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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 83 (1985), S. 5182-5191 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Rayleigh–Schrödinger multiple perturbation theory is presented in a general formulation useful for energy evaluations beyond the Hartree–Fock level. This theory allows one to computationally take advantage of the structure of the basis set. For example, three- and four-center-like integrals appearing in the second quantized form of the Hamiltonian may be treated as higher order perturbations. Explicit formulas for the wave function to second order and energy to fourth order are also diagrammatically derived. As examples the theory is applied to aromatic cyclic polyenes within the PPP approximation. A perturbation sequence is defined by the magnitude of the integrals. Within this model errors of less than 1 kcal/mol can be obtained even while neglecting 50% of the integrals up to fourth order. Preliminary studies with ab initio calculations show that even a greater percentage of two electron integrals can be neglected with little loss of accuracy when using this scheme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers
    Financial accountability and management 16 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Set in the context of New Public Management (NPM), this paper uses two NHS Pathology departments to provide a clearer picture of what reforms have really achieved. Contrasting illustrations of management processes, entrepreneurialism and accounting practices are provided in the case studies. The paper seeks to explain these differences and concludes that the impact of NPM, in terms of entrepreneurial management and accounting practices, is not just contingent upon the type of activity undertaken but also upon the ‘antecedent conditions of possibility’ embedded therein and the personality and competence of individuals managing front line change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 25 (2004), S. 279-291 
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Adapting the research methodology and framework utilised by Communal and Senior, this paper analyses messages conveyed by advertisements for senior management positions in the Irish national press with a view to discerning if there are sectoral differences in management cultures in Ireland. Following the literature review and presentation of the research methodology, a report on the overall findings of the data collected is presented. A qualitative comparison of messages about management cultures in the private, public and non-government organisation sector is presented. In some cases, quantitative data are employed to enhance the findings. Distinct messages about differing management cultures on a sectoral basis are uncovered throughout the research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 27 (2005), S. 289-306 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore a number of issues pertaining to the conceptualisation, operationalisation, feasibility and effectiveness of workplace partnership arrangements in a non-unionised setting. Design/methodology/approach - The paper discusses the most common definitions of partnership to discern whether scope exists for non-unionised forms. It then presents a detailed case study, based on 38 semi-structured interviews with 29 interviewees, inside a non-unionised company to analyse whether its people management arrangements conform with the definitions presented, and to examine the employees' experience of those arrangements. Findings - The paper notes that most partnership definitions can accommodate non-unionised forms, if the arrangements for people management inside such firms meet certain standards on employee voice mechanisms and the exchange of mutual gains. The evidence from the case study suggests that its unusual policies and practices do conform with a viable model of non-unionised partnership - albeit with some reservations. The benefits and concerns are discussed in the paper. Research implications/limitations - The paper presents a credible definition and observable operationalisation of partnership for researchers to adopt. It encourages future research on the extent to which so-called "partnership" organisations, including non-union enterprises, comply and suggests comparative research between paired unionised and non-unionised cases. However, it is limited to one case study. Originality/value - The paper's primary value is in its extension of the partnership debate beyond its current "union-only ghetto" into examining non-unionised forms, as well. The case study is also unique in the literature as an example of non-unionised partnership.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Accounting, auditing & accountability journal 9 (1996), S. 8-30 
    ISSN: 0951-3574
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Reports on the uncovering of a small-firm reality where the self-gratifying behaviour of the owner/manager threatens the survival of the organization. Takes a "middle-range thinking" approach to mould ethnographic data, and demonstrates and develops, via a case study, models of change within organizations. Identifies the importance of power in such change-resistant contexts, and draws conclusions from the work which suggest that in such contexts "second order" change is unlikely to be achieved and only "pseudo-colonization" can be sustained in the long term. It is the authors' view that this context is a common one and is worthy of further research since there may be far-reaching implications for a whole range of stakeholders associated with such an organization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 10 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Numerous studies of the growth of phytoplankton in the laboratory have demonstrated the dependence of cellular pigment concentration and growth rate upon light intensity, photoperiod, temperature, and nutrient supply. These same environmental parameters vary with season in the polar seas and presumably affect the growth rate and cellular pigment concentration of the phytoplankton crop. Unfortunately, there has not been a complete mathematical description of the interaction of all four environmental parameters. This study presents an approach to describing these interactions.It can reasonably be assumed that the gross specific growth rate, g, is a function of the specific rate of light absorption: 〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="mu1" numbered="no"〉〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:08000395:POR163:POR_163_mu1"/〉 The dependent variables in this equation are g, the gross specific growth rate, Π, the maximum carbon-specific photosynthetic rate, and, θ, the ratio of carbon to chlorophyll. The value of all three dependent variables is constrained. The independent variables are Eθ, the light intensity (assumed constant during the photoperiod), and Γ, the photoperiod (as a fraction of 24 hours) that the cells are illuminated, Π is the instantaneous capacity of the dark reactions to assimilate electrons, while the product apφmax Eθ/θ is the instantaneous capacity of the light reactions to supply electrons. If the capacity for photochemistry exceeds the capacity for assimilation, dissipative processes occur, and the quantum yield is low.We have applied this equation to the analysis of the growth and light absorption by Skeletonema costatum cultured under light, temperature, and nutrient limitation. Decreases in nutrient supply and temperature cause decreases in Π and increases in θ; thus both the capacity for electron supply and utilisation decrease. However, decreases in temperature decrease the capacity for electron assimilation more rapidly than the capacity for supply; quantum yield drops. Decreases in nutrient supply cause the capacity for supply and assimilation to drop in parallel; quantum yeield is maintained. Decreases in day length cause decreases in θ and increases in Π. The capacity to assimilate electrons and the capacity to supply electrons increase in parallel; quantum yield is maintained. Decreases in light intensity cause decreases in both θ and the capacity to supply electrons. Although the changes in Π with light intensity arc difficult to assess, the capacity to assimilate electrons appears to be little changed by light limitation. Quantum yields increase with decreasing light levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 402 (1999), S. 372-372 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It has been proposed that widespread deficits of nitrate in the ocean, like those observed today, are caused by iron limitation of marine nitrogen fixation. That is, only when iron is sufficiently abundant to satiate nitrogen fixers will the ratio of nitrate to phosphate in the ocean increase ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 392 (1998), S. 585-589 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Photosynthesis of Antarctic phytoplankton is inhibited by ambient ultraviolet (UV) radiation during incubations, and the inhibition is worse in regions beneath the Antarctic ozone ‘hole’. But to evaluate such effects, experimental results on, and existing models of, photosynthesis ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 6 (1914), S. 581-582 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 7 (1915), S. 40-41 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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