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  • Electron microscopy  (1,196)
  • phosphorus  (681)
  • Chemical Engineering
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
  • Polymer and Materials Science
  • Springer  (1,878)
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  • 1
    Unknown
    Kent and Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Biomass conversion ; Biotechnology ; Chemical Engineering ; Chemistry industry ; Industrial Chemistry ; Kent ; Riegel ; biochemical engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: Substantially revising and updating the classic reference in the field, this handbook offers a valuable overview and myriad details on current chemical processes, products, and practices. No other source offers as much data on the chemistry, engineering, economics, and infrastructure of the industry. The Handbook serves a spectrum of individuals, from those who are directly involved in the chemical industry to others in related industries and activities. It provides not only the underlying science and technology for important industry sectors, but also broad coverage of critical supporting topics. Industrial processes and products can be much enhanced through observing the tenets and applying the methodologies found in chapters on Green Engineering and Chemistry (specifically, biomass conversion), Practical Catalysis, and Environmental Measurements; as well as expanded treatment of Safety, chemistry plant security, and Emergency Preparedness. Understanding these factors allows them to be part of the total process and helps achieve optimum results in, for example, process development, review, and modification. Important topics in the energy field, namely nuclear, coal, natural gas, and petroleum, are covered in individual chapters. Other new chapters include energy conversion, energy storage, emerging nanoscience and technology. Updated sections include more material on biomass conversion, as well as three chapters covering biotechnology topics, namely, Industrial Biotechnology, Industrial Enzymes, and Industrial Production of Therapeutic Proteins.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 1562 pages)
    ISBN: 9780387278438
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-27843-8
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of the illumination time when treating port-wine stains (1995)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 10 (1995), S. 93-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Copper vapour laser ; Electron microscopy ; Illumination time ; Numerical modelling ; Optimal treatment ; Port-wine stain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports the electron microscopy results obtained from two patients who were treated with 5 W of yellow (578 nm) light from a copper vapour laser with an illumination time of 3.6 ms and a 0.3 mm spot diameter. The endpoint of treatment was transient blanching. Following treatment, erythema was observed. There was minimal damage to the epidermis and non-vascular tissue such as the nerve fibres. There was severe damage to the endothelial cells of the ectatic vessels. Twenty-four hours after treatment, platelet activation and collagen were present, indicating that these vessels were no longer viable. Theoretical calculations are used to determine the flow of heat within and away from a 50μm diameter vessel. From this, heating of the entire vessel is shown to occur with illumination times of 4 ms, with minimal heating of the non-vascular tissue. Shorter illuminations do not heat the entire vessel, while the use of longer illumination times will cause excessive damage to the surrounding non-vascular tissue. Illumination times close to 4 ms must be regarded as optimal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02150846
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histomorphological aspects of vascular anastomosis established by laser (1991)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 6 (1991), S. 363-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Laser vascular welding ; Tissue fusion ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The central problem in microsurgery is the reconstruction of small vessels. The long operating time, foreign body granuloma formation around the suture material as well as aneurysmal alterations of the vessel wall after conventional suture technique make the search for alternatives indispensable. Some of these disadvantages can be avoided as demonstrated by our animal experiments and histological examinations in laser-assisted anastomosing. The aim of this study is to show these aspects in connection with laser application and compare them with conventional suture techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02030894
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the short-time staining for the electron microscopic investigation of the crystallization of polyethylene (1983)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 261 (1983), S. 373-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; short-time staining ; nodular structure ; crystallization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01413947
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the morphology of oriented nylon-12 (1985)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 263 (1985), S. 116-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; staining ; morphology ; nylon-12 ; orientation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The morphology of drawn and annealed sheets of nylon-12 was investigated by transmission electron microscopy of stained sections, and the results compared with equivalent small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) patterns. A three-component structure was observed, consisting of crystalline (C) and amorphous (A) regions in the microfibrils and an interfibrillar component whose density was deduced to be intermediate between that of the C and A regions. The crystallite width was given satisfactorily by a Guinier analysis of the SAXS profile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01412785
