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  • Other Sources  (189)
  • Elsevier  (75)
  • Institut für Meereskunde  (70)
  • Air Force Geophysics Laboratory  (44)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • MDPI Publishing
  • 1985-1989  (189)
Collection
Source
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Stress Analysis by Boundary Element Methods (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 3, pp. 6322, (ISBN 0-521-79203-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Textbook of physics ; Textbook of geophysics ; Stress ; Boundary Element Method
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Induction Logging (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, 652 pp., Elsevier, vol. 39, no. XVI:, pp. 227-235, (0-444-51955-6)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Borehole geophys. ; Textbook of geophysics ; Dual Induction Latero log
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Application of Fracture Mechanics to Composite Materials (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 6, no. 16, pp. 220, (ISBN: 3540148477)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Fracture ; Rock mechanics ; Elasticity
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    Gravity and Low-Frequency Geodynamics (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 65, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 95-104, (ISBN: 0-08-044051-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain)
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 5
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    Surface wave ray tracing and MS: Yield determination in a laterally heterogeneous earth (1989)
    Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
    In:  Technical Report, Hannover, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, vol. 10, no. AFGL-TR-89-0065, pp. 1407-1409, (ISBN 0 08 042822 3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion ; Surface waves ; Magnitude ; Ray seismics ; Ray tracing ; Energy (of earthquakes) ; Inhomogeneity
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 6
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    Elastic Wave Field Extrapolation. Redatuming of Single- and Multi-Component Seismic Data (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-40, (ISBN 3-7643-6675-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Applied geophysics ; Data analysis / ~ processing
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 7
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    Papers presented at the 11th Annual DARPA/AFGL Seismic Research Symposium (1989)
    Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
    In:  Hanscom AFB, Mass., Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, vol. Hanscom AFB, Mass., (ISBN 0-521-81734-X)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 8
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    Analysis of teleseismic P wave amplitude and coda variations for underground explosions (1989)
    Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
    In:  Technical Report, Hamburg, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. AFGL-TR-89-0008, pp. 371-377, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion ; Amplitude ; Seismology ; Teleseismic events ; P-waves ; Coda (waves, ~ of seismograms)
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 9
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    Nonlinear attenuation mechanisms in salt at moderate strain based on Salmon data (1989)
    Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
    In:  Technical Report, Tsukuba, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. AFGL-TR-89-0013, pp. 1404-1406, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion ; Attenuation ; Non-linear effects
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 10
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    Calculation of source and structural parameters at regional and teleseismic distances (1989)
    Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
    In:  Technical Report, Universität Stuttgart, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. AFGL-TR-87-0066, pp. 321-324, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion ; Source ; Teleseismic events
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 11
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    Effects of a descending lithospheric slab on yield estimates of underground nuclear tests (1989)
    Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
    In:  Technical Report, San Francisco, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, vol. 10, no. AFGL-TR-89-0085, pp. 5989-5994
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: Seismology ; Nuclear explosion ; Subduction zone ; Energy (of earthquakes)
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 12
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    The influence on catch of monofilament and multifilament netting in otter prawn trawls (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Fisheries Research, 8 (1). pp. 35-44.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-10
    Description: In Moreton Bay, Queensland, the catch obtained using monofilament polyamide (PA) otter trawl-nets with multifilament polyethylene (PE) cod ends was compared with that obtained using multifilament PE trawl-nets of identical mesh opening (38 mm). Monofilament PA otter trawl-nets retained fewer small prawns ( 〈 24 mm carapace length) than conventional multifilament PE nets, but both nets caught similar quantities of larger prawns ( 〉 24 mm carapace length). The higher retention rate of small prawns by multifilament PE gear was reflected in the greater catch weights of Peraeus plebejus, Metapenaeus bennettae and Metapenaeopsis novaeguineae in those nets. Catch weights of larger prawn species such as Penaeus esculentus and Metapenaeus endeavouri did not differ between nets. Winter whiting (Sillago maculata) and squid (Loligo spp.) were trawled in similar abundance in both nets, although the monofilament retained fewer squid 〈 50 mm mantle length. More marketable ( 〉 15 cm carapace width) sand crabs (Portunus pelagicus) were caught in the monofilament net. There was not significant difference in the trash (noncommercial component) weight caught in both nets. Over the range of towing speeds tested (1.7–2.3 kn), use of monofilament nets significantly reduced total gear drag.
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  • 13
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    Glaciomarine sedimentation in epicontinental seas exemplified by the northern Barents Sea (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 85 (2-4). pp. 225-250.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-02
    Description: Sediments on high Arctic shelves result from modern processes and the effect of former glaciations. Based on data from the northern Barents Sea, an area with input from large and numerous surging glaciers, we define two principal zones with different environmental regimes and corresponding sedimentary facies: (1) a glacier-proximal zone influenced by grounding-line processes and the immediately adjacent areas affected by glacial sediment input, and (2) a glacier-distal, sea-ice and current-controlled zone, which also includes a wide sediment-starved region dominated by biogenic carbonate accumulation. Characteristic of the glacier-proximal zone are glacial surges which affect sedimentation rates and leave a diagnostic pattern of sea-floor morphologies. Extensive ice gouging causes a homogeneous sediment texture. In the glacier-distal zone, fine-grained mud supplied from sea ice and infrequent coarser material deposited from icebergs is reworked by modern oceanographic processes. On shallow banks, in 30–50 m of water, carbonates accumulate from a prolific bottom fauna formed in response to extensive reworking and nutrient supply.
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  • 14
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    Late quaternary spatial and temporal changes in clay- and silt-size mineral assemblages of fiord and shelf cores, western Baffin Bay, northwest North Atlantic (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Continental Shelf Research, 9 (5). pp. 445-463.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-08
    Description: Clay- and silt-size mineral assemblages are described from eight piston cores from the fiords and shelf on the western margin of Baffin Bay, Arctic Canada. Radiocarbon dates indicate that all the cores extend back in time to the last local glacial/interglacial transition (i.e. 8–10 ka); four extend back to between 10 and 12 ka, and HU77-021-156, located on the Southeast Baffin Island shelf, includes the entire late Foxe glacial stage. Silt- and clay-size particles constitute ca 40 and 55%, respectively, by weight of the bulk sediment. The clay-size fraction is dominated by mica; feldspars and quartz are the main constituents of the silt fraction. The fiord sediments are mainly composed of local mineralogies, but on the shelf, and at times in the fiords, exotic mineral species occur. The most important of these are detrital carbonates, derived from erosion of the Paleozoic basins in Arctic Canada and/or northwest Greenland. Both calcite and dolomite occur; calcite is the major carbonate mineral in the “southern” cores, whereas dolomite is the most abundant in cores north of 66°N. Higher inputs of carbonate species occur during regional deglaciation, 7–10 ka, and during the last 5 ka (probably reflecting increased iceberg production from northwest Greenland). Thus variations in the precentages of the carbonate minerals indicate significant shifts in Late Quaternary glacial-sediment source areas and oceanographic regimes.
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  • 15
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    Ostracod faunas and water masses across the continental margin off southwestern Africa (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 87 (2-4). pp. 323-328.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-11
    Description: Changes in composition of modern benthic ostracod faunas across the continental margin of southwestern Africa occur at boundaries between and within major water masses: a Mixed Layer-Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) boundary at 200 m, an AAIW salinity minimum zone at 650 m, an AAIW bathyal thermocline at 1000 m, and the AAIW/North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) boundary at 1500 m. In addition, two population changes occur within the NADW at 1.8–2.0 km and 2.0–3.0 km. The Antarctic Bottom Water assemblage is sparse and poorly preserved.
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  • 16
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    Turbulent momentum and salt transport in the mixing zone of the Elbe estuary (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 28 (6). pp. 615-638.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-04
    Description: Measurements in the mixing zone of the Elbe estuary were performed during three consecutive tidal cycles with three types of instruments—a moored tripod with velocity and temperature/conductivity/light attenuation sensors, a profiling sonde with similar sensors lowered from an anchored vessel, and instrumented moorings. Acoustic-travel-time sensors were used for velocity measurements. Spectral analysis of 12·8 min pieces of the obtained time series gives results that are consistent with isotropic turbulence for part of the frequency space. Temporal changes of turbulent kinetic energy are correlated with tidal current velocity. A retardation is found between changes in tidal current and turbulent energy. Not all shear stress terms are in similar phase with tidal flow. Mean gradients, Reynolds stress terms, and turbulent salt flux terms are combined to determine eddy viscosity and eddy diffusion coefficients.
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  • 17
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    A comparison of acoustic and rock-magnetic properties of equatorial Atlantic deep-sea sediments: paleoceanographic implications (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 94 (3-4). pp. 291-300.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-02
    Description: Compressional-wave (P-wave) velocities and magnetic susceptibilities were measured on gravity (GGC) and piston cores (PC) and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 108 advanced piston cores (APC) from the equatorial Atlantic to test our hypothesis that climatically driven changes in terrigenous and biogenic fluxes, and in carbonate dissolution control the interrelationships between the two signals. In Pleistocene sediments deposited above the calcium compensation depth (CCD) we observed changes in P-wave velocity and magnetic susceptibility that are (1) inversely correlated, and (2) coherent to changes in glacial-interglacial climate. Glacials show low P-wave velocities and relatively high magnetic susceptibilities. In contrast, interglacials show high P-wave velocities and relatively low magnetic susceptibilities. These temporal changes in P-wave velocity and magnetic susceptibility reflect the climatic history recorded in the sediments and are related to: (1) the production of biogenic carbonate, mainly planktonic foraminifera, and (2) the terrigenous sediment supply that contains magnetic minerals. Below the CCD this pattern disappears and consistently low P-wave velocities and distinctly higher magnetic susceptibilities prevail. The distinct decrease of large P-wave velocity fluctuations is due to the dissolution of carbonate sediments which cause a distinct decrease in sand grain sizes and a consistently low carbonate content (〈 10%). Dilution of magnetic material by the carbonate fraction is minor and the high magnetic susceptibility values and the relatively high amplitude variations in magnetic susceptibility are due to changes in the magnetic mineral concentration of the terrigenous (non-carbonate) fraction. In early Pliocene sediments we also observed covarying velocity and magnetic susceptibility signals that may reflect a predominatly terrigenous control on sedimentation. Our preliminary results demonstrate that a combined use of non-destructive measurements of acoustic and rock-magnetic signals provides a potential paleoceanographic tool for characterizing: (1) glacial-interglacial pelagic sedimentation, (2) pelagic sedimentation above the CCD, (3) increases in carbonate dissolution, and (4) areas below the CCD. Furthermore, rock magnetic fluctuations in sediments below the CCD may provide an important stratigraphic tool for the deep carbonate-free basins of the world's oceans.
