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  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)  (1.175)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (1.921)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1975  (1.921)
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  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (1.921)
  • 1940-1944
Jahr
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Misorientation contrast of crystal subgrain boundaries in Berg–Barrett X-ray micrographs (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 29-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A stereographic projection method of analysis has been developed for analyzing the misorientation contrast of crystal subgrain boundaries which are observed in Berg–Barrett X-ray micrographs. The boundary appearance is described in terms of the geometry of the boundary with respect to the crystal surface, the angular misorientation of the adjacent subgrains, and the X-ray diffraction conditions. The rotation axis for the misorientation of adjacent subgrains, including the sense of the rotation, and the amount of misorientation is determined from the width and relative contrast of the boundary in various images. Experimental results are described for subgrain boundaries in zinc crystals solidified along different crystallographic growth directions. The Burgers vectors of the dislocations composing the subgrain boundary are indirectly determined by this method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009478
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Measurement of strain and lattice parameter in epitaxic layers (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 42-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A means of measuring strain and lattice parameter directly in epitaxic layers by `double-crystal' X-ray diffraction is presented. The method described has three major advantages; that it is achieved by a simple addition to a commercial goniometer; that the area of sample illuminated is defined solely by the collimator; and that single or double-crystal diffraction can be selected, simultaneously if needed, on exactly the same specimen area.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009491
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A silicon powder diffraction standard reference material (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 45-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A silicon powder Standard Reference Material, SRM-640, has been prepared for use as a standard in powder diffractometry. Powder diffraction measurements were performed with a tungsten internal standard and a high-angle goniometer. The measured a/λ is 3.525176. With λ(Cu Kα1 peak) taken as 1.5405981 Å, a = 5.430880 (35) Å, uncorrected for refraction. Comparison of a with values obtained with a single-crystal from one of the boules reveals a difference of 3 parts in 105. This difference suggests a subtle systematic error in powder diffractometry or a change in lattice spacing near crystal boundaries. Use of the SRM should permit individual measurements of lattice parameters to be made reproducible to near 1 part in 105 and an absolute accuracy of at least 3 parts in 105.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009508
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The separation of displacement and substitutional disorder scattering: a correction for structure-factor ratio variation (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 111-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The assumptions in the Borie & Sparks [Acta Cryst. (1971). A27, 198–201] procedure for the separation of order- and displacement-dependent components of diffuse X-ray scattering from a binary system AB are examined with the use of the concentration deviation (spin-like) notation. The more limiting assumption, that the structure-factor ratio η = (mAfA + mBfB)/(fA−fB) is constant in reciprocal space, is shown to produce an incomplete separation for normal variations in η. A matrix-inversion method for completing the separation is suggested for those cases in which the approximate equality of the Debye–Waller factors (DWF) of the individual atomic species indicates that some terms of the scattering equation may be neglected. The extension suggested by Ramesh & Ramaseshan [Acta Cryst. (1971). A27, 569–572] that anomalous dispersion induced changes in η could be used to separate the atomic static displacement properties of the various atomic pairs is shown to require a change in η greater than the variation of η across the reciprocal-space volume. Some difficulties of obtaining such a change are pointed out.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009740
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Positional information in solid-solution models (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 121-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The role of positional information in determining the thermodynamics of crystalline solid solutions is considered. It is noted that, with certain exceptions (e.g.b.c.c. Fe–B), such solutions can be classified as being exclusively either substitutional or interstitial with respect to each solute. Calculation of thermodynamic properties of intersitital solutions requires knowledge of the types of sites preferentially occupied by the solute. The problem of determining that occupancy is considered for several binary systems. A cumulant expansion technique, which meets with good success in describing dilute, high-temperature, interstitial solutions, is applied to the case of high-temperature binary substitutional systems of similar metals. The technique is shown to be of limited utility in this application.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009776
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Scattering of X-rays by correlated defect distributions (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 127-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: It may be essential in certain cases (e.g. non-dilute alloys and dislocations) to take into account the (pair and higher-order) correlations in the defect distribution. To this end the kinematic expression for the total scattered intensity is rewritten.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009818
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Linear local order (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 132-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: If the occurrence of one or two-dimensional local order in alloys or in neutron-irradiated materials has been known for many years, the observation by X-ray and neutron scattering of quasi-one-dimensional order due to displacements or correlated motions of atoms along independent chains is more recent. Examples to be discussed are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009843
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystallographers (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 75-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009612
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tenth General Assembly and International Congress of Crystallography (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 76-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009624
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Elastic diffuse neutron scattering on Ih ice (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 128-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Structural studies showed that oxygen atoms in Ih ice are well ordered whereas hydrogen atoms are `statistically' distributed on two possible sites on each O–H–O bond.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987500982X
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diffuse scattering studies of defects in irradiated copper (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 185-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The integral Huang diffuse X-ray scattering from crystals containing small dislocation loops can be analyzed to obtain two types of information: (1) the size distribution of the loops and (2) the total number of point defects contained in the loops. This technique has been applied to copper crystals irradiated under a number of conditions of neutron irradiation flux, dose and temperature, for which loops are produced, and to selected annealing studies of these loops, with all X-ray measurements made at room temperature.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010035
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Quantitative interpretation of X-ray line broadening of plastically deformed crystals (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 191-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Explanations for the broadening of X-ray line profiles of plastically deformed crystals in terms of the density and the distribution of the dislocations introduced during deformation are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010060
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Study of the \def\lambdabar{\ifvmode\noindent\fi{\hbox{$\lambda$}\kern-0.35em\raise0.7ex\hbox{-}\kern0.2em}}\lambdabar" phase in Zr–Nb alloys by Mössbauer and X-ray diffuse scattering (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 140-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The ω phase transformation in Zr–Nb alloys has been studied by measuring the X-ray diffuse scattering in the (110) plane and the Mössbauer diffuse scattering along the 〈111〉 direction of separate single crystals with compositions ranging from 8 to 30% Nb.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009867
