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  • open access  (92)
  • thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science  (69)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • Deutschland
  • General Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Springer Nature  (147)
  • The MIT Press  (14)
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  • 1
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    Elusive Phenomena, Unwieldy Things (2024)
    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book provides a historical treatment of scientific control in experimentation in the longue durée. The introduction distinguishes four related strands in the history of experimental control: the development of practices to stabilize experimental conditions; the career of the comparative design; the unfolding of methodological discussions about control practices and designs; and the history of the term “control”. Each chapter brings these distinctions to bear on specific historical episodes. The focus is on experiments with complex, elusive phenomena such as perception and learning, irregular movements, and unobservable elements. Such experiments bring control issues to the fore because they are difficult to design and stabilize and often controversial. Together, the chapters show that the local context shapes what exactly is controlled, how control can be accomplished, and how controls are justified. They also show that control strategies and methodological ideas often remain stable for a long time and change only gradually. This book, as well as the volume on analysis and synthesis in experimentation by the same editors, contains contributions by an array of experts from multiple disciplines, making it suitable for historians and philosophers of science and students alike.
    Keywords: Control experiment ; History of experimental practice ; History of life sciences ; History of physical sciences ; History of philosophy of science ; visions on experimentation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBX History of mathematics
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    History and Speculative Fiction (2024)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: This open access book demonstrates that despite different epistemological starting points, history and speculative fiction perform similar work in “making the strange familiar” and “making the familiar strange” by taking their readers on journeys through space and time. Excellent history, like excellent speculative fiction, should cause readers to reconsider crucial aspects of their society that they normally overlook or lead them to reflect on radically different forms of social organization. Drawing on Gunlög Fur’s postcolonial concept of concurrences, and with contributions that explore diverse examples of speculative fiction and historical encounters using a variety of disciplinary approaches, this volume provides new perspectives on colonialism, ecological destruction, the nature of humanity, and how to envision a better future.
    Keywords: Science Fiction ; speculative fiction ; historical fiction ; postcolonialism ; Literature and Postcolonial Studies ; alternative realities ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    History and Speculative Fiction (2024)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: This open access book demonstrates that despite different epistemological starting points, history and speculative fiction perform similar work in “making the strange familiar” and “making the familiar strange” by taking their readers on journeys through space and time. Excellent history, like excellent speculative fiction, should cause readers to reconsider crucial aspects of their society that they normally overlook or lead them to reflect on radically different forms of social organization. Drawing on Gunlög Fur’s postcolonial concept of concurrences, and with contributions that explore diverse examples of speculative fiction and historical encounters using a variety of disciplinary approaches, this volume provides new perspectives on colonialism, ecological destruction, the nature of humanity, and how to envision a better future.
    Keywords: Science Fiction ; speculative fiction ; historical fiction ; postcolonialism ; Literature and Postcolonial Studies ; alternative realities ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Work and Occupation in French and English Mental Hospitals, c.1918-1939 (2023)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This open access book demonstrates that, while occupation has been used to treat the mentally disordered since the early nineteenth century, approaches to its use have varied across different countries and in different time periods. Comparing how occupation was used in French and English mental institutions between 1918 and 1939, one hundred years after the heyday of moral therapy, the book is an essential read for those researching the history of mental health and medicine more generally. It provides an overview of the legislation, management structures and financial conditions that affected mental institutions in France and England, and contributed to their differing responses to the new theories of occupational therapy emerging from the USA and Germany during the interwar period.
    Keywords: Mental health ; Moral therapy ; History of psychiatry ; Psychology ; History of work ; Mental institutions ; Mental disorder ; Interwar period ; Neurology ; Occupational therapy ; Medical history ; Patient ; France ; England ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Copyright's Broken Promise (2023)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: A comprehensive proposal for reforming copyright law to ensure sustainable public access to research and scholarship. Open access is widely supported by researchers, librarians, scholarly societies, and research funders, as well as large and small publishers. Yet despite this support—and the pandemic's demonstration of the importance of open access for scientific progress—the scholarly publishing market is failing to deliver open access quickly enough. In Copyright's Broken Promise, John Willinsky presents the case for reforming copyright law so that it supports, rather than impedes, public access to research and scholarship. He draws on the legal strategy of statutory licensing to set out the terms and structures by which the Copyright Act could ensure that publishers are fairly compensated for providing immediate open access. What sets Willinsky's analysis apart is its focus on the current state of scholarly publishing. Because copyright offers so little legal support for moving publishing to open access despite the benefit for science, he says it is time to stop regarding the Copyright Act as a law of nature that can only be circumvented, contravened, or temporarily set aside. Specifically, he proposes that the Copyright Act add a new category of work, called “research publications,” which would be subject to statutory licensing. This would allow publishers to receive royalty payments from the principal institutional users (universities, industry R&D, research institutes, and so on) and sponsors of the work (foundations and government agencies), while providing immediate open access.
    Keywords: Scholarly communication ; copyright ; legal reform ; open access ; publishing ; journals
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Theoretical Knowledge in the Mohist Canon (2023)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book presents a new translation, interpretation and analysis of selected passages from the so-called Mohist Canon, a Chinese text from ca. 300 BCE, and discusses the role of the text in the world history of science, arguing that it represents an early emergence of theoretical, systematized knowledge that is independent from parallel developments in ancient Greece. It is aimed at historians of science, of knowledge and of philosophy, and generally at readers interested in these topics from an intercultural perspective and particularly with respect to China.
    Keywords: Chinese science ; Mohism ; Mohist Canon ; Epistemological foundations ; Spatial and temporal paradoxes ; Corporeal extension ; Theoretical reflection ; Schemmel on Mohist ; Chinese philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHF Asian history
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Im Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Selbst- und Fremdverstehen (2023)
    Springer Nature | Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Dieser Open-Access-Sammelband hinterfragt, wie sich internationale Kulturzusammenarbeit zwischen Ländern unterschiedlicher Kultursysteme und -traditionen erreichen lässt. In Deutschland ist Auswärtige Kulturpolitik von dem Gedanken geleitet, dass globale Herausforderungen Multilateralismus erfordern. Im chinesischen Diskurs dagegen finden andere Kernbegriffe wie z.B. „Tianxia“ Verwendung, die im nicht-chinesischen Kontext einer Interpretation bedürfen. Um der Differenz – aber auch den Gemeinsamkeiten – auf den Grund zu gehen, untersuchen Wissenschaftler*innen und Praktiker*innen aus China und Deutschland Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmungen sowie Kooperationen in kulturellen Begegnungen. Auf diese Weise sollen Grundlagen für ein besseres gegenseitiges Verständnis sowie für kulturelle Kooperation zwischen beiden Ländern ermöglicht werden.
    Keywords: Auswärtige Kulturpolitik ; Kulturaustausch ; Forschungszusammenarbeit ; Tianxia ; Deutschland ; Globale Herausforderung ; China ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFS Globalization ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTQ Globalization
    Language: German
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  • 8
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    A History of Genomics across Species, Communities and Projects (2023)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This open access book offers a comprehensive overview of the history of genomics across three different species and four decades, from the 1980s to the recent past. It takes an inclusive approach in order to capture not only the international initiatives to map and sequence the genomes of various organisms, but also the work of smaller-scale institutions engaged in the mapping and sequencing of yeast, human and pig DNA. In doing so, the authors expand the historiographical lens of genomics from a focus on large-scale projects to other forms of organisation. They show how practices such as genome mapping, sequence assembly and annotation are as essential as DNA sequencing in the history of genomics, and argue that existing depictions of genomics are too closely associated with the Human Genome Project. Exploring the use of genomic tools by biochemists, cell biologists, and medical and agriculturally-oriented geneticists, this book portrays the history of genomics as inseparably entangled with the day-to-day practices and objectives of these communities. The authors also uncover often forgotten actors such as the European Commission, a crucial funder and forger of collaborative networks undertaking genomic projects. In examining historical trajectories across species, communities and projects, the book provides new insights on genomics, its dramatic expansion during the late twentieth-century and its developments in the twenty-first century. Offering the first extensive critical examination of the nature and historicity of reference genomes, this book demonstrates how their affordances and limitations are shaped by the involvement or absence of particular communities in their production. ;
    Keywords: Genome mapping ; Yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Human DNA ; Pig DNA ; Sus scrofa ; High throughput sequencing technology ; Whole-genome projects ; Sequence assembly ; Annotation ; European Commission ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences
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  • 9
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    Mining Gold and Manufacturing Ignorance (2023)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: This open access book charts how South Africa’s gold mines have systematically suppressed evidence of hazardous work practices and the risks associated with mining. For most of the twentieth century, South Africa was the world’s largest producer of gold. Although the country enjoyed a reputation for leading the world in occupational health legislation, the mining companies developed a system of medical surveillance and workers’ compensation which compromised the health of black gold miners, facilitated the spread of tuberculosis, and ravaged the communities and economies of labour-sending states. The culmination of two decades of meticulous archival research, this book exposes the making, contesting, and unravelling of the companies’ capacity to shape – and corrupt – medical knowledge.
    Keywords: Goldmining ; Occupational lung disease ; Silicosis ; Tuberculosis ; Southern Africa ; Occupational injury ; African studies ; Colonialism ; Racism ; History of mining ; Epidemiology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKV Environmental medicine::MKVP Occupational medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHH African history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTQ Colonialism and imperialism
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    'The Bell Curve' in Perspective (2023)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book examines the implications of The Bell Curve for the social, economic, and political developments of the early 21st century. Following a review of the reception of The Bell Curve and its place in the campaign to end affirmative action, Professor Tucker analyses Herrnstein’s concept of the “meritocracy” in relation to earlier 20th century eugenics and the dramatic increase in economic inequality over the past 30 years. Tucker demonstrates how, contrary to The Bell Curve’s predictions, the reallocation of these huge sums was neither rational nor beneficial for society. The book moves on to situate The Bell Curve within contemporary politics and shows how it can be seen to have played a role in the 2016 US election. This compelling analysis will appeal to scholars and those with an interest in the history of scientific racism, the history of psychology and the sociology of knowledge and science. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: scientific racism ; racial differences ; intelligence ; The Bell Curve ; individual differences ; cognitive ability ; structural inequality ; meritocracy ; hereditary inequality ; history of scientific racism ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JK Social services and welfare, criminology::JKV Crime and criminology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Joe Pawsey and the Founding of Australian Radio Astronomy (2023)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book is a biography of Joseph L. Pawsey. It examines not only his life but the birth and growth of the field of radio astronomy and the state of science itself in twentieth century Australia. The book explains how an isolated continent with limited resources grew to be one of the leaders in the study of radio astronomy and the design of instruments to do so. Pawsey made a name for himself in the international astronomy community within a decade after WWII and coined the term radio astronomy. His most valuable talent was his ability to recruit and support bright young scientists who became the technical and methodological innovators of the era, building new telescopes from the Mills Cross and Chris (Christiansen) Cross to the Parkes radio telescope. The development of aperture synthesis and the controversy surrounding the cosmological interpretation of the first major survey which resulted in the Sydney research group's disagreements with Nobel laureate Martin Ryle play major roles in this story. This book also shows the connections among prominent astronomers like Oort, Minkowski, Baade, Struve, famous scientists in the UK such as J.A. Ratcliffe, Edward Appleton and Henry Tizard, and the engineers and physicists in Australia who helped develop the field of radio astronomy. Pawsey was appointed the second Director of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (Green Bank, West Virginia) in October 1961; he died in Sydney at the age of 54 in late November 1962. Upper level students, scientists and historians will find the information, much of it from primary sources, relevant to any study of Joseph L. Pawsey or radio astronomy. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: Radio astronomy, history ; Telescope arrays ; Joseph L. Pawsey, founder of Australian radio astronomy ; 2c survey ; Radiophysics Laboratory ; Radar research in World War II ; Ionosphere research ; Solar radio astronomy ; Aperture synthesis ; Radio cosmology book ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFC Electronics: circuits and components ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDD Scientific standards, measurement etc ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFC Electronics: circuits and components ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDD Scientific standards, measurement etc
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Return to China One Day (2023)
    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Singapore
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book is intended for common readers who are interested in the life story of Qian Xuesen (also know as Tsien Hsue-Shen). Based on a large number of original archives and historical materials, this book focuses on Qian Xuesen’s years of seeking knowledge from his birth in 1911 to his return to China in 1955 and describes how he grows into a world-known scientist from the aspect of humanity. This book can be used as reference material for Qian Xuesen’s earlier years.
    Keywords: Life Story of Qian Xuesen ; Qian Xuesen Biography ; Chinese Scientist ; The Father of Chinese Missiles ; Family Education ; Qian Xuesen ; Hsue-Shen Tsien ; National Chiao Tung University ; Theodore von Kármán ; Jiang Ying ; Father of Chinese Rocketry ; King of Rocketry ; “Two Bombs, One Satellite” ; Chinese Nuclear Weapons Program ; Tsien Jun-fu ; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Return to China from the US ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHF Asian history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science and technology on society ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Sanctorius Sanctorius and the Origins of Health Measurement (2023)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book offers new insights into the Venetian physician Sanctorius Sanctorius (1561–1636) and into the origins of quantification in medicine. At the turn of the seventeenth century, Sanctorius developed instruments to measure and quantify physiological change. As trivial as the quantitative assessment of health issues might seem to us today – in times of fitness trackers and smart watches – it was highly innovative at that time. With his instruments, Sanctorius introduced quantitative research into the field of physiology. Historical accounts of Sanctorius and his work tend to tell the story of a genius who, almost out of the blue, invented a new medical science, based on measurement and quantification, that profoundly influenced modernity. Abandoning the “genius narrative,” this book examines Sanctorius and his work in the broader perspective of processes of knowledge transformation in early modern medicine. It is the first systematic study to include the entire range of the physician’s intellectual and practical activities. Adopting a material culture perspective, the research draws on the contemporary reconstruction of Sanctorius’s most famous instrument: the Sanctorian weighing chair. And here it departs from past studies that focus mainly on Sanctorius’s thinking rather than on his making and doing. The book also re-evaluates Sanctorius’s role in the wider process of the early transformation of medical culture in the early modern period, a process that ultimately led to the abandonment of Galenic medicine and to the introduction of a new medical science, based on the use of quantification and measurement in medical research. The book is therefore an important contribution to the history of medicine and historical epistemology aimed at historians of science and philosophy.
    Keywords: Early Modern History of Medicine ; Early Modern Dietetics ; Early Modern Galenism ; Early Modern Instrumentation ; History of Weighing ; Quantification in Physiology ; Replication Method ; Sanctorius Sanctorius ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Bruno Touschek 100 Years (2023)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This open access book celebrates the contribution of Bruno Touschek to theoretical physics and particle colliders in Europe. It contains direct testimonials from his former students, collaborators, and eminent scientists, among them, two Nobel Prize winners in Physics, Giorgio Parisi and Carlo Rubbia. It reviews the main developments in theoretical and accelerator physics in the second half of the twentieth century, while at the same time providing an overview of future prospects worldwide. This book is unique in that it will be of interest to historians of physics and also to the younger generation of researchers. Through the contribution of the leading protagonists, the interested scholar will learn about the past, present status, and relevance of both theoretical and experimental accelerator physics. The overview of Bruno Touschek’s life and works across Europe, from pre-war Vienna to Germany, the UK, Italy, and France, adds a human dimension to the scientific narration, while the open access status makes this laudatory book available to anyone with interest.