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  • 18
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    Design and function of closed seawater systems for culturing loliginid squids (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Aquacultural Engineering, 8 (1). pp. 47-65.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-11
    Description: The life cycle of loliginid squids has been completed in recirculating seawater systems. Two systems were required: a 2 m diameter circular culture tank (CT) with adjoining 2 m circular filter tank (3000 liters total volume of natural seawater) for culture of hatchlings, 1–60 days old; and a 6 × 2·6 × 1 m raceway culture tank (RW) with a smaller adjoining rectangular filter tank (14 850 liters total volume of artificial seawater) for the grow-out of adults. Both systems were equipped with temperature control apparatus, modular filter units (particle filters and activated carbon), foam fractionators, biological filters (crushed oyster shell) and UV sterilizers. The systems carried low bioloads, 〈 1·0 g/m3 and as high as 0·8 kg/m3, respectively. Water quality was excellent: NH4N was below 0·01 mg/liter in the CT and 0·10 mg/liter in the RW: NO2N was below 0·01 mg/liter in the CT and 0·03 mg/liter in the RW; NO3N was below 12 mg/liter in the CT and below 50 mg/liter in the RW; and pH was above 8·0 in both systems. The design of the systems proved to be behaviorally and physiologically suitable for squids and two species grew to adult size and produced viable young. These systems are compared to other squid maintenance and rearing systems and marine recirculating seawater systems.
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  • 19
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    Didemnin B: Comparative study and conformational approach in solution (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Tetrahedron, 45 (1). pp. 181-190.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-13
    Description: A comparative study of isodideimnine-1 and didemnin B is presented using spcctroecopic methods, partial degradation and partial synthesis. This leads to the conclusion of the presence of a single depsipeptide, namely didemnin B, with (3S,4R,5S) isostatine instead of the previous statine residue. An attempt to determine the whole conformation in solution of didemnin B by using 2D-NMR is also described.
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  • 20
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    The crustal structure along the POLAR Profile from seismic refraction investigations (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Tectonophysics, 162 (1-2). pp. 51-85.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-06
    Description: Seismic refraction investigations along a 440-km long profije on the northern Baltic Shield have resolved the crustal structure in this area of Archaean to Early Proterozoic lithosphere formation. The profile, called the POLAR Profile, extends approximately along a SW-NE-oriented line from the Karelian Province in northern Finland across the Lapland Granulite Belt and the Kola Peninsula Province to the Varanger Peninsula in northeastern Norway. At six shotpoints, large explosions (200–1680 kg), and at three shotpoints, small explosions (80 kg) were detonated and recorded at an average station spacing of 2 km, providing high-quality record sections. A two-dimensional cross section of the crust was obtained by forward modelling using ray-tracing techniques. High-velocity bodies are found in the upper crust related to the Karasjok-Kittilä Greenstone Belt and the Lapland Granulite Belt. They extend to a depth of 6–13 km. In the Karelian Province in the southwest, a low-velocity zone was found between the depths of 8 and 14 km. The middle crust shows a slight increase in the average velocities from the southwest to the northeast, and a small velocity jump is found along a mid-crustal boundary between 18 and 21 km. The thickness of the middle crust varies between 16 and 18 km. The lower crust and the crust-mantle boundary (Moho) show considerable lateral variation. The top of the lower crust lies between 26 and 33 km, while its thickness decreases from 21 km in the southwest to 10–14 km beneath the Lapland Granulite Belt and the Inari Terrain, reaching 20 km again in the extreme northeast. The velocities also change laterally. The thin lower crust is characterized by rather low velocities (6.8–6.9 km/s), whereas in the southwest and northeast the velocities (6.9–7.3 km/s) resemble more typical shield structures. The Moho is found at 47 km in the Karelian Province, rises to 40 km beneath the Lapland Granulite Belt and descends to 46 km in the northeastern part of the Kola Peninsula Province. The upper mantle velocities at the Moho range from 8.1 km/s in the region of the thin crust, to 8.5 km/s and more beneath the Karelian Province. It is tempting to suggest that the anomalous lower crust underlying the Lapland Granulite Belt and the Inari Terrain may represent the remnants of an Early Proterozoic back-arc basin that was active prior to the 2.0 to 1.9 Ga plate convergence event, during which the Lapland Granulite Belt was thrust onto the Archaean basement of the Karelian Province. Another explanation is to assume that the velocity reduction in the anomalous lower crust was caused by a rather pronounced uplift of this region following the 1.9-Ga collision event.
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  • 21
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    Subduction-induced pore fluid venting and the formation of authigenic carbonates along the cascadia continental margin: Implications for the global Ca-cycle (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 71 (1-2). pp. 97-118.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-06
    Description: Pore fluid venting associated with subduction-induced sediment deformation causes precipitation of calcium carbonate as prominent carbonate chimneys or cement in the accreted sediments across the active continental margin off Oregon and Washington. A depletion of interstitial Ca2+ with a maximum decrease of 50% relative to seawater Ca2+ over only 1.5m depth and reduction in porosity in the deformed sediments suggest that interstitial Ca2+ is removed to form calcium carbonate cement. In contrast, the pore waters of the undeformed abyssal plain sediments show no depletion in dissolved Ca2+. They are either enriched to a maximum of 5% or show no change in dissolved Ca2+. Here the background level of CaCO3 content in the sediment is only 0.1 to 1%. Calcium carbonate precipitation in the deformed sediments probably occurs as the result of upward migration and oxidation of biogenic methane and of the increase in carbonate saturation due to release of excess pore pressure during fluid venting. Upward advection of fluids at rates of 1–28 cm y−1 is predicted from diffusion-advection-reaction models applied to the downcore concentration profiles of dissolved Ca2+ and NH4+ in the tectonically-deformed sediments. The range of predicted flow rates is related to the type of calcium carbonate lithification; i.e. slow rates generate cement and fast rates generate chimneys. Carbonate mineral precipitation associated with pore fluid venting requires direct transfer of Ca2+ from the oceanic basement to the accretionary complex. Such a mechanism leads us to propose that the accretionary complexes of the global plate subduction zones are a major sink for crustal Ca2+. A global flux of crustal Ca2+ that is removed by carbonate mineral precipitation may be as muc3 as the hydrothermal Ca-input. This significant Ca-flux, not previously considered in the global geochemical budget, implies that pore fluid venting in subduction zones may also act as a global sink or source for other elements.
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  • 22
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    Cretaceous ocean crust at DSDP Sites 417 and 418: Carbon uptake from weathering versus loss by magmatic outgassing (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 53 (11). pp. 3091-3094.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-10
    Description: Ocean crustal carbon uptake during seafloor alteration at DSDP Sites 417A, 417D, and 418A exceeds the estimated loss of carbon during magmatic ridge outgassing. If these sites are representative for oceanic crust in general, 2.2–2.9 × 1012 moles of carbon are removed from the oceans per year as a net flux of carbon between the oceanic crust and seawater. Although most of this carbon occurs as calcium carbonate, this ocean crustal carbonate probably cannot be considered part of the marine calcium carbonate sink since much of the Ca in these carbonates must be derived from basalt alteration that is not balanced by a concomitant uptake of seawater Mg. Our present estimate cannot be satisfactorily applied to global carbon budgets, because of uncertainties in the bulk budget of ocean floor alteration and because of the uniqueness of our estimate. Yet, our data document that the formation of ocean crust provides a significant sink for carbon that should be included in models of the global cycling of carbon. Furthermore, magmatic outgassing during ocean crust emplacement and seafloor basalt alteration may provide a buffering mechanism for atmospheric carbon.
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  • 23
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    Tectonic erosion at the front of the Japan Trench convergent margin (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Tectonophysics, 160 (1-4). pp. 75-90.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-13
    Description: The imaging of a multichannel seismic record was improved by reprocessing using pre-stack techniques. The reprocessed record shows structures that indicate tectonic erosion and gravity collapse at the front of the Japan Trench margin. Much of the lower slope appears to be underlain by a detached, coherent block of continental crust. The lower slope has failed by mass wasting and the resulting apron of slump debris at the base of the slope has become involved in thrust faulting at the front of the subduction zone. Slumping continues as long as debris is removed from the front of the margin by subduction, and the apron cannot build up sufficiently to stabilize the failing lower slope. Truncated beds at the base of the upper plate indicate subcrustal erosion as well, this probably being the main cause of massive subsidence of the margin. Subsidence was the cause of oversteepening, destabilization and subsequent gravity collapse of the leading edge of the upper plate.
