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  • temperature
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (40)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of some operating variables on citrate recovery from model solutions by electrodialysis (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 59 (1998), S. 344-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: electrodialysis ; citric acid ; pH ; temperature ; Faraday efficiency ; solute recovery efficiency ; specific energy consumption ; solute flux ; water flux ; feed solute concentration ; electric current density ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of pH and temperature (θ) on the overall performance indicators (i.e., solute recovery, ρ, and Faraday, η, efficiencies; specific energy consumption, ε, solute, JS, and water, JW, fluxes) of batch electrodialytic recovery of citric acid from model solutions was assessed at different values of feed solute concentration (cSf) and electric current density (j). Regardless of the initial feed concentration used, ρ and JS were found to be independent of θ; η and JW exhibited a positive trend with respect to θ, while ε a negative one. At the maximum temperature tested (33°C), as the pH of the feed solution was varied from 3 to 7, ρ increased from 0.90 ± 0.08 to 0.97 ± 0.02, η grew from 0.09 ± 0.02 to 0.50 ± 0.01, JS practically doubled, ε reduced about 8 times, but JW increased from 3 to 4 times. So, the optimal conditions for this technique are to be determined by balancing the savings in the investment and maintenance costs against the energy costs. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 59:344-350, 1998.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature-sensitive luminescence of tris (β-diketone) europium chelates for monitoring high-speed cationic photopolymerizations (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 1735-1744 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: luminescence ; temperature ; tris(β-diketone) chelates ; europium ; vinyl ether ; cationic photopolymerization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The temperature-dependent luminescence of tris (β-diketone) chelates of europium was used for in situ temperature measurements during cationic photopolymerizations of vinyl ethers. These molecular-level luminescent probes provided a real-time, noninvasive method for monitoring temperature during these high-speed polymerizations. Two specific probes, tris (benzoyl-1, 1, 1-trifluoroacetone) europium and tris (1,1,1,5,5,5,-hexafluoroacetylacetone) europium, met several stringent spectral and performance requirements for application in our system. The luminescence from these probes exhibits a reproducible temperature dependence over a wide temperature range and is not sensitive to changes in viscosity. In situ temperature profiles obtained using this novel technique verified the importance of thermal effects during these highly exothermic photopolymerizations. These studies have demonstrated the utility of the tris(β-diketone) europium chelates for characterizing the temperature during high-speed photopolymerizations that cannot be monitored using conventional techniques. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080331021
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    3T3 cell motility in the temperature range 33°C to 39°C (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 361-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Cell Analyzer ; cell motility ; temperature ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The phenomena of mammalian cell motility in tissue culture is an integrated function of many cellular components. As such, cell motility is very sensitive to external stimuli and perturbation. In this article we report the effect of temperature in the range 33°C to 39°C on cell motility. For this 3T3 cells were plated in plastic tissue culture flasks. A large number of individual cells (60 per experiment) were tracked as a function of time by means of an automated device, the Cell Analyzer. The data show a peak in the average cell speed in the range 36.5°C to 38.5°C, falling off sharply at lower and higher temperatures. The average rate of cell motility closely correlates to the average cell proliferation rate in the range 33°C to 39°C.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970070408
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of pH, temperature, and inoculum composition on mixed cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus 404 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus 398 (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 90-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: lactic acid bacteria ; mixed cultures ; population ratio ; pH ; temperature ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of pH, temperature, and inoculum composition on Streptococcus thermophilus 404 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus 398 mixed cultures were studied. Linear quadratic models according to these three variables were proposed to express the growth and acidification characteristics, as well as the final proportion between the two strains. Initial and operating conditions, allowing maximization of these characteristics were determined. Finally, a graphic method to predict both final total concentration and final proportion of the two bacteria as a function of pH, temperature and inoculum composition is presented.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260380112
