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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of colloidal particles on dewatering of activated sludge with polyelectrolyte (1975)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 9 (1975), S. 945-948 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es60108a010
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature range variants of Bacillus megaterium (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 113 (1977), S. 221-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Thermophilic bacteria ; Obligate thermophile ; Facultative thermophile ; Bacillus megaterium ; Variant ; Plasmid ; Thermoadaptation of bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Facultatively and obligately thermophilic variants were isolated from 3 out of 12 tested mesophilic Bacillus megaterium strains. The variants occurred at a frequency of 10-8–10-9. The ability to grow at elevated temperatures was cured by means of treatment with acridine orange. Stable revertants were isolated from facultatively and obligately thermophilic variants. An unknown type of megacin was produced by the facultative thermophiles. This megacin attacked mesophilic and obligately thermophilic strains. The thermophiles displayed a few divergent taxonomic characteristics but a close relationship between the strains was indicated by the megacin spectrum and sensitivity to phage. Arrhenius plots revealed that the strains could be considered as temperature range variants and that the temperature characteristic increased with growth at a higher temperature range. The case for a plasmid involvement in the phenomenon is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00492029
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between the expression of T-DNA IAA biosynthetic genes from developmentally regulated promoters and the distribution of IAA in different organs of transgenic tobacco (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 85 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: To alter the level and distribution of IAA in tobacco, the T-DNA iaaM gene was fused to the TR-DNA 1′ promoter, and this construct was used to transform transgenic tobacco SR1 plants containing the natural iaaH gene. Coexpression of the 1’-iaaM and iaaH genes was associated with reduced plant height, leaf size, and internode diameter. Free and conjugated IAA levels were higher in 1′-iaaMliaaH plants than in wild-type, most notably in the basal leaves and internodes. Extending this work, hygromycin-resistant plants containing the iaaM gene expressed from either the 1′, CaMV 35S or potato ST-LS1 promoters were crossed with a kanamycin-resistant 35S-iaaH plant. Transcription of the iaaM and iaaH genes, and levels of IAA and ABA were monitored in hygromycin- and kanamycin-resistant progeny. Growth was inhibited in all lines, particularly in 35S-iaaM x 35S-iaaH plants. The phenotypes of 1′-iaaM x 35S-iaaH and 35S-iaaM x 35S-iaaH plants were similar to those of 1′-iaaMliaaH and 35S-iaaMliaaH plants, respectively, indicating that iaaH expression does not limit IAA biosynthesis. Transcription of the iaaM gene varied between the lines, as well as within and between organs of the same line. An increased IAA level was associated with iaaM transcription in most organs. Overall, the ABA level was higher in wild-type than in transgenic lines, but did not vary between the transgenic lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1992.tb04771.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Getting to the root: The role of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes in the formation of hairy roots (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 100 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes are the causative agents of the crown gall and hairy root diseases, respectively. The pathogenicity of both species is caused by an inter-kingdom transfer of DNA from the bacteria to wounded plant cells. This ‘transfer-DNA’ (T-DNA) contains oncogenes whose expression transforms the plant recipient cell into a rapidly dividing tumour cell. In the case of A. tumefaciens, three of these oncogenes have been shown to encode enzymes catalyzing the biosynthesis of the plant growth hormones auxin and cytokinin. Therefore, the unorganized cell division in the crown gall tumour can be largely explained by an unregulated overproduction of these plant growth regulators. In contrast, the hairy root disease is characterized by a massive growth of adventitious roots at the site of infection. Because of the similarities of the infection processes, and because A. rhizogenes and A. tumefaciens are very closely related, it has been suggested that the most important A. rhizogenes oncogenes, the so called rol genes, are also encoding proteins involved in the regulation of plant hormone metabolism. However, recent data indicate that this is not the case. Thus the rol genes have functions that most likely are different from producing mere alterations of plant hormone concentrations. This review summarizes recent results concerning the expression and function of the rol genes, and presents a model for the role of these genes, especially rolB and rolC, in the A. rhizogenes infection process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb03050.