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  • 24
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    Subglacial meltwater discharge in the open-marine tidewater glacier environment: Observations from Nordaustlandet, Svalbard Archipelago (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 86 (4). pp. 265-281.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-06
    Description: The ice-proximal environment of the Nordaustlandet tidewater ice cap, Svalbard Archipelago, is one of the best analogues for understanding glacial geologic processes of northern continental shelves during initial Pleistocene deglaciation. Investigations of the proglacial region in 1980–1983 showed that the sedimentary environment is dominated by numerous meltwater outflows which discharge sediment-laden water from subglacial meltwater streams during the summer. Two large, stable meltwater outflows were observed in embayments along the southern part of the ice front. Landsat images show that both outflows have been in approximately the same position since at least 1976. They are located at the intersection of glacial drainage basins and centered over depressions in the underlying bedrock. An “outflow valley” extending away from the ice front was observed in front of the western meltwater outflow. Sidescan sonar profiling along the glacier front showed a 200 m wide gap in acoustic reflection at the base of the western meltwater outflow, probably caused by meltwater effluence. Enhanced sediment accumulations in this region, observed as a ≈ 3 ms sediment drape in front of the outflow, and large arcuate ridges in the outflow valley, testify to the transport efficiency of the subglacial meltwater stream. Several mounds, up to about 25 m high and 200 m wide, are observed on sidescan and 3.5 kHz profiles directly in front of the outflow. Although samples from these structures are absent, they are most likely composed of sediment and are similar to beaded eskers observed in Pleistocene glacimarine sequences indicating locally very high sedimentation rates. Fine-grained components of the subglacial discharge incorporated in the buoyant meltwater plume are usually entrained in a westerly coastal current. Elevated suspended particulate material concentrations are observed within the coastal waters in a region extending about 15 km perpendicular to the glacier front and at least 60 km along the ice front extending into the northwestern Barents Sea.
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  • 25
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    Recent Studies on Spawning, Embryonic Development, and Hatching in the Cephalopoda (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Advances in Marine Biology, 25 . pp. 85-115.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-19
    Description: Cephalopods are exclusively marine molluscs and should be included among the organisms that are of general interest to marine biologists. As to experimental embryology, Naef has already stressed the suitability of cephalopod embryos for experimental work. The whole body of information accumulated in this field during the past half century since Naef published his monograph was reviewed by Marthy. This field of research is clearly underrated by many developmental biologists who could profit by the topological simplicity of the blastulation pattern in cephalopods, which contrasts with the spiralian mode of other molluscs. Questions raised by comparative/evolutionary embryology, following the tradition of descriptive developmental morphology, are truly stimulating to the field of experimental embryology, and vice versa. However, experimental studies are generally possible with only a limited number of models, which, in the case of cephalopods, appear to be embryos of medium to small size. On the other hand, some of the most intriguing questions in cephalopod biology are related to those forms that produce eggs of extremely large size. This chapter gives a brief overview of these recent studies placing them in the chronological sequence of embryogenesis. Studies covering early stages of embryonic development as well as later ones will be cited at least once in the section dealing with the earliest stage considered. Most of these investigations ultimately rest on the basic work by Naef.
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  • 26
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    Sedimentary facies of glacial-interglacial cycles in the Norwegian Sea during the last 350 ka (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 86 (4). pp. 283-319.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-06
    Description: Sediment fluxes were highest in the Norwegian Sea during late glacial/early deglacial periods, i.e., at oxygen isotope transition 43, below transition 65, at various levels within stage 6, and below stage 9. Dark diamictons deposited at these times reflect intense iceberg rafting in surface waters fed by surges along the front of the marine-based parts of the continental ice sheets in the southeastern sector of the Norwegian Sea. The high organic carbon content (0.5–1.3%) in these layers reflects input from erosion of terrigenious matter-rich sediments outcropping on the shelves. Partial oxidation of organic matter and decreased deep-water renewal may explain the strong carbonate dissolution observed during these periods. Interglacial environments were strongly variable throughout the last 350 ka. Circulation patterns of stage 5e best resemble modern conditions, while stage 7 and 9 sediments record a much weaker Norwegian Current.
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  • 27
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    Biochemical genetic studies on the Patagonian squid Loligo gahi d'Orbigny. I. Electrophoretic survey of genetic variability (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 126 (3). pp. 231-241.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-29
    Description: 19 samples (1189 individuals) of the commercially fished Patagonian squid Loligo gahi d'Orbigny were collected from Falkland waters between March 1987 and April 1988 and subjected to starch gel electrophoresis. 41 enzyme-coding loci were screened for polymorphism. Clearly resolved enzyme phenotypes were obtained at 21 loci of which six exhibited polymorphism (glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, GOT-II, E.C. 2.6.1.1.; α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, α-GPDH, E.G. 1.1.1.8; isocitrate dehydrogenase, ICD, E.C. 1.1.1.42; malate dehydrogenase, MDH-II, E.G. 1.1.1.37; phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, PGD, E.C. 1.1.1.44; and phosphoglucose mutase, PGM, E.G. 2.7.5.1). Routine scoring at the 21 loci revealed moderate levels of genetic variability, with the proportion of polymorphic loci, P = 0.273, mean heterozygosities per locus = 0.0693, and the effective number of alleles, Ne, with values of 1.13–1.83.
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  • 28
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    Biochemical genetic studies on the Patagonian squid Loligo gahi d'Orbigny. II. Population structure in Falkland waters using isozymes, morphometrics and life history data (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 126 (3). pp. 243-258.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-29
    Description: Genetic population structure of the commercially fished Patagonian squid Loligo gahi d'Orbigny was examined by collecting 19 samples (1189 individuals) from Falkland waters between March 1987 and April 1988 and subjecting individuals to electrophoretic and morphometric analysis. Morphological features (dorsal mantle length, fin length oblique, fin width, interorbital width, tentacle length, length of arms I and II, and mid-mantle circumference), sex and stage of reproductive maturity (Lipinski's universal scale) were recorded prior to electrophoresis. Analyses of allele frequencies at six polymorphic loci provided no evidence of stock separation, and the frequency distribution of genotypic classes almost exclusively fitted Hardy-Weinberg expectations for a randomly interbreeding population. Nei's mean genetic distances and identities between samples ranged from 0.000–0.002 and 0.997–1.00, respectively, supporting the contention of a genetically homogeneous breeding unit. Multivariate analyses revealed significant differences in the morphometrics among certain samples collected at approximately the same time, especially of interorbital width, first arm length and fin width. This morphological differentiation was not correlated with differences at the genetic level. The frequency distribution of dorsal mantle length and stages of reproductive maturity through the year were compatible with two alternative interpretations of population structure: (i) the existence of two temporally distinct separate spawning populations, one autumn- and the other spring-spawning, or, (ii) that slow-growing or late spawned individuals spawn at 18 months old while most squid spawn at 1 yr old in the austral spring and summer. Although it is not possible to discount either interpretation unequivocally, the latter hypothesis of population structure is more congruent with existing genetic evidence.
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  • 29
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    Methane-derived CO2 in pore fluids expelled from the Oregon subduction zone (1989)
    Elsevier
    In:  Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 71 (1-2). pp. 119-136.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-07
    Description: Pore fluids extracted from near-surface sediments of the deformation front along the Oregon subduction zone have, in general, the dissolved nutrient pattern characteristic of bacterial sulfate reduction. However, in certain locations there are peculiar ammonium distributions and anomalously 13C-depleted dissolved ΣCO2. These carbon isotope and nutrient patterns are attributed to the concurrent microbially-mediated oxidation of sedimentary organic matter (POC) and methane (CH4) originating from depth. In contrast to the oxidation of sedimentary organic matter in the sulfate zone, utilization of methane as the carbon source by sulfate-reducing bacteria would generate only half as much total carbon dioxide for each mole of sulfate consumed and would not generate any dissolved ammonium. The isotopically light ΣCO2 released from methane oxidation depletes the total metabolic carbon dioxide pool. Therefore, NH4+, ΣCO2 and δ13C of interstitial carbon dioxide in these pore fluids distintcly reflect the combined contributions of each of the two carbon substrates undergoing mineralization; i.e. methane and sedimentary organic matter. By appropriately partitioning the nutrient and substrate relationships, we calculate that in the area of the marginal ridge of the Oregon subduction zone as much as 30% of the ΣCO2 in pore fluids may result from methane oxidation. The calculation also predicts that the carbon isotope signature of the carbon dioxide derived from methane is between −35‰ and −63‰ PDB. Such an isotopically light gas generated from within the accretionary complex could be the residue of a biogenic methane pool. Fluid advection is required to carry such methane from depth to the present near-surface sediments. This mechanism is consistent with large-scale, tectonically-induced fluid transport envisioned for accreted sediments of the world's convergent plate boundaries.
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  • 30
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    Methodische Ansätze zur Biomassebestimmung mittels biochemischer Parameter und der computergestützten Bildanalyse (1989)
    Institut für Meereskunde
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-20
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 31
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    Sedimentphysikalische Eigenschaften aus dem Europäischen Nordmeer (Datenreport F.S. Meteor, Reise 7) (1989)
    Institut für Meereskunde
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-20
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 32
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    Seismic monitoring of a threshold test ban treaty (TTBT) following calibration of the test site with CorrelationTEX experiments (1988)
    Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
    In:  Technical Report, Pasadena, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, no. AFGL-TR-88-0055, pp. 103-155
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion ; Seismology
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 33
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    Testing and implementation of a phase-difference polarization filter and application of cepstral analysis to enhance regional seismic phases (1988)
    Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
    In:  Technical Report, Pasadena, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, no. AFGL-TR-88-0113, pp. 103-155
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Seismology ; Nuclear explosion ; Filter-
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 34
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    The discrimination potential of crustal resonance phases (1988)
    Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
    In:  Technical Report, Zürich, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, vol. 10, no. AFGL-TR-88-0054, pp. 2985-3018
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion ; Seismology
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 35
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    Frequency dependent attenuation in rocks (1988)
    Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
    In:  Technical Report, Hanscom Air Force Base, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, vol. 10, no. AFGL-TR-88-0321, pp. 1-147
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion ; Attenuation ; Frequency
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 36
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    Papers Presented at the 10th Annual DARPA/AFGL Seismic Research Symposium (1988)
    Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
    In:  Hanscom AFB, Mass., Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, vol. Hanscom AFB, Mass., (ISBN 0-521-81734-X)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 37
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    Mechanics of Tectonic Faulting (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 662-664, (ISBN 0-470-87000-1 (HB), ISBN 0-470-87001-X (PB))
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Textbook of geology ; Tectonics ; Fault zone ; Stress ; Fracture ; Engineering geophys.
