectrum (peak at 670 nm). CL emission from bilirubin was not quenched by active oxygen scavengers. This suggests that triplet oxygen reacts with bilirubin, and forms an oxygenated intermediate (hydroperoxide) as a primary emitter (oxidative scission of tetrapyrrole bonds in bilirubin is not involved in this CL). The Ehrlich reaction (test for monopyrroles) and hydrolsulphite reaction (test for dipyroles) on the CL reaction mixture and unreacted bilirubin showed no differences. When the CL was initiated by singlet oxygen, rather than superoxide anion, monopyrrole, was detected in the reaction products by gel chromatography. The inhibitory effect of a scavenger of singlet oxygen on CL was eliminated in the presence of formaldehyde. Therefore, triplet carbonyl, formed by singlet oxygen through the dioxetane structure in bilirubin, is not an emitter. The reaction mechanism of bilirubin CL and the formation of a hydroperoxide intermediate is discussed in relation to the chemical structure of luciferin molecules from bioluminescent organisms.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170070102
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of N-ethylmaleimide on extracellularly and intracellularly generated chemiluminescence in neutrophils indicate that the rate of deactivation of NADPH-oxidase is higher when the oxidase system is localized on the plasma membrane than when it is localized on the phagosomal membrane (1991)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 6 (1991), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemiluminescence ; leukocytes ; N-ethylmaleimide ; NADPH-oxidase inactivation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sustained generation of reactive oxygen metabolites following respiratory burst activation in neutrophils is a result of continued replenishment of a pool of active NADPH-oxidase. The sulphydryl-modifying reagent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) has been shown to be without effect on the turnover of activated NADPH-oxidase but to inhibit the replenishment of active oxidase molecules (Akard et al., 1988). NEM was thus used to determine the rate of deactivation of extracellularly and intracellularly generated chemiluminescence in human neutrophils. We have shown that deactivation is more rapid when activation leads to a release of oxygen metabolites (extracellular chemiluminescence) than when the metabolites are generated intracellularly. The results indicate that the rate of deactivation of NADPH-oxidase is higher when the oxidase system is localized on the plasma membrane than when it is localized on the phagosomal membrane.
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    A luminometric method for the determination of ATP and phosphocreatine in single human skeletal muscle fibres (1991)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 6 (1991), S. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: ATP ; luminescence ; phosphocreatine ; single fibres ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A sensitive method for the analysis of ATP and phosphocreatine (PCr) in single human skeletal muscle fibres is described. Muscle tissue was freeze-dried and single fibres were dissected free with the aid of low-power microscopy. The fibres were then extracted in trichloroacetic acid and neutralized with KHCO3. The assay is based on the continuous monitoring of light produced as a result of ATP degradation in the firefly luciferase reaction. PCr is measured as the amount of ATP formed in the creatine kinase reaction. The coefficient of variation was less than 4% for both ATP and PCr determination. The amount of tissue required for the assay is approximately 0.5 μg (dry weight). The assay showed good agreement with spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) measurements made upon extracts of whole muscle tissue.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170060210
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    Effect of surfactants on the intensity of chemiluminescence emission from acridinium ester labelled proteins (1988)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 2 (1988), S. 121-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemiluminescence ; acridinium ester ; surfactants ; proteins ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to establish optimum conditions for the chemiluminescent (CL) reaction of two acridinium ester labelled proteins (human albumin and rabbit anti-human albumin IgG), we investigated the effects of the following factors known to influence the CL emission: pH, presence of proteins, relative concentrations of components of CL reaction and presence of surfactants. Under optimal conditions of pH and hydrogen peroxide concentration, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) increased the intensity of the CL reaction of the acridinium ester labelled albumin by 42-fold. Triton X-100, Tween-20, 23 lauryl ether (Brij 35) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) exerted a much smaller effect. In the case of the acridinium ester labelled antibody, the greatest increase was obtained with Triton X-100 (15-fold) followed by CTAC, Brij 35 and Tween 20 (SDS decreased the emission intensity).
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    Current awareness - recent symposia and seminars (1992)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 7 (1992), S. 215-222 
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    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170070308
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    Mechanism for iron control of the Vibrio fischeri luminescence system: Involvement of cyclic AMP and cyclic AMP receptor protein and modulation of DNA level (1992)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 7 (1992), S. 203-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Vibrio fischeri ; bioluminescence ; iron ; cyclic AMP ; lux ; DNA ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Iron controls luminescence in Vibrio fischeri by an indirect but undefined mechanism. To gain insight into that mechanism, the involvement of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cAMP receptor protein (CRP) and of modulation of DNA levels in iron control of luminescence were examined in V. fischeri and in Escherichia coli containing the cloned V. fischeri lux genes on plasmids. For V. fischeri and E. coli adenylate cyclase (cya) and CRP (crp) mutants containing intact lux genes (luxR luxlCDABEG), presence of the iron chelator ethylenediamine-di (o-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid) (EDDHA) increased expression of the luminescence system like in the parent strains only in the cya mutants in the presence of added cAMP. In the E. coli strains containing a plasmid with a Mu dl(lacZ) fusion in luxR, levels of β-galactosidase activity (expression from the luxR promoter) and luciferase activity (expression from the lux operon promoter) were both 2-3-fold higher in the presence of EDDHA in the parent strain, and for the mutants this response to EDDHA was observed only in the cya mutant in the presence of added cAMP. Therefore, cAMP and CRP are required for the iron restriction effect on luminescence, and their involvement in iron control apparently is distinct from the known differential control of transcription from the luxR and luxlCDABEG promoters by cAMP-CRP. Furthermore, plasmid and chromosomal DNA levels were higher in E. coli and V. fischeri in the presence of EDDHA. The higher DNA levels correlated with an increase in expression of chromosomally encoded β-galactosidase in E. coli and with a higher level of autoinducer in cultures of V. fischeri. These results implicate cAMPCRP and modulation of DNA levels in the mechanism of iron control of the V. fischeri luminescence system.
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    Bioluminescent flow sensors: L-lactate dehydrogenase activity determination in serum (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 3 (1989), S. 41-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Bacterial bioluminescence ; LDH ; flow-analysis ; nylon ; immobilized enzymes ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The catalytic activity of serum L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), was determined by monitoring the NADH produced by LDH with bacterial bioluminescent enzymes immobilized on a nylon coil.The LDH reaction of L-lactate with NAD took place in a flow-through mixing coil that preceded the bioluminescent detector coil. The response was linear from 1 to 5000 U/l at 37°C and from 3 to 2000 U/l at 25°C. The intra- and inter-assay reproducibility (CV%) were less than 10% and recovery range was 92% to 110%. The results agreed well with those obtained with a spectrophotometric method.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170030202
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    The effect of quenchers on the chemiluminescence of luminol and lucigenin (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 3 (1989), S. 59-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Luminescence quenching ; luminol ; lucigenin ; oxygen ; active species ; scavengers ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chemiluminescence of luminol and lucigenin is often used to detect the production of reactive oxygen derivatives by phagocytic cells. Also, several quenchers and enzyme inhibitors are used to determine which oxygen derivatives are responsible for the observed effects. In the present work we have assessed the reliability of dimethylthiourea and cysteamine (OH. quenchers), desferrioxamine (iron chelator) and diethyldithiocarbamate (superoxide dismutase inhibitor). They all react with CIO- and are also strong inhibitors of the luminescence of luminol catalysed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP); cysteamine and diethyldithiocarbamate also react with H2O2. NaN3 is an inhibitor of myeloperoxidase and a quencher of singlet O2, but we found that under certain conditions it can amplify the the luminescence of luminol triggered by CIO- or Fenton's reagent. A complex of copper and penicillamine that had been proposed as an \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm O}_{\rm 2} ^{\bar .} $\end{document} quencher, quenches all luminescent reactions studied. On the other hand, we were able to confirm the relative specificity of other quenchers: taurine for CIO-, benzoate for OH. and mannitol for both OH. and ‘crypto-OH.’.