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat of fusion and lamellar structure of polyethylene single crystal mats (1982)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 260 (1982), S. 564-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: lin. Polyethylene ; Single crystals ; Heat of Fusion ; DSC ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Recently published results for solution crystallized PE single crystals have shown, that the experimental heat of fusionΔH * is higher, if the solvent is exchanged to silicon oil (oil suspension samples) as compared with dried mats. This has been interpreted by the collapse of the original hollow pyramids during drying, inducing lateral defects within the lamellae. The present investigation does not confirm this unexpected result.ΔH * of dried mats (T c 66 to 91 °C) and of the corresponding oil suspension samples agree within the rather small limits of experimental error. The crystallinities as derived fromΔH *, density or WAXS are in excellent agreement. SEM micrographs of cold fractured dried mats show their spongy macromorphology, but TEM micrographs of stained ultra-thin sections reveal the lamellar morphology of the walls, consisting of curved lamellae and stacked hollow pyramides. If a dried mat is sintered at room temperature, a dense transparent film is obtained with a rather regular stacked morphology of large flat lamellae.ΔH * of these films agrees with that of the original mat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01422587
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ni–Zn–P alloy deposition from sulfate bath: inhibitory effect of zinc (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 1171-1176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: alloys ; cyclic voltammetry ; electrodeposition ; electroless deposition ; nickel ; phosphorus ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Electroless Ni–Zn–P alloy deposition from a sulphate bath, containing sodium hypophosphite as reducer, was investigated. To increase the plating rate, the deposition parameters were optimized. The effect of process parameters (T, pH and [Zn2+]) on the plating rate and deposit composition was examined and it was found that the presence of zinc in the bath has an inhibitory effect on the alloy deposition. As a consequence, the percentage of zinc in the electroless Ni–Zn–P alloys never reaches high values. Using cyclic voltammetry the electrodeposition mechanism of Ni–Zn–P alloys was investigated. It was observed that the zinc deposition inhibits the nickel discharge and, as a consequence, its catalytic activity on hypophosphite oxidation. It was also found that increase in temperature or pH leads to the deposition of nickel rich alloys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003426904395
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of (meso-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato) dichlorophosphorus(V) chloride, [P(tpp)Cl2]+Cl− (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 231-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Octahedral ; phosphorus ; chloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound [P(tpp)Cl2]+Cl− crystallizes in the space group P21/n witha=10.701(2),b=24.860(2),c=14.799(2), β=94.24(2)°,Z=4. The phosphorus atom has an octahedral coordination geometry formed by the four nitrogen atoms (Np) of the porphyrinato group and the two chloride ions. The average phosphorus-chloride distance is 2.150(1) Å, with phosphorus situated 0.006 Å below the porphyrin ring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01665175
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical characterization of Fe-Ni-P alloy electrodeposition (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 27 (1997), S. 1198-1206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: alloy ; amorphous ; anomalous ; hydrogen ; iron ; nickel ; phosphorus ; plating
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this study we have investigated the electrodeposition of amorphous iron–nickel–phosphorus alloys from a sulfate electrolyte. Fe-Ni alloys are known to exhibit an ’anomalous‘ type of plating behaviour in which deposition of the less noble metal is favoured. We have found that the codeposition of phosphorus from hypophosphite in the electrolyte led to a reversal to a ’normal‘ behaviour. This reversal was due both to the suppression of iron and enhancement of nickel partial currents. The overall deposition process is dominated by the hydrogen evolution reaction. This is exacerbated by the low pH needed to codeposit sufficient phosphorus to achieve an amorphous structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018475718629
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructural characterization and corrosion resistance of Ni–Zn–P alloys electrolessly deposited from a sulphate bath (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 637-645 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: alloys ; electroless ; microstructure ; morphology ; nickel ; phosphorus ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Electroless Ni–Zn–P alloy coatings were obtained on an iron substrate from a sulfate bath at various pH values. The effects of changes in bath pH on alloy composition, morphology, microstructure and corrosion resistance were studied. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to observe the morphological change of the deposits with bath pH. Coating crystallinity was investigated by grazing incidence asymmetric Bragg X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. A transition from an amorphous to polycrystalline structure was observed on increasing the bath alkalinity, and thus decreasing the phosphorus content of the alloys. A single crystalline phase corresponding to face-centred-cubic nickel was identified in the alloys obtained from a strong alkaline solution. An increase in zinc percentage up to 23% in the deposits does not change the f.c.c. nickel crystalline structure. Corrosion potential and polarization resistance measurements indicated that the corrosion resistance of electroless Ni–Zn–P alloys depends strongly on the microstructure and chemical composition. The deposits obtained at pH 9.0–9.5 and with 11.4–12.5% zinc and 11.8–11.2% phosphorous exhibited the best corrosion resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026441403282
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