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  • 1
    Keywords: Environmental sciences Social aspects. ; Grassland ecology. ; Environmental management. ; Environmental Social Sciences. ; Grassland Ecology. ; Environmental Management.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1-Introduction to the Third Pole -- 2-Overview of the Third Pole’s Grasslands -- 3-Third Pole’s Grasslands in the Global Context -- 4-Grassland Plant-soil interfaces -- 5-Grassland biodiversity and conservation -- 6-Grassland ecosystem function and service -- 7-Grazing management and pastoral production -- 8-Grassland Social-ecological systems -- 9-Grassland degradation and restoration -- 10-Climate change and adaptation of Grassland -- 11-Future of the Third Pole’s Grasslands.
    Abstract: This book comprehensively covers the topics of origin and distribution, evolution and types, regional and global importance, biodiversity conservation, plant-soil interfaces, ecosystem functions and services, social-ecological systems, climate change adaptations, land degradation and restoration, grazing management and pastoral production, and sustainable future of the grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), which is a globally unique eco-region called the "Roof of the World" because of its high elevation, “Third Pole on Earth" because of its alpine environment and the "Water Tower in Asia" because of its headwater location. The grassland ecosystem covers above 60% of QTP, which is about 2.5 million km2, 1/4 of Chinese total territorial lands. The grassland ecosystem of the QTP (the Third Pole) is an important part of the palaearctic region, which features alpine cover and low oxygen. The Third Pole's grasslands not only provide important ecosystem functions such as biodiversity conservation, carbon storage, water resource regulation, climate control, and natural disaster mitigation at a global scale, but also provide critical ecosystem services such as pastoral production, cultural inheritance, and tourism and recreation at local and regional scales. The purposes of this monograph are to address the following questions: (1) What are the special features of the Third Pole's grasslands? (2) How have climate changes and human activities changed the structures and functions of the Third Pole's grasslands? (3) How can we cope with land degradation and climate change through innovative restoration and protective actions for Third Pole's grasslands? And (4) How can we promote the sustainable development of social-ecological systems of the Third Pole's grasslands through best management practices including grazing? The goal of this book is to attract the attention of international audiences to realize the importance of the Third Pole’s grasslands, and to call for the actions of global communities to effectively protect and sustainably use the Third Pole's grasslands. This book can be served as textbooks, teaching materials and documentaries for different audiences. The target audiences include students, teachers, researchers, policy makers, planners, government officials, and NGOs in agricultural, environmental and natural resources sectors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXV, 358 p. 233 illus., 165 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031394850
    DDC: 304.2
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book focuses on robot introspection, which has a direct impact on physical human–robot interaction and long-term autonomy, and which can benefit from autonomous anomaly monitoring and diagnosis, as well as anomaly recovery strategies. In robotics, the ability to reason, solve their own anomalies and proactively enrich owned knowledge is a direct way to improve autonomous behaviors. To this end, the authors start by considering the underlying pattern of multimodal observation during robot manipulation, which can effectively be modeled as a parametric hidden Markov model (HMM). They then adopt a nonparametric Bayesian approach in defining a prior using the hierarchical Dirichlet process (HDP) on the standard HMM parameters, known as the Hierarchical Dirichlet Process Hidden Markov Model (HDP-HMM). The HDP-HMM can examine an HMM with an unbounded number of possible states and allows flexibility in the complexity of the learned model and the development of reliable and scalable variational inference methods. This book is a valuable reference resource for researchers and designers in the field of robot learning and multimodal perception, as well as for senior undergraduate and graduate university students.