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The relation between displacive disorder, premartensitic instabilities and the martensitic transformation in β-Cu–Zn alloys (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 141-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A simple crystallographic approach in obtaining the final martensitic structure [3R, 1R, 2H) from the initial displacive modes is presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009879
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Theory of diffuse scattering from crystals with point defects (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 142-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The theory of the diffuse scattering from crystals with small concentrations of point defects and small clusters is reviewed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009909
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analytic expressions for displacement fields of dislocation loops in anisotropic cubic crystals (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 143-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Analytic expressions for the dilation and the stress tensor in reciprocal space are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009910
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An investigation of the nature of the -X,Z growth sector boundary in synthetic quartz (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 203-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The boundary between the −X and Z growth regions in synthetic quartz has been studied using X-ray topography and other techniques and it has been found that the crystal lattice remains coherent at the boundary.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010151
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electron-diffraction and electron-microscopy methods for the study of ordering in crystals (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 204-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The diffraction of electrons is, in principle, a very sensitive probe of the relative atomic positions in ordered or disordered crystals. The full potential of electron diffraction and electron microscopy methods for the study of local atomic arrangements has not been realised because of the difficulties of conducting experiments under sufficiently well defined conditions and because of the complications introduced by the dynamical diffraction processes involved.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010175
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Investigation of the strain field of bismuth in lead by diffuse elastic neutron scattering (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 183-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The diffuse elastic neutron scattering due to distortion of the Pb host lattice around Bi substitutional atoms has been measured at the HFR in Grenoble and the results discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987501000X
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Measurement of diffuse X-ray scattering between reciprocal-lattice points as a new experimental method in determining interstitial structures (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 175-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: For interstitials the scattering cross section between the Bragg reflections is very sensitive to the position of the defect atom and the displacements of the neighbouring lattice atoms. In contrast to this the scattering near the Bragg reflections (Huang scattering) is mainly governed by the displacement field at large distances from the defect and gives information about defect symmetry and strength [Trinkaus, H. (1972). Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) 51, 307–319]. For determining structures of point defects a measurement of scattering far from reciprocal-lattice points is therefore the best suited and most direct method. X-ray measurements of point-defect scattering in this region far from reciprocal-lattice points are difficult. With conventional X-ray set-ups it is not possible to separate the defect scattering from the thermal diffuse and Compton background scattering which is up to two orders of magnitude larger in the case of typical defect concentrations of some 10−4. Such measurements, however, become possible if large X-ray sources of high luminous density are used in connexion with multidetector arrangements. As an example an experimental arrangement [Haubold, H.-G. & Schilling, W. (1975). To be published; Haubold, H.-G. (1974). Rep. Kernforschungsanlage Jülich, JUL-1090-FF] is reviewed, in which the scattering cross-section of self-interstitials in aluminium was measured in samples containing an atomic density of interstitials up to 5 × 10−4.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009983
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pseudopotential calculations of lattice distortions around impurities in simple metals (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 184-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Second-order pseudopotential calculations are known to reproduce fairly well the structure and phonon spectra of many simple metals. The validity of the underlying assumption of linear screening for impurities with valences and core radii close to those of the host can be checked a posteriori and by comparing calculated properties with measurements on dilute alloys, and, especially, coherent elastic neutron scattering.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010011
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Theory of the scattering from crystals containing strongly distorting defect clusters (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 185-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Analytical methods to describe the scattering from crystals containing defect clusters with strong displacement fields are reviewed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010047
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Small-angle scattering in neutron irradiated copper (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 193-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Work which has been started at Pelindaba on small-angle scattering in neutron irradiated copper is described.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010084
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Measurement of relative void surface energies in irradiated metals by small-angle scattering (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 193-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Voids formed in neutron irradiated metals are faceted on various crystallographic planes. This faceting has been shown to cause significant anisotropy in the small-angle scattering pattern. It is shown that it is possible to obtain the specific void surface energies from small-angle diffuse scattering data.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010072
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Studies of lattice defects using weak diffracted beams (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 224-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The weak-beam method of electron microscopy provides a means for studying lattice defects with greatly increased resolution compared with normal diffraction contrast techniques.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010321
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dilatation thermique du cyclopentadienyl thallium TlC5H5 entre 78 et 295 K (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 386-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The thermal expansion of cyclopentadienylthallium, TlC5H5, was determined in the range 78 to 295 K, using X-ray powder diffractometry. Expansion is very anisotropic: α1 = 125 ± 12, α2 = 97 ± 5, α3 = 0 ± 4 (all 10−6 K−1). Directions and ratio of the two greatest expansion coefficients: α1 and α2, are explained by considering the shortest distances Tl+–Tl|+ in this ionic structure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010746
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal data for some guanidinium salts (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 392-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Several guanidinium salts have been studied since, because they contain six hydrogen atoms per unit charge, they are likely to contain multiple hydrogen bonding systems [see e.g. Adams & Small (1974). Acta Cryst. B30, 2191–2193], which are of interest in themselves and are also likely to cause stabilization of the structure. The crystal data of a range of salts were collected and are given. Space group and approximate cell dimensions were obtained from oscillation and Weissenberg photographs. Powder diffraction data [0° to 60° (2&thgr; using Cu Kα)] were indexed and the cell parameters refined using the programs PIRUM of Werner [Program No. 1, World List of Crystallographic Computer Programs (3rd. ed.): J. Appl. Cryst. (1973). 6, 309–346] and CELFIT of Bracher [UKAEA Research Report, AERE-R5412 (1967)].
