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  • Data  (44)
  • Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten  (23)
  • GFZ Data Services  (21)
  • 2010-2014  (42)
  • 1980-1984  (2)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1
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    The Sudanese gravimetric geoid: SUD-GM2014 (2014)
    GFZ Data Services
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    Publication Date: 2021-11-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Sudanese SUD-GM2014 gravimetric geoid model has been computed from the available terrestrial mean free-air gravity anomalies, the TIM-R4 GOCE-only global geopotential model, and the high-resolution SRTM30_PLUS global digital elevation model. The computation has been performed by using the remove-compute-restore procedure and the least squares collocation method. Thereafter, the SUD-GM2014 model has been evaluated by using geoid heights at 19 GNSS/levelling points distributed over the country, showing an overall accuracy of 30 cm. However, this estimate of the geoid model quality could not be fully representative due to the low accuracy, very limited number and inhomogeneous distribution of the used GNSS/levelling control points. The SUD-GM2014 model has been recommended as reference for GNSS heighting in Sudan. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Least Squares Collocation ; Sudan ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 2
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    Integration or Mashup? Challenges in Bringing Together Heterogeneous Scientific Data (2010)
    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This paper provides an overview of the range of techniques available for integration of heterogeneous data. These range from the wrapper-mediator architecture for integration of structured and semistructured databases: semantic mediation, which involves mapping schema elements and data values to ontologies: to ad hoc, vertical data integration where the user is in the loop of the integration. Every integration technique requires an expert in the loop—at different points in time and at different places in the system, depending on the integration technique employed. Future directions include provision of provenance and social networking information corresponding to the integrated data result.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings of the Data Management Workshop, 29-30 October 2009, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 90, pp. 1-6
    Keywords: Other ; None ; Data Integration ; Data Management ; Heterogeneous ; Data Portal
    Type: Text , Book Section
    Format: 624 Kilobytes
    Format: 6 Pages
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  • 3
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    Data assimilation for numerical weather prediction (2011)
    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The availability and the appropriate use of accurate and widespread observational information are of paramount importance in order to increase the accuracy of weather forecasts. Data assimilation techniques provide a framework to find the best initial state that is consistent with all available information about the state of the system, here considered to be the Earth’s atmosphere. In this paper, a brief introduction to both variational and ensemble based data assimilation is provided, with a focus on the main characteristics of satellite data assimilation and some of its current issues.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings on the Workshop of Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling, 18-19 November 2010, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 92, pp. 93-99
    Keywords: Other ; None ; Data Assimilation ; Numerical Weather Prediction ; Remote Sensing
    Type: Text , Book Section
    Format: 1906 Kilobytes
    Format: 7 Pages
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  • 4
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    KOMPSAT-2 geometric quality assessment for measuring the area of European land parcels (2011)
    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Measurement errors in orthorectified images are very important when it comes to checking the subsidies claims made by European farmers. The Control with a Remote Sensing (CwRS) Programme, managed by the GeoCAP and CID actions of the Monitoring Agricultural Resources Unit of the EC Joint Research Centre (JRC), requires the establishment of guidelines to be applied by Member States when using remotely sensed images to verify farmers’ claims under the EU Common Agriculture Policy (CAP) subsidies. The area of land parcels used for farming are verified based on very fine spatial resolution (VHR) orthoimages that must meet specific geometric and visual qualities. As such, all VHR orthoimages used within this context must meet or exceed the EU standard as reported in Kapnias et al. (2008), based on external quality control (EQC). EQC is based on the root mean square error (RMSE) between the true geographic position and the image position of the independent check points (ICPs). The ICPs are points not included in the sensor model parameter estimation process and are derived from an independent source, preferably of higher accuracy. This report presents the applied EQC methodology and the geometric quality results recorded for the four samples of the KOMPSAT-2 (K2) radiometrically corrected images (processing level 1R), acquired over the JRC Maussane Test Site. The key issues identified during the testing based on the limited KOMPSAT-2 sample images that were made available to us are as follows: (a) The 1D RMS errors measured on the final K2 orthoimage after the single scene correction applying either the PCI rigorous model, the PCI RPC-based or the ERDAS RPC-based model are not sensitive to the number of GCPs used if they are well-distributed and range between 9 and 15 (provided a DTM with 0.6 m vertical accuracy), and they are sensitive to the overall off-nadir angle and increase with increasing off-nadir angle, (b) The average 1D RMSE are 2.1 m and 4 m, while the maximum 1D RMSE values are 3.2 m and 6.2 m of easting and northing direction respectively, provided that a DTM with 0.6 m vertical accuracy and GCPs with mean RMSE-X (in X direction) and RMSE-Y (in Y direction) values of 0.6 m are used, and (c) The orthorectified KOMPSAT-2 images do not fall within the accuracy criteria of the CwRS 1:10000 scale requirements, i.e. an absolute 1D RMSE not exceeding 2.5 m, except where the images are characterized by an overall off-nadir angle close to zero degrees, and the rigorous model or first order Rational Polynomial sensor model is applied.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings on the Workshop of Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling, 18-19 November 2010, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 92, pp. 109-115
    Keywords: Other ; None ; Remote Sensing Methods ; Remote Sensing
    Type: Text , Book Section
    Format: 1127 Kilobytes
    Format: 7 Pages
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  • 5
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    Geospatial evaluation of UNESCO world heritage forest areas in the tropics (Honduras) (2011)
    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The study aimed at providing a better understanding for monitoring the status, change and threats to UNESCO world heritage areas that are present in the tropical forest. Three change detection techniques were tested using Landsat images for detecting areas of change in the region of the Rio Platino Biosphere Reserve, a tropical rain forest in Honduras. The change detection techniques considered were image differencing, post-classification analysis using supervised classification and vegetation index differencing (NDVI differencing). Two Landsat scenes recorded in January 1986 and December 2002 were downloaded from USGS. Images were geometrically and radiometrically corrected and the three change detection techniques were tested. Change maps obtained from each technique were visually interpreted. In order to determine the accuracy of each change map, random points were generated using systematic sampling. For each random point, change/no change was separately evaluated by using high resolution data (Google Earth data) and a confusion matrix method. Image differencing for band 2 was found to be the most accurate one, followed by supervised classification and NDVI. Image differencing using band 3 was found to be less accurate than supervised and NDVI differencing. Supervised classification was selected for calculating area statistics inside and outside the UNESCO protected boundary because of the advantage of indicating the nature of changes. The study revealed two important changes in clear-cut areas and in regrowth areas. Clear-cutting has been found to be more frequent outside than inside the protected boundary of the forested UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings on the Workshop of Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling, 18-19 November 2010, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 92, pp. 71-78
    Keywords: Other ; None ; Landsat ; Classification ; NDVI ; Remote Sensing
    Type: Text , Book Section
    Format: 677 Kilobytes
    Format: 8 Pages
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  • 6
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    Close-range sensing for generating 3D objects in Prehistoric Archaeology (2011)
    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Prehistoric archaeology is an object-oriented discipline. Archaeological objects like stone tools, bone tools or pieces of mobile art embed human behaviour. A central task of prehistoric research is to decode this information in order to reconstruct ancient human behaviour. This premise affords a defined set of tools for analysis and documentation to describe and evaluate particularly the shape of the object and its surface modifications manufactured by humans. Basis for all types of analysis is therefore a precise visual description of the object. This documentation forms part of the scientific process and should follow a generally accepted convention. Only when these rules are respected, a standardised and reproducible recognition of the object becomes possible.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings on the Workshop of Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling, 18-19 November 2010, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 92, pp. 117-120