    Keywords: Bruno Touschek Life ; Birth of Collider Physics ; Past of Particle Physics ; Future of Particle Physics ; Standard Theory of Particle Interactions ; Dual and String Theories ; Future Accelerators ; Superconductors ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHP Particle and high-energy physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHU Mathematical physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Multivariate Statistical Machine Learning Methods for Genomic Prediction (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license This open access book brings together the latest genome base prediction models currently being used by statisticians, breeders and data scientists. It provides an accessible way to understand the theory behind each statistical learning tool, the required pre-processing, the basics of model building, how to train statistical learning methods, the basic R scripts needed to implement each statistical learning tool, and the output of each tool. To do so, for each tool the book provides background theory, some elements of the R statistical software for its implementation, the conceptual underpinnings, and at least two illustrative examples with data from real-world genomic selection experiments. Lastly, worked-out examples help readers check their own comprehension. The book will greatly appeal to readers in plant (and animal) breeding, geneticists and statisticians, as it provides in a very accessible way the necessary theory, the appropriate R code, and illustrative examples for a complete understanding of each statistical learning tool. In addition, it weighs the advantages and disadvantages of each tool.
    Keywords: open access ; Statistical learning ; Bayesian regression ; Deep learning ; Non linear regression ; Plant breeding ; Crop management ; multi-trait multi-environments models ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVB Agricultural science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability and statistics
    Language: English
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    Making Ammonia (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This Open Access book discusses the progress of science and the transfer of scientific knowledge to technological application. It also identifies the factors necessary to achieve this progress. Based on a case study of the physical chemist Fritz Haber's discovery of ammonia synthesis between 1903 and 1909, the book places Haber's work in historical and scientific (physicochemical) context. The scientific developments of the preceding century are framed in a way that emphasizes the confluence of knowledge needed for Haber's success. Against this background, Haber's work is presented in detail along with the indispensable contributions of his colleague, the physical chemist, Walter Nernst, and their assistants. The detailed accounts of scientific advancement remind us of the physical basis on which our scientific theories and ideas are built. Without this reminder we often forget how complex, and how beautiful achievements in science can be.
    Keywords: Fritz Haber ; Ammonia Synthesis ; Scientific Discovery ; Technological Innovation ; Physical Chemistry ; Theory of Scientific Progress ; The challenge of technical Implementation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry
    Language: English
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    Anthropologies of Global Maternal and Reproductive Health (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This open access edited book brings together new research on the mechanisms by which maternal and reproductive health policies are formed and implemented in diverse locales around the world, from global policy spaces to sites of practice. The authors – both internationally respected anthropologists and new voices – demonstrate the value of ethnography and the utility of reproduction as a lens through which to generate rich insights into professionals’ and lay people’s intimate encounters with policy. Authors look closely at core policy debates in the history of global maternal health across six different continents, including: Women’s use of misoprostol for abortion in Burkina Faso The place of traditional birth attendants in global maternal health Donor-driven maternal health programs in Tanzania Efforts to integrate qualitative evidence in WHO maternal and child health policy-making Anthropologies of Global Maternal and Reproductive Health will engage readers interested in critical conversations about global health policy today. The broad range of foci makes it a valuable resource for teaching in medical anthropology, anthropology of reproduction, and interdisciplinary global health programs. The book will also find readership amongst critical public health scholars, health policy and systems researchers, and global public health practitioners.
    Keywords: open access ; anthropology of maternal death ; anthropology of pregnancy ; anthropology of reproduction ; ethnography maternal health ; ethnograpny reproductive health ; ethnography global health ; global health policy ; maternal health policy ; maternal morbidity and mortality ; medical anthropology ; global reproductive health policy ; skilled birth ; women's health ; global maternal health ; global health care interventions ; Maternal and Child Health ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSX Human biology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKC Gynaecology and obstetrics::MKCM Materno-foetal medicine / perinatology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBP Health systems and services ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFK Human reproduction, growth and development::MFKC Reproductive medicine
    Language: English
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    Development of Linguistic Linked Open Data Resources for Collaborative Data-Intensive Research in the Language Sciences (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: Making diverse data in linguistics and the language sciences open, distributed, and accessible: perspectives from language/language acquistiion researchers and technical LOD (linked open data) researchers. This volume examines the challenges inherent in making diverse data in linguistics and the language sciences open, distributed, integrated, and accessible, thus fostering wide data sharing and collaboration. It is unique in integrating the perspectives of language researchers and technical LOD (linked open data) researchers. Reporting on both active research needs in the field of language acquisition and technical advances in the development of data interoperability, the book demonstrates the advantages of an international infrastructure for scholarship in the field of language sciences. With contributions by researchers who produce complex data content and scholars involved in both the technology and the conceptual foundations of LLOD (linguistics linked open data), the book focuses on the area of language acquisition because it involves complex and diverse data sets, cross-linguistic analyses, and urgent collaborative research. The contributors discuss a variety of research methods, resources, and infrastructures. Contributors Isabelle Barrière, Nan Bernstein Ratner, Steven Bird, Maria Blume, Ted Caldwell, Christian Chiarcos, Cristina Dye, Suzanne Flynn, Claire Foley, Nancy Ide, Carissa Kang, D. Terence Langendoen, Barbara Lust, Brian MacWhinney, Jonathan Masci, Steven Moran, Antonio Pareja-Lora, Jim Reidy, Oya Y. Rieger, Gary F. Simons, Thorsten Trippel, Kara Warburton, Sue Ellen Wright, Claus Zinn
    Keywords: open source ; open data ; open knowledge ; open access ; open science ; Language data and metadata ; Linguistic Linked Open Data ; research data management ; Semantic Web ; sustainability ; interoperability ; language acquisition ; linguistic annotation ; multilingualism ; communities of practice ; data-intensive research ; CHILDES ; Data Transcription and AnalysisTool ; digital curation ; preservation ; and scholarship ; knowledge infrastructure ; linguistic ontology ; linked data cloud ; metadata interchange ; metatagging ; morphosyntax ; multimedia ; Open Linguistics Working Group ; phonological development ; RDF ; standards ; stewardship ; TALKBANK ; terminology ; under-resourced languages ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFM Lexicography ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GL Library and information sciences / Museology::GLF IT, Internet and electronic resources in libraries
    Language: English
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    Sulphuric Utopias (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: How early twentieth century fumigation technologies transformed maritime quarantine practices and inspired utopian visions of disease-free global trade. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, fumigation technologies transformed global practices of maritime quarantine through chemical and engineering innovation. One of these technologies, the widely used Clayton machine, blasted sulphuric acid gas through a docked ship in an effort to eliminate pathogens, insects, and rats while leaving the cargo and the structure of the vessel unharmed, shortening its time in quarantine and minimizing the risk of importing infectious diseases. In Sulphuric Utopias, Lukas Engelmann and Christos Lynteris examine this overlooked but historically crucial practice at the intersection of epidemiology, hygiene, applied chemistry, and engineering. They show how maritime fumigation inspired utopian visions of disease-free trade to improve global shipping and to encourage universally applicable standards of sanitation and hygiene. Engelmann and Lynteris chart the history of ideas about fumigation, disinfection, and quarantine, and chronicle the development of the Clayton machine in 1880s New Orleans. Built by the Louisiana Board of Health and adapted and patented by Thomas Clayton, the machine offered a barrier against bacteria and pests and enabled a highway to global trade. Engelmann and Lynteris chronicle the Clayton machine's success and examine its competitors, including carbon-based fumigation methods in Germany and the Ottoman Empire as well as the “Sulfurozador” in Argentina. They follow the international standardization of maritime fumigation and explore the Clayton machine's decline after World War I, when visions of “sulphuric utopia” were replaced by a pragmatic acknowledgment of epidemiological complexity.
    Keywords: quarantine ; shipping ; disinfection ; plague ; yellow fever ; disease ; cholera ; hygiene ; syphilis ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTM Maritime history
    Language: English
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    Erwerbsarbeit von Müttern und frühkindliche Fremdbetreuung (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer Gabler
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-15
    Description: Dies ist ein Open-Access-Buch. Der Band bietet eine wirtschaftswissenschaftlich und psychologisch fundierte Herleitung von Wohlfahrtseffekten, die durch den zunehmenden Erwerbsumfang von Müttern und der daraus resultierenden frühkindlichen institutionellen Fremdbetreuung entstehen. Das Buch liefert eine multiperspektivische Analyse anhand des entwickelten Caregiving-In-Modells sowie auch verhaltensökonomischer Aspekte und leistet – auf Basis der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse – einen diskursiven Beitrag zur Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie für Entscheidungsträger in Wirtschaft und Politik.
    Keywords: Caregiving-In-Model ; Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie ; Frühkindliche Bildung ; Deutsche Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie ; Wohlfahrtseffekte ; Depression ; open access ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV2 Personnel & human resources management
    Language: German
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    Art, Science, and the Politics of Knowledge (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: How the tools of STS can be used to understand art and science and the practices of these knowledge-making communities. In Art, Science, and the Politics of Knowledge, Hannah Star Rogers suggests that art and science are not as different from each other as we might assume. She shows how the tools of science and technology studies (STS) can be applied to artistic practice, offering new ways of thinking about people and objects that have largely fallen outside the scope of STS research. Arguing that the categories of art and science are labels with specific powers to order social worlds—and that art and science are best understood as networks that produce knowledge—Rogers shows, through a series of cases, the similarities and overlapping practices of these knowledge communities. The cases, which range from nineteenth-century artisans to contemporary bioartists, illustrate how art can provide the basis for a new subdiscipline called art, science, and technology studies (ASTS), offering hybrid tools for investigating art–science collaborations. Rogers's subjects include the work of father and son glassblowers, the Blaschkas, whose glass models, produced in the nineteenth century for use in biological classification, are now displayed as works of art; the physics photographs of documentary photographer Berenice Abbott; and a bioart lab that produces work functioning as both artwork and scientific output. Finally, Rogers, an STS scholar and contemporary art–science curator, draws on her own work to consider the concept of curation as a form of critical analysis.
    Keywords: History of science ; History of art ; Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AG The Arts: treatments and subjects::AGA History of art ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MN 19th century, c 1800 to c 1899 ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge
    Language: English
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    A Prodigy of Universal Genius: Robert Leslie Ellis, 1817-1859 (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Places Ellis at the heart of early-Victorian Cambridge with in-depth descriptions on his scientific work and tragic life Provides a unique glimpse into Victorian intellectual culture, based on previously unpublished archival materials This open access book brings together for the first time all aspects of the tragic life and fascinating work of the polymath Robert Leslie Ellis (1817–1859), placing him at the heart of early-Victorian intellectual culture. Written by a diverse team of experts, the chapters in the book’s first part contain in-depth examinations of, among other things, Ellis’s family, education, Bacon scholarship and mathematical contributions. The second part consists of annotated transcriptions of a selection of Ellis’s diaries and correspondence. Taken together, A Prodigy of Universal Genius: Robert Leslie Ellis, 1817–1859 is a rich resource for historians of science, historians of mathematics and Victorian scholars alike. Robert Leslie Ellis was one of the most intriguing and wide-ranging intellectual figures of early Victorian Britain, his contributions ranging from advanced mathematical analysis to profound commentaries on philosophy and classics and a decisive role in the orientation of mid-nineteenth century scholarship. This very welcome collection offers both new and authoritative commentaries on the work, setting it in the context of the mathematical, philosophical and cultural milieux of the period, together with fascinating passages from the wealth of unpublished papers Ellis composed during his brief and brilliant career. - Simon Schaffer, Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge
    Keywords: Robert Leslie Ellis ; the Cambridge network ; mathematical education ; William Whewell ; history of science in Britain ; the history of ideas ; early-Victorian Cambridge ; history of mathematical sciences ; Victorian intellectual culture ; life of Robert Leslie Ellis ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPC History of Western philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PB Mathematics::PBX History of mathematics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBX History of mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies
    Language: English
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    Model and Mathematics: From the 19th to the 21st Century (2022)
    Springer Nature | Birkhäuser
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book collects the historical and medial perspectives of a systematic and epistemological analysis of the complicated, multifaceted relationship between model and mathematics, ranging from, for example, the physical mathematical models of the 19th century to the simulation and digital modelling of the 21st century. The aim of this anthology is to showcase the status of the mathematical model between abstraction and realization, presentation and representation, what is modeled and what models. This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. ; Open Access
    Keywords: history of mathematics: 19th to the 21st century ; mathematical model ; model theory ; mathematization of nature ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBX History of mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Academic Flying and the Means of Communication (2022)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-15
    Description: This open access book shines a light on how and why academic work became entwined with air travel, and what can be done to change academia’s flying habit. The starting point of the book is that flying is only one means of scholarly communication among many, and that the state of the planet now obliges us to shift to other means. How can the academic-as-globetrotter become a thing of the past? The chapters in this book respond to this call in three steps. It documents the consequences of academic flying, it investigates the issue of why academics fly, and it begins an effort to think through what can replace flying, and how. Finally, it confronts scholars and scientists, students, activists, research funders, university administrators, and others, with a call to translate this research into action.
    Keywords: new mobilities paradigm ; mobilities ; climate change ; air travel ; carbon footprint ; academic communication ; academic conferences ; academic institutions ; university administrators ; academic flying ; sustainability ; communication technology ; COVID-19 ; open access ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies
    Language: English
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    De La Mettrie's Ghost (2022)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This book is about how we make choices. Drawing together evidence from 21st century chemistry to Victorian politics, enlightenment philosophy, Roman drama and beyond, it is a compelling hunt for the nature of free will.
    Keywords: 21st century ; Age of Enlightenment ; drama ; drawing ; enlightenment ; free will ; memory ; nature ; philosophy ; physics ; politics ; prose ; style ; Victorian era ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPM Philosophy of mind ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDZ Popular science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTM Philosophy of mind ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDZ Popular science
    Language: English
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    Memories of a Theoretical Physicist (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: A groundbreaking theoretical physicist traces his career, reflecting on the successes and failures, triumphs and insecurities of a life cut short by cancer. The groundbreaking theoretical physicist Joseph Polchinski explained the genesis of his memoir this way: “Having only two bodies of knowledge, myself and physics, I decided to write an autobiography about my development as a theoretical physicist.” In this posthumously published account of his life and work, Polchinski (1954–2018) describes successes and failures, triumphs and insecurities, and the sheer persistence that led to his greatest discoveries. Writing engagingly and accessibly, with the wry humor for which he was known, Polchinski gives theoretical physics a very human face. Polchinski, famous for his contributions to string theory, may have changed the course of modern theoretical physics, but he was a late bloomer—doing most of his important work after the age of forty. His death from brain cancer at sixty-three cut short a career at its peak. Working on the memoir after his diagnosis, using a text-to-speech algorithm because he could no longer read words on a page, he was able to recapitulate his entire career, down to the details of problems he had worked on. For Polchinski, physics went deeper than words. This edition includes photographs from Polchinski's professional and family life, as well as physics explainer boxes, other technical edits, and bibliographic notes by his former student Ahmed Almheiri, a foreword by Andrew Strominger, and an afterword by his wife Dorothy Chun and sons Steven and Daniel.
    Keywords: multiverse ; theory of everything ; D-branes ; string theory ; black holes ; theoretical physics ; Stephen Hawking ; holographic universe ; universe ; string theorist ; autobiography ; scientist ; Joseph Polchinski ; life of a theoretical physicist ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DN Biography and non-fiction prose::DNB Biography: general::DNBT Biography: science, technology and medicine::DNBT1 Autobiography: science, technology and medicine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics::PHVS Cryogenics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Geflüchtete in ländlichen Regionen Deutschlands (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-19
    Description: Die Open-Access-Publikation präsentiert umfangreiche empirische Analysen zu Halte- und Bleibeorientierung Geflüchteter und richtet den Blick dabei besonders auf die Situation der ländlichen Regionen Deutschlands. Migrations- und Integrationsforschung in Deutschland war bislang überwiegend auf Großstädte ausgerichtet. Durch den vermehrten Zuzug geflüchteter Menschen seit 2014 sehen sich jedoch auch Kleinstädte und Dörfer in ländlichen Regionen verstärkt mit Aufgaben der Aufnahme und Integration von Geflüchteten konfrontiert. Ziel dieses Buches ist es, empirisch fundiert zu beantworten, unter welchen Voraussetzungen und wie humanitäres Engagement und ländliche Entwicklung erfolgreich verbunden werden können und wie dies von Politik und Zivilgesellschaft positiv beeinflusst werden kann.
