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  • 1
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    Optimised use of data fusion and memory‐based learning with an Austrian soil library for predictions with infrared data (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-12
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Infrared spectroscopy in the visible to near‐infrared (vis–NIR) and mid‐infrared (MIR) regions is a well‐established approach for the prediction of soil properties. Different data fusion and training approaches exist, and the optimal procedures are yet undefined and may depend on the heterogeneity present in the set and on the considered scale. The objectives were to test the usefulness of partial least squares regressions (PLSRs) for soil organic carbon (SOC), total carbon (C〈sub〉t〈/sub〉), total nitrogen (N〈sub〉t〈/sub〉) and pH using vis–NIR and MIR spectroscopy for an independent validation after standard calibration (use of a general PLSR model) or using memory‐based learning (MBL) with and without spiking for a national spectral database. Data fusion approaches were simple concatenation of spectra, outer product analysis (OPA) and model averaging. In total, 481 soils from an Austrian forest soil archive were measured in the vis–NIR and MIR regions, and regressions were calculated. Fivefold calibration‐validation approaches were carried out with a region‐related split of spectra to implement independent validations with n ranging from 47 to 99 soils in different folds. MIR predictions were generally superior over vis–NIR predictions. For all properties, optimal predictions were obtained with data fusion, with OPA and spectra concatenation outperforming model averaging. The greatest robustness of performance was found for OPA and MBL with spiking with 〈italic toggle="no"〉R〈/italic〉〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 ≥ 0.77 (N), 0.85 (SOC), 0.86 (pH) and 0.88 (C〈sub〉t〈/sub〉) in the validations of all folds. Overall, the results indicate that the combination of OPA for vis–NIR and MIR spectra with MBL and spiking has a high potential to accurately estimate properties when using large‐scale soil spectral libraries as reference data. However, the reduction of cost‐effectiveness using two spectrometers needs to be weighed against the potential increase in accuracy compared to a single MIR spectroscopy approach.〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; data fusion ; independent validation ; infrared spectroscopy ; MBL ; nitrogen ; outer product analysis ; pH ; soil organic carbon ; spiking ; total carbon
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Importance of catchment hydrological processes and calibration of hydrological‐hydrodynamic rainfall‐runoff models in small rural catchments (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉In recent years, many two‐dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic models have been extended to include the direct rainfall method (DRM). This allows their application as a hydrological‐hydrodynamic model for the determination of floodplains in one model system. In previous studies on DRM, the role of catchment hydrological processes (CaHyPro) and its interaction with the calibration process was not investigated in detail. In the present, case‐oriented study, the influence of the spatiotemporal distribution of the processes precipitation and runoff formation in combination with the 2D model HEC‐RAS is investigated. In a further step, a conceptual approach for event‐based interflow is integrated. The study is performed on the basis of a single storm event in a small rural catchment (low mountain range, 38 km〈sup〉2〈/sup〉) in Hesse (Germany). The model results are evaluated against six quality criteria and compared to a simplified baseline model. Finally, the calibrated improved model is contrasted with a calibrated baseline model. The results show the enhancement of the model results due to the integration of the CaHyPro and highlight its interplay with the calibrated model parameters.〈/p〉
    Keywords: ddc:551.48 ; 2D hydrodynamic modeling ; calibration ; direct rainfall modeling ; hydrological processes ; radar data ; runoff formation
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Redoxtrons – An experimental system to study redox processes within the capillary fringe (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
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    Publication Date: 2023-11-18
    Description: Spatiotemporal characterisation of the soil redox status within the capillary fringe (CF) is a challenging task. Air‐filled porosities (ε), oxygen concentration (O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) and soil redox potential (EH) are interrelated soil variables within active biogeochemical domains such as the CF. We investigated the impact of water table (WT) rise and drainage in an undisturbed topsoil and subsoil sample taken from a Calcaric Gleysol for a period of 46 days. We merged 1D (EH and matric potential) and 2D (O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) systems to monitor at high spatiotemporal resolution redox dynamics within self‐constructed redoxtron housings and complemented the data set by a 3D pore network characterization using X‐ray microtomography (X‐ray μCT). Depletion of O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 was faster in the organic matter‐ and clay‐rich aggregated topsoil and the CF extended 〉10 cm above the artificial WT. The homogeneous and less‐aggregated subsoil extended only 4 cm above the WT as indicated by ε–O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉–EH data during saturation. After drainage, 2D O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 imaging revealed a fast aeration towards the lower depths of the topsoil, which agrees with the connected ε derived by X‐ray μCT (ε〈sub〉CT_conn〈/sub〉) of 14.9% of the total porosity. However, small‐scaled anoxic domains with O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 saturation 〈5% were apparent even after lowering the WT (down to 0.25 cm〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 in size) for 23 days. These domains remained a nucleus for reducing soil conditions (E〈sub〉H〈/sub〉 〈 −100 mV), which made it challenging to characterise the soil redox status in the CF. In contrast, the subsoil aeration reached O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 saturation after 8 days for the complete soil volume. Values of ε〈sub〉CT_conn〈/sub〉 around zero in the subsoil highlighted that soil aeration was independent of this parameter suggesting that other variables such as microbial activity must be considered when predicting the soil redox status from ε alone. The use of redoxtrons in combination with localised redox‐measurements and image based pore space analysis resulted in a better 2D/3D characterisation of the pore system and related O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 transport properties. This allowed us to analyse the distribution and activity of microbiological niches highly associated with the spatiotemporal variable redox dynamics in soil environments. Highlights: The time needed to turn from reducing to oxidising (period where all platinum electrodes feature E〈sub〉H〈/sub〉 〉 300 mV) condition differ for two samples with contrasting soil structure. The subsoil with presumably low O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 consumption rates aerated considerably faster than the topsoil and exclusively by O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 diffusion through medium‐ and fine‐sized pores. To derive the soil redox status based upon the triplet ε–O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉–E〈sub〉H〈/sub〉 is challenging at present in heterogeneous soil domains and larger soil volumes than 250 cm〈sup〉3〈/sup〉. Undisturbed soil sampling along with 2D/3D redox measurement systems (e.g., redoxtrons) improve our understanding of redox dynamics within the capillary fringe.
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; environmental monitoring ; incubation experiments ; redox processes ; soil reducing conditions ; undisturbed soil ; X‐ray microtomography
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    The dilemma of analytical method changes for soil organic carbon in long‐term experiments (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-17
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈sec xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="ejss13362-sec-1003" xml:lang="en"〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉Long‐term experiments (LTEs) have provided data to modellers and agronomists to investigate changes and dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) under different cropping systems. As treatment changes have occurred due to agricultural advancements, so too have analytical soil methods. This may lead to method bias over time, which could affect the robust interpretation of data and conclusions drawn. This study aims to quantify differences in SOC due to changes in dry combustion methods over time, using soil samples of a LTE established in 1963 that focuses on mineral and organic fertilizer management in the temperate zone of Northeast Germany. For this purpose, 1059 soil samples, collected between 1976 and 2008, have been analysed twice, once with their historical laboratory method right after sampling, and a second time in 2016 when all samples were analysed using the same elementary analyser. In 9 of 11 soil sampling campaigns, a paired 〈italic toggle="no"〉t〈/italic〉‐test provided evidence for significant differences in the historical SOC values when compared with the re‐analysed concentrations of the same LTE sample. In the sampling years 1988 and 2004, the historical analysis obtained about 0.9 g kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 lower SOC compared with the re‐analysed one. For 1990 and 1998, this difference was about 0.4 g kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉. Correction factors, an approach often used to correct for different analytical techniques, could only be applied for 5 of 11 sampling campaigns to account for constant and proportional systematic method error. For this particular LTE, the interpretation of SOC changes due to agronomic management (here fertilization) deviates depending on the analytical method used, which may weaken the explanatory power of the historical data. We demonstrate that analytical method changes over time present one of many challenges in the interpretation of time series data of SOC dynamics. Therefore, LTE site managers need to ensure providing all necessary protocols and data in order to retrace method changes and if necessary recalculate SOC.〈/p〉 〈/sec〉〈sec xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="ejss13362-sec-0003" xml:lang="en"〉 〈title〉Highlights〈/title〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉〈list list-type="bullet" id="ejss13362-list-0001"〉 〈list-item id="ejss13362-li-0001"〉〈p〉A total of 1059 LTE soil samples taken between 1976 and 2008 were re‐analysed for SOC in 2016〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item id="ejss13362-li-0002"〉〈p〉Several methodological changes for SOC determination led to significant different SOC concentration in the same sample〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item id="ejss13362-li-0003"〉〈p〉Interpretation and time series of LTE soil data suffer from consideration of analytical method changes and poor documentation of the same〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item id="ejss13362-li-0004"〉〈p〉Soil archive establishment, thorough method protocols and diligent proficiency testing after soil method changes ameliorate the dilemma〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈/list〉〈/p〉 〈/sec〉
    Description: Brandenburger Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kultur http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004581
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004937
    Description: https://doi.org/10.4228/zalf-acge-b683
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; Bland–Altman ; carbon stocks ; data trueness ; Deming regression ; method bias ; soil archive ; soil survey
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Toward an adequate level of detail in flood risk assessments (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-24
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Flood risk assessments require different disciplines to understand and model the underlying components hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Many methods and data sets have been refined considerably to cover more details of spatial, temporal, or process information. We compile case studies indicating that refined methods and data have a considerable effect on the overall assessment of flood risk. But are these improvements worth the effort? The adequate level of detail is typically unknown and prioritization of improvements in a specific component is hampered by the lack of an overarching view on flood risk. Consequently, creating the dilemma of potentially being too greedy or too wasteful with the resources available for a risk assessment. A “sweet spot” between those two would use methods and data sets that cover all relevant known processes without using resources inefficiently. We provide three key questions as a qualitative guidance toward this “sweet spot.” For quantitative decision support, more overarching case studies in various contexts are needed to reveal the sensitivity of the overall flood risk to individual components. This could also support the anticipation of unforeseen events like the flood event in Germany and Belgium in 2021 and increase the reliability of flood risk assessments.〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: BMBF http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: Federal Environment Agency http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010809
    Description: http://howas21.gfz-potsdam.de/howas21/
    Description: https://www.umwelt.niedersachsen.de/startseite/themen/wasser/hochwasser_amp_kustenschutz/hochwasserrisikomanagement_richtlinie/hochwassergefahren_und_hochwasserrisikokarten/hochwasserkarten-121920.html
    Description: https://download.geofabrik.de/europe/germany.html
    Description: https://emergency.copernicus.eu/mapping/list-of-components/EMSN024
    Description: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/collection/id-0054
    Description: https://oasishub.co/dataset/surface-water-flooding-footprinthurricane-harvey-august-2017-jba
    Description: https://www.wasser.sachsen.de/hochwassergefahrenkarte-11915.html
    Keywords: ddc:551.48 ; decision support ; extreme events ; integrated flood risk management ; risk assessment
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    BODIUM—A systemic approach to model the dynamics of soil functions (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
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    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉The increasing demand for biomass for food, animal feed, fibre and bioenergy requires optimization of soil productivity, while at the same time, protecting other soil functions such as nutrient cycling and buffering, carbon storage, habitat for biological activity and water filter and storage. Therefore, one of the main challenges for sustainable agriculture is to produce high yields while maintaining all the other soil functions. Mechanistic simulation models are an essential tool to fully understand and predict the complex interactions between physical, biological and chemical processes of soils that generate those functions. We developed a soil model to simulate the impact of various agricultural management options and climate change on soil functions by integrating the relevant processes mechanistically and in a systemic way. As a special feature, we include the dynamics of soil structure induced by tillage and biological activity, which is especially relevant in arable soils. The model operates on a 1D soil profile consisting of a number of discrete layers with dynamic thickness. We demonstrate the model performance by simulating crop growth, root growth, nutrient and water uptake, nitrogen cycling, soil organic matter turnover, microbial activity, water distribution and soil structure dynamics in a long‐term field experiment including different crops and different types and levels of fertilization. The model is able to capture essential features that are measured regularly including crop yield, soil organic carbon, and soil nitrogen. In this way, the plausibility of the implemented processes and their interactions is confirmed. Furthermore, we present the results of explorative simulations comparing scenarios with and without tillage events to analyse the effect of soil structure on soil functions. Since the model is process‐based, we are confident that the model can also be used to predict quantities that have not been measured or to estimate the effect of management measures and climate states not yet been observed. The model thus has the potential to predict the site‐specific impact of management decisions on soil functions, which is of great importance for the development of a sustainable agriculture that is currently also on the agenda of the ‘Green Deal’ at the European level.〈/p〉
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: https://git.ufz.de/bodium/bodium_v1.0
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; agriculture ; computational model ; simulation ; soil microbiology ; soil structure ; sustainable soil
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Small lateral air pressure gradients generated by a large chamber system have a strong effect on CO2 transport in soil (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-09
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Gas transport in soils is usually assumed to be purely diffusive, although several studies have shown that non‐diffusive processes can significantly enhance soil gas transport. These processes include barometric air pressure changes, wind‐induced pressure pumping and static air pressure fields generated by wind interacting with obstacles. The associated pressure gradients in the soil can cause advective gas fluxes that are much larger than diffusive fluxes. However, the contributions of the respective transport processes are difficult to separate. We developed a large chamber system to simulate pressure fields and investigate their influence on soil gas transport. The chamber consists of four subspaces in which pressure is regulated by fans that blow air in or out of the chamber. With this setup, we conducted experiments with oscillating and static pressure fields. CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 concentrations were measured along two soil profiles beneath the chamber. We found a significant relationship between static lateral pressure gradients and the change in the CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 profiles (R〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 = 0.53; 〈italic toggle="no"〉p〈/italic〉‐value 〈2e‐16). Even small pressure gradients between −1 and 1 Pa relative to ambient pressure resulted in an increase or decrease in CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 concentrations of 8% on average in the upper soil, indicating advective flow of air in the pore space. Positive pressure gradients resulted in decreasing, negative pressure gradients in increasing CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 concentrations. The concentration changes were probably caused by an advective flow field in the soil beneath the chamber generated by the pressure gradients. No effect of oscillating pressure fields was observed in this study. The results indicate that static lateral pressure gradients have a substantial impact on soil gas transport and therefore are an important driver of gas exchange between soil and atmosphere. Lateral pressure gradients in a comparable range can be induced under windy conditions when wind interacts with terrain features. They can also be caused by chambers used for flux measurements at high wind speed or by fans used for head‐space mixing within the chambers, which yields biased flux estimates.〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; advective flux ; chamber flux measurements ; static air pressure fields ; wind‐induced pressure pumping
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Temperature and soil moisture change microbial allocation of pesticide‐derived carbon (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-18
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Temperature and soil moisture are known to control pesticide mineralization. Half‐life times (DT〈sub〉50〈/sub〉) derived from pesticide mineralization curves generally indicate longer residence times at low soil temperature and moisture but do not consider potential changes in the microbial allocation of pesticide‐derived carbon (C). We aimed to determine carbon use efficiency (CUE, formation of new biomass relative to total C uptake) to better understand microbial utilization of pesticide‐derived C under different environmental conditions and to support the conventional description of degradation dynamics based on mineralization. We performed a microcosm experiment at two MCPA (2‐methyl‐4‐chlorophenoxyacetic acid) concentrations (1 and 20 mg kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉) and defined 20°C/pF 1.8 as optimal and 10°C/pF 3.5 as limiting environmental conditions. After 4 weeks, 70% of the initially applied MCPA was mineralized under optimal conditions but MCPA mineralization reached less than 25% under limiting conditions. However, under limiting conditions, an increase in CUE was observed, indicating a shift towards anabolic utilization of MCPA‐derived C. In this case, increased C assimilation implied C storage or the formation of precursor compounds to support resistance mechanisms, rather than actual growth since we did not find an increase in the 〈italic toggle="no"〉tfdA〈/italic〉 gene relevant to MCPA degradation. We were able to confirm the assumption that under limiting conditions, C assimilation increases relative to mineralization and that C redistribution, may serve as an explanation for the difference between mineralization and MCPA dissipation‐derived degradation dynamics. In addition, by introducing CUE to the temperature‐ and moisture‐dependent degradation of pesticides, we can capture the underlying microbial constraints and adaptive mechanisms to changing environmental conditions.〈/p〉
    Description: 〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Changing environmental conditions alter the MCPA degradation dynamics and the allocation of pesticide‐derived carbon to anabolic or catabolic metabolism.〈boxed-text position="anchor" content-type="graphic" id="ejss13417-blkfxd-0001" xml:lang="en"〉 〈graphic position="anchor" id="jats-graphic-1" xlink:href="urn:x-wiley:13510754:media:ejss13417:ejss13417-toc-0001"〉 〈/graphic〉 〈/boxed-text〉〈/p〉
    Description: Collaborative Research Center 1253 CAMPOS (DFG)
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: DFG Priority Program 2322 “Soil System”
    Description: Ellrichshausen Foundation
    Description: Research Training Group “Integrated Hydrosystem modeling”
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5081655
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; anabolism ; carbon use efficiency ; catabolism ; effect of soil moisture and temperature ; gene‐centric process model ; MCPA biodegradation
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  • 9
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    Vertical SOC distribution and aromatic carbon in centuries old charcoal‐rich Technosols (2022)
    Bonhage, Alexander ; Raab, Thomas ; Schneider, Anna ; [et al.]