    Keywords: Robotics and Automation ; Bayesian Inference ; Control, Robotics, Mechatronics ; Machine Learning ; Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics ; Robotic Engineering ; Control, Robotics, Automation ; Collaborative Robot Introspection ; Nonparametric Bayesian Inference ; Anomaly Monitoring and Diagnosis ; Multimodal Perception ; Anomaly Recovery ; Human-robot Collaboration ; Robot Safety and Protection ; Hidden Markov Model ; Robot Autonomous Manipulation ; open access ; Robotics ; Bayesian inference ; Automatic control engineering ; Electronic devices & materials ; Machine learning ; Mathematical modelling ; Maths for engineers ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering::TJFM1 Robotics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability and statistics::PBTB Bayesian inference ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQM Machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBW Applied mathematics::PBWH Mathematical modelling
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book mainly focuses on the safe control of robot manipulators. The control schemes are mainly developed based on dynamic neural network, which is an important theoretical branch of deep reinforcement learning. In order to enhance the safety performance of robot systems, the control strategies include adaptive tracking control for robots with model uncertainties, compliance control in uncertain environments, obstacle avoidance in dynamic workspace. The idea for this book on solving safe control of robot arms was conceived during the industrial applications and the research discussion in the laboratory. Most of the materials in this book are derived from the authors’ papers published in journals, such as IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, neurocomputing, etc. This book can be used as a reference book for researcher and designer of the robotic systems and AI based controllers, and can also be used as a reference book for senior undergraduate and graduate students in colleges and universities.
    Keywords: Robotics and Automation ; Control and Systems Theory ; Artificial Intelligence ; Robotic Engineering ; Safe Control ; Deep Reinforcement Learning ; Recurrent Neural Network ; Force Control ; Obstacle Ovoidance ; Adaptive Control ; Trajectory Tracking ; Open Access ; Robotics ; Automatic control engineering ; Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering::TJFM1 Robotics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-03-06
    Description: Numerical prediction of landslide runout and deposition is important for estimating landslide risk and developing mitigation plans. The choice of a suitable model and its parameters and a confident calibration strategy are crucial for numerical simulations. Here, we evaluated two constitutive models with a three‐dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method by simulating the catastrophic 11 October 2018 Baige landslide. The results indicate that both the soil mechanic and fluid models can capture the dynamic runout and deposition morphology while using different values of input parameters. A point‐wise comparison of deposit elevation can minimize the calibration error. Numerical models were constrained accurately by utilizing both the static observation data and dynamic seismic signals. The effects of friction on deep‐seated landslides motion and deposition are more significant than cohesion. The 3D model includes the effects of shear stresses and velocities inside the material body, resulting in a reduced friction coefficient compared to the 2D model (e.g., depth‐averaged model). Our study highlights the potential of the 3D SPH method for modeling large‐scale complex landslides.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Landslides belong to a type of earth surface process recognized by their high damage potential. Computer models can simulate the landslides' movement to predict speed, forces, and deposition, which can help to delineate areas at risk and to design mitigation measures. We simulated the 2018 Baige landslide in China with a method known as smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), to test whether it is suitable for landslide simulation and to investigate protocols for model calibration when including seismic data in addition to information on the landslide's deposit. In this method, the landslide body is represented by millions of small, moving, interacting particles, which offers advantages over established models in terms of computation time and details in the simulation. We find that SPH is suitable for modeling large‐scale natural landslides. The seismic data are more valuable in the model calibration than landslide deposit observations. The new approach yields landslide simulations that deliver more details on particle velocities within the landslide body, and their spatial and temporal distribution. These details can be used to infer the properties of landslides during the sliding process, which helps to better understand landslides in general and to set up models for events where little data are available.
    Description: Key Points: A three‐dimensional mesh‐less graphics processing unit‐accelerated smoothed particle hydrodynamics formulation is suitable for modeling large‐scale natural landslides. The selection of an appropriate constitutive model depends on the landslide features and materials. Including dynamic seismic signals into numerical model calibration routines in addition to topographic changes improves calibration.