    Keywords: Geflüchtete ; Migration ; Migrationspolitik ; Migrationsforschung ; Integration ; Integrationsbereitschaft ; ländliche Räume ; Deutschland ; Mobilität ; lokale Integrations- und Migrationspolitik ; Aufnahmegesellschaft ; Bleibeorientierung ; soziales Wohlbefinden ; German Politics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPP Public administration ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPH Political structure & processes ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: German
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    The Individual in the Animal Kingdom (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The groundbreaking first book by a major evolutionary biologist, published in 1912, that anticipated current thinking about organismal complexity. Julian Huxley's The Individual in the Animal Kingdom, published in 1912, is a concise and groundbreaking work that is almost entirely unknown today. In it, Huxley analyzes the evolutionary advances in life's organizational complexity, anticipating many of today's ideas about changes in individuality. Huxley's overarching system of concepts and his coherent logical principles were so far ahead of their time that they remain valid to this day. In part, this is because his explicitly Darwinian approach carefully distinguished between the integrated form and function of hierarchies within organisms and loosely defined, nonorganismal ecological communities. In The Individual in the Animal Kingdom, we meet a youthful Huxley who uses his commanding knowledge of natural history to develop a nonreductionist account of life's complexity that aligns with seminal early insights by Darwin, Wallace, Weismann, and Wheeler. As volume editors Richard Gawne and Jacobus Boomsma point out, this work disappeared into oblivion despite its relevance for contemporary research on organismal complexity and major evolutionary transitions. This MIT Press edition gives Huxley's book a second hearing, offering readers a unique vantage point on the discoveries of evolutionary biology past and present.
    Keywords: Major transitions in evolution ; individuality ; multicellularity ; superorganismality ; Julian Huxley ; history of biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGM Biogeography ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-15
    Description: This open access book is supported by the European Atherosclerosis Society Association (EAS). This follow-up edition of the well-received Handbook volume 'Atherosclerosis: Diet and Drugs' reflects the state-of-the-art and most recent developments in atherosclerosis research. Outstanding international experts give a comprehensive overview of the field covering topics, such as improving the treatment focusing on established targets, novel drug developments addressing pre-defined targets, hypothesis-based and hypothesis-free approaches to unravel novel targets.
    Keywords: open access ; prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis ; cardiovascular disease ; cardiovascular risk factors ; vascular biology ; diet and drugs ; systems biology ; lipoproteins ; inflammation ; thrombosis ; lifestyle ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJD Cardiovascular medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFG Physiology::MFGM Metabolism
    Language: English
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    Outcomes of Open Adoption from Care (2022)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This Open Access book presents unique evidence from the first comprehensive study of the outcomes of open adoption from care in Australia. It contributes to the international debate concerning the advantages and disadvantages of face-to-face post adoption contact with birth families. The chapters assess whether adoption provides a better chance of permanence and more positive outcomes than long-term foster care for abused and neglected children in care who cannot safely return to their birth families. They also explore whether open adoption can avoid some of the detrimental consequences of past policies in which adoption was shrouded in secrecy and children frequently grew up with a conflicted sense of identity. The book will appeal to policy makers, practitioners and students of social policy, social work, the law, psychology and psychiatry. It should also be of interest to adult adoptees and adoptive parents, whose experiences it reflects.
    Keywords: post-adoption contact ; Adoption outcomes ; Abused and neglected children ; Adoptive parents ; Barnardos ; open access ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBK Sociology: family and relationships ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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    The Cybernetics Group (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This is the engaging story of a moment of transformation in the human sciences, a detailed account of a remarkable group of people who met regularly from 1946 to 1953 to explore the possibility of using scientific ideas that had emerged in the war years (cybernetics, information theory, computer theory) as a basis for interdisciplinary alliances. The Macy Conferences on Cybernetics, as they came to be called, included such luminaries as Norbert Wiener, John von Neumann, Margaret Mead, Gregory Bateson, Warren McCulloch, Walter Pitts, Kurt Lewin, F. S. C. Northrop, Molly Harrower, and Lawrence Kubie, who thought and argued together about such topics as insanity, vision, circular causality, language, the brain as a digital machine, and how to make wise decisions. Heims, who met and talked with many of the participants, portrays them not only as thinkers but as human beings. His account examines how the conduct and content of research are shaped by the society in which it occurs and how the spirit of the times, in this case a mixture of postwar confidence and cold-war paranoia, affected the thinking of the cybernetics group. He uses the meetings to explore the strong influence elite groups can have in establishing connections and agendas for research and provides a firsthand took at the emergence of paradigms that were to become central to the new fields of artificial intelligence and cognitive science. In his joint biography of John von Neumann and Norbert Wiener, Heims offered a challenging interpretation of the development of recent American science and technology. Here, in this group portrait of an important generation of American intellectuals, Heims extends that interpretation to a broader canvas, in the process paying special attention to the two iconoclastic figures, Warren McCulloch and Gregory Bateson, whose ideas on the nature of the mind/brain and on holism are enjoying renewal today. Steve J. Heims, once a research physicist, has devoted his attention to the history of twentieth century science for the past two decades.
    Keywords: History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    The Squares (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: When ungroovy scientists did groovy science: how non-activist scientists and engineers adapted their work to a rapidly changing social and political landscape. In The Squares, Cyrus Mody shows how, between the late 1960s and the early 1980s, some scientists and engineers who did not consider themselves activists, New Leftists, or members of the counterculture accommodated their work to the rapidly changing social and political landscape of the time. These “square scientists,” Mody shows, began to do many of the things that the counterculture urged: turn away from military-industrial funding, become more interdisciplinary, and focus their research on solving problems of civil society. During the period Mody calls “the long 1970s,” ungroovy scientists were doing groovy science. Mody offers a series of case studies of some of these collective efforts by non-activist scientists to use their technical knowledge for the good of society. He considers the region around Santa Barbara and the interplay of public universities, think tanks, established firms, new companies, philanthropies, and social movement organizations. He looks at Stanford University's transition from Cold War science to commercialized technoscience; NASA's search for a post-Apollo mission; the unsuccessful foray into solar energy by Nobel laureate Jack Kilby; the “civilianization” of the US semiconductor industry; and systems engineer Arthur D. Hall's ill-fated promotion of automated agriculture.
    Keywords: History of engineering and technology;History of science;History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas
    Language: English
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    How Knowledge Grows (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: An argument that the development of scientific practice and growth of scientific knowledge are governed by Darwin's evolutionary model of descent with modification. Although scientific investigation is influenced by our cognitive and moral failings as well as all of the factors impinging on human life, the historical development of scientific knowledge has trended toward an increasingly accurate picture of an increasing number of phenomena. Taking a fresh look at Thomas Kuhn's 1962 work, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, in How Knowledge Grows Chris Haufe uses evolutionary theory to explain both why scientific practice develops the way it does and how scientific knowledge expands. This evolutionary model, claims Haufe, helps to explain what is epistemically special about scientific knowledge: its tendency to grow in both depth and breadth. Kuhn showed how intellectual communities achieve consensus in part by discriminating against ideas that differ from their own and isolating themselves intellectually from other fields of inquiry and broader social concerns. These same characteristics, says Haufe, determine a biological population's degree of susceptibility to modification by natural selection. He argues that scientific knowledge grows, even across generations of variable groups of scientists, precisely because its development is governed by Darwinian evolution. Indeed, he supports the claim that this susceptibility to modification through natural selection helps to explain the epistemic power of certain branches of modern science. In updating and expanding the evolutionary approach to scientific knowledge, Haufe provides a model for thinking about science that acknowledges the historical contingency of scientific thought while showing why we nevertheless should trust the results of scientific research when it is the product of certain kinds of scientific communities.
    Keywords: evolutionary epistemology ; kuhn ; cultural evolution ; Darwinian population ; exemplar ; disciplines ; multiple discovery ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAD Bioethics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge
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    What Do Science, Technology, and Innovation Mean from Africa? (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Explorations of science, technology, and innovation in Africa not as the product of “technology transfer” from elsewhere but as the working of African knowledge. In the STI literature, Africa has often been regarded as a recipient of science, technology, and innovation rather than a maker of them. In this book, scholars from a range of disciplines show that STI in Africa is not merely the product of “technology transfer” from elsewhere but the working of African knowledge. Their contributions focus on African ways of looking, meaning-making, and creating. The chapter authors see Africans as intellectual agents whose perspectives constitute authoritative knowledge and whose strategic deployment of both endogenous and inbound things represents an African-centered notion of STI. “Things do not (always) mean the same from everywhere,” observes Clapperton Chakanetsa Mavhunga, the volume's editor. Western, colonialist definitions of STI are not universalizable. The contributors discuss topics that include the trivialization of indigenous knowledge under colonialism; the creative labor of chimurenga, the transformation of everyday surroundings into military infrastructure; the role of enslaved Africans in America as innovators and synthesizers; the African ethos of “fixing”; the constitutive appropriation that makes mobile technologies African; and an African innovation strategy that builds on domestic capacities. The contributions describe an Africa that is creative, technological, and scientific, showing that African STI is the latest iteration of a long process of accumulative, multicultural knowledge production. Contributors Geri Augusto, Shadreck Chirikure, Chux Daniels, Ron Eglash, Ellen Foster, Garrick E. Louis, D. A. Masolo, Clapperton Chakanetsa Mavhunga, Neda Nazemi, Toluwalogo Odumosu, Katrien Pype, Scott Remer
    Keywords: collection ; STS ; science ; technology ; and society ; anthropology ; African studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHH African history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Golden Years of Australian Radio Astronomy (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The evolution of Australian radio astronomy from 1945 to 1960 has been studied in detail by numerous historians of science in recent years. This Open Access book is the first to present an overview of this remarkable chapter in Australian science. The book begins in the post-war period, as the Radiophysics Laboratory in Sydney switched from secret wartime research on radar to peacetime applications of this new technology. Next follows the detection of radio waves from space and the ensuing transformation of this fledgling science into the dominant research program at the Radiophysics Lab. Drawing from this history, the book shows how by 1960 the Radiophysics Lab had become the largest and most successful radio astronomy group in the world. The final chapter presents an overview of Australian radio astronomy from 1960 to the present day, as Australia prepares to co-host the multi-national, multi-billion-dollar Square Kilometre Array. Nearly 300 high-quality images complement the text, drawn from a wide range of sources including the extensive collection held by the CSIRO Radio Astronomy Image Archive. The book will be an essential reference for readers interested in the scientific and cultural development of radio astronomy. This book is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.
    Keywords: History of radio astronomy ; CSIRO Radiophysics Laboratory ; John Bolton ; Taffy Bowen ; Chris Christiansen ; Discrete radio sources ; Field stations ; Hydrogen-line studies ; Frank Kerr ; Mills Cross ; Bernie Mills ; Parkes Radio Telescope ; Joe Pawsey ; Ruby Payne-Scott ; Radio source surveys ; Radioheliograph ; Sea interferometers ; Alex Shain ; Solar bursts and eclipses ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time
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    Gaming the Metrics (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-21
    Description: How the increasing reliance on metrics to evaluate scholarly publications has produced new forms of academic fraud and misconduct. The traditional academic imperative to “publish or perish” is increasingly coupled with the newer necessity of “impact or perish”—the requirement that a publication have “impact,” as measured by a variety of metrics, including citations, views, and downloads. Gaming the Metrics examines how the increasing reliance on metrics to evaluate scholarly publications has produced radically new forms of academic fraud and misconduct. The contributors show that the metrics-based “audit culture” has changed the ecology of research, fostering the gaming and manipulation of quantitative indicators, which lead to the invention of such novel forms of misconduct as citation rings and variously rigged peer reviews. The chapters, written by both scholars and those in the trenches of academic publication, provide a map of academic fraud and misconduct today. They consider such topics as the shortcomings of metrics, the gaming of impact factors, the emergence of so-called predatory journals, the “salami slicing” of scientific findings, the rigging of global university rankings, and the creation of new watchdogs and forensic practices.
    Keywords: gaming ; metric ; citation ; misconduct ; manipulation ; academic research ; gaming metrics ; peer review ; impact factor ; fraud ; fake ; predatory publishing ; impact assessment ; citation index ; open access ; journal impact factor ; JIF ; scholarly communication ; research evaluation ; publication pressure ; publish or perish ; education policy ; spam ; computer-generated articles ; altmetric ; data quality ; performance indicators ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education::JNMN Universities ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNK Organization & management of education::JNKD Examinations & assessment ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general::GPJ Coding theory & cryptology
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    Publishing Sacrobosco’s De sphaera in Early Modern Europe (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access volume focuses on the cultural background of the pivotal transformations of scientific knowledge in the early modern period. It investigates the rich edition history of Johannes de Sacrobosco’s Tractatus de sphaera, by far the most widely disseminated textbook on geocentric cosmology, from the unique standpoint of the many printers, publishers, and booksellers who steered this text from manuscript to print culture, and in doing so transformed it into an established platform of scientific learning. The corpus, constituted of 359 different editions featuring Sacrobosco’s treatise on cosmology and astronomy printed between 1472 and 1650, represents the scientific European shared knowledge concerned with the cosmological worldview of the early modern period until far after the publication of Copernicus’ De revolutionibus orbium coelestium in 1543. The contributions to this volume show how the academic book trade influenced the process of homogenization of scientific knowledge. They also describe the material infrastructure through which such knowledge was disseminated, and thus define the premises for the foundation of modern scientific communities.
