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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: From a biological perspective, the subterranean realm is one of the less studied, but at the same time, one of the most promising, theatres for new findings and research. Compared to those on the surface, the ecological conditions occurring in subterranean habitats are relatively simple, and this may be an optimal scenario for understanding the mechanisms allowing the colonization, adaptation, and evolution of species, as well as their interactions within local communities. Diversity in subterranean habitats is often overlooked, and few studies embrace whole communities or try to assess functional relationships between species. This Special Issue reprint comprises papers covering a wide range of aspects related to the distribution, composition, and roles of subterranean communities occurring in different typologies of subterranean habitats.
    Keywords: cave biology ; subterranean habitats ; vertebrates ; invertebrates ; community dynamics ; biospeleology ; hypogean ; conservation ; biodiversity ; troglobite ; troglophile ; trogloxene ; extreme environment ; niche ; epikarst ; classification trees ; Copepoda ; random forests ; Diptera ; Limonia ; Limonia nubeculosa ; Neolimonia ; Trichoceridea ; cave community ; prey ; food resources ; occupancy ; abundance ; Astyanax ; Spelaeomysis ; Troglomexicanus ; Speocirolana ; Toro cave ; Sierra de El Abra ; troglomorphy ; stygobite ; fieldwork ; wild fish ; comparative biology ; behavior ; troglomorphism ; olfactory test ; infrared movies ; amino acids ; chondroitin ; plasticity ; cybernetics ; ecology ; cavefish ; dissolved oxygen ; cave evolution ; Astyanax mexicanus ; Ostracoda ; Yucatán Peninsula ; cenotes ; mitochondrial marker ; geometric morphometrics ; population ecology ; growth ; movements ; São Domingos karst area ; subterranean fishes ; evolution ; origin of troglobites ; Brazil ; subterranean biology ; environmental science ; biogeography ; distribution records ; groundwater ; underwater caves ; cenote ; mysid ; stygobiont ; bioindicator ; accidental cave visitors ; Arachnida ; Araneae ; arid ; levant ; Mediterranean ; species diversity ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology & animal sciences
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Wine has a complex matrix with many volatile compounds present, which evolves over time. These volatile compounds are important to wine quality as they contribute to the aroma and varietal characteristics of wine. Recent development in the analysis of volatile compounds in wine has greatly improved our understanding of the complexity of wine aroma. Analytical methods used for wine aroma fingerprinting have shown potential in determining the origin and quality of wine. Thus, research on volatile compounds responsible for wine aroma and their correlation with wine provenance and wine quality have increasingly attracted great interest from researchers and winegrowers. This Special Issue presents the latest research regarding wine aroma compounds, including, but not limited to, the topics on the characterization of aroma compounds in grapes and wine, factors influencing the production of aroma compounds in wine during fermentation and maturation, and analytical methods for wine aroma analysis.
    Keywords: marselan wine ; aroma compounds ; indigenous yeast strains ; Saccharomyces ; non-Saccharomyces ; icewine ; Vidal ; yeast ; sensory analysis ; amino acid ; fruity ester ; wine aroma ; nitrogen management ; Pearson correlation analysis ; carbon metabolism ; Vitis davidii Foёx ; spend coffee grounds ; fermentation ; sensory property ; volatile profile ; yeast protein hydrolysate ; nitrogen supplementation ; volatile compounds ; wine higher alcohols ; wine esters ; monoterpenes ; triangle test ; check-all-that-apply ; correspondence analysis ; Cochran’s Q-test ; nutrients ; central composite design ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; wine ; strain effect ; aromas ; non-Saccharomyces yeasts ; ethanol tolerance ; ultraviolet irradiation ; diethyl sulfate mutagenesis ; vineyard mechanization ; phenolics ; sensory properties ; anthocyanins ; bentonite ; cold soaking ; colour ; pathogenesis-related proteins ; Pinot noir ; tannin ; antioxidants ; glutathione ; glutathione-enriched inactivated dry yeasts ; methoxypyrazines ; oxidation ; Sauvignon Blanc ; thiols ; aroma profile ; grape pomace ; model juice ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This reprint showcases a collection of a Special Issue entitled “Soilless Culture, Growing Media and Horticultural Plants”. Within its pages, readers will find an assortment of 22 original papers accompanied by 1 review paper and 1 editorial. Representing a collaborative effort involving by 84 authors from 15 different countries, this Special Issue explores cutting-edge advancements in soilless culture, investigating the interaction between soilless and environmental factors while also exploring their consequential impacts on plant growth and physiology. Additionally, these studies meticulously scrutinize the accumulation of secondary metabolites. The compositions of nutrient solutions and the physical attributes of substrates and mixtures are illuminated through rigorous analyses. Furthermore, a spotlight is placed on the dynamic interactions between microorganisms and plant-growing media. In the near future, climate change and environmental and ecological issues will steer the trajectory of soilless culture systems and the choice of growing media constituents.
    Keywords: biochar ; compost ; climate change ; hydroponics ; growing medium ; life cycle analysis ; organic bioresources ; peat alternatives ; renewable raw materials ; rockwool ; waste ; wood fibers ; soilless culture ; water soluble fertilizers ; vegetables ; Capsicum annuum L. ; Solanum melongena L. ; nutrients ; shape index ; UVR8 ; PPFD ; dose-dependent ; photosynthesis ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; phenolic compounds ; nutrient uptake ; nutrient variation ; simulation model ; sweet pepper ; restricted deficit irrigation ; soil moisture sensors ; nonchemical growth control ; water use efficiency ; peat ; growth ; cabbage ; Brassica ; emergence ; colored sweet peppers ; antioxidant activity ; phenolics ; ascorbic acid ; carotenoids ; solar and ultraviolet radiation ; peat replacement ; particle size ; calcium ; magnesium ; extractable nutrients ; dry weight ; N levels ; elevated CO2 ; open-top chamber ; nutrient transportation ; transpiration ; dilution effect ; Capsicum annuum ; flavonoids ; fluorescence monitoring ; bio-waste utilization ; NO3–N ; plant ; substrate ; container ; production ; growing media ; nursery production ; carbon ; peat moss ; bioenergy ; Solanum lycopersicum ; olive oil waste ; two-phase ; three-phase ; water sludge ; flower bud development ; flower number ; flower quality ; Gerbera jamesonii ; DLI ; urban agriculture ; simplified soilless culture ; conventional agriculture ; irrigation ; soilless substrates ; water ; coconut coir ; initial moisture ; mass wetness ; peatmoss ; pine bark ; wettability ; capillary rise ; container capacity ; capture rate ; available water ; dewpoint potentiometer ; pine tree substrate ; substrate processing ; surface-bound water ; unavailable water ; wood substrate ; organic and mineral substrates and mixtures ; laboratory characterization ; hydraulic properties ; physicochemical properties ; lettuce ; plant nutrient content ; Pelargonium zonale ; low-tech soilless cultivation system ; commercial quality ; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) ; rhizosphere ; plant factory ; plant quality ; plant yield ; microbiome ; beneficial bacteria ; germination ; nitrate content ; phenolic content ; antioxidant capacity ; microbial community ; nutrient solution concentration ; sweetpotato ; storage root ; leaf abscission ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This Special Issue provides an update on the state of the art and current trends in polymeric drug delivery systems specifically designed for improving drug bioavailability. The multiple contributions received further strengthen the role of polymers in modern drug delivery and targeting, illustrating the different approaches possible and unveiling what the future may bring.
    Keywords: Histoplasma capsulatum ; PLGA ; Itraconazole ; macrophage ; functionalized nanoparticle ; F4/80 receptor ; rutin ; nanocrystals ; anti-inflammatory ; hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin ; nanoparticles ; budesonide ; chitosan ; colon delivery ; eudragit ; pellets ; ferrisilicate ; PEG ; insulin ; encapsulation ; diabetic mellitus ; polypeptides ; drug delivery ; doxorubicin ; cancer ; topology of poly-l-cystein ; antimicrobial ; antifouling ; pH sensitivity ; zwitterionic polymers ; gamma radiation ; copolyester ; SPION ; cysteine ; bioconjugation ; and enzymatic release ; polymeric nanoparticles ; drug delivery and targeting ; ocular posterior segment ; oxidative stress ; retinal degeneration ; nerve growth factor ; peanut agglutinin ; zebrafish ; molecular dynamics simulation ; interaction energy ; hydrogen bonding ; solid dispersion ; hot melt extrusion ; amorphous formulation ; tacrolimus ; sucrose acetate isobutyrate ; amorphous solid dispersion ; dissolution ; stability ; pharmacokinetics ; phytomedicine ; nanosponges ; lactoferrin ; bioavailability ; MDA-MB-231 cells ; caspase-3 ; cyclin-D1 ; dendrimers ; Janus nanoparticles ; biocompatibility ; nanoformulation ; pharmaceuticals ; 3D printing ; hybrid scaffold ; polycaprolactone ; vancomycin ; mesenchymal stem cells ; tissue engineering ; drug delivery systems (DDSs) ; osteomyelitis ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Lipid-based nanosystems, including solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), cationic lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and liposomes, have been extensively studied to improve drug delivery through different administration routes. The main advantages linked to these systems are the ability to protect, transport, and control the release of lipophilic and hydrophilic molecules (either small molecular weight or macromolecules); the use of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) excipients that minimize the toxicity of the formulations; and the possibility to modulate pharmacokinetics and enable the site-specific delivery of encapsulated payloads. In addition, the versatility of lipid-based nanosystems has been further demonstrated through the delivery of vaccines, protection of cosmetic actives, or improvement in the moisturizing properties of cosmetic formulations. Currently, lipid-based nanosystems are well established, and there are already different commercially approved formulations for different human disorders. This success has actually paved the way to diversifying the pipeline of development, upon addressing unmet medical needs for several indications, such as cancer; neurological disorders; and autoimmune, genetic, and infectious diseases. This Special Issue aims to update readers on the latest research on lipid-based nanosystems, both at the preclinical and clinical levels.
    Keywords: design of experiment ; porcine mucous membrane ; ophthalmic tissues ; permeation ; nanostructured lipid carriers ; gentiopicroside ; phospholipid complex ; self-nanoemulsion drug delivery system ; oral bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics ; antioxidants ; marine bio-waste ; bioactive compounds ; neurodegenerative diseases ; NLC ; solid lipid nanoparticles ; SLN ; intranasal administration ; nose-to-brain ; exosome ; drug loading ; exosomal delivery ; large-scale production ; lipid nanoparticles ; mucoadhesion ; ocular bioavailability ; surface modification ; liposomes ; baricitinib ; JAK-inhibitor ; transepidermal delivery ; skin permeation ; lipid NPs ; breast cancer ; siRNA delivery ; gene silencing ; personalized therapy ; bimatoprost ; central composite design ; glaucoma ; HET-CAM test ; solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) ; perillyl acid ; biodistribution ; empty lipid nanoparticles ; reactogenicity ; xenobiotics ; ionizable lipids ; isoniazid ; in vivo pharmacokinetics ; drug release profile ; histopathological toxicity ; mannosylation ; nanocarriers ; Chagas disease ; Trypanosoma cruzi ; in vivo assays ; quality by design ; plumbagin ; diabetes ; in vitro ; niosomes ; levosulpiride ; antidepressant ; acute toxicity ; in vivo imaging ; bioavailability ; cisplatin ; co-encapsulation ; mifepristone ; synergism ; gefitinib ; lipid ; surfactant ; stability ; breast cancer cell ; MTT assay ; anticancer ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: The eradication of vector-borne diseases is threatened by the limited range of available insecticides, leading, inevitably, to the development of resistance. This is particularly concerning for malaria control, which relies heavily on insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual sprays (IRS). New chemistries are being developed, and innovative deployment of insecticides may play a role in overcoming resistance, either through new types of tools or new means of distribution. A variety of novel product types and vector control strategies are under development and evaluation, which is to be celebrated, but a strong evidence base is needed to guide effective operational deployment decisions. Novel approaches should be supported by robust data collected using appropriate and validated methods to monitor efficacy, durability, and any emerging resistance. This reprint presents original research into developing and characterizing new vector control products, as well as understanding and monitoring insecticide resistance. Review articles explore the impact of insecticide resistance and offer guidance on insecticide choice in the face of pyrethroid resistance. Consensus methodologies are presented, in the form of standard operating procedures (SOPs) designed to be adopted and used to generate reproducible data that can be compared and interpreted across and between studies. It is hoped that this collection of articles offers inspiration and guidance on how consistent data can be generated to inform more effective development, evaluation, and use of new and existing vector control tools.
    Keywords: prallethrin ; insecticide ; spatial treatment ; mosquito fitness ; protection ; pyrethroids ; Aedes albopictus ; Culex pipiens ; life tables ; mosquito ; bite-proof garment ; model ; textile ; non-insecticidal ; physical barrier ; insecticide selection ; out-crossing ; strain authentication ; laboratory screening ; pyrethroid ; pyrethroid resistance ; insecticide resistance ; insecticide resistance management ; vector control ; malaria ; malaria control ; Anopheles ; host-seeking behavior ; insecticide exposure ; pathogen transmission ; Aedes aegypti ; Anopheles gambiae ; ATSB ; Culex quinquefasciatus ; Iroquois ; RNAi ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; yeast ; Anopheles mosquito ; fertility ; ovary development ; pyriproxyfen (PPF) ; side-effects ; machine learning ; image classification ; automated identification ; convolutional neural network ; insecticide-treated net (ITN) ; PBO ITN ; synergist ITN ; dual-AI ITN ; insecticide resistance management (IRM) ; method validation ; durability monitoring ; bioinsecticide ; disease transmission ; insecticide-resistance ; mosquito-borne disease ; mosquito control ; natural compounds ; phytochemical ; malaria vector ; insecticide treated nets ; cytochrome P450s ; kdr ; cuticular resistance ; deltamethrin ; imidacloprid ; bifenthrin ; β-cyfluthrin ; etofenprox ; α-cypermethrin ; λ-cyhalothrin ; thiacloprid ; mosquitoes ; Attractive Toxic Sugar Bait (ATSB) ; Attractive Targeted Sugar Bait (ATSB) ; diagnostic bioassay ; resistance monitoring ; insecticide-treated nets (ITN) ; strain characterisation ; method development ; product evaluation ; quality control (QC) ; dual active ingredients (dual-AI) ; bioefficacy ; IRS ; application technology ; broflanilide ; clothianidin ; pirimiphos-methyl ; WHO tube ; WHO tunnel test ; ITNs ; interceptor ; interceptor G2 ; membrane ; human arm ; rabbit ; bioassay ; bio-efficacy ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) is an advanced quantitative approach focusing on individualized treatment optimization. MIPD integrates mathematical models of drugs and diseases combined with individual patient characteristics (e.g., genotype, anthropometric factors, and organ function). MIPD has been highlighted as a useful tool for drug dosage selection in both the drug development process and clinical practice and it is a rapidly growing discipline that is supported by the main drug regulatory agencies. Despite the potential benefits of this methodology toward personalized medicine, its application is still limited. The Special Issue presented here includes several PKPD and PBPK models focused on improving the current state of art regarding the PK behaviour of different drugs with the aim of improving the efficacy/safety balance of these treatments and their clinical outcome; the Special Issue is intended to be of particular interest for clinical pharmacologists, pharmacometricians, and specific clinicians who routinely use the considered drugs.
