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  • Humans  (6,661)
  • Mice
  • star carr
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (7,692)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (4)
  • White Rose University Press  (3)
  • 1
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    Star Carr Volume 2 (2021)
    White Rose University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: "Star Carr is one of the most important Mesolithic sites in Europe. It was discovered in the late 1940s by John Moore and then excavated by Grahame Clark from 1949-1951, becoming famous in the archaeological world for the wealth of rare organic remains uncovered including barbed antler points and antler headdresses. However, since the original excavations there has been much debate about how the site was used: was it a residential base camp, a hunting camp or even a ritual site? From 2003-2015, excavations directed by Conneller, Milner and Taylor aimed to answer these questions. This work has demonstrated that the site is much larger and more complex than ever imagined and was in use for around 800 years. The excavations show that Mesolithic groups were highly invested in this place: there is evidence for a number of structures on the dryland (the oldest evidence for ‘houses’ in Britain), three large wooden platforms along the edge of the lake, and the deposition of rare artefacts into the lake edge, including more antler headdresses and a unique, engraved shale pendant. People continued to occupy the site despite changes in climate over this period. The main results of our work are contained in two volumes: the first provides an interpretation of the site, and the second provides detail on specific areas of research. The main results of our work are contained in two volumes: the first volume provides an interpretation of the site, and the second volume provides detail on specific areas of research."
    Keywords: artefact ; palaeoenvironment ; mesolithic ; prehistory ; excavation ; star carr ; Antler ; Bone ; Peat ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Star Carr Volume 1 (2021)
    White Rose University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: "Star Carr is one of the most important Mesolithic sites in Europe. It was discovered in the late 1940s by John Moore and then excavated by Grahame Clark from 1949-1951, becoming famous in the archaeological world for the wealth of rare organic remains uncovered including barbed antler points and antler headdresses. However, since the original excavations there has been much debate about how the site was used: was it a residential base camp, a hunting camp or even a ritual site? From 2003-2015, excavations directed by Conneller, Milner and Taylor aimed to answer these questions. This work has demonstrated that the site is much larger and more complex than ever imagined and was in use for around 800 years. The excavations show that Mesolithic groups were highly invested in this place: there is evidence for a number of structures on the dryland (the oldest evidence for ‘houses’ in Britain), three large wooden platforms along the edge of the lake, and the deposition of rare artefacts into the lake edge, including more antler headdresses and a unique, engraved shale pendant. People continued to occupy the site despite changes in climate over this period. The main results of our work are contained in two volumes: the first provides an interpretation of the site, and the second provides detail on specific areas of research. The main results of our work are contained in two volumes: the first volume provides an interpretation of the site, and the second volume provides detail on specific areas of research."
    Keywords: artefact ; palaeoenvironment ; mesolithic ; prehistory ; excavation ; star carr ; Antler ; Before Present ; Flint ; Microlith ; Red deer ; Stone tool ; Wetland ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Hidden Depths (2022)
    White Rose University Press | White Rose University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry. Focusing on three key transitions in human origins, Professor Spikins explains how the emotional capacities of our early ancestors evolved in response to ecological changes, much like similar changes in other social mammals. For each transition, dedicated chapters examine evolutionary pressures, responses in changes in human emotional capacities and the archaeological evidence for human social behaviours. Starting from our earliest origins, in Part One, Professor Spikins explores how after two million years ago, movement of human ancestors into a new ecological niche drove new types of collaboration, including care for vulnerable members of the group. Emotional adaptations lead to cognitive changes, as new connections based on compassion, generosity, trust and inclusion also changed our relationship to material things. Part Two explores a later key transition in human emotional capacities occurring after 300,000 years ago. At this time changes in social tolerance allowed ancestors of our own species to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies, making human communities resilient to environmental changes. An increasingly close relationship to animals, and even to cherished possessions, appeared at this time, and can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort and belonging. Lastly, Part Three focuses on the contrasts in emotional dispositions arising between ourselves and our close cousins, the Neanderthals. Neanderthals are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today. This new narrative breaks away from traditional views of human evolution as exceptional or as a linear progression towards a more perfect form. Instead, our evolutionary history is situated within similar processes occurring in other mammals, and explained as one in which emotions, rather than ‘intellect’, were key to our evolutionary journey. Moreover, changes in emotional capacities and dispositions are seen as part of differing pathways each bringing strengths, weaknesses and compromises. These hidden depths provide an explanation for many of the emotional sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today.