    Keywords: Johannes de Sacrobosco ; Tractatus de sphaera ; Academic Book Market ; Early Modern Prints ; History of Astronomy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought
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    Effective Theories in Physics (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This open access book… There is significant interest in the Philosophy of Science community to understand the role that "effective theories" have in the work of forefront science. The ideas of effective theories have been implicit in science for a long time, but have only been articulated well in the last few decades. Since Wilson's renormalization group revolution in the early 1970's, the science community has come to more fully understand its power, and by the mid-1990's it had gained its apotheosis. It is still one of the most powerful concepts in science, which has direct impact in how one thinks about and formulates theories of nature. It is this power that this Brief sets out to emphasize through historical analysis and current examples. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: Effectiv field theory ; Effective action ; Effective theories ; Naturalness and fine-tuning in theoretical physics ; Phenomenology ; Renormalization group ; Symmetries in Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHU Mathematical physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science
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    Making Open Development Inclusive (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Drawing on ten years of empirical work and research, analyses of how open development has played out in practice. A decade ago, a significant trend in using and supporting open practices emerged in international development. “Open development” describes initiatives as wide-ranging as open government and data, open science, open education, and open innovation. The driving theory was that these types of open practices enable more inclusive processes of human development. This volume, drawing on ten years of empirical work and research, analyzes how open development has played out in practice Focusing on development practices in the Global South, the contributors assess the crucial questions of who is able to participate and benefit from open practices, and who cannot. Examining a wide range of cases, they offer a macro analysis of how open development ecosystems are governed, and evaluate the inclusiveness of a variety of applications, including creating open educational resources, collaborating in science and knowledge production, and crowdsourcing information. Matthew L. Smith is Senior Program Specialist at the International Development Research Centre in Ottawa. He is coeditor of Open Development: Networked Innovation in International Development (MIT Press and IDRC). Ruhiya Kristine Seward is Senior Program Officer at the International Development Research Centre. Contributors Denisse Albornoz, Chris Armstrong, Savita Bailur, Roxana Barrantes, Carla Bonina, Michael Cañares, Leslie Chan, Laura Czerniewicz, Jeremy de Beer, Stefano De Sabbata, Shirin Elahi, Alison Gillwald, Mark Graham, Rebecca Hillyer, Cheryl Hodgkinson-Williams, Dick Kawooya, Erika Kramer-Mbula, Paulo Matos, Caroline Ncube, Chidi Oguamanam, Angela Okune, Alejandro Posada, Nagla Rizk, Isaac Rutenberg, Tobias Schonwetter, Fabrizio Scrollini, Ruhiya Kristine Seward, Raed Sharif, Matthew Smith, William Randall Spence, Henry Trotter, François van Schalkwyk, Sonal Zavaeri
    Keywords: access ; broadband ; collaborative science ; communications ; connectivity ; crowdsourcing ; data ; development ; digital economy ; ecology ; economics ; education ; educational resources ; entrepreneurship ; equity ; gender ; geography ; global ; global development ; global markets ; government ; health ; inclusion ; inequality ; information ; information science ; innovation hubs ; internet ; knowledge ; knowledge exchange ; logistics ; marginality ; MOOCs ; NGOs ; OCSDNet ; online platforms ; open access ; open data ; open innovation ; openness ; open science ; policy ; politics ; public resources ; Reddit ; resource distribution ; social inclusion ; technology ; telecommunications ; telecommunications reform ; U.N. ; UNDP ; university ; wi-fi ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GL Library and information sciences / Museology::GLF IT, Internet and electronic resources in libraries ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDK Science funding and policy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDM Scientific research ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTC Communication studies
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    Shadow Libraries (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-21
    Description: How students get the materials they need as opportunities for higher education expand but funding shrinks. From the top down, Shadow Libraries explores the institutions that shape the provision of educational materials, from the formal sector of universities and publishers to the broadly informal ones organized by faculty, copy shops, student unions, and students themselves. It looks at the history of policy battles over access to education in the post–World War II era and at the narrower versions that have played out in relation to research and textbooks, from library policies to book subsidies to, more recently, the several “open” publication models that have emerged in the higher education sector. From the bottom up, Shadow Libraries explores how, simply, students get the materials they need. It maps the ubiquitous practice of photocopying and what are—in many cases—the more marginal ones of buying books, visiting libraries, and downloading from unauthorized sources. It looks at the informal networks that emerge in many contexts to share materials, from face-to-face student networks to Facebook groups, and at the processes that lead to the consolidation of some of those efforts into more organized archives that circulate offline and sometimes online— the shadow libraries of the title. If Alexandra Elbakyan's Sci-Hub is the largest of these efforts to date, the more characteristic part of her story is the prologue: the personal struggle to participate in global scientific and educational communities, and the recourse to a wide array of ad hoc strategies and networks when formal, authorized means are lacking. If Elbakyan's story has struck a chord, it is in part because it brings this contradiction in the academic project into sharp relief—universalist in principle and unequal in practice. Shadow Libraries is a study of that tension in the digital era. Contributors Balázs Bodó, Laura Czerniewicz, Miroslaw Filiciak, Mariana Fossatti, Jorge Gemetto, Eve Gray, Evelin Heidel, Joe Karaganis, Lawrence Liang, Pedro Mizukami, Jhessica Reia, Alek Tarkowski
    Keywords: Libraries ; access ; education ; students ; educational resources ; knowledge ; university ; publishing ; information ; piracy ; Brazil ; Poland ; South Africa ; Argentina ; Uruguay ; India ; United States ; Sci-Hub ; open access ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education::JNMN Universities ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general::GPJ Coding theory & cryptology
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    The Handbook of Salutogenesis (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-15
    Description: This open access book is a thorough update and expansion of the 2017 edition of The Handbook of Salutogenesis, responding to the rapidly growing salutogenesis research and application arena. Revised and updated from the first edition are background and historical chapters that trace the development of the salutogenic model of health and flesh out the central concepts, most notably generalized resistance resources and the sense of coherence that differentiate salutogenesis from pathogenesis. From there, experts describe a range of real-world applications within and outside health contexts. Many new chapters emphasize intervention research findings. Readers will find numerous practical examples of how to implement salutogenesis to enhance the health and well-being of families, infants and young children, adolescents, unemployed young people, pre-retirement adults, and older people. A dedicated section addresses how salutogenesis helps tackle vulnerability, with chapters on at-risk children, migrants, prisoners, emergency workers, and disaster-stricken communities. Wide-ranging coverage includes new topics beyond health, like intergroup conflict, politics and policy-making, and architecture. The book also focuses on applying salutogenesis in birth and neonatal care clinics, hospitals and primary care, schools and universities, workplaces, and towns and cities. A special section focuses on developments in salutogenesis methods and theory. With its comprehensive coverage, The Handbook of Salutogenesis, 2nd Edition, is the standard reference for researchers, practitioners, and health policy-makers who wish to have a thorough grounding in the topic. It is also written to support post-graduate education courses and self-study in public health, nursing, psychology, medicine, and social sciences.
    Keywords: salutogenic model of health ; salutogenesis beyond health ; sense of coherence in the life course ; community-based health promotion ; salutogenesis theory, research, practice, and policy ; salutogenesis methods ; health-promoting organizations ; health-promoting environments ; sense of coherence and aging ; sense of coherence and health ; culture and salutogenesis ; generalized resistance resources ; application of salutogenesis to health care ; challenging social circumstances and environments ; medical sociology ; health and well-being ; Aaron Antonovsky ; Society for Theory and Research on Salutogenesis ; salutogenesis vs. pathogenesis ; open access ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBS Medical sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine::MBNH Personal & public health::MBNH9 Health psychology
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    Social Science for What? (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: How the NSF became an important yet controversial patron for the social sciences, influencing debates over their scientific status and social relevance. In the early Cold War years, the U.S. government established the National Science Foundation (NSF), a civilian agency that soon became widely known for its dedication to supporting first-rate science. The agency's 1950 enabling legislation made no mention of the social sciences, although it included a vague reference to “other sciences.” Nevertheless, as Mark Solovey shows in this book, the NSF also soon became a major—albeit controversial—source of public funding for them. Solovey's analysis underscores the long-term impact of early developments, when the NSF embraced a “scientistic” strategy wherein the natural sciences represented the gold standard, and created a social science program limited to “hard-core” studies. Along the way, Solovey shows how the NSF's efforts to support scholarship, advanced training, and educational programs were shaped by landmark scientific and political developments, including McCarthyism, Sputnik, reform liberalism during the 1960s, and a newly energized conservative movement during the 1970s and 1980s. Finally, he assesses the NSF's relevance in a “post-truth” era, questions the legacy of its scientistic strategy, and calls for a separate social science agency—a National Social Science Foundation. Solovey's study of the battles over public funding is crucial for understanding the recent history of the social sciences as well as ongoing debates over their scientific status and social value.
    Keywords: Central / national / federal government policies ; History of science ; History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDK Science funding and policy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDM Scientific research ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas
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    Fading Foundations (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book addresses the age-old problem of infinite regresses in epistemology. How can we ever come to know something if knowing requires having good reasons, and reasons can only be good if they are backed by good reasons in turn? The problem has puzzled philosophers ever since antiquity, giving rise to what is often called Agrippa's Trilemma. The current volume approaches the old problem in a provocative and thoroughly contemporary way. Taking seriously the idea that good reasons are typically probabilistic in character, it develops and defends a new solution that challenges venerable philosophical intuitions and explains why they were mistakenly held. Key to the new solution is the phenomenon of fading foundations, according to which distant reasons are less important than those that are nearby. The phenomenon takes the sting out of Agrippa's Trilemma; moreover, since the theory that describes it is general and abstract, it is readily applicable outside epistemology, notably to debates on infinite regresses in metaphysics. The book is a potential game-changer and a must for any advanced student or researcher in the field.
    Keywords: Epistemology ; Mathematical Logic and Foundations ; Statistical Theory and Methods ; History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics ; Operations Research/Decision Theory ; Philosophical Foundations of Physics and Astronomy ; Operations Research and Decision Theory ; Epistemic Justification ; Infinite Regress ; Regresses in Epistemology ; Regresses in Ethics ; Regresses in Metaphysics ; Regresses in Philosophy of Mind ; Open Access ; Philosophy: epistemology & theory of knowledge ; Mathematical foundations ; Mathematical logic ; Probability & statistics ; History of science ; Operational research ; Management decision making ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPK Philosophy: epistemology & theory of knowledge ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PB Mathematics::PBC Mathematical foundations ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability & statistics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJT Operational research ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBC Mathematical foundations ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability and statistics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJT Operational research
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    Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access two-volume set constitutes the proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2020, which took place in Dublin, Ireland, in April 2020, and was held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2020. The total of 60 regular papers presented in these volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 155 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Program verification; SAT and SMT; Timed and Dynamical Systems; Verifying Concurrent Systems; Probabilistic Systems; Model Checking and Reachability; and Timed and Probabilistic Systems. Part II: Bisimulation; Verification and Efficiency; Logic and Proof; Tools and Case Studies; Games and Automata; and SV-COMP 2020.
    Keywords: Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems ; Computer System Implementation ; Control Structures and Microprogramming ; Mathematics of Computing ; open access ; specification and verification techniques ; software and hardware verification ; SAT and SMT solving ; theorem proving ; model checking ; static and dynamic program analysis ; testing ; system construction and transformation techniques ; tool environments and tool architectures ; abstraction techniques for modeling and verification ; compositional and refinement-based methodologies ; mathematics ; software engineering ; software design ; architecting ; software architecture ; embedded systems ; automata theory ; linguistics ; Software Engineering ; Operating systems ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; Systems analysis & design ; Algorithms & data structures ; Mathematical theory of computation ; Maths for computer scientists ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation
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    Molecular Beams in Physics and Chemistry (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This Open Access book gives a comprehensive account of both the history and current achievements of molecular beam research. In 1919, Otto Stern launched the revolutionary molecular beam technique. This technique made it possible to send atoms and molecules with well-defined momentum through vacuum and to measure with high accuracy the deflections they underwent when acted upon by transversal forces. These measurements revealed unforeseen quantum properties of nuclei, atoms, and molecules that became the basis for our current understanding of quantum matter. This volume shows that many key areas of modern physics and chemistry owe their beginnings to the seminal molecular beam work of Otto Stern and his school. Written by internationally recognized experts, the contributions in this volume will help experienced researchers and incoming graduate students alike to keep abreast of current developments in molecular beam research as well as to appreciate the history and evolution of this powerful method and the knowledge it reveals.
    Keywords: Quantum Physics ; Atomic/Molecular Structure and Spectra ; Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology ; History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics ; Physics, general ; Atomic and Molecular Structure and Properties ; History of Physics and Astronomy ; Philosophical Foundations of Physics and Astronomy ; Physics and Astronomy ; Open Access ; Molecular Beam History ; Precision Measurements ; Femto- and Atto-science ; Foundations of Quantum Mechanics ; Droplet Beams ; Molecular Beam Applications ; Matter Wave Interferometry ; Ultracold Atoms ; Quantum physics (quantum mechanics & quantum field theory) ; Nuclear physics ; Theoretical & mathematical astronomy ; History of science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Von einem Traum getrieben (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Dieses Open-Access-Buch beschreibt das Leben und die Leistungen des norwegischen Ingenieurs und Physikers Rolf Widerøe. Zu seinen vielen bahnbrechenden Leistungen auf dem Gebiet der Beschleunigerphysik gehören unter anderem das Betatron und der Linearbeschleuniger, deren Konzepte er in seiner 27-seitigen Doktorarbeit veröffentlichte. Das Betatron revolutionierte die Bereiche der Krebsbehandlung durch Strahlentherapie und durch nicht-desktruktive Tests. Krankenhäuser auf der ganzen Welt setzen Widerøes Maschine ein, und auch die heutigen modernen Geräte zur Strahlenbehandlung basieren auf seinen Erfindungen. Die jüngste Renaissance des Linearbeschleunigers sorgt für beispiellose Röntgenintensitäten bei Freien-Elektronen-Laser-Anlagen, die weltweit in Betrieb sind. Widerøes Geschichte enthält eine gehörige Portion Dramatik, insbesondere während des Zweiten Weltkriegs, als sowohl die Deutschen als auch die Alliierten um seine Mitarbeit buhlten. Der Physiker hatte führende Positionen in multinationalen Industriekonzernen inne und war einer der Berater beim Bau des weltgrößten Kernforschungszentrums CERN in der Schweiz. Er erwarb über 200 Patente, erhielt mehrere Ehrendoktorwürden und eine Reihe internationaler Auszeichnungen. Die Autorin, Journalistin und Produzentin von Fernsehdokumentationen, erzählt in diesem Werk eine fesselnde Wissenschaftsgeschichte. Während ihrer Recherche hatte sie in mehreren Ländern Zugang zu bisher verschlossenen Archiven erhalten, die eine Fülle von neuem Material und Erkenntnissen, insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit den Kriegsjahren, lieferten. Das E-Book dieses Werks ist als Open-Access-Veröffentlichung auf springer.com erhältlich. ; Dieses Open-Access-Buch beschreibt das Leben und die Leistungen des norwegischen Ingenieurs und Physikers Rolf Widerøe. Zu seinen vielen bahnbrechenden Leistungen auf dem Gebiet der Beschleunigerphysik gehören unter anderem das Betatron und der Linearbeschleuniger, deren Konzepte er in seiner 27-seitigen Doktorarbeit veröffentlichte. Das Betatron revolutionierte die Bereiche der Krebsbehandlung durch Strahlentherapie und durch nicht-desktruktive Tests. Krankenhäuser auf der ganzen Welt setzen Widerøes Maschine ein, und auch die heutigen modernen Geräte zur Strahlenbehandlung basieren auf seinen Erfindungen. Die jüngste Renaissance des Linearbeschleunigers sorgt für beispiellose Röntgenintensitäten bei Freien-Elektronen-Laser-Anlagen, die weltweit in Betrieb sind. Widerøes Geschichte enthält eine gehörige Portion Dramatik, insbesondere während des Zweiten Weltkriegs, als sowohl die Deutschen als auch die Alliierten um seine Mitarbeit buhlten. Der Physiker hatte führende Positionen in multinationalen Industriekonzernen inne und war einer der Berater beim Bau des weltgrößten Kernforschungszentrums CERN in der Schweiz. Er erwarb über 200 Patente, erhielt mehrere Ehrendoktorwürden und eine Reihe internationaler Auszeichnungen. Die Autorin, Journalistin und Produzentin von Fernsehdokumentationen, erzählt in diesem Werk eine fesselnde Wissenschaftsgeschichte. Während ihrer Recherche hatte sie in mehreren Ländern Zugang zu bisher verschlossenen Archiven erhalten, die eine Fülle von neuem Material und Erkenntnissen, insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit den Kriegsjahren, lieferten. Das E-Book dieses Werks ist als Open-Access-Veröffentlichung auf springer.com erhältlich. Die Autorin Aashild Sørheim ist Autorin, Wissenschaftsjournalistin und Produzentin. Sie arbeitete als Journalistin unter anderem für Aftenposten, Norwegens größte Tageszeitung, den Norwegischen Rundfunk NRK sowie diverse Forschungsinstitute. Sie ist Gründerin der „Nationalen Stiftung für die Verbreitung der Forschung“. Von 1985 bis 1990 war sie Leiterin der Informationsdienste des königlich-norwegischen Rates für wissenschaftliche und industrielle Forschung. Ihre TV-Dokumentation „Immer Brüder. Rolf und Viggo Widerøe" wurde 2016 ausgestrahlt.