    Keywords: Other ; None ; Surface ; Remote Sensing
    Type: Text , Book Section
    Format: 3909 Kilobytes
    Format: 4 Pages
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  • 7
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    Prospection of karstic caves using GIS and remote sensing techniques for geoarchaeological research, NE-Morocco (2011)
    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Caves and rock shelters are important archives for archaeological research. Prehistoric men not only sheltered in caves but also set up camps in open-air locations. Over the last 15 years a joint research group, comprising INSAP (Institut National des Sciences de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine du Maroc), KAAK (Kommission für Archäologie Außereuropäischer Kulturen, German Archaeology Institute) and the University of Cologne, has been carrying out surveys and excavations in the area of the Eastern Rif (NE-Morocco). Huge parts of the vast working area are poorly accessible and it is now realised that the whole area can only be covered using a remote sensing approach.The aim of this project is to integrate high resolution topographical, visual and geological data in order to develop models so that site locations can be predicted. Information from remote sensing (satellite image) and Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to identify an area in which carstic caves can occur and caves featuring archaeological remains may be located. The intersection of geological and topographical maps with QuickBird satellite imagery can then be used to quantify different features of identified caves. Based on the partially existing fans of sediment in front of the carstic caves, potential locations of caves in the defined area could be discovered.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings on the Workshop of Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling, 18-19 November 2010, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 92, pp. 121-129
    Keywords: Other ; None ; GIS ; Remote Sensing Methods ; Remote Sensing
    Type: Text , Book Section
    Format: 26396 Kilobytes
    Format: 9 Pages
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  • 8
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    Settlement process studies in developing countries using diverse remote sensing data types (2011)
    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: A typical situation in many developing countries is sparse data availability. Thus, many issues of applied research need to be tackled in spite of poor data disposability. We exemplify these issues in the coastal area of Benin in Western Africa by a time series using a grey scale aerial image (1995), QuickBird data (2002), and a colour aerial image (2007, scale 1:20000). Coastal regions are in general areas of high attraction worldwide. Due to migration and population growth, the coastal zone of Benin, like in other developing countries, encounters extreme land use pressure, causing conflicts of interest and fast changes. Especially settlement structures show high dynamics. In order to study these, dwellings need to be detected. The multitude of appearances of dwellings makes process analysis based on remotely sensed data a challenging – yet interesting – task. This paper shows how to analyse settlement processes in developing countries with heterogeneous remote sensing data sets, combining remote sensing with pattern recognition and GIS. At first, building detection was accomplished by manual digitization. In the next step, we made an initial attempt to develop automated methods for detecting dwellings. Both approaches for building detection were then followed by GIS-based process analysis. Finally, a comparison of both detection approaches based on quality assessments is presented and a thorough evaluation of the usability of automation is given.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings on the Workshop of Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling, 18-19 November 2010, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 92, pp. 131-142
    Keywords: Other ; None ; Change Detection ; Remote Sensing ; Remote Sensing Methods
    Type: Text , Book Section
    Format: 1601 Kilobytes
    Format: 12 Pages
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  • 9
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    A novel object-level change detection method based on multi-scale image segmentation (2011)
    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Aiming to improve object fragmentation and poor detection results caused by discontinuous segmentation scales in object-level change detection, a new object-level change detection method based on multi-scale segmentation is presented in this paper. Firstly, a convexity model concept to describe target- background characteristics is proposed. This model is used to implement the convexity model-based multi-scale image segmentation, in order to overcome the shortcoming that traditional single-scale image segmentation can hardly synchronously extract the objects within different scales. And then, a change detection approach by analyzing structural characteristics of image objects is introduced, in order to detect the man-made object. Experiments show that the new method is robust and that it provides an advanced tool for quantitative change detection.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings on the Workshop of Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling, 18-19 November 2010, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 92, pp. 143-150
    Keywords: Other ; None ; Change Detection ; Multi-Scale ; Structure Analysis ; Remote Sensing ; Remote Sensing Methods
    Type: Text , Book Section
    Format: 2019 Kilobytes
    Format: 8 Pages
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  • 10
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    Potentials of Low-cost Mini-UAVs (2011)
    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The trend to minimize electronic devices also accounts for sensing and sensor technologies. In combination with the developments in the construction of low-weight unmanned airborne vehicles (UAVs), this enabled in the last years a new research and application field of low-cost and low-weight UAVs carrying all kind of sensors such as multi-spectral, hyperspectral, laserscanning, microwave, and thermal imaging devices. In the same period, the demand for local high resolution data in a spatial, temporal, and spectral context increased exponentially for all kinds of applications. Low-cost and low-weight UAVs can exactly acquire such data. Hence, it is no surprise that the deployment of Mini-UAVs in the field of environmental monitoring, agriculture, facility management and many more is growing fast.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings on the Workshop of Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling, 18-19 November 2010, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 92, pp. 1-8
    Keywords: Other ; None ; UAV ; Sensor ; Imaging ; Remote Sensing
    Type: Text , Book Section
    Format: 1324 Kilobytes
    Format: 8 Pages
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  • 11
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    3D terrestrial laser scanning for field crop modelling (2011)
    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
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    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Terrestrial laser scanning provides highly accurate and dense 3D measurements of an object. This technology leads to several applications, for example in topographic surveys, forestry, and as-built documentation. Few developments exist in the area of agriculture and precision farming. In this contribution, multi-temporal 3D terrestrial laser scanning was applied for field crop modelling. The time-of-flight laser scanner Riegl LMS-Z420i was used three to five times per year to estimate plant height distribution of the field crops winter wheat, spring barley, and sugar beet. In 2008 and 2009, the area under investigation was a single field. As a further development, data from plots with different crop varieties of barley and sugar beet were analysed in 2010. As a result, within-field variability was detected by using crop surface models (CSM) and crop volume models (CVM). Single plants were successfully detected. The results will be compared with additional data in the future.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings on the Workshop of Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling, 18-19 November 2010, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 92, pp. 25-30
    Keywords: Other ; None ; Agriculture ; Crop/s ; Terrestrial Laser Scanning ; Surface ; Remote Sensing
    Type: Text , Book Section
    Format: 11857 Kilobytes
    Format: 6 Pages
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  • 12
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    Evaluating airborne laser scanning data for generation of digital elevation models and land cover mapping (2011)