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    Use of a microtitre plate chemiluminescence reader to study surface phagocytosis by human monocytes (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 3 (1989), S. 71-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Monocyte ; activation ; chemiluminescence ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Human mononuclear cells were separated from freshly obtained peripheral venous blood by density centrifugation and the number of monocytes present estimated by volume spectroscopy. The mononuclear cells were then placed directly into the wells of a microtitre plate and incubated for one hour at 37°C to promote adherence of the monocytes to the plastic wells. Non-adherent cells were then removed by washing, thus avoiding the need to treat the monocytes with EDTA or other reagents during cell preparation. The time course and dynamics of the chemiluminescence response of adherent monocytes towards opsonized zymosan was similar to those seen using non-adherent cells.The ability of adherent monocyte preparations to produce chemiluminescence following incubation for varying periods with T-lymphocyte conditioned medium was investigated. The use of a microtitre plate chemiluminescence reader allows several plates to be assayed over the 24-hour period and since small numbers of cells are required, many cultures can be analysed in one experiment. This technique (Patent applied for) promises to be a powerful tool for dissecting the cellular events which occur during macrophage activation and examining the effect of various lymphokines on the ability of monocytes to produce a chemiluminescence response.
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    Properties and cellular localization of a luciferin binding protein in the bioluminescence reaction of Gonyaulax polyedra (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 3 (1989), S. 79-83 
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    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Bioluminescence ; circadian rhythm ; luciferin binding protein ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A luciferin binding protein LBP involved in the bioluminescence reaction of Gonyaulax polyedra was purified and used for antibody production. Luciferin bound to LBP is fluorescent and can be used as a marker in living cells, allowing the localization of LBP in cortical organelles to be visualized. In cell sections, the same peripheral localization was observed using anti-LBP and immunofluorescence microscopy. The amount of LBP is ten-fold greater from cells from in night phase compared to those from in day phase, as determined both by immunoblots of cell extracts, and in vivo fluorescence. These changes correlate with the circadian changes in bioluminescence of living cells.
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    Leukocytes as immunosensors: An immunoassay without labelled reagents (1992)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 7 (1992), S. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Nonlabel immunoassay ; phagocytes ; complement ; chemiluminescence ; immune complexes ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel quantitative nonlabel immunoassay is described. It is based on the recognition of antigen-antibody complexes by the Fc-receptors of phagocytic leukocytes and the subsequent activation of these cells. Activation which is proportional to the amount of immune complexes present can be detected by measuring the intensity of chemiluminescence emitted by the activated cells. In addition to determinations of an antigen and an antibody, the binding capacity of complement to antigen-antibody complexes can be estimated.
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    Stable luciferase transfected cells for studying steroid receptor biological activity (1994)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 9 (1994), S. 201-209 
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    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Stable transfection ; firefly luciferase ; nuclear receptors ; membrane-bound receptors ; MCF-7 cells ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the course of steroid hormone research, firefly luciferase was used as a reporter gene to construct chimeric cellular models in which the firefly luciferase expression mimics natural hormonal response. Cells containing the endogenous receptor of interest were stably transfected with a reporter gene whose expression is controlled by this endogenous receptor. Based on the detection of luciferase activity in Intact cells using a photon-counting camera, various stable transfected cell lines were established. We present potential experimental uses of these cellular models such as for screening new (anti)hormonal molecules. We also show that the hormonal responses can be modulated at any step, suggesting that these stable cell lines may be helpful in studying hormonal interactions. For example, we have detected the antiestrogen activity of molecules able to mediate their effect via a pathway other than the estrogen receptor. Lastly, we show that the detection of luciferase activity in intact living cells is particularly helpful in investigating the variation of the hormonal responses with time.Since chimeric response faithfully reflects hormone (or effector) actions in the cell, we conclude that stable transfected cells can be used in both pharmacological and fundamental studies to investigate different aspects of the endocrine research.
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    Masthead (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170040101
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    Development and evaluation of luminescence-based sandwich assay for plasma lactoferrin as a marker for sepsis and bacterial infections in paediatric medicine (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 3 (1989), S. 221-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Lactoferrin ; elastase ; infection ; immunoluminometric ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An immunoluminometric assay for plasma lactoferrin has been developed and used to study the levels in children and neonates with viral and bacterial infections. The reference range for plasma lactoferrin was 50-250 μg/l. Lactoferrin levels were significantly higher in patients with bacterial versus viral infections.
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    Preface (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 1-2 
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    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Masthead (1994)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 9 (1994) 
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    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170090501
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    1994 Literature: Part 1 (1994)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 9 (1994), S. 379-388 
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    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170090605
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    Enhanced chemiluminescence of lucigenin with epinephrine in cationic surfactant micelles containing periodate (1995)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 10 (1995), S. 55-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: chemiluminescence ; lucigenin ; epinephrine ; surfactant micelle ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Epinephrine (EP) species involved in the lucigenin chemiluminescence (CL) were identified in alkaline solution by comparing the time course of the CL response and the formation of EP oxidation products. EP quinone and adrenolutine (AL) were found to be responsible for the lucigenin-CL reaction. The mechanism of the lucigenin-CL enhancement was investigated using cationic micellar hexadecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (CTAOH), periodate, and a mixture of micellar CTAOH and periodate. The CL enhancement in the presence of micellar CTAOH and periodate could be explained in terms of increases in the oxidation rate of EP to EP quinone and the intramolecular oxidation rate of adrenochrome to AL.
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    Bioluminescent assay of D-3-hydroxybutyrate in serum (1986)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 1 (1986), S. 11-14 
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    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Bioluminescent assay ; D-3-hydroxybutyrate ; bacterial luciferase ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An enzymatic assay of D-3-hydroxybutyrate in which the hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase reaction is coupled to the bacterial oxidoreductase - uciferase system is described. The bioluminescent assay is based on either, end-point, or on initial velocity measurements. This simple and rapid assay requires a single serum sample of 10 μl. Its linear range covers two orders of magnitude from 10-6 mol/I upwards. This assay is suitable for the routine determination of D-3-hydroxybutyrate in human blood with good accuracy.
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    In Memoriam Michael Harber (1986)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 1 (1986), S. 45-45 
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    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170010108
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    Announcement (1986)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 1 (1986), S. 46-46 
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    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Comparison of the performance of the borax buffer-based HRP-enhanced reagent and the ‘Lumi-Phos 530’ chemiluminescence systems in the detection of biotinylated DNA (1995)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 10 (1995), S. 147-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: HRP-enhanced chemiluminescence ; Lumi-Phos 530 chemiluminescence ; biotinylated DNA ; detection sensitivity ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A comparison of two chemiluminescence methods, the borax buffer-based HRP-enhanced reagent and Lumi-Phos 530, applied to the detection of a biotinylated 30-mer DNA slot blotted onto a nylon membrane, is presented. A streptavidin-HRP and streptavidin-ALP mediated detection system was used. The HRP-enhanced system is up to 15-fold greater with respect to the signal/background ratios than the Lumi-Phos 530 system at 0.5 μg biotinylated DNA with at least a two-fold improvement in detection sensitivity for 0.5 ng biotinylated DNA.
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    Enhancement and inhibition of luminol chemiluminescence by phenolic acids (1995)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 10 (1995), S. 175-184 
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    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Luminol ; enhanced chemiluminescence ; phenolic acid ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We explored the behaviour of a series of phenolic acids used as enhancers or inhibitors of luminol chemiluminescence by three different methods to determine if behaviour was associated with phenolic acid structure and redox character. All the phenolic acids inhibited chemiluminescence when hexacyanoferrate(III) was reacted with the phenolic acids before adding luminol. The redox character of these compounds was clearly related to structure. When hexacyanoferrate(III)-luminol-O2 chemiluminescence was initiated by phenolic acid-luminol mixtures some phenolic acids behaved as enhancers of chemiluminescence, and others as inhibitors. We propose a mechanism to explain these findings. We found direct relationships between the redox character of the phenolic acids and the enhancement or inhibition of the chemiluminescence of the luminol-H2O2-peroxidase system and we propose mechanism to explain these phenomena.
