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  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (26,481)
  • Emerald  (17,283)
  • 2000-2004  (43,764)
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Publisher
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evangelism of great works in management: How the gospel is spread (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 1226-1239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper explores how great ideas become "great works". The paper explores the process used by Frederick Taylor to "spread the gospel" of scientific management - one of management's great works. The paper takes this example, dissects it and applies current theory and models to explain how the concept of scientific management was created, refined, disseminated and ultimately used throughout the world in diverse industries and both public and private organizations. Ideas must be created, tested, evaluated, modified, and put back through the process of what Nonaka and Takeuchi call the "spiral of knowledge". Once an idea becomes great, it needs an evangelist to spread the good word - this person is a knowledge activist. The knowledge activist uses his/her social networks to reach a wide variety of groups. This illustration and explanation demonstrates that both academia and the popular press are essential for great works to happen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410568935
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The contribution of neural networks and genetic algorithms to business decision support: Academic myth or practical solution? (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 229-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Managing large amounts of information and efficiently using this information in improved decision making has become increasingly challenging as businesses collect terabytes of data. Intelligent solutions, based on neural networks (NNs) and genetic algorithms (GAs), to solve complicated practical problems in various sectors are becoming more and more widespread nowadays. The current study provides an overview for the operations researcher of the neural networks and genetic algorithms methodology, as well as their historical and current use in business. The main aim is to present and focus on the wide range of business areas of NN and GA applications, avoiding an in-depth analysis of all the applications - with varying success - recorded in the literature. This review reveals that, although still regarded as a novel methodology, NN and GA are shown to have matured to the point of offering real practical benefits in many of their applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410518534
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Information technology and organisational structure: vindicating theories from the past (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 316-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Last century, J.R. Galbraith discussed the relationship between the amount of information an organisation processes and its structure. J.D. Thompson discussed a related topic of task interdependence and coordination. Given that the processing and management of information is the basis of electronic commerce (EC), the fastest developing mode of conducting business today, it is apposite to ask how relevant Galbraith's and Thompson's theories are today. As organisations increase their offerings and influence to attain competitive advantage they become more complex. Both information technology (IT) and the theories of Galbraith and Thompson assist them to reduce that complexity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410513854
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is management education beneficial to society? (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 481-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper examines whether or not US-style management education is beneficial to society and presents a review of recent events, which suggest that management education must be improved. Two principal approaches to management education and resulting practice are presented and framed differently to better reflect and comprehend societal impacts. They are termed high waste and low waste, where waste is defined as activities and behaviors that do not add value and can be eliminated. High waste management practice, or conventional management, is what the majority business schools teach. Low waste management practice, rooted in the principles and practices of the Toyota Management System, is much less common in business school education. Proposes three improvements to management education that will deliver greater benefits to society while simultaneously promoting the interests of business.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410518949
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Back to basics and beyond: Strategic management - an area where practice and theory are poorly related (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 508-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Based on the strategic challenges faced by Western companies in the coming decade, this paper is concerned with the area of strategic management. In particular, emphasis is on the relationship between managerial problems, managerial practice and state-of-the-art theories on strategic management. Interestingly, it is found that managerial practice over the past 10 years has had a poor relationship to the actual problems faced by managers and to the state-of-the-art theories on strategic management. At the same time, however, state-of-the art theories of strategic management have also had a poor relationship to the problems faced by managers. Strategic management is, therefore, lost and needs to be reconsidered in light of the empirical challenges of the area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410523141
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Measuring alliance value and risk: A model approach to prioritizing alliance projects (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 182-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Alliances have been the focus of research studies often because they offer an attractive alternative to traditional arrangements. With a global economy, rapid product cycles, capital constraints and advances in technology, no one firm has all the capability to maintain and grow market share. Factors such as these are leading firms to consider different forms of partnerships including alliances. Contemporary alliance research is often segmented by types of arrangements, durations, returns, failures and best practices. Studies that evaluate and rank specific alliance criteria are somewhat limited. To explore specific alliance risk and value variables a study was conducted at a large manufacturing organization with extensive alliance history. A questionnaire was developed and distributed that contained both ordinal and scale rankings of specific alliance value and risk criteria. The aggregate responses were prioritized and a weight was assigned allowing for quantitative assessment for both alliance value and risk. The information was later converted into an alliance value/risk check sheet to be used to rank multiple projects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410511252
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The facets of the entrepreneur: identifying entrepreneurial potential (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 243-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: People who start new businesses vary in the degree of entrepreneurial talent and temperament they possess. The same is true of strategic leaders and intrapreneurs inside large organisations, where entrepreneurial people are required to champion the change agenda in dynamic and turbulent environments. These issues can be explored in the context of six key entrepreneur character themes, or natural and instinctive behaviours. Techniques help, but alone they cannot compensate for missing characteristics. Without the important entrepreneur characteristics, survival and growth rates are lower. This paper outlines a new framework for identifying entrepreneurs and describes the research programme through which the model has been validated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410515861
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A framework for the strategic management of long-term assets (SMoLTA) (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 277-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Managing long-term infrastructural assets, such as real estate, buildings and equipment, is becoming more topical at the strategic level. Such assets are reported to comprise 25 per cent or more of corporate assets and occupancy costs represent 40-50 per cent of net operating incomes and are often the third most expensive item (behind labour costs and IT). Managers with little experience of the strategic management of long-term assets (SMoLTA) often find this a challenging agenda. This paper reports exploratory research on how managers are addressing the SMoLTA and is drawn from the views of senior managers in 25 organisations of varying sizes from the public and private sectors. In addition, the paper uses data from research on management practices in four case companies that have excellent reputations in this field, synthesising the findings into algorithmic form. This algorithm is developed and presented as a tentative framework which aims to help facilitate managers in aligning corporate and infrastructure strategy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410518516
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Co-producing management knowledge (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 375-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The division between academic knowledge and its relevance for practice is an enduring problem across many fields. Nowhere is this division more pronounced, and resolution of its negative features more required, than in academic management research and its relationship to management practice, for the advent of the knowledge revolution requires that organizations capitalize on all available assets including knowledge assets when improving performance either by increasing efficiencies or ensuring mission delivery in the medium term. How companies might achieve this has become a key question. This paper reports the "co-production" model of knowledge creation and transfer through a novel case of this in practice. It outlines how academics and managers can work together using a "systematic review" of the science base to synthesize management knowledge and ensure its transfer. In doing so it offers management academics and practitioners a new model for the production and application of knowledge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410518895
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application dilemma - a sceptic's perspective (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 542-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Management researchers, academics and educators and self proclaimed management gurus have produced an enormous literary output on the topic of management and organisations over the past 100 years or so. There is no dearth of information available to practitioners on almost any topic in this field about which they wish to enquire. The $64 question remains - how much of the information and advice actually gets put into continuing effective use by managers? This paper examines a range of topics and suggests that the answer to the question is "very little".