    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Full-Waveform airborne laser scanning (ALS) is a novel method for observing the earth surface. It is suitable for the extraction of digital elevation models (DEM) and for estimating, for example buildings, single trees, and wooded areas, as 3D information. In this contribution, the processing of data from a flight survey with Riegl’s LMS-Q560 on 30 July 2008 is described. The accuracy of the extracted data was determined by comparison with official geodata and remote sensing data. For example, DEMs of the state survey office and land use classifications from satellite data were used. These data sets and the flight survey were realized within the Transregional Collaborative Research Centre 32 (CRC-TR32) 'Patterns in Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere-Systems', which monitors patterns and fluxes in the Rurwatershed in Western Germany. Workflow and the results of the ALS data comparison are discussed in detail. ALS is an important method for deriving DEMs. Furthermore, it is capable of determining more information about the earth’s surface in a very accurate way.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings on the Workshop of Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling, 18-19 November 2010, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 92, pp. 31-38
    Keywords: Other ; None ; Airborne Laser Scanning ; DEM ; Land Cover Mapping ; Remote Sensing
    Type: Text , Book Section
    Format: 7344 Kilobytes
    Format: 8 Pages
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  • 13
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    Current flood mapping capabilities using synergies from radar altimetry and MODIS multi-spectral satellite imagery and the need for a SWOT mission (2011)
    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: In ungauged basins, space-based information is essential for the monitoring of the hydrological water cycle, in particular in regions undergoing large flood events where satellite data may be used as input to hydrodynamic models. A method for near 3D flood monitoring has been developed which uses synergies between radar altimetry and high temporal resolution multi-spectral satellites. Surface reflectances from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra instrument are used to map areas of open water as well as aquatic vegetation on a weekly basis, while water level variations in the inundated areas are provided by the radar altimetry from the Topex/Poseidon (T/P) and Envisat satellites. We applied this synergistic approach to several regions across the world (Diamantina Floodplain in Australia, Inner Niger Delta and Lake Chad in Africa, Andean Altiplano in South America, and Ganga River Delta in Asia). Based mainly on optical and Near Infra Red (NIR) imagery for detecting the extent of inundation, this method is well adapted for arid and semi-arid regions, but less for equatorial or boreal ones due to cloud coverage. This work emphasises the limitations of current remote sensing techniques for full 3D description of water storage variability in ungauged basins, and provides a good introduction to the need and the potential use of the future Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings on the Workshop of Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling, 18-19 November 2010, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 92, pp. 9-23
    Keywords: Other ; None ; MODIS ; Remote Sensing ; Hydrology
    Type: Text , Book Section
    Format: 4704 Kilobytes
    Format: 15 Pages
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  • 14
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    Sensor and data fusion technologies in archaeology (2011)
    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Remote sensing in prehistoric archaeological research in North America has come to rely on geophysical techniques. This paper reviews their application and efficiency in exploring a group of late prehistoric sites in northern Mississippi. While most archaeologists agree that the use of multiple instruments enhances a geophysical survey, there has been little work done on exploring the potential of using multivariate statistics to integrate the resultant data. Two approaches to this challenge are explored.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings on the Workshop of Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling, 18-19 November 2010, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 92, pp. 39-47
    Keywords: Other ; None ; Geophysical Survey ; Data Fusion ; Remote Sensing
    Type: Text , Book Section
    Format: 2155 Kilobytes
    Format: 9 Pages
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  • 15
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    Preface (2011)
    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: From 18th - 19th of November, 2010, the 'Workshop on Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process modelling' was held at the University of Cologne, Germany. This workshop was organized by the Working Group 5 'Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling' within the Commission VII 'Thematic Processing, Modelling and Analysis or Remotely Sensed Data' of the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS). Three research projects actively supported the workshop. The CRC/TR32 'Patterns in Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere-Systems: Monitoring, Modelling, and Data Assimilation' as well as the CRC 806 'Our way to Europe: Culture-Environment Interaction and Human Mobility in the Later Quaternary', both Collaborative Research Centres of the German Research Foundation (DFG). Within the CROP.SENSe.net (funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, BMBF), sensor methods for monitoring crops are investigated. Finally, the workshop was supported by the International Centre for Agro-Informatics and Sustainable Development (ICASD), which was founded in cooperation with the China Agricultural University and the u CROP.SENSe.net University of Cologne. The goal of the workshop was to bring together scientific disciplines as disparate as geography, soil sciences, plant physiology, hydrology, meteorology, prehistory, archaeology, agronomy, remote sensing, and geoinformatics. The workshop was based on 14 invited talks and unusual long coffee breaks, parallel to poster sessions to encourage and support discussion. The diverse program attracted nearly 40 poster presentations and approximately 90 participants. The papers and abstracts of the workshop are summarized in the workshop proceedings.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings on the Workshop of Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling, 18-19 November 2010, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 92, pp. III
    Keywords: Remote Sensing Methods ; Remote Sensing
    Language: English
    Type: Text , Workshop paper
    Format: 409 Kilobytes
    Format: 1 Pages
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  • 16
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    Microcopter-based colour infrared (CIR) close-range remote sensing as a subsidiary tool for precision farming (2011)
    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Microcopters as a highly flexible and low-cost sensor platform provide new opportunities of data acquisition for various environmental and geoscientific purposes (e.g. environmental monitoring, forestry, geospatial data etc.). One promising field of application for this technique is precision farming. Thereby, the application of capital equipment like crop protection products (also fertilizer) can be adapted to the spatial and temporal dynamics of soil and population parameters to reduce costs and keep processes more environmentally-compatible. In this context, the objective of this project is to produce CIR photographs and other remote sensing products in the visible (VIS) and near infrared (NIR) range as classified input data for subsequent procedures of precision farming and for efficiency tests in a user-defined spatial and temporal resolution. Therefore a remotely controlled microcopter has been equipped with a modified compact digital camera now capable of taking images not only in the VIS but also in the ultraviolet (UV) and NIR spectra (about 320 nm to 1100 nm), depending on the applied optical filters. The aerial surveys are conducted with a microcopter which is capable of autonomously completing a GPS waypoint track specified by the user. The localizations of exposures, height above surface, the camera heading, and other parameters can be set up in advance using a flight software. The microcopter itself represents an ultraflexible multi-sensor platform, where the camera provides a modular setup for generating high-resolution aerial CIR photographs. The images obtained from the surveys are being rectified and subjected to object orientated texture analysis for supervised classifications regarding surface anomalies like albedo variations of green vegetation. The results are processed to generate accurate position data for the distinction of various vegetation types like weed and crop, or different states of vegetation health due to soil dryness, precipitation damages or pest infestation.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings on the Workshop of Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling, 18-19 November 2010, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 92, pp. 49-54
    Keywords: Other ; None ; Vegetation ; Remote Sensing
    Type: Text , Book Section
    Format: 2303 Kilobytes
    Format: 6 Pages
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  • 17
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    Preface (2010)
    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