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 38
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    Application of the theory of wave propagation through random media to phase and amplitude fluctuations of seismic P-waves (1988)
    Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
    In:  Technical Report, Hannover, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, vol. 10, no. AFGL-TR-88-0315, pp. 1-32, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion ; Seismology ; Wave propagation ; Inhomogeneity ; Amplitude ; P-waves
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 39
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    Finite-difference modeling of Rayleigh wave scattering and P-Sv(Lg) coupling problems (1988)
    Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
    In:  Technical Report, San Francisco, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. AFGL-TR-88-0093, pp. 1680-1682, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Finite difference method ; Nuclear explosion ; SEModelling ; Scattering ; Lg-waves ; Rayleigh waves ; Body waves ; P-waves ; SV waves
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 40
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    Analysis of regional phases using three component data (1988)
    Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
    In:  Technical Report, Hannover, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, vol. 10, no. AFGL-TR-88-0322, pp. 1358-1361, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion ; Seismology ; Three component data ; Toksoez ; Toksoz
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 41
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    Influence of scattering of seismic waves: Velocity and attenuation structure of the upper crust in Southeast Maine (1988)
    Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
    In:  Technical Report, Münster, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, vol. 1034, no. AFGL-TR-88-0094, pp. 1-109, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion ; Scattering ; Seismology ; Attenuation ; Velocity analysis ; CRUST ; Toksoez ; Toksoz
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 42
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    Influence of scattering on seismic waves (1988)
    Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
    In:  Technical Report, Leipzig, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, vol. 10, no. AFGL-TR-88-0170, pp. 131, (ISBN 0 08 042822 3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion ; Scattering ; Seismology ; Toksoz
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 43
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    Investigation of explosion generated SV Lg waves in 2-D heterogeneous crustal models by finite-difference method (1988)
    Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
    In:  Technical Report, San Francisco, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. AFGL-TR-88-0025, pp. 1680-1682, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion ; Waves ; SEModelling ; Finite difference method ; Lg-waves ; SV waves ; Inhomogeneity ; Two-dimensional
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 44
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    Regional studies with broadband data (1988)
    Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
    In:  Technical Report, Mexico, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. AFGL-TR-88-0131, pp. 1015-1021, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion ; Seismology ; Broad-band
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 45
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    Effects of depth of burial and tectonic strain release on regional and teleseismic explosion waveforms (1988)
    Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
    In:  Technical Report, Mexico, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. AFGL-TR-88-0314, pp. 1015-1021, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion ; Anisotropy ; Waves ; Seismology ; Teleseismic events ; Hypocentral depth ; Seismicity
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 46
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    Seismic wave attenuation and yield determination at regional distances (1988)
    Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
    In:  Technical Report, Paris, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. AFGL-TR-88-0222, pp. 109-124, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion ; Seismology ; Attenuation ; Energy (of earthquakes)
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 47
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    Advanced computational techniques in regional wave studies (1988)
    Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
    In:  Technical Report, Kiel, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. AFGL-TR-88-0149, pp. 267-278, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion ; Waves ; Synthetic seismograms
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 48
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    The damage mechanics of brittle solids in compression (1988)
    Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
    In:  Technical Report, Houston, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, vol. 1034, no. AFGL-TR-88-0160, pp. 1-162, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
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    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion ; Rock mechanics ; Elasticity
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  • 49
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    Seabeam and seismic reflection imaging of the tectonic regime of the Andean continental margin off Peru (4°S to 10°S) (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 87 (1-2). pp. 111-126.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-08
    Description: Marine geophysical surveys employing Seabeam, multi- and single-channel seismic reflection, gravity and magnetic instruments were conducted at two locations along the continental slope of the Peru Trench during the Seaperc cruise of the R/V “Jean Charcot” in July 1986. These areas are centered around 5°30′S and 9°30′S off the coastal towns of Paita and Chimbote respectively. These data indicate that (1) the continental slope off Peru consists of three distinct morpho-structural domains (from west to east are the lower, middle and upper slopes) instead of just two as previously reported; (2) the middle slope has the characteristics of a zone of tectonic collapse at the front of a gently flexured upper slope; (3) the upper half of the lower slope appears to represent the product of mass wasting; (4) thrusting at the foot of the margin produces a continuous morphologic feature representing a deformation front where the products of mass-wasting are overprinted by a compressional tectonic fabric; (5) a change in the tectonic regime from tensional to compressional occurs at the mid-slope-lower slope boundary, the accretionary prism being restricted to the very base of the lower slope in the Paita area. The Andean margin off Peru is an “extensional active margin” or a “collapsing active margin” developing a subordinated accretionary complex induced by massive collapse of the middle slope area.
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  • 50
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    Fahrtbericht über die POSEIDON-Reise 152a [POS152/a], Meereschemie vom 27.10.1988 bis 2.11.1988 (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, 2 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-18
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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    Reisebericht POSEIDON-Fahrt-Nr. 152b [POS152/b] vom 6.11. - 14.11.1988 (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, 12 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-18
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 52
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    Energy content of macrobenthic invertebrates: general conversion factors from weight to energy (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 117 (3). pp. 271-278.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-21
    Description: In ecological studies, especially in those dealing with energy circulation in nature, determinations of the energy content of organisms are inevitable. Energy determinations are, however, laborious and time-consuming. Average conversion factors based on different species form various areas and seasons may often be a shortcut for overcoming this problem. To establish general energy conversion factors for aquatic invertebrate groups, we used 376 values of J · mg−1 DW and 255 values of J · mg−1 AFDW, representing 308 and 229 species, respectively. The dry-weight-to-energy factors were highly variable both within and between taxonomic groups, e.g.: Porifera, 6.1 J · mg−1 DW; insect larvae, 22.4 J · mg−1 DW (median values). The energy-conversion factors related to AFDW showed a much smaller dispersion with a minimum median value of 19.7 J · mg−1 AFDW (Ascidiacea) and a maximum of 23.8 J · mg−1 AFDW (insect larvae). Within taxonomic groups, the 95% confidence intervals (AFDW) were only a few percent of the median values. The use of energy-conversion factors based on AFDW is preferable due to their lower dispersion. For aquatic macrobenthic invertebrates, a general conversion factor of 23 J · mg−1 AFDW can be used.
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    Sonostratigraphic records from equatorial atlantic deep-sea carbonates: Paleoceanographic and climatic relationships (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 83 . pp. 9-20.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-05
    Description: Paleoceanographic and stratigraphic methods, based on high-resolution compressional wave (p-wave) velocity measurements, have been applied to the studies of late Quaternary deep-sea carbonates in the western and eastern equatorial Atlantic. The measurements provide sonostratigraphic records in which changes in p-wave velocity parallel the changes from a glacial to an interglacial climate: Maxima in p-wave velocity (greater than 1540 m/s) occur during interglacial oxygen isotope stages 1, 5 and 7. Minima (1490 m/s) occur during glacial oxygen isotope stages 2, 4 and 6. Changes in p-wave velocity parallel past changes in carbonate accumulation and sediment coarse fraction, and allow a detailed core to core correlation. From these results two main patterns emerge: (1) In cores from shallower than 4300 m and from well above the present lysocline, large temporal changes in p-wave velocity parallel the production of planktonic foraminifera and the climatic history recorded in the sediments, and (2) below 4300 m, the position of the foraminiferal lysocline in the western equatorial Atlantic, large downcore p-wave velocity fluctuations gradually disappear due to dissolution of carbonate sediments. Dissolution also causes a distinct decrease in p-wave velocity and acoustic reflectivity in surface sediments across the present foraminiferal lysocline. Thus, past changes in the position of the foraminiferal lysocline or calcite compensation depth that caused distinct changes in reflectivity of sediments should lead to distinct reflectors within sediment columns. Their distribution can be utilized to map paleowater masses with different degrees of carbonate saturation.
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  • 54
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    Forschungsschiff METEOR, Reise Nr. 6, Atlantik 87/88 : Fahrtabschnitte Nr. 1 - 3, Oktober - Dezember 1987 ; Berichte der wissenschaftlichen Leiter (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 184 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 77 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-21
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 55
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    Hydrothermal silica chimney fields in the Galapagos Spreading Center at 86°W (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 89 (3-4). pp. 261-272.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-18
    Description: Silica chimneys were discovered in 1985 at 86°W in the rift valley of the Galapagos Spreading Center at 2600 m depth (“Cauliflower Garden”). The inactive chimneys lack any sulfides and consist almost entirely of amorphous silica (up to 96 wt.% SiO2, opal-A); Fe and Mn oxides are minor constituents. Oxygen isotope data show that formation of the silica chimneys took place at temperatures between 32°C (+29.9‰ δ18O) and 42°C (+27.8‰ δ18O).Th/Udating reveals a maximum age of 1440 ± 300y. Amorphous silica solubility relations indicate that the silica chimneys were formed by conductive cooling of pure hydrothermal fluids or by conductive cooling of a fluid/seawater mixture. Assuming equilibrium with quartz at 500 bars, initial fluid temperatures of more than 175°C (i.e., a concentration of 〉 182 ppm SiO2) were required to achieve sufficient supersaturation for the deposition of amorphous silica at 40°C and 260 bars. If the silica chimneys originate from the same or a similar fluid as higher-temperature ( 〈 300°C) sulfide-silica precipitates found nearby (i.e., 2.5 km away), then subsurface deposition of sulfides may have occurred.