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
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    Publication Date: 2023-01-21
    Description: Charcoal‐rich Technosols on century‐old relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are the subject of ongoing research regarding potential legacy effects that result from historic charcoal production and subsequent charcoal amendments on forest soil properties and forest ecosystems today. RCHs consist mostly of Auh horizons that are substantially enriched in soil organic carbon (SOC), of which the largest part seems to be of pyrogenic origin (PyC). However, the reported range of SOC and PyC contents in RCH soil also suggests that they are enriched in nonpyrogenic SOC. RCH soils are discussed as potential benchmarks for the long‐term influence of biochar amendment and the post‐wildfire influences on soil properties. In this study, we utilised a large soil sample dataset (n = 1245) from 52 RCH sites in north‐western Connecticut, USA, to quantify SOC contents by total element analysis. The contents of condensed highly aromatic carbon as a proxy for black carbon (BC) were predicted by using a modified benzene polycarboxylated acid (BPCA) marker method in combination with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy‐based partial least square regression (r2 = 0.89). A high vertical spatial sampling resolution allowed the identification of soil organic matter (SOM) enrichment and translocation processes. The results show an average 75% and 1862% increase in TOC and BPCA‐derived carbon, respectively, for technogenic Auh horizons compared to reference soils. In addition to an increase in aromatic properties, increased carboxylic properties of the RCH SOC suggest self‐humification effects of degrading charcoal and thereby the continuing formation of leachable aromatic carbon compounds, which could have effects on pedogenic processes in buried soils. Indeed, we show BPCA‐derived carbon concentrations in intermediate technogenic Cu horizons and buried top/subsoils that suggest vertical translocation of highly aromatic carbon originating in RCH Auh horizons. Topmost Auh horizons showed a gradual decrease in total organic carbon (TOC) contents with increasing depth, suggesting accumulation of recent, non‐pyrogenic SOM. Lower aliphatic absorptions in RCH soil spectra suggest different SOM turnover dynamics compared to reference soils. Furthermore, studied RCH soils featured additional TOC enrichment, which cannot be fully explained now. Highlights BC to TOC ratio and high resolution vertical SOC distribution in 52 RCH sites were studied. RCH soils non‐BC pool was potentially different to reference soils. RCH soils feature TOC accumulation in the topmost horizon. There is BC translocation into buried soils on RCH sites.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; benzene polycarboxylated acid marker (BPCA) ; black carbon ; charcoal degradation ; charcoal kiln ; pyrogenic carbon ; relict charcoal hearth ; biochar
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Inspecting the Reliability of Geochemical Facies Identified for the Waterworks' Capture Zone in Germany (2022)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Malden, US
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-27
    Description: Little research attention has been given to validating clusters obtained from the groundwater geochemistry of the waterworks' capture zone with a prevailing lake‐groundwater exchange. To address this knowledge gap, we proposed a new scheme whereby Gaussian finite mixture modeling (GFMM) and Spike‐and‐Slab Bayesian (SSB) algorithms were utilized to cluster the groundwater geochemistry while quantifying the probability of the resulting cluster membership against each other. We applied GFMM and SSB to 13 geochemical parameters collected during different sampling periods at 13 observation points across the Barnim Highlands plateau located in the northeast of Berlin, Germany; this included 10 observation wells, two lakes, and a gallery of drinking production wells. The cluster analysis of GFMM yielded nine clusters, either with a probability ≥0.8, while the SSB produced three hierarchical clusters with a probability of cluster membership varying from 〈0.2 to 〉0.8. The findings demonstrated that the clustering results of GFMM were in good agreement with the classification as per the principal component analysis and Piper diagram. By superimposing the parameter clustering onto the observation clustering, we could identify discrepancies that exist among the parameters of a certain cluster. This enables the identification of different factors that may control the geochemistry of a certain cluster, although parameters of that cluster share a strong similarity. The GFMM results have shown that from 2002, there has been active groundwater inflow from the lakes towards the capture zone. This means that it is necessary to adopt appropriate measures to reverse the inflow towards the lakes.
    Description: Article impact statement: The probability of cluster membership quantified using an algorithm should be validated against another probabilistic‐based classifier.
    Description: Federal Ministry of Education and Research http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Keywords: ddc:551.9 ; ddc:551.49
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Application of mixed‐effects modelling and rule‐based models to explain copper variation in soil profiles of southern Germany (2022)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-01
    Description: Copper (Cu) is an essential element for plants and microorganisms and at larger concentrations a toxic pollutant. A number of factors controlling Cu dynamics have been reported, but information on quantitative relationships is scarce. We aimed to (i) quantitatively describe and predict soil Cu concentrations (CuAR) in aqua regia considering site‐specific effects and effects of pH, soil organic carbon (SOC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC), and (ii) study the suitability of mixed‐effects modelling and rule‐based models for the analysis of long‐term soil monitoring data. Thirteen uncontaminated long‐term monitoring soil profiles in southern Germany were analysed. Since there was no measurable trend of increasing CuAR concentrations with time in the respective depth ranges of the sites, data from different sampling dates were combined and horizon‐specific regression analyses including model simplifications were carried out for 10 horizons. Fixed‐ and mixed‐effects models with the site as a random effect were useful for the different horizons and significant contributions (either of main effects or interactions) of SOC, CEC and pH were present for 9, 8 and 7 horizons, respectively. Horizon‐specific rule‐based cubist models described the CuAR data similarly well. Validations of cubist models and mixed‐effects models for the CuAR concentrations in A horizons were successful for the given population after random splitting into calibration and validation samples, but not after independent validations with random splitting according to sites. Overall, site, CEC, SOC and pH provide important information for a description of CuAR concentrations using the different regression approaches. Highlights: Information on quantitative relationships for factors controlling Cu dynamics is scarce. Site, CEC, SOC and pH provide important information for a description of Cu concentrations. Validations of cubist models and mixed‐effects models for A horizons were successful for a closed population of sites.
    Description: Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Consumer Protection http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010219
    Description: Ministry of Agriculture and Environment Mecklenburg‐Western Pomerania
    Keywords: ddc:631.4
    Language: English
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    Millimetre scale aeration of the rhizosphere and drilosphere (2022)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-04
    Description: Soil aeration is a critical factor for oxygen‐limited subsoil processes, as transport by diffusion and advection is restricted by the long distance to the free atmosphere. Oxygen transport into the soil matrix is highly dependent on its connectivity to larger pore channels like earthworm and root colonised biopores. Here we hypothesize that the soil matrix around biopores represents different connectivity depending on biopore genesis and actual coloniser. We analysed the soil pore system of undisturbed soil core samples around biopores generated or colonised by roots and earthworms and compared them with the pore system of soil, not in the immediacy of a biopore. Oxygen partial pressure profiles and gas relative diffusion was measured in the rhizosphere and drilosphere from the biopore wall into the bulk soil with microelectrodes. The measurements were linked with structural features such as porosity and connectivity obtained from X‐ray tomography and image analysis. Aeration was enhanced in the soil matrix surrounding biopores in comparison to the bulk soil, shown by higher oxygen concentrations and higher relative diffusion coefficients. Biopores colonised by roots presented more connected lateral pores than earthworm colonised ones, which resulted in enhanced aeration of the rhizosphere compared to the drilosphere. This has influenced biotic processes (microbial turnover/mineralization or root respiration) at biopore interfaces and highlights the importance of microstructural features for soil processes and their dependency on the biopore's coloniser.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:631.4
    Language: English
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    Response of subsoil organic matter contents and physical properties to long‐term, high‐rate farmyard manure application (2022)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-26
    Description: Application of farmyard manure (FYM) is common practice to improve physical and chemical properties of arable soil and crop yields. However, studies on effects of FYM application mainly focussed on topsoils, whereas subsoils have rarely been addressed so far. We, therefore, investigated the effects of 36‐year FYM application with different rates of annual organic carbon (OC) addition (0, 469, 938 and 1875 g C m−2 a−1) on OC contents of a Chernozem in 0–30 cm (topsoil) and 35–45 cm (subsoil) depth. We also investigated its effects on soil structure and hydraulic properties in subsoil. X‐ray computed tomography was used to analyse the response of the subsoil macropore system (≥19 μm) and the distribution of particulate organic matter (POM) to different FYM applications, which were related to contents in total OC (TOC) and water‐extractable OC (WEOC). We show that FYM‐C application of 469 g C m−2 a−1 caused increases in TOC and WEOC contents only in the topsoil, whereas rates of ≥938 g C m−2 a−1 were necessary for TOC enrichment also in the subsoil. At this depth, the subdivision of TOC into different OC sources shows that most of the increase was due to fresh POM, likely by the stimulation of root growth and bioturbation. The increase in subsoil TOC went along with increases in macroporosity and macropore connectivity. We neither observed increases in plant‐available water capacity nor in unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. In conclusion, only very high application of FYM over long periods can increase OC content of subsoil at our study site, but this increase is largely based on fresh, easily degradable POM and likely accompanied by high C losses when considering the discrepancy between OC addition rate by FYM and TOC response in soil. Highlights A new image processing procedure to distinguish fresh and decomposed POM. The increase of subsoil C stock based to a large extend on fresh, labile POM. Potential of arable subsoils for long‐term C storage by large FYM application rates is limited. The increase in TOC has no effect on hydraulic properties of the subsoil.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:631.4
    Language: English
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    Potential erodibility of semi‐arid steppe soils derived from aggregate stability tests (2022)
    Koza, Moritz ; Pöhlitz, Julia ; Prays, Aleksey ; [et al.]
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-26
    Description: Erosion is a severe threat to the sustainable use of agricultural soils. However, the structural resistance of soil against the disruptive forces steppe soils experience under field conditions has not been investigated. Therefore, 132 topsoils under grass‐ and cropland covering a large range of physico‐chemical soil properties (sand: 2–76%, silt: 18–80%, clay: 6–30%, organic carbon: 7.3–64.2 g kg−1, inorganic carbon: 0.0–8.5 g kg−1, pH: 4.8–9.5, electrical conductivity: 32–946 μS cm−1) from northern Kazakhstan were assessed for their potential erodibility using several tests. An adjusted drop‐shatter method (low energy input of 60 Joule on a 250‐cm3 soil block) was used to estimate the stability of dry soil against weak mechanical forces, such as saltating particles striking the surface causing wind erosion. Three wetting treatments with various conditions and energies (fast wetting, slow wetting, and wet shaking) were applied to simulate different disruptive effects of water. Results indicate that aggregate stability was higher for grassland than cropland soils and declined with decreasing soil organic carbon content. The results of the drop‐shatter test suggested that 29% of the soils under cropland were at risk of wind erosion, but only 6% were at high risk (i.e. erodible fraction 〉60%). In contrast, the fast wetting treatment revealed that 54% of the samples were prone to become “very unstable” and 44% “unstable” during heavy rain or snowmelt events. Even under conditions comparable to light rain events or raindrop impact, 53–59% of the samples were “unstable.” Overall, cropland soils under semi‐arid conditions seem much more susceptible to water than wind erosion. Considering future projections of increasing precipitation in Kazakhstan, we conclude that the risk of water erosion is potentially underestimated and needs to be taken into account when developing sustainable land use strategies. Highlights Organic matter is the important binding agent enhancing aggregation in steppe topsoils. Tillage always declines aggregate stability even without soil organic carbon changes. All croplands soil are prone to wind or water erosion independent of their soil properties. Despite the semi‐arid conditions, erosion risk by water seems higher than by wind.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; climate change ; land use ; soil organic carbon ; soil texture ; water erosion ; wind erosion
    Language: English
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    Non‐exchangeable stable hydrogen isotope ratios in clay minerals and soil clay fractions: A method test (2022)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-20
    Description: Stable hydrogen isotope ratios (δ2H values) in structural hydroxyl groups of pedogenic clay minerals are inherited from the surrounding water at the time of their formation. Only non‐exchangeable H preserves the environmental forensic and paleoclimate information (δ2Hn value). To measure δ2Hn values in structural H of clay minerals and soil clay fractions, we adapted a steam equilibration method by accounting for high hygroscopicity. Our δ2Hn values for USGS57 biotite (−95.3 ± SD 0.9‰) and USGS58 muscovite (30.7 ± 1.4‰) differed slightly but significantly from the reported δ2H values (−91.5 ± 2.4‰ and −28.4 ± 1.6‰), because the minerals contained 1.1%–4.4% of exchangeable H. The low SD of replicate measurements (n = 3) confirmed a high precision. The clay separation method including destruction of Fe oxides, carbonates and soil organic matter, and dispersion did not significantly change the δ2Hn values of five different clay minerals. However, we were unable to remove all organic matter from the soil clay fractions resulting in an estimated bias of 1‰ in two samples and 15‰ in the carbon‐richest sample. Our results demonstrate that δ2Hn values of structural H of clay minerals and soil clay fractions can be reliably measured without interference from atmospheric water and the method used to separate the soil clay fraction. Highlights We tested steam equilibration to determine stable isotope ratios of structural H in clay. Gas‐tight capsule sealing in Ar atmosphere was necessary to avoid remoistening. Our steam equilibration method showed a high accuracy and precision. The clay separation method did not change stable isotope ratios of structural H in clay.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:549 ; controlled isotope exchange technique ; deuterium ; montmorillonite ; soil clay separation ; soil organic matter removal ; steam equilibration ; structural H ; USGS57 biotite ; vermiculite ; δ2H
    Language: English
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    Reducing tillage intensity benefits the soil micro‐ and mesofauna in a global meta‐analysis (2022)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-22
    Description: Soil fauna drives crucial processes of energy and nutrient cycling in agricultural systems, and influences the quality of crops and pest incidence. Soil tillage is the most influential agricultural manipulation of soil structure, and has a profound influence on soil biology and its provision of ecosystem services. The objective of this study was to quantify through meta‐analyses the effects of reducing tillage intensity on density and diversity of soil micro‐ and mesofaunal communities, and how these effects vary among different pedoclimatic conditions and interact with concurrent management practices. We present the results of a global meta‐analysis of available literature data on the effects of different tillage intensities on taxonomic and functional groups of soil micro‐ and mesofauna. We collected paired observations (conventional vs. reduced forms of tillage/no‐tillage) from 133 studies across 33 countries. Our results show that reduced tillage intensity or no‐tillage increases the total density of springtails (+35%), mites (+23%), and enchytraeids (+37%) compared to more intense tillage methods. The meta‐analyses for different nematode feeding groups, life‐forms of springtails, and taxonomic mite groups showed higher densities under reduced forms of tillage compared to conventional tillage on omnivorous nematodes (+53%), epedaphic (+81%) and hemiedaphic (+84%) springtails, oribatid (+43%) and mesostigmatid (+57%) mites. Furthermore, the effects of reduced forms of tillage on soil micro‐ and mesofauna varied with depth, climate and soil texture, as well as with tillage method, tillage frequency, concurrent fertilisation, and herbicide application. Our findings suggest that reducing tillage intensity can have positive effects on the density of micro‐ and mesofaunal communities in areas subjected to long‐term intensive cultivation practices. Our results will be useful to support decision making on the management of soil faunal communities and will facilitate modelling efforts of soil biology in global agroecosystems. HIGHLIGHTS Global meta‐analysis to estimate the effect of reducing tillage intensity on micro‐ and mesofauna Reduced tillage or no‐tillage has positive effects on springtail, mite and enchytraeid density Effects vary among nematode feeding groups, springtail life forms and mite suborders Effects vary with texture, climate and depth and depend on the tillage method and frequency
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: https://doi.org/10.20387/bonares-eh0f-hj28
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; agricultural land use ; conservation agriculture ; conventional agriculture ; soil biodiversity ; soil cultivation
    Language: English
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    Defining Hydrogeological Site Similarity with Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (2022)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Malden, US
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-28
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Hydrogeological information about an aquifer is difficult and costly to obtain, yet essential for the efficient management of groundwater resources. Transferring information from sampled sites to a specific site of interest can provide information when site‐specific data is lacking. Central to this approach is the notion of site similarity, which is necessary for determining relevant sites to include in the data transfer process. In this paper, we present a data‐driven method for defining site similarity. We apply this method to selecting groups of similar sites from which to derive prior distributions for the Bayesian estimation of hydraulic conductivity measurements at sites of interest. We conclude that there is now a unique opportunity to combine hydrogeological expertise with data‐driven methods to improve the predictive ability of stochastic hydrogeological models.〈/p〉
    Description: 〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉〈italic〉Article impact statement〈/italic〉: This article introduces hierarchical clustering as a method for defining a notion of site similarity; the aim of this method is to improve the derivation of prior distributions in Bayesian methods in hydrogeology.〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: https://github.com/GeoStat-Bayesian/geostatDB
    Description: https://github.com/GeoStat-Bayesian/exPrior
    Description: https://github.com/GeoStat-Bayesian/siteSimilarity
    Keywords: ddc:551.49 ; hydrogeological sites ; hydrogeological modeling
    Language: English
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    Evaluating learning spaces in flood risk management in Germany: Lessons for governance research (2021)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Efforts to collaboratively manage the risk of flooding are ultimately based on individuals learning about risks, the decision process, and the effectiveness of decisions made in prior situations. This article argues that much can be learned about a governance setting by explicitly evaluating the relationships through which influential individuals and their immediate contacts receive and send information to one another. We define these individuals as “brokers,” and the networks that emerge from their interactions as “learning spaces.” The aim of this article is to develop strategies to identify and evaluate the properties of a broker's learning space that are indicative of a collaborative flood risk management arrangement. The first part of this article introduces a set of indicators, and presents strategies to employ this list so as to systematically identify brokers, and compare their learning spaces. The second part outlines the lessons from an evaluation that explored cases in two distinct flood risk management settings in Germany. The results show differences in the observed brokers' learning spaces. The contacts and interactions of the broker in Baden‐Württemberg imply a collaborative setting. In contrast, learning space of the broker in North Rhine‐Westphalia lacks the same level of diversity and polycentricity.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: MWK Baden‐Württemberg
    Keywords: 333.91 ; brokerage ; collaborative water governance ; comanagement ; comparative analysis ; social networks
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    Synthetic resampling strategies and machine learning for digital soil mapping in Iran (2021)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: Most common machine learning (ML) algorithms usually work well on balanced training sets, that is, datasets in which all classes are approximately represented equally. Otherwise, the accuracy estimates may be unreliable and classes with only a few values are often misclassified or neglected. This is known as a class imbalance problem in machine learning and datasets that do not meet this criterion are referred to as imbalanced data. Most datasets of soil classes are, therefore, imbalanced data. One of our main objectives is to compare eight resampling strategies that have been developed to counteract the imbalanced data problem. We compared the performance of five of the most common ML algorithms with the resampling approaches. The highest increase in prediction accuracy was achieved with SMOTE (the synthetic minority oversampling technique). In comparison to the baseline prediction on the original dataset, we achieved an increase of about 10, 20 and 10% in the overall accuracy, kappa index and F‐score, respectively. Regarding the ML approaches, random forest (RF) showed the best performance with an overall accuracy, kappa index and F‐score of 66, 60 and 57%, respectively. Moreover, the combination of RF and SMOTE improved the accuracy of the individual soil classes, compared to RF trained on the original dataset and allowed better prediction of soil classes with a low number of samples in the corresponding soil profile database, in our case for Chernozems. Our results show that balancing existing soil legacy data using synthetic sampling strategies can significantly improve the prediction accuracy in digital soil mapping (DSM). Highlights Spatial distribution of soil classes in Iran can be predicted using machine learning (ML) algorithms. The synthetic minority oversampling technique overcomes the drawback of imbalanced and highly biased soil legacy data. When combining a random forest model with synthetic sampling strategies the prediction accuracy of the soil model improves significantly. The resulting new soil map of Iran has a much higher spatial resolution compared to existing maps and displays new soil classes that have not yet been mapped in Iran.