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    Chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) for the detection of brucellosis and tularaemia antigens (1995)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 10 (1995), S. 199-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemiluminescence ; ELISA ; antigen ; antibodies ; brucellosis ; tularaemia ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The detection of brucellosis and tularaemia infection agents is of particular interest for medical practice. The possibility of using enhanced chemiluminescence reactions for the determination of these agents is studied in this work.Light intensity depends on both the conjugate concentration used and the conditions at which the adsorption was performed. Optimal conditions for these test-systems were: ∼ 20 μg/mL of Ig and 200 μg/mL (titre 1:20) of conjugate. As is seen from the chemiluminescent and spectrophotometric results the lowest determined concentrations are 10 and 30 ng/mL (for brucellosis) and 1 and 5 ng/mL (for tularaemia), respectively. Calibration curves in the antigen concentrations ranging from 10 to 2500 ng/mL (for brucellosis) and from 1 to 500 ng/mL (for tularaemia) are observed. Optical density depends linearly on the logarithm of the antigen concentration from 30 to 5000 ng/mL (for brucellosis) and from 5 to 250 ng/mL (for tularaemia).The results obtained permit the conclusion that the chemiluminescence method can be used in enzyme immunoanalysis for brucellosis and tularaemia antigens.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170100402
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    A portable silicon photodiode luminometer (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 1 (1987), S. 173-179 
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    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Luminometer ; silicon photodiode ; enhanced chemiluminescence ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple, inexpensive, battery-powered, portable luminometer which is based on a silicon photodiode is described. The instrument is intended to measure the light produced by chemiluminescent and bioluminescent reactions. The devic shows a good detection limit and, in a bioluminescent reaction for adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), detected 0.5 pmol in 1ml of aqueous solution. The instrument measures irradiance from 10-13 to 10-11 W cm-2 at the sensor, within the range 300 to 900nm.
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    Lampteromyces bioluminescence - 1. Identification of riboflavin as the light emitter in the mushroom L. japonicus (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 1 (1987), S. 181-188 
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    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Lampteromyces ; bioluminescence ; riboflavin ; light emitter ; mushroom ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The bioluminescence of the luminous mushroom, Lampteromyces japonicus, was studied by using the mushroom gills and also the luminous mycelia, the latter being cultured from the isolated spores and grown in a potato sucrose medium. The luminescence intensity of the mushroom gills and the cultured mycelia was measured in an aqueous suspension under various conditions. The original intensity was enhanced by exposing the luminous cells to oxygen for several hours or to acids or bases for a short period. This enhancement enabled measurement of their bioluminescence spectra which were identical to the fluorescence spectrum of riboflavin, having a maximum at 524 nm. The green fluorescent substance was extracted with cold water from the mushroom and it was identified as riboflavin by spectroscopic and chromatographic analyses. Riboflavin was concluded to be the light emitter of this mushroom.
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    Masthead (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 1 (1987) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170010401
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    1994 Literature: Part 3 (1995)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 10 (1995), S. 301-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170100507
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    Enumeration of phagocytosed Staphylococcus aureus inside cells of the mouse macrophage cell line J774 by bioluminescence, fluorescence and viable counting techniques (1995)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 10 (1995), S. 291-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: ATP ; bioluminescence ; phagocytosis ; Staphylococcus aureus ; J774 macrophages ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to quantify intracellular Staphylococcus aureus within a macrophage-like cell line by a bioluminescence technique, the mouse cell line J774 and opsonized Staphylococcus aureus were incubated together to allow phagocytosis to occur. Experiments using UV microscopy and fluorescent stained S. aureus were performed to determine an estimate of the mean intracellular bacterial numbers. For enumeration of intracellular bacteria by a bioluminescence technique, extracellular bacteria were removed by washing, the macrophages lysed mechanically and osmotically and treated with apyrase to remove somatic ATP. Bacterial cells were washed and the intracellular ATP measured by firefly luciferase bioluminescence in a luminometer. This new method of enumerating intracellular bacteria was compared to the conventional method of viable counts and found to correlate (r = 0.78). The bioluminescence assay developed was found to be a relatively rapid alternative method to the techniques currently used to enumerate intracellular bacteria and could prove advantageous in studies of intracellular killing and effects of antimicrobial agents on intracellular pathogens.
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    In memoriam Yata Haneda (1995)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 10 (1995), S. 323-323 
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    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170100602
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    Chemiluminescence sandwich enzyme immunoassay for determination of human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) (1995)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 10 (1995), S. 345-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: chemiluminescence sandwich enzyme immunoassay ; human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) ; glucose oxidase (GO) ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A chemiluminescence sandwich enzyme immunoassay, using a glucose oxidase (GO) label, was developed for detecting attomole amounts of human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Purified goat F(ab′)2 immobilized on a bead and purified goat Fab′ labelled with GO were selected in combination with a chemiluminescent detection system comprising luminol and ferricyanide. The detection limits for G-CSF were 4amol/assay (1 pg/mL) in buffer solution and 10 amol/assay (2.5 pg/mL) in human serum. Coefficients of variation within assay and between assay ranged from 5.5% to 7.8% and from 3.4% to 16.0%, respectively. The G-CSF content of serum from normal healthy individuals was measurable using this method. G-CSF in 24 normal human sera showed a mean value of 19.3 pg/mL and ranged from 3.6 to 83.0 pg/mL.
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    Detection of substances with alcoholic or phenolic hydroxyl groups by generation of hydrogen peroxide with imidazole and peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (1995)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 10 (1995), S. 339-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: imidazole ; peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence ; sugar ; monophenol ; polyphenol ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On-line detection of substances with an alcoholic or phenolic hydroxyl group using imidazole and peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence was investigated qualitatively using a flow-injection method. The substances tested included six polyphenols, five monophenols and six sugars. After incubation at 80°C with an imidazole buffer (pH 9.5) the substances were detected by peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence. The polyphenols tested (e.g., pyrogallol, purpurogallin, and dopamine) showed the strongest light emission. The sugars with hydroxyl groups (e.g., fructose and lactose) and the monophenols (e.g., phenol, serotonin, and β-estradiol) produced only a weak light emission. Reaction of hydroxyl compounds and imidazole generated hydrogen peroxide. Imidazole served two roles, it catalysed the reaction with the hydroxyl compound and initiated peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence on-line. A novel reactor formed by packing glass beads into a flow cell (Teflon) of a chemiluminometer improved the sensitivity of light detection.
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    Near infrared emission of singlet oxygen generated in the dark (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 200-207 
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    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Singlet oxygen ; peroxidase ; oxygenase ; peroxy radical ; superoxide anion ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Singlet oxygen generation is reported from (1) enzymatic reaction and (2) electron transfer reactions of the superoxide anion measured directly with an ultrasensitive near-IR emission spectrophotometer by monitoring the O2(1Δg) → O2 (3Σg-) transition at 1268 nm. Near-IR emission spectra from the myeloperoxidase and lactoperoxidase enzymatic systems show only emission of singlet oxygen at 1268nm. The lipoxygenase/Na-linoleate enzymatic reaction exhibits two emissions, 1268 nm and 1288 nm. The latter emission is identified as originating from a peroxy radical. Spectral and kinetic data giving evidence of singlet oxygen generation is obtained from the reaction of potassium superoxide solubilized by 18-crown-6-ether in acetonitrile with a series of organometallic coordination compounds.