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of temperature on hybridoma cell cycle and MAb production (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 427-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: hybridoma ; cell cycle ; monoclonal antibody ; temperature ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of growth and antibody formation of an anti-interleukin-2 producing hybridoma line were studied in suspension culture at temperatures ranging from 34°C to 39°C. Flow cytometry was used to determine the effect of temperature on the cell cycle. Maximum cell density and monoclonal antibody yield were observed at 37°C. The specific monoclonal antibody production rate was approximately constant throughout each batch experiment. Lower temperatures caused cells to stay longer in the G1-phase of the cell cycle, but temperature had only a marginal effect on the specific antibody production rate. Arresting of cells in the G1-phase by means of temperature was, therefore, not suited for enhanced monoclonal antibody production. Rather, antibody production for this hybridoma was directly linked to viable cell concentration. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260400312
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics and modeling of temperature effects on batch xanthan gum fermentation (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 567-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: xanthan fermentation ; temperature ; kinetics ; model ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Batch fermentation kinetics of xanthan gum production from glucose by Xanthomonas campestris at temperatures between 22°C and 35°C were studied to evaluate temperature effects on cell growth and xanthan formation. These batch xanthan fermentations were modeled by the logistic equation for cell growth, the Luedeking-Piret equation for xanthan production, and a modified Luedeking-Piret equation for glucose consumption. Temperature dependence of the parameters in this model was evaluated. Growth-associated rate constants increased to a maximum at ∼30°C and then decreased to zero at ∼35°C. This temperature effect can be modeled using a square-root model. On the contrary, non-growth-associated rate constants increased with increasing temperature, following the Arrhenius relationship, in the entire temperature range studied. The model developed in this work fits the experimental data very well and can be used in a simulation study. However, due to the empirical nature of the model, the parameter values need to be reevaluated if the model is to be applied to different growth conditions.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370611
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of diffusion limitation on immobilized nitrifying microorganisms at low temperatures (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 45 (1995), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: nitrification ; immobilized cells ; activation energy ; diffusion limitation ; temperature ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Activation energies of suspended and immobilized nitrifying bacteria were determined and compared to determine if diffusion limitation results in decreased sensitivity for temperature. The activation energy for the respiration activity of suspended Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter agilis was found to be 86.4 and 58.4 kJ mol-1, respectively. The activation energy for oxygen diffusion in the support material, κ-carrageenan, determined from the effect of temperature on the effective diffusion coefficient (D), was 17.2 kJ mol-1. Consequently, the apparent actvation energy of diffusion limited cells should be lower. It was indeed shown that due to the effect of diffusion limitation and to temperature effects on the Monod constant Ks, the immobilized-cell activity was less sensitive to temperature. The apparent activation energy for immobilized Ns. europaea was between 28.6 and 94.2 kJ mol-1 and for immobilized Nb. agilis between 1.4 and 72.9 kJ mol-1, depending on the oxygen concentration and temperature. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260450102
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative contributions of biological and chemical reactions to the overall rate of pyrite oxidation at temperatures between 30°C and 70°C (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: chemical pyrite oxidation ; microbial desulfurization ; temperature ; biological pyrite oxidation ; pyrite oxidation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The stoichiometry and kinetics of the spontaneous, chemical reaction between pyrite and ferric iron was studied at 30, 45, and 70°C in shake flasks at pH 1.5 by monitoring the ferrous iron, total iron, elemental sulfur, and sulfate concentration profiles in time. It was found that the sulfur moiety of pyrite was oxidized completely to sulfate. Elemental sulfur was not produced in detectable amounts. The iron moiety of pyrite was released as ferrous iron. All observed initial reaction