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410518967
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    Disturbing the sounds of silence - hearing other voices (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 552-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper explores the discipline, study and practice of management through the "current voice of management" and through four different voices. The four different voices are those of: a one-person business, a PhD researcher in a school of management, a co-ordinator of an articulated inter-disciplinary Masters program in the Leadership and Management of Change, and a management consultant. The paper first introduces some implications of our current management voices and then explores aspects of each voice, concluding with a short reflection on the message drawn from them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410522296
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    Unlearning gender blindness: new directions in management education (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 565-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper argues that business and management schools continue to operate a gender blind approach (or at best gender neutral) to management education, management research and the development of management theory. This echoes a pattern repeated in the practice of management, which closes down and inhibits opportunities for management to be "done differently" and for organisations to be different. Reflecting on the author's experiences within two business schools and on their empirical research carried out over six years, the paper provides substantive arguments for the authors' position relating to the masculine nature of management, the place of academic women in management, the male dominated processes of management education and management research and the need to place gender on the agenda in management education. The paper concludes with a call for an "unlearning" and a "rethinking" of gender blind management education and provides some examples of how this might be achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410522287
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Identity work in the transition from manager to management academic (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 418-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The phenomenon of current practitioners moving into academia is generally welcomed in terms addressing recruitment problems and the perceived benefit of bringing practical experience into the academic setting. Yet the individual practitioner may encounter considerable difficulties with this career transition. This paper identifies the different sources and discourses of credibility - management experience versus academic knowledge - as particularly relevant, and considers the ways in which these "emergent management academics" manage their self-identities in their day-to-day interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410518903
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
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    Teaching management and management educators: some considerations (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 430-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper is concerned with some aspects of management education and intends to discuss the relationships among universities, teaching techniques, management educators, and information and communication technologies. Adopting an adequate perspective of the relationship between universities and enterprises for improving and updating management higher education, it defends that management can be taught in a better way if universities are able to explore its teachers' skills and establish very frequent partnerships with enterprises to create an environment where management activities may be better understood. The aim is to revise different issues, to emphasise the value of practical approaches of management education, the importance of pedagogy based on solving problems and the decision-making process. An interpretative model for management education supported by the integration of management teaching techniques is presented. The model is divided into three areas: the area of theoretical resources, the area related to educator's personal experience, and a set of practical aspects where partnerships are included. Further empirical work will be required to appreciate university's committees' opinions, managerial implications, and to evaluate their statistical meaning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410521800
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
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    Strategy competence: a successful approach to international market entry (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 758-768 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article presents a study of the link between strategy competence and performance in the context of international market entry. The concept of strategy competence encompasses international market entry and business relatedness. It is assumed that efforts of a firm to establish a business in a market where the firm encounters limited entry barriers, and where the local business belongs to the corporate core, lead to high performance in the local business. The empirical findings are based on a study of 173 Swedish ventures in Germany and indicate that limited customer access problems lead to high performance. At the same time, high relatedness between the core business and the local business, in terms of similar requirements for management skills and similar brand recognition, leads to high performance of the local business. In light of the findings, management would be well advised to leverage key management skills such as brand management from the core to the local business and to continuously evaluate ways to achieve customer access.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410542320
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
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    The new normal: lessons learned from SARS for corporations operating in emerging markets (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 794-806 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The modern industrialized world was completely caught off guard by the recent SARS outbreak. Fortunately, for most organizations, the impact has been short lived, but management has been provided with a reminder of the impact of the external environment in a world of ever increasing globalization. As seen with the SARS outbreak, a lack of preparedness can have devastating effects on business and warrant inclusion in a business definition of a crisis. This paper uses the recent SARS epidemic as a background to highlight the importance of crisis planning, particularly in emerging economies, and suggests how organizations can address these concerns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410542357
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  • 17
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    A framework for situation room analysis and exploration of its application potential in the information technologies market (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 882-891 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Work presented in this paper forms part of a wider research in defining a methodological framework for situation room analysis (SRA), and its employment for complex (business enterprise) systems study. More specifically, we investigate the area of multiparty collaboration and decision-making activities by using the central metaphor of a situation room (SR). The latter term is broadly used in the context of military operations and has specific semantical connotations. These connotations are deliberately exploited in order to propose an analytical scheme based on it, which aims to assist planning initiatives and decision making in a particular application domain. Historically speaking, a SR is considered as the intelligence analysis centre used to stay abreast of the latest intelligence reports and updates. For the purposes of our aim, i.e. the multiparty collaboration and decision-making activities from within the SRA framework, it is easy to see that the latter should be data-driven.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410550943
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  • 18
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    Strategic planning for value-based management: An empirical examination (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 938-948 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper developed a model to identify empirically the critical strategic variables for value-based management. Since "value" is abstract in its nature, managers need to know more concrete and clear target measures that derive the value of their business. In this model common financial variables and their variations are used as input variables to synthesize the market value added (MVA). The model used an artificial intelligence technique that is non-parametric by nature and intended to capture a dynamic relationship between input and output variables. The study results show that this model is able to identify a set of strategic variables that are linked directly to the MVA of companies involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410555434
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  • 19
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    Managerial myopia or systemic short-termism?: The importance of managerial systems in valuing the long term (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 949-962 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: For more than two decades both the business press and research in several academic disciplines have seen an extended debate over what has been called "myopia" or "short-termism". These terms have been used to describe decisions in which firms pursue short-term gains (?for example, seeking to maximize quarterly profits) at the expense of long term strategies (?for example, investing in basic research or laying the groundwork for new core competencies). Despite the attention to this subject, there remain conflicting positions in the business press and inconclusive evidence from research regarding causes and proposed solutions. This paper proposes that progress may be possible by looking inside firms - addressing how managerial systems and decision-making processes affect the development of long term strategies. Survey results suggest that systemic elements - organizational culture, processes, and routines - have promised in understanding why firms may undervalue the long term and pay too much attention to the short-term. This study finds that firms are less likely to undervalue the long term when they are able to manage tradeoffs between short-term and long term results, and create a climate of trust that allows individuals to weather the short-term setbacks necessary to achieve long term results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410555443
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  • 20
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    A study in comparative strategy using the Alanbrooke diaries (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 1024-1036 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The purpose of this paper is to draw conclusions on strategy formulation from an analysis of the "Alanbrooke" diaries. The approach is comparative, and uses the information in the diary and the forms of business strategies devised by Mintzberg et al., and with ideas on business alliances. The paper finds that the logical, planned approach of Alanbrooke is contrasted with the more entrepreneurial attitude of Churchill, but the combination of these contrasting traits led to effective strategy formulation. The difference in character of them and the resulting controversies were essential to make the right choices, and Churchill deliberately chose someone who was likely to oppose him. The research is limited by the possibility of bias in the diary. A practical implication is that leaders can benefit from choosing a strong, talented colleague, even though the stormy interactions can be wearisome. The value in this analysis is in the light it sheds on the way strategy is developed in a real situation and is also an indication of the value of the comparative approach to the study of strategy process.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410555498
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  • 21
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    Innovation through people (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 1082-1094 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Creativity underpins innovation; innovation underpins enterprise. In the business world it is enterprises, not ideas or products on their own, that make money. Much attention is given to new product development and to processes of innovation. Indeed, there are increasingly popular techniques to support these processes. However, successful enterprises and effective corporate entrepreneurship need both ideas and people. While considerable attention is given to the product development side of innovation, it is a matter of debate whether the same degree of attention is always given to the people side, and the identification and development of people with entrepreneurial potential. When we consider entrepreneurs we have to look at how they think as well as at how they act - and thinking contains both conscious and unconscious elements. Techniques generally address conscious rather than unconscious thought processes. There are some aspects of our creative thinking processes that we can't readily explain. We need to get "inside the mind" of the innovator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410565127
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  • 22
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    Academic ethics: What has morality, culture and administration got to do with its measurement? (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 1145-1161 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: While there is no dearth of studies on ethical issues, the specific subject of examination misconduct has attracted fewer studies, especially in Africa. This study is an ongoing exploratory attempt to develop a measure of examination misconduct. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from 450 undergraduate business students of the Universities of Botswana and Swaziland. A nine-item measure of examination misconduct was correlated with a measure of perception of business ethics, ethical value assessment and Hofstede's four dimensions of culture. The results indicated significant inter-correlations among the variables (especially the three measures of ethics) and limited construct validity for the examination misconduct scale. The results of factor analysis suggest three factors for the emerging scale: cheating behaviour, intervention and desperation. The ethical inferences of the findings, managerial implications for university administrators and practitioners, study limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410565172
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  • 23
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    The differentiating function of modern forms of leadership (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 892-906 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: According to recent developments in decision-making theory organizational decisions are governed by organizational values and identities according to a logic of appropriateness rather than calculative and preference-driven rationality. Similarly, leadership theory has developed from ideas about leadership as an exchange between superiors and subordinates (transactional leadership) to ideas about symbolic manipulation of organizational values and identities (transformational leadership). In this paper, it is shown how the combination of organizational and personal identities in decision-making and leadership can cause decision-making problems. Where individuals are encouraged as organizational members to identify with the organization, and thus, be motivated beyond a perspective of give and take, an overlap between individual and organizational identities should be expected. Also discussed how individual decision-makers' insufficient understanding of organizational decision-premises may lead to the faulty replacement of organizational identities with individual values and identities.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410550952
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  • 24
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    A quantitative approach to the outsourcing-insourcing decision in an international context (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 974-986 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Outsourcing manufacturing and services to differing locations throughout the world is a common practice today. Yet, very little research has dealt with the known risks of outsourcing when it takes place between business organizations in differing countries or in an international context. This study presents a quantitative model that permits the inclusion of international risk factors in the outsourcing-insourcing decision. A Fortune 500 firm case study is used to illustrate the informational efficacy of the decision model.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410555461
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  • 25
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    The challenges of performance measurement (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 1017-1023 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: An interview with Professor Andy Neely who talks to editor Sarah Powell about the challenges of performance measurement, the role of the Centre for Business Performance, aims of the Performance Management Association and advantages of The Performance Prism.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410555515
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  • 26
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    Harmonisation of company law: Lessons from Scottish and English legal history (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 42 (2004), S. 1037-1050 
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    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Company law harmonisation is considered to be necessary for the achievement of the European Union's (EU) aim of a single market and the free movement of goods and services throughout member states. This paper aims to contribute to understanding of both business and accounting history by considering whether UK legal history can offer any insight into the process of harmonisation. First, approaches to company law in the United Kingdom and the remainder of the EU are outlined in order to identify key differences and to explain why harmonisation is desired. Secondly, the UK position is considered and historical attempts to lessen legal differences between Scots and English mercantile laws are then examined, focusing on harmonisation attempts. Finally, by reflecting on the UK experience, implications for the EU company law harmonisation programme are drawn.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410555506
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    Leading the strategic development of intellectual capital (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 25 (2004), S. 142-160 
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    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The Intellectual Capital Realization Process (ICRP), developed by the authors, permits the leaders of an organization to develop strategies to realize the potential of intellectual capital (IC). This process is consistent with the resource-based view of the firm, which suggests looking inward to develop core competencies for building competitive advantages. By utilizing a public sector organization as an example, this paper seeks to inform the reader of the preliminary work and subsequent steps to follow when implementing the ICRP. The Canadian Sport Centre Calgary (CSCC) organization serves this purpose, although the ICRP has also proven equally successful when used in a private sector company. The ICRP helped the CSCC identify and plan the development of its unique capabilities, relationships, and processes that benefit the organization through the creation of leadership ability and the generation of wealth.