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    Interaction of trout hemoglobin with H2O2: a chemiluminescence study (1997)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 12 (1997), S. 79-85 
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    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: trout hemoglobin ; H2O2 chemiluminescence ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Erythrocytes from trout Salmo irideus are characterized by four different hemoglobin components (HbI, HbII, HbIII and HbIV), HbI and HbIV being predominant. In this study we describe the interaction between trout hemoglobin (HbI and HbIV) and H2O2 using a chemiluminescence assay. Our data show that the reaction of hemoglobins with H2O2 produces a time-limited and significant increase of chemiluminescence signal. The half-life of the decay of this chemiluminescence signal was characteristic for each type of hemoglobin used. These results indicate the formation of excited molecules related to the interaction between trout hemoglobin and H2O2. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Effects of the composition of bacteriological growth media on a chemiluminometric assay of β-galactosidase in Escherichia coli (1997)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 12 (1997), S. 165-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: chemiluminescence ; β-galactosidase ; luminescent background ; quenching ; bacteriological growth media ; 1,2-dioxetanes ; coliforms ; Escherichia coli ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of the composition of bacteriological growth media on the light output in a chemiluminometric assay of β-galactosidase in Escherichia coli using 1,2-dioxetane substrates has been studied. In this assay a basic conflict exists between conditions that promote optimal bacterial growth and those conducive to maximal chemiluminescence. Common medium ingredients such as yeast or beef extract, protein hydrolysates and lactose suppress light emission and/or lead to high backgrounds. Quenching of light emission is probably partly due to light absorption by medium ingredients such as oxgall, and partly to interference with the reaction triggering the chemiluminescent process. Elevated backgrounds are caused by the presence of high concentrations of protein hydrolysates, which interact with the alkali in the accelerator solution. Only two purposely developed media, i.e. ILM and Colicult™ are shown to reconcile the requirements of growth support with that of optimal luminescent properties. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Effect of aliphatic aldehydes on the lipid peroxidation and chemiluminescence of biological systems under oxidative stress (1997)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 12 (1997), S. 141-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: lipid peroxidation ; aldehydes ; chemiluminescence ; oxidative stress ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of several aliphatic aldehydes on lipid peroxidation was evaluated by measuring the oxygen uptake rate, thiobarbituric acid-reactive products formation and the emitted visible chemiluminescence intensity. Measurements were carried out in brain homogenates and erythrocyte plasma membrane and liver microsomal fractions. In all systems studied, aldehydes (25 mmol/L) (e.g. acetaldehyde, 2,2-dimethylpropanal), increased the intensity of the luminescence associated with the oxidation process. In contrast, aldehyde incorporation decreased TBARS production and the rate of oxygen uptake. The increased luminescence intensity is explained in terms of secondary reactions of aldehyde derived free radicals. These results clearly indicate that extreme care must be exercized in the intepretation of chemiluminescence data in the presence of aldehydes. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Detection of genotoxicity of metallic compounds by the bacterial bioluminescence test (1988)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 2 (1988), S. 95-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Bioluminescence ; genotoxicity ; Photobacterium fischeri ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Twenty metallic compounds were assayed for their genotoxic mutagenic activity by the bioluminescence test restoration of the luminescence of dark mutant of the luminous bacterium Photobacterium fischeri). The activity of the metals was tested in a liquid medium as well as on a solid medium. K2Cr2O7, MnCl2, BeCl2, KH2AsO4, ZnCl2 and Na2WO4 showed strong activity in liquid medium while AgNO3, Cd(OOCCH3)2, CoCl2, CuCl2, HgCl2, Na2SeO3 and Pb(NO3)2 were more active in the solid medium test. BaCl2, Na2MoO4, NaAsO2, NiSO4, Na2SeO4, RbCl, and SnCl2 were not active in the bioluminescence test. The correlation between the genotoxic activity of the tested metallic compounds in the bioluminescence test and other bacterial tests for genotoxic agents as well as the correlation between these results and the carcinogenicity of these compounds is discussed.
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    Light emission by plants and bacteria. Edited by Govindjee, J. Amesz, and D. D. Fork Academic Press, Orlando, 1986. (ISBN 0 12 294310 4) $85.00 (1988)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 2 (1988), S. 112-112 
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    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Masthead (1988)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 2 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170020301
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    Chemiluminescent assay of lipid hydroperoxides (1988)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 2 (1988), S. 113-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemiluminescent assay ; luminol ; lipid hydroperoxide ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The addition of luminol plus a catalyst such as peroxidase or a heme prosthetic group to a solution containing a small quantity of lipid hydroperoxides results in a flash of chemiluminescence, the intensity of which is a function of the hydroperoxide concentrations. Various protocols for lipid hydroperoxide assays have been described and we have studied conditions to increase their sensitivity and specificity.Plasma lipid hydroperoxide determinations require an extraction, since compounds present in plasma interfere with light emission. Moreover, the sensitivity of the assay is by the presence of hydrogen peroxide in the medium, which causes high background values. Catalase does not act on lipid hydroperoxides and can be used to eliminate hydrogen peroxide from the reaction medium. The determination requires a blank tube in which hydroperoxides are destroyed by incubating the sample with haematin plus ascorbate. The increase in the chemiluminescence of the assay tube caused by the presence of lipid hydroperoxides is then compared to the value obtained for an internal standard.
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    Determination of sterilization effectiveness by measuring bacterial growth in a biological indicator through firefly luciferase determination of ATP (1988)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 2 (1988), S. 129-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: ATP ; biological indicator ; sterilization monitoring ; spore germination ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A bioluminescence procedure for measurement of microbial ATP allows a rapid determination of the effectiveness of autoclave sterilization. This determination is achieved faster than detection of acid production in a biological indicator via a pH indicator. Bacterial outgrowth from spores on test strips of the biological indicator was detected by measurement of ATP using the firefly luciferase reaction. A measureable increase in ATP was found after 5 hours of incubation of a biological indicator that had been treated under sterilizing conditions that produced 75% sterility of the biological indicator as measured by acid production. This is a marked improvement over the 24-48 hours of incubation currently required.
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    Announcements (1988)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 2 (1988), S. 171-172 
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    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Chemiluminescence in organic chemistry. K. D. Gunderman and F. McCapra Springer Verlag, Berlin (1987) 30 figures, 217 pages, DM168, ISBN 3-540-17,55-X (1988)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 2 (1988), S. 171-171 
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    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Mutants of luminous bacteria selected for bioluminescent toxicity tests (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 342-345 
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    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Luminous bacteria ; toxicity test ; outer membrane ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mutants of the luminescent bacterial strain NRRL B-11177 were isolated with pleiotropic hypersensitivity towards hydrophobic antimicrobial agents. SDS-PAGE analyses of outer membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharides revealed that the outer membrane structure of the ahs-mutants was altered. QSAR analysis showed that the inhibitory effect of chloro-substituted phenols on bioluminescence of the ahs-mutants depended on their hydrophobicity. The effect of chlorinated phenols and detergents on bioluminescence was increased in the ahs-mutants. The potential use of these mutants in bioluminescent toxicity tests was discussed.
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    Characterization of a chimeric aequorin molecule expressed in myeloma cells (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 346-350 
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    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have constructed a chimeric aequorin consisting of a fragment of the anti-NP immunoglobulin gene fused to the aequorin gene. Expression in a myeloma cell line has produced a Fab′-like molecule that has the ability to bind NIP specifically and generate bioluminescent activity. It takes approximately 8 h at 4 °C in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol and coelenterazine to regenerate luminescent activity. While the flash kinetics of this recombinant molecule are similar to native aequorin, its quantum efficiency is ten times lower. Preliminary studies have been conducted to ascertain its usefulness for immunoassays. We have shown for this chimeric aequorin 7 × 10-19 moles can be detected in solution, also it can be used in a solid-phase assay and is stably stored at -70°C for at least 2 months.
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    A rapid chemiluminescent DNA hybridization assay for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 357-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chlamydia ; solution phase hybridization ; microtitre dish ; Chemiluminescence ; enzyme triggerable dioxetanes ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: With an estimated 3-4 million new cases per year, human infections from Chlamydia trachomatis are probably the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the United States. Diagnosis of Chlamydia is usually conducted by tissue culture methods. Direct immunofluorescence and ELISA tests have become available, but there remains a need for a test with better specificity and sensitivity. In response to this need, we have developed a rapid DNA hybridization assay using synthetic oligonucleotide probes to detect the presence of the Chlamydia trachomatis specific 7.4 kb plasmid. The assay involves solution phase hybridization of unlabelled probes, rapid capture of the probe-target duplex onto a microtitre dish surface, a new signal amplification technique that employs chemically cross-linked oligonucleotides, and an alkaline phosphatase labelled probe. Signal is obtained by reacting the labelled probe-target complex with an enzyme triggerable dioxetane substrate. Detection of the chemiluminescent output is performed either with a luminometer or by exposure to instant film. All 15 serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis react positively while organisms known to co-inhabit the human urogenital tract react negatively.
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    New, sensitive, radioactive-free bioluminescence-enhanced detection system in protein blotting and nucleic acid hybridization (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 367-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Luciferin ; luciferase ; luciferin-O-phosphate ; bioluminescence ; firefly ; Photinus pyralis ; protein blotting ; nucleic acid hybridization ; reporter gene ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A relatively simple, very sensitive bioluminescence-enhanced detection system for protein blotting and nucleic acid hybridization is described. The method utilizes antibodies conjugated with alkaline phosphatase or nucleotide probes complexed with alkaline phosphatase. Then the alkaline phosphatase takes part in a reaction by releasing D-luciferin (Photinus pyralis) from D-luciferin-O-phosphate. Liberated D-luciferin reacts with luciferase, ATP and oxygen under light emission. Light is measured using the Argus-100 a photon counting camera system or photographic films. Bound alkaline phosphatase conjugated antibodies or hybridized nucleotide probes can be visualized. The limit of detection is at present 5 to 50 fg of protein (IgG), corresponding, for example to 30 to 300 × 10-21 mol. This means a much higher sensitivity of the detection system in comparison to systems used at present. Experiments concerning nucleic acid hybridization and visualization of the emitted light by a photon counting camera (Argus-100) are under investigation.