    Keywords: Teilchenbeschleuniger ; Betatron ; Teilchenphysik ; Elementarteilchen ; Proton ; Beschleuniger ; CERN ; Synchrotron ; Resonanzbeschleuniger ; Open Access ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHP Particle and high-energy physics
    Language: German
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    Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming – Workshops (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes papers from the 5 research workshops, the poster presentations, as well as two panel discussions which were presented at XP 2021, the 22nd International Conference on Agile Software Development, which was held online during June 14-18, 2021. XP is the premier agile software development conference combining research and practice. It is a unique forum where agile researchers, practitioners, thought leaders, coaches, and trainers get together to present and discuss their most recent innovations, research results, experiences, concerns, challenges, and trends. XP conferences provide an informal environment to learn and trigger discussions and welcome both people new to agile and seasoned agile practitioners. The 18 papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from overall 37 submissions. They stem from the following workshops: 3rd International Workshop on Agile Transformation 9th International Workshop on Large-Scale Agile Development 1st International Workshop on Agile Sustainability 4th International Workshop on Software-Intensive Business 2nd International Workshop on Agility with Microservices Programming
    Keywords: open access ; Agile software development ; Extreme programming ; SaaS - Software as a Service ; Software maintenance ; Software platforms ; Software management ; Software development techniques ; Microservices ; XP ; Hackathons ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZM Information architecture ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJQ Business mathematics and systems
    Language: English
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    The Narrative Subject (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book considers the stories of adolescents and young adults from different regions of the world who use digital media as instruments and stages for storytelling, or who make the media the subject of story telling. These narratives discuss interconnectedness, self-staging, and managing boundaries. From the perspective of media and cultural research, they can be read as responses to the challenges of contemporary society. Providing empirical evidence and thought-provoking explanations, this book will be useful to students and scholars who wish to uncover how ongoing processes of cultural transformation are reflected in the thoughts and feelings of the internet generation.
    Keywords: Media and Communication ; Social Media ; Digital/New Media ; Digital and New Media ; digital media ; social media ; adolescents ; young adults ; digital storytelling ; narrative ; storytelling ; open access ; Media studies ; Media studies: Internet, digital media & society ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies
    Language: English
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    The Psychosocial Reality of Digital Travel (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access book takes a fresh look at the nature of the digital travel experience, at a time when more and more people are engaged in online social interaction, games, and other virtual experiences essentially involving online visits to other places. It examines whether these experiences can seem real to the virtual traveller and, if so, under what conditions and on what grounds. The book unpacks philosophical theories relevant to the feeling of being somewhere, emphasising the importance of perception and being-in-the-world. Notions of place are outlined, based on work in tourism studies, human geography, and other applied social fields, with an aim to investigate how and when different experiences of place arise for the traveller and how these relate to telepresence – the sense of being there in another place through digital media. Findings from recent empirical studies of digital travel are presented, including a survey from which the characteristics of “digital travellers” are identified. A review of selected interactive design trends and possibilities leads to the conclusion, which draws these strands together and looks to the future of this topical and expanding field.
    Keywords: open access ; Telepresence ; virtual travel ; interaction design ; HCI ; psychosocial studies ; cyber psychology ; Social Interaction in Virtual Environments ; Computer-Mediated Environments ; digital environments ; interactive behaviour ; digital tourism ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMS The self, ego, identity, personality ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQV Computer vision ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMS Psychology: the self, ego, identity, personality ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQV Computer vision
    Language: English
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    Chapter 1 Introduction (2021)
    Springer Nature | A History of Force Feeding | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: It is the first monograph-length study of the force-feeding of hunger strikers in English, Irish and Northern Irish prisons. It examines ethical debates that arose throughout the twentieth century when governments authorised the force-feeding of imprisoned suffragettes, Irish republicans and convict prisoners. It also explores the fraught role of prison doctors called upon to perform the procedure. Since the Home Office first authorised force-feeding in 1909, a number of questions have been raised about the procedure. Is force-feeding safe? Can it kill? Are doctors who feed prisoners against their will abandoning the medical ethical norms of their profession? And do state bodies use prison doctors to help tackle political dissidence at times of political crisis?
    Keywords: force-feeding ; northern irish prisons ; hunger strikers ; irish prisons ; ethics ; prison doctors ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Energy Demand Challenges in Europe (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Pivot
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book examines the role of citizens in sustainable energy transitions across Europe. It explores energy problem framing, policy approaches and practical responses to the challenge of securing clean, affordable and sustainable energy for all citizens, focusing on households as the main unit of analysis. The book revolves around ten contributions that each summarise national trends, socio-material characteristics, and policy responses to contemporary energy issues affecting householders in different countries, and provides good practice examples for designing and implementing sustainable energy initiatives. Prominent concerns include reducing carbon emissions, energy poverty, sustainable consumption, governance, practices, innovations and sustainable lifestyles. The opening and closing contributions consider European level energy policy, dominant and alternative problem framings and similarities and differences between European countries in relation to reducing household energy use. Overall, the book is a valuable resource for researchers, policy-makers, practitioners and others interested in sustainable energy perspectives.
    Keywords: Environment Studies ; Energy Policy, Economics and Management ; Development and Sustainability ; Sustainable Development ; Environmental Sciences ; Development Studies ; Environmental Social Sciences ; energy policy ; energy consumption ; energy behaviour ; energy demand ; energy-related practice cultures ; energy infrastructure ; open access ; Horizon 2020 ; ENERGISE ; sustainable consumption ; energy transition ; Danish energy system ; residential carbon emissions ; ‘BedZed’ ; sustainable energy ; energy poverty ; community energy projects ; renewable energy ; Society & Social Sciences ; The environment ; Energy technology & engineering ; Energy industries & utilities ; Sustainability ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TH Energy technology & engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability
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    The Huawei and Snowden Questions (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book answers two central questions: firstly, is it at all possible to verify electronic equipment procured from untrusted vendors? Secondly, can I build trust into my products in such a way that I support verification by untrusting customers? In separate chapters the book takes readers through the state of the art in fields of computer science that can shed light on these questions. In a concluding chapter it discusses realistic ways forward. In discussions on cyber security, there is a tacit assumption that the manufacturer of equipment will collaborate with the user of the equipment to stop third-party wrongdoers. The Snowden files and recent deliberations on the use of Chinese equipment in the critical infrastructures of western countries have changed this. The discourse in both cases revolves around what malevolent manufacturers can do to harm their own customers, and the importance of the matter is on par with questions of national security. This book is of great interest to ICT and security professionals who need a clear understanding of the two questions posed in the subtitle, and to decision-makers in industry, national bodies and nation states.
    Keywords: Privacy ; Computer Engineering ; Management of Computing and Information Systems ; Governance and Government ; R & D/Technology Policy ; Computer Hardware ; IT Operations ; Economics ; cyber security ; IT management ; computer science ; digital vulnerability ; open access ; Privacy & data protection ; Information architecture ; Maintenance & repairs ; Political structure & processes ; Research & development management ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UR Computer security::URD Privacy and data protection ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZM Information architecture ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPH Political structure and processes ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV6 Research and development management
    Language: English
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    Chapter 3 The Instrument of Death (2021)
    Springer Nature | A History of Force Feeding | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: It is the first monograph-length study of the force-feeding of hunger strikers in English, Irish and Northern Irish prisons. It examines ethical debates that arose throughout the twentieth century when governments authorised the force-feeding of imprisoned suffragettes, Irish republicans and convict prisoners. It also explores the fraught role of prison doctors called upon to perform the procedure. Since the Home Office first authorised force-feeding in 1909, a number of questions have been raised about the procedure. Is force-feeding safe? Can it kill? Are doctors who feed prisoners against their will abandoning the medical ethical norms of their profession? And do state bodies use prison doctors to help tackle political dissidence at times of political crisis?
    Keywords: force-feeding ; northern irish prisons ; hunger strikers ; irish prisons ; ethics ; prison doctors ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Big Data in Bioeconomy (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This edited open access book presents the comprehensive outcome of The European DataBio Project, which examined new data-driven methods to shape a bioeconomy. These methods are used to develop new and sustainable ways to use forest, farm and fishery resources. As a European initiative, the goal is to use these new findings to support decision-makers and producers – meaning farmers, land and forest owners and fishermen. With their 27 pilot projects from 17 countries, the authors examine important sectors and highlight examples where modern data-driven methods were used to increase sustainability. How can farmers, foresters or fishermen use these insights in their daily lives? The authors answer this and other questions for our readers. The first four parts of this book give an overview of the big data technologies relevant for optimal raw material gathering. The next three parts put these technologies into perspective, by showing useable applications from farming, forestry and fishery. The final part of this book gives a summary and a view on the future. With its broad outlook and variety of topics, this book is an enrichment for students and scientists in bioeconomy, biodiversity and renewable resources.
    Keywords: Data-driven bioeconomy ; big data ; artificial intelligence ; agriculture ; forestry ; earth observation ; satellite images ; fishery ; open access ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVR Forestry and silviculture ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVB Agricultural science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics
    Language: English
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    Service Design Capabilities (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book discusses service design capabilities in innovation processes, and provides a framework that guides design students, practitioners and researchers towards a better understanding of operational aspects of service design processes. More specifically, it revisits service designers’ capabilities in light of the new roles that have opened up in innovation processes on different scales. After years of being inadequately defined, the professional profile of service designers is now taking shape. Today private and public institutions recognize service designers as essential contributors to their innovation and development processes. What are the capabilities that characterize a service designer? These essential capabilities are what service designers should acquire in their education and can sell when looking for a job.
    Keywords: Innovation/Technology Management ; Manufacturing, Machines, Tools, Processes ; Services ; Business and Management ; Machines, Tools, Processes ; Industries ; service design ; value creation interaction ; value creation infrastructure ; Service System Design ; innovation ; Design capabilities ; open access ; Research & development management ; Industrial applications of scientific research & technological innovation ; Production engineering ; Hospitality & service industries ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV6 Research & development management ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TG Mechanical engineering & materials::TGP Production engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNS Service industries
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    The Cloud-to-Thing Continuum (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: The Internet of Things offers massive societal and economic opportunities while at the same time significant challenges, not least the delivery and management of the technical infrastructure underpinning it, the deluge of data generated from it, ensuring privacy and security, and capturing value from it. This Open Access Pivot explores these challenges, presenting the state of the art and future directions for research but also frameworks for making sense of this complex area. This book provides a variety of perspectives on how technology innovations such as fog, edge and dew computing, 5G networks, and distributed intelligence are making us rethink conventional cloud computing to support the Internet of Things. Much of this book focuses on technical aspects of the Internet of Things, however, clear methodologies for mapping the business value of the Internet of Things are still missing. We provide a value mapping framework for the Internet of Things to address this gap. While there is much hype about the Internet of Things, we have yet to reach the tipping point. As such, this book provides a timely entrée for higher education educators, researchers and students, industry and policy makers on the technologies that promise to reshape how society interacts and operates.
    Keywords: Innovation/Technology Management ; Big Data/Analytics ; e-Commerce/e-business ; Software Management ; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; Business and Management ; IT in Business ; e-Commerce and e-Business ; Computer Engineering and Networks ; open access ; physical internet ; internet of things ; 4th industrial revolution ; cloud computing ; Cloud Architecture ; Intelligent Networks ; Research & development management ; Industrial applications of scientific research & technological innovation ; Business mathematics & systems ; Business applications ; E-commerce: business aspects ; Computer networking & communications ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV6 Research & development management ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJQ Business mathematics & systems ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UF Business applications ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UT Computer networking & communications
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    Software for Exascale Computing - SPPEXA 2016-2019 (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book summarizes the research done and results obtained in the second funding phase of the Priority Program 1648 "Software for Exascale Computing" (SPPEXA) of the German Research Foundation (DFG) presented at the SPPEXA Symposium in Dresden during October 21-23, 2019. In that respect, it both represents a continuation of Vol. 113 in Springer’s series Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering, the corresponding report of SPPEXA’s first funding phase, and provides an overview of SPPEXA’s contributions towards exascale computing in today's sumpercomputer technology. The individual chapters address one or more of the research directions (1) computational algorithms, (2) system software, (3) application software, (4) data management and exploration, (5) programming, and (6) software tools. The book has an interdisciplinary appeal: scholars from computational sub-fields in computer science, mathematics, physics, or engineering will find it of particular interest.
    Keywords: Simulation and Modeling ; Performance and Reliability ; Computational Science and Engineering ; Input/Output and Data Communications ; Mathematical and Computational Engineering ; Numerical and Computational Physics, Simulation ; Computer Science ; Computer Hardware ; Mathematical and Computational Engineering Applications ; Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics ; open access ; computational algorithms and numerical methods ; data management and exploration ; high-performance computing ; simulation software and applications ; system software and software tools ; Computer modelling & simulation ; Systems analysis & design ; Maintenance & repairs ; Maths for scientists ; Computer networking & communications ; Distributed databases ; Maths for engineers ; Mathematical physics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYM Computer modelling and simulation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDE Maths for scientists ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBJ Maths for engineers ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHU Mathematical physics
    Language: English
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    Chapter 2 A Prostitution of the Profession? (2021)
    Springer Nature | A History of Force Feeding | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: It is the first monograph-length study of the force-feeding of hunger strikers in English, Irish and Northern Irish prisons. It examines ethical debates that arose throughout the twentieth century when governments authorised the force-feeding of imprisoned suffragettes, Irish republicans and convict prisoners. It also explores the fraught role of prison doctors called upon to perform the procedure. Since the Home Office first authorised force-feeding in 1909, a number of questions have been raised about the procedure. Is force-feeding safe? Can it kill? Are doctors who feed prisoners against their will abandoning the medical ethical norms of their profession? And do state bodies use prison doctors to help tackle political dissidence at times of political crisis?
    Keywords: force-feeding ; northern irish prisons ; hunger strikers ; irish prisons ; ethics ; prison doctors ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Reversible Computation: Extending Horizons of Computing (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access State-of-the-Art Survey presents the main recent scientific outcomes in the area of reversible computation, focusing on those that have emerged during COST Action IC1405 "Reversible Computation - Extending Horizons of Computing", a European research network that operated from May 2015 to April 2019. Reversible computation is a new paradigm that extends the traditional forwards-only mode of computation with the ability to execute in reverse, so that computation can run backwards as easily and naturally as forwards. It aims to deliver novel computing devices and software, and to enhance existing systems by equipping them with reversibility. There are many potential applications of reversible computation, including languages and software tools for reliable and recovery-oriented distributed systems and revolutionary reversible logic gates and circuits, but they can only be realized and have lasting effect if conceptual and firm theoretical foundations are established first.
    Keywords: Logic Design ; Computer System Implementation ; Computer Communication Networks ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems ; Software Engineering ; Operating Systems ; open access ; reversible computation ; semantics of reversible computation ; formal methods ; models of computation ; circuit design ; simulation ; robotics ; debugging ; quantum computing ; wireless communications ; programming languages ; dependability ; modelling of biochemical systems ; computer networks ; engineering ; software engineering ; parallel processing systems ; theoretical computer science ; Computer architecture & logic design ; Systems analysis & design ; Network hardware ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; Operating systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYF Computer architecture and logic design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware::UKN Network hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UL Operating systems
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    De sphaera of Johannes de Sacrobosco in the Early Modern Period (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: This open access book explores commentaries on an influential text of pre-Copernican astronomy in Europe. It features essays that take a close look at key intellectuals and how they engaged with the main ideas of this qualitative introduction to geocentric cosmology. Johannes de Sacrobosco compiled his Tractatus de sphaera during the thirteenth century in the frame of his teaching activities at the then recently founded University of Paris. It soon became a mandatory text all over Europe. As a result, a tradition of commentaries to the text was soon established and flourished until the second half of the 17th century. Here, readers will find an informative overview of these commentaries complete with a rich context. The essays explore the educational and social backgrounds of the writers. They also detail how their careers developed after the publication of their commentaries, the institutions and patrons they were affiliated with, what their agenda was, and whether and how they actually accomplished it. The editor of this collection considers these scientific commentaries as genuine scientific works. The contributors investigate them here not only in reference to the work on which it comments but also, and especially, as independent scientific contributions that are socially, institutionally, and intellectually contextualized around their authors.