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  • 56
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    Magnesium in the marine sedimentary environment: Mg-NH4 ion exchange (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Chemical Geology, 70 (4). pp. 359-371.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
    Description: The release of exchangeable Mg in marine sediments from displacement by ammonium ions was estimated by way of experimentally determining the parameters that govern this ion-exchange equilibrium on solid geochemical phases: smectite, humic acid, illite and opal. We showed that: (a) both the conditional selectivity constant as well as the solid concentration are important parameters in determining the relative contribution of ammonium-exchangeable Mg from smectite, organic matter, illite and opal; and (b) that, except in the cases where opal or organic matter concentrations are very high, the clays are the dominant carrier phases for labile Mg which is exchangeable by ammonium. A model, based on the sum of the contributions from the major geochemical phases present in the sediment reliably predicts the amount of Mg released by exchange with ammonium in marine sediments.
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  • 57
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    Mg-NH4 exchange on humic acid: A radiotracer technique for conditional exchange constants in a seawater medium (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Chemical Geology, 70 (4). pp. 349-357.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
    Description: A radiotracer technique, employing 27Mg, is used to determine the Mg released by ammonium exchange on undis-solved humic acid in a seawater medium. This new method allows for the measurement of exchangeable Mg on the solid phase surface, which eliminates the problem caused by the high-Mg background in the seawater matrix. The precision calculated from the counting statistics is better than ±2%; the reproducibility among repeated counts ranged from ±1% to ±3%. The higher sensitivity of the method allows for monitoring the MgNH4 exchange at concentrations as low as 30 mM NH4. This is a major improvement relative to the data obtained with the analytical methods used so far, which allow detection of exchangeable Mg only at NH4 concentrations higher than 1 M. The lower experimental concentrations are more in accordance with the natural ammonium levels found in anoxic marine sediments. For the undissolved humic acid used in this experiment, the amount of exchangeable Mg in apparent equilibrium with an ammonium-free seawater matrix was found to be 96.6 ± 0.4 meq/100g. The Mg-NH4 exchange on humic acid in seawater comes to a steady-state value in 〈 18 min. The conditional equilibrium constant obtained for this reaction, Kcond = 0.039 ± 0.001 M−1. The technique can be expanded to other geochemical solid phases in seawater and it can be modified to study the behavior of the major cations by using 24Na, 42K and 49Ca.
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  • 58
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    Can the Greenland climatic jumps be identified in records from ocean and land? (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Quaternary Research, 30 (1). pp. 1-6.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-15
    Description: Sharp jumps in climate punctuate the records from borings in the Greenland ice cap during the time interval 60,000 to about 20,000 yr ago. Rapid fluctuations are also seen in foraminifera records for cores from the northern Atlantic and in a pollen record from a core from a bog in the Vosges Mountains in France. In this paper we present a new radiocarbon chronology for northern Atlantic deep-sea core V23-81 which permits comparison with the radiocarbon-dated Vosges Mountains pollen record. Because of the lack of a 14C chronology for the Greenland ice record and of distortions peculiar to each of the three records, it is not yet possible to say whether or not the events are genetically related.
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  • 59
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    Bestimmungsschlüssel für Fischlarven der Nordsee und angrenzender Gebiete (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 178 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 76 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-14
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 60
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    Electronic length frequency analysis : a revised and expanded user's guide to ELEFAN 0,1 and 2 (2nd Edition) (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 177 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 31 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-14
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 61
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    Planktological data from the central Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden : (R. V. "Meteor", cruise No. 5-2, January - March 1987) (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 180 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 200 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-14
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 62
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    Schwankungen des Wärmeinhalts der Warmwassersphäre im Nordatlantik : Meßprogramm 1984-1986 (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 181 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 35 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-14
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 63
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    Age and growth of loliginid squid Photololigo edulis (Hoyle, 1885) (1988)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 116 (2). pp. 177-190.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-22
    Description: Age and growth were estimated on two brood stocks of a loliginid squid, Photololigo edulis (Hoyle), by examining growth increments within the statoliths from 773 specimens. Samples were collected from the northwestern coast of Kyushu, Japan, and the southwestern coast of the Sea of Japan between January 1983 and June 1984. Length and age data were fitted to logistic growth curves for each sex and brood, under the assumption that increments formed daily. Relationships between age and mantle length and the modelled growth curves showed that: the posthatch life span may be 〈 1 yr; growth rates vary considerably between individuals, especially in the second half of life; the average growth rate of the male was higher than that of the female in the warm-season brood, but almost the same in the cold-season brood. Because of the wide variation in the individual growth rate, it was presumed that warm- and cold-season broods were not genetically discrete populations.
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  • 64
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    Marine scientific co-operation in the framework of the Helsinki Commission (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-30
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  • 65
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    Dynamics and production of a natural population of Brachionus plicatilis (Rotatoria, Monogononta) in a eutrophicated inner coastal water of the Baltic (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-30
    Description: The dynamic and production of a natural population of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (0.F. MÜLLER) were studied by regular field sampling at routine stations in the shallow Darss Zingst estuary, southern Baltic (3-7‰ S). Investigations of the horizontal distribution revealed significant population growth during the summer months at salinities above 3‰ S and at those stations characterized by high eutrophication. The first individuals hatch from resting eggs in May. Significant reproduction occurs from June to September, when temperatures are above 15° C. Mixis rates were highest during the exponential growth phase. Instantaneous rates of growth, birth, and mortality were estimated. Mean P/B ratios for the growing season were high (around 0.7 d-1) and were in the range of values obtained from mass cultures in the field under subtropical conditions. In Barther Bodden annual biomass production for 1982 was 1.1 g fw · m-3. In its natural habitat, B. plicatilis serves as a food source for fish juveniles and the mysid Neomysis integer, the seasonal dynamics of the rotifer population were not significantly affected by predators.
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  • 66
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    Influence of an anionic detergent (alkylbenzene sulphonate) on enzymes, moulting cycle and survival in the shrimp Crangon crangon L. (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-30
    Description: Shrimps Crangon crangon L. were exposed to 5, 7.5, 10, 25 and 50 ppm of the anionic detergent alkylbenzene sulphonate (ABS) added to brackish water (7‰ salinity). The animals were incubated in these solutions from one to nine days at 15° C or 20° C. After 24 h and 108 h of incubation the activities of arylsulphatase (E.C. 3.1.6.1 ), acid phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.2) and cathepsin D (E.C. 3.4.4.23) were assayed in homogenates of the hepatopancreas. The influence of the detergent ABS on the moulting cycle of the shrimps was also investigated. The activity of all acid hydrolases assayed descreased by 20 % to 50 % in the experimental shrimps, depending on concentration of the pollutant, as compared with the control group. The moulting cycle of the shrimps exposed to the action of the detergent was shortened from 31 % to 51 %, and the body weight during one moulting cycle was reduced by 24 % to 36 %. Survival times were reduced in the animals exposed to the action of the detergent. Total mortality of the shrimps occurred after 194 h, in 5 ppm of ABS at 15° C and after 108 h in 50 ppm. The 96 h LC50 for shrimp Crangon crangon L. under laboratory conditions was estimated as 27 ppm of alkylbenzene sulphonate.
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  • 67
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    Eutrophication of Kieler Bucht (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-30
    Description: Prior to 1975, average winter water nutrient concentrations at station Bokniseck in Kieler Bucht (Western Baltic} were 1.23 mmol/m3 total phosphorus and 12.7 mmol/m3 dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Nitrogen concentrations did not change until 1984. The mean of a few total phosphorus data from 1980-1984 is 1.94 mmol/m3. Mean nutrient concentrations in the area between the southern entrance of the Great Belt and Darss Sill increased between 1975 and 1984 from 0.8 to 1.6 mmol/m3 total phosphorus and from about 6 to 10 mmol/m3 inorganic nitrogen. Comparatively higher nutrient concentrations at Bokniseck station are correlated to higher salinity. However, no data are available on nutrient imports into Kieler Bucht with saline deep water. Unchanged nutrient concentrations at Bokniseck prior to 1975 are an argument against any dominant influence of anthroprogenic inputs which until 1974 increased to annually 1500 t of total phosphorus and 12700 t of total nitrogen, plus 5000 t of nitrogen from the atmosphere. Higher phosphorus concentrations 1980-1984 are correlated to severe oxygen deficiency in the deep water. Mobilization of phosphorus from sediments becoming anoxic could be the reason. Biota could be such sources and sinks of nutrients that influence the nutrient balance of Kieler Bucht. To sum up, there are several processes besides anthropogenic inputs that influence nutrient concentrations in water. An assessment of winter water nutrient concentrations alone is no adequate tool for the evaluation of the effects of anthropogenic nutrient inputs via rivers, sewage, land runoff, groundwater and from the atmosphere.
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  • 68
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    Succession of postglacial mud snails (Hydrobiidae) with notes on morphological types of Hydrobia ulvae and larval shells of three species (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-30
    Description: Postglacial sequence of migration and extinction has been studied in a boring through 10 m deposits in Jutland, Denmark. The main profile contained freshwater and brackish water fauna in the bottom layer. Hydrobia ulvae was first recorded at -9.75 m. Next H. ventrosa was found together with H. ulvae. Then H. neglecta appeared, and all 3 species co-occurred at -8.75 m. At -4.95 m H. ulvae disappeared but H. ventrosa and H. neglecta were still abundant until a depth of -1.90 m. It is concluded that H. ulvae and H. ventrosa quickly colonized the Littorina Sea while H. neglecta may have arrived somewhat later. H. ulvae has the largest larval shell, especially in the Baltic, and H. ventrosa the smallest larval shell of the 3 species. The ecological significance of two markedly different shell forms of H. ulvae is discussed. Postglacial hydrobiids are compared with recent specimens of the 3 species.