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    Supervisory leadership and implementation phase (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 25 (2004), S. 201-215 
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    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study's aim is to explore the role of the manager-leader when decisions are being implemented. Contingency theories of leadership served as a primary basis on this direction. The choice of a specific version of his/her supervisory style turned out an interplay of critical factors. The satisfaction of his/her subordinates in the phase of implementation remained a key for their acceptance/commitment to the goals. The fine tuning with the situation enhanced the prestige and reputation that he/she enjoyed among the corporate networks. More topics complemented the understanding of his/her role: the obstacles arising during a top-down change program; the implementation dynamism behind the conflicts of the subordinates over decisions; and the subordinates' daily contribution towards a participative culture.
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    Identifying sectoral management cultures through recruitment advertising (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 25 (2004), S. 279-291 
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    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Adapting the research methodology and framework utilised by Communal and Senior, this paper analyses messages conveyed by advertisements for senior management positions in the Irish national press with a view to discerning if there are sectoral differences in management cultures in Ireland. Following the literature review and presentation of the research methodology, a report on the overall findings of the data collected is presented. A qualitative comparison of messages about management cultures in the private, public and non-government organisation sector is presented. In some cases, quantitative data are employed to enhance the findings. Distinct messages about differing management cultures on a sectoral basis are uncovered throughout the research.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437730410531074
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    Perceived leader integrity and ethical intentions of subordinates (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 25 (2004), S. 7-23 
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    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study examined the relationship between perceived leader integrity, belief in universal moral rules, and employees' ethical intentions while controlling for socially desirable response tendencies. The results demonstrated that both higher perceived leader integrity and stronger beliefs in universal moral rules were associated with lower intentions to commit unethical acts. More importantly, the results revealed an interaction between perceived leader integrity and belief in universal moral rules. Individuals with a strong belief in universal moral rules exhibited low intentions of committing unethical acts, regardless of the perceived integrity of their leaders. For individuals who do not adhere to a belief in universal moral rules, intention to commit unethical acts decreased as the perceived integrity of the leaders increased.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437730410512741
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    Impact of transformational leadership on followers' influence strategies (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 25 (2004), S. 58-72 
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    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Effects of leader-member exchange, transformational leadership, and perceived value system congruence between leader and follower on follower's six upward influence strategies-assertiveness, bargaining, coalition, friendliness, higher authority, and reasoning were studied using a sample of 281 managers working in various organizations in India. Results show that transformational leadership mediates the relationship between LMX and congruence. Both LMX and transformational leadership are related positively to friendliness and reasoning, and negatively to higher authority. Congruence is not related to influence strategies. Transformational leadership is the best predictor of friendliness, and neither LMX nor congruence explains significant additional variance in friendliness. Similarly, LMX is the best predictor of reasoning, and neither transformational leadership nor congruence explains significant additional variance in reasoning. Controlling for transformational leadership makes the relationship between LMX and higher authority non-significant and controlling for LMX makes the relationship between transformational leadership and higher authority non-significant.
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    The impact of organizational culture and person-organization fit on organizational commitment and job satisfaction in Taiwan (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 25 (2004), S. 592-599 
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    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The related concepts of organizational culture and person-organization (P-O) fit or congruence between the person and organization are important to organizational success. The psychological contract, which is both perceptual and individual, forms the basis of the P-O fit. However, there has been little attention paid to the interaction of fit and organizational culture with such concepts as job satisfaction and organizational commitment and the application of this concept in non-western cultures. The results of this study, conducted in Taiwan, indicate that P-O fit is a key element in both the level of job satisfaction that employees experience and also in their level of organizational commitment whether measured by an instrument or turnover rates. An organization is not a passive or stable institution and it evolves and grows within an organizational culture. While P-O fit may be linked to organizational culture, the impact of specific types of organizational culture was also assessed. Involvement in an organization that had a bureaucratic organizational culture resulted in the lowest levels of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. An innovative culture was next highest and a supportive culture had the highest level of employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment. These findings indicate that organizational culture plays an important role in the level of job satisfaction and commitment in an organization. In terms of the impact of the P-O fit on job satisfaction and organizational commitment in Taiwan, the results indicate that the degree of fit plays an important role in all of the types of organizational culture studied. The better the fit the higher the levels of these two variables. The results indicate that the P-O fit is an important variable within the organizations in non-western cultures.
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    Differences in leadership styles and behaviour across hierarchical levels in UK organisations (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 25 (2004), S. 93-106 
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    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Several studies have examined the leadership styles and behaviour of managers across hierarchical levels to see whether or not the styles and behaviour are similar. The present study collected data from over 400 managers in the UK to research the topic. It found that generally there are significant differences in the leadership styles between senior and first-level managers, but not between senior and middle-level managers or between middle and first-level managers. The study suggests that differences in the leadership styles practised by managers may be blurred in organisations with short chains of command, while it will tend to be pronounced in organisations with long chains of command, other things being equal. Overall, while there was a weak but statistically significant difference between the leadership styles of senior and first-level managers, the differences in their leadership behaviour was statistically strong. The implications of these results are explored.
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    Servant leadership at Heritage Bible College: a single-case study (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 25 (2004), S. 600-617 
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    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This case study used the variables of both Patterson's and Winston's models of servant leadership and examined the attitudes of employees at Heritage Bible College toward their leader to determine if the leader was a servant leader and if the variables of the two models helped explain the process by which leaders and followers serve each other in the organization. Thirteen employees and the leader provided data triangulated by three methods of data collection: the researcher's observations over a two-year period, the data from the Servant-Shepherd Leadership Indicator, and responses to ten in-depth interview questions. This case study supports the use of Patterson's and Winston's models of servant leadership, or at least confirms the specific variables examined by the interview question/topics: trust, empowerment, vision, altruism, intrinsic motivation, commitment, and service.
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    Leadership and the development of dominant and countercultures: A narcissistic perspective (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 25 (2004), S. 216-233 
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    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article uses a case study analysis to analyse a leadership scenario that permits a dominant culture and a counterculture to develop and coexist simultaneously within a single organisation. Research findings are presented to show the circumstances under which the leadership of a reactive narcissistic founder-leader can give rise to the coexistence of a dominant and a counterculture through an incremental development process. By employing the "successful-idealising" concepts of Gagliardi, the case demonstrates how such a leader can allow antagonistic organisational values to exist in a marginalised state alongside those of the dominant culture, as long as such values fall within the latitude of tolerance of the leader. The circumstances under which this process can occur are analysed within the context of the case.
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    Exploring leadership preferences in multicultural workgroups: An Australian case study (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 25 (2004), S. 263-278 
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    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A workforce comprising individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds necessitates attention to subordinate leadership preferences. Exploratory studies conducted within an Australian Government department examined the mix of leadership behaviours that different cultural workgroups preferred their supervisors to display. Transactional and transformational leadership approaches were explored and workgroups were classified either as Australian or Non-Australian background (NAB). Case study methodology employing semi-structured interviews, written surveys, organisational document review and on-site observations was used. Findings indicate that Australian supervisors and their subordinates were not aware of the types of, or the subordinates' preferences for leadership behaviours displayed by the supervisors. While both cultural workgroups preferred transformational leadership behaviours, they differed in the mix and intensity of transactional and transformational leadership behaviours they would prefer their supervisors to display. The findings have significance for supervisory leadership practices and leadership training for organisations and leaders who wish to develop their culturally diverse workgroup leadership skills.