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    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: From 29th - 30th of October, 2009, the 'Data Management Workshop' was held at the University of Cologne, Germany. This workshop was actively supported by two research projects. The CRC/TR32 'Patterns in Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere-Systems: Monitoring, Modelling, and Data Assimilation' as well as the CRC 806 'Our way to Europe: Culture-Environment Interaction and Human Mobility in the Later Quaternary', both Collaborative Research Centres of the German Research Foundation (DFG). In addition the workshop was co-organized by the Working Group 5 'Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling' within the Commission VII 'Thematic Processing, Modelling and Analysis or Remotely Sensed Data' of the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS). Since many different scientific communities are facing similar problems in data handling, the aim of the workshop was to bring together a variety of scientific disciplines, which are sometimes recognised as being quite incompatible with one other (e.g. computer sciences, social sciences, geography, physics, pre-history, geoinformatics, archaeology, geosciences, meteorology, and biology). Moreover, the goal was to take into account the perspective of the funding bodies, in our case the DFG. The workshop was based on 11 invited talks and unusual long coffee breaks, parallel to poster sessions to encourage and support discussion. The diverse program attracted nearly 30 poster presentations and approximately 80 participants. The papers and abstracts of the workshop are summarized in the workshop proceedings.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings of the Data Management Workshop, 29-30 October 2009, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 90, pp. III-IV
    Keywords: Data Management
    Language: English
    Type: Text , Workshop paper
    Format: 142 Kilobytes
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  • 18
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    LIDAR-based remote sensing for archaeological applications (2011)
    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) technology, also referred to as LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging), represents the most relevant advancement of Earth Observation (EO) techniques applied to archaeological research in the last decade. It allows us to overcome some limits of satellite optical remote sensing in detecting archaeological remains covered by dense vegetation as well as microrelief of cultural interest in bare-ground sites. Currently, a LIDAR survey can be carried out by using two different types of ALS sensor systems: (i) conventional scanners or discrete echo scanners, and (ii) Full-Waveform (FW) scanners. The first one generally delivers only the first and last echo, thus losing many other reflections. The second one is able to detect the entire echo waveform for each emitted laser beam, thus offering improved capabilities especially in areas with complex morphology and/or dense vegetation cover. This paper shows the results obtained by processing point clouds taken from FW scanners for two emblematic study cases in Southern Italy. The first one is the abandoned medieval village of Monte Serico, located on a bare-ground hilly plateau, the second one is the Bosco dellIncoronata. By using an approach based on the use and processing of different shaded Digital Terrain Models (DTMs), the study allowed us to improve the reconstruction of the urban fabric and the paleoenvironmental setting, respectively.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings on the Workshop of Remote Sensing Methods for Change Detection and Process Modelling, 18-19 November 2010, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 92, pp. 79-91
    Keywords: LIDAR ; Remote Sensing
    Language: English
    Type: Text , Workshop paper
    Format: 2389 Kilobytes
    Format: 13 Pages
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  • 19
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    The BADC-CSV Format Meeting user and metadata requirements (2010)
    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The 2007 British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC) Users Survey examined the skill base of the BADCs user community. Results indicated a large proportion of users who were familiar with data held in ASCII formats such as comma-separated variables (csv) and there was a high degree of familiarity with spreadsheet programmes (e.g. Excel) for data analysis purposes. These result, combined with the experiences of the BADC staff dealing with user enquiries and assisting data suppliers in preparing data for submission, and the metadata requirements of the BADC, highlighted the need for a new ASCII format to be generated. The BADC-CSV format adheres to metadata conventions covered by the NASAAmes and NetCDF formats, the CF, and Dublin Core metadata conventions, the ISO19115 standard and the metadata requirements of the BADC and its sister data centres within the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). The format meets end user and data supplier requirements by being a native format for spreadsheet software as well as other commonly used data production and analysis tools (e.g. IDL, MatLab). This paper presents the requirements for the format resulting from the 2007 user survey and data centre requirements, describes the structure of the format and demonstrates the format through short examples. Finally, ongoing work to further develop the format is discussed.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings of the Data Management Workshop, 29-30 October 2009, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 90, pp. 107-111
    Keywords: Metadata ; Metadata standard ; ASCII ; Data Management
    Language: English
    Type: Text , Workshop paper
    Format: 1062 Kilobytes
    Format: 5 Pages
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  • 20
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    Integrated Climate Data Center (ICDC) at the Cluster of Excellence at the University of Hamburg (2010)
    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-14
    Description: Abstract
    Description: At the KlimaCampus (http://www.klimacampus.de), Cluster of Excellence at the University of Hamburg, an Integrated Climate Data Center (ICDC: http://www.icdc.zmaw.de) is established, suitable for data during the scientific project phase as well as storing long-term archive data. ICDC aims to make data out of different internal and external archives easily accessible for the daily work of the KlimaCampus scientists. It extends the existing services by the announcement of data during the scientific project phase, a data portal and collaboration services. Therein, ICDC utilizes the available infrastructure at the WDC Climate by using it for metadata storage and as a long-term archive. The concept of ICDC, its functionality, its implementation status, and future perspectives are presented.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings of the Data Management Workshop, 29-30 October 2009, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 90, pp. 127-135
    Keywords: Earth System Science ; Climate Research ; Data Portal ; Metadata ; Data Management
    Language: English
    Type: Text , Workshop paper
    Format: 1841 Kilobytes
    Format: 9 Pages
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  • 21
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    Central Data Services in Multidisciplinary Environmental Research Projects - The data-management of the DFG research unit 816 (2010)
    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-14
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The multidisciplinary research unit 'Biodiversity and Sustainable Management of a Megadiverse Mountain Ecosystem in South Ecuador' established a central data management system to provide the members with all gathered scientific data. Additionally, to the database functionality of the system the web based layout is capable to present general information on the research unit to the public and support accounting and administration of the project. All parts of the system are implemented using open-source or free software. A major task is the allocation of a sophisticated and detailed metadata scheme. The standardized ecological metadata language (EML) is used as the basis for metadata information stored in a relational database. The describing datatypes are highly modular and can be expanded if necessary. Data input and searching is implemented through a dynamic webinterface with easy to use forms. This is important to increase the acceptance of the system by users. Searching the database is possible by strings for keywords, authors, etc. or by geographic locations. Except for gridded data, all single values of the datasets are stored in relational tables and thus, it is possible to extract only parts of a whole dataset during data download. While the system is already operational, modifications and new features are continuously implemented.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings of the Data Management Workshop, 29-30 October 2009, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 90, pp. 59-64
    Keywords: Metadata ; Ecological Research ; Data Management
    Language: English
    Type: Text , Workshop paper
    Format: 1005 Kilobytes
    Format: 6 Pages
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  • 22
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    Data Management at the ICSU/WMO World Data Center for Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere (WDC-RSAT) (2010)
    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-14
    Description: Abstract
    Description: WDC-RSAT is hosted and operated by the German Remote Sensing Data Center, DFD of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) under the nongovernmental auspices of the International Council for Science (ICSU) and is the most recent data center in the WMO-WDC family, in cooperation with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). WDC-RSAT cooperates with partners in establishing and making use of modern information technologies (e.g. Grid) in order to promote networking. It is already being implemented as a data publication agent for data related to remote sensing of the atmosphere and is thus authorized to assign so-called Digital Object Identifiers (DOI) to data sets. The German ICSU WDCs (WDC-Climate, WDC-Mare, WDC-Terra, and WDC-RSAT) have formed in 2004 the 'WDC-Cluster on Earth System Research' in order to promote interdisciplinary research related to Earth sciences. Following the recommendations of the Committee of Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS), WDC-RSAT is currently establishing in cooperation with NASA a portal for satellite-based atmospheric composition data (ACC) which ultimately will be integrated in the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS).
