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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Empirical economics 18 (1993), S. 447-468 
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Keywords: C21 ; C22 ; C25 ; J38 ; J64 ; J78
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract A detailed evaluation is given of two dutch wage subsidy schemes. Aspects covered are: deadweight, displacement, effects an employment and continuity of labour-force participation. Both aggregate data (time-series and cross-section data) and individual survey data have been used to estimate the various effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Empirical economics 18 (1993), S. 557-564 
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Keywords: C1 ; C22 ; C32 ; C52
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Empirical economics 18 (1993), S. 707-727 
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Keywords: Measures of persistence ; unit root ; trend-stationarity ; ARMA models ; non-stationarity ; structural change ; C22 ; E32
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract We analyze the nature of persistence in macroeconomic fluctuations. The current view is that shocks to macroeconomic variables (in particular realGNP) have effects that endure over an indefinite horizon. This conclusion is drawn from the presence of a unit root in the univariate time series representation. Following Perron (1989), we challenge this assessment arguing that most macroeconomic variables are better construed as stationary fluctuations around a breaking trend function. The trend function is linear in time except for a sudden change in its intercept in 1929 (The Great Crash) and a change in slope after 1973 (following the oil price shock). Using a measure of persistence suggested by Cochrane (1988) we find that shocks have small permanent effects, if any. To analyze the effects of shocks at finite horizon, we select a member of theARMA(p, q) class applied to the appropriately detrended series. For the majority of the variables analyzed the implied weights of the moving-average representation have the once familiar humped shape.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Empirical economics 18 (1993), S. 747-760 
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Keywords: C22 ; C52
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract It is well known that mis-specification of a trend leads to spurious cycles in detrended data (see, e.g., Nelson and Kang (1981)). Seasonal-adjustment procedures make assumptions, either implicitly or explicitly, about roots on the unit circle both at the zero and seasonal frequencies. Consequently, seasonal-adjustment procedures may produce spurious seasonal variation and other statistically undesirable effects. In this paper we document for a large class of widely used US quarterly macroeconomic series the effects of competing seasonal-adjustment procedures on the univariate time-series properties of the adjusted series. We also investigate which procedures are most appropriate given the properties of the data. Overall, we find very significant differences and evidence that several U.S. macroeconomic time series contain a mixture of deterministic and stochastic seasonal components.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Empirical economics 18 (1993), S. 791-806 
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Keywords: C22
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper considers estimation of the parameters for the fractionally integrated class of processes known as ARFIMA. We consider the small sample properties of a conditional sum-of-squares estimator that is asymptotically equivalent to MLE. This estimator has the advantage of being relatively simple and can estimate all the parameters, including the mean, simultaneously. The simulation evidence we present indicates that estimation of the mean can make a considerable difference to the small sample bias and MSE of the other parameter estimates.
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  • 6
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    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Empirical economics 19 (1994), S. 555-573 
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Keywords: Unit roots ; income distribution ; HEGY-test ; C22
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper I test the unit root hypothesis for US log GNP using the information available in income distribution data. The percentile data of an income distribution are shown to follow the same autoregressive pattern as does mean income. Under the null hypothesis of a unit root log GNP is cointegrated with the percentile data. A sequence of augmented HEGY-Tests, however, presents strong evidence against the unit root hypothesis for the distribution data and hence for log GNP. Using a full information estimation procedure for the percentiles under the alternative yields an estimate of the autoregressive coefficient which is in principle testable by an approximate Dickey-Hasza-Fuller test. The appropriate critical values are found by bootstrap methods. Again, inference is clearly unfavorable for the unit root hypothesis.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Empirical economics 20 (1995), S. 109-132 
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Keywords: C22 ; C32
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The quarterly time series of German consumption and income are analyzed with respect to seasonality and stochastic trends. It emerges that both variables can be appropriately described by a periodically integrated autoregression. An implication is that the stochastic trend and the seasonal fluctuations are not independent for each of the univariate series. In order to test for cointegration across the two series, we propose several methods which take account of the relationship between seasons and trends in the univariate series. Some of these methods boil down to extracting the stochastic trend from the univariate series in a first step and to relating these trends using cointegration techniques in a second step. Another method is an extension of the Johansen cointegration testing approach to periodic vector autoregressions. Monte Carlo simulations are used to evaluate the empirical performance of the various methods. The main empirical result is that only in the first quarter there seems to be cointegration between German consumption and income.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Empirical economics 20 (1995), S. 333-349 
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Keywords: C22 ; C14 ; E32
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The “shock persistance” of Finnish adjusted quarterly real GNP series in logarithms from 1954/QI to 1990/QIV is analyzed using variance ratio estimators. The results indicate that the random walk component of the series is not big. The small sample properties of variance ratio estimators are studied using empirical distribution derived from simulations. The persistence measures calculated via the ARIMA modelling of the lnGNPt series are biased upwards. The sampling properties show that the simple random walk model is not an alternative model for the lnGNP. A trend stationary alternative, an AR(2) process, gives almost the same “shock persistence” measures as the assumed unit root processes.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Empirical economics 20 (1995), S. 415-433 
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Keywords: Random Walk Hypothesis ; Forecasting ; ARMA ; GARCH ; BDS ; Viennese stock exchange ; S&P 500 ; C22 ; C52 ; Q14
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper the Viennese stock exchange data are analysed by using ARMA and GARCH technology. After using AIC and BIC for estimating the linear structure of the time series, to the resulting innovations a GARCH(1,1) model is fit. The resulting residuals are then tested for serial independence and constancy of its distribution to check whether the models are reasonable. Main result is that the residuals of this ARMA-GARCH(1,1)-model are reasonably iid (which is checked by BDS and classical independence tests) for index data and significantly less well-behaved for stock data. Second, there is considerable autocorrelation in the data (especially in the Viennese indices WBK and ATX) which can be exploited even with 1.25% transaction costs (which is checked by a posteriori analysis of a strategy which exploits an underlying time-varying AR(1) model), however, much higher profit can be made with 0.5% transaction costs. Furthermore, the same techniques are applied to US Standard & Poor 500 index and the results for both data sets are compared giving the result that the US-market looks much more “mature” than the Viennese one.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Empirical economics 20 (1995), S. 501-518 
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Keywords: Trend breaks ; recursive tests ; rolling tests ; sequential tests ; unit root ; C12 ; C22
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The present paper applies to the Nelson-Plosser data set the recursive, rolling, and sequential tests proposed by Banerjee, Lumsdaine and Stock (1992) for unit roots in the presence of mean or trend breaks. Unlike Perron's method, these three types of test endogenize the break point in the mean or trend and thus are more appealing in empirical studies. The (reverse) recursive test indicates rejection of the unit root null in industrial production and unemployment rate. The sequential test indicates that nominal GNP and common stock prices are stationary with a break in the mean.
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