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    Bacteriuria testing by the ATP method as an integral part in the diagnosis and therapy of urinary tract infection (UTI) (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 381-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Urinary tract infection ; diagnostic methods ; rapid microbiology ; ATP ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rapid tests for bacteriuria have the highest value, if the test result is available while the patient is with the doctor. At the bacteriological laboratory rapid testing of samples obtained by mail may be cost-effective but is of little clinical value. In a previous study performed at a health care centre using conventional urine culture as a reference the ATP test came out as the most reliable one among several rapid bacteriuria tests. The present study was performed to see how the ATP test could be fitted into the routine of the health care centre. Female patients with UTI symptoms were asked to deliver a urine sample to the health care centre laboratory and to wait for the result before seeing the doctor. After having the symptoms confirmed the doctor based the diagnosis on the ATP value. A low ATP value ruled out UTI and a high ATP value confirmed UTI. In patients with an intermediary ATP value (10-50 nmol/I) a positive nitrite test was used to confirm UTI. Only those patients with intermediary ATP values and negative nitrite test had to wait for conventional urine culture. Thus in most patients the decision on antibiotic therapy or not was based on clinical symptoms and ATP results only. Antibiotics (trimethoprim) were given as single dose or as a conventional 7-day regime in a double-blind comparison. The correlation between the ATP method and conventional culture was good. Although results of the present study are promising the ATP test as performed is too complicated to become widely accepted at health care centres. However, the dipstick version of the ATP test at present being developed will make the method ideally suited for rapid bacteriuria testing at health care centres and similar doctor's surgery situations.
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    Luciferase of Luciola mingrelica fireflies. Kinetics and regulation mechanism (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 406-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Firefly luciferase ; luminescence ; enzyme kinetics ; bioluminescence spectra ; allosteric activators ; firefly mRNA translation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Biochemical properties, spectral parameters of bioluminescence and reaction kinetics for Luciola mingrelica firefly luciferase are described and analysed. The kinetic scheme of the enzymatic process is proposed and discussed. Allosteric regulation of luciferase activity by ATP and its analogues is considered and binding Mg2+ to luciferase shown to increase its activity. Regulation mechanism of luciferase activity by phospholipids is analysed and choline-containing phospholipids shown to be specific luciferase activators. Some properties of firefly luciferae and the luciferase synthesized during firefly mRNA translation in frog oocytes are compared.
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    Luminescence in the study of lipid metabolism (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 436-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Bioluminescence ; chemiluminescence ; lipid metabolism ; LDL oxidation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using bioluminescence assays for glycerol, free fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate and lactate, we were able to perform complex studies of human energy and lipid metabolism both in serum samples in vivo and in isolated fat cells in vitro. These studies would have been impossible without reliable, specific and highly sensitive luminescence methods. Oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein (LDL) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Adaptation of a chemiluminescence assay for lipid hydroperoxides to LDL isolated by specific precipitation from serum makes it possible to measure LDL oxidation in vivo. Cell dependent chemiluminescence was used to investigate whether receptor mediated endocytosis of LDL by macrophages leads to oxygen radical production in these cells. No activation of the membrane NAD(P)H oxidase was observed.
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    Rat urinary chemiluminescence: effect of ethanol and/or hexachlorobenzene uptake (1998)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 13 (1998), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: ethanol ; hexachlorobenzene ; porphyria ; oxidative stress ; spontaneous urinary chemiluminescence ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) administration to rats induces porphyria cutanea tarda, characterized by high levels of urinary porphyrins (〉40 μg/day) and accumulation of highly carboxylated porphyrins in liver (〉15 μg/g of tissue). Ethanol administration, under the conditions employed, was not porphyrinogenic and was able to diminish some of the responses elicited by HCB. Furthermore, ethanol and/or HCB administration leads to organ disturbances that involve oxidative stress. We have measured the changes in urinary chemiluminescence (CL) levels, as part of a systematic evaluation of the metabolic alterations in rats chronically treated with ethanol and/or HCB. The results, that constitute the first set of urinary CL data obtained from an animal model system, indicate that the measurement of the spontaneous urinary CL can constitute a fast, simple and sensitive method to evaluate disturbances associated with oxidative stress. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Stopped-flow analysis of Ru(bpy)33+chemiluminescent reactions (1998)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 13 (1998), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: stopped-flow ; chemiluminescence ; multicomponent analysis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The stopped-flow technique was employed to measure chemiluminescent emission from the reaction of a mixture of oxalate and proline with a chemiluminescence reagent, tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(III), or Ru(bpy)33+. Ru(bpy)33+ is a versatile reagent and is often used in bioanalytical applications, including the detection of certain drugs and their metabolites, for example. Unfortunately, Ru(bpy)33+ has not yet been fully examined as a possible chemiluminescence reagent for simultaneous kinetic determinations. In this work, a differential reaction rate method, based on simple least squares regressions of the pseudo-first order decay data, was used to resolve two compounds, oxalate and proline, reacting simultaneously with Ru(bpy)33+. Our results indicate that stopped-flow analyses with Ru(bpy)33+ could provide a viable method for simultaneous determinations of unresolvable analytes of environmental and pharmaceutical importance. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Principles and applications of luminescence spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatographic techniques (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 484-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Luminescence ; chromatography ; detection ; quantitative analysis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An overview is presented of the physicochemical basis of luminescence, and its application to the detection of chemicals (drugs, biomedically important compounds, environmentally active substances) in liquid chromatographic systems.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170040164
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    Design of luminescence photobiosensors (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 543-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Fibre-optic ; biosensor ; bioluminescence ; chemiluminescence ; immobilized enzymes ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The potential of immobilized enzyme membranes in biosensors has been explored in our group for several years. Although part of our work has been mainly devoted to electrochemical transducers and oxidases for the design of enzyme electrodes, the demand for ultrasensitive and highly selective sensors led us to consider the use of luminescent enzyme systems associated to optical transduction. When considering the need for operational and reliable biosensors in biotechnology, immobilization and stability of the sensing element still remain, in most cases, an unavoidable problem. We recently proposed a very fast and reliable procedure for preparing enzymatic membranes from Pall (Biodyne Immunoaffinity membranes) supplied in a pre-activated form. Both the firefly and bacterial systems as well as peroxidase for the chemiluminescent determination of various analytes, could be bound to such a support.Based on this approach, a fibre-optic sensor with immobilized enzymes has been designed which permits bio- or chemiluminescent analysis of ATP, NADH or H2O2 respectively. With the NADH-based system, other analytes could be detected using coupled dehydrogenases. This device appears very promising and includes the convenience of both the luminescence sensitivity as well as the handling of the biosensor design.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170040171
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    Ultraweak light emission is a common response of bacterial cells to chemico-physical stressThis paper has not been peer reviewed. (1998)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 13 (1998), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: electroporation ; UV light ; oxidative stress ; catalase ; superoxide dismutase ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Escherichia coli JM101 cells were subjected to pore-forming electric fields, irradiation with ultraviolet light or oxidative stress by either the lipoxygenase products 9- and 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acids (9- and 13-HPOD) or hydrogen peroxide. It was found that all chemico-physical stresses enhanced ultraweak light emission from the bacterial cells, the most effective treatment being electroporation (up to 20-fold increase in luminescence compared to the control value), followed by oxidative stress with 9- or 13-HPOD (up to 4-fold increase) and irradiation with UV light (up to 2.8-fold increase). Bacterial luminescence was always in the red edge of the spectrum and was paralleled by changes in membrane oxidative index and specific activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Clinical and analytical performance of automated immunochemiluminometric assays for determination of cardiac markers in serumThis paper has not been peer reviewed (1998)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 13 (1998), S. 307-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: immunoassay ; biological markers ; myocardial infarction ; diagnostic sensitivity ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three new immunochemiluminometric assays for quantitation of cardiac markers, i.e. creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), myoglobin and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), were evaluated with the Sanofi Access analyser. The complete profile requires 20 min to perform, the method being suitable in true stat situations. In patients with early myocardial infarction (median time of sample collection: 210 min from onset, range 30-450; n = 44), the diagnostic sensitivity of Access cTnI was 66%, compared with 80% for myoglobin, and 43% for CK-MB. For comparison, cTnI, with an automated immunofluorimetric assay was also measured (sensitivity, 45%; p 〈 0.05 vs. Access cTnI). Our data confirmed myoglobin as the first biochemical marker to appear elevated after infarction. However, cTnI may be a more sensitive marker for early detection of cardiac damage than initially thought, when determined by an ultrasensitive method such as an immunochemiluminometric assay. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Determination by HPLC of adrenalin (E) and of noradrenalin (NE) in certain species of mesopelagic fish in the Strait of MessinaThis paper has not bee peer reviewed (1998)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 13 (1998), S. 311-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: bioluminescence ; adrenalin ; noradrenalin ; photophores ; HPLC ; mesopelagic fish ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The presence of adrenalin (E) and noradrenalin (NE) was found by HPLC both in the photophores and at other tissue levels of numerous species of mesopelagic fish in The Strait of Messina, with the aim of determining the incidence of these catecholamines in photophores, in light transmission and the eventual presence at other tissue levels. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Impaired reactive oxygen metabolism of phagocytic leukocytes in NIDDM patients. A role for non-enzymatic glycosylation of collagen (1998)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 13 (1998), S. 273-278 