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings of the Data Management Workshop, 29-30 October 2009, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 90, pp. 119-125
    Keywords: Data Management ; Metadata ; Remote Sensing ; Atmosphere
    Language: English
    Type: Text , Workshop paper
    Format: 495 Kilobytes
    Format: 7 Pages
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  • 23
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    A user friendly distributed database for the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses Program (2010)
    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-14
    Description: Abstract
    Description: AMMA program includes in situ measurements at many locations of West Africa and in the Gulf of Guinea, an intensive use of satellite data, diverse modelling studies, as well as human sciences field surveys and value-added products processing. Therefore, AMMA database aims at storing a great amount and a large variety of data, and at providing the data as rapidly and safely as possible to the AMMA research community. In order to stimulate the exchange of information and collaboration between researchers from different disciplines or using different tools, the database provides a detailed description of the products and uses standardized formats. AMMA database and the associated online tools have been fully developed and are managed by two teams in France (IPSL Data Centre, Palaiseau and OMP Data Centre, Toulouse). Datasets are stored in one or the other centre depending on their types, but all of them can be accessed through a single and friendly data request user interface. The complete system has been duplicated at AGHRYMET Regional Centre (CRA) in Niamey, Niger and is operational there since January 2009.
    Description: SeriesInformation
    Description: Proceedings of the Data Management Workshop, 29-30 October 2009, University of Cologne, Germany, Kölner Geographische Arbeiten, 90, pp. 45-51
    Keywords: Multidisciplinarity ; Database ; Data Management
    Language: English
    Type: Text , Workshop paper
    Format: 1119 Kilobytes
    Format: 7 Pages
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  • 24
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    Using partial least squares (PLS) to estimate canopy nitrogen and biomass of paddy rice in Chinas Sanjiang Plain (2014)
    Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln - Kölner Geographische Arbeiten
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-14
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Nitrogen (N) is one of the most essential elements in agriculture and ecology due to its direct role in determining crop yield and grain quality, as well as its association with canopy photosynthetic capacity and carbon-nitrogen cycling in the earth ecosystem. Remote sensing provides a useful way to capture canopy nitrogen and biomass with high spatial and temporal resolution. However, seasonal dynamics of plant morphophysiological variation hinder the simultaneous estimation of canopy N concentration (%N) and biomass using a traditional method such as vegetation indices because of the distinct dynamics of canopy biochemical and physical traits. In contrast, multivariate analysis method offers the capability of calibrating a model with multiple dependent variables of interest. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to, simultaneously, estimate canopy %N and biomass of rice using the partial least squares regression (PLSR) model. A field experiment was conducted for paddy rice fertilized with five N rates across five growth stages in 2008, located in the Sanjiang Plain, China. Results showed that the PLS regression model simultaneously explained 84% and 91% of the variation in %N and biomass, respectively, across the five growth stages. Our results also suggest that biomass is the dominant factor that affects the link between canopy dynamical traits and canopy reflectance measures. This study demonstrates that, by incorporating with PLSR for retrieving biophysical and biochemical properties from the full-spectrum analysis, to what extent canopy %N and biomass can be simultaneously estimated from canopy reflectance measurement.
    Keywords: Nitrogen ; Biomass ; Hyperspectral ; Remote Sensing ; Agriculture ; 550 Earth sciences
    Language: English
    Type: Text , Workshop paper
    Format: 5 Pages
    Format: 1130 Kilobytes
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  • 25
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    Rock-Water-Ice topographic-isostatic gravity field model 2012 (RWI 2012 model) (2014)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: High-resolution spherical harmonic representation of the Earth's topographic, isostatic, and topographic-isostatic gravitational potential based on a three-layer decomposition of the topography with variable density values and a modified Airy-Heiskanen concept incorporating seismic Moho depths. Main features: - Three-layer decomposition of the topography using information of the 5'x5'global topographic database DTM2006.0 - Rigorous separate modeling of rock, water, and ice masses with layer-specific density values (2670, 1000, 920 kg m-3) - Avoidance of geometry changes compared to classical condensation methods (e.g. rock-equivalent heights) - Ellipsoidal arrangement of the topography using the GRS80 ellipsoid as reference surface - Adapted and modified Airy-Heiskanen isostatic concept - Incorporation of seismic Moho depths derived from CRUST2.0 - Location-dependent estimation of the crust-mantle density contrast Processing: - Forward modelling in the space domain using tesseroid mass bodies - Transformation of global gridded values to the frequency domain by applying harmonic analysis up to degree and order 1800 Model versions: - Spherical harmonic coefficients of the RWI model are provided by three versions (GM = 3.986004415e+14 m3 s-2, a = 6378136.3 m): RWI_TOPO_2012 (topographic potential) RWI_ISOS_2012 (isosatic potential) RWI_TOIS_2012 (topographic-isostatic potential) - To allow the evaluation of the RWI model by synthesis software that by default subtracts the coefficients of a normal gravity field, three additional versions are available: RWI_TOPO_2012_plusGRS80 (topographic potential + GRS80) RWI_ISOS_2012_plusGRS80 (isosatic potential + GRS80) RWI_TOIS_2012_plusGRS80 (topogr.-isostatic potential + GRS80) where the following zonal harmonic coefficients of the GRS80 normal gravity field are added to the coefficients of the RWI model: C( 0,0) = 0.100000014676351e+01 C( 2,0) = -0.484167032228604e-03 C( 4,0) = 0.790304535833168e-06 C( 6,0) = -0.168725253450154e-08 C( 8,0) = 0.346053594536695e-11 C(10,0) = -0.265006548323563e-14 C(12,0) = -0.410788602320538e-16 C(14,0) = 0.447176931400485e-18 C(16,0) = -0.346362561442980e-20 Note that these coefficients are already rescaled to the above specified parameters GM and a of the RWI model. Details about the used DTM2006.0 topography model can be found in Pavlis et al. (2012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008916). Details about the used CRUST2.0 model is available from Laske et al. (2000, https://igppweb.ucsd.edu/~gabi/crust2.html).