    Description: Alexander von Humboldt‐Stiftung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005156
    Description: German Research Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
    Keywords: 631.4 ; covariates ; imbalanced data ; machine learning ; random forest ; soil legacy data
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    Impact of biochar on nutrient supply, crop yield and microbial respiration on sandy soils of northern Germany (2021)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-16
    Description: The application of biochar to agricultural soils to increase nutrient availability, crop production and carbon sequestration has gained increasing interest but data from field experiments on temperate, marginal soils are still under‐represented. In the current study, biochar, produced from organic residues (digestates) from a biogas plant, was applied with and without digestates at low (3.4 t ha−1) and intermediate (17.1 t ha−1) rates to two acidic and sandy soils in northern Germany that are used for corn (Zea mays L.) production. Soil nutrient availability, crop yields, microbial biomass and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from heterotrophic respiration were measured over two consecutive years. The effects of biochar application depended on the intrinsic properties of the two tested soils and the biochar application rates. Although the soils at the fallow site, with initially low nutrient concentrations, showed a significant increase in pH, soil nutrients and crop yield after low biochar application rates, a similar response was found at the cornfield site only after application of substantially larger amounts of biochar. The effect of a single dose of biochar at the beginning of the experiment diminished over time but was still detectable after 2 years. Whereas plant available nutrient concentrations increased after biochar application, the availability of potentially phytotoxic trace elements (Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr) decreased significantly, and although slight increases in microbial biomass carbon and heterotrophic CO2 fluxes were observed after biochar application, they were mostly not significant. The results indicate that the application of relatively small amounts of biochar could have positive effects on plant available nutrients and crop yields of marginal arable soils and may decrease the need for mineral fertilizers while simultaneously increasing the sequestration of soil organic carbon. Highlights A low rate of biochar increased plant available nutrients and crop yield on marginal soils. Biochar application reduced the availability of potentially harmful trace elements. Heterotrophic respiration showed no clear response to biochar application. Biochar application may reduce fertilizer need and increase carbon sequestration on marginal soils.
    Description: German Academic Exchange Service http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001655
    Description: Institute Strategic Programme grants, “Soils to Nutrition”
    Keywords: 631.4 ; black carbon ; carbon sequestration ; corn ; digestate ; heterotrophic respiration ; marginal soils ; microbial biomass
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    Self‐stated recovery from flooding: Empirical results from a survey in Central Vietnam (2021)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
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    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Social inequalities lead to flood resilience inequalities across social groups, a topic that requires improved documentation and understanding. The objective of this paper is to attend to these differences by investigating self‐stated flood recovery across genders in Vietnam as a conceptual replication of earlier results from Germany. This study employs a regression‐based analysis of 1,010 respondents divided between a rural coastal and an urban community in Thua Thien‐Hue province. The results highlight an important set of recovery process‐related variables. The set of relevant variables is similar across genders in terms of inclusion and influence, and includes age, social capital, internal and external support after a flood, perceived severity of previous flood impacts, and the perception of stress‐resilience. However, women were affected more heavily by flooding in terms of longer recovery times, which should be accounted for in risk management. Overall, the studied variables perform similarly in Vietnam and Germany. This study, therefore, conceptually replicates previous results suggesting that women display slightly slower recovery levels as well as that psychological variables influence recovery rates more than adverse flood impacts. This provides an indication of the results' potentially robust nature due to the different socio‐environmental contexts in Germany and Vietnam.
    Keywords: 333.7 ; flood recovery ; resilience ; societal equity ; vulnerability
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    The potential of ryegrass as cover crop to reduce soil N2O emissions and increase the population size of denitrifying bacteria (2021)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: Nitrogen (N) fertilization is the major contributor to nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural soil, especially in post‐harvest seasons. This study was carried out to investigate whether ryegrass serving as cover crop affects soil N2O emissions and denitrifier community size. A microcosm experiment was conducted with soil planted with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and bare soil, each with four levels of N fertilizer (0, 5, 10 and 20 g N m−2; applied as calcium ammonium nitrate). The closed‐chamber approach was used to measure soil N2O fluxes. Real‐time PCR was used to estimate the biomass of bacteria and fungi and the abundance of genes involved in denitrification in soil. The results showed that the presence of ryegrass decreased the nitrate content in soil. Cumulative N2O emissions of soil with grass were lower than in bare soil at 5 and 10 g N m−2. Fertilization levels did not affect the abundance of soil bacteria and fungi. Soil with grass showed greater abundances of bacteria and fungi, as well as microorganisms carrying narG, napA, nirK, nirS and nosZ clade I genes. It is concluded that ryegrass serving as a cover crop holds the potential to mitigate soil N2O emissions in soils with moderate or high NO3− concentrations. This highlights the importance of cover crops for the reduction of N2O emissions from soil, particularly following N fertilization. Future research should explore the full potential of ryegrass to reduce soil N2O emissions under field conditions as well as in different soils. Highlights This study was to investigate whether ryegrass serving as cover crop affects soil N2O emissions and denitrifier community size; Plant reduced soil N substrates on one side, but their root exudates stimulated denitrification on the other side; N2O emissions were lower in soil with grass than bare soil at medium fertilizer levels, and growing grass stimulated the proliferation of almost all the denitrifying bacteria except nosZ clade II; Ryegrass serving as a cover crop holds the potential to mitigate soil N2O emissions.
    Description: China Scholarship Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004543
    Description: The National Science Project for University of Anhui Province
    Keywords: 551.9 ; 631.4 ; denitrification ; perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) ; soil bacteria ; soil CO2 emissions ; soil N2O emissions
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    ogs5py: A Python‐API for the OpenGeoSys 5 Scientific Modeling Package (2021)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Malden, US
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: High‐performance numerical codes are an indispensable tool for hydrogeologists when modeling subsurface flow and transport systems. But as they are written in compiled languages, like C/C++ or Fortran, established software packages are rarely user‐friendly, limiting a wider adoption of such tools. OpenGeoSys (OGS), an open‐source, finite‐element solver for thermo‐hydro‐mechanical–chemical processes in porous and fractured media, is no exception. Graphical user interfaces may increase usability, but do so at a dramatic reduction of flexibility and are difficult or impossible to integrate into a larger workflow. Python offers an optimal trade‐off between these goals by providing a highly flexible, yet comparatively user‐friendly environment for software applications. Hence, we introduce ogs5py, a Python‐API for the OpenGeoSys 5 scientific modeling package. It provides a fully Python‐based representation of an OGS project, a large array of convenience functions for users to interact with OGS and connects OGS to the scientific and computational environment of Python.
    Description: German Federal Environmental Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007636
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: 551.49 ; hydrogeology ; subsurface flow ; modeling ; software
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    High‐Resolution Integrated Transport Model for Studying Surface Water–Groundwater Interaction (2021)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Malden, US
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    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Transport processes that lead to exchange of mass between surface water and groundwater play a significant role for the ecological functioning of aquatic systems, for hydrological processes and for biogeochemical transformations. In this study, we present a novel integral modeling approach for flow and transport at the sediment–water interface. The model allows us to simultaneously simulate turbulent surface and subsurface flow and transport with the same conceptual approach. For this purpose, a conservative transport equation was implemented to an existing approach that uses an extended version of the Navier–Stokes equations. Based on previous flume studies which investigated the spreading of a dye tracer under neutral, losing and gaining flow conditions the new solver is validated. Tracer distributions of the experiments are in close agreement with the simulations. The simulated flow paths are significantly affected by in‐ and outflowing groundwater flow. The highest velocities within the sediment are found for losing condition, which leads to shorter residence times compared to neutral and gaining conditions. The largest extent of the hyporheic exchange flow is observed under neutral condition. The new solver can be used for further examinations of cases that are not suitable for the conventional coupled models, for example, if Reynolds numbers are larger than 10. Moreover, results gained with the integral solver provide high‐resolution information on pressure and velocity distributions at the rippled streambed, which can be used to improve flow predictions. This includes the extent of hyporheic exchange under varying ambient groundwater flow conditions.
    Description: Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
    Description: German Research Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: 551.4 ; aquatic systems ; sediment-water interface ; transport model
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    Iron isotope fractionation in soil and graminaceous crops after 100 years of liming in the long‐term agricultural experimental site at Berlin‐Dahlem, Germany (2021)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: Sustainable arable cropping relies on repeated liming. Yet, the associated increase in soil pH can reduce the availability of iron (Fe) to plants. We hypothesized that repeated liming, but not pedogenic processes such as lessivage (i.e., translocation of clay particles), alters the Fe cycle in Luvisol soil, thereby affecting Fe isotope composition in soils and crops. Hence, we analysed Fe concentrations and isotope compositions in soil profiles and winter rye from the long‐term agricultural experimental site in Berlin‐Dahlem, Germany, where a controlled liming trial with three field replicates per treatment has been conducted on Albic Luvisols since 1923. Heterogeneity in subsoil was observed at this site for Fe concentration but not for Fe isotope composition. Lessivage had not affected Fe isotope composition in the soil profiles. The results also showed that almost 100 years of liming lowered the concentration of the HCl‐extractable Fe that was potentially available for plant uptake in the surface soil (0–15 cm) from 1.03 (standard error (SE) 0.03) to 0.94 (SE 0.01) g kg−1. This HCl‐extractable Fe pool contained isotopically lighter Fe (δ56Fe = −0.05 to −0.29‰) than the bulk soil (δ56Fe = −0.08 to 0.08‰). However, its Fe isotope composition was not altered by the long‐term lime application. Liming resulted in relatively lower Fe concentrations in the roots of winter rye. In addition, liming led to a heavier Fe isotope composition of the whole plants compared with those grown in the non‐limed plots (δ56FeWholePlant_ + Lime = −0.12‰, SE 0.03 vs. δ56FeWholePlant_‐Lime = −0.21‰, SE 0.01). This suggests that the elevated soil pH (increased by one unit due to liming) promoted the Fe uptake strategy through complexation of Fe(III) from the rhizosphere, which favoured heavier Fe isotopes. Overall, the present study showed that liming and a related increase in pH did not affect the Fe isotope compositions of the soil, but may influence the Fe isotope composition of plants grown in the soil if they alter their Fe uptake strategy upon the change of Fe availability. Highlights Fe concentrations and stocks, but not Fe isotope compositions, were more heterogeneous in subsoil than in topsoil. Translocation of clay minerals did not result in Fe isotope fractionation in the soil profile of a Luvisol. Liming decreased Fe availability in topsoil, but did not affect its δ56Fe values. Uptake of heavier Fe isotopes by graminaceous crops was more pronounced at elevated pH.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Keywords: 551.9 ; liming ; plant‐available Fe pool in soil ; winter rye ; δ56Fe
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    How to Find Aquifer Statistics Utilizing Pumping Tests? Two Field Studies Using welltestpy (2021)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Malden, US
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-01
    Description: We present a workflow to estimate geostatistical aquifer parameters from pumping test data using the Python package welltestpy. The procedure of pumping test analysis is exemplified for two data sets from the Horkheimer Insel site and from the Lauswiesen site, Germany. The analysis is based on a semi‐analytical drawdown solution from the upscaling approach Radial Coarse Graining, which enables to infer log‐transmissivity variance and horizontal correlation length, beside mean transmissivity, and storativity, from pumping test data. We estimate these parameters of aquifer heterogeneity from type‐curve analysis and determine their sensitivity. This procedure, implemented in welltestpy, is a template for analyzing any pumping test. It goes beyond the possibilities of standard methods, for example, based on Theis' equation, which are limited to mean transmissivity and storativity. A sensitivity study showed the impact of observation well positions on the parameter estimation quality. The insights of this study help to optimize future test setups for geostatistical aquifer analysis and provides guidance for investigating pumping tests with regard to aquifer statistics using the open‐source software package welltestpy.
    Description: Article impact statement: We present a workflow to infer parameters of subsurface heterogeneity from pumping test data exemplified at two sites using welltestpy.
    Description: German Federal Environmental Foundation (DBU) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007636
    Keywords: ddc:551.49
    Language: English
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    Importance of sources of variability, scales and experimental design: A case study about the effects of biochar and slurry application on soil properties in agricultural silty loam soils (2021)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
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    Publication Date: 2022-04-01
    Description: In designed experiments, different sources of variability and an adequate scale of measurement need to be considered, but not all approaches in common usage are equally valid. In order to elucidate the importance of sources of variability and choice of scale, we conducted an experiment where the effects of biochar and slurry applications on soil properties related to soil fertility were studied for different designs: (a) for a field‐scale sampling design with either a model soil (without natural variability) as an internal control or with composited soils, (b) for a design with a focus on amendment variabilities, and (c) for three individual field‐scale designs with true field replication and a combined analysis representative of the population of loess‐derived soils. Three silty loam sites in Germany were sampled and the soil macroaggregates were crushed. For each design, six treatments (0, 0.15 and 0.30 g slurry‐N kg−1 with and without 30 g biochar kg−1) were applied before incubating the units under constant soil moisture conditions for 78 days. CO2 fluxes were monitored and soils were analysed for macroaggregate yields and associated organic carbon (C). Mixed‐effects models were used to describe the effects. For all soil properties, results for the loess sites differed with respect to significant contributions of fixed effects for at least one site, suggesting the need for a general inclusion of different sites. Analysis using a multilevel model allowed generalizations for loess soils to be made and showed that site:slurry:biochar and site:slurry interactions were not negligible for macroaggregate yields. The use of a model soil as an internal control enabled observation of variabilities other than those related to soils or amendments. Experiments incorporating natural variability in soils or amendments resulted in partially different outcomes, indicating the need to include all important sources of variability. Highlights Effects of biochar and slurry applications were studied for different designs and mixed‐effects models were used to describe the effects. Including an internal control allowed observation of, e.g., methodological and analytical variabilities. The results suggested the need for a general inclusion of different sites. Analysis using a multilevel model allowed generalizations for loess soils. The results indicated the need to include all important sources of variability.
    Keywords: ddc:631.4
    Language: English
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    Do tree species affect decadal changes in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks in Danish common garden experiments? (2021)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
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    Publication Date: 2022-04-01
    Description: Temperate forest soils are often considered as an important sink for atmospheric carbon (C), thereby buffering anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, the effect of tree species composition on the magnitude of this sink is unclear. We resampled a tree species common garden experiment (six sites) a decade after initial sampling to evaluate whether forest floor (FF) and topsoil organic carbon (Corg) and total nitrogen (Nt) stocks changed in dependence of tree species (Norway spruce—Picea abies L., European beech—Fagus sylvatica L., pedunculate oak—Quercus robur L., sycamore maple—Acer pseudoplatanus L., European ash—Fraxinus excelsior L. and small‐leaved lime—Tilia cordata L.). Two groups of species were identified in terms of Corg and Nt distribution: (1) Spruce with high Corg and Nt stocks in the FF developed as a mor humus layer which tended to have smaller Corg and Nt stocks and a wider Corg:Nt ratio in the mineral topsoil, and (2) the broadleaved species, of which ash and maple distinguished most clearly from spruce by very low Corg and Nt stocks in the FF developed as mull humus layer, had greater Corg and Nt stocks, and narrow Corg:Nt ratios in the mineral topsoil. Over 11 years, FF Corg and Nt stocks increased most under spruce, while small decreases in bulk mineral soil (esp. in 0–15 cm and 0–30 cm depth) Corg and Nt stocks dominated irrespective of species. Observed decadal changes were associated with site‐related and tree species‐mediated soil properties in a way that hinted towards short‐term accumulation and mineralisation dynamics of easily available organic substances. We found no indication for Corg stabilisation. However, results indicated increasing Nt stabilisation with increasing biomass of burrowing earthworms, which were highest under ash, lime and maple and lowest under spruce. Highlights We studied if tree species differences in topsoil Corg and Nt stocks substantiate after a decade. The study is unique in its repeated soil sampling in a multisite common garden experiment. Forest floors increased under spruce, but topsoil stocks decreased irrespective of species. Changes were of short‐term nature. Nitrogen was most stable under arbuscular mycorrhizal species.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaff (DFG)
    Keywords: ddc:551.9 ; ddc:631.41
    Language: English
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    The ‘Flood Resilience Rose’: A management tool to promote transformation towards flood resilience (2021)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
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    Publication Date: 2021-09-29
    Description: Coping with the growing impacts of flooding in EU countries, a paradigm shift in flood management can be observed, moving from safety‐based towards risk‐based approaches and holistic perspectives. Flood resilience is a common denominator of most of the approaches. In this article, we present the ‘Flood Resilience Rose’ (FRR), a management tool to promote harmonised action towards flood resilience in European regions and beyond. The FRR is a result of a two‐step process. First, based on scientific concepts as well as analysis of relevant policy documents, we identified three ‘levels of operation’. The first level refers to the EU Floods Directive and an extended multi‐layer safety approach, comprising the four different layers of protection, prevention, preparedness and recovery, and related measures to be taken. This level is not independent but depends both on the institutional (second level) and the wider (third level) context. Second, we used surveys, semi‐structured interviews and group discussions during workshops with experts from Belgium, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom to validate the definitions and the FRR's practical relevance. The presented FRR is thus the result of rigorous theoretical and practical consideration and provides a tool capable to strengthen flood risk management practice.