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  • 69
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    In situ measurements of the functional response of benthic suspension feeders exposed to cadmium and anti-fouling paint (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-30
    Description: In situ measurements of the functional response (feeding, respiration and excretion) of Mytilus edulis and Ciona intestinalis showed that the effects of 2.5 µg 1-1 tributyl tin and 100 µg 1-1 cadmium on an assemblage of the two species was lower than what could be predicted from the response of the two species separately. This is explained by biological interactions between the species and by the fact that the two species may react in different ways to the same disturbance. Thus, results from single species tests seem inadequate for making predictions of pollution effects in marine environments, and tests should instead be carried out at the community or ecosystem level.
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  • 70
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    Recruitment, growth and mortality of juvenile Corbula gibba and Abra alba in the Limdfjord, Denmark (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-30
    Description: In order to determine the time of settlement, growth and mortality of young bivalves, samples sieved on 250 µm screens were taken in parallel to ordinary samples (1 mm screen) in the western part of the Limfjord, Denmark. High densities of newly settled Corbula gibba (30000-67000/m2) and Abra alba (16000-22000/m2) in August 1986 were found at most stations. Growth of the juvenile Corbula gibba was very rapid and the specimens were retained by the 1 mm sieve a few weeks after settlement. Growth ceased in October at a length of 2.9-3.5 mm for Corbula gibba and 0. 7-2.1 mm for Abra alba. The juvenile bivalves suffered high mortality within the first month after settling. It is suggested that this mortality may be due to predation from epibenthic predators.
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  • 71
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    Changes in productivity and species composition of the coastal phytoplankton communities caused by dissolved substances of humic type (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-30
    Description: Seawater samples for algal experiments and isolation of OHS (Dissolved Humic Substances) were taken in the Gdansk Bay during intense phytoplankton blooms. Bioassay experiments were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions with water containing natural phytoplankton communities. OHS was isolated from seawater by absorption on Amberlite XA0-2 according to the method of MANTOURA and RILEY (1975). It was found that the enrichment of the medium with OHS increased the production of chlorophyll a and cell numbers. OHS addition to the culture medium caused a change in the dominant species, especially in spring and summer phytoplankton. The results show that OHS influence not only the phytoplankton production but also the species succession by altering the species composition. The phenomenon of large phytoplankton blooms in coastal areas during the last decade should therefore be related (besides other physical, chemical and biological influences) to the presence of increasing concentrations of dissolved substances of the humic type.
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  • 72
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    Zoobenthos and problems with monitoring; an example from the Åland area (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-30
    Description: In 1986 and 1987 a transect off SW Åland, N Baltic Sea was sampled for macrozoobenthos at 14 stations ranging from 1 to 226 m depth. In connection to this survey comparative samples were taken at a "standard depth" of 19-20 m at 2 additional stations to estimate variability in space and time. The data were analyzed for primary community parameters (i.e. no. of species, abundance and biomass) including spatial and temporal differences, and the information is evaluated in relation to topography and hydrography. A more detailed analysis using the dominant components of the zoobenthic communities illustrated some of the difficulties in monitoring of the marine zoobenthos. There were significant differences in abundances and biomasses even over short distances. The differences get even more pronounced when trying to relocate an exact station with another boat and using different grab types on the same station. This is exemplified by samples from a 19-meter station using a modified Olausen box corer and an Ekman-Birge type grab sampling on different days from different vessels; the primary community data obtained with both grabs was 10 vs. 10 species (with Pontoporeia affinis vs. Macoma balthica dominating), 1945 ± 529 vs. 2168 ± 385 ind/m2, and 21.6 ± 9.5 vs. 209.0 ± 45.3 g/m2, respectively. Similarily, samplings at stations less than 1 n. mile apart at 20 m depth using the Ekman-Birge grab yielded 2168 ± 385 and 7000 ± 607 ind/m2; a highly significant difference. The no. of species (10/13) and biomasses (209.0 ± 45.3/184 ± 89.0 g/m2) showed no significant differences. The data also showed some depth dependency, but there was no correlation (r=0.22) between abundance and biomass for the entire material pooled, illustrating the importance of always measuring both. When using keyspecies for monitoring purposes, their natural distribution should also be known, as the dominance-patterns shows clear gradients with depth and sediment type.
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  • 73
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    Is the same nutrient limiting potential phytoplnkton biomass formation in different coastal areas of the Southern Baltic? (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-30
    Description: During the winter 1984 and summer 1985, a series of limiting nutrient experiments (enrichment tests) were performed with coastal Baltic water by scientists from the German Democratic Republic, Poland and Sweden. The water used for the experiments was collected outside Warnemünde (GDR); Rostock (GDR}, Sopot (P) and Falsterbo (S). The bioassays were performed under similar laboratory conditions. Nitrogen was the potentially most limiting nutrient for phytoplankton biomass formation in coastal water from Rostock, Sopot and Falsterbo. During winter, before the spring phytoplankton bloom had started, phosphorus was the "most limiting" nutrient in the Rostock area. For the Warnemünde area, no clear limiting nutrient was found, except during July 1984, when nitrogen addition doubled the phytoplankton biomass. The lowest algal standing stocks were found for Warnemünde and Falsterbo, followed by Sopot. Extremely high chlorophyll-a values were found outside Rostock. Our results show that these coastal areas in the southern Baltic do not differ essentially from each other with respect to the most limiting nutrient (sensu Liebig), although their nutrient levels are quite different. Nutrient limitation experiments are discussed in the context of the assumed eutrophication of the Baltic.
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  • 74
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    Numerical analysis of the influence of dynamic properties of a vertically stratified basin upon the phytoplankton concentration in the sea (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-30
    Description: The paper presents the assumptions of a one-dimensional mathematical model of turbulent diffusion of marine suspensions, as well as the results of numerical investigations on the influence of dynamic conditions in a defined basin on the chlorophyll-a concentration. The influence of the duration and disappearance time of a disturbance, and the thickness of the layer disturbing uniform media of varying degrees of turbulence on the vertical distribution of the chlorophyll-a concentration is analysed.
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  • 75
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    Changes in macroalgal vegetation of Kiel Bight (Western Baltic) during the past 20 years (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-30
    Description: A large scale quantitative survey of the benthic vegetation of the Kiel Bight (Western Baltic Sea) has been performed by analysis of underwater television observations and samples obtained by SCUBA diving during 1985-86. This investigation was compared to a semiquantitative survey carried out in 1962-64 by SCHWENKE (1964, 1969). For the total study area (2571 km2), distinct changes in biomass and species composition have been observed. There is an increase of biomass above the 12 m level (probably with exception of the 6 m level) and a decrease below 12 m. Extensive Furcellaria lumbricalis populations have disappeared. Furcellaria lumbricalis has been replaced by Phyllophora truncata and Phycodrys rubens which are the predominant species at present. Among other possible causes for these changes, the role of commercial stone fishing and effects of increasing eutrophication in the Kiel Bight are discussed.
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  • 76
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    Settlement and succession of benthic animals - a subtidal experiment in the German Bight compared with the "Benthosgarten" experiment in Kiel Bay (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-30
    Description: The establishment of an initial association of marine benthos was investigated during a colonization experiment at the "Nordsee" research platform at 25 m depth, from April to December 1985 and 1986. Settlement and the early stages of succession were studied by taking monthly series of soft-bottom samples. Parallel to the experiment, recruitment in the natural habitat was studied at a reference station close to the platform. Number of species, density, diversity and evenness of the initial experimental association showed 3 different phases, similar to those described by RUMOHR (1980) as "pre-opportunistic, opportunistic and post-opportunistic" phases. These stages appear regularly during early succession, but, are subject to strong seasonal and annual variability. Heavy spatfalls of several species occurred in both years of the investigation; e.g. Tellina tabula, Echinocardium cordatum, juvenile ophiuroids of the genus Ophiura (mainly in 1985) and Scoloplos armiger, Mediomastus aff. fragilis and Abra sp. (1986). Total density attained maximum values of approx. 30,000 ind. per 0.1 m2. In the natural environment the colonization process was similar, but as in Kiel Bay, the densities were much lower than on the experimental substrates. The successional pattern and role of opportunists during early succession is discussed.
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  • 77
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    The role of Sven Ekman, Adolf Remane, Carl Schlieper and Sven G. Segerstråle in Baltic biology (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-30
    Description: Sven EKMAN (1876-1964), zoogeographer and limnologist in Uppsala, wrote significant articles on marine glacial relicts, drew up a proposal of the natural history division of the Baltic Sea and wrote the textbook "Tiergeographie des Meeres", first of its kind and later published in English as "Zoogeography of the Sea". - Adolf REMANE (1898-1976), zoosystematician and ecologist in Kiel, was one of the first to analyse the faunal composition and communities of the Baltic in "Die Tierwelt der Nord-und Ostsee". A pioneering textbook by him and C. SCHLIEPER "Biologie des Brackwassers" appeared also in English. REMANE found the interstitial habitat. He described numerous new Gastrotrichs, Rotifers and Archiannelids. - Carl SCHLIEPER (*1903), zoophysiologist in Kiel, is the founder of the "School of Baltic physiologists". Studies by him and his many students on salt water tolerance and osmoregulation, ionic and temperature adaptation and high pressure tolerance of aquatic animals are known world wide. He is the co-author of four textbooks. Sven G. SEGERSTRÅLE (*1899), zooecologist in Helsinki, initiated the yearly monitoring of the bottom fauna in coastal waters of Finland. He studied the systematics and ecology of amphipods, especially the genus Gammarus and Pontoporeia and biology of the mussel Macoma balthica. His descriptive articles on the Baltic Sea and studies on marine glacial relicts are well known.