    Keywords: Gravity forward modeling ; Spherical harmonic model ; Topographic gravity field model ; Rock–Water–Ice (RWI) decomposition ; Topographic potential ; Isostatic potential ; Topographic-isostatic potential ; Topographic reduction ; Isostatic reduction ; Topographic-isostatic reduction ; Tesseroids ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 TOPOGRAPHY 〉 TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECTS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 26
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    Kivu Seismological Network (KivuSnet) (2013)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-20
    Description: Abstract
    Description: KivuSNet represents the first dense broadband seismic network installed in the Kivu Rift region, which is located in the bordering region of the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda. Here the active volcanoes Nyamulagira (the most active in Africa) and Nyiragongo (host to the largest persistent lava lake on Earth) threaten the city of Goma and neighbouring agglomerations, and destructive earthquakes can also affect the region. The deployement started with the first stations in 2012/2013 and since October 2015, 13 stations are operated with real-time data transmission. The development of KivuSNet has been carried out in the framework of several research projects and is in particular associated with the project REmote Sensing and In Situ detection and Tracking of geohazards (RESIST), funded by the Belgian Science Policy and the National Research Fund of Luxembourg. KivuSNet aims at opening a new window for the seismological knowledge in this highly active rifting region, allowing for unprecedented insights into tectonic and volcanic seismicity, tremor patterns and Earth structure as well as for sustainable real-time monitoring of the volcanoes in the area. Together with the often co-located KivuGNet geodetic stations, KivuSNet closes a dramatic observational gap in this region. Waveform data is available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code KV. Embargo policy: - All data before 1 August 2019 remain under embargo until 1 August 2024; - Data acquired from 1 August 2019 onwards are opened 3 years after their acquisition, progressively in 1-months batches (e.g. Data from August 2019 would be opened on 1 September 2022, data from September 2019 would be opened on 1 October 2022 etc.) - For any access request to data that are still under embargo, written permission of the RESIST project partners is needed.
    Keywords: Seismic monitoring ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~2.5T
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 27
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    Seismic data of the DESERT Controlled Source Array II (CSA-2; Arava Valley, Jordan, Oct./Nov. 2001) - Datasets (2013)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: SEG-Y data of small-scale high-resolution controlled-source seismic experiment to investigate the mesoscopic fault structure of the Wadi Arava fault, Dead Sea Transform. The Dead Sea Transform (DST) is a major shear zone running for more than 1000km from the Red Sea in the South to the Zagros mountain chain in the North. It accommodates the lateral movement of the Sinai microplate and the Arabian shield; the total displacement along this shear zone is 〉100km. As part of the DESERT 2000 research project, several geophysical studies on a wide range of scales aimed to reveal the structure and evolution of the DST (Weber et al., 2009, 2010, and references therein). In October/November 2010 we conducted a high-resolution seismic experiment in the central part of the Arava/Araba segment of the shear zone. The analysis of the data (reflection seismics, tomography) revealed the shallow structure of the Wadi Arava fault (main strand of the DST) down to a depth of ~1km. The main findings are published in Maercklin (2004) and Haberland et al. (2007).
    Description: Other
    Description: The Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP) provides field instruments for (temporary) seismological studies (both controlled source and earthquake seismology) and for magnetotelluric (electromagnetic) experiments. The GIPP is operated by the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. The instrument facility is open for academic use. Instrument applications are evaluated and ranked by an external steering board. See Haberland and Ritter (2016) and https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/gipp for more information.
    Keywords: 200110 - CSA-2 ; Dead Sea Transform ; Seismics ; Fault structure ; controlled source seismology ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 REFLECTION ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 REFRACTION ; CONTROLLED SOURCE SEISMOLOGY 〉 EXPLOSION SOURCE ; CONTROLLED SOURCE SEISMOLOGY 〉 LOCAL SCALE ; CONTROLLED SOURCE SEISMOLOGY 〉 NEAR SURFACE ; SENSOR 〉 GEOPHONE ; SENSOR 〉 VERTICAL COMPONENT ; LAND ; SEG-Y DATA FORMAT ; SEISMIC WAVEFORM DATA ; CONTROLLED SOURCE SEISMOLOGY 〉 RAW DATA ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES 〉 SEISMIC PROFILE ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 28
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    Seismic monitoring at Lascar volcano after 2014 Iquique earthquake (2014)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The network consists of 5 stations covering the volcanic cone flanks. These stations were operative during one year with the final purpose of detect likely changes in the seismic activity of Lascar after the 2014 Iquique earthquake. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 8E, and are embargoed until 001 2019.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: Greater than 40 GB
    Format: SEED data
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  • 29
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    Data of the temporary seismic WILAS network (2010)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The lithosphere of Iberia has been formed through a number of processes of continental collision and extension. In Lower Paleozoic, the collision of three tectonics blocks produced the Variscan Orogeny, the main event of formation of the Iberian lithosphere. The subsequent Mesozoic rifting and breakup of the Pangea had a profound effect on the continental crust of the western border of Iberia. Since the Miocene, the southern interaction between Africa and Iberia is characterized by a diffuse convergent margin that originates a vast area of deformation. The impact of this complex tectonic in the structure of the Iberian Lithosphere remains an incognito, especially in its western part beneath Portugal. While the surface geology is considerably studied and documented, the crustal and lithospheric structures are not well constrained. The existing knowledge relating the observed surface geology and Lithospheric deep structures is sparse and sometimes incoherent. The seismic activity observed along West Iberia is intensely clustered on few areas, namely on north Alentejo, Estremadura and Regua-Verin fault systems. Some of the problems to address are: What is the relation between surface topography and the deep crustal/lithospheric structure? How was it influenced by the past tectonic events? Which was the deep driving factor behind the tectonic units observed at surface: Lithosphere-Astenosphere boundary structure or deeper mantle structure? How the upper mantle and the Lithosphere-Astenosphere transition zone accommodated the past subduction? Which is its role and influence of the several tectonic units, and their contacts, in the present tectonic regime and in the stress field observed today? Is the anomalous seismicity and associated crustal deformation rates, due to an inherited structure from past orogenies? The main goal of this work is a 3D detailed image of the “slice” of the Earth beneath Western Iberia, by complementing the permanent seismic networks operating in Portugal and Spain. The different scales involved require the usage of several passive seismological methods: Local-Earthquake Tomography for fine structure of seismogenic areas, ambient noise tomography for regional crustal structure, Receiver Functions for Lithospheric structure and Surface-wave tomography for large scale Listosphere-Astenosphere structure. Crustal and Mantle seismic anisotropy analysis, coupled with source analysis and correlation with current geodetic measurements will allow establishing a reference 3D anisotropy model of present and past processes.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; Western Iberia ; seismotectonics ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~300G
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 30
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    The Finnish National Seismic Network (1980)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Institute of Seismology, University of Helsinki (ISUH) was founded in 1961 as a response to the growing public concern for environmental hazards caused by nuclear weapon testing. Since then ISUH has been responsible for seismic monitoring in Finland. The current mandate covers government regulator duties in seismic hazard mitigation and nuclear test ban treaty verification, observatory activities and operation of the Finnish National Seismic Network (FNSN) as well as research and teaching of seismology at the University of Helsinki.The first seismograph station of Finland was installed at the premises of the Department of Physics, University of Helsinki in 1924. However, the mechanical Mainka seismographs had low magnification and thus the recordings were of little practical value for the study of local seismicity. The first short-period seismographs were set up between 1956 and 1963. The next significant upgrade of FNSN occurred during the late 1970’s when digital tripartite arrays in southern and central Finland became fully operational, allowing for systematic use of instrumental detection, location and magnitude determination methods. By the end of the 1990’s, the entire network was operating using digital telemetric or dial-up methods. The FNSN has expanded significantly during the 21st Century. It comprises now 36 permanent stations. Most of the stations have Streckeisen STS-2, Nanometrics Trillium (Compact/P/PA/QA) or Guralp CMG-3T broad band sensors. Some Teledyne-Geotech S13/GS13 short period sensors are also in use. Data acquisition systems are a combination of Earth Data PS6-24 digitizers and PC with Seiscomp/Seedlink software or Nanometrics Centaurs. The stations are connected to the ISUH with Seedlink via Internet and provide continuous waveform data at 40 Hz (array) or 100-250 Hz sampling frequency. Further information about instrumentation can be found at the Institute’s web site (www.seismo.helsinki.fi). Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code HE, and arefully open.