    Description: European Regional Development Fund http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100008530
    Keywords: 551.48 ; flood defence measures ; governance and institutions ; integrated flood risk management ; resilience
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    Urban pluvial flood adaptation: Results of a household survey across four German municipalities (2021)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-30
    Description: In recent years, German cities were heavily impacted by pluvial flooding and related damage is projected to increase due to climate change and urbanisation. It is important to ask how to improve urban pluvial flood risk management. To understand the current state of property level adaptation, a survey was conducted in four municipalities that had recently been impacted by pluvial flooding. A hybrid framework based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and the Protection Action Decision Model (PADM) was used to investigate drivers of adaptive behaviour through both descriptive and regression analyses. Descriptive statistics revealed that participants tended to instal more low‐ and medium‐cost measures than high‐cost measures. Regression analyses showed that coping appraisal increased protection motivation, but that the adaptive behaviour also depends on framing factors, particularly homeownership. We further found that, while threat appraisal solely affects protection motivation and responsibility appraisal affects solely maladaptive thinking, coping appraisal affects both. Our results indicate that PMT is a solid starting point to study adaptive behaviours in the context of pluvial flooding, but we need to go beyond that by, for instance, considering factors of the PADM, such as responsibility, ownership, or respondent age, to fully understand this complex decision‐making process.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Keywords: ddc:551.489 ; ddc:363.34
    Language: English
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    Comparison of Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for the Quantification of Microplastics in the Aquatic Environment (2018)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  Environmental Science & Technology, 52 (22). pp. 13279-13288.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-02
    Description: Microplastics (MPs, 〈5 mm) have been reported as emerging environmental contaminants, but reliable data are still lacking. We compared the two most promising techniques for MP analysis, namely, Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, by analyzing MPs extracted from North Sea surface waters. Microplastics 〉500 μm were visually sorted and manually analyzed by μ-Raman and attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FTIR spectroscopy. Microplastics ≤500 μm were concentrated on gold-coated filters and analyzed by automated single-particle exploration coupled to μ-Raman (ASPEx-μ-Raman) and FTIR imaging (reflection mode). The number of identified MPs 〉500 μm was slightly higher for μ-Raman (+23%) than ATR-FTIR analysis. Concerning MPs ≤500 μm, ASPEx-μ-Raman quantified two-times higher MP numbers but required a four-times higher analysis time compared to FTIR imaging. Because ASPEx-μ-Raman revealed far higher MP concentrations (38–2621 particles m–3) compared to the results of previous water studies (0–559 particles m–3), the environmental concentration of MPs ≤500 μm may have been underestimated until now. This may be attributed to the exceptional increase in concentration with decreasing MP size found in this work. Our results demonstrate the need for further research to enable time-efficient routine application of ASPEx-μ-Raman for reliable MP counting down to 1 μm.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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    Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulations on Phase Equilibria of Methane, Carbon Dioxide, and Their Mixture Hydrates (2018)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 122 (42). pp. 9724-9737.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-08
    Description: The cage occupancy plays a crucial role in the thermodynamic stability of clathrate hydrates and is an important quantity for understanding the CO2–CH4 replacement phenomenon. In this work, the occupancy isotherms of pure CH4, pure CO2, and their mixture in sI and sII hydrates are studied by GCMC + MD simulations. The adsorption of CH4 and CO2 + CH4 in the sI and sII hydrates can be categorized as the one-site Langmuir type. The calculated occupancy ratio θL/θS and the abundance ratio of CO2 to CH4 vary with the temperature and pressure, which provide the prerequisite information for the prediction of CH4 recovery yield at different conditions in the CO2–CH4 gas exchange process. The phase equilibria of clathrate hydrates of pure gases and mixtures are explored and the corresponding heat of dissociation and hydration numbers are determined. The current investigation provides new perspectives to understand the mechanism behind the gas adsorption behavior of clathrate hydrates.
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    Constraining the timing of deglaciation of the High Alps and rates of subglacial erosion with cosmogenic nuclides (2017)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: THESIS ABSTRACT
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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    Spatially and temporally variable catchment-wide denudation rates – clues from the Alps (2017)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: THESIS ABSTRACT
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7
    Language: English
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    Use of Waste-Derived Biochar to Remove Copper from Aqueous Solution in a Continuous-Flow System (2017)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 56 (44). pp. 12755-12762.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: The discharges from industrial processes constitute the main source of copper contamination in aqueous ecosystems. In this study we investigated the capacity of different types of biochar (derived from chicken manure, eucalyptus, corncob, olive mill and pine sawdust) to remove copper from aqueous solution in a continuous-flow system. The flow rate of the system strongly influenced the amount of copper retained. The adsorption to the corncob biochar varied from 5.51 to 3.48 mg Cu g-1 as the flux decreased from 13 to 2.5 mL min-1. The physicochemical characteristics of biochar determine the copper retention capacity and the underlying immobilization mechanisms. Biochars with high inorganic contents retain the largest amounts of copper and may be suitable for using in water treatment systems to remove heavy metals. The copper retention capacity of the biochars ranged between ~1.3 and 26 mg g-1 and varied in the following order: chicken manure 〉 olive mill 〉〉 corncob 〉 eucalyptus 〉 sawdust pine.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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    Methane Bubble Size Distributions, Flux, and Dissolution in a Freshwater Lake (2017)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  Environmental Science & Technolog, 51 (23). pp. 13733-13739.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: The majority of methane produced in many anoxic sediments is released via ebullition. These bubbles are subject to dissolution as they rise, and dissolution rates are strongly influenced by bubble size. Current understanding of natural methane bubble size distributions is limited by the difficulty in measuring bubble sizes over wide spatial or temporal scales. Our custom optical bubble size sensors recorded bubble sizes and release timing at 8 locations in Upper Mystic Lake, MA continuously for 3 months. Bubble size distributions were spatially heterogeneous even over relatively small areas experiencing similar flux, suggesting that localized sediment conditions are important to controlling bubble size. There was no change in bubble size distributions over the 3 month sampling period, but mean bubble size was positively correlated with daily ebullition flux. Bubble data was used to verify the performance of a widely used bubble dissolution model, and the model was then used to estimate that bubble dissolution accounts for approximately 10% of methane accumulated in the hypolimnion during summer stratification, and at most 15% of the diffusive air–water–methane flux from the epilimnion.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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    Bewertung der Grundwassergeschütztheit anhand der Verweilzeit in der Grundwasserüberdeckung (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Verweilzeitberechnung ist eine sehr anschauliche Methode zur Bewertung der Geschütztheit einer Wasserfassung oder eines Grundwasserleiters. Sie berücksichtigt alle relevanten Einflussfaktoren und ist aus Sicht der Autoren anderen Verfahren zur Geschütztheitsbewertung vorzuziehen. Es wird eine Methode vorgestellt, mit der die Geschütztheit der Wasserfassungen im Raum Pasewalk bewertet wurde und die auch landesweit anwendbar ist. Die methodischen Grundlagen von Verweilzeitberechnungen werden untersucht und spezifiziert und es erfolgt eine Diskussion der Interpolationsmöglichkeiten.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Sickerwasser ; Verweilzeit ; Sickerstrecke ; Grundwasserflurabstand ; DIN 19732 ; Grundwasserneubildung ; Grundwasserüberdeckung ; Grundwassergeschütztheit ; Verweilzeitberechnung
    Language: German
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    Geologische Landesaufnahme in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern seit 1990 (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Der Geologische Dienst M-V sammelt und dokumentiert im Rahmen der Landesaufnahme Daten zur Geologie der Oberfläche und des Tieferen Untergrundes, zur Hydrogeologie, zur Bodenkunde sowie zur Rohstoffgeologie und wertet diese Daten unter vielfältigen Aspekten der Daseinsvorsorge aus. Als Ergebnis entstanden seit 1990 mehrere moderne Informationssysteme, Kartenwerke und andere Produkte. Neben der Publikation von analogen Karten erfolgt in den letzten Jahren verstärkt eine digitale Informationsbereitstellung in Form von digitalen Produkten; verstärkt werden auch Informationen über das Kartenportal Umwelt in der Internetpräsentation des Landesamtes veröffentlicht (www.umweltkarten.mv-regierung.de).
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Geologie ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; Landesaufnahme ; Geologische Karte ; Kartenportal Umwelt ; Bohrdatenspeicher
    Language: German
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    Multiproxy-Untersuchungen zur Paläoökologie und -hydrologie eines spätglazial- bis frühholozänen Flachsees im nordostdeutschen Küstengebiet (Glowe-Paläosee/Insel Rügen) (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: The paper presents results of multiproxy-investigations of a 3 m long sediment section from the Glowe Palaeolake, covering the period Pre-Bølling to the middle of the Preboreal. The Lateglacial and early Holocene landscape development comprising climate fluctuations, lake evolution, lake-level variations and vegetation history is reconstructed using pollen, diatom, macrofossil, molluscs as well as sedimentological and geochemical data based on 14C-dating. The palaeolake appeared due to the decay of the permafrost during the Bølling and developed in the Allerød into a 3–4 m deep, species-poor and macrophyte-rich stillwater. The submerse vegetation and fauna decreased during the Younger Dryas, but returned fast and with higher density in the Preboreal. Phases of cooler climate can be parallelized with the Gerzensee oscillation, the Younger Dryas and the Rammelbeek oscillation, which each are palynologically bipartite. In contrast, indications for the Older Dryas were only scarce. The cooler phases were characterized by intensified allochthonous clastic input into the lake. During the Younger Dryas the input was dominated by solifluction processes, while during the Allerød and the Preboreal predominantly fluvial processes occurred. The most significant changes in the palaeoecology of the lake were caused by the rapid warming at the onset of the Preboreal. During the phases of warmer climate the vegetation development was influenced by the vicinity to the Baltic Ice Lake, which caused – compared to more southerly regions – a delayed spread of Pinus. Also, the long term climate changes determined the alterations in the chemical sediment composition, the diatom flora and the macrophyte vegetation. Short term variations, which caused the closely spaced sediment layering mainly in the older part of the sediment section cannot be explained so far. The course of the outcropping stratigraphic units was used to construct a lake-level curve. It shows a rapid rise in the early Allerød and a subsequent slower rise until the highstand in the Younger Dryas. In the early Preboreal, a fast lake-level fall occurred, the palaeolake silted up and dried out in the middle of the Preboreal.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; geochemistry ; radiocarbon dating ; vegetation history ; late glacial ; pollen ; molluscs ; early holocene ; diatoms ; macrofossils ; lake sediments ; northern Central Europe ; palaeolake ; climate fluctuation ; lake-level variation
    Language: German
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    Editorial Vol. 65, No.1 (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: editorial
    Keywords: 551.7
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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    Sanierung der Altlast am ehemaligen Gaswerk Neubrandenburg (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Das ehemalige Gaswerk liegt innerhalb der Stadt Neubrandenburg „Am Güterbahnhof“, umgeben von Altbausubstanz mit gewerblicher Nutzung und Wohnbebauung. Die Produktion von Stadtgas aus Steinkohle begann hier 1867. Eine Erweiterung erfolgte im Ersten Weltkrieg durch die Inbetriebnahme einer Wassergasanlage zur Streckung des Steinkohlengases, einer Benzolgewinnungsanlage und einer Sulfatfabrik. Im Zweiten Weltkrieg kam es zur Zerstörung der drei Gasbehälter und von Teilen der Bebauung. Nach 1945 wurde das Gaswerk mit einem Gasbehälter wieder aufgebaut. In den letzten Nutzungsjahren traten zahlreiche Havarien durch übergelaufene Teer- und Ammoniakgruben sowie durch verstopfte Leitungen auf. 1971 erfolgten die Stilllegung des Gaswerkes und ein teilweiser Rückbau der oberirdischen Anlagen.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Neubrandenburg ; Grundwasser ; Gaswerk ; Sanierung ; Altlast ; Kontamination ; Historie
    Language: German
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    Die Findlinge im Revier Waldsee, Mecklenburg (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Im Revier Waldsee, zwischen Neustrelitz und Feldberg in der Mecklenburgischen Seenplatte, sind überwiegend Bildungen des Sanders vor der Pommerschen Haupteisrandlage verbreitet. In den Sanderflächen treten vereinzelt sehr große Findlinge auf. Die zwei größten aufgefundenen Findlinge werden petrographisch beschrieben und als schützenswerte Geotope empfohlen.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Geologie ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; Findlinge ; Feldberger Seenlandschaft
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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    Der Findling an der Eugen-Geinitz-Sicht in Usadel (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Bei dem für die Eugen-Geinitz-Sicht in Usadel ausgewählten Findling (Fundort: vermutlich Kiesgrube Siedenbüssow) handelt es sich um ein seltenes monomiktes Konglomerat, dessen Herkunft – und damit auch sein Bildungsalter – bisher nicht genau bestimmt werden kann. In einer sandigen bis feinkiesigen, rötlich-violetten Matrix befinden sich zahlreiche helle, mäßig gerundete Gesteinsbruchstücke bis 12 cm Größe aus kristallinem Quarz (Gangquarz). Konglomerate mit einer ähnlichen Zusammensetzung sind als lokale Einschaltungen in mesoproterozoischen Sandsteinen und Grauwacken an der Hohen Küste in Nordschweden bekannt und möglicherweise als isolierte Vorkommen im gesamten Verbreitungsgebiet jotnischer Rotsedimente zu finden. Aufgrund der Zusammensetzung und des relativ geringen Verfestigungsgrades kann aber auch eine Zuordnung zur klastischen Abfolge der jüngstproterozoisch-unterkambrischen Nexö-Formation Bornholms nicht völlig ausgeschlossen werden, deren basale Schichten ebenfalls unter terrestrischen, oxidativen Bedingungen abgelagert wurden.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; geschiebe ; monomiktes Konglomerat ; Nexö-Formation ; Eugen-Geinitz-Sicht ; Jotnischer Sandstein
    Language: German
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    Reconsidering the current stratigraphy of the Alpine Lateglacial (2016)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: The sedimentary and morphological evidence for Lateglacial glacier fluctuations in the Lienz area provides a strong case against the currently used pentapartite stratigraphic subdivision of the Alpine Lateglacial (ALG; c. 19–11.7 ka) i.e. the timespan between the Würmian Pleniglacial (= Alpine Last Glacial Maximum; AlpLGM) and the beginning of the Holocene. The results of comprehensive geological mapping (including the detection of mass movements) supported by geochronological data and pollen analysis revealed that the ALG- record of the Schobergruppe mountains and the Lienz Dolomites can be subdivided into four unconformity-bounded (allostratgraphic) units which are linked to three climatostratigraphically-defined phases of glacier activity. Delta deposits and till of local glaciers document the phase of ice-decay after the AlpLGM. Between this period and the Bølling/Allerød (B/A) interstadial only one glacier stabilisation with massive end moraines, correlated with the Gschnitz stadial, is evident. Multiple end moraines prove the presence of very active glacier tongues during the Younger Dryas aged Egesen stadial. The 10Be exposure dating of an end moraine, previously attributed to the Daun stadial (pre-B/A interstadial) based on ΔELA values, provided an age of 12.8 ± 0.6 ka indicating it is of Younger Dryas age. This case highlights the pitfalls of the commonly used ΔELA-based stratigraphic ALG subdivision and the subsequent derivation of palaeoclimatic implications. ΔELAs are still considered as a useful tool for correlation on the local scale e.g. in one mountain group with a quite comparable topography and lithology and taking into account the limitations, especially the impact of debris cover. However, our results show that a stratigraphic correlation across the whole Alpine chain via ΔELAs is not a successful approach potentially leading to bias and, eventually, to circular arguments.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; palynology ; alps ; late pleistocene ; lateglacial ; younger dryas ; geological mapping ; allostratigraphy ; climatostratigraphy ; exposure dating ; deformable bed
    Language: English
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  • 45
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    Faunistisch bemerkenswerte und für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern neue Arten der Kurzflügelkäfer (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) – Teil 5 (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Nachweise von 106 Arten der Kurzflügelkäfer in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (MV) zwischen 1989 und 2016 werden dokumentiert und diskutiert. Anhand aktueller Nachweise mit dem Autokescher wird die Verbreitung und Häufigkeit einiger Arten in MV neu bewertet. Zwei Arten sind neu für die Fauna des Bundeslandes: 〈i〉Cousya longitarsis〈/i〉 (Thomson, 1867) and 〈i〉Philonthus ebeninus〈/i〉 (Gravenhorst, 1802). Xerotherme Standorte, sandige Ufer von Fließgewässern und Salzwiesen sind in MV selten bzw. werden oftmals massiv beeinträchtigt. Diese Habitate beherbergen jedoch eine Vielzahl ökologisch anspruchsvoller Arten und sollten deshalb besonders geschützt werden.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 910 ; fauna ; rare species ; riparian species
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 46