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  • 78
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    Influence of organic compounds on the toxicity of copper and cadmium to algae cells (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: The effect of siderophores, cysteine and Na2EDTA in cultures of Chlorella vulgaris and Anabaena variabilis containing copper or cadmium, on the chlorophyll-a content, as well as on the rate of carbon fixation, has been investigated. Experiments on copper accumulation in Chlorella vulgaris cells grown in the presence of organic compounds have been also carried out. The siderophores, cysteine and Na2EDTA reduced the toxicity of copper and cadmium to axenic strains of algae and natural phytoplankton. No correlation between the toxic effect of copper and its bioavailability was observed.
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  • 79
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    Effects of coastal eutrophication on the spawning grounds of the Baltic herring in the SW Archipelago of Finland (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: In the last 14 years, trapnet catches of the Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras L.) have decreased drastically in the inner zones of the bays studied, but increased in the outer zones in the sea area of Turku, SW Finland. We deduce that the reasons for the decrease of catches have been eutrophication and sedimentation of the bays. The spawning grounds of the Baltic herring were studied by SCUBA-diving in the sea area of Turku in 1981-86. We studied 134 locations but found eggs in only 20 locations. Herring did not lay eggs on all suitable grounds, but regularly and intensively used some few locations from year to year. The most important spawning grounds were situated in the outer zones of the bays. We found eggs at 0-8 meters depth. In the inner parts of the bays, we did not find eggs with the exception of one shore, which is kept free of sediments by water currents. The spawning grounds comprised mainly sand and gravel. Most of them were covered by vegetation. Eggs were attached to Cladophora glomerata, Potamogeton perfoliatus, and red algae Furcellaria Jumbricalis and Phyllophora truncata. In the innermost zones of the bays the original littoral hard bottoms have changed to soft, muddy bottoms and consequently no eggs could be found there.
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  • 80
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    Does fish farming affect natural Baltic fish communities? (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: In 1985 and 1986, a SW Finnish archipelago area was monitored for fish (using gillnets and seine), in order to investigate potential effects of salmonid fish farming on natural fish communities (population- and community level, growth and food choice). The results indicate some structural change eg. in total abundance and biomass values (increasing), on species composition (towards moore cyprinid-dominated communities), on growth rate (increasing) and food choice (increased proportions of fish consumed) of perch, and a general shift towards communities dominated by juveniles and small fish in areas influenced by fish farms.
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  • 81
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    Recruitment and survival of Nereis diversicolor O.F. Müller and Corophium volutator (Pallas) in an artifical saltwater lagoon in the Danish Wadden Sea (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Recruitment and survival of Nereis diversicolor and Corophium volutator was studied in an artificial Saltwater Lagoon in the Danish Wadden Sea. The two species were the most successful colonizers of this lagoon and they have temporarily accounted for more than 80 % of the benthic individuals. Predation by waders, emigration and a low salinity in winter(〈2‰) appeared to be important regulators of the population sizes. Various field experiments have been performed to examine the effect of selected infaunal species on recruitment of C. volutator and N. diversicolor. The density of recruits of C. volutator was negatively affected by adult individuals of its own species, by C. arenarium, by Macoma balthica, and by Nereis diversicolor. C. arenarium was the only species that had a negative effect on N. diversicolor. At the intertidal flat a high recruitment of both, C. volutator and N. diversicolor, took place within cages enclosing the natural fauna, while the density of recruits on the adjacent bottom was low. The importance of epibenthic predators and cage artifacts on the density of recruits is discussed.
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  • 82
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    Factors controlling the occurrence of Furcellaria lumbicalis (Huds.) Lamour. and Phyllophora truncata (Pallas) Zinova in the upper littoral of the Archipelago of SW Finland (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: The influence of eutrophication on the occurrence of the red algae Furcellaria lumbricalis and Phyllophora truncata was studied in the sea area of Turku. Due to increased sediment load and planktonic production, light penetration in the water has decreased in the northern parts of the study area. Furthermore, the quality of the sea bottom has changed. Plots of 1 m2 (N = 100} in the upper littoral zone (0.5-6 m} were studied by SCUBA diving, in order to investigate the factors controlling the occurrence of the red algae. Two transects were situated in the eutrophicated area, and two in the reference area. In the plots, the percentage cover of each plant species and of Mytilus edulis was documented, and the Secchi disc visibility and depth was measured. The numerical data were analyzed by correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis (BMDP2R}. In the eutrophicated area, abiotic factors (percentage cover of plain bottom and bottom quality} explained 81.28 % of the variation of red algae cover. In the reference area, the biotic factors (total number of species and Mytilus cover in %} were the most important factors, explaining 66.4 % of red algae cover.
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  • 83
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    The seasonal nature of major Baltic inflows (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Major inflows of saline water into the Baltic Sea have a significant impact on the oceanological regime of the deep water in the central basins. Such events show seasonal characteristics, which are investigated here for the 80-year period from 1897 to 1976. The characteristic properties - i.e. salinity, temperature, density and oxygen concentration of the water bodies entering the Baltic during major inflows are analyzed for the first time. The significance of the season of the inflow event for its effects on the oceanological conditions in the deep water is discussed.
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  • 84
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    Phytoplankton summer assemblages in relation to environmental factors at the entrance to the Gulf of Finland during 1972-1985 (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: 12-year quantitative phytoplankton data collected in the Tvarminne sea area in June-August from 1972-1985 were analysed in relation to environmental data collected at the same time. This was done by principal component analysis followed by canonical correlation analysis. A phytoplankton species succession which took place parallel to the increase in temperature was found to be the most important factor causing variation in species composition. The second most important factor was a change in phytoplankton species composition from the early 1970's towards the 1980's. This followed the same pattern as nutrient levels and total phytoplankton biomass. The species primarily responsible for the change were nanoplanktonic forms, such as unidentified flagellates, Cryptomonas spp., Monoraphidium contortum and Microcystis reinboldii, and a heterotroph, Ebria tripartita. It was concluded that this was due to increased levels of total phosphorus and organic load in the Gulf of Finland. Short-term weather conditions had no significant effect on species composition.
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  • 85
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    History of benthic research in the Northern Baltic Sea : from description to prediction (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: The history of studies of benthic flora and fauna in the Northern Baltic Sea (N of 58° N, including the Gulfs) is briefly reviewed from the early naturalists of the Linnaean period (mid-18th century) to the early 1970's.
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  • 86
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    Seasonal change of zooplankton in Kiel Bay, IV : Ichthyoplankton (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Fish eggs and larvae were sampled during 1970 and 1971 at approximately monthly intervals in the Kiel Bay using a Bongo-Net. Samples of 0.5 mm mesh net were considered in this study. At every station temperature and salinity were measured. The most abundant fish eggs were of sprat origin, followed by flounder, cod and plaice. Spawning areas of this species are also described. Fish larvae showed high abundance from June to August with gobies predominance. Commercially important species such as herring, cod and plaice were present in low numbers. Species exceeding the 5 % relative proportion level (tow-year average) were herring, sprat, rockling, gobies and gunnel.
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  • 87
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    Vertical distribution of ichthyoplankton in the Bornholm Basin (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: The Bornholm Basin has a distinct hydrographical pattern in terms of temperature, salinity and oxygen. Due to the strong differences in density, there is a strong vertical stratification of water masses and ichthyoplankton as well. The vertical distribution of fish eggs and larvae was investigated in a period of 27 hours at an anchor station. Samples were taken at three hours intervals with a closing net. The species composition of fish eggs and fish larvae in (), both in percent, was found to be 79.7 (84.0) sprat, 17.5 (15.0) cod, 1.3 (0.6) rockling, 1.5 (0.4) flounder and 7.3 dead eggs. To control for water masses around the station, double oblique hauls with a ring net were performed, as well as measurements of temperature and salinity. The vertical distribution of sprat and cod eggs showed considerable differences. Sprat eggs were most abundant in the upper 40 metres, whereas cod eggs were found only from 40 metres downwards. The few eggs of rockling and flounder showed a weak accumulation between 40 to 65 metres. Sprat and cod larvae were present throughout the whole water column, decreasing in numbers with depth. The maximum abundance overlapped for sprat and cod between 40 to 65 metres. However, sprats were also common in the upper layer, in which cod were present in small numbers only. The larvae of rockling and flounder were generally scarce and not found in every sample. No aggregation was obvious at certain depth levels.
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  • 88
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    A quantitative estimation of fish predation on shallow soft bottom benthos in SW Finland (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Predation on zoobenthos by fish was studied on Åland, northern Baltic Sea, in a shallow, semi-isolated bay (Station 1) and an outer area (Station 2) which is in direct connection with the bay. The fish sampling was done under an one year-cycle (May-November 1984 - May-June 1985) with a standardized multimesh set of gillnets. The fish samples for community analysis were taken once a month (May-November 1984 - May-June 1985). Stomach samples of perch (Perca fluviatilis, L.), roach (Rutilus rutilus, L.) and ruffe (Acerina cernua, L.) were collected five times during the sampling period representing the spring-, summer- and autumn-seasons. The fish species studied are the most important predators on benthic macroinvertebrates in this area. Calculations of the annual food consumption were done on the basis of field data and literature values. The soft bottom infauna was monitored throughout the study to get accurate measures of the standing stock. Roach was the most abundant and important bottom feeder in the study areas. It consumed 64 to 73 % of the total amount of benthic food taken. Roach preyed heaviest on molluscs. Perch preyed mainly on crustaceans (at St. 2) and insect-larvae (at St. 1). It consumed about 24 to 35 % of the total amount of fish predation. Ruffe is principally an obligate benthic feeder consuming mainly insect-larvae, crustaceans and polychaetes. The abundances of ruffe were low in the study areas, and the quantities consumed were marginal on an annual basis. The total consumption calculated was 999 kg/ha at St. 2 and 349 kg/ha at St. 1 during the summer season (May-November). Consumption is significantly higher in the outer area (St. 2) mainly due to higher fish abundances and benthic biomass in this area. The consumption values are equivalent to about 9 to 31 % of the annual secondary benthic production in the area studied. The fish consumed a significant proportion of the benthic standing stock, but simultaneous experiments in the lab and field have shown that the structuring effect of fish-predation on the benthic community is small. The ecological relevance of the fish/benthos couplings on shallow soft bottoms are further emphasized.