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    Predicting openness and commitment to change (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 25 (2004), S. 485-498 
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    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Developed and tested a model of the change management strategies that predict openness and commitment to a large-scale organizational change. Based on a sample of 164 employees, a partially- and a fully-mediated model were compared with the former providing the best fit to the data. Communication and job security predicted openness and trust both directly and indirectly, via procedural justice. Participation predicted trust directly and indirectly but predicted openness to change only indirectly (via procedural justice). Turnover intentions were negatively predicted by openness and trust. Finally, turnover intentions predicted neglect. These results highlight the role of procedural justice perceptions in understanding organizational change.
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    Linking emotional intelligence abilities and transformational leadership styles (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 25 (2004), S. 554-564 
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    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Today's business environment is changing tremendously due to economic forces that result in the redesign of systems to decrease cost, the need to speed up product development and the focused attention on satisfying customers. These conditions have caused organizations to utilize project management to implement strategic initiatives through projects. By utilizing a "big picture" systems approach to analyze how the system components interact, decisions can be made which are in the "best interest" of the overall project. Project management is ideally matched to this business environment. The study addressed 24 project managers and their associated projects in six organizations from varied industries. The results of the study found that a project manager's transformational leadership style has a positive impact on actual project performance, that emotional intelligence ability contributes to a project manager's transformational leadership style and subsequent actual project performance.
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    Using value-stream maps to improve leadership (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 25 (2004), S. 622-645 
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    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Presents for the first time how value-stream maps can be used to determine leadership beliefs, behaviors, and competencies. Current-state value-stream maps represent "conventional" management thinking and practices - what most business schools teach - while future-state maps represent progressive "lean" management thinking and practices rooted in the Toyota management system. Current- and future-state value-stream maps for manufacturing and service business processes are used to illustrate the progression from belief to behavior to competency. The beliefs, behaviors, and competencies of leaders skilled in these two modes of management thinking and practice are shown to be remarkably different, and constitute an alternative and simpler route for identifying leadership problems and improving leadership effectiveness.
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    Development and freedom (2004)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 31 (2004), S. 39-56 
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    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper is an attempt to understand how Amartya Sen's thinking on development and freedom has evolved from his critique of welfare economics and his concern with underdevelopment and poverty. It is argued that Sen has done a great deal to rescue welfare economics from the consequences of methodological individualism by seeking an objective basis for comparisons of well-being, by insisting on the need for interpersonal comparability and by creating a space for normative evaluations. Sen's contribution to the human development approach with its emphasis on positive freedom has also helped to provide a valuable counterweight to the dominant free market approach. However, some concerns are expressed that the approach does not give sufficient attention to long-run dynamics and that the conception of capability employed is not helpful for the understanding of development
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    Lauchlin Currie's memoirs: Chapter III: The New Deal (2004)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 31 (2004), S. 201-234 
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    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Examines Laughlin Currie's experiences in helping to implement the New Deal, a new monetary system of Roosevelt's administration implemented during the 1930s.
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    Measuring performance in defense-sector companies in a small NATO member country (2004)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 31 (2004), S. 112-128 
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    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In all European national defense-sector industries, organizational efficiency forms a vital component of the operations that improves competitiveness in the market. The Portuguese government subsidizes companies that are active in this sector in its mission for the companies to achieve improved operational competitiveness, thereby increasing exports and, consequently, become profitable. The policy of subsidization is intended to provide incentives for increasing productive efficiency, which, in the long run, would contribute to the defense industry sharing in the social gains in the form of greater employment and local development. The issue considered in this paper is whether government subsidies have, in fact, resulted in an increase in the technical efficiency and allocative efficiency of the Portuguese defense-sector companies. The results are, at best, mixed, leading to the conclusion that the incentive regulation carried out by the Ministry of Defense is not achieving its aims. Therefore, a policy revision to enforce efficiency is proposed, based on a governance environment framework.
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    Public spending as a means to recovery: August 6, 1936 (2004)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 31 (2004), S. 298-309 
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    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Presents Lauchlin Currie's views on public spending as a means to recovery which originally appeared in a memorandum of April 6, 1936.
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    Proposals relating to the capital inflow problem: February 13, 1937 (2004)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 31 (2004), S. 327-328 
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    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The author, Lauchlin Currie, suggests, in a memorandum written in February 1937, that there should be banking legislation with reference to foreign capital inflows. Gives a series of suggestions as to what might be needed.
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    Lauchlin Currie: a biographical sketch (2004)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 31 (2004), S. 194-197 
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    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Presents a short biography of Lauchlin Currie (8 October 1902-23 December 1993), who constructed the first money supply and income velocity series for the USA.
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    Speech at the Chicago Forum of the American Institute of Banking: The behavior of depositsFebruary 24, 1938 (2004)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 31 (2004), S. 340-346 
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    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Discusses, in a speech given by Lauchlin Currie at the Chicago Forum of the American Institute of Banking on February 24, 1938, behavior of deposits from the viewpoint of an individual banker. Looks at some of the functions and peculiar characteristics of banking which are mainly associated with deposits. Concludes that the more accurately bankers can determine the probable variability of their deposits the more efficiently will they be able to discharge their responsibilities to their stockholders, depositors, localities and the nation at large.
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    Resources, capabilities, competences and the theory of the firm (2004)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 31 (2004), S. 409-434 
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    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The aim of the paper is to point out some investigation lines which might result useful in building-up a theory of the firm based on its resources, capabilities and competences (RCC). While the focus on RCC has helped to address some limitations of the standard contractual paradigm, a positive RCC theory of the firm hesitates to take-off as its operationalization is still at an early stage. In order to move further towards this task, the paper suggests to: distinguish the nature of the problems of the contractual perspective which an alternative theory should solve (Section 2); identify those RCC features which are essential in connecting them to the core issues of the theory of the firm, that is, existence, boundaries and organization (Section 3); evaluate the implications of any hybridisation attempt between the two firm perspectives (Section 4). The paper then moves some exploratory steps along these research directions, providing some arguments about the opportunity to pursue them further.
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    1934 letter to FDR (2004)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 31 (2004), S. 261-263 
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    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Presents a letter written by Lauchlin Currie in 1934 to the then President of the USA Roosevelt, praising his monetary policy and also offering advice.
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    PhD thesis: "Bank assets and banking theory", Harvard University, January 1931[1]: Chapter I: History of theory of bank assets (2004)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 31 (2004), S. 235-243 
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    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Presents Chapter I of Laughlin Currie's PhD thesis in which he discusses the history of bank assets and banking theory.
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    Interview with Lauchlin Currie on the Great Depression[1] (2004)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 31 (2004), S. 264-266 
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    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Presents an interview conducted in 1981 by London Weekend Television with Lauchlin Currie on the Great Depression of the 1930s in the USA, which contains his own suggested questions and answers.
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    The transmission mechanism of monetary policy: Evidence from the Caribbean (2004)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 31 (2004), S. 435-447 
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    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper presents an empirical analysis of the monetary transmission mechanism in four Caribbean countries: Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados and Guyana. This research is timely since little is known about the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in developing countries in general and in the Caribbean in particular. In developing countries financial markets tend to be relatively unsophisticated hence monetary policy is likely to affect the real sector by altering the quantity and availability of credit rather than the price of credit. The results show that the credit and exchange rate channels are more important than the money channel in transmitting impulses from the financial sector to the real sector. The findings can assist policy makers in other developing countries in the design and implementation of monetary policy.
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    Estimating private savings behaviour in Greece (2004)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 31 (2004), S. 457-476 
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    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper investigates the long- and short-run determinants of aggregate private savings in Greece employing data over the period 1961-2000. The long-run savings function is estimated based on an extended life-cycle hypothesis taking into account the economic and demographic developments during this period. A long-run saving function sensitive to fertility changes, old dependency ratio, real interest rate, liquidity and public finances is found to exist and the importance of short-run deviations is presented using vector error-correction model estimation. The empirical evidence suggests the existence of a stable long-run savings function in Greece both in the long- and short-run periods and the policy implications of such a relationship are presented.