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    Weitere Blattwespen (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) des Zoologischen Institutes der Universität Rostock, insbesondere aus den Sammlungen Jahn und Haupt (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Blattwespen des Zoologischen Institutes der Universität Rostock, insbesondere die Sammlungen Jahn und Haupt, wurden revidiert. Das Material aus den Familien Argidae, Cephidae, Cimbicidae, Diprionidae, Orussidae, Pamphiliidae, Siricidae, Tenthredinidae und Xiphydriidae stammt aus zehn deutschen Bundesländern, hauptsächlich aus Brandenburg und Hessen. Für folgende Taxa fehlen Hinweise in den Checklisten für die jeweiligen Bundesländer in der Entomofauna Germanica (Blank et al. 2001): Für Brandenburg 〈i〉Tenthredo arcuata〈/i〉 Forster, 1771 und 〈i〉Cimbex connatus〈/i〉 (Schrank, 1776), für Hessen 〈i〉Sterictiphora angelicae〈/i〉 (Panzer, 1799) und 〈i〉Tenthredopsis tarsata〈/i〉 (Fabricius, 1804), für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 〈i〉Orussus abietinus〈/i〉 (Scopoli, 1763), für Sachsen 〈i〉Macrodiprion nemoralis〈/i〉 (Enslin, 1917), für Nordrhein-Westfalen 〈i〉Pamphilius betulae〈/i〉 Linnaeus, 1758, für Rheinland-Pfalz 〈i〉Urocerus gigas〈/i〉 Linnaeus, 1758. Daneben finden sich Einzelfunde aus Frankreich, Liechtenstein, Polen, Slowakei, Spanien und der Schweiz.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 910 ; fauna ; deutschland ; europa ; Blattwespen ; Symphyta ; Verbreitung
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 47
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    Unterkambrischer Sandstein mit kegelförmigen organischen Strukturen des Conichnus-Typs – ein Fundbericht (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Es wird ein unterkambrisches Sandsteingeschiebe von Rügen mit 14 kegelförmigen Strukturen vom Conichnus-Typ in Vergesellschaftung mit dem Spurenfossil Monocraterion vorgestellt.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; geschiebe ; Sandstein ; Bornholm ; Conichnus
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 48
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    Eiszerfallsformen, Esker sowie subglaziale und subaerische Talbildungen am Lütjensee / Forst Seebergen (Stormarn, Schleswig-Holstein) (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: This article presents investigations of a diverse landscape in the young moraine area of southeastern Schleswig-Holstein (Stormarn county). The northern part of the study area represents a large basin, possibly a glacier basin influenced by glaciofluvial meltwaters or by dead ice. Organic sedimentation occurred in this basin from the Late-glacial (Bölling/Alleröd interstadial complex), followed by a longer lake phase and the growth of a fen after c. 5.000 14C a B.P. The central area of the basin was formed as ice-disintegration landscape – including kames, eskers and esker-like features. Ring-like glaciofluvial landform structures are interpreted as subcircular eskers. Kettle bogs developed in the centres of these landforms from c. 5.000 14C a BP (Atlantic/Subboreal) onwards. The southern and south-eastern part of the study area represents a smoothed moraine zone, that includes a glaciotectonically influenced Saalian core of till, sand and glacilacustrine sediment. Parallel aligned gullies were predominantly formed as tunnel valleys. Some parts of the channels are infilled with glaciolacustrine clays. Several channels, asymmetric in cross-profile, were shaped by periglacial slope denudation.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; weichselian late glacial ; valley formation ; subcircular esker ; kame ; ice decay landforms
    Language: German
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  • 49
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    Late Holocene glacier fluctuations in the eastern Nyainqêntanglha Range, southeastern Tibet (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: THESIS ABSTRACT
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; tibet ; late holocene ; glacier fluctuation
    Language: English
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  • 50
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    The aeolian sedimentary system along the transition between the Qilian Shan and northern Chinese drylands during the late Quaternary (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: THESIS ABSTRACT
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; china ; late quaternary ; drylands ; aeolian sedimentary system
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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    The tablelands in the Puli Basin (central Taiwan) – a geochronological and geomorphological approach to Late Quaternary fluvial sedimentary and erosional processes (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: THESIS ABSTRACT
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; late quaternary ; tablelands ; Taiwan ; sedimentary process ; erosional process
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 52
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    Subaqueous conglomerates above pre-LGM basal till: Another element of the ‘classic’ interglacial mountain-flank succession (Hötting Breccia Auct.) north of Innsbruck, Austria (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The “Hötting Breccia” near Innsbruck is a classic interglacial mountain-flank succession mainly comprising lithified alluvial fans and scree slopes. Directly NW of Innsbruck, a pre-LGM (Riss?) basal till 〉20 m in thickness overlies a plucked rock surface that records eastward ice flow. The till is dominated by clasts of carbonate rocks from the Northern Calcareous Alps; index clasts of the LGM ice stream are absent. The basal till is overlain by a package of conglomerate nearly 1 km in preserved lateral extent that dip at 20–30° South and show the same clast spectrum as the underlying till. The conglomerate – hitherto assigned to the Hötting Breccia – accumulated from fan deltas and/or scree slopes shed into a standing water body; it is overlain by younger, unlithified LGM to Holocene deposits. We suggest the following scenario: During decay of the ice stream that formed the basal till, the conglomerate package was deposited by paraglacial reworking of till into a lake or ice-marginal lake. The alluvial fans of the Hötting Breccia accumulated independently from the conglomerate package, and from a distinct alluvial-fan system. The age relation of the till/conglomerate package to the main part of the Hötting Breccia is unclear. Our results demonstrate that the rocks hitherto summarized as Hötting Breccia represent a compound of lithosomes of different origins and ages.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; quaternary ; interglacial ; alps ; till ; conglomerate ; Hötting Breccia ; index clasts
    Language: English
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    Discussing surface crack structures in the Schorfheide region, NE Germany (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Express Report
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; geomorphology ; late glacial ; airborne LiDAR ; northern Brandenburg ; digital elevation modelling ; Salt Tectonic ; Laacher Tephra
    Language: English
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  • 54
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    Moränen versus Till: Empfehlungen für die Beschreibung, Interpretation und Klassifikation glazialer Landformen und Sedimente (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Internationally, the description and interpretation of glacial sediments and landforms largely follow a set of uniform guidelines and terminology. Sediments are normally described according to their lithofacies characteristics (e.g. diamicton, sorted sands), and only after closer inspection and investigation are genetic terms applied (e.g. till, glaciofluvial outwash). Mixing of sedimentological and geomorphological terminology does not occur. In German-speaking countries, however, the term moraine is used for glaciogenic sediments and landforms such as end moraines and also adopted for till plains (“ground moraine landscapes”, “old/young morainic landscapes” etc.). Similar traditions of the latter kind are sometimes found as a relict in Scandinavian texts, and an equally profound mixing of terms is found in much of the French literature. The authors argue here that this mixture not only leads to unnecessary confusion for students but also makes international communication more difficult, especially when the terminological inconsistencies are as extensive and non-systematic as in the German community at present. The present paper presents a systematic overview of the state-of-the-art of till terminology, thereby providing the necessary background information for a useful description and interpretation of field evidence for communicating results in German and hopefully aiding more efficient communication of German Quaternary geologists and geomorphologists internationally. The aim is to provide a sedimentological terminology that is in agreement with international standards and can readily be distinguished from geomorphological vocabulary. The authors recommend that usage of the term ground moraine, for example, is restricted to certain landform associations encountered in NW Central Europe, and excluded from use when discussing sediments. For primary glaciogenic sediments sensu stricto the term till should be used only where appropriate sedimentological evidence exists. A process-based subdivision of till types (e.g. deformation, lodgement till) is not useful in most cases, because as a community we do not have the tools to reliably distinguish such processes at a macro-scale. This recognition has led to the creation of the highly useful umbrella term subglacial traction till and its distinction from overridden primary sediments that are termed glaciotectonite. The present contribution translates the older terminology to the internationally-accepted terminology that follows the scientifically-robust approach of splitting descriptive terminology – based on a lithofacies approach (e.g. diamicton) – from the latter interpretative stage (e.g. subglacial traction till, debris flow deposit). The authors present translations of the different till schemes that have existed through time and link these to the current state of the art, citing several examples and clear diagnostic criteria to distinguish various types of diamictic sediments. This contribution stresses that the majority of diamictons encountered in glacial environments, especially in ice-marginal settings, are not usually and certainly not automatically subglacial traction tills.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; grundmoräne ; quartärgeologie ; moräne ; sedimentologie ; terminologie ; sedimentology ; till ; moraines ; diamicton ; glacial sediments ; Quaternary Geology ; subglazialer Traktionstill ; glaziale Sedimente ; Diamikton ; Lithofaziesaufnahme ; subglacial traction till ; debris flow ; lithofacies approach
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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    Environmental development and local human impact in the Jeetzel valley (N Germany) since 10 ka BP as detected by geoarchaeological analyses in a coupled aeolian and lacustrine sediment archive at Soven (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: While archaeological records indicate an intensive Mesolithic occupation of dune areas situated along river valleys, relatively little knowledge exists about environmental interactions in the form of land-use strategies and their possible local impacts. The combination of geoarchaeological, chronological, geochemical and palaeoecological research methods and their application both on a Mesoltihic site situated on top of a dune and the adjacent palaeochannel sediments allows for a detailed reconstruction of the local environmental development around the Soven site in the Jeetzel valley (Northern Germany) since ~10.5 ka cal BP. Based on the results, we identified four phases that may be related to local human impact twice during the Mesolithic, the Neolithic and the Iron Ages and are discussed on the backdrop of the regional settlement history. Although nearby Mesolithic occupation is evident on archaeological grounds, the identification of synchronous impacts on the vegetation in the local environmental records remains tentative even in respect of the broad methodical spectrum applied. Vice versa, human impact is strongly indicated by palaeoecological and geochemical proxies during the Neolithic period, but cannot be connected to archaeological records in the area so far. A younger phase of human impact – probably consisting of seasonal livestock farming in the wetlands – is ascribed to the Iron Age economy and comprises local soil erosion, raised concentrations of phosphates and urease, and the facilitation of grazing related taxa.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; aeolian sand ; pollen ; mesolithic ; iron age ; charcoal ; human impact ; OSL ; Neolithisation
    Language: English
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  • 56
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    Periglaziäre, polygonal-verzweigte rinnenförmige Bildungen und glazitektonische Strukturen in Saale-Till am Elbe-Urstomtalrand bei Wedel (Schleswig-Holstein) (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Remarkable polygenetical structures were observed at a refinery rehabilitation site in Wedel/Holstein. The polygonal shaped, channel-like structures are incised in mid-Saalian clayey, chalk-rich till. They are symmetrically semicircular shaped and filled with calcareous, silty sands that can be interpreted as sandy reworked till with aeolian components. The width reaches from approx. 0.3 to 1.5 metres, the depth up to approx. 0.8 metres. Horizontal cracks up to more than 10 meters in lengths, occurring as narrow belts of sand with reddish colour, are often centrally aligned in the channel-like structures. The present-day red colour is not natural but related to pollution. These belts reach down to the bottom of the channel like structures. At the lower site of the channel-like structures glacitectonic fissures with a width up to a few centimetres were to be traced into a depth of several metres to the basis of the excavat ion. The genesis of the channel-like structures is discussed. e. g. a possible relation with the pre-existing glacitectonic joints resp. the expected periglacial paleohydrogeological setting.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; periglacial channels ; Weichselian periglacial ; frost wedges ; glacitectonism ; paleohydrogeology ; talik ; Elbe spillway
    Language: German
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    Chronostratigraphy of the Hochterrassen in the lower Lech valley (Northern Alpine Foreland) (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Hochterrassen (High or Higher Terraces) are a prominent geomorphological feature of the Northern Alpine Foreland and have traditionally been attributed to the Rissian glaciation. However, distinct morphological sublevels observed for this feature have often raised the question of their age. This issue is exemplarily investigated here on the Langweider and Rainer Hochterrassen in the lower Lech valley using different relative and numerical dating techniques. The lowest sublevel, the Übergangsterrasse is only preserved in small patches at the western rim of the Rainer Hochterrasse and is most probably of early Würmian age. The sublevel of the Jüngere Hochterrasse is older than the Last Interglacial, as indicated by luminescence ages of overlying loess/palaeosol sequence and the development of a luvisol on top of the terrace gravel. This terrace is composed of stacked gravel units that represent at least two accumulation phases correlating with Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 for the top gravel and MIS 7 to MIS 10 (or older) for the basal gravel. It is not yet clear, if the deposition of the basal gravel unit corresponds to one or more aggradation phases during the Middle Pleistocene. The highest sublevel, the Ältere Hochterrasse also shows a compositon of two stacked gravel units but so far, no numerical ages have been achieved for these units.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; northern alpine foreland ; middle pleistocene ; luminescence dating ; Hochterrassen ; fluvial terraces
    Language: English
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    Late Pleistocene spotted hyena den sites and specialized rhinoceros scavengers in the karstified Zechstein areas of the Thuringian Mountains (Central Germany) (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss 1823) cranial and postcranial remains of the Pößneck region in the Zechstein Karst region of the Thuringian Mountains (Central Germany) were excavated historically in the Wüste Scheuer Cavity at Döbritz. Nearby, at the Krölpa gypsum karst open air site, additionally a woolly rhinoceros, partially scavenged by Ice Age spotted hyenas, was found. The amount at Wüste Scheuer Cavity includes chew damaged Coelodonta antiquitatis remains and is classified herein as communal den type. At both den/scavenging sites, only a small amount of prey material of Late Pleistocene megafauna of rare M. primigenius, mainly C. antiquitatis, E. c. przewalskii, and fewer B. priscus and R. tarandus was accumulated. The dominance of woolly rhinoceros, bison and Przewalski horse bones are typical for hyena bone assemblages in European low mountain regions, where mammoth was nearly absent as a result of topography. In the Thuringian Karst Mountains nine Late Pleistocene Ice Age spotted hyena den sites are identified. Solely hyena dens are present in Zechstein open air gypsum and limestone karstic regions of Bad Köstritz, Krölpa and Fuchsluken Cavities near Saalfeld. In the Wüste Scheuer their remains overlap with Middle Palaeolithic Neanderthal human camp sites, similar as in the Ilsen Cave at Ranis and Lindenthal Cave in Gera, which demonstrates competition for prey and shelter cavities. At such cave sites, bone remains were historically misinterpreted as „solely of Neanderthal human kitchen rubbish” or even as “bone tools” (e.g. “bone scrapers” = woolly rhinoceros tibia bones chewed by hyenas).
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; late pleistocene ; Ice Age spotted hyenas ; den types ; Thuringian Mountains ; Central Germany
    Language: English
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    Ein Uferprofil am Priesterbäker See: Slawenzeitlich-mittelalterliche Seespiegelschwankungen im Bereich der „Specker Seen“ (Mecklenburg) (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Eine durch einen Bodenschurf aufgeschlossene Boden-Sediment-Folge einer alten Seeterrasse im Einzugsgebiet des Priesterbäker Sees zeigt deutliche Fazieswechsel im Uferbereich des Gewässers. Die Abfolge von liegenden humosen Sanden, welche einen ehemaligen Verlandungssaum nachzeichnen, limnischen Sanden mit Bodenbildung und hangenden Flugsanden belegt Änderungen in der Sedimentation, welche mit säkularen Grundwasser- bzw. Seespiegelschwankungen zu erklären sind. Mit Hilfe von geophysikalischen Datierungen lassen sich gegenüber dem heutigen Niveau höhere Wasserstände für den Priesterbäker See bzw. die so genannten „Specker Seen“ östlich der Müritz während des 7.–9. und 12.–14. Jahrhunderts ableiten.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; seespiegelschwankungen ; mecklenburg ; Seeterrasse ; Priesterbäker See ; Slawenzeit
    Language: German
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    Weichselzeitliche Kryocalcite als Hinweise für Eisseen in der Hüttenbläserschachthöhle (Iserlohn/NRW) (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: C/O-stable isotope composition (VPDB) of speleothems from the Makkaronihalle of the Hüttenbläserschacht Cave in Iserlohn shows a clear separation between glacial and interglacial calcites. In contrast to normal speleothems (stalagmites, excentriques, crystals in cave ponds, draperies; δ18O: –4.0 to –6.1 ‰, δ13C: –4.9 to –10.9 ‰), rhombohedral crystal sinter and spherulitic speleoparticles are characterised by lower δ18O (–8.9 to –17.9 ‰) and higher δ13C values (+0.7 to –6.1 ‰). This suggests that these speleogenetic particles were formed in slowly freezing waterpools on ice during the transition from a stadial to an interstadial phase. Precise 230Th/U-dating shows younger Weichselian ages of 28.6 to 33.0 ka for these speleogenetic particles from north-west Germany. These formation periods indicate freezing conditions overlain by 34 m of hostrock and provide the minimum depth of permafrost penetration for the younger Weichselian in the area of the northern Sauerland (north-west Germany).
