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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring  (20)
  • Springer Berlin Heidelberg  (19)
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International
  • Public Library of Science (PLoS)
  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • 1
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    On the transition from strombolian to fountaining activity: a thermal energy-based driver (2017)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-13
    Description: Since 1999, Mount Etna’s (Italy) South-East crater system has been characterised by episodic lava fountaining. Each episode is characterised by initial strombolian activity followed by transition to sustained fountaining to feed higheffusion rate lava flow. Here, we use thermal infrared data recorded by a permanent radiometer station to characterise the transition to sustained fountaining fed by the New South-East crater that developed on the eastern flank of the South-East crater starting from January 2011. We cover eight fountaining episodes that occurred between 2012 and 2013. We first developed a routine to characterise event waveforms apparent in the precursory, strombolian phase. This allowed extraction of a database for thermal energy and waveform shape for 1934 events. We detected between 66 and 650 events per episode, with event durations being between 4 and 55 s. In total, 1508 (78 %) of the events had short waxing phases and dominant waning phases. Event frequency increased as climax was approached. Events had energies of between 3.0× 106 and 5.8× 109 J, with rank order analysis indicating the highest possible event energy of 8.1× 109 J. To visualise the temporal evolution of retrieved parameters during the precursory phase, we applied a dimensionality reduction technique. Results show that weaker events occur during an onset period that forms a low-energy Bsink^. The transition towards fountaining occurs at 107 J, where subsequent events have a temporal trend towards the highest energies, and where sustained fountaining occurs when energies exceed 109 J. Such an energy-based framework allows researchers to track the evolution of fountaining episodes and to predict the time at which sustained fountaining will begin.
    Description: Published
    Description: 15
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Mount Etna . Strombolian events . Lava fountaining . Explosive regime transition . Radiometry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Erratum to: Lava discharge during Etna’s January 2011 fire fountain tracked using MSG-SEVIRI (2012)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-09
    Description: In the paper by Gouhier, M., Harris, A., Calvari, S., Labazuy, P., Guéhenneux, Y., Donnadieu, F., Valade, S, entitled “Lava discharge during Etna’s January 2011 fire fountain tracked using MSG-SEVIRI” (Bull Volcanol (2012) 74:787–793, DOI 10.1007/s00445-011-0572-y), we present data from a Doppler radar (VOLDORAD 2B). This ground-based Lband radar has been monitoring the eruptive activity of the summit craters of Mt. Etna in real-time since July 2009 from a site about 3.5 km SSE of the craters. Examples of applications of this type of radar are reviewed by Donnadieu (2012) and shown on the VOLDORAD website (http://wwwobs. univbpclermont.fr/SO/televolc/voldorad/). Although designed and owned by the Observatoire de Physique du Globe in Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), France, VOLDORAD 2B is operated jointly with the INGV-Catania (Italy) in the framework of a technical and scientific collaboration agreement between the INGV of Catania, the French CNRS and the OPGC-Université Blaise Pascal in Clermont- Ferrand. The system also utilizes a dedicated micropatch antenna designed at the University of Calabria (Boccia et al. 2010) and owned by INGV. The objective of the joint acquisition of the radar data by INGV-Catania and the OPGC is twofold: (1) to mitigate volcanic risks at Etna by better assessing the hazards arising from ash plumes and (2) to allow detailed study of volcanic activity and its environmental impact. In the paper by Gouhier et al. (2012), we failed to highlight this important collaboration between the INGV Catania and the OPGC; a cooperation essential for the past, current and future generation of such valuable data sets. Specifically we wish to acknowledge the roles of Mauro Coltelli, Michele Prestifilippo and Simona Scollo for their important input into this project, and pivotal role in setting up, and maintaining, this collaborative deployment.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1261
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Etna volcano ; lava fountain ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Lava discharge during Etna's January 2011 fire fountain tracked using MSG-SEVIRI (2012)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-09
    Description: Etna's January 2011 eruption provided an excellent opportunity to test the ability of Meteosat Second Generation satellite's Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) sensor to track a short-lived effusive event. The presence of lava fountaining, the rapid expansion of lava flows, and the complexity of the resulting flow field make such events difficult to track from the ground. During the Etna's January 2011 eruption, we were able to use thermal data collected by SEVIRI every 15 min to generate a time series of the syn-eruptive heat flux. Lava discharge waxed over a ~1-h period to reach a peak that was first masked from the satellite view by a cold tephra plume and then was of sufficient intensity to saturate the 3.9-μm channel. Both problems made it impossible to estimate time-averaged lava discharge rates using the syn-eruptive heat flux curve. Therefore, through integration of data obtained by ground-based Doppler radar and thermal cameras, as well as ancillary satellite data (from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer), we developed a method that allowed us to identify the point at which effusion stagnated, to allow definition of a lava cooling curve. This allowed retrieval of a lava volume of ~1.2×106 m3, which, if emitted for 5 h, was erupted at a mean output rate of ~70 m3 s−1. The lava volume estimated using the cooling curve method is found to be similar to the values inferred from field measurements.