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolB and rolC promoters are expressed in pericycle cells competent to serve as root initials in transgenic hybrid aspen (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 100 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Expression of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolB and rolC promoters was studied in transgenic hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. ×P. tremuloides Michx.) lines containing a chimeric fusion of either the rolB or the rolC promoter and the reporter gene uidA. The resultant GUS activity was monitored by histochemical analysis in aerial tissues as well as in developing roots. Both the rolC and rolB promoters were shown to be expressed in the phloem and in the root tips, which is similar to the expression pattern previously described for annual plants. However, a strong expression of the rolB promoter in the rays of the phloem and the cambial zone of the stem, and of the rolC promoter in groups of pericycle cells prior to and during lateral root initiation was unique for hybrid aspen. In both stem and root tissues, the expression of the rolB and rolC promoters was localised primarily in a subset of cells competent to form adventitious or lateral roots, suggesting that these cells might serve as the target for A. rhizogencs infection. The biological significance of the cell-specific rol gene expression in establishing the hairy root disease is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb03049.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytokinin metabolites and gradients in wild type and transgenic tobacco with moderate cytokinin over-production (1996)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 98 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A binary T-DNA plant expression vector carrying a promoterless isopentenyl transferase (ipt) gene was constructed and used to transform Nicotiana tabacum L. Several primary transformants were obtained that displayed a range of phenotypes characteristic of cytokinin over-production. Two of the transformants with moderately altered phenotypes, both of which produced viable offspring and expressed the ipt gene at a low level, were selected for use in studies of the regulation of cytokinin metabolism. Both lines were found to contain high concentrations of zeatin-7-glucoside (Z7G), indicating that Z7G can accumulate in plants even when the rate of endogenous overproduction of cytokinins is low. This supports the hypothesis that 7-glucosidation is an important step in the regulation of zeatin (Z) levels. Very sharp gradients in concentration of cytokinin riboside and ribotides, related to age of tissue and distance from the apex, were found in both wild type and transfomed plants, which could be important in developmental regulation and could also account for some of the discrepancies between reported cytokinin levels in various plants. Intriguingly, however, although the combined level of zeatin riboside and ribotide was much higher in the transformed plants than in wild type, the combined level of isopentenyl riboside and ribotide was lower.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1996.980215.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased gibberellin biosynthesis in transgenic trees promotes growth, biomass production and xylem fiber length (2000)
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature biotechnology 18 (2000), S. 784-788 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] In most tree-breeding programs worldwide, increasing the trees' growth rates and stem volumes and shortening their rotation times are important aims. Such trees would yield more biomass per unit area. Here we show that overexpressing a key regulatory gene in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/77355
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presence of indole-3-acetic acid in chloroplasts ofNicotiana tabacum andPinus sylvestris (1990)
    Springer
    Planta 180 (1990), S. 562-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin (biosynthesis, catabolism, compartmentation) ; Indole-3-acetamide ; Indole-3-ethanol ; Nicotiana (transgenic) ; Pinus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The compartmentation and metabolism of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was examined in protoplasts derived from needles ofPinus sylvestris L., leaves of normal plants ofNicotiana tabacum L., leaves ofN. tabacum plants carrying the T-DNA gene 1 (rG1 plants) and leaves ofN. tabacum plants carrying the T-DNA gene 2 (rG2 plants) by using a rapid cell-fractionation method. In all tissues, 30%–40% of the IAA pool was located in the chloroplast, while the remainder was found in the cytosol. Quantitative analysis of indole-3-ethanol (IEt) showed that in bothPinus andNicotiana the IEt pool was located exclusively in the cytosol. The only plant that contained endogenous indoleacetamide (IAAm) was therG1-mutant ofN. tabacum, expressing theAgrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA gene 1. Cellular fractionation of protoplasts from this transgenic plant showed that the entire IAAm pool was located in the cytosol. Feeding experiments utilizing [5-3H]tryptophan, [5-3H]IEt, [1′-14C] and [2′-14C]IAA demonstrated that the biosynthesis and catabolism of IAA occurred in the cytosol in bothPinus and in the wild type and the different mutants ofNicotiana. Furthermore, the biosynthesis of IAAm in therG1 plants was also shown to be localized in the cytosol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411455