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    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: diabetes ; leukocytes ; monocytes ; extracellular matrix ; non-enzymatic glycosylation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Non-enzymatic glycosylation (NEG) of collagen has been previously shown to significantly influence the reactive oxygen metabolism (ROM) of phagocytic cells in healthy subjects. Considering the role of NEG in the pathophysiology of diabetes, we have further analysed the oxidative metabolism of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and monocytes in 23 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in order to better elucidate a possible pathogenic role of NEG of the extracellular matrix in long-term complications of diabetes. Experiments were performed in triplicate on native-collagen and glycated-collagen coated vials, using a chemiluminescence (CL) assay. Results show that PMNs from diabetic patients display a significant increased basal and zymosan-induced CL activity with respect to controls that are not related to the glycation state of the substrate. Conversely, the CL activity of monocytes induced by zymosan shows a decrease in diabetic patients with respect to healthy volunteers (p 〈 0.05). Moreover, monocyte CL was reduced by the glycated matrix, both in healthy volunteers and in diabetic subjects (p 〈 0.05 and p 〈 0.01, respectively). These data highlight a complex role of phagocytic leukocytes in the pathophysiology of extracellular matrix alterations secondary to NEG that are typically present in clinical conditions such as diabetes or ageing. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Chemiluminescent assay of β-D-galactosidase based on indole luminescence (1998)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 13 (1998), S. 349-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: β-D-galactosidase ; enzyme immunoassay ; chemiluminescence ; 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (X-gal) ; thyroxine ; indole derivative ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We developed a novel chemiluminescent assay of β-D-galactosidase (β-gal) based on the chemiluminescence of indole. 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (X-gal) was used as a substrate for β-gal and also as a light emitter. X-gal was hydrolysed by β-gal to liberate free indoxyl, followed by oxidation to indigo dye, and simultaneously produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). H2O2 reacts with the residual X-gal in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to emit light. The measurable range of β-gal obtained by this method was 6 × 10-14 mol/L to 6 × 10-11 mol/L; the detection limit was 3 amol/assay. This chemiluminescent assay could be applied to an enzyme immunoassay of thyroxine using β-gal as the enzyme label. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    A two-intermediate model for imidazole-promoted peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (1997)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 12 (1997), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence ; imidazole-catalysed mechanism ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A mechanism is proposed for imidazole-catalysed peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence. The reaction model includes a sequential formation of 1-aroxalylimidazole and 1,1′-oxalyldiimidazole as light-producing reaction intermediates. The suggestion is supported by the kinetic data obtained for the reaction of imidazole with bis(4-nitrophenyl) oxalate and on the recently reported ability of 1,1′-oxalyldiimidazole to function as an efficient chemiluminescence reagent. The relative contributions of different catalytic pathways and hydrolytic side-reactions are discussed © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) for salmon growth hormone (GH) (1997)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 12 (1997), S. 271-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: chemiluminescent immunoassay ; acridinium ester ; fish ; salmon ; growth hormone ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A highly sensitive and specific chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) was developed for quantification of growth hormone (GH) in salmonid species. The CLIA for salmon GH was performed using the sandwich method with anti-GH IgG as the first antibody and chemiluminescent acridinium ester-labelled specific anti-GH F(ab′)2 as the second antibody. The measurable range of salmon GH in the CLIA was 39-1250 pg/mL using a short assay (1 day) protocol and 3.9-125 pg/mL in a longer (2-day) assay. The dilution curve in the CLIA of serum from masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) was parallel to the standard curve of recombinant chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) GH. Seasonal changes of serum GH levels were measured in 1 year-old masu salmon cultivated in a pond from March to November. Their serum GH levels increased during smoltification from March to April, achieved a maximum level of 21 ng/mL in August, and then declined gradually to 11 ng/mL in October. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Enhanced chemiluminescence reaction applied to the study of horseradish peroxidase stability in the course of p-iodophenol oxidation (1997)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 12 (1997), S. 299-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: enhanced chemiluminescent reaction ; horseradish peroxidase ; enzyme inactivation ; p-iodophenol ; free radical ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The enhanced chemiluminescence reaction (ECL) was applied to the study of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) inactivation during the oxidation of p-iodophenol. Enzyme inactivation was shown to be the main reason for light decay in the course of the reaction. No individual effect of luminol and p-iodophenol as enhancer on HRP activity towards 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) was detected, enzymatic activity loss was detected only in the course of the ECL reaction. HRP activity towards ABTS (a colorimetric substrate) fell in a similar manner to the decay in light emission. The reactive radical species formed during enhancer oxidation were suggested as the main inactivating agents. The similarity of changes in light intensity and enzymatic activity allows one to apply the ECL reaction for testing potential stabilizers of HRP. The loss of enzyme activity can be partially explained by non-specific interaction of radical species with protein globule. The addition of bovine serum albumin provided almost complete protection of peroxidase from inactivation. This confirms the non-specific inactivation with highly reactive endogenous intermediates through the modification of a protein globule. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Chemiluminescence of cereal products. III. Two-dimensional photocount imaging of chemiluminescence (1998)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 13 (1998), S. 21-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: 2-D imaging ; chemiluminescence ; auto-oxidation ; hydration ; cereal products ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two-dimensional (2-D) spatial distributions of ultra-weak chemiluminescence (photon imaging) from auto-oxidizing and water-hydrated cereal food products were measured by means of a high-sensitivity 2-D photon counting system - an intensified charge coupled device (CCD) camera. The 2-D images obtained reveal the dynamics and emission patterns of very slow auto-oxidation reactions and much faster processes of water penetration into cereal products. The enhancement of chemiluminescence by the addition of water appears to involve complex processes with an inhomogenous spatial and energy distribution within cereal products. The effect of antioxidants, free radical promoters and scavengers suggests that oxidative radical reactions contribute significantly to the observed chemiluminescence. The possible involvement of hydrophilic interactions, H2O-biopolymers and recombination of trapped radicals is also discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Masthead (1991)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 6 (1991) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170060101
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    Activation of human monocytes by interleukin 2: Role of T lymphocytes (1991)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 6 (1991), S. 3-8 
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    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Interleukin 2 ; monocytes ; chemiluminescence ; reactive oxygen metabolites ; Fc-γ receptor ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of interleukin 2 (IL 2) on the capability of human monocytes to secrete reactive oxygen species triggered via Fc-γ receptor (Fc-γ R) function had been investigated by measurement of chemiluminescence (CL). IL 2 did not activate highly purified (hp) monocytes to respond to Fc-γ R mediated phagocytic stimulation with an enhanced respiratory burst activity unless low numbers of T cells had been co-cultured with hp monocytes. Supernatants from IL 2 treated PBMC contained interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and monocyte activating factor (MAF) activity. The secretion of both cytokine activities was strongly enhanced by cooperative function of monocytes. The correlation of IL 2 induced secretion of IFN-γ and MAF activity was striking, however, monoclonal antibody (mAb) anti-human IFN-γ failed to abrogate IL 2 stimulated and lymphocyte dependent monocyte activation. Although IL 2 had no direct monocyte activating effect, pretreatment of hp monocytes with IL 2 led to monocyte priming: subsequent co-culture with autologous control T cells enhanced the monocyte Fc-γ R mediated CL response. The priming of monocytes by IL 2 was dependent on the interaction of IL 2 with the monocytic IL 2 receptor as shown by inhibition experiments with anti IL 2 R monoclonal antibody. Thus the IL 2 driven monocyte/T-cell interaction leads to an increased Fc-γ R mediated monocytic respiratory burst activity and to the secretion of a soluble MAF activity, but there were no detectable amounts of IFN-γ.