    Description: This work was supported by the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES-France) and CNRS-INSU.
    Description: Published
    Description: 787–793
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Etna volcano ; lava flux ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Monitoring crater-wall collapse at active volcanoes: a study of the 12 January 2013 event at Stromboli (2016)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-22
    Description: Crater-wall collapses are fairly frequent at active volcanoes and they are normally studied through the analysis of their deposits. In this paper, we present an analysis of the 12 January 2013 crater-wall collapse occurring at Stromboli vol- cano, investigated by means of a monitoring network com- prising visible and infrared webcams and a Ground-Based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar. The network re- vealed the triggering mechanisms of the collapse, which are comparable to the events that heralded the previous effusive eruptions in 1985, 2002, 2007 and 2014. The collapse oc- curred during a period of inflation of the summit cone and was preceded by increasing explosive activity and the enlarge- ment of the crater. Weakness of the crater wall, increasing magmastatic pressure within the upper conduit induced by ascending magma and mechanical erosion caused by vent opening at the base of the crater wall and by lava fingering, are considered responsible for triggering the collapse on 12 January 2013 at Stromboli. We suggest that the combination of these factors might be a general mechanism to generate crater-wall collapse at active volcanoes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 39
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Stromboli volcano ; Remote sensing ; Visible and infrared webcam monitoring ; Ground-based radar interferometry ; Crater-wall collapse ; Volcano instability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Time variability of low-temperature fumaroles at Stromboli island (Italy) and its application to volcano monitoring (2013)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The constant and mild activity of Stromboli volcano (Italy) is occasionally interrupted by effusive events and/or more energetic explosions, referred to as major explosions and paroxysms, which are potentially dangerous for the human community. Although several premonitory signals for effusive phases have been identified, precursors of major explosions and paroxysms still remain poorly understood. With the aim of contributing to the identification of possible precursors of energetic events, this work discusses soil temperature data acquired in low-temperature fumaroles at Stromboli in the period 2006–2010. Data analysis revealed that short-term anomalies recorded in the thermal signal are potentially useful in predicting state changes of the volcano. In particular, sudden changes in fumarole temperatures and their hourly gradients were observed from several days to a few hours prior to fracturing and paroxysmal events, heralded by peculiar waveforms of the recorded signals. The qualitative interpretation is supported by a quantitative, theoretical treatment that uses circuit theory to explain the time dependence of the short-period temperature variations, showing a good agreement between theoretical and observational data.
    Description: DPCN
    Description: Published
    Description: 776
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Effusive eruption ; Low-temperature fumarole ; Major explosion ; Paroxysm ; Precursor ; Stromboli ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Spatial vent opening probability map of Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy) (2012)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We produce a spatial probability map of vent opening (susceptibility map) at Etna, using a statistical analysis of structural features of flank eruptions of the last 2 ky. We exploit a detailed knowledge of the volcano structures, including the modalities of shallow magma transfer deriving from dike and dike-fed fissure eruptions analysis on historical eruptions. Assuming the location of future vents will have the same causal factors as the past eruptions, we converted the geological and structural data in distinct and weighted probability density functions, which were included in a non-homogeneous Poisson process to obtain the susceptibility map. The highest probability of new eruptive vents opening falls within a N-S aligned area passing through the Summit Craters down to about 2,000 ma.s.l. on the southern flank. Other zones of high probability follow the North-East, East-North-East, West, and South Rifts, the latter reaching low altitudes (∼400 m). Less susceptible areas are found around the faults cutting the upper portions of Etna, including the western portion of the Pernicana fault and the northern extent of the Ragalna fault. This structuralbased susceptibility map is a crucial step in forecasting lava flow hazards at Etna, providing a support tool for decision makers.
    Description: This study was performed with the financial support from the V3-LAVA project (DPC-INGV 2007–2009 contract).
