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  • Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory  (22)
  • English  (22)
  • Turkish
  • 1970-1974  (22)
  • 1
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-308
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Sea ice as a material. - Experimental procedures. - Results and analysis. - Conclusion. - Literature cited. - Appendix A. Error analysis. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: An investigation is made into the determination of the relationship between the extinction coefficient and the salinity of sea ice. A HeNe laser is used to propagate a beam of red light, of wavelength 6328Å, through a series of ice samples at -20°C. The optical extinction coefficients were calculated and plotted against the measured salinities. The results of the experiment indicated an exponential relationship between extinction coefficient and salinity. The relationship may be described by the equation: y = 2.41 + 0.001 exp (1.19x) where y is the extinction coefficient and x is the salinity.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 15 Seiten , Illutrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 308
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Call number: ZSP-202-301
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - 1.The flow of organic nutrients in plants in cold-dominated ecosystems and the influence of man's activities on this flow. - Methodology for extraction and estimation of plant lipids, alcohol and water-soluble carbohydrates, starch and fructans. - Seasonal cycles in lipids and alcohol-soluble carbohydrates in plants at Barrow, Alaska. - Biochemical changes in plants at the heated soil experiment at Barrow. - Literature cited. - II. Contributions of carbon dioxide from frozen soil into the arctic atmosphere. - Introduction. - Laboratory study. - Field study. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - III. Biochemical estimations of underground plant biomass. - Appendix A. Methodology. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Two approaches were used to study the carbon cycling in a cold-dominated ecosystem at Barrow, Alaska. One involved a detailed analysis of the flow of CO2 between the atmosphere, soil and biota and the other concentrated on the internal carbon cycling in plants. A pilot study was also conducted which investigated the possibility of estimating underground plant biomass by biochemical means. Both laboratory and field studies were conducted to analyze the input of CO2 to the arctic atmosphere by frozen tundra soils. Data are presented which indicate that frozen soil is a major source of CO2. It is hypothesized that CO2 trapped in soils during bi-directional freezing in the fall and winter is released during the spring thaw, thus producing a spring rise in CO2 content of the atmosphere. A procedure for the extraction and estimation of organic nutrients (lipids and carbohydrates) was developed and used to follow the seasonal cycle of these nutrients of plants obtained at Barrow, Alaska. No cycling in levels of carbohydrates (alcohol-soluble) was observed in the foliage during the season, however a definite cycling in lipid levels was seen for all the species studied. The species were synchronous. Plant survival and organic nutrient levels were followed during the winter over a heated-soil experiment at Barrow, Alaska. During the winter, the heating of the soil caused ponding which resulted in the elimination of Dupontia fischeri by mid-winter and the eventual death of all plants by spring. The carbohydrate levels indicated a starvation condition was created where a marked decrease in storage polymers (starch and fructans) occurred without a concurrent large increase in the alcohol-soluble carbohydrate levels. An increase in the fresh/dry weight ratios was also observed indicating etiolated, succulent growth in early winter. Four techniques were tried for estimating the below-ground biomass of plants. Two of these were eliminated as unsuitable, however two other methods(ATP and phospholipid-levels) remain to be fully evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 301
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-298
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Abstract. - I. Introduction. - II. A statistical theory of trafficability. - Statistical descriptions of trafficability. - Statistical modeling of trafficability. - Trafficability in a variable space with comparison to a fixed space. - III. Statistical description of sea ice. - Homogeneous, isotropic, and normal random function. - Upper bound of probability for finding an obstacle derived from two-point probability density function. - IV. Design criteria of a SEV derived from sea ice surface roughness. - Literature cited. - Appendix: Statistics of a variable space.
    Description / Table of Contents: Efforts were made to derive the design criteria of surface effect vehicles operated on arctic sea ice. Statistical theories were developed to describe trafficability of the vehicles and topography of the sea ice. By the use of actual sea ice surface profiles obtained by an aerial laser profiler, the usefulness of the present statistical method was demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 298
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-287
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: Hugoniot curves were generated from simultaneous measurements of shock and free-surface velocities, obtained from samples of frozen Fairbanks (Fox) silt, using the exploding wire technique. The abrupt change in slope of the Us-Up Hugoniot is indicative of a phase change. The shape of the P-V Hugoniot suggests that the transformation begins immediately but does not go to completion. This means that, although the pressure lies slightly above the Rayleigh line through the mixed phase region, the slope does not increase as rapidly as it would if the material had stayed in the initial phase.
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Conversion factors. - Introduction. - Test procedure. - Test results. - Discussion. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Hugoniot data. - Abstract.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 287
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-289
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Materials and methods. - Materials. - Methods. - Results and discussion. - Literature cited. - Appendix A.