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; permafrost ; Cryogenic calcites ; C/O isotopes ; Upper Weichselian ; ice caves ; north-western Germany
    Language: German
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    Spätsaalezeitliche und eemzeitliche Makrofaunen aus dem Kliffaufschluss Klein Klütz Höved (NW-Mecklenburg) (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: On the basis of the work done by Strahl et al. (1994), the mollusc specimens in the Late Saalian glacial and Eemian interglacial sediments from the cliff outcrop of Klein Klütz Höved (NW Mecklenburg) were re-examined and, in the process, a few vertebrates (fishes, micromammals) were also found. The mollusc specimens from the Late Saalian sand and mud alone comprise approximately 40 species among which terrestrial varieties, e.g. Succinella oblonga, Pupilla loessica, P. pratensis, Vallonia tenuilabris or Vertigo genesii, are clearly predominant as far as the number of individual specimens is concerned. Among the limnic varieties were also found the glacial index species Pisidium obtusale f. lapponicum and P. stewarti. It was also possible to prove the northern-most presence for Germany of the steppe lemming Lagurus lagurus in the Late Saalian. In the Eemian mud, the molluscs found were almost exclusively limnic. This about 20 species comprising fauna is characte-ristic of a river system with calmer areas, oxbow lakes and in-coming springs. These fluvial conditions were confirmed by the freshwater bivalves Pisidium amnicum, P. supinum, P. moitessierianum, P. ponderosum and Unio tumidus. For the first time in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, evidence was found of the spring snail Belgrandia germanica as an interglacial index species. The limnic-fluvial section of the Eemian is topped by a cryoturbate structures. Its sandy, gravelly pockets contain marine molluscs. The index species for the marine Eemian found in the southern Baltic region are Polititapes senescens and Bittium reticulatum.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; molluscs ; Saalian deposits ; limnic and marine Eemian facies ; Belgrandia germanica ; micromammals ; Lagurus lagurus ; Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
    Language: German
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    Klima, Grundwassernutzung oder Waldbewirtschaftung? Ursachen tendenziell fallender Grundwasserstände am Beispiel Südwest-Usedoms (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Tendenziell fallende Grundwasserstände können vielfältige Ursachen haben, z.B. die Änderung der klimatischen Bedingungen, Modifikationen der Landnutzung oder die Entnahme von Grundwasser. Am Beispiel Südwest-Usedoms wird dargestellt, wie mögliche Einflussfaktoren analysiert und quantifiziert werden können. Für das Untersuchungsgebiet zeigte sich, dass die über Jahrzehnte gesunkenen Grundwasserstände überwiegend aus der Kahlschlagbewirtschaftung des Waldes resultieren und damit weniger einen Trend als eine überjährliche Schwankung ausweisen.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; forest ; Sickerwasser ; Grundwasser ; Grundwasserneubildung ; Wald ; Landschaftswasserhaushalt ; Trend ; Grundwasserentnahme ; geohydraulisches Modell ; Landscape water regime ; Groundwater ; Groundwater recharge ; percolate water ; Groundwater extraction ; Groundwater modelling ; Geohydraulic model ; Grundwasserströmung ; Modellierung
    Language: German
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    Bw horizon in Holocene slope deposits (Kratzeburg, NE Germany) – dating and pedological characteristics (2015)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: A soil-sediment sequence in NE Germany has provided information about the duration and intensity of formation of a Bw horizon in Holocene slope deposits. With a combination of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), 14C- and archaeological dating methods, colluvial layers taken from a former castle wall trench constructed during the Bronze Age were dated. With this chronology, the relative age of the postsedimentary Bw horizon formation within the colluvial sediments was derived, resulting in the first valid pedochronological data (maximum and minimum age) for a Holocene Bw horizon in NE Germany. The horizon was formed within 2400 years. Weathering and brunification have altered the Holocene parent material. However, the geochemical characteristics of the Holocene soil formation are weak compared to Bw horizons from the Late Glacial and the Late Glacial to Holocene. The results presented here enhance our understanding of soil formation processes in northern Germany, while highlighting the role of colluvial layers as sedimentological tracers of Holocene soil formation processes.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; holocene ; ne germany ; dating ; Bw horizon ; Slope deposits ; soil formation
    Language: English
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  • 64
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    Holocene Vegetation and Land Use History in the Northern Vosges (France) (2015)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: A radiocarbon-dated peat profile from Rond Pertuis supérieure mire in the uplands of the Northern Vosges is studied using palynological methods. The profile dates from the middle Atlantic period (4500–3100 B.C.) to recent times. During the middle of the Atlantic period an oak forest rich in pine covered the Northern Vosges. Fir and beech immigrated at the end of the Atlantic leading to the decline of oak and pine in the forest. This also marked the onset of decisive human influence on the development of the terrestrial vegetation. Five land use phases were detected, the first one at the end of the Neolithic period (~4000–2200 B.C.). Subsequently, continuous land use is evident from the Bronze Age (2200–800 B.C.) up to now. In the late Middle Ages (A.D. 900–1500) and the early Modern Era (since A.D. 1500), the woodlands were completely altered by human activities. During the 19th century modern forestry introduced spruce into the investigated area in the Northern Vosges. Spruce afforestation then accelerated in the middle of the 20th century.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; holocene ; pollen analysis ; france ; human impact ; Northern Vosges
    Language: English
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  • 65
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    Continuous Seasonal River Ebullition Measurements Linked to Sediment Methane Formation (2015)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  Environmental Science & Technology, 49 (22). pp. 13121-13129.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-10-24
    Description: Laboratory sediment incubations and continuous ebullition monitoring over an annual cycle in the temperate Saar River, Germany confirm that impounded river zones can produce and emit methane at high rates (7 to 30 (g CH4 m–3 d–1) at 25 °C and 270 to 700 (g CH4 m–2 yr–1), respectively). Summer methane ebullition (ME) peaks were a factor of 4 to 10 times the winter minima, and sediment methane formation was dominated by the upper sediment (depths of 0.14 to 0.2 m). The key driver of the seasonal ME dynamics was temperature. An empirical model relating methane formation to temperature and sediment depth, derived from the laboratory incubations, reproduced the measured daily ebullition from winter to midsummer, although late summer and autumn simulated ME exceeded the observed ME. A possible explanation for this was substrate limitation. We recommend measurements of methanogenically available carbon sources to identify substrate limitation and help characterize variation in methane formation with depth and from site to site.
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  • 66
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    Climato-stratigraphic subdivision of the Pleistocene in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany and adjoining areas (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In Schleswig-Holstein wurden in den zurückliegenden vier Jahrzehnten detaillierte Untersuchungen an Probenmaterial aus Aufschlüssen und Kernbohrungen durchgeführt. Analysen der Kiesfraktion und von ‚Leitgeschieben‘ aus glazialen Ablagerungen wurden für die Interpretation und Korrelation genutzt. Glazifluviatile Sedimente wurden TL- und OSL-datiert. Zusammen mit der stratigraphischen Information aus organischen Ablagerungen konnte eine neue klimatostratigraphische Tabelle des Pleistozäns für Schleswig-Holstein mit revidierter Gliederung des Mittel- und Oberpleistozäns erstellt werden. Die Pollensequenz der ältesten pleistozänen Warmzeit (Warmhörn-Thermomer) wird erstmals veröffentlicht. Das Unterpleistozän (Altpleistozän) und das untere Mittelpleistozän sind bei Lieth und bei Gorleben (Niedersachsen) in zwei kontinuierlichen Schichtfolgen vollständig dokumentiert, abgelagert in einem Wechsel von warmen und kalten Klimaphasen. Der oberste Abschnitt der Abfolge von Lieth und der unterste der Abfolge von Gorleben überlappen. Die kombinierte Abfolge bietet ein einzigartiges Referenzprofil für Korrelationen innerhalb Europas. Bisher wurden in Schleswig-Holstein nur drei Kaltzeiten mit Vergletscherungen nachgewiesen, Elster- und Saale-Kaltzeit im oberen Mittelpleistozän und die Weichsel-Kaltzeit im Oberpleistozän. Eine mögliche prä-elsterzeitliche Vergletscherung wird diskutiert. Die Holstein-Warmzeit wird mit MIS 9e korreliert. Das Saale umfasst einen unteren Abschnitt mit nicht-glaziären Kaltzeiten und mit Warmzeiten, der ‚Wacken-Warmzeit‘ (=Dömnitz) und der ‚Leck-Warmzeit‘, korreliert mit MIS 7e und MIS 7c, und einen glaziären oberen Abschnitt. Während des Weichsel gab es wahrscheinlich zwei Phasen mit Vergletscherung, die erste im frühen Mittelweichsel (‚Ellund-Phase‘, spätes MIS 4 oder/und frühes MIS 3), die zweite im oberen Weichsel (MIS 2). Die weichselzeitliche Vergletscherung Schleswig-Holsteins endet um 15 ka BP, als großflächige stagnierende Eisflächen und Toteismassen des Jungbaltischen Gletschervorstoßes (‘Mecklenburg-Phase’) schmolzen.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; pleistocene ; schleswig-holstein ; pléistocène ; correlations ; climato-stratigraphic table
    Language: English
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  • 67
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    Driving mechanisms of Holocene lagoon development and barrier accretion in Northern Elis, Peloponnese, inferred from the sedimentary record of the Kotychi Lagoon (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: As part of the lagoon barrier accretions plain characterizing the NW coast of the Peloponnese, the Kotychi Lagoon is believed to have formed in the prograding delta of the Palaeo-Peneus River over 7000 years ago. Geochemical/sedimentological proxies-data (XRF, grain size, OC-, IC-, C/N-analysis) combined with Bayesian age-depth-modeling revealed that from 8500 to 8000 cal BP marine conditions were prevailing. Around 8000 cal BP, a short-lived sequence of coastline progradation and barrier accretion created lagoonal conditions. Thus, the first chronological control for the onset of lagoon formation in coastal Elis is presented. Pronounced lagoonal conditions developed approximately 6300 cal BP, simultaneously to the period of circum-Mediterranean lagoon formation. A rapidly varying sedimentary record indicates a phase of geomorphological instability between 5200 and 3500 cal BP terminating with the erosional unconformity of a river channel. This evolution reflects a two-phase development: (1) Early Holocene morphology was controlled by the postglacial sea level rise; (2) with receding of the ice sheets by mid-Holocene, the preeminent role of the eustatic signal was overwhelmed giving local and regional processes, such as human-induced soil erosion and climatic forcing an accentuated role. Thus, the evolution of the Elean coastline shows analogies to circum-Mediterranean lagoon formation.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; geochemistry ; lagoon ; sea level change ; Greece ; Holocene coastal evolution ; XRF
    Language: English
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  • 68
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    Climato-stratigraphic subdivision of the Pleistocene in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany and adjoining areas (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In Schleswig-Holstein detailed petrographical and palynological studies were undertaken with samples from exposures and core drillings examined over the last four decades. Analyses of the gravel fraction and ‘indicator rocks’ of glacial deposits were used for stratigraphical interpretations and correlation. Glaciofluvial sediments were dated by TL and OSL. Combined with the stratigraphical information from organic deposits, a new climato-stratigraphic table of the Pleistocene for Schleswig-Holstein with a revised subdivision of the Middle and Late Pleistocene could be established. The pollen sequence of the oldest Pleistocene warm phase (Warmhörn-Thermomer) is published for the first time. The complete Early Pleistocene and lower Middle Pleistocene stratigraphical sequence is documented at Lieth and at Gorleben (Lower Saxony) in two continuous successions of organic beds developed during warm phases alternating with cold phase deposits. The uppermost part of the Lieth succession and the lowermost part of Gorleben overlap. The combined succession provides a unique reference for correlations through Europe. No more than three cold stages involving glaciation are demonstrated to exist currently in Schleswig-Holstein, the Elsterian and the Saalian in the upper Middle Pleistocene, and the Weichselian in the Late Pleistocene. A possible pre-Elsterian glaciation is discussed. The Holsteinian is correlated with MIS 9e. The Saalian includes a lower part with non-glacial cold phases and warm phases, the ‘Wacken-Warmzeit’ (=Dömnitz) and the ‘Leck-Warmzeit’ correlated with MIS 7e and MIS 7c respectively, and a glacial upper part. During the Weichselian probably two phases of glaciation existed, the first in the early Middle Weichselian (‘Ellund-Phase’; late MIS 4 or/and the early MIS 3), the second in the Upper Weichselian (MIS 2). The Weichselian glaciation of Schleswig-Holstein ends around 15 ka BP when huge stagnant and dead ice masses of the Young Baltic glacier advance (‘Mecklenburg-Phase’) melted.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; pleistocene ; schleswig-holstein ; pléistocène ; correlations ; climato-stratigraphic table
    Language: English
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    Ice Age geomorphological Ahorn Valley and Ailsbach River terrace evolution – and its importance for the cave use possibilities by cave bears, top predators (hyenas, wolves and lions) and humans (Neanderthals, Late Palaeolithics) in the Frankonian Karst (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The Sophie’s Cave in Upper Franconia, Bavaria (South Germany) eroded into Upper Jurassic reef dolomite and is a perfect model including all three stages of cave development ranging from a 1. ponor cave, to 2. intermediate periodically flooded cave to 3. dry cave. The key position of the cave along the Ahorn Valley, a side valley of the larger Wiesent River Valley, allow a cave genesis and evolution reconstruction which started in the Pliocene. The main refill took place in the Quaternary with Middle to Late Pleistocene river terrace sediments, present as relict sediments. Seven valley genesis stages between Pliocene to final Late Pleistocene can be separated in elevations of 440 to 375 meters a.s.l. The lowering of the Ailsbach River in the Ahorn Valley is important to understand the accessibility of caves for Pleistocene animals and Palaeolithic humans in different valley positions and elevations during different times in Upper Franconia, and the natural erosive opening/closing of cave entrances towards drainage valleys.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; bavaria ; cave ; ice age ; Ahorn Valley ; Alsbach River ; terrace evolution ; bears ; humans ; Neanderthals ; Late Palaeolithics
    Language: English
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    Erwägungen zur Korrelation mittelpleistozäner Relikte des Rheingletschers mit der Nordschweizer Stratigraphie (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: In the glaciation history of Switzerland (Preusser, Graf, Keller, Krayss & Schlüchter 2011) is shown that two (possibly three) older glacials had happened before the well known glacials Würm = Birrfeld and Riss = Beringen. These are the Habsburg- and the Möhlin-Glacials. In this paper selected key regions in Southern Germany are analysed litho- and morphostratigraphically. This analysis enables us to find the two older glacials proved also at the Rhine Glacier. The period of the „Deckenschotter“-glaciations is followed by a time of striking fluvial erosion (MPR = Middle Pleistocene Reorganisation) in the region of Lake Constance. It is demonstrated that the glaciers of the subsequent Middle Pleistocene glacials exarated the overdeepened Lake Constance basin. The oldest of these „Becken-Glacials“ is named „Größtes Rheinisches Glazial“ (GRG) = Möhlin in the northern part of Switzerland. It corresponds to the Hosskirch introduced by Ellwanger (2003). In the northern Rhine Glacier region the most external glacial deposits belong to this glaciation. Earlier in the northwestern part these deposits are interpreted as Riss-Glacial, but in the northeast as Mindel-Glacial. The GRG evidently must be older than Riss, but younger than the „Younger Deckenschotter“. Therefore Mindel in the northeastern region would be a Becken-Glacial. In the northern part of Switzerland the Habsburg-Glacial nearly reached the extension of the Würm-Glacial. In the region of the Rhine Glacier references and/or indications of the Habsburg-Glacial could be found in a band width corresponding to the Würm, but outside it as well. In the northern region of the Rhine Glacier this vast glaciation has not been discovered up to now because the subsequent glacials Riss and Würm mainly destroyed its relics. To classify the „Greatest Rhine Glacial“ GRG as well as the Habsburg-Glacial chronologically interpolated interglacials with time marks can be applied: IG Unterpfauzenwald – GRG – IG Holstein – Habsburg – IG Meikirch – Riss – IG Eem. Accordingly a temporal classification for the glacials results as follows: (GRG) +350 ka BP (MIS 10), Habsburg +250 ka BP (MIS 8), Riss +150 ka BP (MIS 6).
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; glacial deposits ; chronostratigraphy ; alpine foreland ; glacial drainage ; Rhine Glacier
    Language: German
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    Holotype skulls, stratigraphy, bone taphonomy and excavation history in the Zoolithen Cave and new theory about Esper’s “great deluge” (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: The Zoolithen Cave, in the Wiesent River Valley of Upper Franconia, Bavaria, South Germany, has a very long excavation history. The site is of international paleobiological importance as the Type site for five Pleistocene top predators (cave bear, Ice Age hyena, lion, wolf, dhole). This large cave system has developed in three elevations and preserves three fluvial sedimentary sequences including two speleothem genesis phases representing changing ponor, dry and wet stages from the Oligocene/Miocene (Neogene), over the Pliocene/Early Pleistocene to Late Pleistocene. The cave bear Ursus deningeri used the cave as den during the MIS 6–9 (Holsteinian interglacial-Saalian glacial). Single P4 tooth and skull shape analyses (“= cave bear clock”) date different cave bear species (U. spelaeus eremus/spelaeus, U. ingressus) within the Late Pleistocene (MIS 3–5d). Finally the bones of other Pleistocene megamammals were washed from two former cave entrances at elevations of about 455 m a.s.l. up to 30 meters deep into lower elevation cave parts, during the Last Glacial Maximum (Post-U. deningeri times or Postglacial), -historically believed to be the result of the “great deluge”. The young “river terrace dolomite gravels” which occur as relic sediments at elevations of about 455 a.s.l in several caves around Muggendorf cannot be explained by natural erosion/river terrace stratigraphy, and must relate to an uncertain glacial context. Finally Iron Age (La Tène) humans left secondary burials (human skulls and long bones with pottery and after-life food animal donations) only in the first deep vertical shaft (Aufzugsschacht) similar to the situation in the nearby Esper’s Cave.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; stratigraphy ; Holotype skulls ; bone taphonomy ; excavation history of the Zoolithen Cave ; new theory about Esper's "great deluge"
    Language: English
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    Ice-Rafted Erratics and Bergmounds from Pleistocene Outburst Floods, Rattlesnake Mountain, Washington, USA (2014)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Exotic ice-rafted debris from the breakup of ice-dammed glacial lakes Missoula and Columbia is common in slackwater areas along the 1,100-km route for outburst floods in the northwestern US. A detailed analysis was performed at Rattlesnake Mountain, which lay beyond the limit of the former ice sheet, where an exceptionally high concentration of ice-rafted debris exists midway along the floods’ path. Here floodwaters temporarily rose to 380 m elevation (forming short-lived Lake Lewis) behind the first substantial hydraulic constriction for the outburst floods near Wallula Gap. Within the 60 km2 study area more than 2,100 erratic isolates and clusters, as well as bergmounds were recorded. Three quarters of erratic boulders are of an exotic granitic composition, which stand in stark contrast to dark Columbia River basalt, the sole bedrock in the region. Other exotics include Proterozoic quartzite and argillite as well as gneiss, diorite, schist and gabbro, all once in direct contact with the Cordilleran Ice Sheet to the north. Most ice-rafted debris is concentrated between 200 and 300 m elevation. Far fewer erratics and bergmounds lie above 300 m elevation because of the preponderance of less-than-maximum floods. Plus, larger deep-rooted icebergs were forced to ground farther away from the ancient shorelines of transient Lake Lewis. As floodwaters moved across the uneven surface of Rattlesnake Mountain, many erratic-bearing icebergs congregated into pre-existing gullies that trend crosswise to flood flow.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; ice-rafted debris ; erratic ; bergmound ; Missoula floods ; Wallula Gap ; Lake Lewis ; glacial Lake Missoula ; Wisconsin Glaciation ; Columbia River basalt
    Language: English
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    High Pressure Rheology of Hydrate Slurries Formed from Water-in-Mineral Oil Emulsions (2014)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 53 (17). pp. 6998-7007.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-03
    Description: Structure I methane hydrates are formed in situ from water-in-mineral oil emulsions in a high pressure rheometer cell. Viscosity is measured as hydrates form, grow, change under flow, and dissociate. Experiments are performed at varying water volume fraction in the original emulsion (0–0.40), temperature (0–6 °C), and initial pressure of methane (750–1500 psig). Hydrate slurries exhibit a sharp increase in viscosity upon hydrate formation, followed by complex behavior dictated by factors including continued hydrate formation, shear alignment, methane depletion/dissolution, aggregate formation, and capillary bridging. Hydrate slurries possess a yield stress and are shear-thinning fluids, which are described by the Cross model. Hydrate slurry viscosity and yield stress increased with increasing water volume fraction. As driving force for hydrate formation decreases (increasing temperature, decreasing pressure), hydrate slurry viscosity increases, suggesting that slower hydrate formation leads to larger and more porous aggregates. In total, addition of water to a methane saturated oil can cause more than a fifty-fold increase in viscosity if hydrates form.