    Keywords: Human demography ; Group size ; Lithic transfers ; Raw material movements ; Bonobos ; Dog burial ; Comfort ; Symbolic objects ; Symbolism ; Mobiliary art ; Attachment fluidity ; Hypersociability ; Human-animal relationships ; Dog domestication ; Attachment object ; Approachability ; Approach behaviour ; Avoidance behaviour ; Androgens ; Physiological responses ; Cognitive Archaeology ; Autism Spectrum Condition ; Handaxe ; Biface ; Neurodiversity ; Palaeolithic stone tools ; Evolution of neurodiversity ; Rock art ; Ice age art ; Material Culture ; Cultural transmission ; Emotional commitment ; Biopsychosocial approach ; Social tolerance ; Attachment ; Genus Homo ; Acheulian ; Cultural evolution ; Skeletal abnormality ; Injury ; Illness ; Interdependence ; Emotional sensitivity ; Moral emotions ; Evolution of Altruism ; Hominins ; Upper Palaeolithic ; Lower Palaeolithic ; Ecological niche ; Selective pressure ; Behavioural ecology ; Wolves ; Affective empathy ; Cognitive empathy ; Theory of mind ; Human Cognition ; Vulnerability ; Evolutionary Psychology ; Developmental psychology ; Helping behaviours ; Social cognition ; Social mammals ; Human Emotion ; Human social collaboration ; Generosity ; Emotional brain ; Social emotions ; Comparative behaviour ; Evolution ; Social carnivores ; Primate behavioural ecology ; Primate social systems ; Human Evolution ; Human ancestors ; Collaboration ; Evolutionary Biology ; Emotional vulnerability ; Social connection ; Decolonisation ; Social networks ; Middle Palaeolithic ; Community resilience ; Convergent evolution ; Chimpanzee ; Origin of modern humans ; Social safeness ; Wolf domestication ; Cherished possessions ; Compensatory attachment ; Loneliness ; Palaeolithic art ; Stress reactivity ; Bonding hormones ; Humans ; Hunter-gatherers ; Intergroup collaboration ; Tolerance ; Emotional connection ; Autism ; Trust ; Early Prehistory ; Palaeopathology ; Origins of healthcare ; Human self-domestication ; Palaeolithic Archaeology ; Social brain ; Care-giving ; Empathy ; Neanderthals ; Compassion ; Social Connection ; Evolution of Emotions ; Human Origins ; Adaptation ; Prehistory ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HD Archaeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPW Political activism::JPWQ Revolutionary groups & movements ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transfer of nuclei from 8-cell stage mouse embryos following use of nocodazole to control the cell cycle (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 39 (1994), S. 147-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Mitosis ; Synchronization ; Mice ; Blastomere ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Mouse 2-, 4-, 8-, and 16-cell embryos were exposed to nocodazole in M16 culture medium. The effect of different concentrations and exposure times on the efficiency of cell cycle synchronization and the development of the treated embyros after release from the drug was determined. The minimum effective concentration (95% of arrested nuclei) for 4-, 8-, and 16-cell embryos was 5μM nocodazole. The effect upon subsequent development of mouse embryos depended upon both the stage of development of the embryo at treatment (P 〈 0.001) and the length of exposure to nocodazole (P 〈 0.001). Exposure to any concentration of nocodazole within the range 2.5-10 μM for 12 hr caused a reduction in the proportion of embryos that formed blastocysts. As the period of exposure to 5μM nocodazole increased from 12 to 24 hr, the proportion of embryos developing to the blastocyst stage decreased. The lower proportion of embyros developing to the blastocyst stage and to term (P 〈 0.01) suggests that the more advanced stages were more susceptible to damage as a result of exposure to nocodazole. The rate of development of 4-cell embryos to blastocysts was not affected when an exposure time of 9 hr was used. Together these results show that it is possible to use nocodazole to arrest mouse embryonic cells in mitosis but that it is not appropriate to culture the embryos in the presence of this drug for prolonged periods. Individual blastomeres completed mitosis at 60-90 min and started DNA synthesis at 120-150 min after release from nocodazole. Nuclei from blastomeres thus synchronized were used to conduct studies on the effect of the cell cycle on nuclear transfer. A signficant effect was found. When nuclei from 8-cell embryos in G1 or S-phase were used as nuclei donors, development to blastocyst was respectively 27% and none. ©Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080390205
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transgenic offspring by transcaryotic implantation of transgenic ovaries into normal mice (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 25 (1990), S. 42-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Ovary transfer ; Mice ; Transgenic offspring ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Female transgenic mice may be unable to reproduce successfully if the product encoded by the transgene results in pathological changes or affects the fertility of the mouse. To approach this problem, we have produced chimaeras by transferring the ovaries of transgenic mice into normal mice of the same strain. Such chimaeras will be an ideal tool for investigating the interactions between transgenic ovaries and normal mice or vice versa. Here we show that, using this method, we were able to get large numbers of transgenic offspring even from founder transgenic female mice that were themselves infertile as a result of the overexpression of growth hormone genes. Although none of the ovary recipients were given immunosuppressant treatment, 60% of the recipients had biologically active ovaries over a mean period of about 100 days.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080250108