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010783
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  • 28
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    Digitale Medien
    Crystal data on ortho-substituted benzaldehydes (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 397-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Unlike the position with negatively charged substituents, little has been done on benzaldehydes ortho-substituted with positively charged groups. This is more especially true in the field of crystallography where only the X-ray and neutron diffraction study of o-nitrobenzaldehyde has been reported [Coppens & Schmidt, Acta Cryst. (1964). 17, 222–228; Coppens, Acta Cryst. (1964). 17, 573–578]. Preliminary results of a structural investigation on Se- and Te-containing benzaldehydes are presented. The main purpose is to corroborate and to complete the conclusion of recent n.m.r. work on the conformation of these molecules [Baiwir, Llabres, Denoel & Piette, Mol. Phys. (1973). 25, 1–7]. The following compounds have been studied: C6H4.COH.TeCl, C6H4.COH.TeBr, C6H4.COH.TeI, C6H4 COH.SeCl, C6H4.COH.SeBr. The crystal structure of the second (TeBr) has been recently reported [Baiwir Llabres, Dideberg, Dupont & Piette, Acta Cryst. (1974). B30, 139–143] and the structure of the last (SeBr) is presently in the final stage of refinement.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010801
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystallographers (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 402-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010837
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  • 30
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    Digitale Medien
    Electronic absorption and internal and external vibrational data of atomic and molecular ions doped in alkali halide crystals by S. C. Jain, A. V. R. Warrier and S. K. Agarwal (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 403-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010862
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  • 31
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    Digitale Medien
    Liquid-structure analysis by energy-scanning X-ray diffraction: mercury (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 405-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Quantitative liquid-structure analysis using energy-scanning diffraction rather than the traditional angle-scanning diffraction is introduced. In the experimental method, white radiation and a solid-state detector are employed. This new method is inherently faster and less beset with problems of experimental instability than are angular-scanning methods. However, many differences in analysis are introduced. In particular, measurement of the primary beam spectrum, the nature of the absorption and dispersion corrections, details of the polarization correction, the ranges of the atomic scattering factor and of the incoherent scattering term, and the mating of different scattering regimes all require special consideration. Application of the new instrumental method and the reconstructed analytical procedure to liquid mercury at room temperature has produced a result in agreement with other recent studies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010898
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  • 32
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    Digitale Medien
    A new small-angle X-ray scattering facility utilizing a rotating anode, pin-hole collimation and a position-sensitive proportional counter (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 421-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A new small-angle X-ray scattering facility which utilizes a 6 kW rotating anode, pin-hole collimation, and a position-sensitive proportional counter has been developed. As presently constructed, the minimum scattering vector κ (= 4π sin &thgr;/2) which can be reached with Cu Kα radiation is 5 × 10−3 Å−1. Under these conditions the flux incident on the specimen has been found to be 6 × 105 photons s−1. The system has several advantages compared with traditional long-slit geometries; namely, (i) it can quantitatively measure anisotropic scattering distributions, (ii) it avoids large mathematical corrections of the data for slit-smearing effects, and (iii) it minimizes double Bragg scattering in crystalline materials and multiple diffuse scattering in amorphous or liquid materials. To illustrate the performance of this instrument, the scattering curves obtained from four widely different samples are shown. These are: polyethylene, a neutron-irradiated aluminium single-crystal containing voids, a dilute suspension of Ludox spheres, and duck tendon collagen. Quantitative comparisons of the performance with a Kratky camera and with the neutron small-angle scattering facility in Jülich are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010916
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  • 33
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    Digitale Medien
    Accurate lattice constants from multiple reflection measurements. II. Lattice constants of germanium silicon, and diamond (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 457-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The lattice constants of a diamond platelet and of large single, undoped, crystals of silicon and germanium have been determined from measurements of multiple diffraction patterns by the method described in Part I [Post (1975). J. Appl. Cryst. 8, 452–456]. The mean values, based on measurements of eight to twelve reflections, and their standard deviations are: diamond a = 3.566986 Å, Aa/a = 2.6 × 10−6; silicon a = 5.430941 Å, Aa/a = 2 × 10−6; germanium a = 5.657820 Å, Δa/a = 1.6 × 10−6.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010965
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Manganese ion site distribution studies in tourmaline by anomalous X-ray scattering methods (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 469-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The Mn3+ site distribution in a manganese-containing tsilaisite tourmaline sample has been determined as 46±3 wt. % in the larger Y octahedral sites and 54± 3 wt. % in the smaller Z octahedral sites. For this, a novel application of anomalous X-ray scattering techniques, in conjunction with the energy dispersive X-ray diffraction procedure, has been used. This method appears to be versatile and applicable to many different elements.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010990
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Absorption correction for crystals in capillary tubes (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 491-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: An inexpensive calculation is outlined for determining those reflexions suffering large absorption errors, and for correcting those with smaller errors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987501103X
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A very inexpensive device for collecting X-ray data below the ambient temperature (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 496-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875011077
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystallographers (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 496-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875011089
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    X-ray investigation of copper selenides Cu2−xSe (2.00≥2-x≥1.72) (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 375-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The lattice parameters and the linear coefficient of the lattice thermal expansion of f.c.c. β-Cu2−xSe (1.86 ≥ 2−x ≥ 1.72) were determined by means of the Debye–Scherrer X-ray diffraction technique in the temperature range 25–336°C. The concentration and temperature dependence of the coefficient of thermal expansion are discussed. In addition the equilibrium phase diagram of the Cu–Se system in the region of a non-stoichiometric Cu2−xSe compound (2.00 ≥2−x ≥1.72) was redetermined, with special consideration of the homogeneity range of the f.c.c. β-Cu2−xSe, and compared with previously published results.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010722
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal data for thallium germanium sulphide, Tl2GeS3 (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 391-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Crystals of Tl2GeS3 were grown by solidification from melts. The compound is triclinic with lattice parameters a = 8.06, b = 12.70, c = 6.76 Å, α = 96°39′, β = 93°10′, γ = 99°31′. Powder data are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010771
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Programme Fortran pour l'analyse tridimensionnelle des textures sans hypothèse restrictive sur les symétries de l'échantillon (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 589-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A computer program has been written in Fortran for the numerical calculation, using generalized spherical harmonics, of the texture of a sample, even when it has no symmetry. Automatically plotted pole figures, corrected and normalized, make it possible to begin to control the results. Reconstituted pole figures are plotted as a function of Cmνl. The calculations, based on the theoretical developments of Bunge [Mathematische Methoden der Texturanalyse. (1969). Berlin: Akademie Verlag] were carried out with different numerical analyses so as to reduce the size of the calculation and the time taken.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875011430