    Keywords: model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) ; efficacy PKPD indexes ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; PKPD modeling and simulation ; dosing algorithms ; nomograms ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This reprint presents groundbreaking discoveries, practical techniques, and rigorous analyses related to the cultivation, preparation, and exploitation of mycelium composites. The papers cover a wide range of topics, including functional modifications of mycelium with inorganic particles, modifying and assessing the mechanical properties of mycelium composites, strategies for improving the flexural behaviour of composites, beehives from fungal materials, bio-welding and reinforcement of composites, bioreactors for fungal production, co-production of composites by fungi and bacteria, growing large-scale mycelium structures, sound absorption by composites, and the geometrical parameterisation of fungi. This informative compendium of techniques, methods, and insights on growing fungal material appeals to readers from all walks of life, from high school pupils to university professors, from mathematicians, computer scientists, and engineers to chemists, from craft practitioners to industrial producers of fungal materials, and from biologists to architects and artists.
    Keywords: mycelium-based composites ; additive manufacturing ; bio-based materials ; circular construction ; digital fabrication ; mycelium ; bio-composites ; bio-fabrication ; ultrasonic welding ; wood printing ; robotic fabrication ; reinforced composites ; natural fiber reinforced polymers ; NFRP ; growing materials ; rattan ; lightweight structure ; architecture ; structural design ; computational design ; subtractive manufacturing ; circular economy ; compressive structures ; compressive strength ; digital image correlation ; masonry ; growth ; mechanical properties ; materials science ; mycelium-based composite ; biomaterials ; natural composites ; bacterial cellulose ; biocompatibility ; knitted fabric ; material tinkering ; lignocellulosic fibers ; natural fiber reinforcement ; mechanical characteristics ; manufacturing variables ; nanoclay ; fungal fruiting bodies ; parametric design thinking ; plasticity ; linearity ; non-linearity ; biohybrid architecture ; bio fabrication ; living architecture ; beehive ; 3D printing ; mycelium materials ; symbiosis ; multispecies architecture ; healthy materials ; binding capacity ; bio-adhesives ; building biomaterials ; fungal mycelium ; mechanical performance ; acoustic materials ; sound absorption ; fungal architecture ; myceliated material ; living material ; sustainability ; biotechnology ; compression ; bending ; waste upcycling ; mycoremediation ; myco-materials ; myco-fabrication ; sustainable buildings ; sustainable structures ; architectural design ; material ethics ; modular chain bioreactor ; solid-state fermentation ; mycelium production ; Ganoderma lucidum ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Greenhouse cultivation provides an artificially controlled environment for the year-round production of vegetables, and has played an increasingly important role in agriculture production systems in recent decades. Recent works have shown that improving greenhouse conditions can promote the growth of vegetables and enhance the uptake of nutrients, leading to better vegetable quality. Meanwhile, greenhouse conditions not only directly influence soil nutrient cycling processes and properties, but also indirectly affect them by regulating vegetable root growth and plant–soil interactions. This Special Issue features twelve original research articles that deal with the effects of novel greenhouse practices and strategies on the yield and quality of horticulture crops, as well as greenhouse soil properties. Among these publications, three studied the effects of fertilizers, including organic and macro- and micro-nutrient fertilizers, on the growth and nutrient uptake of vegetables. Two articles described the effects of water and nutrient supply using irrigation or hydroponic supplying systems on the yield and quality of vegetables. Four articles investigated the effects of environmental conditions (mainly light and temperature) on the growth and quality of vegetables. In terms of degenerated greenhouse soil, three articles showed how reductive soil disinfestation decreased soil salinity, improved soil quality, and inactivated soil-borne pathogens.
    Keywords: daily light integral ; cucumber seedling ; seedling quality ; flower development ; boron ; application methods ; growth ; fruit quality ; tomato ; protected greenhouse ; soilless culture ; poultry manure ; yield enhancement ; cucumber ; univariate analysis ; multivariate analysis ; nutrient uptake ; sweet onion ; nerokremmydo ; aeroponic ; floating ; nutrient film technique ; bulb ; application rate ; nitrate ; organic acid ; soil-borne pathogens ; soil pH ; sulfate ; growth rate ; root morphology ; ammonium to nitrate ratio ; nutrient solution composition ; nitrogen efficiency ; net assimilation rate (NAR) ; leaf nitrogen ; fruit temperature ; dry matter ; chlorophyll ; microbial activity ; organic fertilizer ; plastic shed cultivation system ; reductive soil disinfestation ; soil quality ; aromatic substances ; carbon exportation ; flavor quality ; nutrient and function indicator ; overall appearance ; microbial community ; microbial function ; co-occurrence network ; soil ecosystem ; alternate drip irrigation under mulch ; water ; zeolite amount ; tomato growth ; water use efficiency ; principal component ; solar radiation ; humidity ; temperature ; irrigation water use efficiency ; yield ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Nowadays, diet-related non-communicable diseases and their complications are one of the most important public health problems worldwide. Food supplements and functional foods are considered food products which contribute to the achievement of optimal nutritional well-being, health status, and quality of life through reducing the risk of diseases and promoting the appropriate function of human organs and systems. Nowadays, the assessment of these functional foods and the study of their implications in nutrition and health are important challenges in societies of developed countries where consumers increasingly demand foods with added value beyond the provision of nutrients and the satisfaction of appetite. In this reprint, the characterization of the nutritional composition and phytochemicals of functional foods and food supplements as well as the evaluation of their potential health benefits in different disorders and diseases through clinical trials or preliminary studies are addressed.
    Keywords: food supplement ; folic acid ; pregnancy ; food safety ; health claims ; nutrition ; Amazonian fruits ; composition ; metabolic effects ; royal jelly ; acetylcholine ; fatty acid ; ophthalmology ; dry eye ; magnesium ; pharmacy ; food supplements ; drugstore ; functional foods ; healthy eating ; credibility ; extrinsic attributes ; conjoint analysis ; Mediterranean diet ; phytonutrients ; dietary recommendations ; healthy diet ; polyphenols ; flavonoids ; carotenoids ; organosulfur ; caffeine ; antidiabetic activity ; antioxidant activity ; inhibition of α-glucosidase ; inhibition of α-amylase ; inhibition of collagenase ; kombucha ; bacteria ; yeast ; metagenome ; metabolome ; tea polyphenols ; antioxidants ; Glossogyne tenuifolia ; exercise ; forelimb grip strength ; lactate ; ammonia ; creatine kinase ; medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) ; obesity ; energy expenditure ; diet-derived fat ; postprandial resting metabolism ; sedentary ; octanoic acid ; decanoic acid ; creatine ; magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; cost-effectiveness ; brain ; muscle ; healthcare ; anthocyanins ; organosulfur compounds ; tannins ; phenolic acids ; Persea americana ; non-alcoholic liver disease ; liver enzymes ; inflammation ; oxidative stress ; novel foods ; novel ingredients ; extracts ; risk assessment ; dietary supplements ; HPLC ; food authenticity ; neural tube defects ; food ; food analysis ; food ingredients ; infant formula ; kynurenic acid ; (poly)phenol-based supplement ; pharmacokinetics ; urinary excretion ; bioavailability ; inter-individual variability ; non-invasive brain stimulation ; TMS ; a-tDCS ; indicaxanthin ; brain food ; cortical excitability ; homeostatic plasticity ; trans-resveratrol ; regulation ; labels ; nutrition claims ; high-performance thin-layer chromatography ; HPTLC ; glutamine ; intestinal stem cells ; crypt ; proliferation ; burns ; micronutrient ; health claim ; labeling ; European legislation ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue is a collection of research topics on developing analytical and bioanalytical methods for isolation, identification, and determination of substances in biomedical and pharmaceutical matrices. Special attention is given to advancements in sample preparation, separation techniques and novel detection methods of small molecules, peptides, and monoclonal antibodies. The presented analytical methods exhibit several applications, including pharmacokinetic studies, therapeutic drug monitoring, microdialysis, toxicology, disease screening or drug stability study. Two comprehensive review articles were also presented on applying capillary electrophoresis to analyze bioactive compounds in herbal matrices.
    Keywords: CNS ; sulfasalazine ; brain to plasma ratio ; LC-ESI-TOF-MS ; rituximab ; quadripolar mass spectrometer ; albumin depletion ; pharmacokinetics ; orbitrap mass spectrometer ; IgG-immunocapture ; bubble-generating magnetic liposomes ; bionic membrane ; permeable compounds ; herbal medicines ; LC–MS ; capillary electrophoresis ; herbal ; raw material ; tea ; polyphenols ; flavonoids ; amino acids ; coumarins ; alkaloids ; chlorambucil and valproic acid ; HPLC-UV and GC-MS methods ; optimization and validation ; determination in plasma ; combined anticancer therapy ; herbal drugs ; medicinal plants ; quality control ; quantitative analysis ; pharmaceutical analysis ; 4-acetamidobenzoic acid ; validation ; pharmacokinetic ; pigs ; LC-MS/MS ; iron determination ; spectrophotometry ; flow analysis ; direct injection detector ; multi-pumping flow system ; medical errors ; hospital workflow ; patient safety ; Raman spectroscopy ; IV drugs ; piperacillin ; tazobactam ; non-invasively ; vildagliptin ; remogliflozin ; ratio derivative spectrophotometry ; determination ; formulation ; ecofriendly ; confidence interval ; stability ; retrospective analysis ; sample size ; regulatory bioanalysis ; bioanalytical method validation ; heparin ; metal–organic framework ; zeolite imidazolate framework-8 ; kinetic ; thermodynamic ; Oncheong-eum ; traditional herbal prescription ; method development ; method validation ; high-performance liquid chromatography ; thalassemia ; human hemoglobin ; wooden-tip electrospray ionization ; multiply charged ions ; mass spectrometry ; multiply charged ion ; GC–MS ; analytical QbD ; genotoxic impurity ; alkyl halide ; (Q)SAR ; analytical method development ; tyrosine kinase inhibitor ; liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry ; active metabolite ; therapeutic drug monitoring ; chronic lymphocytic leukemia ; assay error equation ; oral anticancer drug ; IWR-1-endo ; Wnt signaling inhibitor ; solid-phase extraction ; cerebral microdialysis ; bioanalysis ; Tafamidis ; polymorphs ; crystal structure ; powder diffraction ; thermal stability ; blood collection tubes ; citrate anticoagulant ; direct spectrometric determination ; quality control method ; anticoagulant concentration ; draw volume ; anticoagulant volume ; magnesium contamination ; potassium contamination ; Agrimonia pilosa ; apigenin-7-O-glucuronide ; cream ; HPLC-DAD ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The exposure of animals to environmental stresses (restraint, bad housing conditions, irradiation, pollution, diseases, and heat stress) and endogenous stresses (metabolic and physiological disorders) can seriously disrupt the redox homeostasis, leading to impairments in animals’ health and overall performance. Under these circumstances, the self-antioxidant defense system may not be enough to neutralize ROS effects. In this context, the utilization of an exogenous source of antioxidants, mainly dietary sources, may present an effective and cost-effective solution. There are a plethora of substances, either naturally occurring or synthesized (organic acids, minerals, vitamins, hormones, and specific feed additives originating from plants such as essential oils and polyphenols), known for their antioxidant activity, that can be used to maintain adequate redox status in animals in order to preserve their well-being and/or productivity. This area of research still needs more investigations in order to clearly elucidate the effective antioxidant substances that could be used in practical applications, with an emphasis on their biological mechanisms during different physiological conditions and health statuses. We intend to bring together current research concerning the role of antioxidant substances either from natural sources or those synthesized for improving animal production, reproduction, health, and welfare.
    Keywords: antinutrient ; enzyme ; fermentation ; fiber ; gut health ; microbiota ; meta-analysis ; poultry ; prebiotic ; antioxidants ; growth ; heat stress ; rabbit ; selenium ; spirulina ; zinc ; broiler ; dietary protein level ; phytogenic feed additive ; growth performance ; immune response ; exercise ; endurance ; undenatured type II collagen ; anti-inflammatory ; cardiac injury markers ; oxidative stress ; histopathology ; Bcl-2 ; Bax ; TGF-β1 ; date palm (pollen extract) ; doxorubicin ; nitrocompounds ; nitropropanol ; nitroethanol ; biochemical parameters ; oregano essential oil ; temperature ; sea bass ; cornelian cherry extract ; glucose transporter ; gene expression ; oxidative biomarker ; chicken ; cyclic heat stress ; Spirulina platensis ; redox status ; serum metabolites ; blood hematology ; meat quality ; fipronil ; boswellic acid ; PCNA ; semen ; fertility-related markers ; Oreochromis niloticus ; antioxidant ; hematology ; nitric oxide ; lysozyme ; copper toxicity ; vitamin C ; vitamin E ; hematological parameters ; phytogenic ; phenols ; antimicrobial activity ; immunity ; phenolic antioxidant ; olive oil ; caprine ; spermatozoa ; Bayesian inference ; Duroc breed boars ; biochemistry ; blood parameters ; feeding time ; correlation coefficients ; Turraea fischeri ; polyphenolics ; semen cryopreservation ; sperm ultrastructure ; antioxidant biomarker ; apoptosis ; nano particles ; performance ; blood ; pathogens ; quails ; carcass traits ; blood biochemical constituents ; abdominal fat color ; meat fatty acid profile ; liver histology ; broilers ; Eimeria tenella ; broiler chickens ; oocyst shedding ; volatile fatty acids ; feed efficiency ; cecal health ; active yeast ; antioxidant status ; nutrient density ; trace element ; laying hen performance ; high temperature ; inflammation ; cryopreservation ; tannin ; polyphenols ; semen additives ; carcass ; fructooligosaccharide ; haemato-biochemical parameters ; cecal microbiota ; propolis ; bee pollen ; productive performance ; fertility ; Holstein ; folic acid ; pregnancy ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: The externalization of animals’ genetic potential is determined by a number of external factors, of which feeding plays a major role. Animals’ nourishment is one of the most important levers to ensure the efficiency of animal production due to both the high share of feed costs in the total cost of products and the influence this has on the growth, reproduction, and health of animals as well as the quality of products obtained from these. This field is one of the most dynamic in the field of husbandry sciences due to the takeover and permanent use of numerous results obtained from research on energy metabolism and nutrients related to the composition of feed and its influence on animal products. This is also due to the great advances in genetics, which create new types of animals with increasing productive potential, but also with different food requirements. This Special Issue collated innovative papers on animal nutrition, physiology, chemistry, biochemistry, genetics, reproduction, and breeding technologies. The articles covered a wide range of topics related to feed quality, the influence of food on the production level, the quality of production, and also on animals’ health.