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    Last Interglacial paleosols with Argic horizons in Upper Austria and Central Russia (2013)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The paleosols of the Last Interglacial are presented in many loess sequences of the European temperate zone by soils with Argic horizon, that are considered to be the pedological response to the bioclimatic conditions of that period. We studied micromorphological, physical/chemical (bulk chemical composition, texture and dithionite-extractable iron) and mineralogical characteristics of two profiles – an Eemian Luvisol in Upper Austria (Oberlaab) and a Mikulino Albeluvisol in Central Russia (Alexandrov Quarry near Kursk) to compare them with recent analogous soils and to make further paleoecological and chronological inferences. Both profiles showed a set of characteristics indicative for weathering of primary minerals, clay transformation illuviation and surface redoximorphic (stagnic) processes. Paleosols demonstrate more advanced development than the Holocene analogues manifested however in different pedogenetic characteristics. The Eemian Luvisol in Upper Austria is characterized by stronger clay illuviation manifested in higher clay content and abundance of illuvial clay pedofeatures in the Bt horizon. Mikulino Albeluvisol in Central Russia is more strongly affected by eluvial and stagnic processes evidenced by deeper and more intensive accumulation of bleached silty material and clay depletion. We suppose that the properties of parent material are responsible for these differences. Russian Albeluvisol is formed on the Dnepr loess poor in weatherable minerals and having limited capacity for buffering acidity and clay formation. The higher development status of the Last Interglacial paleosols compared to the Holocene soils having however same type pedogenesis implies longer soil formation period, that agree with some of the paleobotanical proxies and could include besides MIS 5e part of MIS 5d; the warmer and moister paleoclimate during MIS 5e could also account for more advanced paleosol development Several phases of clay illuviation interrupted by frost structuring and deformation are detected in the Eemian Bt horizon in Upper Austria. It suppose even longer development that could extend to the Early Würmian interstadials (late substages of MIS5).
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; paleosol ; paleoclimate ; last interglacial ; Argic horizon
    Language: English
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    Paleopedological record along the loess-paleosol sequence in Oberlaab, Austria (2013)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: A detailed study of a loess-paleosol sequence in Oberlaab, Upper Austria, is presented with emphasis on macro- and micromorphological features, grain size distribution, rock magnetism properties, and weathering degree that allows correlation with other loess-paleosol sequences in neighboring areas, and interpretation of main pedogenic trends. The studied sequence comprises four paleosol complexes, which likely developed during four interglacial stages MIS 11, 9, 7 and 5e, and a modern soil. The oldest paleosol complex (OL5) represents three phases of soil formation, and distinct sedimentary events never reported in the area, with strong reductomorphic properties. The OL4 profile also results from three phases of pedogenesis with increased reductomorphic features in the deepest zone (affected by cryoturbation events). OL3 has abundant features related to gleyic/stagnic processes, but shows signs of clay illuviation. OL2 (Eemian soil) correlates with the MIS 5e. This paleosol shows higher degrees of clay illuviation and weathering, and fewer features related to reductomorphic processes. The modern soil is also polygenetic and constitutes a pedocomplex. Its lowermost part is formed by Würmian glacial deposits, where no well-developed soils are found; only reworked materials and pedosediments. Main pedogenic trends in the sequence are clearly differentiated. All of the paleosols were formed in humid environments, but differing in drainage conditions. The base, with OL5 and OL4 paleosols, was more affected by gleyic processes, while in the upper paleosols, especially OL2, clay illuviation is dominant. We interpret such differences to be caused by the topographic position. The basal paleosols were more affected by fluvioglacial processes due to their position on top of the terrace. The upper paleosols received increased amounts of sediment through fluvial, colluvial and aeolian (loess) input.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; loess ; paleosol ; pedogenesis ; middle pleistocene ; Oberlaab
    Language: English
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    Paudorf locus typicus (Lower Austria) revisited (2013)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The more than 12 m thick loess-paleosol sequence in Paudorf, Lower Austria, has been known for decades as locus typicus of the “Paudorfer Bodenbildung” (Paudorf paleosol). The upper section of the outcrop contains an up to 1 m thick pedocomplex that developed during MIS 5. The differentiated sequence of loess-like sediment below, including a more than 2 m thick pedocomplex in its basal part, is an exceptional archive of landscape evolution from the Middle Pleistocene. Herein we present detailed paleopedological and sedimentological surveys, as well as first micromorphological observations to address the sequence in its entirety and the processes leading to its genesis. Furthermore, high resolution color and carbonate analyses, as well as detailed texture analyses, have resulted in a substantial database. The studies show that the loess sediments were subject to a polygenetic development under periglacial conditions reflected in eolian silt and fine sand accumulation, admixture of local material during (mostly solifluidal) redeposition and in situ processes. Horizons with signs of pedogenesis, particularly the two pedocomplexes, document longer phases of stability; the stages of development can be correlated to equivalent sequences and seen as paleoclimatic signals where chronological data are available. The upper pedocomplex is a Chernozem of the early last glacial (MIS 5c–[a?]), which developed in a solifluidal redeposited (MIS 5d) interglacial Cambisol (MIS 5e). Cryosols, typical for MIS 6 sequences, are present in the loess sediment below. The lower pedocomplex formed during several warm stages of varying intensities, with interruptions caused by colluvial processes and admixture of eolian sediment during colder stages.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; micromorphology ; loess ; lower austria ; paudorf ; middle pleistocene ; paleopedology ; landscape formation
    Language: English
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    Magnetic excursions recorded in the Middle to Upper Pleistocene loess/palaeosol sequence Wels-Aschet (Austria). (2013)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die paläomagnetische Bearbeitung der Mittel- bis Oberpleistozänen Löss-/Paläoboden-Sequenz im Areal der ehemaligen Ziegelei Würzburger in Aschet bei Wels vor. Fünf intensiv entwickelte Paläoböden, bzw. Pedokomplexe wechseln mit dazwischen geschalteten Lößlehmlagen ab. Im Rahmen einer Aufbaggerung konnte ein Profil mit einer Mächtigkeit von über 12 m erschlossen werden. Für die magnetostratigraphischen Laboruntersuchungen im Paläomagnetiklabor der Montanuniversität Leoben wurden insgesamt 587 orientierte Proben entnommen, so dass eine beinahe lückenlose Beprobung vorliegt. Die Proben wurden mit magnetischen Wechselfeldern sowie thermisch abmagnetisiert. Zur Bestimmung der magnetischen Trägerminerale in den Sedimenten wurden Curiepunkt-Bestimmungen durchgeführt, die eine Hauptträgerphase mit einem Curie-Punkt bei ca. 580°C (Magnetit), sowie untergeordnete Anteile von Hämatit mit 670°C Curie-Punkt ergaben. Die magnetischen Parameter zeigen eine Folge von Bereichen mit intensiver Magnetitbildung in den Paläoböden, die dem relativ wärmeren Klima von Interglazialen zugeordnet werden können. Die Mehrzahl der Proben zeigen charakteristische Remanenzrichtungen im Bereich des normalen pleistozänen Erdmagnetfeldes. In einigen Profilabschnitten traten stark abweichende Remanenzrichtungen auf, die auf Exkursionen des Erdmagnetfeldes hinweisen. Die beobachteten Exkursionen im Profil Wels-Aschet werden aufgrund paläopedologischer-pedostratigraphischer Ergebnisse in das Zeitintervall von 570 ka (Emperor - Big Lost - Calabrian Ridge) bis 110 ka (Blake) gestellt. Die Brunhes/Matuyama-Grenze (776 ka) wurde nicht erreicht.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; pleistocene ; loess ; pléistocène ; chronostratigraphy ; palaeosol ; upper austria ; magnetic excursion ; rock magnetic properties
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 78
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    A stratigraphic concept for Middle Pleistocene Quaternary sequences in Upper Austria (2013)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Auf den mittelpleistozänen fluvioglazialen Terrassen der Traun-Enns-Platte in der Region um Wels (Oberösterreich) wurden drei Löss-/Paläobodensequenzen untersucht. Jedes dieser Profile ist für mittelpleistozäne Abfolgen im nordöstlichen Alpenvorland charakteristisch. Die Profile umfassen mächtige Pedokomplexe, welche eine Differenzierung und Einstufung von interglazialen Paläoböden erlauben. Die Löss-/Paläobodensequenz von Oberlaab ist auf der fluvioglazialen Terrasse des Mindel-Glazials im klassischen Sinne entwickelt (Jüngere Deckenschotter) und weist vier interglaziale Paläoböden auf. Diese Tatsache macht eine Einstufung der Jüngeren Deckenschotter mindestens in die fünftletzte Kaltzeit wahrscheinlich (MIS 12). Die Deckschichten auf den Günz-Deckenschottern im klassischen Sinn (Ältere Deckenschotter) beinhalten fünf Paläoböden. Beide Lokalitäten weisen eine sehr intensive Pedogenese in ihrem basalen Pedokomplex auf, die wesentlich ausgeprägter ist, als in den überlagernden Paläoböden. Die pedostratigraphischen Ergebnisse lassen eine Einstufung der Älteren Deckenschotter mindestens ins MIS 16 zu.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; loess ; quaternary stratigraphy ; Wels-Aschet ; Oberlaab ; landscape formation ; palaeosol
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 79
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    Grain size and mineralogical indicators of weathering in the Oberlaab loess-paleosol sequence, Upper Austria (2013)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Grain size analyses, bulk and clay mineralogical data were used to characterize weathering within the loess-paleosol-sequence of Oberlaab in Upper Austria. Soil horizons can be clearly identified by the calculation of weathering index Kd from granulometric parameters. The mineralogical composition of the bulk samples shows increasing weathering intensity from the top to the bottom. The weakest weathering stage 1 is not present in Oberlaab, because all samples are free of carbonate minerals. Weathering stage 2 can be found in the upper part of the profile, whereas stage 3 is mainly present in the lowermost horizons. The highest weathering stages 4 and 5 are not present in Oberlaab. The clay mineral distribution in the profile is dominated by the disappearance of primary chlorite in the upper part of the profile and the neoformation of vermiculites from illite by pedogenesis in the lower part. Two different types of mixed layer minerals were found in the pedocomplexes. An illite/chlorite mixed layer mineral occurs following the disappearance of chlorite and is present in the Eemian luvisol. The second mixed layer mineral consists of illite/vermiculite and is present in the whole profile. The weathering stages obtained from the clay mineral composition are slightly lower than that of bulk mineralogy, but reach as well stage 3 in the lower part of the profile.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; paleosols ; clay minerals ; vermiculite ; secondary chlorite ; weathering index Kd
    Language: English
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  • 80
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    Zur Landschafts- und Gewässergeschichte der Müritz: Umweltgeschichtlich orientierte Bohrungen 2004-2006 zur Rekonstruktion der nacheiszeitlichen Entwicklung (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Mit 113,5 km2 Wasserfläche und einem Einzugsgebiet von 1230 km2 ist die Müritz (62 m HN) der zweitgrösste See des nordmitteleuropäischen Tieflandes (Knapp et al. 1999). Sie war in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten bereits mehrfach das Ziel paläohydrologischer und landschaftsgenetischer Untersuchungen,
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; VAG 000 ; UB 000 ; Geomorphologie {Geologie} ; Hydrosphäre der Festlandgewässer {Hydrologie} ; Müritz ; Geologie ; Hydrologie ; Gewässer ; eiszeit
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion , monograph
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  • 81
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    Halle-Exkursion 2010 des Geowissenschaftlichen Vereins Neubrandenburg e.V. (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Herbstexkursion der Sammlergruppe führte 21 Mitglieder und Freunde des Geowissenschaftlichen Vereins Neubrandenburg vom 30. September bis 3. Oktober 2010 in die Geologie von Halle/Saale und Umgebung. Im Stadtgebiet selbst besichtigten wir neben den Baudenkmälern vor allem Zeugnisse der Salzsiedekunst, das Geiseltalmuseum sowie Aufschlüsse rhyolithischer Gesteine des halleschen Vulkanitkomplexes (HVK). Exkursionsziele in der nördlichen Umgebung waren Zeugnisse des historischen und aktuellen Bergbaus auf Steinkohle, Kupferschiefer und Hartgestein.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Exkursion ; Halle
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 82
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    Findling Trissow (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Der große Findling von Trissow wird mittels petrographischer Untersuchungen und Vergleichen als granatführender Cordieritgneis aus der Sörmlandmulde bestimmt und beschrieben. Weitere Funde des Gesteins in der Umgebung im Zusammenhang mit typischem Stockholmgranit weisen für die Region ein mögliches gehäuftes Auftreten der Geschiebegemeinschaft aus der Sörmlandregion südlich Stockholms hin.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Findling ; Trissow
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 83
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    Der Neubrandenburger Maler Manfred Asmuss und das geologische Naturerbe (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die besondere Naturraumausstattung Mecklenburgs wird seit Jahrhunderten bis in die Gegenwart von zahlreichen Malern in Bildern dargestellt. Zu ihnen gehört auch Manfred Asmuss, Mitglied des Geowissenschaftlichen Vereins Neubrandenburg e.V.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Geologie ; Manfred Asmuss ; Malerei
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 84
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    Klassifikation und Aufbau ausgewählter Vorkommen glazilimnischer Sedimente nördlich der Pommerschen Eisrandlage im brandenburgischen Abschnitt der Erdgasfernleitung OPAL (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Ostsee-Pipeline-Anbindungsleitung (OPAL) verläuft über 470 km von Lubmin bei Greifswald bis nach Olbernhau an der deutsch-tschechischen Grenze (vgl. Höhlschen 2011). 270 km der Leitung durchziehen von Nord nach Süd das östliche Brandenburg (Abb. 1). Die Pipeline mit einem Durchmesser von 1,40 m wurde im brandenburger Abschnitt zwischen April 2010 und April 2011 verlegt. Im Zuge des Leitungsbaus wurde ein nahezu kontinuierlicher Aufschluss von 2,5 bis 3,5 m Tiefe geschaffen, der einmalige Einblicke in die oberflächennah anstehenden Ablagerungen bot. Ein erster, zusammenfassender Überblick der Ergebnisse wurde für Brandenburg von Juschus et al. 2011 gegeben, für den nördlich angrenzenden Abschnitt Vorpommerns von Börner et al. 2011.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Sedimentologie ; OPAL
    Language: German
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  • 85
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    „Strukturelle Evolution“ der Staatlichen Geologie in Neubrandenburg – „Öffnung“ und „Schließung“ aus Verwaltungs-tektonischer Sicht (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Rede des Leiters des Geologischen Dienstes von Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Prof. Dr. habil. Ralf-Otto Niedermeyer, im Rahmen des Abschluss-Kolloquiums am 24. November 2009 anlässlich der Schließung der Außenstelle (Geologisches Regionalarchiv) Neubrandenburg des Landesamtes für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Geologie (LUNG) Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (MV) zum Jahresende 2009.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Rede
    Language: German
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  • 86
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    Steine am Stolper Turm (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Der Turm zu Stolpe stellt das bedeutendste mittelalterliche Steinbauwerk des 12 Jh. in der nördlichen Uckermark dar. Es wurden zu seinem Bau neben dem Backstein sowohl vor Ort auffindbare Findlinge (skandinavische Geschiebe) als auch importierte und behauene Blöcke des quarzitisch gebundenen Sandsteins von Höör/Schweden verwendet. Offensichtlich als Ersatzmaßnahmen für den Höör-Sandstein im Außenbereich wurden vermutlich örtlich vorhandene, karbonatisch gebundene, tertiäre Sandsteine verbaut.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Mittelalter ; Stolper Turm ; Stolpe ; Uckermark ; Sandstein
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 87
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    Wenn ein großer Eisbrocken schmilzt (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Förderung von Kindern und Jugendlichen nimmt in der Arbeit des Geowissenschaftlichen Vereins Neubrandenburg einen besonderen Platz ein. Vereinsmitglieder besuchen Schulen und ergänzen den Unterricht mit Vorträgen oder Seminaren, bieten Führungen und Ausflüge in die Umgebung oder unterstützen die Lehrer bei der Ausrichtung von Projekttagen, z.B. zum Thema Eiszeit und Glaziale Serie.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; eiszeit ; Bildung
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 88
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    Einsatz von GPS-Loggern zur Erfassung und Analyse der Besucherströme in Großschutzgebieten (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In welcher Weise ist die GPS gestützte Protokollierung von Wegerouten der Touristen in Nationalparks sinnvoll und möglich? Wie können erhobene Daten kartographisch ausgewertet und aussagekräftig dargestellt werden? Und wie werden die Touristen am effizientesten für eine Teilnahme akquiriert?