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  • 41
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    Digitale Medien
    Determination of structure factors by white X-ray diffraction from a powder sample of GaP (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 578-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The white X-ray diffraction method with the use of a powder sample [Laine, Läihteenmäki & Kantola (1972). X-ray Spectrosc. 1, 93–98] was improved by paying special attention to the following four points: (i) the determination of the energy spectrum of incident white X-rays, (ii) the measurement of the energy dependence of the relative absorption coefficient, (iii) the correction for the contribution from thermal diffuse scattering, and (iv) the correction for the anomalous dispersion. The determination of the structure factors of GaP is shown as an example of its applications. The structure factors determined were compared with those obtained by the usual angle dispersive method with monochromated X-rays on the same sample. It is shown that these two sets of structure factors mostly agree within the limit of reproducibility.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875011417
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An analysis of errors in the Fourier coefficients of the α1 line profile (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 612-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The errors in the Fourier coefficients of the α1 component obtained by α2 elimination are investigated analytically. The effects of counting statistics, of an incorrect intensity ratio of the α1 and α2 components and of an incorrect doublet separation are calculated. The mean-square error in the Fourier coefficient caused by counting statistics is a periodic function of the harmonic number, while errors in the intensity ratio and in the doublet separation primarily affect the first Fourier coefficients. The results are confirmed by computer simulations and by computations with experimental line profiles. The α2 elimination methods assume a perfect shape identity of the α1 and α2 components, but this assumption is not completely justified. Deviations might be interpreted as local errors in the doublet separation and the intensity ratio.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875011478
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Textures of cold-rolled pure aluminum measured by neutron and X-ray diffraction (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 628-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The textures of undirectionally and reversed rolled aluminium sheets were measured using thermal neutrons and Cu and Mo Kα radiation. The samples for the X-ray measurements were prepared in three different ways so that the degree of correspondence between textures as measured with neutrons and X-rays could be investigated. It is shown that agreement can be achieved if the X-rays used penetrate sufficiently into the sample and if a composite type sample is used.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987501151X
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  • 44
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    Digitale Medien
    Al2SiO5, Al2GeO5 and Cr2GeO5 kyanites: X-ray powder data and infrared absorption spectra (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 329-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Kyanite phases Al2SiO5 (I), Al2GeO5 (II) and Cr2GeO5 (III) were synthesized at 20 kb/1000°C (I, II) and at 1 atm/1150°C (III). Powder X-ray patterns for II and III are presented in comparison with that of I. Triclinic lattice constants are a0 = 7.127 (7.253, 7.422), b0 = 7.858 (8.011, 8.244), c0 = 5.570 (5.649, 5.815) Å, α = 89.99 (89.97, 90.58), β = 101.22 (101.23, 101.10), γ = 106.04 (106.05, 106.01)°, and V0 = 293.6 (308.9, 339.9) Å3 for the kyanite phases I (II, III, respectively). Infrared absorption spectra of I (II, III) were measured between 1400 and 200 cm−1. Band shifts produced by the isomorphous substitutions allow tentative band assignments of the Al2SiO5-kyanite spectrum: 1032, 1009, 940 cm−1 ν3 (SiO4); 898 cm−1 ν1 (SiO4); 720, 438 cm−1 ν4, ν2 (SiO4) ?; banes between 674 and 505 cm−1 and at 467 cm−1 are mainly due to octahedral Al–O vibrations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010540
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Die Mineralfunde der Schweiz by R. L. Parker (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 343-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010655
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Notes and News (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 343-343 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010643
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  • 47
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    Digitale Medien
    Méthode du faisceau convergent: application à la sélection et à l'étude de cristaux polytypiques (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 352-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: An attractive use of a convergent-beam camera is described. Its advantages, with respect to classical methods, are pointed out. The short exposure time provided by this device is very useful in the selection and detailed study of polytypic crystals. Some X-ray photographs obtained from a titanium sulphide polytypic crystal are displayed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010679
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Méthode d'analyse du profil de bande produite par des feuillets diffractants ayant une forme anisométrique (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 365-371 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Solids characterized by lamellar structure are often made from ribbon or lath-shaped sheets. Such a morphology has been observed in phyllosilicates (hectorite or nontronite, for example) and in carbon fibres. This contribution aims to show that elongated planar sheets can be detected from the profile of the X-ray diffraction bands yielded by the powdered solid. The numerical technique originally developed by Brindley & Méring [Acta Cryst. (1951). 4, 441–447] for isometric layers, has been extended to ribbon or lath-shaped elementary layers. An example of application is given when the sheet is a carbon layer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010709
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  • 49
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    Digitale Medien
    Etude par diffraction des rayons X sur poudre de la transition ordre–désordre du ferrocène Fe(C5H5)2 (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 380-385 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: About fifty X-ray powder diagrams were recorded in the range 15 to 295 K, by means of a prototype diffractometer and a high-efficiency cryostat, so that a very precise study of the anisotropic structural evolution of ferrocene could be made. The cell parameters and volume have been computed. These parameters present a discontinuity at 164 K; the cell is triclinic below and monoclinic above this temperature. The transition is first order. The principal thermal expansion coefficients have been computed and their evolution, in terms of temperature, has been related to the anisotropic change of the intermolecular contacts in the crystal. Assumptions about the mechanism of transition and about the ferrocene configuration in the ordered phase are expressed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010734
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Precession photography: orienting crystals by means of the stereographic projection (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 388-389 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A graphical construction on the Wulff net permits corrections on both arcs and the dial to be determined even if neither of the arcs is parallel to the film and/or the outer arc reading is large. The procedure requires that the orientation errors be multiplied by an arbitrary common factor smaller than ten, while the biggest multiplied error should be less than ten degrees: the corrections are obtained graphically and divided by the factor. Corrections thus obtained are within 10% of their true values.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010758
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  • 51
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    Digitale Medien
    Synthesè et données cristallographiques de trois polymolybdates de thallium I (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 398-400 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Tl2Mo7O22 is monoclinic with space groupe C2/c or Cc and with a = 20,512 (6); b = 5,526 (2); c = 19,460 (6) Å; β = 125,20 (3)°: Z = 4. Tl2Mo4O13 is orthorhombic with space group Pbca and with a = 7,583 (3); b = 15,409 (3); c = 18,798 (3) Å; Z = 8. Tl7Mo2O7 is monoclinic with a = 8,427 (2); b = 5,690 (2); c = 7,935 (2) Å; β = 108,90 (2)°; Z = 2. The indexed powder diagrams are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010813
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Acta Crystallographica and Journals of Applied Crystallography (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 402-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010849
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  • 53
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    Digitale Medien