    Keywords: History ; History ; Europe—History ; Mathematics ; History ; Books—History ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBX History of mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
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    Dissecting the Criminal Corpse (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Those convicted of homicide were hanged on the public gallows before being dissected under the Murder Act in Georgian England. Yet, from 1752, whether criminals actually died on the hanging tree or in the dissection room remained a medical mystery in early modern society. Dissecting the Criminal Corpse takes issue with the historical cliché of corpses dangling from the hangman’s rope in crime studies. Some convicted murderers did survive execution in early modern England. Establishing medical death in the heart-lungs-brain was a physical enigma. Criminals had large bull-necks, strong willpowers, and hearty survival instincts. Extreme hypothermia often disguised coma in a prisoner hanged in the winter cold. The youngest and fittest were capable of reviving on the dissection table. Many died under the lancet. Capital legislation disguised a complex medical choreography that surgeons staged. They broke the Hippocratic Oath by executing the Dangerous Dead across England from 1752 until 1832.
    Keywords: georgian england ; convicts ; murderers ; homicide ; early modern england ; murder act ; crime studies ; Anatomy ; Autopsy ; Capital punishment ; Dissection ; Gallows ; Hanging ; London ; Surgeons' Hall ; Surgery ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
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    Chapter 8 Conclusion (2021)
    Springer Nature | A History of Force Feeding | Negotiating bioethics | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: It is the first monograph-length study of the force-feeding of hunger strikers in English, Irish and Northern Irish prisons. It examines ethical debates that arose throughout the twentieth century when governments authorised the force-feeding of imprisoned suffragettes, Irish republicans and convict prisoners. It also explores the fraught role of prison doctors called upon to perform the procedure. Since the Home Office first authorised force-feeding in 1909, a number of questions have been raised about the procedure. Is force-feeding safe? Can it kill? Are doctors who feed prisoners against their will abandoning the medical ethical norms of their profession? And do state bodies use prison doctors to help tackle political dissidence at times of political crisis?
    Keywords: force-feeding ; northern irish prisons ; hunger strikers ; irish prisons ; ethics ; prison doctors ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
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    World Class Universities (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer Singapore
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book focuses on the dimensions of the discourse of 'The World Class University', its alleged characteristics, and its policy expressions. It offers a broad overview of the historical background and current trajectory of the world-class-university construct. It also deepens the theoretical discussion, and points a way forward out of present impasses resulting from the pervasive use and abuse of the notion of "world-class" and related terms in the discourse of quality assessment. The book includes approaches and results from fields of inquiry not otherwise prominent in Higher Education studies, including philosophy and media studies, as well as sociology, anthropology, educational theory. The growing impact of global rankings and their strategic use in the restructuring of higher education systems to increase global competitiveness has led to a ‘reputation race’ and the emergence of the global discourse of world class universities. The discourse of world class universities has rapid uptake in East Asian countries, with China recently refining its strategy. This book provides insights into this process and its future development.
    Keywords: Educational Policy and Politics ; Higher Education ; Administration, Organization and Leadership ; Sociology of Education ; Educational Philosophy ; Philosophy of Education ; Organization and Leadership ; open access ; higher education policy ; global rankings and league tables ; audit culture and the university ; universities and liberal education ; mediatization and the university ; academic excellence and marketization ; higher education and performance indicators ; academic freedom ; global educational competitiveness ; world class university discourse ; academic capitalism ; Educational strategies & policy ; Higher & further education, tertiary education ; Educational administration & organization ; Sociology ; Philosophy & theory of education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies & policy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNK Organization & management of education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNA Philosophy & theory of education
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    Chapter 7 An Experience Much Worse Than Rape (2021)
    Springer Nature | A History of Force Feeding | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: It is the first monograph-length study of the force-feeding of hunger strikers in English, Irish and Northern Irish prisons. It examines ethical debates that arose throughout the twentieth century when governments authorised the force-feeding of imprisoned suffragettes, Irish republicans and convict prisoners. It also explores the fraught role of prison doctors called upon to perform the procedure. Since the Home Office first authorised force-feeding in 1909, a number of questions have been raised about the procedure. Is force-feeding safe? Can it kill? Are doctors who feed prisoners against their will abandoning the medical ethical norms of their profession? And do state bodies use prison doctors to help tackle political dissidence at times of political crisis?
    Keywords: force-feeding ; northern irish prisons ; hunger strikers ; irish prisons ; ethics ; prison doctors ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Exceptional Lifespans (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: How long can humans live? This open access book documents, verifies and brings to life the advance of the frontier of human survival. It carefully validates data on supercentenarians, aged 110+, and semi-supercentenarians, aged 105-109, stored in the International Database on Longevity (IDL). The chapters in this book contribute substantial advances in rigorously checked facts about exceptional lifespans and in the application of state-of-the-art analytical strategies to understand trends and patterns in these rare lifespans. The book includes detailed accounts of extreme long-livers and how their long lifespans were documented, as well as reports on the causes of death at the oldest ages. Its key finding, based on the analysis of 1,219 validated supercentenarians, is that the annual probability of death is constant at 50% after age 110. In contrast to previous assertions about a ceiling on the human lifespan, evidence presented in this book suggests that lifespan records in specific countries and globally will be broken again and again as more people survive to become supercentenarians. ​
    Keywords: Demography ; Aging ; Internal Medicine ; Aging Population ; Ageing ; Population and Demography ; Supercentenarians ; Longevity ; Oldest-old ; Mortality ; Age validation ; open access ; Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research ; International Database on Longevity IDL ; Population & demography ; Age groups: the elderly ; Age groups: adults ; Clinical & internal medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBD Population & demography ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSP Age groups::JFSP3 Age groups: adults::JFSP31 Age groups: the elderly ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine
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    UK Child Migration to Australia, 1945-1970 (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This open access book offers an unprecedented analysis of child welfare schemes, situating them in the wider context of post-war policy debates about the care of children. Between 1945 and 1970, an estimated 3,500 children were sent from Britain to Australia, unaccompanied by their parents, through child migration schemes funded by the Australian and British Governments and delivered by churches, religious orders and charities. Functioning in a wider history of the migration of unaccompanied children to overseas British colonies, the post-war schemes to Australia have become the focus of public attention through a series of public reports in Britain and Australia that have documented the harm they caused to many child migrants. Whilst addressing the wide range of organisations involved, the book focuses particularly on knowledge, assumptions and decisions within UK Government Departments and asks why these schemes continued to operate in the post-war period despite often failing to adhere to standards of child-care set out in the influential 1946 Curtis Report. Some factors – such as the tensions between British policy on child-care and assisted migration – are unique to these schemes. However, the book also examines other factors such as complex government systems, fragmented lines of departmental responsibility and civil service cultures that may contribute to the failure of vulnerable people across a much wider range of policy contexts.
    Keywords: History of Britain and Ireland ; History, general ; Imperialism and Colonialism ; Australian History ; religion ; charity ; colonies ; open access ; empire ; European history ; History ; Historiography ; Colonialism & imperialism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTQ Colonialism and imperialism
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    Chapter 6 The Disappearing Body: Dissection to the Extremities (2021)
    Springer Nature | Dissecting the Criminal Corpse | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Those convicted of homicide were hanged on the public gallows before being dissected under the Murder Act in Georgian England. Yet, from 1752, whether criminals actually died on the hanging tree or in the dissection room remained a medical mystery in early modern society. Dissecting the Criminal Corpse takes issue with the historical cliché of corpses dangling from the hangman’s rope in crime studies. Some convicted murderers did survive execution in early modern England. Establishing medical death in the heart-lungs-brain was a physical enigma. Criminals had large bull-necks, strong willpowers, and hearty survival instincts. Extreme hypothermia often disguised coma in a prisoner hanged in the winter cold. The youngest and fittest were capable of reviving on the dissection table. Many died under the lancet. Capital legislation disguised a complex medical choreography that surgeons staged. They broke the Hippocratic Oath by executing the Dangerous Dead across England from 1752 until 1832.
    Keywords: georgian england ; convicts ; murderers ; homicide ; early modern england ; murder act ; crime studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
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    Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access two-volume set constitutes the proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2020, which took place in Dublin, Ireland, in April 2020, and was held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2020. The total of 60 regular papers presented in these volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 155 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Program verification; SAT and SMT; Timed and Dynamical Systems; Verifying Concurrent Systems; Probabilistic Systems; Model Checking and Reachability; and Timed and Probabilistic Systems. Part II: Bisimulation; Verification and Efficiency; Logic and Proof; Tools and Case Studies; Games and Automata; and SV-COMP 2020.
    Keywords: Theory of Computation ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems ; Computer System Implementation ; Control Structures and Microprogramming ; Mathematics of Computing ; open access ; specification and verification techniques ; software and hardware verification ; SAT and SMT solving ; theorem proving ; model checking ; static and dynamic program analysis ; testing ; system construction and transformation techniques ; tool environments and tool architectures ; abstraction techniques for modeling and verification ; compositional and refinement-based methodologies ; mathematics ; software engineering ; software design ; architecting ; software architecture ; embedded systems ; automata theory ; linguistics ; Computer science ; Mathematical theory of computation ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; Systems analysis & design ; Algorithms & data structures ; Maths for computer scientists ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation
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    Cultural Competence and the Higher Education Sector (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access book explores cultural competence in the higher education sector from multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary perspectives. It addresses cultural competence in terms of leadership and the role of the higher education sector in cultural competence policy and practice. Drawing on lessons learned, current research and emerging evidence, the book examines various innovative approaches and strategies that incorporate Indigenous knowledge and practices into the development and implementation of cultural competence, and considers the most effective approaches for supporting cultural competence in the higher education sector. This book will appeal to researchers, scholars, policy-makers, practitioners and general readers interested in cultural competence policy and practice.
    Keywords: Higher Education ; Educational Policy and Politics ; Ethnicity in Education ; Sociology of Education ; open access ; Indigenous higher education ; student equity ; student transition ; higher education policy ; Indigenous research ; community engagement ; cultural competency policy and practices ; developing cultural competency in higher education ; implementing cultural competency in higher education ; culturally competent leadership ; culturally responsive pedagogy ; diversity, social justice, equity and inclusion ; culturally competent service learning ; Higher & further education, tertiary education ; Educational strategies & policy ; Education ; Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies & policy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: English
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    Graph Structures for Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Graph Structures for Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, GKR 2020, held virtually in September 2020, associated with ECAI 2020, the 24th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence. The 7 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited contributions were reviewed and selected from 9 submissions. The contributions address various issues for knowledge representation and reasoning and the common graph-theoretic background, which allows to bridge the gap between the different communities.
    Keywords: Artificial Intelligence ; Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet) ; Computer Communication Networks ; Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages ; Computer and Information Systems Applications ; Formal Languages and Automata Theory ; open access ; concept lattices ; data mining ; databases ; fca ; formal concept analysis ; formal languages ; formal logic ; information analysis ; information systems ; knowledge-based system ; model-based reasoning ; network protocols ; ontologies ; Information retrieval ; Internet searching ; Network hardware ; Mathematical theory of computation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware::UKN Network hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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    Supercomputing Frontiers (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th Asian Supercomputing Conference, SCFA 2020, which was planned to be held in February 2020, but unfortunately, the physical conference was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 8 full papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 22 submissions. They cover a range of topics including file systems, memory hierarchy, HPC cloud platform, container image configuration workflow, large-scale applications, and scheduling.
    Keywords: Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; Image Processing and Computer Vision ; Control Structures and Microprogramming ; Input/Output and Data Communications ; Operating Systems ; Information Systems and Communication Service ; Computer Engineering and Networks ; Computer Vision ; Database Management System ; computer hardware ; computer networks ; computer systems ; distributed computer systems ; distributed systems ; embedded systems ; hpc ; image processing ; microprocessor chips ; network protocols ; parallel architectures ; parallel processing systems ; processors ; signal processing ; telecommunication networks ; telecommunication systems ; telecommunication traffic ; open access ; Computer networking & communications ; Image processing ; Computer vision ; Algorithms & data structures ; Distributed databases ; Operating systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYT Image processing ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UL Operating systems
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    Functional Somatic Symptoms in Children and Adolescents (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This open access book sets out the stress-system model for functional somatic symptoms in children and adolescents. The book begins by exploring the initial encounter between the paediatrician, child, and family, moves through the assessment process, including the formulation and the treatment contract, and then describes the various forms of treatment that are designed to settle the child’s dysregulated stress system. This approach both provides a new understanding of how such symptoms emerge – typically, through a history of recurrent or chronic stress, either physical or psychological – and points the way to effective assessment, management, and treatment that put the child (and family) back on the road to health and well-being.
    Keywords: Psychotherapy and Counseling ; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry ; Psychotherapy ; Child and School Psychology ; Neuropsychology ; Counseling Psychology ; Child and Adolescence Psychology ; School Psychology ; Functional Somatic Symptoms ; neurological symptoms ; medically unexplained symptoms ; FSS ; psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) ; stress-based model ; neurobiology ; child and adolescent psychiatry ; Child and Adolescent Health ; pediatrics ; paediatrics ; Clinical Psychology ; open access ; Medical counselling ; Psychiatry ; Clinical psychology ; Child, developmental & lifespan psychology ; Physiological & neuro-psychology, biopsychology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKM Clinical psychology::MKMT Psychotherapy ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKL Psychiatry ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMC Child, developmental and lifespan psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMM Physiological and neuro-psychology, biopsychology
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    Towards a Natural Social Contract (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access book states that the societal fault lines of our times are deeply intertwined and that they confront us with challenges affecting the security, fairness and sustainability of our societies. The author, Prof. Dr. Patrick Huntjens, argues that overcoming these existential challenges will require a fundamental shift from our current anthropocentric and economic growth-oriented approach to a more ecocentric and regenerative approach. He advocates for a Natural Social Contract that emphasizes long-term sustainability and the general welfare of both humankind and planet Earth. Achieving this crucial balance calls for an end to unlimited economic growth, overconsumption and over-individualisation for the benefit of ourselves, our planet, and future generations. To this end, sustainability, health, and justice in all social-ecological systems will require systemic innovation and prioritizing a collective effort. The Transformative Social-Ecological Innovation (TSEI) framework presented in this book serves that cause. It helps to diagnose and advance innovation and spur change across sectors, disciplines, and at different levels of governance. Altogether, TSEI identifies intervention points and formulates jointly developed and shared solutions to inform policymakers, administrators, concerned citizens, and professionals dedicated towards a more sustainable, healthy and just society. A wide readership of students, researchers, practitioners and policy makers interested in social innovation, transition studies, development studies, social policy, social justice, climate change, environmental studies, political science and economics will find this cutting-edge book particularly useful. “As a sustainability transition researcher, I am truly excited about this book. Two unique aspects of the book are that it considers bigger transformation issues (such as societies’ relationship with nature, purpose and justice) than those studied in transition studies and offers analytical frameworks and methods for taking up the challenge of achieving change on the ground.” - Prof. Dr. René Kemp, United Nations University and Maastricht Sustainability Institute
    Keywords: Social Justice, Equality and Human Rights ; Sustainable Development ; Social Policy ; Politics of the Welfare State ; Social Work and Community Development ; Comparative Social Policy ; Social Justice ; Sustainability ; Environmental Social Sciences ; Environmental Anthropology ; Human Security ; Institutional Change ; Planetary Boundaries ; Planetary Health ; Social Contract ; Social Innovation ; Social-Ecological Systems ; Sustainability Transition ; open access ; sustainable development goals ; Politics & government ; Central / national / federal government policies ; Social work ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPQ Central government::JPQB Central government policies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JK Social services & welfare, criminology::JKS Social welfare & social services::JKSN Social work ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JK Social services and welfare, criminology::JKS Social welfare and social services::JKSN Social work
    Language: English
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    Cold War Civil Defence in Western Europe (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This open access edited collection brings together established and new perspectives on Cold War civil defence in Western Europe within a common analytical framework that also facilitates comparative and transnational dimensions. The current interest in creating disaster-resilient societies demands new histories of civil defence. Historical contextualization is essential in order to understand what is at stake in preparing, devising, and implementing forms of preparedness, protection, and security that are specifically targeted at societies and citizens. Applying the concept of sociotechnical imaginaries to civil defence history, the chapters of this volume cover a range of new themes, from technology and materiality to media, memory, and everyday experience. The book underlines the social embeddedness of civil defence by detailing how it both prompted new forms of social interaction and reflected norms and visions of the ‘good society’ in an age where nuclear technology seemed to hold the key to both doom and salvation.