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    Corruption: a non-parametric analysis (2004)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 31 (2004), S. 509-523 
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    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper considers the distributional dynamics of a well-known corruption index. Specifically, we are interested in evaluating whether corruption is best characterized as multimodal (i.e. pointing to clusters of countries with persistently different levels of corruption) and whether there have been significant changes (i.e. convergence or divergence) in the distribution of the perception of corruption across countries and over time. Using non-parametric kernel density methods, our findings lend support to concerns expressed in the theoretical literature - namely, that corruption can be highly persistent, and characterized by multiple equilibria. This highlights and corroborates the conclusion that anti-corruption campaigns must be sustained to be effective.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443580410569253
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    Rural poverty in developing countries: an empirical analysis (2004)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 31 (2004), S. 500-508 
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    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper empirically analyzes the determinants of rural poverty in developing countries. Using data from a sample of 32 developing countries we are able to show that income redistribution in favor of the poorest 10 percent of the population, improving the productivity of agricultural workers, raising the economic and social status of women, especially of rural women, government policies aimed at reducing systemic discrimination against ethnic minorities, encouraging tourism where possible, and programs designed to assist the irrigation of croplands are called for in the quest for alleviating poverty in rural areas. As the extent of rural poverty is reduced, an added benefit is the deceleration of the rural-urban migration process, which results in less pressure on government to provide additional spending on services such as sanitation, health, and education in urban areas as well as having to deal with a host of problems associated with overgrown cities such as a higher incidence of crime and of shanty towns on the outskirts of these cities.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443580410569244
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    Eight conjectures about exchange rates (2004)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 31 (2004), S. 524-548 
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    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper examines and dissects eight popular conjectures about exchange rates. The conjectures are: there exists a systematic linkage between economic fundamentals and exchange rates; flexible exchange rates are unstable due to destabilising speculation; flexible exchange rates are excessively volatile; the foreign exchange market is efficient; purchasing power parity holds; volatile exchange rates are harmful to trade; depreciating exchange rates trigger a "vicious" inflationary circle; and countries with current account deficits have depreciating exchange rates. The main message is that there is weak theoretical and empirical support for the majority of the conjectures. Only one proposition, relative PPP has strong empirical support but its policy relevance is weakened by the difficulty of interpreting departures from PPP. The remaining group for which there is inconclusive support presents the greatest challenge to research and policy as it includes the first conjecture.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443580410569262
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    The White House, Washington, Memorandum for the President: Personal: Re memorandum on full employment: March 18, 1940 (2004)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 31 (2004), S. 366-368 
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    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Presents a memorandum from Lauchlin Currie to the President of the USA written in March 1940 in which he discusses full employment and the New Deal.
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    Panel cointegration and productivity bias hypothesis (2004)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 31 (2004), S. 448-456 
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    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Productivity bias hypothesis claims that deviation of the PPP based exchange rate from the equilibrium rate is mainly due to productivity differentials among countries. Early studies that employed cross-sectional data in testing the hypothesis provided mixed results. A few time-series studies have provided some support for the hypothesis. This paper relies on panel data and recent advances in panel unit-root and panel cointegration analysis and provides strong results supporting the hypothesis. The results are not sensitive to classification of the world by regions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443580410555546
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    Sweatshops: the theory of the firm revisited (2004)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 31 (2004), S. 549-579 
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    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: When the labor supply schedule is bending forward at low wage levels, the average cost curve of firms does the same. This leads to the possibility of multiple equilibria, in particular for monopolists, thereby opening a broader range of options and keeping non-profitable firms in business. However, the global maximum is always occuring along the negatively sloping segment of the labor supply. Therefore, total welfare is declining, except perhaps in the case of monopolists, when firms are pursuing a low-wage strategy to expand output and profits, and are exploiting labor's subsistence needs to pay wages below the marginal product.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443580410569271
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    Which instruments should surveyors use to monitor moisture condition? (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Structural survey 22 (2004), S. 7-19 
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    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: This paper discusses the concept of "monitoring" moisture content (MC) as a surveying aid in connection with appraisal of buildings and when assessing the drying out of buildings, for example, after flooding damage. It also presents the findings of testing of various instruments to record the drying out of brick, timber and cement screed specimens. Conclusions are drawn on the most appropriate methods for the surveyor to use when monitoring the MC of construction materials.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02630800410530891
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    Towards improved construction waste minimisation: a need for improved supply chain integration? (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Structural survey 22 (2004), S. 20-29 
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    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: In recent years, economic, political and social pressures to adopt sustainable work practices have led to a renewed emphasis on developing effective waste minimisation measures for major construction projects. This research explored the efficacy of measures used for minimising waste in high profile UK-based projects. The case studies revealed a diverse range of waste strategies, the broader applicability of which was then explored via a questionnaire survey of waste minimisation specialists. The most effective measures were deemed to be those that fostered "waste minimisation partnerships" throughout the supply chain. Questions remain, however, as to whether the industry is culturally prepared for the collaborative relationships necessary to engender radical improvements in waste minimisation performance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02630800410533285
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    Learning building pathology using computers - evaluation of a prototype application (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Structural survey 22 (2004), S. 30-38 
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    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Building surveying employers are requiring graduates with a high level of cognitive and experiential skills to enable them to survey buildings directly after graduation with little or no supervision.This has led to a change in thinking for educators as providing this type of graduate requires learning and training material that is time-consuming and costly to provide, as it requires learners to be actively involved in real surveying tasks. This paper presents the results of a prototype application developed to enable inexperienced surveyors to learn building pathology without leaving their desktops.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02630800410530909
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    Impact of flood characteristics on damage caused to UK domestic properties: the perceptions of building surveyors (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Structural survey 22 (2004), S. 95-104 
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    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Flood damage to domestic properties can be considered as a function of two key factors, that is, the flood characteristics and characteristics of the property. A thorough literature review identified that little or no consideration is given to the characteristics of flood when assessing flood-damaged domestic properties. This paper presents the perceptions of 289 building surveyors regarding flood characteristics as part of a 2-year research project to benchmark the assessment of flood-damaged domestic properties in the UK. Surveyors perceived the sewage, fasciae and contaminant content, and depth of the floodwater. Findings also revealed that methods to determine these factors were primarily a function of individual subjective perceptions. Definitive guidance is therefore, needed to minimise variations in subsequent repair and reinstatement works.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02630800410538622
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    Tensions and omissions in maintenance management advice for historic buildings (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Structural survey 22 (2004), S. 138-147 
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    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: This paper presents a review of the literature pertinent to the management of the maintenance of historic buildings. First, literature on the philosophy and principles of conservation is considered, followed by a review of the more recent subject of the management of conservation and its processes. Throughout the review the maintenance management requirements of heritage and non-heritage buildings are compared and contrasted. Key themes are identified for best practice (including those for condition surveys) and the paper concludes with the identification of perceived gaps in knowledge.
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    New developments for key worker housing in the UK (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Structural survey 22 (2004), S. 179-189 
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    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: This paper discusses the severe housing affordability problems of certain areas of the UK and the Government's "Key Worker" initiative designed to enable teachers, health workers and other essential workers to purchase housing in these areas. A case study of a proprietary pre-fabricated housing type, which may provide one solution to the provision of low cost housing, is presented. A detailed analysis of the energy requirements of the case study building and its assessment under the BRE's EcoHomes scheme is provided.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02630800410563714
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    Building defects diagnosis by infrared thermography (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Structural survey 22 (2004), S. 259-263 
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    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The application of infrared thermography has provided a reliable and accurate assessment method for the inspection of buildings and structures. The principle of the infrared thermography technique is the detection of energy by an infrared scanner and mapping the temperature contours over the surface of a target object to provide an appropriate measure of the damaged building or structure. This paper reviews the background of infrared thermography and the factors influencing the IR imaging. The applicability of infrared thermography in two particular situations is considered - the delamination of external wall finishes and a roofing system condition survey.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02630800410571571
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    Have it your way: consumer attitudes toward personalized marketing (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 22 (2004), S. 228-239 
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    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: An emerging new strategic approach is termed "mass customization" or "personalization" whereby elements of the marketing mix are individualized for each customer. This paper describes an empirical study in which 608 adult US consumers were interviewed with regard to their experiences with and attitudes toward mass customized products. The principal findings were that attitudes toward mass customization were generally positive, nearly half reported buying a personalized product, these buyers were very satisfied with their purchase, and the most likely buyers of this type of product tend to be younger, more well educated consumers, with higher than average incomes. Managerial, theoretical, and methodological implications of these findings are discussed.
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    Electronic marketing, the new kid on the block (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 22 (2004), S. 297-309 
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    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: During the last decade, many organisations have developed some form of Internet presence. This paper considers electronic marketing, the latest type of marketing, using the familiar framework of the seven Ps of marketing - product, price, promotion, place (distribution), process, physical evidence, and people - in an attempt to evaluate electronic marketing and its potential contribution to marketing in general. The paper concludes that whilst not every marketer embraces the use of the Internet, this "new kid on the block" has become an accepted part of marketing activity. The paper concludes that electronic marketing does not yet have the potential to replace traditional marketing efforts. It should be seen as a valuable and complementary tool, and managers should embrace new technology in order to create greater value for customers.