    Silicon carbide – 1973. (Proceddings of the Third International Conference, Florida, 1973) edited by R. C. Marshall, J. W. Faust Jr and C. E. Ryan (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 403-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010874
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  • 54
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    Digitale Medien
    The use of a three-axis spectrometer on an angled reactor channel (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The resolution function is derived for a three-axis neutron spectrometer in which the monochromator scattering plane is at an angle to the specimen and analyser scattering planes. The analysis shows that the width of measured peaks is much more affected by the slope of the dispersion surface under investigation than by the angle between the planes. It is concluded that a spectrometer which is used on a hole inclined at 35° would have satisfactory resolution and intensity for most purposes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475000010
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  • 55
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    Digitale Medien
    A calculation of the molecular orientational disorder in crystalline anthrone (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 80-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: In anthrone (10H-anthracen-9-one) crystals there may be two distinct types of molecular orientational disorder. Firstly, whole stacks of molecules along [010] may, by association with vacancies, become orientationally disordered between positions related by a twofold screw axis in the crystal. Secondly, individual molecules may become disordered between orientations related by inversion through the molecular centre of mass. Calculations with previously developed Ising-like models (with an atom-atom intermolecular potential, the data for the low-temperature unit cell and the observation of a transition temperature at 357K) reveal that at 295K both types of disorder are present. This explains previous detailed X-ray diffuse-scattering data. Parts of these data give 16 ± 1, 36 ± 9 and 25 ± 2 Å for the observed range of the order in the a, b and c directions. The calculations predict 16 ± 0, 37 ± 12 and 24 ± 6 Å.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475000150
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Direct structure determination of asymmetric membrane systems from X-ray diffraction (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 130-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A theoretical analysis of X-ray diffraction from asymmetric planar systems is given. Phase information is obtained from the continuous intensity function from such a system. Although a unique phase function cannot be determined, it is possible to derive the relatively small number of phase solutions which are consistent with the observed diffraction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475000228
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dislocation contrast from phonon-scattered electrons in weak-beam images (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 116-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A theory for the contrast from phonon-scattered electrons is presented. In this theory single-phonon scattering is taken into account. The influence of the strain field of the crystal defect on the electrons which have been scattered by phonons is considered dynamically. The dislocation contrast in the thermal diffuse intensity is calculated under weak-beam conditions at 100 kV and 1MV. It is shown that the thermal diffuse and elastic intensities are comparable in magnitude for foil thicknesses of the order of the mean free path for electron-phonon scattering. The thermal diffuse intensity has a minimum close to the position of the dislocation. The dependence of the visibility in weak-beam images on the foil thickness, the accelerating voltage, the aperture radius and the temperature is discussed. The diffuse intensity from contaminating carbon layers has been estimated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475000204
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  • 58
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    Digitale Medien
    Antiphase domains in a lunar pigeonite: determination of the average shape, size and orientation from a measurement of three-dimensional intensity profiles of diffuse (h + k = odd) reflections (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 126-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Three-dimensional intensity profiles of selected diffuse b-type (h + k = odd) reflections in a core pigeonite from lunar rock 12053 have been measured by a point-count method using a single-crystal automatic diffractometer. Sampling reciprocal space about a Bragg reflection yields a 5 × 5 × 5 array of intensity data; contouring shows the shape, size and orientation of the diffuse reflection. It is assumed that the intensity distribution is Gaussian in reciprocal space and the diffuseness of the b-type reflections is primarily due to small antiphase domains. From the intensity data, the average shape, size and orientation of the antiphase domains have been determined by applying Fourier transform theory. The average shape of the antiphase domains can be approximated by an ellipsoid with axial lengths; {\bar z} = 171, ÿ = 141, and {\bar x} = 122 Å. Lengths of these axes have been adjusted by a correction factor which makes the adjacent a-type (h + k = even) reflection conform to its ideal spherical form. The long (z) axis deviates from the crystallographic axis and forms a 44° circle about {\bar 2}11. The average size and shape of the domains agree well with those determined through electron microscopy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475000216
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optical anisotropies of some organic molecules (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 136-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A quantitative knowledge of the refractivities and anisotropies of some organic molecules, aromatic and aliphatic, of different shapes and containing various electronic groupings was obtained. The studied aromatic compounds include three rings and one ring with different substituents while the aliphatic compounds contain six-membered rings, five-membered rings and open chains. The results show that strong magnetic anisotropy is always associated with strong optical anisotropy, and the optical anisotropy of the molecules divided by that of the benzene molecule is smaller than the corresponding value for magnetic anisotropy. Also the optical anisotropy in the case of aromatic compounds is markedly decreased by substitution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S056773947500023X
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  • 60
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    Digitale Medien
    Rapid calculation of X-ray absorption correction factors for cylinders to an accuracy of 0.1% (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 146-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Accurate X-ray absorption correction factors A* for cylindrical samples were calculated in the range of the product of linear absorption coefficient μand cylinder radius R of 0 ≤ μR ≤ 2.5 and in the range of Bragg angle θ of 0° ≤ 0 ≤ 90°. A method of double numerical integration that is different from the method usually used resulted in a maximum error of 0.1% with the typical error being much less. A table of values of A* was prepared, and simple equations were obtained for interpolation between values in the table to an accuracy of 0.1% or better. A full-range curve-fitting procedure that is accurate to 0.1% also was developed for routine use when many values of A* must be calculated for a single sample.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475000253
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High-precision orientation of crystals using the Laue method with characteristic X-rays (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 142-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A method previously developed for high-precision orientation of low-index planes of perfect or nearly perfect crystals has been extended to planes with arbitrary indices. The extension has been accomplished by predicting the back-reflexion patterns of Laue spots due to characteristic X-rays and by identifying spots which should have equal intensity when the correct orientation is obtained. It is possible to orient the specimen crystal within 0.01° of the desired orientation in favourable cases. In cases where the equal-intensity criterion cannot be used the accuracy of the orientation using the predicted pattern is at least as good as that using the conventional Laue method. Furthermore there is no need to measure angular distances between the spots or the distance between the crystal and the film.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475000241
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Some statistical results for structures with pseudosymmetry (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 149-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The values of the second, third and fourth-order moments of the normalized intensity z and the maximum probable values of two types of discrepancy index, namely RB and R2, are worked out for various types of pseudosymmetric structures considered by Rogers & Wilson [ Acta Cryst. (1953). 6, 439-449].