    Keywords: carcass yield ; commercial cuts ; low cost ; neutral detergent fiber ; non-fiber carbohydrate ; Yucca schidigera ; antimicrobial ; secondary metabolites ; sustainability ; pollution ; production ; food animals ; Ajuga iva ; chemical composition ; nutritive value ; unconventional feeds ; phenolic ; growing conditions ; dairy buffaloes ; farming environment ; reproductive and productive performances ; feeding trial ; mozzarella cheese ; sensory properties ; alternative feed ; degradability ; fractions ; ram ; sperm quality ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; apparent digestibility ; honey ; quality ; phenolic content ; flavonoid content ; Pearson’s correlation ; female camels ; milk ; minerals ; heavy metals ; winter ; total mixed ration ; paddlefish ; meat quality ; fatty acids ; biological value ; body condition score ; ewes ; reproductive traits ; flushing ; animal production ; genetic diversity ; grey cattle ; mitochondrial DNA ; Podolian cattle ; European catfish ; somatometry ; corporal indice ; flesh yield ; nutritional quality ; lactation ; manganese ; reproductive performance ; sows ; AP monitoring ; IoT ; AP estimation ; decision support ; livestock farming ; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; meat ; chicken ; duck ; turkey ; phenols ; flavonoids ; FTIR ; rearing system ; birds’ welfare condition ; biochemical analysis ; productive parameters ; food and feed safety ; yeasts and molds ; Salmonella spp. ; Escherichia coli ; Clostridium perfringens ; rabbit ; hare ; lipid health indices ; water-holding capacity ; cooking loss ; egg weight ; shell weight ; fractional reduction ; deletion method ; reproduction ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint focuses on fish otoliths, as one of the most useful and important biological structures for fishery scientists and managers around the world. Collected papers cover several different research areas, from the otolith macro- to the microstructure and microchemistry, analyzing different types of otoliths and investigating various freshwater and marine species in their larval, juvenile and adult stages. Special attention is given to different approaches in otolith research and to many practical applications of such studies. The obtained data served to determine the age and growth of individual fish; to study habitat interactions, migration patterns, or habitats that the fish live in; to detect water temperatures or the presence of certain pollutants in the environment; and to reveal all other vital information about the life history of the fish.
    Keywords: sagittal otolith ; somatic growth ; long-lived fishes ; ontogeny ; teleost anatomy ; development ; fish morphology ; Fourier ; marking ; alizarin complexone ; hard tissue ; fin ray ; otolith ; scale ; silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) ; age ; growth ; otoliths ; morphometry ; Sphyraena sphyraena ; fish age determination ; Greenland halibut ; deep learning ; dataset shift ; domain adaptation ; red snapper ; wavelet ; genetic diversity ; population structure ; asteriscus ; side effect ; otolith shape ; geographical effect ; temperature effect ; pH ; brook trout ; fish kill ; anadromy ; otolith microchemistry ; crucian carp ; strontium ; marking efficiency ; restocking ; time delay ; fish otoliths ; CNN ; age determination ; web tool ; Kokanee ; homing ; stocking ; Anguilla anguilla ; fish biology ; ecosystem variability ; minho river ; stock assessment ; Coilia nasus ; river estuary ; Yellow Sea ; elemental signature ; stable isotopic signature ; stock spatial structure ; atherinids ; trade-off ; daily growth ; spawning ; European hake ; length–frequency distribution ; sex-ratio ; hydro-morpho-sedimentary characteristics ; marginal increment analysis ; band deposition ; Thunnus thynnus ; growth curves ; edge analysis ; growth performance index ; quartile of marginal growth band method ; k-fold cross-validation ; back-calculation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue focuses on feeding and feed technology advances and challenges in aquaculture. These are of particular interest since aquaculture and fisheries are considered crucial sources of animal protein in human diets, providing around 17% of global edible animal protein. Special attention is given to alternative sources of fish meal and how substitutions can influence the metabolism, immune response, and disease resistance of the targeted species. Moreover, the impact of plant extracts on growth performances, physiological responses, immunity, and intestinal health is addressed.
    Keywords: Pacific bluefin tuna ; squid meal ; krill meal ; heat treatment ; growth performance ; dietary protein ; glycolipid metabolism ; immune response ; Streptococcus agalactiae ; high temperature ; Macleaya cordata extract ; serum lipid ; antioxidant ability ; intestinal microbiota ; intestinal health ; Anguilla rostrata ; feed additives ; immune gene expressions ; antioxidant defensive system ; Spirulina ; digestive enzymes ; hepatic enzymes ; gene expression ; aquaculture ; cyanobacteria ; Bangladesh ; children ; dry fish ; malnutrition ; minerals ; nutrients ; protein ; vitamins ; women ; whitebait ; larval diet ; formulated feed ; PUFA ; HUFA ; herbal medicines ; growth ; striped catfish ; immunity ; largemouth bass ; pompano ; amberjack ; red drum ; algal oil ; olive flounder ; fish meal replacement ; meat meal ; regression analysis ; innate immune response ; Lamiaceae ; fish ; health ; antioxidant ; nutrition ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Yarrowia lipolytica ; Haematococcus pluvialis ; astaxanthin ; pigmentation deposit ; antioxidation ; Ctenopharyngodon idellus ; Phragmites australis ; serum biochemistry ; immune-related factors ; immune gene ; alternative protein source ; essential amino acid ; insect meal ; protein replacement ; T. tinca ; whole-body composition ; feed ; insects ; innovation ; sustainability ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNA Agribusiness and primary industries::KNAF Fisheries and related industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: Weeds are the most important biological factor that affects yield in herbaceous and perennial crops. Nowadays, following the recommendations of government institutions and public opinion, there is an urgent need to search for sustainable weed management practices that have a low impact on the environment and on the health of living organisms. This reprint, established after closing the Special Issue “Sustainable Weed Management” edited by Dr. Alessia Restuccia and Dr. Aurelio Scavo, is a collection of papers (17 research articles and 1 review) related to the recent advancements in sustainable weed control methods and to the biotic and abiotic factors affecting weed adaptation.
    Keywords: cover crop ; weed management ; seed bank ; weed associations ; species richness ; multivariate analysis ; sustainability ; crop competition ; cultural management ; rainfall ; rain-fed agriculture ; seed production ; weed suppression ; weed density ; alternative weed management ; buffalobur ; crop and herbicide rotation ; herbicide efficacy ; surfactant ; terpenes ; mechanism of action ; germination inhibitors ; crops ; allelopathy ; phytochemicals ; P. hysterophorus ; germination ; growth ; herbicide resistance ; resistance mechanisms ; NTSR mechanisms ; TSR mechanisms ; metabolism ; organic ; no-till ; agroecology ; competition ; dispersal ; landscape ; oilseed rape ; sustainable weed management ; growth curve ; plant traits ; elevation gradient ; climate change ; invasive plant species ; Ophraella communa ; invasive species management ; contact herbicide ; pelargonic acid ; esterified seed oil ; foliar penetration ; adjuvant ; tank-mix partner ; non-chemical weed management ; rare weeds ; weed control ; winter wheat ; Chinese elm ; woody weed ; chemical control ; stem implantation ; Olea europaea L. ; Mediterranean basin ; agroecological practices ; minimum tillage ; zero tillage ; pollinating and predatory insects ; agroforestry ; intercropping ; consociation ; weeds ; barley ; false seedbed ; cropping system ; bioherbicides ; compost processing ; coniferous volatiles ; Pinus densiflora ; Pinus koraiensis ; thermal resistance ; durum wheat ; seed germination ; polyphenols ; flavonoids ; Portulaca oleracea ; Stellaria media ; rice ; cultural methods ; herbicides ; impacts ; soil microorganisms ; soil enzymes ; Triticum durum ; soil seedbank ; species diversity ; weed communities ; old landraces ; multivariate statistics ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany & plant sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The business model concept has gained a prominent position both in academia and among practitioners during the past 30+ years. The aim of this Special Issue of Systems is to contribute to a stronger theoretical basis for the business model concept. This includes a focus on the systemic character of business models and the systems approaches that this entails. Another important aspect is to allocate more attention to innovations of business models. The business models that emerged with e-commerce and e-business as such were in themselves innovations. However, innovations of business models have received too little attention. Most of the business models analyzed and discussed in the business model literature have been rather static instead of dynamic. This is the reason why this Special Issue of Systems, entitled ‘Business Model—the Perspective of Systems Thinking and Innovation’, has been developed.
    Keywords: digital business models ; digital economy ; network effects ; digital business model innovation ; digital innovation ; systems thinking ; Rich Picture ; complexity ; Netflix ; port supply chain ; blockchain ; smart contract ; probabilistic model checking ; luxury hotel ; COVID-19 ; marketing ; human resource ; efficiency ; TRIZ ; decision making ; social commerce ; e-commerce ; social media ; business model ; network steam ; business model innovation ; blitz canvas ; process-driven business models ; business model canvas ; lean startups ; adaptability ; ecological fitness ; entropy ; environment ; growth ; stability ; start-ups ; survival ; synchronous ; sustainability ; system design thinking ; system innovation ; designer ; open system approach ; product innovation ; attention allocation ; strategic attentions ; external information sources ; absorptive capacity ; organizational learning ; service design ; digital technology ; experience innovation ; cultural heritage ; supply chain system ; data sharing ; access control ; system verification ; supply chain ; data ownership ; data asset trading ; block chain ; demand-side economies of scope ; economies of scale ; Big Tech corporations ; business models ; system dynamics ; agriculture value chain ; farmers behavior ; fresh products production ; incumbents ; innovation management ; exploration ; renewal ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: Rural development is an essential constituent of the global economy. However, within agriculture, a decrease in the quantity and quality of crop harvest and livestock productivity is observed due to a deterioration in soil fertility, environment, and irrational use of natural resources. At the same time, agricultural areas are under pressure from population growth, requiring more food production. As a result, it encourages people to move into intact primary areas in order to increase the area of crops, pastures, etc., which leads to the destruction of natural diversity. The solution to avoid disaster is increasing agricultural production efficiency to expand crop harvest and livestock productivity without deteriorating quality. It requires introducing innovative engineering technologies to agriculture. Fortunately, technology is developing rapidly nowadays, and new driving scientific forces are emerging. The Special Issue collected high-quality research and review articles from academics and industry-related researchers in the areas of Agricultural Engineering covering the following topics: harvesting and planting crops, livestock production, livestock and agrofood waste utilization, seed treatment and transportation, water treatment, agricultural robotic applications, solutions for digital and precision agriculture, hardware and software support for pest and weed control, machine learning, energy efficiency and conservation in agriculture.
    Keywords: microclimate ; ceiling fans ; electric thermal storage unit ; energy–saving ; heat supply system ; discrete element method ; soybean seed ; ellipsoidal shape ; parameter calibration ; rolling friction coefficient ; pulsed LED light ; continuous LED ; scanning LED light ; energy saving ; lettuce ; vertical farms ; growth ; cultivation ; pneumatic seeder ; pressure loss characteristics ; complex airway ; airway optimization ; harvesting ; force action ; potato ; working body ; harvesting machines ; device for assessing the suitability for harvesting ; transition metal ; charge compensator ; red emission ; artificial lighting ; photosynthetic pigments ; count red jujubes ; red jujube ; improved YOLOv5s ; ShuffleNet V2 Unit ; Stem ; BiFPN ; impact sprinkler ; non-circular nozzle ; water distribution ; aspect ratio ; 2D video disdrometer ; droplet kinetic energy distribution ; wild blueberry ; Vaccinium angustifolium ; Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi ; deep learning ; coordinated attention ; synthetic data ; prediction accuracy ; multi-objective evolutionary algorithms ; double wishbone mechanisms ; multibody dynamics ; pareto solution set ; amaranth inflorescence wastes ; pyrolysis ; thermogravimetric analysis ; hydrocarbon rich bio-oil ; indoor climate ; air cooling ; water-evaporative systems ; sprayed panels ; heat recovery units ; technological process ; rod elevator ; lifting angle ; displacement ; experiment ; cleaning machine ; grain plants seeds ; Fusarium ; photoluminescence ; linear regression models ; green cold chain delivery ; fresh agricultural products ; customer value ; time-dependent road network ; biomass ; Amaranthus retroflexus ; bio-oil ; biochar ; WCH ; DCH ; feed length of the stalk ; conveying performance ; fuel consumption ; high-voltage electrical pulse ; processing ; plant tissue ; irreversible damage ; intracellular structure ; green energy supply ; agricultural electrification ; high-efficiency photovoltaic equipment ; complex energy supply systems ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue published one editorial, eight articles and four reviews from approximately one hundred authors. It aimed to provide cutting-edge research on pre-clinical development and the clinical translation of radiopharmaceuticals within the molecular imaging community. The Special Issue covered radioligand development, existing radiotracer optimization, imaging agent evaluation in animal models, the clinical production of radiopharmaceuticals, and investigative research on the use of molecular imaging probes in human subjects. We appreciate all the authors’ significant contributions to this Special Issue and hope the readers will enjoy the content.
    Keywords: nanoparticle ; multimodal imaging ; photoacoustic ; heterobivalent peptide ; Alzheimer’s disease ; amyloid-beta ; animal model ; astrocyte ; blood–brain barrier ; imaging ; metabolism ; microglia ; neuroinflammation ; neurotransmitter receptors ; positron emission tomography ; synaptic density ; vascular imaging ; FDG ; PET/CT ; microvasculature imaging ; ABC-transporter ; drug-induced liver injury ; hepatotoxicity ; organic anion-transporting polypeptide ; pharmacokinetics ; liver function ; SLC-transporter ; V/Q PET/CT ; [68Ga]Ga-MAA ; 68Ga-labelled carbon nanoparticles ; glioblastoma ; fluorescence guided surgery ; 5-ALA ; fluorescein ; NIR-AZA ; magnetic resonance imaging ; high resolution ; hybrid imaging ; psychiatric disorders ; extracellular vesicles (EVs) ; umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC) ; diabetes ; I-124 ; positron emission tomography (PET) ; intravenous (I.V.) administration ; intra-arterial (I.A.) administration ; biodistribution ; fluorine-18 ; PET ; oxime ; PSMA ; lipophilicity ; radiometals ; copper-61 ; liquid targets ; post-processing ; [61Cu]Cu-DOTA-NOC ; [61Cu]Cu-DOTA-TOC ; [61Cu]Cu-DOTA-TATE ; FAP ; 99mTc-FAP inhibitor ; 99mTc-labeled iFAP ; tumor microenvironment ; SPECT ; GluN1/2B receptors ; NMDA ; [3H]ifenprodil ; σ1 and σ2 receptors ; receptor occupancy ; PET imaging ; drug development ; neurodegenerative diseases ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint covers a wide range of topics including, but not limited to, new analytical and bioanalytical methods relevant to the separation, identification, and determination of substances in pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, nanobiotechnology, clinical chemistry, and related disciplines; methods for the identification of bioactive compounds in functional foods and medicinal plants; applications of chromatography and allied techniques in biomedical sciences.