    Description: research
    Keywords: 910 ; QF 000 ; Angewandte Geographie ; GPS Logger ; Schutzgebietsmanagement ; Tourismus ; Nationalpark, Kartographie
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion , monograph
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  • 89
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    Zur Landschafts- und Gewässergeschichte der Müritz: Umweltgeschichtlich orientierte Bohrungen 2004–2006 zur Rekonstruktion der nacheiszeitlichen Entwicklung (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Mit 113,5 km2 Wasserfläche und einem Einzugsgebiet von 1230 km2 ist die Müritz (62 m HN) der zweitgrösste See des nordmitteleuropäischen Tieflandes (Knapp et al. 1999). Sie war in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten bereits mehrfach das Ziel paläohydrologischer und landschaftsgenetischer Untersuchungen, die sich bislang jedoch auf das terrestrische und telmatische Umfeld beschränkten. Durch Kaiser (1998) und Kaiser et al. (2002) wurde der bisherige Wissensstand detailliert zusammengefasst. Die hier vorgestellten Seebohrungen hatten das Ziel, die Landschafts- und Gewässerentwicklung anhand von Seesedimenten gut aufgelöst zu rekonstruieren und offene Fragen zu Wasserstandsschwankungen zu klären. Die Untersuchung der Seesedimente bot zudem die Chance einer über ein grosses Einzugsgebiet integrierenden Rekonstruktion der Vegetationsgeschichte sowie der erstmaligen Bearbeitung der Sedimentations- und Trophieentwicklung der Müritz seit dem Spätglazial.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; V 000 ; UB 000 ; Geologische Wissenschaften ; Hydrosphäre der Festlandgewässer {Hydrologie} ; geologie ; hydrologie ; müritz ; gewässer ; sedimente ; eiszeit ; bodengenese ; nationalpark
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion , monograph
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  • 90
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    Die Blekinge-Region – Gesteine im Anstehenden und als Geschiebe (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Eine Exkursion führte Mitglieder des Geowissenschaftlichen Vereins Neubrandenburg e.V. in die Region Blekinge in Südschweden. Sie bildet durch ihre zahlreichen anstehenden Granite und Gneise ein wesentliches Liefergebiet für die Geschiebe im östlichen Mecklenburg und Vorpommern. Gesteine aus der Region Blekinge werden als Geschiebe in der Umgebung von Neubrandenburg angetroffen und beschrieben.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Schweden ; Geschiebe ; Exkursion ; Blekinge
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 91
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    Zur periglaziären Bildung und Überformung rinnenartiger Strukturen im Jungmoränengebiet Süd-Holsteins (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Der weichselkaltzeitliche Binnensander-Bereich Bargfeld-Stegen (Schleswig-Holstein) nördlich von Hamburg ist durch intensive periglaziäre Überprägung charakterisiert. Hierbei treten rinnenartige Hohlformen (Rinnen), von bis zu 26 m Breite und 3,5 m Tiefe in den Vordergrund. Häufige Gemeinsamkeiten dieser Rinnen sind ein flach-konvexes Rinnenprofil, flache Basisflächen bzw. ein Einschneiden der Rinne bis zu einer Grenzfläche (ehem. Permafrostfläche), eine bindige Füllung mit aufgearbeitetem oder umgelagerten Till, ein diapir-artiges Aufdringen von Teilen der Rinnenfüllung im oberen Bereich und im Randbereich, Unterschneidungen und andere fluviatile Kennzeichen an den Rinnenflanken sowie homogen mit Sand gefüllte Sekundär-Rinnen im zentralen oberen Teil der Strukturen. Sie sind bevorzugt an Hängen im Winkel zur Haupt-Eisvorstossrichtung sowie im Randbereich der vorhandenen Deck-Till-Verbreitung vorhanden. Es kommen verschiedene Entstehungsmöglichkeiten in Betracht. Die Strukturen dürften maßgeblich während der jüngeren Weichsel-Kaltzeit unter Frostbodenklima durch die Wirkung periglaziär-fluviatiler Prozesse (Abluation) in Verbindung mit Solifluktionsprozessen, gebildet worden sein.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; solifluction ; periglacial ; periglacial channels ; abluation ; Weichselian periglacial
    Language: German
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  • 92
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    Holzreste von spätglazialen Kiefern aus der tiefgründigen und tonreichen Permanentrutschung ‚Spiegelberg’, Kanton Schwyz (Schweiz) (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Hauptstrasse Nr. 8 zwischen Schwyz und Sattel verläuft durch aktive und tiefgründige Permanentrutschungen. Im lehmigen, matrix-gestützten Gehängeschutt der Rutschung ‚Spiegelberg’ wurde zwischen 1979–81 die Gütschbrücke erstellt (LK: 690.314/211.943; 670 m ü.M.) und unter Anwendung von Gründungsschutzschächten im unterlagernden Fels fundiert. Beim Aushub des Schutzschachtes für den Pfeiler WL-Nord wurden in der Tiefe von 25 m bzw. 38 m unter Oberkante Terrain zwei Nadelbaumfragmente gefunden. Letzterer Holzfund lag wenige Meter über der Felsoberfläche. Die 14C-Altersdatierung der Holzfunde (beide Pinus sylvestris) ergaben kalibrierte Altersspannen zwischen 11.690–11.270 cal. a BP (2s) am Übergang vom Grönland Stadial 1 (GS-1; ‚Jüngere Dryas’) zum Holozän bzw. 13.830–13.640 cal. a BP (2s) zu Beginn der spätglazialen Wärmeschwankung GI-1c (Grönland Interstadial 1c; ‚Allerød’). Die vorliegenden Daten zeigen, dass die Hanginstabilitäten bei ‚Spiegelberg’ nach dem Zerfall des letzteiszeitlichen Muota/Reussgletschers zu Beginn des Spätglazials eingesetzt haben mussten, und die Waldkiefer schon kurz nach den Kälterückschlägen des GI-1d (‚Aegelsee-Schwankung’) bzw. des GS-1 am nördlichen Alpenrand präsent war.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; vegetation history ; late glacial ; C-14 dating ; H8 Schwyz–Sattel ; Steinen ; Engelstock ; subalpine molasse ; landslide area
    Language: German
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  • 93
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    Rhine loess at Schwalbenberg II — MIS 4 and 3 (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Die Lokalität Schwalbenberg bei Remagen am Mittelrhein erschließt ein sehr vollständiges Profil durch den letztglazialen Löss mit drei Großgliedern. Gut gegliedert sind der Löss der Keldach-Formation (Früh-Weichsel/Würm-Hochglazial, MIS 4) mit einem Interstadial-Boden und der Löss der Ahrgau-Formation (Mittelweichsel/-Würm-Interstadial-Komplex, MIS 3) mit acht Interstadial-Böden. Den Abschluss nach oben bildet weniger gut gliederbarer Löss des Jung-Weichsel/Würm-Hochglazials. Zu bereits veröffentlichten organischen Kohlenstoff (Corg)- und Phosphor-Kurven einer ersten Profilaufnahme, Schwalbenberg I, präsentiert dieser Text Daten des Profils Schwalbenberg II: AMS 14C-Datierungen, Korngrößen, Corg- und Karbonatgehalt. Die Korngrößen spiegeln die Dreigliederung wider mit Grobsilt-ärmerem Keldach-Löss, schwankendem Siltgehalt im Ahrgau-Löss und Grobsilt-reicherem Jungwürmlöss. Auch im Karbonatgehalt spiegelt sie sich mit Karbonat-ärmerem Keldach-Löss, schwankenden Gehalten im Ahrgau-Löss und Karbonat-reicherem Jungwürmlöss. Die neun interstadialen Böden erweisen sich durch Corg-Gipfel und Karbonat-Minima vereinigt mit pedogener Zonierung bodenintern von oben nach unten als autochthone Böden. Alle Nassböden zeigen Karbonatmaxima. Der Vergleich der Corg-Kurve mit der der δ18O-Kurve des jahrring-zonierten grönländischen Eiskerns GISP 2 zeigt für die Ahrgau-Formation – wie früher schon die Kurven vom Schwalbenberg I – erneut nach Kurvenrhythmik und Magnitude hohe Gleichläufigkeit des Klimaverlaufes zu den Grönland-Interstadialen 17 bis 5. Nummerische Daten vom Schwalbenberg II unterstützen das weitgehend. Zur Frage, ob die Grenze Mittel-/Oberwürm (MIS 3/MIS 2) nach dem obersten braunen Boden (Sinzig 3-Boden) oder wenig höher mit der Hesbaye-Diskordanz zu ziehen ist, sprechen die meisten lithologischen und die chronologischen Kriterien für die Grenzziehung an der Hesbaye-Diskordanz. Ansonsten ist der Schwalbenberg unter den gut vergleichbaren Lössprofilen im westlichen Europa bisher das am detailliertesten gegliederte MIS 3-Profil. Reicher gegliedert sind nur Lössprofile des kontinentaler geprägten Raumes in der nordöstlichen Karpatenregion und in Sibirien.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; carbonate ; grain size ; loess stratigraphy ; TOC
    Language: English
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  • 94
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    Nachweis des Europäischen Waldelefanten Elephas antiquus (Falconer & Cautley, 1847) bei Neubrandenburg in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (NE-Deutschland) - Fundbericht (2012)
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Funde von pleistozänen Großsäugern sind in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (NE-Deutschland) wegen der starken Dominanz glazigener Sedimente mit ungünstigem Erhaltungspotential vergleichsweise selten (Benecke 2002, Meng et al. 2010). Trotzdem gelang erst kürzlich mit dem Fund eines Backenzahnfragmentes bei Neubrandenburg für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern der erste sichere Nachweis des Europäischen Waldelefanten Elephas antiquus Falconer & Cautley, 1847 (Meng 2011).
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 560 ; 554.3 ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; Fossilien ; Neubrandenburg ; Waldelefant ; Elphas antiquus
    Language: German
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  • 95
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    Sediment imprint of the severe 2002 summer flood in the Lehnmühle reservoir, eastern Erzgebirge (Germany) (2012)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Anhand von 18 Kurzkernen aus der Talsperre Lehnmühle (Inbetriebnahme 1932) im Osterzgebirge (Deutschland) wurden mittels mikrofaziellen und hochauflösenden μ-XRF Scanning Verfahren Auswirkungen des extremen Augusthochwassers 2002 auf den Sedimenteintrag untersucht. Fast über den gesamten Talsperrenboden hinweg wurde eine für die gesamte Sedimentsequenz einmalig markante detritische Lage detektiert, welche eine Mächtigkeit von 5 mm an der Staumauer bis 33 mm nahe dem Zufluss misst. Die eingetragene Sedimentmenge dieser Lage wird auf ca. 2.400 Tonnen geschätzt, wovon etwa zwei Drittel im südlich-zentralen Teil des Beckens (ca. 32 % der Gesamtfläche) abgelagert wurden, begründet durch die Beckenmorphologie und die Lage zum Zufluss. Feine Silt- und Tonpartikel wurden dagegen vornehmlich weiter in Richtung Staumauer transportiert, forciert durch eine ständige Wasserströmung durch das Staubecken. Eine erhöhte Akkumulation von detritischem Material in einer seitlichen Bucht zeigt, dass Sedimente nicht nur durch den Hauptzufluss eingetragen wurden, sondern ebenfalls durch Oberflächenabfluss in nicht ständig wasserführenden Rinnen um die Talsperre herum. Neben der markanten Lage des Jahres 2002, wurden 22 weitere, mikroskopisch dünne detritische Lagen in den Sedimentkernen nachgewiesen, die meisten im Profundalbereich nahe der Staumauer. Eine Chronologie der detritischen Lagen wurde an drei 137Cs datierten Kernsequenzen erstellt und durch detaillierte Korrelation mittels vier lithologischer Marker auf die übrigen Kerne übertragen. Der Vergleich mit instrumentellen Abflussdaten des Hauptzuflusses zeigt, dass während der letzten drei Jahrzehnte 64 % von insgesamt 22 Hochwasserereignissen mit einem Tagesabfluss 〉 8 m3s-1 in die Ablagerung von detritischem Material resultierten.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; lake sediments ; flood events ; detrital layers ; microfacies analysis ; eastern Erzgebirge ; water supply reservoir
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 96
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    Vorwort / Foreword (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Die 35. Hauptversammlung der Deutschen Quartärvereinigung DEUQUA fand in der Zeit vom 13.–17. September mit mehr als 180 Teilnehmern aus 16 Ländern in Greifswald statt.
    Description: editorial
    Keywords: 551.7 ; DEUQUA ; conference
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 97
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    Effects of deglacial sedimentation pulse, followed by incision: A case study from a catchment in the Northern Calcareous Alps (Austria). (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Im Einzugsgebiet des ‘Giessenbaches’ (Nördliche Kalkalpen, NKA) lagerte sich eine mächtige Sedimentabfolge während bis wenig nach dem Zerfall des hochglazialen Eispanzers ab. Das Einzugsgebiet liegt auf gestörten, geklüfteten triassischen Dolomitgesteinen. Die quartäre Abfolge besteht aus, (a) aufgearbeitetem Till mit Leitgeschieben des Letzten Glazialen Maximums (LGM), (b) alluvialen Kiesen, die vom Dolomitgesteins-Untergrund gespeist wurden, (c) Decklagen von Flusssedimenten auf Terrassen, und (d) grossen Schutthalden. Die ehemalige (Vor-LGM) obere Hälfte des Giessenbach-Laufs ist noch heute ein trockenes, erhöhtes Tal das wesentlich durch spätglaziale bis holozäne Sedimente verfüllt ist. Der heutige Giessenbach zeigt ein konvexes Längsprofil mit einer Klamm im Unterlauf; diese Klamm war wahrscheinlich teilweise durch Toteis versperrt während die Sedimentation der Eiszerfallsphase bereits eingesetzt hatte. Außer glazial überformten Felsflächen und ehemaligen Nunatakkern ist die heutige Morphologie des Einzugsgebiets im wesentlichen bestimmt durch (a) einen ‚Schub‘ sehr rascher Sedimentation vom Eiszerfall bis ins ?frühe Spätglazial, gefolgt von (b) Hangstabilisierung durch Bewachsung, und Einschneiden von Gerinnen. Die rasche Sedimentation wurde durch den Untergrund aus tektonisch verformtem Dolomitgestein gefördert, das unter reichlicher Schuttbildung abwittert. Ähnliche Verläufe von rapider Sedimentation vom Eiszerfall bis zum Spätglazial hin zu einem längeren Zeitabschnitt vorwiegend mit Einschneiden von Gerinnen sind in den NKA weit verbreitet.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; late glacial ; erosion ; sedimentation ; alps ; Eastern Alps ; deglacial ; paraglacial
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 98
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    From the northern ice shield to the Alpine glaciations (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The route of the field trip described in this excursion guide follows a section through Germany from North to South, from the area of the Northern glaciation, to the Alpine glacial advances. It includes several places of historical importance, where milestones in Quaternary research have been achieved in the past, as well as new interesting sites where results of recent research is presented.
    Description: excursionguide
    Keywords: 551 ; V 000 ; VCA 520 ; Geologische Wissenschaften ; Quartärgeologie ; coastal evolution; Rügen ; Geopark Mecklenburg Ice Age Landscape ; tourism ; quaternary ; Halle ; Main ; sedimentology ; landslide ; natural hazards ; danube ; rhine ; pleistocene ; holocene ; geology
    Language: English
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
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  • 99
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    Zur Struktur von Eskern in Schleswig-Holstein, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des „Esker-Kames-Systems Forst Steinburg“ in morphologischer Hochlage (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Die unterschiedlichen Esker-Formen Schleswig-Holsteins wurden für das Geotop-Kataster des Landes mittels Literatur- und Feldarbeiten neu bearbeitet: Esker i.e.S., Aufpressungs-Esker mit Kern aus Geschiebemergel oder Beckensedimenten, Perlenschnur-Esker, Till-bedeckte Esker, sich kreuzend überlagernde Esker, verwachsen- und getrennt-parallele Esker-Rücken sowie Esker mit und ohne begleitende Rinnenbildungen. Esker sind häufig räumlich vergesellschaftet bzw. genetisch verflochten mit Drumlins oder drumlinoiden Formen, angrenzenden Aufpressungsstrukturen aus Till, Eisrandlagen, Kames-Bildungen oder Toteis-Bereichen. Im Detail wird ein „Esker-Kames-System“ dargestellt, welches dem Scheitelbereich einer großen Eisrandlage mit örtlich +85 m NHN Höhe aufgesetzt ist. Die morphologisch als Kiessand-Rücken erkennbare Gesamtstruktur sattelt einem aufgewölbten, sandig-kiesigen Bereich auf. Die Struktur kann in drei Teile untergliedert werden: (A) einen flacheren, deutlich durch parallele Einzelstrukturen gegliederten westlichen Bereich (Esker), (B) einen zentralen, hohen Kiessand-Rücken (Esker oder Spaltenfüllung) sowie (C) kuppenförmige Bereiche am Südostende der Struktur (Kames). Die Esker-Struktur (A) zeigt neben einem zentralen, großen Kiessand-Rücken mit 70 m Breite, einer Höhe von ca. 8–10 m und einer Länge von ca. 220 m (mit Till bedeckter-Esker) zwei parallele kleinere Esker-Rücken, die südlich des großen verlaufen. Die Genese der Esker-Kames-Struktur in Randlagen-Top-Position wird diskutiert.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; kames ; weichselian ; esker ; Os ; Crevasse Filling
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 100
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    The Late Weichselian to Holocene succession of the Niedersee (Rügen, Baltic Sea) – new results based on multi-proxy studies (2012)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Eine klassische weichselspätglaziale Lokalität ist die kleine Toteishohlform des Niedersees, welche direkt an der südöstlichen Küste der Halbinsel Jasmund (Rügen, Ostsee) aufgeschlossen ist. Neue Studien wurden durchgeführt, bei denen sich die sedimentäre Abfolge des Niedersees als ein hervorragendes Archiv für paläoökologische/-klimatische Rekonstruktionen erwies, wodurch detaillierte Aussagen zur regionalen Vegetationsgeschichte sowie zum regionalen Klima und Milieu während des Weichselspätglazials und auch teilweise für das Holozäns möglich sind. Mit Hilfe der Pollenstratigraphie, AMS 14C-Datierungen und dem Nachweis der Laacher See Tephra konnte die sedimentäre Abfolge in die bestehende Quartärstratigraphie eingehängt werden; als Besonderheit ist hier das quasi gesamte Weichselspätglazial vollständig aufgeschlossen. Die Sedimentation beginnt schon im ausgehenden Weichselhochglazial und dauert zunächst bis zum Präboreal an (~15.000–~10.000 Jahre v. H.) und ist vor allem durch Ablagerungen eines kleinen, flachen Sees charakterisiert. Änderungen im Wasserhaushalt führten letztendlich während des Präboreals zu einem Hiatus. Eine letztmalige Vernässung des Standorts führte im Atlantikum zur Entwicklung eines kalkigen Niedermoors. Die sich ergänzenden Analysen der verschiedenen und vielfältigen Organismenreste des Niedersees (z. B. Pollen, Ostracoden, Mollusken, Makroreste von Pflanzen etc.), erlaubten in sehr detaillierter Weise Änderungen im Klima und deren Auswirkungen auf das Habitat zu erfassen.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; climate ; weichselian late glacial ; Northern Germany ; pollen ; multi-proxy studies ; rügen
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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