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475000265
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comments on Multiple diffraction of X-rays and the phase problem by R. Colella (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 153-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Several serious errors which were included in a paper entitled Multiple diffraction of X-rays and the phase problem by R. Colella [Acta Cryst. (1974). A30, 413-423] are noted and discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475000277
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reply to Post's comments on my paper Multiple diffraction of X-rays and the phase problem. Computational procedures and comparison with experiment (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 155-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: It is shown that the errors in the paper by R. Colella [Acta Cryst. (1974). A30, 413-423] pointed out by B. Post [Acta Cryst. (1975). A31, 153-155] do not in fact exist.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475000289
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The root-mean-square vibrational displacements of sodium and fluorine ions in sodium fluoride: erratum (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 157-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Corrections to Sharma [Acta Cryst. (1974) A30, 299-300].
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475000307
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Schottky defects in KI and RbI (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 155-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The temperature dependence of the thermal expansion of KI and RbI at high temperatures is shown to be related to the concentration of thermally generated Schottky defects. the experimental value of the energy of formation of these defects for RbI has been estimated for the first time. The two halides are found to obey the 'law of corresponding states' established by Pathak & Vasavada [Acta Cryst. (1970). A26, 655-658].
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475000290
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Notes and News (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 160-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475000320
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Notes and News (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 704-704 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475001520
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  • 69
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    Digitale Medien
    The phase problem for cylindrically averaged diffraction patterns. Solution by isomorphous replacement and application to tobacco mosaic virus (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 709-718 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A procedure is given for separating and phasing terms originating from different Bessel-function orders in cylindrically averaged fibre diffraction patterns, using isomorphous heavy-atom derivatives. Model calculations and an application to tobacco mosaic virus are described.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475001544
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  • 70
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    Digitale Medien
    The joint probability distribution of Eh, Eh+k and cos 2π(h/2+k).U – where U is a single Patterson vector – and related conditional averages: space group P\overline{1} (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 731-737 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: In order to establish a generalized form of an earlier derived algebraic relation between a structure factor, triple products and a single Patterson vector U, the joint probability distribution P(X0, X1, M) of Ek, Eh + k and cos 2π(h/2 + k). U with h fixed, is derived for space group P{\bar 1}. From this distribution the desired generalized equations are obtained. The sign probability formula for triple products is adapted to the case that cos 2π(h/2 + k). U is known. A numerical check on the expression for the conditional average (cos 2πh/2 + k). U||Ek| 〉 t, |Eh + k 〉 t )k, showed that for an artificial structure the set of signs of the structure factors obtained from this expression was better than that calculated from heavy-atom positions related by U.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475001581
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Calculation of E values by means of the origin peak in the Patterson function (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 762-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The origin peak in the Patterson function may be used to construct E values when the number and type of the atoms in the structure are known. This is illustrated by an example leading to an agreement value between the observed and calculated E values of 0.170. For comparison, a least-squares calculation of the best overall anisotropic temperature factor results in an R of 0.167. The result obtained from a Wilson plot is 0.188.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475001647
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dérivation par induction de groupes d'espace et de groupes magnétiques (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 790-793 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Starting from space groups, the point groups of which are cyclic, all the other space groups are deduced. The inductive method used is known to provide the 32 point groups, starting with the cyclic groups. It is applied to the derivation of magnetic point and space groups.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475001702
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermal contraction in NH4IO3 and its significance with respect to the phase transition (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 810-813 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: NH4IO3 shows an abrupt contraction in the direction of spontaneous polarization at 82°C. This anomaly is accompanied by changes in the optical properties and phonon spectra, which were also studied at different pressures. On the basis of the lattice parameters and Raman spectra a probable mechanism is suggested for the phase transition.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S056773947500174X
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  • 74
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    Digitale Medien
    Common polytypes of PbI2 at low and high temperatures and the 2H–12R transformation (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 823-824 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: PbI2 single crystals grown in gel and grown from vapour were studied by X-ray diffraction. The structure analysis of the type 2H with space group P{\bar 3}m1 has revealed that the z coordinate of the I ion is 0.268 and the thermal vibration of the Pb ion in its own layer is considerably smaller as compared with that perpendicular to the layer. From the dependence of the frequencies of types 2H and 12R[13]3 on temperature of crystal growth, it has been shown that type 2H is the most common type at room temperature and type 12R[13]3 the most common type at high temperatures. Observations on the 2H-12R transformation by annealing have revealed that this transformation is reversible.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475001787
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  • 75
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    Digitale Medien
    Simultaneous reflexion: its detection and correction for intensity perturbation (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 841-845 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The geometrical condition under which simultaneous reflexions occur with a general setting of a crystal has been formulated in three equations in terms of reciprocal-lattice vectors. A procedure is described to correct the intensity data for structure analysis for the intensity perturbation due to simultaneous reflexion. The following practical experimental conditions were taken into account: the effect due to the circumstance that the primary and secondary reflexions do not always occur exactly at the same time, the divergence and insufficient monochromatization of the incident beam, and a finite size and mosaicity of crystal specimen. The correction for simultaneous reflexion was applied to the X-ray intensity data from diformylhydrazine. It was shown that non-equal intensities among equivalent reflexions could be corrected reasonably by this method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475001829
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The information contained in neutron powder diagrams of magnetic materials (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 856-857 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A reciprocal-space treatment is given of the effects of reflexion averaging on the information available from magnetic neutron powder diagrams. The results confirm those previously obtained by spin-density Patterson methods.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475001878