    Keywords: Survival ; Resilience ; Disaster planning ; Terrorism ; Nuclear conflict ; Memory studies ; Materiality ; Everyday experience ; Cold War ; NATO ; Twentieth century ; open access ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JW Warfare and defence ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
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    Chapter 5 Mapping Punishment: Provincial Places to Dissect (2021)
    Springer Nature | Dissecting the Criminal Corpse | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Those convicted of homicide were hanged on the public gallows before being dissected under the Murder Act in Georgian England. Yet, from 1752, whether criminals actually died on the hanging tree or in the dissection room remained a medical mystery in early modern society. Dissecting the Criminal Corpse takes issue with the historical cliché of corpses dangling from the hangman’s rope in crime studies. Some convicted murderers did survive execution in early modern England. Establishing medical death in the heart-lungs-brain was a physical enigma. Criminals had large bull-necks, strong willpowers, and hearty survival instincts. Extreme hypothermia often disguised coma in a prisoner hanged in the winter cold. The youngest and fittest were capable of reviving on the dissection table. Many died under the lancet. Capital legislation disguised a complex medical choreography that surgeons staged. They broke the Hippocratic Oath by executing the Dangerous Dead across England from 1752 until 1832.
    Keywords: georgian england ; convicts ; murderers ; homicide ; early modern england ; murder act ; crime studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
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    Nonparametric Bayesian Learning for Collaborative Robot Multimodal Introspection (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer Singapore
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book focuses on robot introspection, which has a direct impact on physical human–robot interaction and long-term autonomy, and which can benefit from autonomous anomaly monitoring and diagnosis, as well as anomaly recovery strategies. In robotics, the ability to reason, solve their own anomalies and proactively enrich owned knowledge is a direct way to improve autonomous behaviors. To this end, the authors start by considering the underlying pattern of multimodal observation during robot manipulation, which can effectively be modeled as a parametric hidden Markov model (HMM). They then adopt a nonparametric Bayesian approach in defining a prior using the hierarchical Dirichlet process (HDP) on the standard HMM parameters, known as the Hierarchical Dirichlet Process Hidden Markov Model (HDP-HMM). The HDP-HMM can examine an HMM with an unbounded number of possible states and allows flexibility in the complexity of the learned model and the development of reliable and scalable variational inference methods. This book is a valuable reference resource for researchers and designers in the field of robot learning and multimodal perception, as well as for senior undergraduate and graduate university students.
    Keywords: Robotics and Automation ; Bayesian Inference ; Control, Robotics, Mechatronics ; Machine Learning ; Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics ; Robotic Engineering ; Control, Robotics, Automation ; Collaborative Robot Introspection ; Nonparametric Bayesian Inference ; Anomaly Monitoring and Diagnosis ; Multimodal Perception ; Anomaly Recovery ; Human-robot Collaboration ; Robot Safety and Protection ; Hidden Markov Model ; Robot Autonomous Manipulation ; open access ; Robotics ; Bayesian inference ; Automatic control engineering ; Electronic devices & materials ; Machine learning ; Mathematical modelling ; Maths for engineers ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering::TJFM1 Robotics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability and statistics::PBTB Bayesian inference ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQM Machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBW Applied mathematics::PBWH Mathematical modelling
    Language: English
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    A History of Male Psychological Disorders in Britain, 1945-1980 (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This book is open access under a CC BY license and explores the under-researched history of male mental illness from the mid-twentieth century. It argues that statistics suggesting women have been more vulnerable to depression and anxiety are misleading since they underplay a host of alternative presentations of 'distress' more common in men.
    Keywords: History of Science ; Social History ; History of Britain and Ireland ; Modern History ; Psychotherapy ; Gender Studies ; Mental illness ; gender ; masculinity ; psychosomatic illness ; alcoholism ; suicide ; general practice ; history ; alcohol ; anxiety ; coping ; depression ; health ; pharmacology ; stress ; women ; History of science ; Social & cultural history ; European history ; History ; Clinical psychology ; Gender studies, gender groups ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKM Clinical psychology::MKMT Psychotherapy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSF Gender studies, gender groups
    Language: English
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    Chapter 2 Becoming Really Dead: Dying by Degrees (2021)
    Springer Nature | Dissecting the Criminal Corpse | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Those convicted of homicide were hanged on the public gallows before being dissected under the Murder Act in Georgian England. Yet, from 1752, whether criminals actually died on the hanging tree or in the dissection room remained a medical mystery in early modern society. Dissecting the Criminal Corpse takes issue with the historical cliché of corpses dangling from the hangman’s rope in crime studies. Some convicted murderers did survive execution in early modern England. Establishing medical death in the heart-lungs-brain was a physical enigma. Criminals had large bull-necks, strong willpowers, and hearty survival instincts. Extreme hypothermia often disguised coma in a prisoner hanged in the winter cold. The youngest and fittest were capable of reviving on the dissection table. Many died under the lancet. Capital legislation disguised a complex medical choreography that surgeons staged. They broke the Hippocratic Oath by executing the Dangerous Dead across England from 1752 until 1832.
    Keywords: georgian england ; convicts ; murderers ; homicide ; early modern england ; murder act ; crime studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Communicative Figurations (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access volume assesses the influence of our changing media environment. Today, there is not one single medium that is the driving force of change. With the spread of various technical communication media such as mobile phones and internet platforms, we are confronted with a media manifold of deep mediatization. But how can we investigate its transformative capability? This book answers this question by taking a non-media-centric perspective, researching the various figurations of collectivities and organizations humans are involved in. The first part of the book outlines a fundamental understanding of the changing media environment of deep mediatization and its transformative capacity. The second part focuses on collectivities and movements: communities in the city, critical social movements, maker, online gaming groups and networked groups of young people. The third part moves institutions and organizations into the foreground, discussing the transformation of journalism, religion, politics, and education, whilst the fourth and final part is dedicated to methodologies and perspectives.
    Keywords: Media and Communication ; Cultural Anthropology ; Cultural Theory ; Social Structure, Social Inequality ; Political Communication ; Public Policy ; Sociocultural Anthropology ; Social Structure ; media communication ; culture and society ; media transformations ; technical communication media ; social relations and roles ; social fields and institutional dynamics ; identities and collectives ; public debate ; political decision-making ; media logic ; Mediatization ; open access ; Media studies ; Social & cultural anthropology ; Cultural studies ; Social & ethical issues ; Political science & theory ; Public administration ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPA Political science & theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPP Public administration
    Language: English
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    Towards a Systemic Theory of Irregular Migration (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book provides an alternative theoretical framework of irregular migration that allows to overcome many of the contradictions and theoretical impasses displayed by the majority of approaches in current literature. The analytical framework allows moving from an interpretation biased by methodological nationalism, to a more general systemic interpretation. It explains irregular migration as a structural phenomenon or contemporary society, and why state policies are greatly ineffective in their attempt to control irregular migration. It also explains irregular migration as a diversified phenomenon that relates to the social characteristics of the context, and why states accept irregular migrants. By providing new comparative, empirical, qualitative material which allows to start filling an evident gap in the current research on irregular migration, this book is of interest to graduate students, scholars and policy makers.
    Keywords: Migration ; irregular migration ; migration and integration ; modern state and society ; diversity ; open access ; social systems theory ; migration control ; citizenship ; Luhmann ; migration policy ; Migration, immigration & emigration ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFN Migration, immigration & emigration
    Language: English
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    Open Skies (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book on the history of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory covers the scientific discoveries and technical innovations of late 20th century radio astronomy with particular attention to the people and institutions involved. The authors have made extensive use of the NRAO Archives, which contain an unparalleled collection of documents pertaining to the history of radio astronomy, including the institutional records of NRAO as well as the personal papers of many of the pioneers of U.S. radio astronomy. Technical details and extensive citations to original sources are given in notes for the more technical readers, but are not required for an understanding of the body of the book. This book is intended for an audience ranging from interested lay readers to professional researchers studying the scientific, technical, political, and cultural development of a new science, and how it changed the course of 20th century astronomy.
    Keywords: Astronomy, Observations and Techniques ; History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics ; History of Science ; Philosophical Foundations of Physics and Astronomy ; Radio Astronomy in the USA ; NRAO ; Radio astronomers ; SETI ; Search for extraterrestrial intelligence ; Radio astronomy politics and culture ; Radio telescope construction ; open access ; Astronomy, space & time ; History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Psychosocial Experiences of African Migrants in Six European Countries (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book provides an empirical account of the psychological and social experiences of 3500 African migrants to 6 European countries: Germany, Spain, Italy, The Netherlands, France, and the UK. It discusses the psychosocial motivations for migration from Africa, who migrates where, and stressful pre- and post-migration factors affecting the social and psychological wellbeing of migrants. The book also includes a detailed exploration of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among African migrants. Addressing and offering solutions to pre- and post-migration problems in Africa and Europe as well as the problems associated with the perilous journeys involved, this unique study is a must-read for anyone interested in cross-cultural psychology and social science, and particularly in migration and mental health.
    Keywords: Cross Cultural Psychology ; Migration ; Development Studies ; Cross-Cultural Psychology ; Biotechnology ; African migration patterns ; trends in migrations ; theoretical approaches to migration ; migration and PTSS ; migration and PTSD ; migration to the EU ; social experiences of migrants ; varieties of migrants ; consequences of migration ; open access ; Social, group or collective psychology ; Migration, immigration & emigration ; Development studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMH Social, group or collective psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFN Migration, immigration & emigration ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTF Development studies
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    Creating Resilient Futures (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access edited volume critically examines a coherence building opportunity between Climate Change Adaptation, the Sustainable Development Goals and Disaster Risk Reduction agendas through presenting best practice approaches, and supporting Irish and international case studies. The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted existing global inequalities and demonstrated the scope and scale of cascading socio-ecological impacts. The impacts of climate change on our global communities will likely dwarf the disruption brought on by the pandemic, and moreover, these impacts will be more diffuse and pervasive over a longer timeframe. This edited volume considers opportunities to address global challenges in the context of developing resilience as an integrated development continuum instead of through independent and siloed agendas.
    Keywords: sustainability ; disaster risk reduction ; resilience ; sustainable development ; SDGs ; climate change adapatation ; climate change ; climate risks ; sustainability theory ; open access ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGB Physical geography and topography ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies
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    Data Privacy and Trust in Cloud Computing (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book brings together perspectives from multiple disciplines including psychology, law, IS, and computer science on data privacy and trust in the cloud. Cloud technology has fueled rapid, dramatic technological change, enabling a level of connectivity that has never been seen before in human history. However, this brave new world comes with problems. Several high-profile cases over the last few years have demonstrated cloud computing's uneasy relationship with data security and trust. This volume explores the numerous technological, process and regulatory solutions presented in academic literature as mechanisms for building trust in the cloud, including GDPR in Europe. The massive acceleration of digital adoption resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic is introducing new and significant security and privacy threats and concerns. Against this backdrop, this book provides a timely reference and organising framework for considering how we will assure privacy and build trust in such a hyper-connected digitally dependent world. This book presents a framework for assurance and accountability in the cloud and reviews the literature on trust, data privacy and protection, and ethics in cloud computing.
    Keywords: Innovation/Technology Management ; Big Data/Analytics ; Security ; e-Commerce/e-business ; Business and Management ; IT in Business ; Computer Science ; e-Commerce and e-Business ; GDPR ; Data regulation ; accountability ; ethics in computing ; HIPAA ; it ; information management ; internet ; open access ; Research & development management ; Industrial applications of scientific research & technological innovation ; Business mathematics & systems ; Computer security ; Business applications ; E-commerce: business aspects ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV6 Research & development management ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJQ Business mathematics & systems ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UR Computer security ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UF Business applications
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    Good Research Practice in Non-Clinical Pharmacology and Biomedicine (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This open access book, published under a CC BY 4.0 license in the Pubmed indexed book series Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, provides up-to-date information on best practice to improve experimental design and quality of research in non-clinical pharmacology and biomedicine.
    Keywords: Pharmacology/Toxicology ; Neurosciences ; Cardiology ; Oncology ; Pharmacology ; Neuroscience ; Internal Medicine ; reproducibility ; study design ; data analysis ; data reporting ; data integrity ; quality management ; open access ; Cardiovascular medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJD Cardiovascular medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCL Oncology
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    Textbook of Patient Safety and Clinical Risk Management (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Implementing safety practices in healthcare saves lives and improves the quality of care: it is therefore vital to apply good clinical practices, such as the WHO surgical checklist, to adopt the most appropriate measures for the prevention of assistance-related risks, and to identify the potential ones using tools such as reporting & learning systems. The culture of safety in the care environment and of human factors influencing it should be developed from the beginning of medical studies and in the first years of professional practice, in order to have the maximum impact on clinicians' and nurses' behavior. Medical errors tend to vary with the level of proficiency and experience, and this must be taken into account in adverse events prevention. Human factors assume a decisive importance in resilient organizations, and an understanding of risk control and containment is fundamental for all medical and surgical specialties. This open access book offers recommendations and examples of how to improve patient safety by changing practices, introducing organizational and technological innovations, and creating effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable care systems, in order to spread the quality and patient safety culture among the new generation of healthcare professionals, and is intended for residents and young professionals in different clinical specialties.
    Keywords: Internal Medicine ; Surgery ; Risk Management ; Drug Safety and Pharmacovigilance ; Laboratory Medicine ; IT Risk Management ; Biomedical Research ; patient safety ; clinical risk management ; medical errors ; reliability organization ; ergonomics and human factors ; patient engagement ; open access ; Clinical & internal medicine ; Management & management techniques ; Pharmacology ; Medical laboratory testing & techniques ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MN Surgery ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBG Medical equipment and techniques::MBGL Medical laboratory testing and techniques
    Language: English
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    The Innovation Revolution in Agriculture (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book is an important reframing of the role of innovation in agriculture. Dr. Campos and his distinguished coauthors address the need for agriculture to feed a growing global population with a reduced environmental footprint while adapting to and mitigating the effects of changing climate. The authors expand the customary discussion of innovation in terms of supply driven R&D to focus on the returns to investors and most importantly, the value to end-users. This is brought to life by exploring effective business models and many cases from agricultural systems across the globe. The focus on converting the results of innovation in R&D into adoption by farmers and other end-users is its greatest contribution. Many lessons from the book can be applied to private and public sectors across an array of agricultural systems. This book will be of enormous value to agri-business professionals, NGO leaders, agricultural and development researchers and those funding innovation and agriculture across the private and public sectors. Tony Cavalieri, Senior Program Officer, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Hugo Campos, Ph.D., MBA, has 20+ years of international corporate and development experience. His distinguished coauthors represent a rich collection of successful innovation practice in industry, consultancy, international development and academy, in both developed and developing countries.”