    Description / Table of Contents: Clay mineral and soil samples were subjected to neutron activation analysis in order to identify and measure the abundances of trace elements having radionuclides with long half-lives. After exposure of cadmium-shielded samples to neutrons for a period of five days, the gamma radiation associated with the decay of the resulting radionuclides was observed using a high resolution Ge(Li) detector. Trace elements identified without prior chemical separation using the gross gamma-ray spectra included Fe, Zn, Ti, Ni, Co, Cr, Sr, Ba, Ca, La, Eu, Tb, Hf, Ta, Th, and U. It should be possible to determine quantitatively the amount of each of these elements. This is a considerable improvement over the number of elements determined in soils previously by activation analysis without destructive chemical treatments.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 27 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 289
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-286
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS : Introduction. - Basic analysis. - Part I: Far field surface motion. - A single oscillating source. - A group of forces over a finite area. - Part II: Near field study. - Motion at center of source. - Approximation of displacements. - Conclusion. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Wave propagation generated by vibratory load on a homogeneous, isotropic, linear viscoelastic half-space is studied. The effect of a single concentrated force and a group of forces applied over a circular area has been examined and solutions of the displacement functions are presented. In the case of the group forces, the three types of force distribution used by Reissner and Sung were employed. At a great distance (far field) from the applied load, surface displacements are reduced to closed form expressions. A field method based on these results is recommended for determining the complex modulus and the damping property of a viscoelastic material. For areas near the source (near field), numerical procedures were employed to evaluate the integral solution. To facilitate the application, two simplified versions are provided for calculating the center displacement under the load. They both provide good approximation to the integral solution and, most important of all, they speed up the computation enormously
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 33 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 286
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-281
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: The solution for the vibration of an elastic plate floating on water is developed. The water is assumed to be incompressible and to have irrotational flow. In free vibration upon release of the plate, the maximum negative rebound of the deflection is 25%. For forced vibration, the steady state part of the solution shows that there is a frequency at which the deflection is a maximum. The stresses become a maximum at a frequency higher than the one for deflection. These critical frequencies depend upon the plate's characteristic length and the depth of the water. For most situations the critical frequency for stress is less than 0.2 cycle per second. At this critical frequency the stresses are amplified over the static case by a factor less than 10%.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ii, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 281
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Call number: ZSP-292-288
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface. - List of symbols. - Introduction. - Adsorption of volatile chemicals by soil. - Introduction. - Experimental procedure. - Results and discussion. - Diffusion of volatile chemicals in soil. - Introduction. - Experimental procedure. - Calculations. - Results and discussion. - Prediction of vapor diffusion in soil. - Introduction. - Construction of model. - Computations. - Results and discussion. - A statistical method for analysis of diffusion through soil. - Introduction. - Theory. - Application. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Detection of mines, explosives, and tunnels may be accomplished by sensing associated volatile effluvia. This investigation was undertaken to provide a basis for predicting the diffusion of volatile compounds from underground sources into the atmosphere. Diffusion of a volatile compound was studied for a range of soil conditions utilizing soils from the mine detection sites in Puerto Rico. A new mathematical analysis based on the Monte Carlo method was developed for predicting vapor diffusion through soil into the atmosphere. It was determined that diffusion in soil can be reliably predicted if soil porosity, moisture content, and affinity for the compound are known. Appearance in the atmosphere is also dependent on accumulation of the compound in air at the soil/atmosphere interface. Diffusion of volatile compounds through soil into the atmosphere is not likely to be an important factor in tunnel detection due to depth of overburden. However, adsorption of compounds at tunnel walls is likely to significantly reduce the amount of vapor appearing in the atmosphere through entrances and vents. Detection in the atmosphere of TNT vapor from mines and explosives buried in moist, porous soil should be possible under ideal sample collection conditions.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 43 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 288
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-279
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Nomenclature. - Introduction. - Basic equations. - Equation of motion. - Equation of continuity. - Artificial viscosity. - Equation of state. - Equation of motion. - Equation of continuity. - Artificial viscosity. - Equation of state. - Finite difference approximation. - Equation of motion. - Equation of continuity. - Artificial viscosity. - Equation of state. - Boundary conditions. - Results and discussion. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: A finite difference method for predicting the effect of shock waves on a circular cylindrical cavity in elastic-plastic media was studied. A two-dimensional Lagrangean code was found quite satisfactory. Attenuation of the shock waves through the cavity and the deformation of the cavity wall were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 23 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 279
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-244
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Summer temperature data. - Station network and history. - Parameters for data reduction. - Analysis of summer temperatures. - Temperature trends. - Summer temperatures in the highlands. - Lapse rates for summer temperatures. - Spatial variation of summer temperatures. - Summary. - Literature cited. - Appendix A. - Appendix B. - Appendix C. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Annual degree-day summations over bases of 43°F and 50°F in 15-day periods from May through August are given for the period of record for five interior Alaska climatic stations. Average temperature and precipitation data are included. Patterns of summer temperature in interior Alaska are analyzed in terms of historical, elevational and areal differences. Since 1900, summer temperatures show little long-term change but significant short-term changes. In contrast, winter temperatures show considerable fluctuations, which are reflected in mean annual temperatures to a much greater degree than are summer temperature fluctuations. Average summer lapse rates for the 1600 to 3300 and 3300 to 6600-ft levels were 3.4 and 3.7°F/1000 ft, respectively, based on timberline temperature observations and on upper air data from Fairbanks. Correlation analysis of daily and monthly average July temperatures indicates areas of uniformity with respect to temperature variation. This provides information on lowland climatic stations that are representative of highland locations, especially the Yukon-Tanana Uplands
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 37 Seiten , Illustrationen, Karten
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 244
    Language: English
    Location: AWI Archive
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