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Report of the Executive Committee for 1974 (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 860-876 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475001908
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular structure by diffraction methods, Vol. 2 by G. A. Sim and L. E. Sutton (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 878-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475001945
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Experiments on simple magnetic model systems by L. J. de Jongh and A. R. Miedema (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 879-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475001957
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    X-ray diffuse scattering from neutron-irradiated uranium dioxide crystals (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 50-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The distribution of the diffuse scattering intensity of uranium dioxide single crystals has been studied before and after irradiation by reactor neutrons with doses of 1014, 1015 and 5.1016 fissions cm-3. It has been found that irradiation effects occurred only at 5.1016 fissions cm-3. The {002}k planes of irradiated UO2 and the {22{\bar 4}}k and {11{\bar 3}}k planes of unirradiated crystals have been observed as planes of high diffuse intensity. In unirradiated crystals the measured relative intensities around the 335 reciprocal-lattice point are in fair agreement with calculations using the Jahn formula, i.e. they have a maximum in the [33{\bar 1}] direction. In irradiated samples, however, there exists a weak [002] maximum. This change in the distribution cannot be interpreted by Stokes-Wilson scattering alone and the extra intensity may be explained by the scattering of X-rays from defect modes of lattice vibrations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475000083
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  • 81
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    Digitale Medien
    Contrast of 180° domains of PbTiO3 in an electron microscopic image (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 59-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The contrast of 180° domains of PbTiO3 depends on temperature and is caused by differences in the intensity of the diffuse background. The thickness extinction fringes of 180° domains taken at different temperatures between room temperature and near the Curie temperature are qualitatively explained with the use of many-beam dynamical theory, in which different anomalous absorption factors are assumed for each case. The origin of the contrast is interpreted and discussed in terms of the difference in thermal diffuse scattering between the 180° domains.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475000113
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The application of phase relationships to complex structures. VlI. Magic integers (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 53-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: With phases expressed in cycles so that 0 ≤ φ 〈 1 it is possible with a single symbol x, in the range 0 to 1, to represent several phases, say m, by φ = nix mod (1) where i runs from 1 to m and the integers, ni, are referred to as 'magic integers'. A starting set of phases may consist of some which fix the origin and enantiomorph, some known by Σ1 relationships for example and others given magic-integer representation in terms of x, y and z. Relationships between the starting-set phases then appear in the form Hx + Ky + Lz + b ∼ 0, and maxima of the function, ψ = \sum_{r} |E1rE2rE3r| cos {2π(Hrx + Kry + Lrz + b)} , lead to sets of possible values of the unknown phases in the starting set of reflexions. By means of the magic-integer process complex structures requiring very large starting sets may be tackled. Examples of the application of the method are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475000095
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of Coulombic interactions on the calculated crystal structures of benzene at atmospheric and 25 kbar pressure (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 56-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The crystal structures of benzene I (orthorhombic) and high-pressure benzene II (monoclinic) were calculated at atmospheric pressure and 25 kbar pressure by minimization of the intermolecular lattice energy subject to the pressure constraint. The first set of calculations used an atom-atom (exp-6) potential with no net coulombic charges on the atoms. The second set of calculations used an (exp-6-1) potential which placed charges of ± 0.18 electron on each atom of the benzene molecule. The no-charge calculation incorrectly predicted that benzene should be monoclinic at both atmospheric and 25 kbar pressure. The coulombic charge calculation correctly predicted the observed crystal transaction, favoring the orthorhombic structure at atmospheric pressure but favoring the monoclinic structure at 25 kbar. In the latter calculations there were substantial coulombic contributions to the lattice energy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475000101
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Schwinger and anomalous scattering of neutrons from CdS (1975)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 76-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Polarization-sensitive neutron scattering from CdS single crystals has been observed for several Bragg reflections. This effect arises from interference between neutron spin-neutron orbit (Schwinger) scattering and 90° phase-shifted scattering due to such sources as absorption and a noncentrosymmetric crystal structure. The observed flipping ratios are in excellent agreement with those calculated on the basis of the accepted conventions for the determination of absolute configuration by X-ray or neutron diffraction. Possible application of the Schwinger scattering to the routine determination of absolute configurations is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739475000149
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thickness measurements of wet protein crystals in the electron microscope (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 12-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: With the stable environment afforded by a dynamically pumped wet specimen chamber, the thickness of a fully hydrated protein microcrystal may be obtained in an electron microscope from an incident-beam attenuation measurement after disappearance of the diffraction pattern. Such measurements on orthorhombic catalase crystals have been successfully cross-correlated with thickness measurements on the same crystals made with an interference light microscope over a range from a few hundred to a few thousand Ångströms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009430
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Studies of the size and the misorientation of the mosaic blocks in pure and doped single crystals of potassium chloride (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 15-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Extinction coefficients for pure and doped single crystals of potassium chloride have been measured with the use of polarized X-rays and subsequent analysis in terms of Zachariasen's theory of X-ray diffraction from real crystals. The sizes of the mosaic domains and the angles of misorientation between them have been determined from the extinction coefficients corresponding to copper and cobalt radiations. It has been observed that with increase in doping the sizes of the domains diminish and the misorientation between them increases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009442
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The neutron Fourier chopper in protein crystallography (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 20-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: It was suggested [Nunes, Nathans & Schoenborn (1971). Acta Cryst. A27, 284–291] that collection of neutron diffraction data from protein crystals could be accelerated greatly by a white-beam Laue technique (to make full use of the reactor spectrum) with Fourier time-of-flight analysis employed to obtain individual reflection intensities. A prototype Fourier chopper has been built. In this paper are described its construction, operation, methods of data analysis, and tests performed with a myoglobin crystal. Although the technique is proved feasible, it is of marginal value when used with a single detector. A spectrometer utilizing an extended detector array is required to realise its full potential.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009466
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  • 88
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    Digitale Medien