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  • 89
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    Ecotoxicological effects of two mercury compounds on Neomysis integer (Leach) and Pomatoschistus microps (Krøyer) (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: In static toxicity tests, the effects of HgCl2 and of an organic mercury complex on the mortality of Neomysis integer and Pomatoschistus microps were determined under various temperature and salinity conditions. Definite species-specific differences with respect to combined temperature, salinity and mercury effects were found. The toxicity of the organic mercury complex exceeded that of HgCl2 by a factor of 20 in the case of N. integer, and by a factor of 30 in the case of P. microps. By means of continuous respiration and activity measurements on N. integer (the more sensitive species) under organo-mercury contamination at different environmental conditions (temperature, salinity and pO2), reproducible sublethal concentrations were determined. For this species, a direct relationship was found between mercury contamination levels, increase in activity, and oxygen uptake.
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  • 90
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    Notes on the history of brackish water biology at the Universities of Rostock and Greifswald (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: On the occasion of the celebrations of the 50th year of existence of the biological station at Hiddensee (1982), the 150th jubilee year of the Zoological Institute of the Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University in Greifswald (1986), and the 25th year of existence of an independent marine biological research and training facility at the University of Rostock (1985), a short overview is given of the development of biological science in the Baltic Sea in the Hither Pomerania and Mecklenburg region. It will become clear that the initiative for brackish water research arose at the University of Greifswald, with algological studies concentrated at Hiddensee and zoological-ecological work in Greifswald itself. Effective and successful marine biological research and teaching at the University of Rostock started with the establishment of the Department of Marine Biology (1960), where university marine biological activities are now concentrated as a result of the university reform (1968).
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  • 91
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    Influence of light, heavy and crude oil on the mortality of shrimps Cragon cragon L. under laboratory conditions (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-01
    Description: Shrimps (Crangon crangon L.) were exposed to 5, 7.5, 10, 25, or 50 ppm of light fuel oil, heavy fuel oil or crude oil at 15° C or 20° C with aeration. The mortality was recorded. It was found that light fuel oil was the most toxic and crude oil the least toxic.
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  • 92
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    The taxonomy of the genus Enteromorpha Link in the Gulf of Gdańsk, a numerical approach (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-01
    Description: The genus Enteromorpha Link is one of the most common algae in the Gulf of Gdańsk. The literature mentions that several Enteromorpha species occur in the western part of the Gulf of Gdańsk. The material for analysis was collected in the littoral zone down to a depth of 1 m in the Gulf of Gdańsk and on the open Baltic coast once a month from April to November 1986. The taxonomical characters, the nature of the bottom sediments and the sampling season were used for describing OTUs. 6 dissimilarity coefficients and 7 clustering methods were employed. The two principal clusters and some intermediate OTUs are shown on the dendrograms. The difference between these two clusters lies in the morphological characters. In one of them, the filaments are unbranched, without prolification, and the cells are multilateral and rounded, setting in random fashion; in the second one the filaments are branched, and the cells are rectangular, setting in an orderly manner along the main axis and the branches. The remaining characters, especially the quantitative ones do not seem to be important from the cluster analysis point of view.
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  • 93
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    Long-term observationsof selected heavy metals contained in otoliths of cod from the Southern Baltic (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-01
    Description: Cadmium, lead, copper, chromium and zinc contents were determined in otoliths of the cod Gadus morhua L. from the Southern Baltic. It was shown that the levels of these heavy metals fluctuated during the period of investigation (1969-1985). It was found that levels of Cd, Cu, Cr and Zn decreased with age and age-dependent morphometric parameters, while the amount of lead increased. Sex of cod did not affect the level of bioaccumulation of these five trace elements in the otoliths. With the exception of Cu no differences were found between heavy metal contents in otoliths of cod from the Gdańsk and Bornholm Deep.
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  • 94
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    Evidence for a scavenging lifestyle in the free-living Nematode Pontonema vulgare (Enoplida, Oncholaimidae) (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-01
    Description: Following a mass mortality of the demersal fish population in Kiel Fjord due to anoxic water conditions throughout the water column, the occurrence of mass aggregations of the free-living marine nematode Pontonema vulgare on dead fish, jellyfish (Aurelia aurita, Cyanea capillata) and starfish (Asterias rubens), and in weakened mussels (Mytilus edulis) was observed by SCUBA diving and documented through underwater photography as early as two days after the incident occurred. P. vulgare not only survived the anoxic conditions which prevailed for severals days, but also took advantage of these circumstances to prey upon dead or weakened animals on the sediment. These observations confirm previous reports of a possible role of Pontonema vulgare as a scavenger in the form of mass aggregations in areas of acute oxygen depletion and sediments of high organic content. Positive thigmotaxis is assumed to cause aggregations of Pontonema vulgare upon brown sediments and on webs of Beggiatoa spec. in oxic water with no apparent prey as a cause. Their chemoreceptive sense, thigmotactic aggregation behavior, ability to withstand adverse oxygen conditions, and their broad feeding spectrum are responsible for the success of this species in an extreme environment.
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  • 95
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    Meiobenthic communities of the Szczecin Lagoon (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-01
    Description: Based on data collected at 7 stations 4 times a year in 1985 and 1986, composition and distribution of meiobenthic communities in the Polish part of the Szczecin Lagoon, a eutrophic and polluted water body connected with the Baltic Sea, is presented. The data show a tendency to reduced total meiobenthos densities and diversity from the lower to upper reaches of the lagoon. The meiobenthic communities studied were dominated by nematodes, ostracods ranking second in numerical importance. Harpacticoid copepods were most abundant at the outer stations which are influenced by Baltic inflows. Most of the 10 harpacticoid species recorded in the lagoon were found at the outer stations (lower reaches) as well. Similarity analysis allowed to separate three zones within the lagoon: (1) the outer zone, its stations showing most abundant and diverse meiobenthic communities; (2) the innermost zone (upper reaches) with the least abundant and qualitatively impoverished communities; and (3) the intermediate zone.
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  • 96
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    Use of biochemical features of macrobenthic species as indicators of long-term oxygen deficiency (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-01
    Description: An approach to monitoring the availability of oxygen to benthic marine invertebrates in the sediment is presented on the basis of biochemical analyses of metabolites of species from Kiel Bight. In Halicryptus spinulosus, Astarte borealis and Arctica islandica several metabolites of anaerobic metabolism were examined for their suitability as indicator substances of the oxygen availability. The amino acids aspartic acid and alanine seem to be useful only as indicators of short-term anaerobiosis, whereas glycogen and succinate together may indicate the overall duration of long-term anaerobiosis. The time course of glycogen depletion and of the increase of succinate concentrations in the tissues is correlated to the duration of experimentally induced anaerobiosis. Analyses of freshly captured Halicryptus spinulosus reflect the occurrence of long-term anaerobiosis at the sampling site in Kiel Bight during the end of summer and early autumn. Succinate concentrations in these worms and the depletion of glycogen came close to the values of specimens kept in the laboratory under anoxic conditions for 40 days (at 10°C).
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  • 97
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    A survey of botanical investigations of the waters of the Soviet Baltic in the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
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  • 98
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    Primary production in the Southern Baltic in 1985 and 1986 compared with long-term mean seasonal variation (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: On the basis of long-term investigations, the course of seasonal variations of mean daily primary production and mean chlorophyll-a concentration in the Southern Baltic waters are presented. The mean annual primary production of the Gdańsk Deep, Bornholm Deep and the Gotland Deep amounted to 124.4 gC m-2, 88.8 gC m-2 and 107.2 gC m-2, respectively. The primary production of the Southern Baltic in 1986 was higher than in 1985, and higher than the long-term mean value. The mean annual production for the Southern Baltic in 1986 amounted to 130 gC m-2. On the basis of long-term observations of primary production and chlorophyll-a of the Southern Baltic, certain upward trends in phytoplankton production were observed.
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  • 99
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    Nutrient turnover at the sediment/water interface in shallow eutrophic coastal waters (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: The nutrient situation in eutrophic shallow coastal water systems is characterized by particular features. In addition to water exchange with the open sea, interactions at the sediment/water interface play a significant role. With the help of investigation on phosphate sorption/desorption balances and on the denitrification capacity of shallow coastal waters, the following general conclusions can be made: The phosphate concentrations in the water are primarily determined by physico-chemical reactions with the sediment, and less by the rhythm of the phytoplankton primary production. Through intensive interactions between sediment and water, a phosphate "equilibrium" concentration which fluctuates very little is maintained over the whole year. High primary production rates are possible at these low equilibrium concentrations of phosphate. The phosphate sorption capacity of sediments is a characteristic parameter of shallow systems. Sediments with a high organic matter content exhibit the highest phosphate sorption capacities. With the development of nearly anearobic conditions, nitrate reduction can occur at a rate, when the appropriate amount of nitrate is made available to the reaction. Under optimal conditions for nitrate reduction, nitrate concentration is also not a parameter characterizing the nature of the water body.
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  • 100
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    The history of marine mycological research in the Baltic Sea (1988)
    Institut für Meereskunde
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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