    Keywords: wild rice ; antioxidant ; macroporous resins ; LC-MS/MS ; phenolics ; procyanidins ; osimertinib ; UPLC-TOF-MS ; rat ; pharmacokinetics ; carbonyl derivatization ; phenylhydrazine ; phenylenediamine ; hydroxylamine ; water analysis ; lipoxidation ; lisdexamfetamine dimesylate ; impurities ; structural elucidation ; forced degradation ; HPLC validation ; chemical constituent profiles of Sinisan ; chinese medicine processing ; chinese medicinal formula compatibility ; Dendropanax morbifera leaf ; xanthine oxidase ; hyperuricemia ; HPLC ; advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) ; Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) ; Nε-(carboxyethyl) lysine (CEL) ; antler velvet processing ; UPLC-MS/MS ; Cinnamomum yabunikkei leaf ; elastase ; Citrus junos Seib ex TANAKA ; rhKGF-1 ; rhKGF-2 ; bioactivity ; cell-based bioassay ; method validation ; CYP450 enzyme ; cocktail probe drug ; RT-PCR ; galangin ; affecting factors ; amadori compound ; furosine ; Maillard reaction ; velvet antler processing ; Brazilian green propolis ; phenolic acids ; UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS ; quantitation ; methodological verification ; Glycyrrhizae Radix extract ; glycyrrhizin ; isoliquiritigenin ; liquiritigenin ; liquiritin ; LC–MS/MS analysis ; desoxo-narchinol A ; Nardostachys jatamansi ; bioavailability ; silybin ; silymarin product ; comparative pharmacokinetics ; ginsenosides ; red ginseng extract ; human ; acanthus ilicifolius herb ; phenylethanoid glycosides ; C.tricuspidata Bureau ; tyrosinase ; dialyzable leukocyte extract ; Transferon® ; complex mixture of peptides ; quality specifications ; biological potency ; development and validation ; Dioscorea nipponica Makino ; steroidal saponin ; HPLC-UV ; UPLC-QTOF/MS ; validation ; osteosarcoma ; apoptosis ; epinastine ; comparison ; SH-1242 ; 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(5-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)ethanone ; HPLC-MS/MS ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint is an excellent collection of articles that deal with difficult-to-treat infections in the ICU environment. Multiresistant bacteria and fungi create severe treatment problems to the physician charged with their care. We hope that this book will help everyday dilemmas and add useful information on difficult topics.
    Keywords: Acinetobacter ; pandrug-resistant ; antimicrobial combinations ; synergy ; renal replacement therapy ; Monte Carlo simulation ; antibiotics ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; microbiome ; probiotics ; intensive care unit ; dysbiosis ; ventilator-associated pneumonia ; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ; ECMO ; critical illness ; antibiotic choices ; HAP ; VAP ; colonization ; antibiotic pressure ; bloodstream infection ; bacteraemia ; sepsis ; septic shock ; empirical ; probabilistic antibiotics ; source control ; de-escalation ; ICU ; intensive care ; antimicrobial stewardship ; COVID-19 ; procalcitonin ; C-reactive protein ; presepsin ; infection ; biomarker ; guided antimicrobial therapy ; APACHE II score ; bacteremia ; broth microdilution ; colistin ; colistin-resistant ; Gram-negative ; mortality ; SOFA score ; candidemia ; incidence ; epidemiology ; Candida species ; non-albicans Candida species ; fluconazole resistance ; critically ill ; beta-lactam antibiotics ; Acinetobacter baumannii ; antibiotic optimisation ; antibiotic stewardship (AMS) ; aspiration pneumonia ; hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) ; multidrug-resistance (MDR) ; non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) ; polymicrobial ; pneumonia resolution ; ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) ; carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAb) ; infection control ; antimicrobial agents ; carbapenems ; antibiotic resistance ; clinical pharmacy services ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; salvage treatment ; double carbapenem ; newer β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitors ; cefiderocol ; eravacycline ; SARS-CoV-2 infection ; mechanical ventilation ; risk factors ; blood stream infection ; defined daily dose ; antibiotics utilization ; empiric ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Light is the main source of energy for the primary process that sustains life on our planet, known as photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the strategy adopted by many living organisms for capturing and incorporating energy, and it is under this context that light is primarily experienced, explored, and exploited. Plants perceive information from the ambient environment and communicate with other organisms using light. They have developed a plethora of photoreceptors that permit this communication with the surrounding environment. Additionally, the physical properties of light, such as the spectral quality, irradiance, intensity, and photoperiod, play an integral role in the morphogenesis, growth, and metabolism of many biochemical pathways in plants.To facilitate photosynthesis in controlled environments, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have been shown to offer interesting prospects for use in plant lighting designs in controlled-environment agriculture (greenhouses) and growth chambers for in vitro cultures. In high-technology greenhouses (for instance, vertical agriculture), artificial light may assume both assimilative (optimizing photosynthetic efficiency) and control functionality (guiding growth and development or the synthesis and accumulation of plant metabolites). In vitro cultures are regulated by different factors, and among them, light is the most important.
    Keywords: Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don ; alkaloid content ; callus ; in vitro culture ; LED lights ; light intensity ; saponarin ; isoorientin ; hexacosanol ; octacosanol ; fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase (FAR) ; blue LED ; flower bud formation ; number of flowers ; photoperiod ; photomorphogenesis ; blue photon flux density ; functional structural plant modelling ; indoor farming ; LED lighting ; artificial lighting ; energy use efficiency ; protected horticulture ; light exposure ; far-red illumination ; medicinal plants ; water use efficiency ; growth analysis ; canopy size ; incident light ; light interception ; light use efficiency ; mizuna ; projected canopy size ; quantum yield of photosystem II ; blue light ; Cucumis sativus L. (cucumber) ; green light ; light-emitting diode (LED) ; morphology ; photosynthesis ; red light ; intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) ; photostationary state of phytochrome (PSS) ; photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) ; yield photon flux (YPF) ; medicinal plant ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; flavones ; metabolites ; light-emitting diode ; daily light integral ; volatile organic compounds ; energy consumption ; plant morphology ; biomass efficacy ; sodium lamps ; plants cultivation ; silicon fertilizer ; red-leaved lettuce ; green-leaved lettuce ; CoeLux® ; LEDs ; light spectrum ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; growth and development ; confined environment ; low light ; mint ; monoterpenes ; solid phase microextraction (SPME) ; hydroponics ; LED supplement ; LED light ; fluorescent light ; UV light ; elicitation ; plant secondary metabolites ; plant in vitro cultures ; LED ; ascorbic acid ; chlorophylls ; carotenoids ; light quality ; tomato ; greenhouse ; light spectra ; root stock ; photosensors ; host-pathogen interaction ; resistance genes ; gene regulation ; bacterial growth ; Erwinia amylovora ; circadian rhythms ; optogenetics ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; optimal control ; supplemental lighting in greenhouses ; image processing ; light-emitting diodes (LEDs) ; intra-canopy illumination ; interlighting ; bell pepper ; fruit set ; daily light integral (DLI) ; Lactuca sativa ; plant factory ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; carbon isotope discrimination ; light fluence rate ; growth regulators ; alfalfa ; growth ; adaption ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Adaptation to external changes is necessary for all cells to survive and thrive in diverse environments. Key to these responses are the MAPK-mediated signaling pathways, intracellular communication routes that sense stimuli at the cell surface, and are ubiquitous in all eukaryotic organisms. In the case of fungi, MAPKs mediate essential processes, such as adaptation to environmental stresses, morphology regulation, or developmental processes. First studied in the early nineties in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the fungal cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway has proven to be a central MAPK-mediated signaling cascade conserved in the fungal kingdom. Cells need to sense cell wall-perturbing conditions and mount the appropriate salvage response. Understanding this CWI pathway-mediated compensatory mechanism is key for the development of cell wall-targeted antifungal therapies. Moreover, its functional roles go beyond the maintenance of this essential structure, reaching many other physiological aspects that have major implications in development or virulence.In this Special Issue, expert researchers in this relevant subject have contributed with seven reviews and eleven original articles to advance our understanding of the CWI pathway by covering different structural, regulatory, and functional aspects in distinct yeasts and filamentous fungi.
    Keywords: Wsc1 ; membrane sensor ; SMALP ; detergent-free extraction ; fluorescence correlation spectroscopy ; transmission electron microscopy ; 3D reconstruction ; fission yeast ; MAPK ; cell integrity pathway ; S. japonicus ; S. pombe ; protein kinase C ; Pmk1 ; dimorphism ; hyphae ; yeast ; cell wall integrity ; phosphorylation ; azoles ; clotrimazole ; cytokinesis ; actomyosin ring ; septum ; cell integrity ; fungi ; cell wall ; cell wall proteins ; signaling pathways ; stress tolerance ; mannoprotein ; budding yeast ; morphology ; CalMorph ; cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway ; PKC ; GTPases ; MAP kinase ; morphogenesis ; virulence ; pathogenesis ; Hrr25 ; Mec1 ; Tel1 ; Pkc1 ; hydroxyurea ; UV irradiation ; cell wall integrity (CWI) ; Mtl1 ; autophagy ; glucose ; mitophagy ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; histidine kinase ; Paracoccidioides ; paracoccidioidomycosis ; cell cycle ; Slt2 ; checkpoint ; DNA damage ; conjugation ; ploidy ; lysis ; Cell Integrity Pathway ; stress ; CWI pathway ; UPR ; glucosamine ; tunicamycin ; N-glycosylation ; cell wall integrity pathway ; MAPK substrate ; kinase assay ; fungal cell wall ; cysteine-rich domain ; PAN domain ; aromatic clusters ; filamentous fungi ; signaling pathway ; surface sensor ; mitogen-activated protein kinase ; plant pathogen ; application ; fungicide ; drug target ; culture ; productivity ; stress response ; screening ; transcription ; essential genes ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: We are pleased to introduce this collection of research papers entitled "Horticultural Plants Facing Stressful Conditions - Strategies for Stress Mitigation". This reprint comprises twelve research papers and a review paper exploring the impact of stress factors on plant growth and ways to eliminate or mitigate them. The studies investigate various plant species, including sunflowers, zinnias, orchids, buttercups, tomatoes, snap beans, lettuce, jojoba, grapevines, strawberries and apple trees. The impact of stress caused by high temperatures, spring frosts, drought, salinity, copper and asbestos on the physiological, biochemical and anatomical changes in plants at the cellular, tissue, organ and whole-plant levels was described by the authors. The presented issues are crucial for comprehending the metabolic, molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying the enhancement of plant resistance to environmental stresses. This reprint focuses on three essential topics: (1) using exogenous compounds and bioinoculants to increase stress tolerance, (2) improving the quality and nutritional value of fruits and vegetables and (3) planting ornamental plants in polluted areas. Each paper has been meticulously prepared and contains figures, tables and a list of references to support a deeper understanding of the subject matter. In our opinion, this revised reprint will benefit scientists who are specifically interested in horticulture, plant physiology, biochemistry, microbiology and environmental sustainability.
    Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum L. ; salinity ; quality ; nano-silicon ; plant hormones ; chlorophyll a fluorescence ; temperature ; solar radiation ; tolerance ; pigments ; proteins ; zinnia ; redox-active metal ; cell-wall lignification ; phenolics ; phenylpropanoid metabolic-pathway genes ; landscaping of urban areas ; antioxidant systems ; brassinolide ; grapevine ; ion accumulation ; leaf anatomy ; salt stress ; ultrastructure ; brassinosteroids ; strawberry ; growth ; stress ; Orchidaceae ; ornamental plant introduction ; serpentine outcrops ; stressful conditions ; adaptive responses ; plant water status ; redox balance ; non-enzymatic antioxidants ; nonessential elements ; moderate salinity ; biofortification ; gas exchange ; Lactuca sativa L. ; jojoba ; proline ; malondialdehyde ; total phenolic content ; climate change ; seawater ; ion leakage ; priming of defense ; G proteins ; calcium signaling ; mitogen-activated protein kinase ; phytohormones ; SA signaling ; JA signaling ; reactive oxygen species ; antioxidant proteins ; defense genes ; buttercup ; melatonin ; POD activity ; STI ; antioxidant enzymes ; nutrient homeostasis ; osmolytes ; Phaseolus vulgaris L ; polyamine oxidation ; putrescine and saline conditions ; adaptogenic preparations ; foliar sprays ; tolerance of spring frosts ; yield ; fruit quality ; drought ; high temperature ; antioxidants ; free radicals ; photosynthesis ; lipid peroxidation ; mitigation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint focuses on applied research on growth traits, fat reserves, fatty acid profiles and enriched diets and their effects on reproduction, health status and welfare. The studies contained in the volume have been carried out in both monogastric organisms and ruminants, fish, broilers or pigeons. Fundamental studies with rats or mice are also presented. The reader will find novel research about the effects of the degree of fatness and muscularity determined by ultrasound method on sows´ reproductive performance, genetic studies on fatty acid profiles and growth traits in rabbits and Gilthead Seabream; nutritional studies addressing diets enriched with bee pollen in rats, postbiotics in male rabbits, concentrate and bypass supplementations in buffaloes; and interesting studies on the welfare assessment of meat sheep, rabbits, racing pigeons, broilers, alpacas and llamas using body condition measurements.
    Keywords: gilts ; litter ; parity ; sows ; ultrasonography ; Aloka SSD-500 ; acrylamide ; alcohol ; diet ; bone health ; biochemical analysis ; morphological analysis ; microcomputed tomography ; mice ; Cornelian cherry ; diabetes mellitus ; bone quality ; biochemistry ; histomorphometry ; Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats ; body condition ; fertility ; litter size variability ; rabbits ; selection ; estradiol ; foetuses ; leptin ; NEFA ; progesterone ; perirenal fat thickness ; placenta ; ovulation rate ; cross-fostering ; piglets ; growth performance ; stress status ; immunoglobulin ; buffaloes ; economy ; growth ; Murrah crossbred ; Swamp ; fermented food ; hepatic profile ; lactic acid bacteria ; postbiotic ; rabbit ; semen profile ; bee pollen ; nutrition ; bone structure ; rat ; body condition score ; body measurements ; fat depots ; goats ; prediction equation ; ultrasound ; bypass fat ; buffalo ; concentrate ; performance ; supplementation ; blood biochemical ; cost analysis ; animal-based measures ; indicators ; sheep welfare ; stress ; South American camelids ; anaemia ; nutritional status ; emaciation ; clinical scores ; haematology ; control population ; genetic parameters ; growth rate ; slaughter weight ; variability of growth traits ; weaning weight ; Columba livia domestica ; infectious diseases ; serum corticosterone ; welfare ; fatty acid profile ; heritability ; gilthead seabream ; body weight ; moisture ; fat ; collagen ; protein ; embryo ; MUFA ; ovulation ; PUFA ; SFA ; broiler ileum ; cold stimulation ; immunoglobulins ; cytokines ; toll-like receptors ; heat shock proteins ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFZ Animals & society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Explore a decade of groundbreaking research in "10th Anniversary of Cells—Advances in Plant, Algae, and Fungi Cell Biology." This reprint offers a comprehensive journey into the realms of plant, algae, and fungi cell biology. Delve into the world of genomics, cellular defense mechanisms, mycorrhizal fungi, and the physiology of extremophile algae. A celebration of scientific excellence, this reprint is a valuable resource for researchers, educators, and enthusiasts passionate about these fascinating domains. Join us in commemorating a decade of discovery and advancement in cellular biology.