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of food availability on fledging condition and post-fledging survival in king penguin chicks (1997)
    Springer
    Polar biology 18 (1997), S. 161-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Effects of summer food shortage on king penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus chicks were studied at South Georgia. Two cohorts were compared, fledging in the austral summers of 1992 (n = 32) and 1994 (n = 33) when availability of food was judged good and poor, respectively. The former cohort had a higher pre-fledging mean mass (12.78 kg vs ≤ 10.03 kg), fledged earlier (median 5 January vs 21 January), and a higher proportion was re-sighted within 2 years of fledging (28% vs 0%). Within 4 years, 47% of the former cohort had been re-sighted (i.e. post-fledge survival); in addition, one was observed at the Falkland Islands, and 22% had bred (i.e. recruitment) in their colony of origin. The re-sighted chicks of the 1992 cohort fledged earlier than those not re-sighted (median 24 December vs 10 January), but it remain unclear if they were heavier at fledging. All chicks in this study (n = 65) were marked with both transponders (subcutaneously implanted) and flipper bands (on one flipper), and no losses of any markings were found (controlled up to 4 years afterwards). Therefore, data on chick post-fledging survival and recruitment were not adjusted for losses of markings, as has been done in other studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050172
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compartmentation of indole-3-acetic acid metabolism in protoplasts isolated from leaves of wild-type and IAA-overproducing transgenic tobacco plants (1993)
    Springer
    Planta 191 (1993), S. 274-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Agrobacterium (T-DNA genes) ; Auxin (biosynthesis, conjugation, compartmentation) ; Nicotiana (transgenic)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cellular compartmentation of indole-3-acetamide (IAM), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and [15N1]IAA synthesised from [15N1]tryptophan was monitored in protoplasts isolated from sterile wild-type tobacco SRI plants, and in IAA-overproducing plants expressing the Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA IAA genes iaaM and iaaH. Indole-3-acetamide was located exclusively in the cytosol of both iaaM and iaaM/iaaH protoplasts, being 75% lower than in iaaM protoplasts, presumably because of conversion into IAA by action of the iaaH-encoded hydrolase. The free-IAA level, however, was raised only 8% in iaaM/iaaH compared to iaaM protoplasts, whereas the level of IAA-conjugates was increased more than fivefold. For both genotypes, the location of IAA conjugates was restricted to the cytosol, while one-third of the free-IAA pool was present in chloroplasts. Transcription of the iaaM gene was increased by fusion to the strong cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. Compared with the wildtype, this led to an 18-fold higher conversion of [15N1]tryptophan to [15N1]IAA, a three- to fourfold increase in free IAA, and a tenfold higher level of IAA conjugates in 35S-iaaM/iaaH protoplasts. Also in these genotypes, IAA conjugates were exclusively cytosolic. There was no major difference between transgenic and wildtype protoplasts in the proportion of chloroplastic to total cellular IAA, although the chloroplastic IAA and [15N1IAA pools in the transformant were threefold and eightfold higher, respectively. Since the IAM pool in transgenic plants is exclusively cytosolic, these findings suggest that the increased chloroplastic [15N1IAA pool in 35S-iaaM/iaaH protoplasts is synthesised in the cytosol but rapidly transported into the chloroplast. Furthermore, the presence of IAA in the chloroplast together with the exclusively cytosolic location of IAA conjugates, suggests the presence of two differentially subcellular pools of IAA. The first is located in the cytosol and mainly regulated by non-decarboxylative catabolism and conjugation (Sandberg et al. 1990, Planta 180, 562–568), whereas the second is located in the chloroplast and is seemingly not directly regulated inside the organelle by either of these two processes. The cytosolic IAA control mechanisms, however, also affect the chloroplastic pool size due to the rapid transport of IAA between the two compartments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199760
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