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    Business-to-business marketing: What is important to the practitioner? (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 22 (2004), S. 501-510 
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    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper reports on research sponsored by the Chartered Institute of Marketing as part of its Canon of Knowledge initiative. The paper addresses the issue of what areas currently being taught as part of the discipline of marketing are considered important by business-to-business marketing practitioners. It also examines how these differ between the private and public sectors and identifies the tools and techniques felt to be most useful to practitioners.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02634500410551888
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    Technology integration: Perceptions of sales force automation in Thailand's life assurance industry (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 22 (2004), S. 392-406 
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    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Sales force automation (SFA) is increasingly used to support customer relationships, and provides a good example of technology application on the supplier-customer interface. While research has begun to examine SFA, understanding it from the customer viewpoint is still vague. This paper reports results of exploratory qualitative research to investigate perceptions of SFA among both salespeople and their customers in the insurance industry in Thailand. Results suggest that customers want technology to be integrated into interpersonal relationships, not to replace them. Most customers, even those with extensive IT background, are not willing to interact with technology-based self service only. Much of the relationship with the company comes from trust in the salesperson, which is built up through the development of the relationship. This is probably more important in the relationship-based cultures of Asia, which are strongly familiar with interpersonal service.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02634500410542752
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    Consumer responses to environmental advertising in China (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 22 (2004), S. 427-437 
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    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study examines how consumers in China perceive and respond to company-sponsored environmental advertising claims. Based on a survey of 914 Chinese respondents in Beijing and Guangzhou, the study has derived some important findings. First, it confirms the casual observation that environmental advertising has already been widely used in the country. Second, it indicates that Chinese consumers, in general, rate print environmental advertisements more favorably than broadcast ones. This is probably due to the pragmatic orientation of Chinese consumers, who consistently seek concrete and substantiated product information from advertisements to guide their shopping. Regression analyses on the collected data further reveal that "perceived credibility of the claim", "relevance of the advertised product to daily lives", "education level" and "media type" are all significant factors that would positively affect green purchase intention of Chinese consumers. In addition to providing researchers with further understanding of Chinese consumers' attitudinal and conative responses toward environmental advertising, these findings provide advertisers with useful insights into fine-tuning their environmental advertising strategies in China.
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    In search of relevance: Is there an academic-practitioner divide in business-to-business marketing? (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 22 (2004), S. 511-519 
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    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article reports on three related empirical studies of the relevance of academic research to management practice in the field of business-to-business marketing. These studies comprise a survey of 58 academic researchers, a qualitative study of ten marketing practitioners, and a qualitative study of eight academic researchers. Academic researchers in the field of business-to-business marketing believe that their work is of interest, potential value, and relevance to practitioners, and aspire to make a contribution to management practice. Practitioners claim not to be interested in academic research, and are more favourably disposed towards consultants, who they see as more responsive to, and understanding of, business pressures. It seems clear that although academics would like to get closer to practitioners, they are inhibited by institutional factors, such as academic reward systems and the "publish or perish" culture. Mechanisms for improving the degree of cooperation between researchers and practitioners are explored.
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    Barriers to practical use of academic marketing knowledge (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 22 (2004), S. 520-530 
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    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: It is commonly assumed that a prime purpose of developing research-based marketing knowledge is that it should be useful to marketing managers and other practitioners. However, evidence suggests that academic marketing knowledge is only to a limited degree utilised in practical life. It is thus important to understand why this is the case, as well as how use of academic knowledge can be enhanced. This paper focuses on scientific knowledge about market orientation and explores a range of factors, which might impair its practical application. More specifically, it examines what types of knowledge marketing practitioners might perceive as useful and discusses a range of potential barriers to successful transfer of market orientation knowledge from academia to practitioners. Substantial barriers are identified which relate to attributes of market orientation knowledge itself and characteristics of both academics and practitioners. Findings are discussed and implications highlighted.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02634500410551905
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    A call to arms for applied marketing academics (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 22 (2004), S. 579-590 
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    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: "Research has a value that does not depend on how true it is" is a quote from Griseri's call for management researchers to concern themselves less with scientific validity and more with relevance, striking a chord within the marketing academy in the light of criticism of the lack of progress in building a body of theory in marketing and creating more links with practice. Some have warned of the dangers of too closely following practitioners' agendas. This paper debates these issues and proposes that the academic marketing community should recognise the value of getting closer to practitioners. After reviewing literature on the issue, the paper makes the case for an overtly recognised applied researcher culture to sit alongside pure research colleagues. A theoretical framework is developed and applied to a "template" for research design that will allow researchers to generate and communicate knowledge more effectively.
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    Internet market segmentation - an exploratory study of critical success factors (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 22 (2004), S. 601-622 
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    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Market segmentation is a topic that has already produced significant results in conventional marketing research but appears to be still novel in the field of Internet marketing. This triangulated study, integrating both qualitative and quantitative techniques, is based on in-depth interviews with managers and professionals from nine enterprises based in Taiwan. It focuses on 137 employees engaged in Internet market segmentation (IMS) projects such as verification, to explore the critical success factors of enterprises currently implementing IMS. The results reveal a total of six critical success factors: scientific statistical analysis, a good segmentation plan, action on results, SWOT analysis, sufficient project resources, morale and communication.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02634500410559006
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    Measuring attitudinal commitment in business-to-business channels (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 22 (2004), S. 636-651 
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    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: While organizational behaviourists have largely adopted a three-component conceptualisation of attitudinal commitment, marketers continue exclusively to apply one- or two-component models. In this paper, the reliability and validity of one-, two- and three-component models of commitment are examined within a business-to-business context. The results indicate that the three-component model incorporating instrumental, affective and normative dimensions is superior on both substantive and empirical grounds. It is subsequently argued that marketing planners need to demand that marketing researchers are more precise when incorporating commitment into conceptual and empirical studies, and account for these distinct components either by explicitly including or omitting them. It is also argued that marketing managers can enhance channel relationships if they are cognisant of the three distinct types of attitudinal commitments when formulating channel management tactics and strategies.
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    Market orientation in Indian organizations: an empirical study (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 22 (2004), S. 700-715 
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    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article investigates the extent of market orientation in a country about which most readers of Marketing Intelligence & Planning will know little, at least in the marketing context. In India, the need to deliver superior value to consumers has assumed paramount importance, as globalization increases at a fast pace and local consumers become more demanding day by day. This empirical study of 22 Indian firms is based on the antecedents and determinants of market orientation, and hence of continuous superior performance, proposed by Narver and Slater. It finds that they exhibit some key features of market orientation, but fall short on others, notably internal communication and senior management's attitude to risk. The overall outcome is a commitment to intelligence gathering and dissemination, but a comparative lack of responsiveness to the market environment.
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    Co-opetition: the organisation of the future (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 22 (2004), S. 780-790 
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    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article predicts that strategic planners in organisations of the future need to consider the potential benefits of collaborating, co-operating and co-ordinating with others serving the same markets, rather than pursuing conventional "competition". The author defines this new mindset as "co-opetition". It has been observed that the competitive psychology represents oneself as being better than others, and stresses the winning of more resources at their expense. The antithesis is active co-operation, wherein one embraces competitors in partnership to the benefit of all. It is argued that the new business environment demands new kinds of business relationships, and that "co-opetitive" partnerships have emerged as a more effective response to changed environmental threats and opportunities. Co-opetition can deliver synergy if carefully planned, managed and controlled, and preconditions for achieving this outcome are examined. Equally, weak management of a relationship can produce the opposite effect, so preconditions for survival are also discussed. The conclusion is that, on balance, co-opetition deserves marketing planners' close attention.
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    Strategic marketing planning: a twenty-first century perspective (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International marketing review 21 (2004), S. 13-16 
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    ISSN: 0265-1335
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Looks back at the Viewpoint from the first issue of International Marketing Review in order to reflect on how things have changed in the intervening 21 year period. The author then explains that he sees a continuation of the driving and restraining forces that have shaped global markets for the past half century. If the terrorist and other threats to world peace are contained or resolved, the final critical driver for further globalization is management vision.
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    Integration of relationships and business network development in the Russian transition economy (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International marketing review 21 (2004), S. 158-171 
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    ISSN: 0265-1335
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The transition to market economy in Russia in the 1980s and 1990s is analysed in terms of fragmented and integrated relationships in business networks. A longitudinal case study of the relationships of a Russian company shows that integrated relationships are replacing fragmented ones, that is, relationships which only include either exchange connections or resource use dependence are phased out in favour of relationships which include both these dimensions. This development towards a network of integrated relationships is driven by the pressure of change generated by the incompleteness of fragmented relationships but slowed down by the complexity of multilateral use dependence.