rates could be fitted into an empirical equation. This equation includes the concentrations of ferric iron and pyrite, and a constant which is dependent on the temperature and the nature of the main anion present. It was observed that ferrous iron formed during the reaction slowed down the oxidation of pyrite by ferric iron. The extent of this effect decreased with increasing temperature. With the aid of the empirical equation, the contribution of the chemical oxidation of pyrite by ferric iron to the overall oxidation in a hypothetical plug-flow reactor, in which biologically mediated oxdidation of pyrite and ferrous iron by oxygen also takes place, can be assessed. At 30, 45, and 70°C, respectively, 2, 8-17, and 43% of the pyrite was oxidized chemically by ferric iron. Therefore, it is expected that only in reactors operating at high temperatures with extremely thermophilic bacteria, will chemical oxidation cause a significant deviation from the apparent first order overall kinetics of biological pyrite oxidation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260380202
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of temperature on nucleotide pools and monoclonal antibody production in a mouse hybridoma (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 1235-1245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: hybridoma ; monoclonal antibody ; temperature ; nucleotides ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The specific monoclonal antibody productivity (qMab) of a murine hybridoma (CC9C10) increased with incubation temperature in the range 33°C to 39°C. qMab was constant at each temperature and was independent of the phase of culture. The qMab increased 97% at 39°C and decreased by 21% at 33°C compared with controls at 37°C. Specific rates of substrate (glucose and glutamine) utilization and byproduct (lactate and ammonia) formation also increased with temperature but the yield coefficient, YLac/Llc' was constant for 33°C to 39°C and YAmm/Gin was constant for 37°C to 39°C. YAmm/Gin at 33°C was lower than the control. Changes in specific nucleotide concentrations and ratios were monitored by analysis of intracellular nucleotide pools. The NTP ratio, (ATP + GTP)/(UTP + CTP), increased and the U-ratio (UTP/UDP-GNac) decreased during the course of each culture, whereas the adenylate energy charge, (ATP + 0.5ADP)/(ATP + ADP + AMP), remained relatively constant at a value 0.8. The relative content of UDP-/N acetyl galactosamine, UDP-N acetyl glucosamine, and NAD increased with incubation temperature, whereas the relative ATP content, SA(ATP + ADP + AMP)/SU (UTP + UDP-sugars) ratio, purine/pyrimidine, ATP/GTP, and U-ratio decreased at higher incubation temperatures. It is possible that these nucleotide parameters may have a regulatory role in the changes of qMab observed at the higher temperatures. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260441011
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of racemization of (+)- and (-)-diethylpropion: Studies in aqueous solution, with and without the addition of cyclodextrins, in organic solvents and in human plasma (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 10 (1998), S. 307-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: configurational stability ; pH ; temperature ; ionic strength ; phosphate buffer concentration ; plasma protein affinity ; native cyclodextrins ; cyclodextrin derivatives ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The configurational stability of (+)- and (-)-diethylpropion [(+)- and (-)-2-(diethyl)-1-phenyl-1-propanone or (+)- and (-)-DEP] was investigated systematically from chemical, pharmaceutical, and pharmacological aspects. The enantiomeric ratio was monitored directly with a recently developed stability-indicating enantioselective HPLC method.In aqueous solutions, the rate of racemization increased non-linearly with increasing pH and with increasing phosphate buffer concentration. The racemization rate showed a positive slope with increasing temperature and decreasing ionic strength.The racemization rates of (+)- and (-)-DEP in the presence of cyclodextrins (CDs) did not differ significantly. CDs that were added to (+)- and (-)-DEP in a molar ratio 5:1 showed the following effects after dissolution in 10 mM phosphate buffer (final pH 6.7): sulfobutyl ether-β-CD (SBE-β-CD) and methylated-β-CD (Me-β-CD) retarded racemization; whereas hydroxypropyl-β-CD (HP-β-CD), acetyl-γ-CD (Ac-γ-CD), acetyl-β-CD (Ac-β-CD), γ-CD, and β-CD showed a weak destabilising effect. In contrast to the described CDs, α-CD distinctly accelerated the rate of racemization.The configurational stability of (+)- and (-)-DEP was also studied under physiological conditions. The half-life of racemization in heparinised human plasma was for both enantiomers determined to be approximately 23-25 min.In phosphate buffer (10 mM, pH 7.4), rac-DEP showed a high, but unselective affinity towards human α1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) immobilised on silica (Chiral AGP).The rate of racemization of the free base of (-)-DEP dissolved in organic solutions generally increases with the polarity of the solvating agent. Chirality 10:307-315, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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