    Keywords: membrane proteins ; overproduction ; production platform ; protein purification ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; solute carrier 39 ; SLC39 ; family ; yeast ; zinc ; zinc transporters ; ZIPs ; Agave americana ; crassulacean acid metabolism ; genetic engineering ; Nicotiana sylvestris ; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase ; photosynthesis ; drought tolerance ; salt tolerance ; microalgae ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ; starch ; supraoptimal temperature ; cell cycle ; pilot-scale production ; DNA methylation ; Fusarium graminearum ; in vitro subcultures ; virulence reduction ; ddRAD-MCSeEd ; virulence genes ; 13C ; 14C ; aldol ; Calvin-Benson cycle ; light respiration ; isotope labeling ; cytokinin ; endocytosis ; cytoskeleton ; actin ; plant immunity ; induced resistance ; Parachlorella kessleri ; supra-optimal temperature ; energy reserves ; growth processes ; reproduction events ; deuterium ; deuterated starch ; deuterated lipid ; soft scale insects ; Ophiocordyceps ; symbiosis ; transovarial transmission ; Verticillium wilt ; Glomus viscosum Nicolson ; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; oxidative stress ; antioxidant systems ; defense ability ; ABI5 ; ABF ; AREB ; abiotic stress response ; abscisic acid ; phytohormone crosstalk ; salinity stress ; chloroplast ; plastid ; osmolytes ; osmotic adjustment ; reactive oxygen species ; herbivory ; membrane potential ; ion channel ; Arthrospira ; haloalkalotolerant cyanobacteria ; metagenomics ; phylogenomics ; fatty acid ; enveloped virus ; Ebola virus ; HIV ; herpes simplex virus ; human cytomegalovirus ; influenza virus ; MERS-CoV ; SARS-CoV-2 ; N-glycosite ; O-glycosite ; high-mannose glycan ; complex N-glycans ; Vicieae man-specific lectin ; T/Tn-specific lectin ; specific interaction ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Dive into the fascinating world of photosynthesis through the latest publications. This comprehensive work delves deep into the intricate regulatory mechanisms that underpin the vital process of photosynthesis. From the molecular reactions at the core to the overarching responses of entire plants, explore the diverse facets of this fundamental phenomenon. Discover how plants adeptly adapt to an ever-changing and often challenging environment. Gain valuable insights with real-world applications, spanning agriculture, forestry, and biotechnology. Whether you're a scientist, educator, or enthusiast, this reprint promises to unravel the mysteries of life's essential processes. Join us in this exploration of photosynthesis as we bridge the gap between scientific inquiry and practical knowledge, ensuring a sustainable future for both natural ecosystems and cultivated environments.
    Keywords: abiotic stressors ; environmental stress ; growth ; light intensity ; photosynthetic pigments ; picocyanobacteria ; plant physiology ; Alternaria brassicicola ; chlorophyll a fluorescence ; chloroplast ultrastructure ; defense response ; microarray ; photosynthesis ; susceptibility ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; extremely low frequency magnetic field ; Schumann resonance frequencies ; photosynthetic light reactions ; non-photochemical quenching ; quantum yield of photosystem II ; wheat ; pea ; endophytes ; culture filtrate ; exogenously hormone ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; antioxidant enzymes ; antioxidants ; carotenoids ; photochemical efficiency ; protein ; tocopherol ; xanthophyll cycle ; zeaxanthin ; root ; rhizosphere ; rhizobacteria ; root morphology ; abiotic stresses ; phase-sensitive imaging ; magnetopriming ; UV exclusion ; leaf venation ; leaf hydraulics ; high light ; thylakoid membrane ; microdomains ; photoprotection ; Synechocystis ; photoinhibition ; photosystems ; seed priming ; nanotechnology ; germination ; seed resistance ; sustainability ; cold plasma technology ; machine learning ; proton gradient regulation 5 (PGR5) ; PGR5-like photosynthetic phenotype 1 (PGRL1) ; photosynthetic electron transport ; PSI photoinhibition ; oxidation of P700 ; oxidative stress ; combined effect ; Pisum sativum L. ; nanoparticles ; cerium oxide ; zinc oxide ; metal uptake ; hydroponic culture ; photomorphogenesis ; Pinus sylvestris ; light of various spectral composition ; gene expression ; pigment content ; lipid droplets ; microalgae ; Raman spectroscopy ; Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ; cyanobacteria ; heavy metals ; nitrogenase ; heterocyst ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The discipline of aquaculture ecology is developing rapidly and has generated much valuable progress in recent decades. This reprint mainly describes the recent advances in the individual ecology of commercial aquatic organisms, the ecology of aquaculture systems, the interaction between aquaculture activities and the environment, the structure of function of microbial communities, the principles of environmental management in aquaculture ecosystems, etc. Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing human activities, and has achieved high and predictable yields in recent decades. However, the industry is also facing numerous long-term challenges, such as environmental pollution, excessive resource consumption, etc. Aquaculture ecology aims to lay an ecological foundation for the sustainable development of aquaculture. This reprint hosts 10 papers and 1 editorial, with topics including, but not limited to, the impact of floating raft aquaculture on the hydrodynamic environment of an open sea area; the bioremediation of aquaculture wastewater using seaweed; the production environment in biofloc systems; the effects of various environmental factors, including temperature, carbonate alkalinity and protein levels in compound feed on commercial aquatic species; advances in ecology research on major integrated rice field aquaculture models in China, etc. The advances in aquaculture ecology research collected in this reprint can provide references for the sustainable development of aquaculture.
    Keywords: aquaculture wastewater ; desiccation ; growth ; Neoporphyra ; nitrogen limitation ; NO3-N and PO4-P removal ; water velocity ; molasses ; PHBV ; water quality ; nitrification rate ; heterotrophic ; bacteria community ; bacterial function ; rice–crab co-culture ; Eriocheir sinensis ; dietary protein content ; ecological environment ; rice field ; integrated aquaculture ; ecology ; review ; prospects ; coupling degree ; eco-certification ; biochemical composition ; golden tide ; NO3-N uptake ; photosynthesis ; seaweed cultivation ; mud crab ; temperature ; molting ; energy metabolism ; floating raft aquaculture area ; open sea area ; hydrodynamic environment ; water exchange capacity ; numerical simulation ; carbonate alkalinity stress ; Exopalaemon carinicauda ; reproduction ; ovary ; eyestalk ; transcriptome ; growth performance ; bacterial community ; Bacillus pumilus BP-171 ; Penaeus vannamei ; Daphniopsis tibetana ; biology ; different habitats ; population growth parameters ; third-generation transcriptome sequencing ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Physical fitness is the basis for the success of players in sports, and its monitoring makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of training and identify possible errors. During training, thanks to the use of control results, these activities are modified, which better prepares players for competition. This Special Issue, entitled "Assessment of Physical Fitness and the Effect of Training in Individual Sports" presents the results of coaching control and the results of monitoring progression in training, as well as an assessment of the physical fitness of athletes practicing individual sports.
    Keywords: biomarkers ; heart damage ; swimming ; growth ; physical fitness ; technical and tactical indicator ; kickboxing ; martial arts ; athletes ; body composition ; combat sports ; dexterity ; handgrip ; foot ; ground pressure ; body balance ; football players ; judo ; technical and tactical preparation ; fighting rules ; anterior cruciate ligament ; ground reaction force ; knee injuries ; leg dominance ; agility ; explosive power ; first quick quickness ; flexibility ; neuromuscular fitness ; taekwondo ; physical characteristics ; systematic review ; normal distribution ; balance training ; real-time visual feedback ; smart wearable devices ; center of pressure ; skin temperature ; skin pH ; kickboxing contest ; exercise ; age groups ; electromyography ; rectus femoris ; training control: special fitness test ; training sessions ; verbal ; visual ; verbal–visual feedback ; vertical jump ; complex task ; plyometrics training ; dynamic balance ; quickness ; elite badminton player ; physical education and training ; sports injuries ; child ; triathlon training ; heart rate ; ventilation ; Ukemi ; creative intercorporeality ; collaborative work ; choreographers with and without disabilities ; social cognitive theory ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Advanced Blood-Brain Barrier Drug Delivery is a reprint with a summary editorial, followed by 16 chapters that cover five areas of brain drug delivery, including receptor-mediated transport (RMT), carrier-mediated transport (CMT), active efflux transport (AET), Trojan horse lipid nanoparticles (LNP), and in vivo methods for measurement of drug transport across the blood–brain barrier (BBB).
    Keywords: blood–brain barrier (BBB) ; brain drug delivery ; prodrugs ; solute carriers (SLCs) ; lysosomal storage disease ; neuronopathic mucopolysaccharidosis ; blood–brain barrier ; neurodegeneration ; enzyme replacement therapy ; receptor-mediated transcytosis ; transferrin receptor ; insulin receptor ; endothelium ; receptor-mediated transport ; carrier-mediated transport ; genetic engineering ; IgG fusion proteins ; nanoparticles ; liposomes ; TrkB ; agonist antibody ; variable new antigen receptor (VNAR) ; neuroprotection ; transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) ; blood-brain barrier (BBB) ; 6-OHDA ; Parkinson’s disease ; bispecific antibody ; alpha-synuclein (αSYN) ; Parkinson’s disease (PD) ; immunotherapy ; monoclonal antibody ; transferrin receptor (TfR) ; receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) ; single domains antibody ; IGF1R ; neurotensin ; protein-based therapy ; lysosomal storage disorders ; fusion proteins ; Alzheimer’s disease ; neurotrophic factors ; decoy receptors ; ATP-binding cassette transporters ; drug delivery ; ischemic stroke ; SLC transporters ; lipid nanoparticle ; ssPalm ; mRNA transfection ; hCMEC/D3 cells ; cell toxicity ; SWATH-MS ; translation ; chaperonin-containing TCP-1 ; proton-coupled organic cation antiporter ; photo-affinity labeling ; proteomics ; SWATH-MS (sequential window acquisition of all theoretical-mass spectra) ; pharmacokinetics ; compartmental models ; physiologically based PK models ; blood-brain barrier ; antibody ; cavernous sinus ; BBB–peptide shuttle ; brain delivery ; solute carrier (SLC) transporters ; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) ; NSC-34 cell lines ; taurine transporter (Taut) ; large amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) ; monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) ; organic cation transporters (OCTNs) ; choline transporter-like protein-1 (CTL1) ; TNF-α inhibitor ; molecular Trojan horse ; endosomal ; liposome ; nanoparticle ; targeting ; transferrin ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue, “Biotechnology Applications of Microalgae”, is focused on the latest novel advances related to the production of different bioactive compounds from microalgae and their biotechnological use.
    Keywords: enzymatic activity ; fluid dynamics ; microalgae ; oxidative stress ; static magnetic fields ; violaxanthin ; reactive oxygen species ; ascorbic acid ; glutathione ; tocopherols ; phenolic compounds ; carotenoids ; thraustochytrids ; antioxidants ; saturated fatty acids ; polyunsaturated fatty acids ; transcriptomics ; sustainability ; industrial valorization ; carbon dioxide fixation ; biological activities ; phytosterol ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Phaeodactylum tricornutum ; Sparus aurata ; β-glucans ; pulse feeding ; immune tolerance ; salt stress ; seawater cultivation ; Internet of Things ; proteomics ; blue light ; astaxanthin ; fatty acid ; heme ; cell wall ; salicylic acid ; fucoxanthin ; green consumption ; food consumption ; amino acids ; carbohydrates ; radical scavenging activity (RSA) ; RP-HPLC ; Chromochloris zofingiensis ; lutein ; CO2 aeration ; cGMP-dependent kinase ; biodiesel ; microalgal biotechnology ; natural antioxidants ; Yarrowia lipolytica ; Chlorella vulgaris ; growth ; fatty acids ; Spirulina ; healthcare ; space missions ; medicine applications ; microgravity effects ; humic substances ; microalgae cultivation ; hormetic effects ; increased nutrient availability ; improved protection against abiotic stress ; higher accumulation of bioactive ingredients ; enhanced microalgal productivity ; Dunaliella salina ; chlorpropham ; herbicide ; phytoene ; Nannochloropsis ; mixotrophy ; photobioreactors ; CHN analysis ; metabolomics ; bioassay ; cell death pathway ; autophagy ; antitumoral activity ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: As an important unit operation, crystallization is a process in which nucleation, growth, agglomeration, and breakage are regulated to produce high-quality crystals and achieve efficient separation as well as purification. Since a crystallization process often presents the characteristics of strong coupling, nonlinearity, and large lagging, it is a challenge to rationally design a robust, well-characterized process to efficiently crystallize and prepare a high-quality crystalline product. The development of process analytical technology that can provide fast and accurate inline or online measurement is of great importance in the design and control of crystallization processes. Simulation technology, e.g., molecular dynamics simulation and hydrodynamics simulation, can provide time- or location-dependent insight into the process on multiple scales. These experimental and simulation tools can greatly help to further investigate crystallization processes. This Special Issue served to provide a platform for researchers to report results and findings in crystallization process technologies, simulation and process analytical technologies, and relevant crystallization studies.
    Keywords: crystals ; metal-organic frameworks ; Cu(II) ion ; 2D layer ; structural evolvement ; electronic polysilicon ; flow field ; temperature field ; boundary layer ; coupled furnaces ; florfenicol ; solubility ; binary solvent system ; cosolvency ; correlation model ; nanocrystals ; combinative technology ; aqueous solubility ; stability ; dissolution rate ; nucleation ; growth ; mesoscale ; precursor ; EMMS model ; vanadium pentoxide ; cathode ; doping ; rate performance ; crystal image analysis ; deep learning ; size measurement ; crystal growth rate ; silicon single crystals ; floating zone ; effective segregation coefficient ; numerical modelling ; Czochralski growth ; silicon ; crucible ; oxygen concentration ; calcium carbonate ; foreign salts ; antiscalants ; crystallization ; struvite ; fertilizer ; phosphorus ; ammonium ; wastewater ; stirring ; turbulence ; alumina hydrate ; boehmite ; ammonioalunite ; evolutionary process ; reaction crystallization ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint presents recent developments in the field of biological liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS, also known as biomolecular condensation). LLPS and related biogenesis of various membraneless organelles (MLOs) and biomolecular condensates (BMCs) represent fundamental molecular mechanisms governing the spatio-temporal organization of the intracellular space. In fact, MLOs and BMCs, being liquid droplets, represent specific compartments within a cell that are not enclosed by a lipid membrane. Most biological LLPS processes are reversible, and many MLOs/BMCs exist transiently; they rapidly emerge when conditions are changed and rapidly disintegrate as soon as the original conditions are restored, thereby showing a characteristic “now you see me, now you don’t” behavior. Numerous MLOs/BMCs are found inside eukaryotic cells, where they exist as liquid droplets (or cellular bodies, puncta, etc.) in the cytoplasm, nucleoplasm, mitochondrial matrix, and stroma of chloroplasts. Furthermore, MLOs/BMCs are commonly observed in Archaea, bacteria, and, likely, viruses. MLOs/BMCs have numerous crucial functions, and their biogenesis is known to be controlled by various external factors and environmental cues, such as changes in temperature, pH, and ionic strength of the solution. All of these have garnered the close attention of many researchers to biological LLPS, MLOs, and BMCs.
    Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease ; amyloid aggregation ; lipid bilayer ; cholesterol ; time-lapse AFM imaging ; molecular dynamics ; liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) ; membraneless organelles ; phase-separated condensates ; human diseases ; liquid–liquid phase separation ; intrinsically disordered proteins ; proteins with low complexity ; P-body ; Nst1 ; polyampholyte domain ; aggregation-prone domain ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; membrane-less organelle ; nuclear speckle ; nucleolus ; phase separation ; chromatin organization ; nuclear condensate ; intrinsically disordered region ; transcription ; DNA damage repair ; super-enhancer ; quantitative imaging ; CTP synthase ; cytoophidium ; fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) ; stimulated emission depletion (STED) ; Drosophila ; epithelium ; follicle cell ; ingression ; paramyxoviruses ; Hendra virus ; amyloid-like fibrils ; Taylor Dispersion Analysis (TDA) ; negative staining Transmission Electron Microscopy (ns-TEM) ; Polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation assays ; Congo Red ; Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) ; actin ; actin polymerization ; actin-binding proteins ; coacervate ; membrane ; signaling proteins ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Tryptophan is a rate-limiting essential amino acid and a unique building block of peptides and proteins. This largest amino acid serves as the precursor for the important endogenous indoleamines serotonin, N-acetylserotonin, and melatonin that act as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and neurohormones. Kynurenic acid is the most potent endogenous antiexitotoxic agent. Other highly relevant pathways of tryptophan are the reversible transamination to indole-3-pyruvate with formation related indolic acids that act as potent antioxidant agents. Tryptophan metabolites, such as melatonin, and structurally related agents, such as indole-3-propionic acid, act as potent catalytic antioxidants and bioenergetic agents that facilitate regeneration and protection against stress and aging. Several indole compounds act as uremic toxins since these agents can induce radical formation that is associated with enhanced oxidative stress and damage. The exploration of the effects of these protective and toxic tryptophan derived agents has revealed important molecular mechanisms and mediators of adaptation and aging. Research on tryptophan in nutrition and health can facilitate the development of new approaches to extend human health and life span. Amino acids are the building blocks of life that enable repair, as well as recycling and regeneration. Research on nutrients like amino acids, such as tryptophan and its metabolites, as well as peptides and proteins, or extracts containing this molecular metabolism modifiers can improve health. Research into the indololome is a new emerging and rapidly growing field of utmost relevance to science and society.
    Keywords: tryptophan ; kynurenine ; kynurenic acid ; FICZ ; AhR ; melanoma ; proliferation ; cell death ; aryl hydrocarbon receptor ; chronic kidney disease ; developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) ; hypertension ; indole ; melatonin ; serotonin ; uremic toxin ; virus ; immunity ; codon ; depression ; chronic mild stress ; oxidative stress ; tryptophan catabolites pathway ; methylation ; expression ; escitalopram ; 5-hydroxytryptophan ; natural sources ; microbial production ; biosynthetic pathways ; physiological effects ; animal ; human ; kynurenine pathway ; MEL biosynthesis ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; yeast ; tryptophan extraction ; LC-MS/MS ; soybean ; skin ; atopic dermatitis ; psoriasis ; severe acute respiratory syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; malignant melanoma ; urine ; autofluorescence ; transplantation ; ischemia-reperfusion ; tolerance ; rejection ; indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase ; L-tryptophan ; amino acids ; MAC-T cell ; proteomics ; omics ; β-casein ; mTOR ; systemic inflammation ; dysbiosis ; gut ; microbiota ; obesity ; mice ; tyrosine ; cytokines ; behavior ; inflammation ; liver morphology ; color ; cell culture media ; LC-MS ; antioxidant ; cytotoxicity ; biomanufacturing ; 5-hydroxytryptamine ; secretion ; metabolism ; nitrofurantoin ; antibiotics ; human serum albumin ; molecular interactions ; FTIR ; fluorescence ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: The aim of this Special Issue was to publish high-quality papers on poultry nutrition and the inter-relations between nutrition, metabolism, gut microflora, and poultry performance. Therefore, we present here original research articles in the following topics:- the nutrient requirements of poultry;- the impact of dietary fibre on poultry health and performance;- the use of feed additives to improve gut microflora and performance;- the effect of feeding on poultry meat and egg quality;- factors that cause variation in feed ingredients used in poultry diets;- alternative feed ingredients for use in poultry feed formulations;- the impact of gastrointestinal pH on nutrient bioavailability and the intestinal microbiota in poultry;- phytate and xylan ‘susceptibility’ in relation to the effects of enzymes;- factors that influence reactivity and enzyme efficacy;- in vitro models to determine the digestibility of poultry diets.
    Keywords: geese ; feeding ; rye ; oats ; slaughter value ; quality traits ; date by-product ; date stone ; poultry ; nutritive value ; production performance ; amino acids ; broiler ; heat stress ; heat tolerance ; protein metabolism ; microbial metabolites ; gastrointestinal peptides ; glycolipid metabolism ; chicken ; high temperature ; regulatory factors ; protein degradation ; growth ; broilers ; betaine ; performance ; meat quality ; blood constituents ; ZnNPs ; CurNPs ; Bacillus ; microbial aspects ; acute heat stress ; cecum metagenome ; insoluble fiber ; steam-exploded pine ; antioxidant ; growth performance ; gut microbiota ; quercetin ; protease ; dietary protein ; nutrient utilization ; organic ; aromatic plants ; laying hens ; Salvia officinalis L. ; malondialdehyde (MDA) ; Enterobacteriaceae ; poultry fat ; plasma lipid ; muscle FAs content ; aging corn ; oxidative stress ; broiler performance ; intestinal health ; microbiota ; fermented feed ; laying hen ; cecal microbiota ; gut health ; nutrition ; egg quality ; rapeseed cake ; fermentation ; hydrobarothermal treatment ; age ; amino acid ; barley ; corn ; digestibility ; PBMCs ; primary cell culture ; immunomodulating compounds ; breast ; carcass traits ; cinnamon bark ; L-arginine ; in ovo feeding ; antioxidant capacity ; slow-growing chicken ; non-starch polysaccharide degradation ; nutrient digestibility ; ginger ; hematological parameters ; curcumin ; physiological efficiency ; poultry welfare ; stress ; turkey ; neurodegeneration ; methionine ; lysine ; arginine ; Gallus domesticus ; Tribulus Terrestris ; histology ; liver ; kidney ; intestine ; phytase ; bone mineralization ; phytate phosphorus ; broiler chickens ; Acacia Senegal ; performance, gene expression ; morphology ; broiler breeder ; glycerol ; mineral ; superdosing ; yolk sac ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology & animal sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Research in ophthalmic drug delivery has developed significant advances in the few last years, and efforts have been made to develop more effective topical formulations to increase drug bioavailability, efficiency, and safety. Drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye remains a great challenge in the pharmaceutical industry due to the complexity and particularity of the eye's anatomy and physiology. Some advances have been made with the purpose of maintaining constant drug levels in the site of action. The anatomical ocular barriers have a great impact on drug pharmacokinetics and, subsequently, on the pharmacological effect.Despite the increasing interest in efficiently reaching the posterior segment of the eye with reduced adverse effects, there is still a need to expand the knowledge of ocular pharmacokinetics that allow the development of safer and more innovative drug delivery systems. These novel approaches may greatly improve the lives of patients with ocular pathologies.
    Keywords: ocular ; drug delivery ; pharmacokinetics ; tissue isolation ; rat ; eye ; drug concentration ; method ; pigment ; melanin ; aniridia ; ataluren ; ophthalmic solution ; rare disease ; stability ; tacrolimus ; hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin ; topical ophthalmic administration ; eye drops ; uveitis ; PET/CT imaging ; ocular implants ; electrospinning technique ; glaucoma ; sustained drug release ; poly ε-caprolactone ; electrospun fibers ; permeability ; retina ; retinal pigment epithelium ; Ussing chamber ; intravitreal half-life ; posterior capsule opacification ; pathophysiology ; wound healing ; lens epithelial cells ; intraocular lenses ; experimental models ; clinical studies ; gold nanoparticles ; anterior chamber ; distribution ; intracameral injection ; trabecular meshwork ; hyaluronic acid ; liposomes ; intravitreal ; ocular drug delivery ; retinal explants ; amantadine ; blood–retinal barrier ; retinal disease ; NMDA receptor ; inner BRB ; retinal capitally endothelial cells ; outer BRB ; retinal pigment epithelial cells ; transporter ; rivoceranib ; drug repositioning ; microsphere ; subfoveal choroidal neovascularization ; macular degeneration ; endotoxin-induced uveitis ; interleukins ; immunosuppressants ; physicochemical stability ; container-content interaction ; leachable compound ; nanoparticles ; PLGA ; lactoferrin ; nanoprecipitation ; protein nanocarriers ; keratoconus ; corneal ecstatic disorder ; posterior capsular opacification ; intraocular lens ; surface modification ; photothermal therapy ; photodynamic therapy ; micro-pattern ; anti-biofouling ; ocular hypertension ; prostaglandin analogues ; aqueous solubility ; chemical stability ; intraocular pressure ; cystinosis ; ophthalmic administration ; cysteamine ; compounded formulation ; PET ; nanocrystals ; conjunctivitis ; besifloxacin ; Povacoat® ; fluoroquinolones ; acanthamoeba keratitis ; controlled drug delivery ; contact lens ; miltefosine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: In this Special Issue, our aim was to collect studies on clinical pharmacology and pharmacy of antimicrobial agents from both human and veterinary medicine as the complex problem of AMR requires actions taken within the One Health approach that involve both fields. Studies covered here are about new or optimized usage of already authorized antimicrobials, as well as discoveries about new agents, new combinations of drugs, and drug repositioning. Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological aspects of individual and combinational drug use are areas covered in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: antibiotic combination ; minimum inhibitory concentration ; Monte Carlo ; synergistic effect ; antibiotics ; combination therapy ; multi-drug resistant infection ; meta-analysis ; pan-genome ; Campylobacter ureolyticus ; UDP-3-O-acyl-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase ; LpxC ; campylobacteriosis ; self-medication ; students ; habits ; cystic fibrosis ; P. aeruginosa ; transporters ; Escherichia coli ; suture ; antimicrobial ; pharmacodynamics ; triclosan ; surgical site infection ; time-kill ; contact killing ; translational modelling ; antifungals ; adverse drug reaction (ADR) ; drug-drug interaction (DDI) ; polypharmacy ; multimorbidity ; intensive care patients ; traumatology ; elderly patients ; organ failure ; multi-organ failure ; drug safety ; patient safety ; nonlinear mixed-effects modeling ; glomerular filtration rate ; dosing regimen ; oxacillin ; Monte Carlo simulations ; adsorption ; desorption ; doxycycline ; pH dependence ; small ruminant feed ; heterocyclic compounds ; phenolic compounds ; pyran ; food microbiology ; microbial pathogen ; serum/plasma concentrations ; interstitial concentrations ; tissue concentrations ; pharmacokinetics ; macrolide antibiotics ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: The eradication of vector-borne diseases is threatened by the limited range of available insecticides, leading, inevitably, to the development of resistance. This is particularly concerning for malaria control, which relies heavily on insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual sprays (IRS). New chemistries are being developed, and innovative deployment of insecticides may play a role in overcoming resistance, either through new types of tools or new means of distribution. A variety of novel product types and vector control strategies are under development and evaluation, which is to be celebrated, but a strong evidence base is needed to guide effective operational deployment decisions. Novel approaches should be supported by robust data collected using appropriate and validated methods to monitor efficacy, durability, and any emerging resistance. This reprint presents original research into developing and characterizing new vector control products, as well as understanding and monitoring insecticide resistance. Review articles explore the impact of insecticide resistance and offer guidance on insecticide choice in the face of pyrethroid resistance. Consensus methodologies are presented, in the form of standard operating procedures (SOPs) designed to be adopted and used to generate reproducible data that can be compared and interpreted across and between studies. It is hoped that this collection of articles offers inspiration and guidance on how consistent data can be generated to inform more effective development, evaluation, and use of new and existing vector control tools.
    Keywords: prallethrin ; insecticide ; spatial treatment ; mosquito fitness ; protection ; pyrethroids ; Aedes albopictus ; Culex pipiens ; life tables ; mosquito ; bite-proof garment ; model ; textile ; non-insecticidal ; physical barrier ; insecticide selection ; out-crossing ; strain authentication ; laboratory screening ; pyrethroid ; pyrethroid resistance ; insecticide resistance ; insecticide resistance management ; vector control ; malaria ; malaria control ; Anopheles ; host-seeking behavior ; insecticide exposure ; pathogen transmission ; Aedes aegypti ; Anopheles gambiae ; ATSB ; Culex quinquefasciatus ; Iroquois ; RNAi ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; yeast ; Anopheles mosquito ; fertility ; ovary development ; pyriproxyfen (PPF) ; side-effects ; machine learning ; image classification ; automated identification ; convolutional neural network ; insecticide-treated net (ITN) ; PBO ITN ; synergist ITN ; dual-AI ITN ; insecticide resistance management (IRM) ; method validation ; durability monitoring ; bioinsecticide ; disease transmission ; insecticide-resistance ; mosquito-borne disease ; mosquito control ; natural compounds ; phytochemical ; malaria vector ; insecticide treated nets ; cytochrome P450s ; kdr ; cuticular resistance ; deltamethrin ; imidacloprid ; bifenthrin ; β-cyfluthrin ; etofenprox ; α-cypermethrin ; λ-cyhalothrin ; thiacloprid ; mosquitoes ; Attractive Toxic Sugar Bait (ATSB) ; Attractive Targeted Sugar Bait (ATSB) ; diagnostic bioassay ; resistance monitoring ; insecticide-treated nets (ITN) ; strain characterisation ; method development ; product evaluation ; quality control (QC) ; dual active ingredients (dual-AI) ; bioefficacy ; IRS ; application technology ; broflanilide ; clothianidin ; pirimiphos-methyl ; WHO tube ; WHO tunnel test ; ITNs ; interceptor ; interceptor G2 ; membrane ; human arm ; rabbit ; bioassay ; bio-efficacy ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-05-11
    Description: Toxins are biologically active substances produced by most kinds of living organisms, bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. They present a vast diversity of molecular structures and target a wide variety of receptors involved in a range of physiological processes. As toxins are selected during evolution to acquire/improve their disabling/lethal effects, they display finely tuned functional properties often associated with high affinities and selectivity. Moreover, toxins are valuable tools to unravel cellular processes due to their extreme specificity for cell surface and/or intracellular targets. Therefore, toxins are very attractive compounds because of their Janus-like character; while they mostly act as deadly poisons like monstrous Mr. Hyde, they can also be tamed into good remedies like admirable Dr. Jekyll. As such, they have been primarily investigated not only for the light they can throw on fundamental physiological processes but also for their potential therapeutic applications. This reprint, emerging from the 27th Annual Meeting of the French Society of Toxinology (SFET, http://sfet.asso.fr/international), will be of great interest for those in the scientific community who want to know more about the fascinating world of toxins.
    Keywords: toxins ; peptide chemistry ; native chemical ligation ; α-bungarotoxin ; click chemistry ; automated patch-clamp ; fluorescent peptide ; TE671 cells ; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ; animal toxin ; bacterial toxin ; marine toxin ; medical application ; plant toxin ; toxin function/activity ; toxin receptor/target ; toxin structure ; Debaryomyces hansenii ; Wickerhamomyces anomalus ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; PDR transporters ; killer toxin ; fetal adrenomedullary chromaffin cell ; gambierol ; potassium currents ; calcium-activated K+ channels ; ATP-sensitive K+ channels ; catecholamine release ; Clostridium tetani ; Clostridium botulinum ; botulinum neurotoxin ; tetanus neurotoxin ; toxin gene regulation ; two-component system ; small RNA ; adenylate cyclase toxin ; Bordetella pertussis ; cyclic nucleotide ; cAMP ; spectrophotometric enzymatic assay ; ASIC ; sodium channels ; peptide ; PcTx1 ; APETx2 ; MitTx ; mambalgin ; pain ; nociception ; clostridial C3 toxin ; C3bot ; C3botE174Q ; dendritic cells ; macrophages ; monocytes ; stimulated emission depletion (STED) ; super-resolution microscopy ; trained immunity ; effector-triggered immunity ; effector-triggered trained immunity ; staphylococcal superantigen ; enterotoxin ; toxin pathogenicity ; immunomodulation ; molecular and cellular targets ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology::MMGT Medical toxicology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Keywords: drug design and discovery ; drug&ndash ; protein interactions ; drug response ; drug solubility ; antimicrobial drugs ; antiviral drugs ; antibiotics ; anticancer drugs ; cancer prevention ; molecular modeling ; molecular mechanisms ; crystallography ; preclinical study ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; pharmacognosy ; nuclear receptors ; receptor agonist and antagonist ; activity profiling, markers and diagnostics ; drug carriers ; dosage form ; nanoparticles ; dissolution testing ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBG Medical equipment & techniques
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Novel Anticancer Strategies reviews important findings and updates within the cancer therapy field, of great interest to those in academic research studying the development and validation of novel anticancer approaches. The Editor invited preeminent specialists to contribute to original and review articles devoted to key areas of major progress and expectations. Key features: Nanoparticle-based drug delivery in cancer therapy; Extracellular vesicles for anticancer drug delivery; Peptide-based drug conjugates; Cancer stem cells as a valuable target to eradicate tumor relapse; Spheroids in preclinical model for cancer research; and cancer immunotherapy.