    Description: Published
    Description: 2083–2094
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Flank eruption ; Dike ; Volcano structure ; Susceptibility map ; Spatial clustering ; Back analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Combining relative and absolute gravity measurements to enhance volcano monitoring (2013)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: To achieve a balance between uncertainty and efficiency in gravity measurements, we have investigated the applicability of combined measurements of absolute and relative gravity as a hybrid method for volcano monitoring. Between 2007 and 2009, three hybrid gravity surveys were conducted at Mt Etna volcano, in June 2007, July 2008, and July 2009. Absolute gravity data were collected with two absolute gravimeters, which represent the state of the art in recent advances in ballistic gravimeter technology: (1) the commercial instrument FG5#238 and (2) the prototype instrument IMGC-02. We carried out several field surveys and confirmed that both the absolute gravimeters can still achieve a 10 μGal or better uncertainty even when they are operated in severe environmental conditions. The use of absolute gravimeters in a field survey of the summit area of Mt Etna is unprecedented. The annual changes of the gravity measured over 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 provide unequivocal evidence that during the 2007–2009 period, two main phenomena of subsurface mass redistribution occurred in distinct sectors of the volcano, accompanying different eruptive episodes. From 2007 to 2008, a gravity change of −60 μGal was concentrated around the North- East Rift. This coincided with a zone affected by strong extensional tectonics, and hence might have been related to the opening of new voids. Between 2008 and 2009, a North-South elongate feature with a maximum gravity change of +80 μGal was identified in the summit craters area. This is interpreted to indicate recharge of a deepintermediate magma storage zone, which could have occurred when the 2008–2009 eruption was still ongoing.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1745-1756
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Mt Etna . Relative gravity . Absolute gravity . ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Waveform Variation of the Explosion-Quakes as a function of the eruptive activity at Stromboli Volcano (2013)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the period from June to September 2011, the Stromboli volcano was affected by an activity characterized by an increase of the volcanic tremor amplitude, in the magnitude of explosions and with some lava overflows. In order to examine and understand in more detail this particular phase of the volcano, we present here an unsupervised investigation of the waveform variation of the explosion-quakes recorded during this period. The aim is to identify a possible relationship between the temporal changes of these events and the volcano seismic activity. The analysis is performed on a dataset of about 8400 explosion-quakes by using a SOM neural network. This technique works well with large datasets allowing to find out unpredicted characteristics among them. The SOM clustering highlights sudden changes occurring at the end of July and of August and a permanent variation between June and September reflecting a modification in the volcano activity. These results could be interesting for focusing the analysis of the seismological dataset in these intervals in order to evidence minor, but important variations, which were previously undetected and to improve the knowledge on the explosive dynamics of the volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: 111-119
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Explosion-quakes ; SOM neural network ; unsupervised clustering ; volcano dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 9
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    Change in magma supply dynamics identified in observations of soil CO2 emissions in the summit area of Mt. Etna (2014)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We report the results of 16 months of continuous measurements of soil CO2 flux at a fumarole field in the summit area of Mt. Etna. The patterns of soil CO2 emissions suggest two contrasting degassing regimes. During the period of observation, volcanic activity at the summit craters displayed striking extremes, ranging from passive to explosive degassing, which culminated in lava fountains. These changes in activity coincided with fluctuation between the two degassing patterns. Building on the findings of previous studies, we propose an interpretative framework that explains the observed correlation in terms of a modification of the dynamics of magma supply. We argue that periods of higher CO2 flux are associated with deep open system degassing conditions, whereas low-level CO2 flux signals closed system degassing and less efficient discharge of deeply exsolved gas. An important implication of our study is that, in relation to the two degassing regimes, two types of activity are expected at the summit craters. Thus, our measurements represent a valuable tool for the evaluation of the evolution of volcanic activity
    Description: Published
    Description: 846
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Magma supply dynamics ; Soil CO2 emissions ; Lava fountain ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    From source to surface: dynamics of Etna’s lava fountains investigated by continuous strain, magnetic, ground and satellite thermal data (2013)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: We investigated the eruptive episodes that occurred at Etna volcano on 15 November 2011 and 18 March 2012 using different types of data. We present novel data from two recently installed strainmeters that recorded unique signals during the lava fountain phases of these events. The strainmeter data, integrated with those recorded by the magnetic network, and with satellite and ground thermal data, allowed us to follow the path of a gas-rich magma batch from the source inside the volcano to the surface and atmosphere. The amplitude ratio of the volumetric strain changes constrained the storage depth of the magma feeding the lava fountains above 1.5 km below sea level. Magnetic data revealed an attempted shallow lateral intrusion, whereas ground and satellite thermal data furnished a quantification of the total erupted volumes of ∼2.2×106m3 for the 15 November event and ∼3.0×106m3 for the 18 March event. Despite different durations of the explosive and effusive phases of the two lava fountain events, the total erupted volume was quite similar, suggesting the emptying of a shallow storage system displaying a steady behaviour.
    Description: Published
    Description: article 690
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Etna volcano ; lava fountain ; strain ; magnetic data ; thermal data ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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