    Description: National Natural Science Foundation of China http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809
    Description: Sichuan Science and Technology Program
    Description: Helmholtz‐ocpc Postdoc Program fellowship
    Description: Sino‐German Mobility programme
    Description: Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004739
    Description: https://figshare.com/articles/software/LOQUAT-master_zip/20486088
    Description: https://10.0.20.161/zenodo.7408675
    Keywords: ddc:551.3 ; landslides ; numerical modeling ; constitutive model ; model calibration routines ; friction ; cohesion
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-12-13
    Description: Toll-like receptor-mediated NF-κB activation is a major innate immune reaction of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) in response to prooxidative and proinflammatory stimuli. We identified that TNF-α receptor-associated factor-interacting protein with a forkhead-associated domain (TIFA) is a regulator of priming (signal 1) and activating (signal 2) signals of nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in ECs. Oxidative and inflammatory stresses such as atheroprone flow and hyperlipidemia induce and activate TIFA in vitro and in vivo. For the priming of signal 1, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 transactivates TIFA, which in turn induces NF-κB activation and augments the transcription of NLRP3 inflammasome components. For the activation of signal 2, Akt is involved in TIFA Thr9 phosphorylation, which is essential for TIFA–TIFA homophilic oligomerization. Thr9 phosphorylation-dependent TIFA oligomerization facilitates the higher-order assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome, as indicated by the interaction between TIFA and caspase-1 in the activated ECs. Our results suggest that TIFA is a crucial mediator in the endothelial innate immune response by potentiating and amplifying NLRP3 inflammasome via augmenting signals 1 and 2.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2018-04-09
    Description: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) promotes lung cancer malignant progression. Here, we take advantage of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated somatic gene knockout in aKrasG12D/+mouse model to identify bona fide TSGs. From individual knockout of 55 potential TSGs, we identify five genes, includingUtx,Ptip,Acp5,Acacb, andClu, whose knockout significantly promotes lung tumorigenesis. These candidate genes are frequently down-regulated in human lung cancer specimens and significantly associated with survival in patients with lung cancer. Through crossing the conditionalUtxknockout allele to theKrasG12D/+mouse model, we further find thatUtxdeletion dramatically promotes lung cancer progression. The tumor-promotive effect ofUtxknockout in vivo is mainly mediated through an increase of the EZH2 level, which up-regulates the H3K27me3 level. Moreover, theUtx-knockout lung tumors are preferentially sensitive to EZH2 inhibitor treatment. Collectively, our study provides a systematic screening of TSGs in vivo and identifies UTX as an important epigenetic regulator in lung tumorigenesis.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-09-16
    Description: We present a machine learning-based method for tomographic reconstruction of dense layered objects, with range of projection angles limited to ±10○. Whereas previous approaches to phase tomography generally require 2 steps, first to retrieve phase projections from intensity projections and then to perform tomographic reconstruction on the retrieved phase projections, in our work a physics-informed preprocessor followed by a deep neural network (DNN) conduct the 3-dimensional reconstruction directly from the intensity projections. We demonstrate this single-step method experimentally in the visible optical domain on a scaled-up integrated circuit phantom. We show that even under conditions of highly attenuated photon fluxes a DNN trained only on synthetic data can be used to successfully reconstruct physical samples disjoint from the synthetic training set. Thus, the need for producing a large number of physical examples for training is ameliorated. The method is generally applicable to tomography with electromagnetic or other types of radiation at all bands.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2018-10-22
    Description: Whole-exome sequencing has been successful in identifying genetic factors contributing to familial or sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, this approach has not been applied to explore the impact of de novo mutations on PD pathogenesis. Here, we sequenced the exomes of 39 early onset patients, their parents, and 20 unaffected siblings to investigate the effects of de novo mutations on PD. We identified 12 genes with de novo mutations (MAD1L1,NUP98,PPP2CB,PKMYT1,TRIM24,CEP131,CTTNBP2,NUS1,SMPD3,MGRN1,IFI35, andRUSC2), which could be functionally relevant to PD pathogenesis. Further analyses of two independent case-control cohorts (1,852 patients and 1,565 controls in one cohort and 3,237 patients and 2,858 controls in the other) revealed thatNUS1harbors significantly more rare nonsynonymous variants (P= 1.01E-5, odds ratio = 11.3) in PD patients than in controls. Functional studies inDrosophilademonstrated that the loss ofNUS1could reduce the climbing ability, dopamine level, and number of dopaminergic neurons in 30-day-old flies and could induce apoptosis in fly brain. Together, our data suggest that de novo mutations could contribute to early onset PD pathogenesis and identifyNUS1as a candidate gene for PD.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2016-09-28
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-06-28
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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