    Keywords: tumor-homing extracellular vesicles ; pH-sensitive extracellular vesicles ; doxorubicin ; tumor therapy ; pancreatic cancer ; targeted tumor therapy ; homing peptide ; antitumor peptide conjugates ; daunomycin ; oxime linkage ; combinatorial immunotherapy ; cytotoxics ; biomarkers ; precision medicine ; immunotherapy ; anti-PD-L1 ; ionizing irradiation ; pharmacokinetics ; tumor-immune interaction ; global sensitivity ; immuno-oncology ; mathematical modeling ; glycol chitosan nanoparticle ; high-intensity focused ultrasound ; deep tumor penetration ; dense ECM ; cancer treatment ; prostate cancer ; gastrin-releasing peptide receptor ; RM26 ; albumin-binding domain ; targeted therapy ; gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPR) antagonist ; cervical cancer ; tetraarsenic hexoxide ; patient-derived xenograft ; autophagy ; cisplatin ; fenbendazole ; micelle solubilization ; Soluplus® polymeric micelles ; toxicity test ; sonoporation ; microbubbles ; ultrasound ; intracellular signaling ; phosphorylation ; ultrasound contrast agents ; drug delivery ; cellular stress ; tumour microenvironment ; cancer stem cells ; extracellular vesicles ; drug delivery systems ; liposomes ; immunoliposomes ; antisense oligonucleotides ; 3D cultures ; tumor microenvironment ; tumor spheroids ; efficacy analysis ; drug resistance ; cancer therapy ; glioblastoma ; receptor tyrosine kinases ; epidermal growth factor receptor ; small molecule inhibitors ; nanoformulations ; breast cancer ; micelles ; dendrimers ; anticancer drugs ; platinum drug ; methotrexate ; lung metastasis ; liver metastasis ; cancer treatments and progression biomarkers ; mesoporous silica nanoparticles ; controlled release ; anticancer natural prodrugs ; natural products ; cancer targeting ; nanoformulations/nanomedicine applications ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJC Diseases & disorders::MJCL Oncology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Recently, microfluidic, nanofluidic and lab-on-a-chip devices have gained particular attention in biomedical applications. Due to their advantages, such as miniaturization, versatility, ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and the potential to replace animal models for drug development and testing, these devices hold tremendous potential to revolutionize the research of more effective treatments for several diseases that threaten human life. With integrated biosensors, these devices allow the development and design of micro- and nanoparticles to be studied in detail, modelling human physiology, investigating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying disease formation and progression, and gaining insights into the performance and long-term effects of responsive drug delivery nanocarriers. This Special Issue gathered research papers, and review articles focusing on novel microfluidic, nanofluidic and lab-on-a-chip devices for biomedical applications, addressing all steps related to fabrication, biosensor integration and development, characterization, numerical simulations and validation of the devices, optimization and, the translation of these devices from research labs to industry settings.
    Keywords: protein biomarker ; microarray ; microfluidic cassette ; multiplex measurement ; immunoassay ; point-of-care testing ; microfluidic device ; small intestine ; ex vivo ; histology ; embedded resin ; sectioning ; peptide biosensor ; lab-on-a-chip ; label-free detection ; peptide aptamers ; protein biomarkers ; microfluidic biochip ; troponin T ; computational simulations ; drug discovery ; organ-on-a-chip ; microfluidic devices ; preclinical models ; numerical simulations ; automation ; non-enzymatic ; DNA amplification ; L-DNA ; microfluidic ; fluorescence ; paper microfluidics ; sweat ; sensing ; hydrogels ; lactate ; osmotic pumping ; evaporation ; capillary ; wicking ; biochemical assay ; microfluidics ; cell trap ; RBC ; evolutionary algorithm ; generative design ; artificial intelligence ; organ-on-chip ; liver-on-chip ; liver disease ; multi-level microfluidic device ; live cell imaging ; long-term microscopy imaging ; focus drifting ; immersion oil viscosity ; bacterial population dynamics ; single-cell studies ; E. coli ; mother machine ; computational fluid dynamics ; cancer-on-chip ; xenograft ; colorectal cancer ; pharmacodynamics ; pharmacokinetics ; drug efficacy ; oxaliplatin ; microfabrication ; microphysiological system ; biophysical stimuli ; biochemical stimuli ; in vitro cell culture ; cortical neurons ; hippocampal neurons ; electrical stimulation ; Micro-Electrode Arrays ; engineered neuronal networks ; polydimethylsiloxane ; microchannels ; in vivo micro bioreactor ; additive manufacturing ; poly-(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate ; biocompatibility ; COVID-19 ; diagnosis ; image analysis ; PCR ; SARS-CoV-2 ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint focuses on fish otoliths, as one of the most useful and important biological structures for fishery scientists and managers around the world. Collected papers cover several different research areas, from the otolith macro- to the microstructure and microchemistry, analyzing different types of otoliths and investigating various freshwater and marine species in their larval, juvenile and adult stages. Special attention is given to different approaches in otolith research and to many practical applications of such studies. The obtained data served to determine the age and growth of individual fish; to study habitat interactions, migration patterns, or habitats that the fish live in; to detect water temperatures or the presence of certain pollutants in the environment; and to reveal all other vital information about the life history of the fish.
    Keywords: sagittal otolith ; somatic growth ; long-lived fishes ; ontogeny ; teleost anatomy ; development ; fish morphology ; Fourier ; marking ; alizarin complexone ; hard tissue ; fin ray ; otolith ; scale ; silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) ; age ; growth ; otoliths ; morphometry ; Sphyraena sphyraena ; fish age determination ; Greenland halibut ; deep learning ; dataset shift ; domain adaptation ; red snapper ; wavelet ; genetic diversity ; population structure ; asteriscus ; side effect ; otolith shape ; geographical effect ; temperature effect ; pH ; brook trout ; fish kill ; anadromy ; otolith microchemistry ; crucian carp ; strontium ; marking efficiency ; restocking ; time delay ; fish otoliths ; CNN ; age determination ; web tool ; Kokanee ; homing ; stocking ; Anguilla anguilla ; fish biology ; ecosystem variability ; minho river ; stock assessment ; Coilia nasus ; river estuary ; Yellow Sea ; elemental signature ; stable isotopic signature ; stock spatial structure ; atherinids ; trade-off ; daily growth ; spawning ; European hake ; length–frequency distribution ; sex-ratio ; hydro-morpho-sedimentary characteristics ; marginal increment analysis ; band deposition ; Thunnus thynnus ; growth curves ; edge analysis ; growth performance index ; quartile of marginal growth band method ; k-fold cross-validation ; back-calculation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Halophytes are a fascinating group of wild plants adapted to highly saline natural habitats, where most plant species and all our conventional crops would not survive. In fact, some halophytes can withstand even seawater salinity. In the current climate change scenario, increasing average temperatures and drought episodes contribute to the accelerated salinisation of irrigated cropland, especially in arid and semiarid regions, by the progressive accumulation in the soil of salts dissolved in irrigation water. This ‘secondary salinisation’ is one of the major causes of reducing crop yields worldwide. In this context, halophytes represent ideal experimental systems to investigate the mechanisms plants use to respond to high-salinity conditions. This knowledge will be essential for the genetic improvement of crop salt tolerance, which represents the most sensible strategy to address the abovementioned problem. Furthermore, halophytes could be the basis of a sustainable, ‘saline’ agriculture, after domestication and some breeding to improve agronomic characteristics. Then, they could be commercially cultivated for food, feed, fibre, or the production of biomolecules of industrial interest. Since they could be grown in saline land and irrigated with brackish water, they will not compete with our conventional crops for these limited resources, fertile land and good-quality water for irrigation. The articles included in this Special Issue address these different aspects of halophytes’ research, although most focus on basic studies on salt-tolerance mechanisms.
    Keywords: halophytes ; Amaranthaceae ; salinity ; antioxidant enzymes ; phenolic compounds ; salt stress ; growth responses ; ion accumulation ; osmolytes ; oxidative stress biomarkers ; antioxidants ; climate change ; growth ; osmolyte accumulation ; phytohormones ; polyamines ; salicylic acid ; biosaline agriculture ; salt tolerance ; osmotic stress ; pre-conditioning ; intraspecific variability ; bioactive compounds ; flavonoids ; fatty acids ; Suaeda ; physiology ; oxidative stress ; potential toxic elements ; betacyanin ; carbon ; nitrogen ; phytoremediation ; rice ; halophyte ; root ; microelectrode ion flux ; MIFE ; transporters ; inflorescences ; ion localization ; forage legumes ; ions ; mineral nutrition ; salinity tolerance ; strawberry clover ; morphology ; anatomy ; catalase ; peroxidase ; hydrogen peroxide ; chlorophyll content ; Sarcocornia fruticosa ; Salicornia europaea ; Salicornia veneta ; drought stress ; stress recovery ; ion transport ; oxidative stress markers ; salt glands ; recretohalophytes ; endemism ; water deficit ; osmolytes accumulation ; drought tolerance ; conservation programmes ; climate emergency ; crops’ wild relatives ; glycophytes ; salt tolerance mechanisms ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany & plant sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The issues relating to the functioning of the tourism economy include both the activities of tourism enterprises and spatial units, i.e., tourism destinations, as well as tourism demand, including tourists' purchasing behavior. The aim of the Special Issue of Economies is to present the current results of research on the functioning of the tourism market and its individual elements. The presented studies refer to four groups of issues: the foundations of the tourism industry, including general rules and economic mechanisms related to the operation of this industry market; the functioning of tourism entrepreneurs, especially in the tourism industry, mainly in the area of accommodation offers; the operation of tourist destinations and the available offers in tourist areas; the trends in tourist demand, including the purchasing behavior of tourists in tourist destinations.
    Keywords: campsites ; demand for camping tourism ; time series data ; income elasticity ; currency elasticity ; tourism infrastructure ; attracting international visitors ; transport and communications infrastructure ; hotel and restaurant industry ; recreation facilities ; senior tourism ; senior travelers ; travel motivations ; daily rate pricing ; holiday rentals ; hedonic pricing method ; Booking.com ; sharing economy ; Gibrat’s Law ; tourism ; growth ; system GMM estimator ; dynamic panel data ; Norway ; brand equity ; customer-based brand equity ; Croatia ; destination ; destination awareness ; destination brand ; destination image ; destination loyalty ; destination management ; destination quality ; visitors’ loyalty ; local community ; community development ; sustainable community ; tourism and renewable energy ; two-stage decision model ; zero expenditure ; dependent double-hurdle model ; demand for accommodation ; community-based tourism ; industrial tourism ; islands ; economics ; panel data ; APC model ; tourism destination ; natural value areas ; rural areas ; mobility problems ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: In recent decades, crop breeding has greatly benefited from the knowledge of plant genomics and genetics, as well as the development of modern biotechnologies. Exploring the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms underlying various plant developmental and growth processes is imperative, as they underpin crop yield, grain quality, and stress adaptations. The goal of this Special Issue in IJMS, “Research on Plant Genomics and Breeding”, is to present an overview of the latest fundamental discoveries in the field of plant genomics, as well as the potential utilization of biotechnologies in crop genetic improvement. We welcome all readers to this Reprint that covers several fields: the genetic and functional characterization of genes regulating important plant development processes or agronomic traits; the genetic improvement in crops using gene editing and other modern biotechnologies; and the discovery, characterization, and application of germplasm resources with elite traits.
    Keywords: lotus ; genome ; variant ; germplasm ; breeding ; omics ; rapeseed ; root and biomass traits ; nitrogen stress ; GWAS ; RNA sequencing ; rice (Oryza sativa L.) ; gibberellins ; abscisic acid ; NF-YCs ; upland cotton ; senescence ; genomic region ; candidate gene ; GhMKK9 ; Oryza sativa L. ; leaf shape ; salt stress ; bulliform cells ; aquaporin ; okra ; growth ; NAC transcription factor ; flavonoid ; photosynthesis ; Tartary buckwheat ; H2O2 ; NaCl ; physiology and biochemistry ; Brassicaceae ; Brassica oleracea ; DFR ; MYBL2 ; SNP ; RNA ; CRISPR ; soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) ; cytoplasmic male sterility ; pollen abortion ; gene expression ; histone methylation ; protein arginine methyltransferase ; Zea mays L. ; abiotic stress ; functional analysis ; rice ; domestication ; genomic variation ; synonymous codon usage bias ; DNA methylation ; Oryza longistaminata ; rhizome ; sucrose ; RNA-Seq ; transcriptome ; fresh corn ; stalk sugar content ; agronomic traits ; genome-wide association analysis ; selective sweep ; single nucleotide polymorphisms ; multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) ; analytic hierarchy process (AHP) ; herbaceous peony ; germplasm resources ; global warming ; low latitudes ; gene family ; cis-acting element ; gene duplication events ; evolutionary relationship ; Areca catechu ; NRAMP ; Fe and Zn deficiency ; stress response ; salinity ; OsLPR5 ; ferroxidase ; stress ; parental imprinting ; transgenerational epigenetics ; paternal inheritance ; wheat ; TaCKX expression ; cytokinin ; yield ; kompetitive allele-specific PCR ; genetic validation ; water deficit ; MAS ; grain length ; re-sequencing ; fine mapping ; P450 protein ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical)
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: It has been known that cellular glutathione content and its speciation play a role, among others, in redox homeostasis, cell cycle control, immunological defense, and pathological abnormalities. Furthermore, it plays a significant role in the biotransformation of drugs and other endogenous or exogenous electrophilic species. Most of these cellular functions are related to the thiol function of the cysteine moiety.This reprint presents the publications that appeared in the Special Issue of Molecules, “Glutathione: Chemistry and Biochemistry.” The first three contributions review the present-day knowledge of the GSH/GSSG system and the most important GSH-related proteins involved in regulating various cellular events. The subsequent four contributions present selected interventions that modulate the GSSG/2GSH system. One of the contributions to this session describes a new HPLC method to quantify the reduced and oxidized glutathione levels. The third session involves three contributions demonstrating the role of GSH in the metabolism of different candidate and clinically used anticancer drugs. One of the contributions, a theoretical work, provides helpful information for developing GSH analogs with high ACE inhibitor activity.By purpose and content, this Special Issue is addressed to the vast number of life science researchers (academic and industrial) and medical professionals who are interested in or already engaged in research that involves glutathione.