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    1989 literature: Part 1 (1991)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 6 (1991), S. 45-67 
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    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170060109
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    Total antioxidant capacity (TAC): is it an effective method to evaluate the oxidative stress in uraemia?This paper has not been peer reviewed (1998)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 13 (1998), S. 315-319 
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    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: CRF ; TAC ; lipids ; apolipoproteins ; oxLDLAb ; diet ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Lipoprotein abnormalities are common in uraemia and are considered important factors for development of atherosclerosis and progression of renal disease. Reduction of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation (LP) probably play a major role in both processes. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of renal function, dietary manipulation and lipids on TAC of uraemic patients with different chronic renal failure (CRF). Sixty patients (36M, 24F), aged 60 ± 12 years were divided into five groups according to serum creatinine levels (sCr, mg/dl) -  CRFI, 1.5-3; CRFII, 〉 3-5.5; CRFIII, 〉 5.5; CRFIV, 〉 3 on vegetarian supplemented diet (SD); CRFV haemodialysis patients (HD)-and investigated for TAC by enhanced chemiluminescent assay, autoantibodies against oxidized LDL (oxLDLAb), lipids, apolipoprotein AI, B, Lp(a) and uric acid (UA). The results were compared to a control group of 19 people (8M, 11F), aged 52 ± 11 years with sCr 〈 1.5. TAC increased significantly with the progression of CRF and was strongly related to both sCr and UA. Lipids and SD did not show any influence on TAC. Unexpectedly, lipid peroxidation did not correlate to TAC, neither to sCr or UA. HD accounted for a mild reduction of both TAC and LP. Patients on SD showed a marked reduction of LP as compared to patients with a similar degree of renal failure (CRF-III) but on conventional diet. Our results suggest that elevated TAC in uraemia is likely to be dependent on increased UA levels and does not seem to induce an effective protection in vivo from oxidative stress. In conclusion, TAC does not appear to be a reliable method for assessing the oxidative susceptibility of CRF patients. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Highly sensitive chemiluminescent method for the detection of cell contaminationThis paper has not been peer reviewed. (1998)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 13 (1998), S. 303-305 
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    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: chemiluminescence ; PCR ; contamination ; polymorphism ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Minisatellite analysis is commonly used in forensic disputes but can also be applied to the investigation of cell contamination. Such a problem arises, for example, when transplantation is performed. The presence of contamination has been investigated by other authors using radioactive methods. In the present study we describe a method that allows the detection of contamination with high sensitivity without using radioactive substances. Our technique is based on the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of minisatellite sequences (VNTR), followed by chemiluminescent detection. In particular, biotin-labelled dCTP is included in the PCR mixture and detection of PCR products is obtained following the CSPD chemiluminescent protocol (Southern-Light Nucleic Acid Detection Systems). We applied this method to artificial mixes of DNA of two individuals with alleles of different sizes. We performed progressive dilutions of an individual DNA into the other's DNA and revealed a contamination of 1 in 2500 cells. We also tested our technique searching for maternal contamination in cord blood samples in 60 cases and revealed a 18.3% contamination. The technique that we set up proves to be a very sensitive one which could be applied not only to the detection of maternal cells in cord blood but also in studying any other kind of contamination. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Using non-radioactive probes on plants: a few examplesThis paper has not been peer reviewed. (1998)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 13 (1998), S. 295-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: plant virus ; diagnosis ; transgenic plants ; non-radioactive probes ; digoxigenin ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Due to costs in using and disposing of radiochemicals and to health considerations, we have been developing applications which include non-isotopic detection of DNA and proteins using chemiluminescence. Our major interests are in the detection of viral nucleic acids and in the analysis of transgenic plants. Generally, probes were labelled with digoxigenin, either by the random priming method or by PCR, and then detected with CSPD or CDP-Star. We routinely use a tissue blotting protocol for diagnosing TYLCV, a plant virus becoming a pest in the Mediterranean region. Test results were comparable with those using the same radiolabelled probe. When total nucleic acids are extracted from the plant samples and used in dot-blot or Southern blot assays, viral DNAs are promptly detected by chemiluminescence. In transgenic plants, chemiluminescence was used to detect the transgene on genomic Southern blots, the transgenic mRNAs on Northern blots, and the transgenic protein on Western blots. In Southern and Northern blots, the quality of the results obtained was usually satisfactory, but not as good as with a radiolabelled probe, the main problem being the signal-to-background ratio. Our goal is now to improve the quality of results in demanding applications such as genomic Southern blots, by reducing the background on membranes. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Chemiluminometric β-galactosidase detection as a basis for a tetracycline screening test in milkThis paper was presented in part as a lecture at the Luminescence Assays for Industry Symposium, University of Cambridge, UK, 22-23 September 1997. Full abstracts for the symposium appear in Vol. 12, pp. 93-112, 1997. (1998)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 13 (1998), S. 279-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: chemiluminescence ; β-galactosidase ; tetracyclines ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The observation that tetracyclines inhibit the biosynthesis of β-galactosidase in Escherichia coli to a greater extent than other antibacterials was exploited for the development of a chemiluminometric method to detect residues of this class of antibiotics in milk. The procedure involves the incubation of a milk sample with 107 CFU/ml of an E. coli strain in the presence of IPTG, an inducer of β-galactosidase, and of EGTA, a chelator of calcium ions, followed by a 1000-fold dilution and measurement of the residual enzymatic activity using the chemiluminogenic substrate Galacton. Chemiluminometry proved an essential tool in this procedure because the extensive dilution of the sample, necessary to avoid light quenching by turbidity, results in an insufficient level of β-galactosidase activity to be measurable by colorimetry. This tetracycline galactosidase (TG) test has been validated and compared in the field to existing commercial screening assays for antibiotics. Its detection limit for tetracyclines ranges between 40 and 65 μg/kg, which is below the European maximum residue limit (MRL = 100 μg/kg) in milk. No other antibacterials, at concentrations commonly expected in milk, were found to interfere with the TG test. Strategies to avoid false positive reactions possibly arising from very high somatic cell counts will be reported elsewhere. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    What do we measure with luminol-, lucigenin- and penicillin-amplified chemiluminescence? 1. Investigations with hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite (1998)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 13 (1998), S. 355-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: hydrogen peroxide ; sodium hypochlorite ; reactive oxygen species ; chemiluminescence ; luminol ; lucigenin ; penicillin ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Evidence is provided that the amplifiers luminol and lucigenin react with different reactive oxygen species (ROS), depending on the ROS-generating system used. H2O2 is used to produce calibration curves for luminol- and lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence. With this chemiluminescence generator we characterized the specificity and sensitivity of luminol- and lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence and also studied penicillin G, a known enhancer of luminol-amplified chemiluminescence. The combination of luminol and lucigenin in reciprocally changing concentrations is effective in an additive manner, but the weak amplifier penicillin increases luminol-amplified chemiluminescence distinctly more than in an additive manner in different combinations. Lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence is increased by penicillin at about 1% of the optimum concentration of penicillin; increasing concentrations of penicillin are less and less effective. On the other hand, low lucigenin concentrations enhance penicillin-amplified chemiluminescence at optimum penicillin concentrations more than in an additive manner. Fe2+ does not alter luminol-, lucigenin- or penicillin-amplified chemiluminescence. Co2+ increases luminol-amplified chemiluminescence by a factor of 100. Lucigenin- and penicillin-amplified chemiluminescence are minimally enhanced by Co2+. Cu2+ enhances luminol-amplified chemiluminescence with increasing concentrations by a factor of 1000. Lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence increases also by the factor of 1000, but the concentration-reaction curve is not as steep. NaOCl enhances H2O2/Fe2+-driven luminol-amplified chemiluminescence in a concentration-dependent manner by a factor of 104 (in the highest concentration of 10 mmol/L) and lucigenin amplified chemiluminescence only by a factor of about 25. Catalase (CAT) abolishes luminol-, lucigenin- and penicillin-amplified chemiluminescence completely, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) has no effect on luminol- or penicillin-amplified chemiluminescence, but enhances lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence five-fold increasingly with increasing SOD activity. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Immobilization of luciferase from a firefly lantern extract on glass strips as an alternative strategy for luminescent detection of ATP (1998)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 13 (1998), S. 371-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: bioluminescence ; luciferase ; ATP ; immobilization ; glass ; poly-L-lysine ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The bioluminescent reaction catalysed by firefly luciferase has become widely established as an outstanding analytical system for assay of ATP. When used in solution, luciferase is unstable and cannot be re-used, a problem that can be partially circumvented by immobilizing the enzyme on solid substrates. Transparent glass is especially advantageous over alternative immobilizing matrices, since it allows most of the emitted photons to be detected. We report a new method for luciferase immobilization on glass which does not require prior silanization and glutaraldehyde activation, thus saving preparation time and minimizing enzyme inactivation. Our method is based on the co-immobilization by adsorption of luciferase (from a firefly lantern extract) and poly-L-lysine (PL) on non-porous glass strips. Luciferase immobilized in this way exhibits minimal variations in intersample activity, high sensitivity for ATP detection (linear luminescence responses down to 50 nmol/L) and good stability (full activity for at least 60 days when stored at -80°C). PL-mediated immobilization of luciferase on glass strips provides an attractive strategy for the design of specific ATP biosensors, with potential in industry, environmental screening, medicine and biological research. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Acridinium ester-labelled DNA oligonucleotide probes (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 351-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemiluminescence ; acridinium ester ; labelling ; oligonucleotide DNA probes ; hybridization ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chemiluminescent acridinium ester derivatives have been synthesized and covalently attached to suitably modified synthetic DNA oligonucleotides. Attachment of acridinium ester label to primary aliphatic amine group(s) present in the synthetic DNA probe molecule is rapid and efficient. Methods have been developed for efficient separation of acridinium ester-labelled DNA from unincorporated labelling reagent and underivatized DNA.The basic hydrogen peroxide detection reaction and photon counting conditions for measurement of chemiluminescence emission from acridinium ester-labelled DNA probes have been optimized. Under optimal conditions, the observed detection limit for the labelled DNA (1:1 mole ratio) is the same as for the free acridinium ester label, which is 2 attomole sensitivity in the best case studied.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170040148
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    A review of bioluminescent ATP techniques in rapid microbiology (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 375-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Rapid microbiology ; adenosine triphosphate ; luminometer ; bioluminescence ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Use of firefly luciferase to assay adenosine triphosphate (ATP) extracted from microorganisms provides an easy means to enumerate microbes within minutes. The small amount of light produced is proportional to ATP and thus microbial number.The average bacterium contains around 10-15 g ATP per cell. Present reagents permit detection of 103 cells per tube. Luminometers currently on the market detect about 10-12 g ATP.Proper extraction of ATP from the microbes is an essential part of any protocol, as is the removal of non-microbial ATP from, for example, somatic cells also present in samples. The technique may be applied to a wide range of samples, for example food and beverages and clinical samples such as urine.The ATP assay gives a global measure of microbial numbers, i.e. it is not species specific unless a species separation step is included in the protocol.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170040151
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    Improved ATP methodology for biomass assays (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 390-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: ATP assay ; ATP extraction ; biomass ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ATP methodology needs to be further standardized and improved in order to avoid the pitfalls that have sometimes hampered its application to biomass assays. The following steps have been reconsidered as far as the bacteriological applications is concerned: (a)destruction of free and somatic ATP: replacement of apyrase by mammalian ATPase, more readily accessible to specific inhibition;(b)extraction of bacterial ATP: protection of luciferase by lipids against inhibitory effect of cationic detergents with production of a constant light response.New methods are proposed for the calibration of luminometers and for the matching of sample holders in multichannel instruments.The limit of sensitivity of ATP assays is discussed in the light of currently available reagents and instruments.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170040153
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    Determination of adenosine triphosphate in human semen to estimate the fertilizing potential and to quantify sperm antibodies (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 399-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: ATP ; semen analysis ; sperm antibodies ; male fertility ; artificial insemination ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The measurement of the ATP content of fresh semen is as accurate as the estimation of sperm motility by conventional methods in discriminating between semen of fertile versus subfertile men. The ATP content of frozen thawed donor semen is correlated with the probability of conception per cycle of insemination. Exact quantification of cytotoxic sperm antibodies in serum is possible with the adenosine-triphosphate-release-cytotoxicity test, since measurement is free of the bias of microscopic examination. The procedure has been simplified by testing only one serum dilution and calculating the ‘sperm toxicity index’.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170040154
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    New approaches to the preparation and application of firefly luciferase (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 419-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Allowing for the lipid nature of firefly luciferase we have developed a new method for obtaining high-activity and high-stability enzyme preparations for bioluminescent microassay. The method includes the step of differential centrifugation in presence of stabilizing additives which entails a partial purification of the enzyme and its essential stabilization likely due to the fact that luciferase retains its lipid environment which plays an important role in catalysis. The resultant luciferase preparation is stable in solution at 4 °C for 2-3 months and allows the detection of down to 10-11M ATP.A new method has been offered for luciferase immobilization on film carriers precoated with a phospholipid layer. By sorption of the enzyme on such carriers, the samples of immobilized luciferase have been obtained suitable for constructing chemiluminescent biosensors, in the form of luciferase-containing films. There are many-fold applications for detection of ATP micro-quantities.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170040156
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    Coupled reactions for the determination of analytes and enzymes based on the use of luminescence (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 423-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Immobilized enzymes ; nylon ; bioluminescence ; chemiluminescence ; flow systems ; epoxy methacrylate ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Immobilized enzymes are widely used in the clinical laboratory in the assay of several analytes and enzymes. The use of immobilized enzymes makes these reagents recoverable and re-usable, and in most cases increases their stability and catalytic activity. In conjunction with bioluminescent enzymes (firefly and bacterial luciferases) and chemiluminescent catalyst (peroxidase) we set up high-sensitive flow methods based on the use of nylon tube coil or epoxy methacrylate column as solid support.All the NAD(P)/NAD(P)H-dependent dehydrogenases (bacterial luciferase), ATP-dependent enzymes (firefly luciferase) and oxidases producing H2O2 (peroxidase) can be immobilized and a large variety of analytes have been sensitively measured. As an alternative format we also reported a dry chemistry method in which all the enzymes, substrates and cofactors are ready to use, supported on dry cellulose disks. Methodological problems such as flow conditions, stability, pH, ionic strength and analytical performances are also reported.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170040157
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    Chemiluminescent assay of co-factors (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 454-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Chemiluminescence ; NADH ; ATP ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bioluminescent methods are widely used for the assay of the co-factors, NADH and ATP. Although the bioluminescent method is highly sensitive, the enzymes used are unstable and expensive. Therefore a chemiluminescent method would be valuable in clinical routine assay.We have developed a chemiluminescent method for the assay of NADH using the 1-methoxy-5-methylphenazinium methyl sulphate (1-MPMS)/isoluminol(IL)/microperox-idase(m-POD) system.In order to increase the sensitivity of this method, enzymatic cycling system was coupled to the chemiluminescent assay of NADH.Alcohol dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase were used as the cycling enzyme. The standard curve was obtained in the range from 3 × 10-14 to 5 × 10-12mol/assay. The detection limit of NADH was 30fmol/assay which was comparable to that of the bioluminescent method using bacterial luciferase.Two chemiluminescent methods for the assay of ATP have been developed. Method 1 is the system using hexokinase/G6PDH and 1-PMS/IL/m-POD, and method 2 is the system based on the enzymatic cycling reaction of ATP using hexokinase/pyruvate kinase. Method 2 is 1000/fold more sensitive than the method 1. The detection limit of ATP was 10 fmol/assay.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170040160
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    Photoproteins as indicators of intracellular free Ca2+ (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 4 (1989), S. 463-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Photoproteins ; calcium ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170040161
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