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    Guest editorial International marketing in the Asia-Pacific region (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International marketing review 21 (2004), S. 243-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-1335
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Presents and discusses areas for future research into international marketing in the Asia-Pacific region based on recent trends and gaps in the literature. Continues and develops the themes presented in the first Special Issue on international marketing in the Asia-Pacific region (International Marketing Review, Vol. 20 No. 5).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651330410539594
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    Cracking export markets with genetically modified crops: What is the entry mode strategy? (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International marketing review 21 (2004), S. 536-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-1335
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Public and private policy responses to the introduction of genetically modified (GM) crops have differed across countries and regions, resulting in market fragmentation that is in conflict with the entry mode strategy of standardisation that has dominated the food distribution system for a century. To deal with the new market reality, an alternative entry mode strategy must be established which is capable of segregation - or identity preservation (IP) - of the commodity supply system. A multi-mode strategy is presented that combines the economic transaction cost perspective with the institutional theory perspective. A seemingly paradoxical result emerges: standardisation is the solution to market differentiation. That is, an IP entry mode strategy must first be built on a foundation of standardised norms and protocols, which then makes it easier to target specific entry mode strategies to meet the divergent export market access rules resulting from the differential public policy and private strategies in various countries and regions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651330410547180
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    Strategic flexibility in export expansion: growing through withdrawal (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International marketing review 21 (2004), S. 496-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-1335
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper investigates export market withdrawal as a possible manifestation of strategic flexibility in the export expansion of the firm. A focus on strategic flexibility contributes to current export marketing theory, which fails to explain the dynamic character of export expansion as observed in today's markets. The present study reflects on the strategy process of 12 cases of export market withdrawal to reveal the character of strategic flexibility and its generative mechanisms. If strategic flexibility materialises, it results from the generation of a new strategic option at boundary-spanning middle levels of the organisation, and from political processes through which this alternative option challenges and eventually overtakes the old export strategy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651330410547162
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    Global procurement of service activities by service firms (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International marketing review 21 (2004), S. 615-633 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-1335
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Global procurement of service activities has received an increasing amount of managerial attention in recent years. Service firms seem to have begun sourcing part of their service activities from abroad in much the same way as manufacturing firms have sourced components and finished goods in the past 30 years. However, little is known about the nature of service global sourcing strategy. In this study, we examine the differences in the characteristics of core service activities provided by service firms that market pure service activities versus those service firms that market service activities which involve tangible goods, and the extent to which both types of service firms engage in internal and foreign sourcing of core service activities before the service activities are provided to their customers. The results show, among others, that the level of inseparability of core service activities performed and/or sourced by "pure" service firms is significantly higher than that of "non-pure" service firms and that "non-pure" service firms consider foreign sourcing drivers as much more important factors in influencing the decisions in selecting potential suppliers for core service activities. Managerial and theoretical implications are explored.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651330410568042
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    Moderators of employee reactions to negative feedback (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 19 (2004), S. 6-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: Previous research indicates that unfavorable feedback, even unfavorable feedback provided for developmental purposes only, is not perceived as useful, results in negative reactions and is not associated with a recipient's willingness to change his or her behavior. This study examined the extent to which contextual variables mitigate these unwanted effects of developmental unfavorable feedback. Results indicate that employees are more motivated to improve their job performance based on unfavorable feedback when the feedback source is perceived to be credible, the feedback is of high quality and the feedback is delivered in a considerate manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683940410520637
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    The role of emotional intelligence and personality variables on attitudes toward organisational change (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 19 (2004), S. 88-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: Although the role of organisational characteristics in the change process has been extensively analysed and discussed in the literature, individual characteristics, which are equally crucial for the success of change, have been neglected. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to add a different way of looking and working with organisational change by focusing on individuals' emotions and personality traits. This paper explores how emotional intelligence and the "big five" dimensions of personality can facilitate organisational change at an individual level by exploring the relationship between these attributes and attitudes toward organisational change. The sample consisted of 137 professionals who completed self-report inventories assessing emotional intelligence, personality traits and attitudes towards organisational change. The results confirmed that there is a relationship between personality traits and employees' attitudes toward change. Similarly, the contribution of emotional intelligence to the attitudes to change was found to be significant, indicating the added value of using an emotional intelligence measure above and beyond the effect of personality. The practical implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the phases of a change project.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683940410526082
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    Playing truant within organisations: Informal relationships, work ethics and absenteeism (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 19 (2004), S. 136-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: This study focuses on the relationship between informal relationships, work ethics and (short-time) absenteeism. According to self-categorisation theory, which elaborates on the social identity theory, hypotheses were formulated for the relationship between consensus in work ethics within teams, informal relationships (cohesiveness) and short-term absenteeism. The hypotheses were tested within two Dutch organisations: study 1 concerns a housing corporation (n=53, eight teams), and study 2 concerns a nursing home (n=97, nine teams). As expected, consensus in work ethics and cohesiveness within a team were positively related. Results from multi-level analyses showed as expected, a negative relationship between cohesiveness within a team and short-term absenteeism of employees. Furthermore, an interaction-effect was found in the first study, but not in the second: the more cohesive the team, the stronger the relationships between work ethics and short-term absenteeism. Findings are discussed in terms of recommendations for further research and practical implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683940410526109
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    Toward modeling the predictors of managerial career success: does gender matter? (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 19 (2004), S. 360-385 
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    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: Although research has uncovered important predictors of managerial career success, the causal relationships between these predictors has not been fully explored. Accordingly, we propose and test a model that establishes a link between individual differences, salient career-related beliefs, career enhancing outcomes and managerial career success. Using path analysis, we found that education and career impatience directly affected willingness to relocate and perceived marketability, which in turn led to more promotions offered and greater exposure to powerful networks. Finally, the number of promotions offered directly affected management level, which in turn affected compensation level. With respect to gender differences, we found that beliefs regarding the efficacy of mentoring positively influenced a woman's sense of marketability, and like her male counterpart, exposure to powerful networks. However, we also found that for women managers, unlike men, such exposure did not affect the number of promotions they were offered.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683940410537936
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    A study of the relationship between emotional intelligence and performance in UK call centres (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 19 (2004), S. 442-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: Within business the organisational concept of call centres has developed rapidly. Within the UK the use and development of these centres has grown at a significant rate over the last decade. The economic benefits of this organisational concept have been threatened by the nature of the work and operating environment leading to high levels of attrition with associated recruitment, training and loss of productivity costs. As a result much effort has been focused on recruitment criteria and selection processes. In reviewing the criteria it is clear that many overlap with elements from within the concept of emotional intelligence (EI). This research note reports a study designed to explore the relationship between the EI of call centre agents (using the EIQ measure developed by Dulewicz and Higgs, and ratings of their performance. A sample of 289 agents from three organisations was studied. Results included a strong relationship between overall EI and individual performance, as well as between several EI elements from the model and performance. Furthermore, a relationship between age and performance was established along with a number of gender differences. The practical implications of these findings are discussed along with the study limitations. Further areas for research are identified including differences between agents in reaction and proactive roles and relationships to more direct measures of agent attrition.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683940410537972
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    Satisfaction with performance appraisal systems: A study of role perceptions (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 19 (2004), S. 526-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: This study examines the inter-relationship between a person's role as appraisee and/or appraiser in a performance appraisal system (PAS) and level of satisfaction expressed with the system. It builds on earlier US studies which found that being an appraiser and, therefore, also an appraisee increased a person's satisfaction level compared with those who were appraisees only. Data were gathered from 382 respondents to examine three aspects of organisational justice which are known to influence satisfaction with PASs. The results indicate no intrinsic difference in satisfaction level linked to role in administering a PAS and that the source of satisfaction and/or dissatisfaction with the PAS was not equally attributable to all aspects of organisational justice.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683940410543605
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    Perceptions of team performance: The impact of group composition and task-based cues (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 19 (2004), S. 506-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: The need to integrate men and women more effectively into team roles requires a fuller consideration of the dynamics of work-team diversity and the consequences for both behavior and cognition among team members. Drawing from sociological and psychological perspectives, this study examines the influence of team gender composition and gender-orientation of the task on members' perceptions of their team's performance. The participants for this study included 216 university students (108 men, 108 women) who were randomly assigned to one of three types of gender-mixed teams - male-dominated, female-dominated and balanced-gender work-teams. Teams were required to generate, in a (videotaped) team meeting, a negotiation strategy for two business-related cases. Self-report instruments provided information regarding perceptions of team performance, and expert judges offered objective measures of team performance. The findings of this study offer striking evidence that team gender composition and the gender-orientation of the task, can clearly affect member perceptions of the quality of their team's performance, regardless of the actual performance level achieved.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683940410543597