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Innovation/Technology Management ; Business and Management ; value creation ; business model ; agricultural innovation ; open innovation ; design thinking ; open access ; Agricultural science ; Research & development management ; Industrial applications of scientific research & technological innovation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVB Agricultural science ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV6 Research and development management
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    The Impact of Digital Technologies on Public Health in Developed and Developing Countries (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Conference on String Processing and Information Retrieval, ICOST 2020, held in Hammamet, Tunisia, in June 2020.* The 17 full papers and 23 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 49 submissions. They cover topics such as: IoT and AI solutions for e-health; biomedical and health informatics; behavior and activity monitoring; behavior and activity monitoring; and wellbeing technology. *This conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Keywords: Computer Communication Networks ; Artificial Intelligence ; Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet) ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems ; Computer System Implementation ; User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction ; Computer and Information Systems Applications ; open access ; artificial intelligence ; communication systems ; computer vision ; databases ; hci ; human-computer interaction ; image processing ; Internet of Things ; IoT ; machine learning ; network protocols ; sensors ; signal processing ; software architecture ; software design ; telecommunication networks ; telecommunication systems ; user interfaces ; wireless telecommunication systems ; Network hardware ; Artificial intelligence ; Information retrieval ; Internet searching ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; Systems analysis & design ; User interface design & usability ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware::UKN Network hardware ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYD Systems analysis and design ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZG User interface design and usability
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    The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: This open access volume will introduce recent discoveries in cancer metabolism since the publication of the first edition in 2018, providing readers with an up-to-date understanding of developments in the field. Genetic alterations in cancer, in addition to being the fundamental drivers of tumorigenesis, can give rise to a variety of metabolic adaptations that allow cancer cells to survive and proliferate in diverse tumor microenvironments. This metabolic flexibility is different from normal cellular metabolic processes and leads to heterogeneity in cancer metabolism within the same cancer type or even within the same tumor. In this book, the authors delve into the complexity and diversity of cancer metabolism and highlight how understanding the heterogeneity of cancer metabolism is fundamental to the development of effective metabolism-based therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. Deciphering how cancer cells utilize various nutrient resources will enable clinicians and researchers to pair specific chemotherapeutic agents with patients who are most likely to respond with positive outcomes, allowing for more cost-effective and personalized cancer treatment. This book has four major parts. Part one will cover the basic metabolism of cancer cells, followed by a discussion of the heterogeneity of cancer metabolism in part two. Part three addresses the relationship between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts, and the new part four will explore the metabolic interplay between cancer and other diseases. This new section makes the book unique from other texts currently available on the market. The second edition will be useful for cancer metabolism researchers, cancer biologists, epidemiologists, physicians, health care professionals in related disciplines, policymakers, marketing and economic strategists, among others. It may also be used in courses such as intro to cancer metabolism, cancer biology, and related biochemistry courses for undergraduate and graduate students.
    Keywords: Cancer Research ; Cancer Metabolism ; Cancer Therapy ; Cancer Biology ; open access ; personalized cancer treatment ; glucose metabolism ; glutamine metabolism ; metabolism biomarkers ; metabolic pathways ; drug treatments ; glioblastoma ; pancreatic cancer ; breast cancer ; renal cell carcinoma ; non-hodgkin's lymphoma ; cancer-associated fibroblasts ; tumor microenvironment ; covid-19 ; diabetes ; cardiovascular diseases ; gene profiles ; chemotherapeutic agenet ; clinical trials ; Oncology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCL Oncology
    Language: English
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    Structural Health Monitoring Damage Detection Systems for Aerospace (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book presents established methods of structural health monitoring (SHM) and discusses their technological merit in the current aerospace environment. While the aerospace industry aims for weight reduction to improve fuel efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and to decrease maintenance time and operating costs, aircraft structures are often designed and built heavier than required in order to accommodate unpredictable failure. A way to overcome this approach is the use of SHM systems to detect the presence of defects. This book covers all major contemporary aerospace-relevant SHM methods, from the basics of each method to the various defect types that SHM is required to detect to discussion of signal processing developments alongside considerations of aerospace safety requirements. It will be of interest to professionals in industry and academic researchers alike, as well as engineering students. This article/publication is based upon work from COST Action CA18203 (ODIN - http://odin-cost.com/), supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. Our Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career and innovation.
    Keywords: Structural health monitoring ; Aerospace monitoring ; Nondestructive evaluation ; Acoustic emission ; Guided waves ; Vibration monitoring ; Acousto-ultrasonics ; Fiber optical sensors ; Defect types ; Aerospace requirements ; open access ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades::TRP Aerospace and aviation technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFC Electronics: circuits and components ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDD Scientific standards, measurement etc ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTB Applied optics::TTBM Imaging systems and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science::TGMD Engineering: Mechanics of solids
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    Chapter 4 Delivering Post-Mortem Harm: Cutting the Corpse (2021)
    Springer Nature | Dissecting the Criminal Corpse | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Those convicted of homicide were hanged on the public gallows before being dissected under the Murder Act in Georgian England. Yet, from 1752, whether criminals actually died on the hanging tree or in the dissection room remained a medical mystery in early modern society. Dissecting the Criminal Corpse takes issue with the historical cliché of corpses dangling from the hangman’s rope in crime studies. Some convicted murderers did survive execution in early modern England. Establishing medical death in the heart-lungs-brain was a physical enigma. Criminals had large bull-necks, strong willpowers, and hearty survival instincts. Extreme hypothermia often disguised coma in a prisoner hanged in the winter cold. The youngest and fittest were capable of reviving on the dissection table. Many died under the lancet. Capital legislation disguised a complex medical choreography that surgeons staged. They broke the Hippocratic Oath by executing the Dangerous Dead across England from 1752 until 1832.
    Keywords: georgian england ; convicts ; murderers ; homicide ; early modern england ; murder act ; crime studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    The Life of Breath in Literature, Culture and Medicine (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: This open access book studies breath and breathing in literature and culture and provides crucial insights into the history of medicine, health and the emotions, the foundations of beliefs concerning body, spirit and world, the connections between breath and creativity and the phenomenology of breath and breathlessness. Contributions span the classical, medieval, early modern, Romantic, Victorian, modern and contemporary periods, drawing on medical writings, philosophy, theology and the visual arts as well as on literary, historical and cultural studies. The collection illustrates the complex significance and symbolic power of breath and breathlessness across time: breath is written deeply into ideas of nature, spirituality, emotion, creativity and being, and is inextricable from notions of consciousness, spirit, inspiration, voice, feeling, freedom and movement. The volume also demonstrates the long-standing connections between breath and place, politics and aesthetics, illuminating both contrasts and continuities.
    Keywords: health humanities ; medical humanities ; breath in literature ; COPD ; breathlessness ; literature and science ; Open Access ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Chapter 1 The Condemned Body Leaving the Courtroom (2021)
    Springer Nature | Dissecting the Criminal Corpse | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Those convicted of homicide were hanged on the public gallows before being dissected under the Murder Act in Georgian England. Yet, from 1752, whether criminals actually died on the hanging tree or in the dissection room remained a medical mystery in early modern society. Dissecting the Criminal Corpse takes issue with the historical cliché of corpses dangling from the hangman’s rope in crime studies. Some convicted murderers did survive execution in early modern England. Establishing medical death in the heart-lungs-brain was a physical enigma. Criminals had large bull-necks, strong willpowers, and hearty survival instincts. Extreme hypothermia often disguised coma in a prisoner hanged in the winter cold. The youngest and fittest were capable of reviving on the dissection table. Many died under the lancet. Capital legislation disguised a complex medical choreography that surgeons staged. They broke the Hippocratic Oath by executing the Dangerous Dead across England from 1752 until 1832.
    Keywords: georgian england ; convicts ; murderers ; homicide ; early modern england ; murder act ; crime studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
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    Chapter 4 A Few Deaths from Hunger Is Nothing (2021)
    Springer Nature | A History of Force Feeding | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: It is the first monograph-length study of the force-feeding of hunger strikers in English, Irish and Northern Irish prisons. It examines ethical debates that arose throughout the twentieth century when governments authorised the force-feeding of imprisoned suffragettes, Irish republicans and convict prisoners. It also explores the fraught role of prison doctors called upon to perform the procedure. Since the Home Office first authorised force-feeding in 1909, a number of questions have been raised about the procedure. Is force-feeding safe? Can it kill? Are doctors who feed prisoners against their will abandoning the medical ethical norms of their profession? And do state bodies use prison doctors to help tackle political dissidence at times of political crisis?
    Keywords: force-feeding ; northern irish prisons ; hunger strikers ; irish prisons ; ethics ; prison doctors ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Beyond Media Borders, Volume 2 (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book promotes the idea that all media types are multimodal and that comparing media types, through an intermedial lens, necessarily involves analysing these multimodal traits. The collection includes a series of interconnected articles that illustrate and clarify how the concepts developed in Elleström’s influential article The Modalities of Media: A Model for Understanding Intermedial Relations (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010) can be used for methodical investigation and interpretation of media traits and media interrelations. The authors work with a wide range of old and new media types that are traditionally investigated through limited, media-specific concepts. The publication is a significant contribution to interdisciplinary research, advancing the frontiers of conceptual as well as practical understanding of media interrelations. This is the second of two volumes. It contains a concluding article by Elleström and seven contributions concentrated on the issue of media transformations: how media characteristics are transferred and transfigured among various media products and media types.
    Keywords: Media and Communication ; Digital/New Media ; Semiotics ; Digital and New Media ; Intermediality ; Transmediality ; Multimodality ; Media modalities ; Transmediation ; Hypermediality ; open access ; Media studies ; Media studies: Internet, digital media & society ; Semiotics / semiology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTE Semiotics / semiology
    Language: English
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    Harnessing the Power of the Criminal Corpse (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This open access book is the culmination of many years of research on what happened to the bodies of executed criminals in the past. Focusing on the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, it looks at the consequences of the 1752 Murder Act. These criminal bodies had a crucial role in the history of medicine, and the history of crime, and great symbolic resonance in literature and popular culture. Starting with a consideration of the criminal corpse in the medieval and early modern periods, chapters go on to review the histories of criminal justice, of medical history and of gibbeting under the Murder Act, and ends with some discussion of the afterlives of the corpse, in literature, folklore and in contemporary medical ethics. Using sophisticated insights from cultural history, archaeology, literature, philosophy and ethics as well as medical and crime history, this book is a uniquely interdisciplinary take on a fascinating historical phenomenon.
    Keywords: History ; Great Britain—History ; History ; Crime—Sociological aspects ; Historical sociology ; Social history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JK Social services and welfare, criminology::JKV Crime and criminology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Bearing Witness (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book is the biography of one of Britain’s foremost animal welfare campaigners and of the world of activism, science, and politics she inhabited. In 1964, Ruth Harrison’s bestseller Animal Machines triggered a gear change in modern animal protection by popularising the term ‘factory farming’ alongside a new way of thinking about animal welfare. Here, historian Claas Kirchhelle explores Harrison’s avant-garde upbringing, Quakerism, and how animal welfare debates were linked to concerns about the wider ethical and environmental trajectories of post-war Britain. Breaking the myth of Harrison as a one-hit wonder, Kirchhelle reconstructs Harrison’s 46 years of campaigning and the rapid transformation of welfare politics and science during this time. Exacerbated by Harrison’s own actions, the decades after 1964 saw a polarisation of animal politics, a professionalisation of British activism, and the rise of a new animal welfare science. Harrison’s belief in incremental reform allowed her to form ties to leading scientists but alienated her from more radical campaigners. Many of her 1964 demands gradually became part of mainstream politics. However, farm animal welfare’s increasing marketisation has also led to a relative divorce from the wider agenda of social improvement that Harrison once bore witness to. This is the first book to cast light on the interlinked histories of British farm animal welfare activism, science, and legislation. Its unique scope allows it to go beyond existing accounts of modern British animal welfare and will be of interest to those interested in animal welfare, environmentalism, and the behavioural sciences.
    Keywords: History of Science ; Animal Welfare/Animal Ethics ; History of Medicine ; History of Britain and Ireland ; Social History ; Animal Ethics ; Animal Machines ; UK government ; Brambell Committee ; Campaign ; Factory farms ; Veterinary science ; Animal psychology ; Animal emotions ; Farming standards ; Agricultural legislation ; Farm Animal Care Trust (FACT) ; Animal welfare post-Brexit ; Political debate ; Environmentalism ; Open Access ; Veterinary medicine ; Bioethics ; European history ; Social & cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MZ Veterinary medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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    Chapter Bibliography (2021)
    Springer Nature | A History of Force Feeding | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: It is the first monograph-length study of the force-feeding of hunger strikers in English, Irish and Northern Irish prisons. It examines ethical debates that arose throughout the twentieth century when governments authorised the force-feeding of imprisoned suffragettes, Irish republicans and convict prisoners. It also explores the fraught role of prison doctors called upon to perform the procedure. Since the Home Office first authorised force-feeding in 1909, a number of questions have been raised about the procedure. Is force-feeding safe? Can it kill? Are doctors who feed prisoners against their will abandoning the medical ethical norms of their profession? And do state bodies use prison doctors to help tackle political dissidence at times of political crisis?
    Keywords: force-feeding ; northern irish prisons ; hunger strikers ; irish prisons ; ethics ; prison doctors ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Benefit/Cost-Driven Software Development (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book presents a set of basic techniques for estimating the benefit of IT development projects and portfolios. It also offers methods for monitoring how much of that estimated benefit is being achieved during projects. Readers can then use these benefit estimates together with cost estimates to create a benefit/cost index to help them decide which functionalities to send into construction and in what order. This allows them to focus on constructing the functionality that offers the best value for money at an early stage. Although benefits management involves a wide range of activities in addition to estimation and monitoring, the techniques in this book provides a clear guide to achieving what has always been the goal of project and portfolio stakeholders: developing systems that produce as much usefulness and value as possible for the money invested. The techniques can also help deal with vicarious motives and obstacles that prevent this happening. The book equips readers to recognize when a project budget should not be spent in full and resources be allocated elsewhere in a portfolio instead. It also provides development managers and upper management with common ground as a basis for making informed decisions.
    Keywords: Mathematical Software ; Software Engineering ; open access ; benefits management ; benefit points ; earned business ; value management ; benefit/costs index ; uncertainty assessment ; periodization ; Mathematical & statistical software ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UF Business applications::UFM Mathematical and statistical software ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering
    Language: English
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    Teaching Multiplication with Lesson Study (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book is intended to assist teachers, teacher trainers, curriculum designers, editors and authors of textbooks in developing strategies to teach the multiplication of natural numbers based on the experience of the Lesson Study in Japan. This approach to mathematics education dates back to the 1870s and reconciles the emphasis on problem solving with the treatment of the curricular contents. It has gained international recognition since the 1990s and thanks to it mathematics education in Japan has been recognized as one of the most efficient and innovative in the world. This growing international awareness has led to an effort to apply the principles of Lesson Study to other parts of the world and this book shows how experienced authors from Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Spain and Portugal have worked to adapt some of these methods and techniques to the Portuguese and Spanish speaking countries of Ibero-America. Drawing on the impact of Lesson Study on government curriculum decisions and teacher behavior in Japanese classrooms; offering examples of lessons, lesson plans and suggestions for teaching; and presenting examples of the good reception of the principles of Lesson Study in Ibero-America, Teaching Multiplication with Lesson Study – Japanese and Ibero-American Theories for Mathematics Education shows how an efficient and cutting-edge experience in mathematics education can travel the world and help teachers in many different countries. ; Shows how teachers can apply the principles of Japanese Lesson Study to teach the multiplication of natural numbers Presents an approach to mathematics education that reconciles the emphasis on problem solving with the treatment of the curricular contents Provides examples of how a method developed in Japan can be adapted to different cultural contexts, such as the Portuguese and Spanish speaking countries of Ibero-America
    Keywords: Mathematics Education ; Teaching and Teacher Education ; Curriculum Studies ; International and Comparative Education ; Curriculum ; Lesson study ; Teaching multiplication ; Comparative education ; Ethnomathematics ; Mathematics education in Japan ; Mathematics education in Latin America ; Learning to multiply ; Multiply by zero ; Multiplication facts ; Multiplication properties ; Algorithms to multiply ; Vertical multiplication ; Mathematics teacher education ; Instructional activities and practices ; Elementary school education ; Problem solving ; Mathematics textbooks ; open access ; Teaching of a specific subject ; Mathematics ; Teacher training ; Curriculum planning & development ; Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNU Teaching of a specific subject ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education::JNMT Teacher training ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNK Organization & management of education::JNKC Curriculum planning & development ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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