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Site-specific drug delivery to the lung (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 3 (1992), S. 323-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Polyanhydrides ; Pulmonary neoplasms ; Mice ; Chemotherapy ; Cisplatin ; BCNU ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Investigations were undertaken to determine whether anti-cancer drugs introduced locally into the lung using bioerodible polyanhydride microspheres as carriers would demonstrate both efficacy and reduced toxicity.BCNU (carmustine) and CDDP (cisplatin), loaded in polyanhydride microspheres, were administered to mice bearing either of two tumors selected for their affinity for the lung: the B16F10 melanoma and the recently established GL26F4 glioma. Following intravenous inoculation of these tumor cells, the number of metastatic foci formed in the lung follows a predictable time course and can readily be determined. Comparisons were made between the efficacy of microspheres introduced into the lung by intratracheal intubation (IT) and of those administered by intraperitoneal injection (IP). Administration of microspheres loaded either with BCNU or cisplatin reduced the detectable metastatic foci by 25-90% depending on the tumor load, both when administered IP and IT.Toxicity was assessed by flow cytometric analysis of bone marrow cellularity as well as by determination of mortality rates. Intratracheal administration of either cisplatin or BCNU reduced the deleterious systemic effects observed when the drug was administered by IP injection. This was seen at high drug levels, where significant mortality occurred only in animals given drug injections IP; and at lower levels where IP injection led to a reduction of bone marrow blast cells, while IT administration caused no detectable effect on marrow cellularity.Since local delivery of BCNU or cisplatin through bioerodible polyanhydride microspheres induces significantly less systemic damage while demonstrating efficacy equal to or exceeding that of IP injection, this mode of drug delivery warrants further and more detailed exploration. Moreover, the method may be applicable to the treatment of other chronic pulmonary pathologies.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1992.220030607
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ hybridization studies on murine catalase mRNA expression during embryonic development (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 11 (1990), S. 318-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Mice ; housekeeping genes ; liver ; tissue specificity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In situ hybridization using nucleic acid probes was used to detect cell- and tissue-specific transcript(s) of embryonic genes during development and differentiation. This highly sensitive technique has the potential to provide valuable information on the regulation of low-abundance housekeeping genes during development. We have determined the experimental conditions required to detect the catalase message in adult mouse liver. Catalase effects the breakdown of H2O2 to O2 and H2O and offers protection against the toxic effects of oxygen radicals. We used a cloned 550 bp BamHI-Pstl fragment from a mouse catalase cDNA (pMCT-1) to generate 35S-labeled sense and antisense riboprobes. The experimental conditions used were sensitive enough to quantitate the abundance of silver grains generated by the antisense riboprobe on the adult liver, a tissue known to be positive for this message. The hybridization protocol was applied to serial sections of 13- and 18-day-old mouse embryos. The results suggest that the catalase expression in the liver and brain begins with somite formation and increases with development and differentiation. On the other hand, this message appears to be absent in mesenchyme, particularly in day 13 embryos. The message in positive tissues appears evenly distributed throughout the cell. The observed expression of the catalase message in the adult liver is approximately six times that in the embryonic liver. It is compatible with the enzyme activity results and emphasizes the sensitivity of the in situ hybridization method (over northern blot, etc.) used in this study.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020110411
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  • 8
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    Embryonic stem cells: don't let litigation put research off limits (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-09-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feng, Jian -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 16;467(7313):271. doi: 10.1038/467271a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20844517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Embryo Research/economics/ethics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; *Federal Government ; Financing, Government/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; *Religion and Science ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States ; Zygote/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Sex bias blights drug studies (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Check Hayden, Erika -- England -- Nature. 2010 Mar 18;464(7287):332-3. doi: 10.1038/464332b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20237530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Biomedical Research/*methods ; Clinical Trials as Topic/methods ; Drug Evaluation/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Patient Selection ; Prejudice ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sex Distribution
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 10
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    Human genome at ten: Life is complicated (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Check Hayden, Erika -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 1;464(7289):664-7. doi: 10.1038/464664a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Data Mining ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes/genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics/history/trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genome Project/history ; Humans ; *Models, Biological ; Molecular Biology/*history ; Neoplasms/genetics/therapy ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics/metabolism ; Sea Urchins/embryology/genetics ; Systems Biology/*trends ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Uncertainty
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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