    Keywords: geophysics ; seismology ; seismic noise ; earthquakes ; induced ; seismic hazard ; broad band ; velocity ; acceleration ; displacement ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~300G
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 31
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    Passive seismic profile across the Easter Betic and Iberian Massif (TRANSCORBE) (2013)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: We carried out a passive seismic experiment formed by 50 broadband and short-period stations with an interstation distance of 3-4 km. These stations were in operation for 22 months, from 06/2013 to 05/2015. The seismic array (TRANSCORBE) was deployed in a linear configuration of 170 km length in a NW-SE direction. The southern edge of the prolife is located near the Mediterranean coast in Mazarrón (Murcia) crossing the Alhama de Murcia fault and the Cazorla Mountain range in the north. The main goal of this project is to study the crustal and upper mantle structures under the Eastern Betics mountain ranges and their variations along the different geological domains. It probes, from southeast to northwest, the Alboran domain (metamorphic rocks), the External zones (sedimentary rocks) and the Variscan terrains of the Iberian Massif. The proposed scientific work includes the analysis of the data using mainly P and S receiver functions, and velocity and attenuation tomographic techniques. The study area has undergone a complex tectonic evolution where slow WNW-ESE oblique convergence of Iberian and African plates coexists with a rapid westward rollback of a subducting slab. The inter-station distance allows us obtaining high-resolution images of the crustal structure essential to understand the tectonic evolution of the area and how the deformation produced by these processes is distributed among the involved geologic domains. This experiment was the results of a joint effort between the Instituto Andaluz de Geofísica (IAG), Granada University, and GFZ Potsdam. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 9H and are embargoed until Jan 2021.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~150Gb
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 32
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    The Jutland-to-Lower-Saxony (JULS) profile (2010)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This project investigates the crust and upper mantle along a north-south oriented, about 350 km long profile from around the town of Ringkøbing in western Jutland to south of Hamburg in northwestern Germany, with a focus on teleseismic receiver functions and seismic tomography. A number of tectonic processes have affected the crust and uppermost mantle beneath southern Scandinavia and northern Germany: Precambrian crustal accretion in southern Baltica, Caledonian collision between Baltica and Avalonia along the Tornquist Suture Zone (TSZ), followed by Variscan collision and formation of the North German and the Norwegian-Danish basins, and more recent magmatic activity to the south. This study is particularly focused on the closure of the Tornquist Sea and the Caledonian collision between Baltica and Avalonia. A total of 29 stations, provided by GFZ and the University of Aarhus, were deployed between autumn 2010 and summer 2012, of which 25 form the main profile, and 4 are positioned in an off-line location. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code ZW, and are available under CC-BY 4.0 license according to GIPP-rules.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~1T
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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    DATA GFZ
  • 33
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    EMEC Earthquake Catalogue (2012)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The EMEC earthquake catalogue is an extension in time and space of the CENEC catalogue (Grünthal et al., 2009, http://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-008-9144-9). It consists of some 45,000 entries in Europe and the Mediterranean area and extends to the west to encompass the North Atlantic Ridge. The criteria are Mw ≥ 3.5 for events with latitude ≥ 44°N and Mw ≥ 4.0 for events with latitude 〈 44°N, in the time period 1000-2006. Data within the catalogue area can be obtained as ASCII-file through the EMEC Earthquake Catalogue Web Service. This webservice also enables the creation of seismicity maps according to user's specifications. In addition, a list of earthquakes in the time period 300-999 for Mw ≥ 6.0 in the catalogue area with latitude ≤ 40°N and longitude ≥ 10°E is given and a list of fake events in the time period 1000-1799.
    Keywords: EMEC ; Earthquake catalogue ; European Mediterranean region ; Unified moment magnitude
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
    Format: 1 Files
    Format: application/octet-stream
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  • 34
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    Northern Finland Seismological Network (1980)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Sodankylä geophysical observatory (SGO) has operated in Sodankylä in northern Finland since 1913. SGO was originally founded by the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters. Now it takes care of national and international duties studying the space and geoenvironment as an independent research organisation in the University of Oulu. SGO performs long-term measurements, builds instruments, innovates and maintains domestic and international measurements, and performs research from these measurements. The seismic observations at SGO started in Sodankylä 1956. In 2005-2006 SGO seismic stations were updated to broadband instrumentation and connected to GEOFON data center. Today, the number of seismic stations has increased to 9. The stations have Streckeisen STS-2 or Nanometrics Trillium PA/PH broadband sensors. 3 of the stations are so called Posthole stations located in borehole 7-20 m below surface. The rest of the stations are located on the surface or in a more traditional type of vault. Data acquisition systems are either Earth Data PS6-24 digitisers and PC with Seiscomp or Nanometrics Centaurs. The continuous wave form data is collected at 100 Hz sampling frequency. The VH, LH and BH channel data is available from GEOFON data center and the 100Hz HH data from SGO by request. Further information about instrumentation can be found at the Institute’s web site (https://www.sgo.fi/). Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code FN, and arefully open.