    On the evolution of states from a non-equilibrium solid solution (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 126-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Despite the enormous variety of structural states that evolve from non-equilibrium solid solutions and despite the even larger number of models that have been proposed for them, it is becoming apparent that only a limited number of basic types of evolutionary paths exist.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987500979X
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the problem of fluctuations near first-order phase transformations in solids (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 132-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The recent experimental results on the phonon structure of b.c.c. Zr–Nb alloys are reviewed. The central (elastic) phonon peak is discussed in terms of quasi-static heterophase fluctuations which are postulated to form by thermal excitation to a coherent-metastable state and to decay by boundary collapse. This concept is extended qualitatively to the problem of fluctuations associated with first-order compositional transformations – clustering and ordering. It is suggested that quasi-static fluctuations should also occur near the coherent phase boundary for first-order compositional transformations. These fluctuations can be properly interpreted as small particles of the low-temperature phase. The model is used to discuss qualitatively the disorder to long-period and long-period to ideally ordered phase transitions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009855
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Applied mineralogy. Vol. 5. Apatite by D. McConnell (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 77-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009661
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mechanische anisotropie edited by H. P. Stüwe (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 78-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009685
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  • 92
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    Digitale Medien
    Clustering and ordering in solid solutions (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Theoretical models of order–disorder and clustering reactions in solid solutions are briefly reviewed. The simplest model is that based on the point-cluster expansion, or single-site average, which yields a generalized multicomponent Bragg–Williams, model. The contribution to the free energy which is quadratic in the configuration variables (harmonic portion) governs the behavior of high-temperature concentration fluctuations and of incipient Brillouin zone-center (clustering) and zone-boundary (ordering) instabilities. Anharmonic contributions determine the equilibrium structures. The description of states of partial order from knowledge of short-range-order intensity is briefly discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009703
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A general approach to the statistical mechanics of disordered binary alloys – theory and applications (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 107-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Some features and results of a general approach to the statistical mechanics of disordered binary alloys are briefly outlined. The general approach assists the authors to formulate criteria for the validity of the generalized mean-field model used for determining pair interaction energies from diffuse-scattering data. Some values for these pair interaction energies in certain alloys are presented and discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009739
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  • 94
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    Digitale Medien
    Three-dimensional X-ray diffuse scattering study of local atomic arrangements in Ni4Mo (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 115-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: To construct a three-dimensional model of the local atomic arrangements for solid solutions, it is preferable to have X-ray diffuse scattering measurements in three-dimensional space. Two such measurements have been made on a single-crystal of Ni4Mo as quenched from 1000°C and as annealed for 5 min at 650°C.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009752
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  • 95
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    Digitale Medien
    A method for the recovery of local order coefficients from two-dimensional intensity data for binary f.c.c. alloys (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 115-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A method is derived which permits the Cowley–Warren order parameters to be recovered from diffuse scattering measurements made in one plane in reciprocal space for systems with only short-range correlations. The procedure is demonstrated first by application to some at-temperature measurements on Cu3Au and then by considering some simulated diffraction profiles, with and without controlled errors. From the simulated scattering without error, an empirical rule is developed which allows one to decide if a given profile is amenable to this recovery method. By simulation of data with varying constant-background contributions, it is shown that such an error can be recognized and corrected.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009764
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    X-ray diffraction studies of Wüstite at high temperature (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 126-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Diffuse scattering from FexO was measured at 840°C. Relatively sharp peaks were observed along the [h00] direction near the NaCl-type fundamental peaks.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009788
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Long-wavelength neutron scattering studies of the decomposition of Al–Zn alloys (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 127-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Determination of whether a spinodal mechanism or a nucleation and growth mechanism giving rise to Guinier–Preston zones is responsible for the initial stages of the decomposition sequence of low-zinc-concentration aluminium alloys at room temperature.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875009806
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  • 98
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    Digitale Medien
    Antiphase domains and superlattice spot splitting in Cu3Au. I (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 206-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Lattice imaging by high-resolution electron microscopy has been utilized in the study of antiphase boundaries and antiphase domains in Cu3AuI. A displacement of half the 100 fringe spacing characterizes the antiphase boundary and, by following the trace of 100 fringes from one ordered domain to another, the relative phase of adjacent domains may be established. The technique has shown that the discrete ordered domains formed in the early stages of ordering in Cu3AuI are in small groups in which adjacent domains are in antiphase, with good correlation between the antiphase domain separation and the splitting of superlattice reflections in the corresponding diffraction patterns. It has also provided direct evidence that small regions of relatively high local degree of order (microdomains) exist in the disordered alloy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010205
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  • 99
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    Digitale Medien
    Lamellar intergrowth of orthoenstatite and clinoenstatite [(Mg,Fe)SiO3] studied by lattice imaging (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 212-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Deformation experiments under high static confining pressure and observations on tectonically deformed specimens have shown that orthoenstatite (space group Pbca) can be transformed to clinoenstatite (P21/c) by shear stress. The specimen used for the present study was prepared by ion-thinning from an orthoenstatite sample deformed at 800°C and 5 kb confining pressure at a strain rate of 10−4s−1.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010230
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On some integral aspects of the dynamical theory of electron diffraction (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 8 (1975), S. 220-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The dynamical theory of electron diffraction can be developed by using the basic statement of Bethe, H. [Ann. Phys. Lpz. (1928). 87, 55] or integral treatments. Integral methods allow us to introduce in a natural way the basic approximations of the dynamical theory of electron diffraction and are examined here.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889875010278
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