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    Senior management relationships and trust: an exploratory study (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 19 (2004), S. 571-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: This paper explores the phenomenon of trust in the context of managerial relationships, particularly examining the extent to which trust, or lack of it, drives those relationships. The results of an exploratory study that highlights the significance of trust in this context are reported. The initial part of the paper sets out a relational continuum, extending between different relational types, drawing on theory already established in social psychology. The later sections report the results of the study that supports and extends the practical application of the proposed relationship continuum. Implications regarding the extent to which trust drives the framing and dynamics of different types of relationships, and broader factors that appear to characterise the relational domain of senior management, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683940410551499
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    Trust-building strategies in inter-organizational negotiations (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 19 (2004), S. 640-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: One challenge for multinational organizations is to manage inter-organizational relationships with customers, collaborators, competitors, governments and other important stakeholder organizations. Negotiations can be seen as a process to manage interdependence and conflicts of interests between parties. As a result, negotiation analysis and theory provide a useful framework to analyze dynamics of relationship- and trust-building and hence are increasingly important for the understanding of inter-organizational relationships. This paper explores the set of strategies managers can implement in negotiations to establish relationships based on mutual understanding and trust in order to reach satisfactory agreements and manage inter-organizational dependencies and its associated threats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683940410551534
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    The development of trust and distrust in a merger (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 19 (2004), S. 708-721 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: This paper explores the development and maintenance of trust and distrust in an organization undergoing a merger. Using a longitudinal study we examined the sense-making of retained staff by comparing two sets of in-depth interviews with six survivors and detailed field notes. Four central themes were identified revealing differences between trust and distrust. The themes included: the importance of perceived changes to the psychological contract, organizational justice, reputations of individuals and risk management. By analysing the sense-making the need for congruence between what was done and how it was done was revealed. As distrust grew staff balanced this disequilibrium through their trust in the familiar, however, this finding calls into question the role of rationality as the basis for risk management. We discuss the implications of these findings for the successful management of mergers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683940410559392
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    Time and strategy: towards a multitemporal view of the firm (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 19 (2004), S. 776-794 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Psychology , Economics
    Notes: This paper takes into consideration the main views underlying the theory of the resource based firm within strategy studies, underscoring their fundamental monotemporal nature and proposing a way to elaborate a multi-temporal view of the firm. By analyzing the link between the time concepts used as bases for the formulation of studies within the strategy field and the types of actor behavior implicitly (or explicitly) entailed by such time concepts, the paper shows the inadequacy of any one of the two monotemporal views of the resource-based firm to encompass all of the main actor behaviors on which the firm's survival and success increasingly rests. The paper draws on the Austrian process view in economic studies to formulate a methodological framework which consents the elaboration of a multi-temporal view of the resource based firm, in which different time concepts are bridged and in which all main actor behaviors crucial for prolonged firm success are encompassed. Finally, the paper shows how the multi-temporal view of the firm consents with the re-interpretation and maintenance of both the static and the dynamic concepts elaborated within the strategy literature and, eventually, also expands the causal relationships between strategic management and a number of other areas of inquiry in the management field, such as time-space relationships, the relationship between strategy and entrepreneurship, and the relationship between the former and the evolutionary perspective.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683940410568257
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    Not walls, windows: capturing value in the digital age (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    The @journal of business strategy 25 (2004), S. 15-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-6668
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Much of strategy has been about defense, building the largest castle with the thickest walls to defend position, and tying down the customer with switching costs, standards, and transaction costs. The digital age changed that, making ineffective the usual competitive advantages of size and scope, infrastructure, and the former capabilities. The metaphor has moved from walls to windows: for transparency, fresh air, connection, and some protection from the harsher elements. A proactive windows strategy assembles scale and scope collaboratively, creates relationships that make switching unattractive, develops intangible resources all along the value chain, and builds co-specialized capabilities. Illustrative examples come from three companies that have thrived in the digital age: eBay (a new company and industry), Lending Tree (new in an old industry), and Charles Schwab (old in an old industry).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02756660410536964
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    Instant gratification or long-term value? A lesson in enhancing shareholder wealth (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    The @journal of business strategy 25 (2004), S. 10-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-6668
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: CFOs are under increased scrutiny and many companies have consequently become shortsighted, focusing on quarterly results at the expense of the big strategic picture. This approach is wrought with irony, as it inadvertently promotes practices that undermine the very thing companies are striving to achieve: the creation of long-term shareholder value. The solution lies in a hybrid approach, focusing on both short-term and long-term results. Winning companies not only articulate long-term strategies but also develop detailed implementation plans that are quite literally roadmaps to success. These roadmaps are typically marked with short-term milestones aligned with the longer-term direction - the short-term targets serving as clarion calls that signal deviations from the roadmap. The challenge is complex, as CFOs (and, of course, CEOs) must truly understand market expectations, know what drives the stock price, and determine what role they can play to influence value in a positive way. It all hinges on some tough questions, including: can companies really manage the value of their business and, ultimately, tie it back to their stock price? and can they align the actions of an entire organization with the objectives of its owners and providers of capital? Indeed, many companies are implementing strategies aimed at creating increased value for investors. Sustainable value creation requires strategy, capability, information, decisions and actions to be aligned and focused on the key drivers of value for an organization. This is what will generate sources of competitive advantage over time.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02756660410547340
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    White knight wanted: what to expect from restructuring consultants (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    The @journal of business strategy 25 (2004), S. 31-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-6668
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Saving a company from bankruptcy may require the help of crisis consultants who have experience stabilizing organizations. Companies have a better chance of survival if they seek outside guidance at the first sign of financial difficulty. While a cash flow crisis may be the most obvious sign of trouble, it is usually not the cause but the effect of earlier difficulties such as pricing issues, lack of market penetration or lack of direction from management. Based on a case study of MicroNet, a high-technology company, this article shows how turnaround experts can save a company that is on the brink of bankruptcy by applying creativity and problem-solving skills. In the case of MicroNet, the crisis consultants' actions included: stabilizing cash flow; reestablishing credibility with the lender; stabilizing product sales; refocusing on product development to affect the immediate operating horizon; organizing unsecured creditors; creating trust between vendors and MicroNet; and locating a strategic buyer. Turnaround requires immediate, aggressive and often painful actions in three areas: turnaround business, value creation and merchant banking. The principles outlined apply to companies of any size and in any industry.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02756660410547377
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    The corrosion of IT advantage: strategy makes a comeback (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    The @journal of business strategy 25 (2004), S. 10-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-6668
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: When a valuable new technology emerges, it provides forward-looking companies with opportunities for gaining a strong and durable edge over the competition. But as the technology matures and standardizes, it loses its power to provide competitive advantage. What it doesn't lose is its power to destroy advantage. The rail system, for example, neutralized many of the traditional locational advantages held by companies situated near ports, mine heads, and population centers. With information technology, this neutralizing effect promises to be particularly strong - and thus poses particularly difficult challenges for business executives. Because IT is so flexible in its application and so deeply entwined with business processes, it can corrode advantages across many aspects of a company's business. Any traditional advantage in prosecuting a particular activity or process, from setting type to designing components to providing customer service, will tend to dissipate as that activity or process is automated. The fact that competitive advantage has become more difficult to sustain doesn't make it less important, as some have argued; it makes it more important. As business processes and systems become more homogeneous, only the strategically astute companies will be able to rise above the competitive free-for-all. Today's smart managers will seek to combine sustainable advantages (those built on distinctive and defensible positionings) with leverageable advantages (transitory advantages that provide stepping stones to future advantages). In the information age, competitive advantage needs to be viewed as both an end and a means.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02756660410699838
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    Business model innovation breakthrough moves (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    The @journal of business strategy 25 (2004), S. 16-26 
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    ISSN: 0275-6668
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: While there are multiple breakthrough moves a company can adapt for business model innovation, leaders need to focus more on improving their skills in this area, for example by paying more attention to innovations in other industries. The potential to add business model innovation breakthroughs in a particular company is often largely untapped, but companies that make this activity a priority will gain large, sustained advantages over competitors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02756660410515976
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    Does small and mature have to mean dull? Defying the ho-hum at SMEs (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    The @journal of business strategy 25 (2004), S. 27-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-6668
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Even though most SMEs operate in established industries, managers of these firms are not impervious to the fast-moving changes in today's business world. The author undertook a survey of SMEs to learn more about how they approached innovation. He found that, for innovation to pay off and become real, it must be nurtured and developed through top management commitment, the attention of smart and dedicated people, and tight integration between innovators and the firm's strategic management.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02756660410515985
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