    Keywords: geophysics ; seismology ; seismic noise ; earthquakes ; induced ; seismic hazard ; broad band ; velocity ; acceleration ; displacement ; Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~300G
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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    DATA GFZ
  • 35
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    DOCTAR (2011)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-27
    Description: Abstract
    Description: We installed two seismological broadband arrays on the volcanic oceanic island of Madeira and in western Portugal on continental crust for a comparison and combination with a deep ocean broadband array installed for seismicity analysis and structure imaging of the oceanic plate environment around the Gloria fault in the Northeast Atlantic with broadband arrays. The data of the deep ocean array are published separately. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code Y7 under CC-BY 4.0 license.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Other , Seismic Network
    Format: ~150Gb
    Format: SEED data
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  • 36
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    HART-PISAGUA Project Chile (2014)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: On 1st April, 23:46:50 UTC, an Mw 8.1 earthquake ruptured offshore northern Chile, near the town of Pisagua northwest of Iquique, followed one day later by a Mw7.6 event, both events in the centre of the Integrated Plate boundary Observatory Chile (IPOC). These earthquakes occurred within a seismic gap left behind by two great earthquakes devastating the northern Chilean and southern Peruvian coast about 140 years ago in 1868 and 1877. The segment inbetween, about 500 km long, was the only one along the Chilean subduction zone that has not ruptured within the last century. The earthquakes were recorded by the IPOC multi-parameter stations plus several additional off-line strong- and weak-motion instruments. A network of GPS monuments covering the onshore region deformed by the earthquake was measured just weeks before the event by GFZ scientists. Taking advantage of the long history of preceding work, presence of the permanent multi-parameter network and excellent knowledge of GFZ scientists of the region, a 20 short-period seismograph network was installed to complement the existing pre- and co-seismic data sets. This campaign was the first case for the „HAzard-Risk-Team (HART)“ initiative of GFZ. Stations operated from mid April 2014, i.e. shortly after the mainshock, to January 2016.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; Central Andes ; local seismicity ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~110G
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 37
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    Mauritius Seismic Land Station (2012)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Broadband seismic station deployed in Mauritius under RHUM-RUM project. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 3E under CC-BY 4.0 license.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~200G
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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    DATA GFZ
  • 38
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    HiRE II: Extension to the north of the previous HIRE seismic profile carried out in Central Betic (2013)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: We carried out a passive experiment operated with 10 broadband and short period seismic stations which were installed between July 2013 and May 2015 by a joint effort between the Instituto Andaluz de Geofísica, Granada University and the German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ. The goal of this project is to study the crustal and upper mantle structures under the Central Betic mountain ranges and the variations of these structures between the different geological domains as a prolongation towards the north of the HIRE profile (Heit, Yuan and Mancilla; 2010). Waveform data is available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 3J.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~300G
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 39
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    TIPTIMON (Tien Shan-Pamir Monitoring Program) TAJIKISTAN (2012/2014) (2012)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The TIPTIMON seismic deployment in Tajikistan aimed to study the seismotectonics of the western Pamir and Tajik-Afghan basin. Within this network 25 seismic stations were deployed between 2012 to 2014 to study shallow and intermediate depth seismicity. TIPTIMON (Tien Shan-Pamir Monitoring) is a research programme funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the CAME Programme (Central Asia - Monsoon dynamics and Geo-ecosystems). All stations recorded continuously with 100 samples per second and were equipped with EDL (EarthData PR6-24) recorders and broadband seismometers. Waveform data is available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 5C, and is embargoed until April 2018.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: approx. 510GB
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 40
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    Seismic network 5E: MINAS Project (2011/2013) (2011)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The integrated plate boundary in Chile (IPOC) combines 15 broadband stations with strong-motion sensors, GPS, strain sensors and magneto-telluric stations. The Chilean subduction zone setting provides a high background rate of seismicity (crustal, intermediate depth, and plate interface) in a region with exceptionally low ambient noise, particularly at higher frequencies. We have deployed seismic mini-arrays in the vicinity of IPOC stations PB02 and PB07, and installed a third array to the east of these stations near the village of Quillagua, such that all three arrays form a triangle. Each array has 10 elements and an aperture in the km range. The study area lies just to the north of the northern boundary of the rupture area of the Tocopilla earthquake of 2007 (Mw=7.7) and just above or slightly to the east of the downdip limit of plate interface seismicity. Installing the mini-arrays in the area of the existing IPOC has the following advantages: * Independent knowledge of background structure and seismicity from existing and ongoing studies. * Should any transients or other unusual signals be found in the array data, we can look for anomalous signals in geodetic and MT recordings, which will help to narrow down possible underlying mechanisms.
    Keywords: MINAS, temporary MINi ArrayS wthin the frame of IPOC ; Monitoring system ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: Greater than 990 GB
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 41
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    TIPTIMON (Tien Shan-Pamir Monitoring Program) AFGHANISTAN (2013/2014) (2013)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The TIPTIMON seismic deployment in Afghanistan aimed to study the seismotectonics of the Hindu Kush and the Tajik-Afghan basin. Within this network 8 seismic stations were deployed between 2013 to 2014 to study shallow and intermediate depth seismicity. TIPTIMON (Tien Shan-Pamir Monitoring) is a research programme funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the CAME Programme (Central Asia - Monsoon dynamics and Geo-ecosystems). All stations were equipped with MARK L-4C-3D geophones and DSS CUBE recorders, continuously recording with 100 samples per second. Waveform data is available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 6C, and is embargoed until Oct 2018.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: approx. 275GB
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 42
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    Ketzin Seismic Monitoring Network (2011)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Ketzin in a small town 20km west of Berlin that hosts a research facility for underground storage. Starting in 2008 the site was used to investigate the onshore geological storage of carbon dioxide (Liebscher et al., 2013). Among a large variety of downhole monitoring measurements and repeated 3D seismics above the storage formation, a seismic network was installed to investigate the possibility of monitoring subsurface processes related to the injection of CO2 with passive seismic recordings (Gassenmeier et al., 2015). The network was operated for 12 month from early 2011 to 2012 and consisted of 10 Guralp broadband sensors of the Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP). Five instruments were located at the drilling site and five instruments were installed at a distance up to 3.5km around the injection site. The Instruments were either installed in basements or buried at a depth of about 70cm (KTE, KTF and KTG). The installation was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, grant 03G0736A) by the University of Leipzig and the GIPP.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; Germany ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~240G
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 43
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    DEEP-TEE Phase 1 (2014)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: Abstract
    Description: A seismological experiment was started in July 2014 in and around the East Eifel Volcanic Field, Germany. Following two unusually deep micro-earthquakes in September 2013 (about 40 km depth) a seismic network was installed to record more local seismic events in order to better understand the seismicity and dynamics of this region. Ten recording stations of the GFZ GIPP (Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam at Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences) and three recording stations of the KIT KABBA (Karlsruhe BroadBand Array at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) were placed between the permanent stations of the state earthquake survey (Landeserdbebendienst). Altogether about 18-20 short-period and broadband stations could be used to study the seismicity up to August 2016. This dataset is unique concerning the station density in this region and allows determination of hypocenter parameters with high precision and accuracy, estimation of the local crustal and upper mantle structure as well as using array techniques for wavelengths of about 10-50 km. After August 2016 the network was reconfigured and continuously updated by KIT-GPI and LGB. Waveform data is available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 1P, and is fully open.
    Keywords: Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS ; Passive seismic ; Seismometers ; Velocity ; MiniSEED ; GIPP ; MESI
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~235G
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 44
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    Temporary seismological network in Longmenshan, LONGMEN (2012/2013) (2012)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: Abstract
    Description: From June 2012 to November 2013, the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (CAGS) together with the Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ) operated an array of 80 broadband seismic stations in a 300 km by 150 km area straddling the Longmenshan fault zone around the epicentre of the Wenchuan earthquake. Since the occurrence of the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake which ruptured about 300 km of the Longmenshan fault zone in May 2008, this region has attracted the attention of many Earth scientists. Since the earthquake the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling (WFSD) Project has drilled several holes up to 3 km depth. The main purpose of the present array of seismological stations is to investigate the deep structure of the region surrounding the epicentre of the Wenchuan earthquake. While the array was operating the Ms 6.6 Lushan earthquake occurred in April 2013 at the SW edge of the array. Waveform data is available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 2F, and is embargoed until DEC 2017.
    Keywords: Continental tectonics: compressional ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; Passive seismic ; Seismometers ; Velocity ; MiniSEED ; GIPP ; MESI
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 392GB
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    DATA GFZ
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