    Keywords: cyclophosphamide ; autoimmune diseases ; glutathione ; glutathione-S-transferase ; polymorphism ; glutaredoxin ; iron-sulfur cluster ; iron ; S-glutathionylation ; S-nitrosylation ; GSH ; nitrosoglutathione ; redox-regulation ; polymerized whey protein ; physicochemical properties ; pharmacokinetics ; toxicity ; chalcone ; cysteine ; thiols ; Michael addition ; diastereoselective addition ; reactive oxygen species ; oxidative stress ; nanotoxicity ; cell injury ; fluorescence probes ; brain ; liquid chromatography ; diode array detector ; anticancer drugs ; mechanisms of glutathione conjugation reaction ; detoxification ; bioactivation ; sulodexide ; endothelial cells ; ischemia ; apoptosis ; GSSG ; GCLc ; GSS ; redox potential ; supramolecular arrangement ; M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) ; DFT ; molecular docking ; angiotensin-converting enzyme ; cell ; redox homeostasis ; glutathionylation ; glutathione system ; glutathione enzyme ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Keywords: iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles ; silica coating ; magnetic hyperthermia ; cancer cells ; alamar blue ; neutral red ; A549 ; A35 ; BJ ; ultrasmall magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles ; inflammatory pain ; analgesia ; pro-inflammatory cytokines ; neurotoxicity ; long-term potentiation ; solid lipid nanoparticles ; magnetic nanoparticles ; magnetic solid lipid nanoparticles ; cancer theranostics ; MRI-contrast agents ; pulsed laser ablation in liquids ; multimodal imaging ; MRI ; CT ; photothermal therapy ; iron-gold nanoparticles ; pharmacokinetics ; magnetic targeting ; micro-systems ; nano-systems ; drug delivery ; nanoparticles ; microparticles ; targeted delivery ; magnetic guidance ; theranostics ; imaging ; AC biosuceptometry ; cirrhosis-associated rat hepatocarcinogenesis ; nanotechnology ; magnetoresponsive nanocomposite ; functional coating ; particle targeting ; particle aggregation ; stent targeting ; nanomedicine ; MRI technology ; patient-centred healthcare ; iron oxide nanoparticles ; paramagnetic salinomycin complexes ; bacterial ghosts ; gadolinium ; manganese ; lectin ; PLGA ; ConA ; magnetic polymer nanoparticles ; MPQ ; allografts ; photodynamic therapy ; IR775 ; image-guided therapy ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Food waste is becoming an important and growing concern at both local and global levels. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), one-third of all food production is wasted globally, and in particular, 1.3 billion tons of food produced for human consumption is wasted per year, representing an economic loss of EUR 800 billion. The main foods wasted are represented by vegetables, fruits, meat, and fish. Considering the high availability and the composition of food waste, there is an increasing interest in their bio-valorization. Moreover, according to the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 12 and 13), an appropriate waste management represents an essential prerequisite for the sustainable development.This reprint collects interesting manuscripts regarding innovative research focused on food waste valorization through fermentation processes for obtaining value-added products such as enzymes, feed additives, biofuels, animal feeds as well as other useful chemicals or products, food-grade pigments, and single-cell protein (SCP), enhancing food security and environmentally sustainable development.
    Keywords: industrial food waste ; valorization ; biorefinery ; bioenergy ; biobased materials ; promotion policy ; rice husk ; pyrolysis ; porous biochar ; pore property ; surface composition ; microbial red pigment ; Monascus purpureus ; simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation ; sustainability ; whey ; RSM ; bioethanol ; yeast fermentation ; sugar beet molasses ; industrial by-product ; scale-up ; agricultural waste ; wastewater ; microbial fuel cell ; techno-economic ; commercialization ; life cycle assessment ; Neurospora intermedia ; bread ; process development ; cheese whey ; Aspergillus awamori ; β-galactosidase ; lactose hydrolysis ; Acetobacter xylinum ; bacterial cellulose ; biosurfactant ; bioemulsifier ; waste frying oil ; Bacillus cereus ; food additives ; cookie ; microalgae ; DHA ; lignocellulosic biomass ; organosolv fractionation ; liquid fraction ; solid pulp ; omega-3 fatty acids ; soap ; olives ; olive oil ; fermentation ; food waste ; fish waste ; citrus peel ; aquafeed ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Lactobacillus reuteri ; whey product ; proteins ; ultrafiltration ; nanofiltration ; keratinocytes scratch assay ; mozzarella cheese manufacturing ; pressing residue ; grape ; apple ; silage ; animal production ; enzyme production ; polyphenols ; Juglans regia L. ; walnut green husk ; agricultural wastes ; soil conditions ; glucans ; pectins ; Aspergillus oryzae ; rice hull ; paper mill wastewater ; bioremediation ; amylase ; solid-state fermentation (SSF) ; goat feeding ; durian peel ; silage additives ; propionate ; methane mitigation ; nitrogen balance ; waste management ; biofuel production ; circular economy ; single cell protein ; value-added product ; food and feed production ; yeast ; probiotics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: This Special Issue provides a collection of recent research and reviews that investigate many areas of welfare assessment, such as novel approaches and technologies used to evaluate the welfare of farmed, captive, or wild animals. Research in this Special Issue includes welfare assessment related to pilot whales, finishing pigs, commercial turkey flocks, and dairy goats; the use of sensors or wearable technologies, such as heart rate monitors to assess sleep in dairy cows, ear tag sensors, and machine learning to assess commercial pig behaviour; non-invasive measures, such as video monitoring of behaviour, computer vision to analyse video footage of red foxes, remote camera traps of free-roaming wild horses, infrared thermography of effort and sport recovery in sport horses; telomere length and regulatory genes as novel biomarkers of stress in broiler chickens; the effect of environment on growth physiology and behaviour of laboratory rare minnows and housing system on anxiety, stress, fear, and immune function of laying hens; and discussions of natural behaviour in farm animal welfare and maintaining health, welfare, and productivity of commercial pig herds.
    Keywords: bioethics ; domestication ; genetic selection ; animal behavior ; animal welfare ; eye caruncle temperature ; Spanish Sport Horse ; performance test ; genetic lines ; heritability ; infrared thermography ; pigs ; welfare ; health ; herd management ; monitoring technologies ; animal husbandry ; welfare assessment ; wellbeing ; goat ; caprine ; dairy ; dairy cows ; heart rate ; sleep ; heart rate variability ; polysomnography ; animal-based welfare indicators ; camera traps ; wild horses ; precision swine farming ; ear tag pig sensor ; behavioral monitoring ; machine intelligence ; technology adoption ; broiler ; corticosterone ; performance ; telomeres ; telomere regulators ; stress biomarkers ; horse ; equine ; lying ; time budget ; locomotion ; geriatric ; orthopedic ; recumbency ; mixed commercial turkey flocks ; on-farm assessment ; YOLOv4 ; computer vision ; animal monitoring ; animal activity ; body posture ; rare minnow ; environmental enrichment ; growth ; physiology ; anxiety-like behavior ; enrichment ; hospitalization requirement ; lameness ; lesions ; tail biting ; attention bias ; conventional cage ; environmental complexity ; feather corticosterone ; IgA ; laying hen ; animal welfare assessment ; behaviour ; human intervention ; marine mammal ; cetacean ; management ; stranding ; wildlife ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical)
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: In this book, the performance of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts applied in biomass processing was assessed, paying special attention to the main advantages and challenges related to their use. Indeed, these challenges are opportunities to develop new research lines that could be fruitful in the near future. Thus, different studies are included, dealing with diverse subjects, with one main goal in common: the improvement of different aspects related to biomass processing through the use of catalysts.
    Keywords: nanospheroids ; zinc-doped CaO ; natural triglycerides ; aminolysis ; heterogeneous catalyst ; recyclability ; catalyst ; sodium hydroxide ; fatty acid methyl ester ; central composite rotatable design ; operational conditions ; aerated irrigation ; soil enzyme activity ; soil microbial biomass ; soil respiration ; bio-derived phenol ; Ni-Cu-Co/Al2O3 ; in-situ hydrodeoxygenation ; cyclohexane ; hydrogenolysis ; biomass ; 5-hydroxymethylfurfural ; 2,5-furandicrboxylic acid ; aerobic oxidation ; metal catalysts ; acid catalysis ; biodiesel ; biofuel ; esterification ; fatty acid ; methanolysis ; molybdenum oxide ; transesterification ; vegetable oil ; fatty acid methyl esters ; 2-ethyl-1-hexanol ; 1-heptanol ; 4-methyl-2-pentanol ; viscosity ; flash and combustion points ; methyl oleate ; methyl ricinoleate ; cellulase ; cellulose ; paper sludge ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; synergism ; furfural ; carbon-supported catalyst ; xylose conversion ; iron ; heterogeneous catalysts ; thermoset polymer ; epoxy ; cellulose nanofiber ; curing characteristics ; thermal properties ; mechanical properties ; RSM ; numerical optimization ; keratinase ; feather ; Bacillus sp. ; amino acids ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This Special Issue, “Plant Oxidative Stress: Biology, Physiology, and Mitigation”, published 11 original research works and 1 review article that discussed the various aspects of ROS Biology, metabolism, and the physiological mechanisms and approaches to mitigating oxidative stress. These types of research studies show further directions for the development of crop plants that are tolerant to abiotic stress in the era of climate change.
    Keywords: heat stress ; grafting ; cucumber ; bitter-melon rootstock ; polyamines ; photosynthesis ; salicylic acid ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; excess boron ; lipid peroxidation ; enzymatic antioxidant ; glutathione ; proline ; stomatal conductance ; arsenic stress ; soybean ; growth ; antioxidant enzymes ; ascorbate–glutathione cycle ; glyoxalase system ; altitudinal variation ; antioxidant activity ; bioactive compounds ; endemic species ; oxidative damage ; sequential application of antioxidants ; salinity ; Cucumis sativus ; photosynthetic efficiency ; antioxidant defense systems ; antioxidants ; cadmium ; oxidative stress ; peptone ; spinach ; alpha-tocopherol ; foliar spray ; okra varieties ; salt ; drought ; plants ; ROS ; genomics ; approaches ; integration ; abiotic stress ; antioxidant defense ; phytohormones ; pulse crop ; water deficit ; AsA-GSH pathway ; methylglyoxal ; micronutrient ; osmoregulation ; reactive oxygen species ; trace elements ; Olea europaea L. ; selenium biofortification ; olive pollen ; cytosolic Ca2+ ; Cucurbita pepo (L.) ; mineral uptake ; nucleic acids ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany & plant sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: This book is a collection of a group of peer-reviewed scientific papers dealing with both the evaluation and the solution of the complex but pressing problem of water source pollution. In the case of both fresh and marine water, the environmental and health protection aspects are closely linked. Monitoring activities supply continuous information on the contamination levels in inland surface, ground, and coastal waters, providing an alert in case of increased or new contamination and monitoring the effectiveness of remediation strategies. On the other hand, new or improved remediation and bioremediation tools are urgently needed to tackle the scarcity of safe drinking water. The papers in this book represent interesting starting points for future researches.
    Keywords: acute toxicity ; Daphnia magna ; electrochemical oxidation ; emerging contaminants ; methiocarb ; glucocorticoids ; TiO2-solar light degradation ; freshwater pollution ; photoproducts ; matrix constituents ; human health analysis ; water contamination ; water quality model ; hydraulic model ; WDS ; water quality sensors ; agrochemicals ; photo-reactor ; advanced oxidation processes ; water pollution ; point sources ; antioxidant enzymes ; pharmaceutical residues ; pesticides ; detergents ; integrative indexes ; groundwater pollution ; pollution costs ; economic environmental protection instruments ; physico-chemical parameters ; heavy metals ; health risk index ; Pearson coefficients ; adsorption ; dye ; MWCNT ; kinetics ; isotherm models ; thermodynamic ; bioaccumulation ; Lake Chapala ; carp ; catfish ; PTWI ; bioremediation ; ecotoxicology ; Gibbula umbilicalis ; marine bacteria ; tributyltin ; TBT-tolerance ; microalgae ; Vibrio fisheri ; benzenesulfonamide ; benzothiazole ; benzotriazole ; biotoxicity tests ; ferrous lactate ; in situ chemical reduction ; trichloroethylene (TCE) ; green and sustainable remediation (GSR) ; 1,4-dioxane ; dynamic ; pollution ; dumping site ; transport phenomena ; superfund ; enhanced reductive dechlorination (ERD) ; dense nonaqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) ; chlorinated hydrocarbons ; tetrachloroethene (PCE) ; trichloroethene (TCE) ; dichloroethene (DCE) ; anaerobic reduction ; metagenomics ; microplastics ; largemouth bass ; growth ; intestinal morphology ; intestinal microbiota ; PCBs ; monitoring ; biomonitoring ; statistical analysis ; Lake Baikal ; passive sampling ; trace contaminants ; seawater ; chromatography–mass spectrometry ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Mixed cropping, also known as inter-cropping or co-cultivation, is a plant production system that involves planting two or more species (or cultivars) in the same field in a variable order—row or rowless—simultaneously. Mixed cropping plays an important role in sustainable agriculture by adding value to crop rotations and agroecosystems. Scientific investigations on environmentally friendly mixed cropping should be supported by studies on the direct costs and long-term benefits that are the most relevant to farmers. Meeting the need to strengthen the scientific basis for mixed crops, the papers in this Special Issue enhance our understanding of the following: The selection of species and cultivars for a mixed crop system as well as the choice of agricultural treatments that will secure a stable yield of mixtures; Inter- and intra- species competition of plants in a canopy; Ecological intensification approaches and opportunities for maximizing crop performance and yield in mixtures; The effects of mixed crops on crop rotations; The short- and long-term ecosystem benefits of mixtures; The effects on pests and the biodiversity of agroecosystems provided by mixtures; The economic aspects of adopting the mixtures in farms; The nutritive value of mixtures for livestock; Other topics related to the mixed cropping.
    Keywords: barley ; oats ; triticale ; yield ; leaf area index ; land equivalent ratio ; standard gross margin ; brachiaria ; cereal-livestock production ; perception ; push-pull technology ; smallholder farmers ; proximity effect ; border effect ; neighbor effect ; strip intercropping ; legume ; cereals ; Hordeum vulgare ; Lolium multiflorum ; phosphorus ; water stress ; competition indices ; plant development stages ; spring cereal mixtures ; grain yield ; protein yield ; metabolic energy yield ; differentiations of cereal mixture ; sustainable agriculture ; maize ; Zea mays L. ; biodiversity ; intercropping ; silage ; growth ; quality ; non-legume ; mixed crop ; herbivores ; pest population ; natural enemy ; cereal–legume mixture ; common vetch ; cultivar ; soil quality ; cereal-legume mixture ; organic farming ; conventional farming ; leaf greenness index ; seed yield ; yield components ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Mitochondria play an increasingly central role in the context of cellular physiology. These organelles possess their own genome (mtDNA), which is functionally coordinated with the nuclear genome. Mitochondrial gene expression is mediated by molecular processes (replication, transcription, translation, and assembly of respiratory chain complexes) that all take place within the mitochondria. Several aspects of mtDNA expression have already been well characterized, but many more either are under debate or have yet to be discovered. Understanding the molecular processes occurring in mitochondria also has clinical relevance. Dysfunctions affecting these important metabolic ‘hubs’ are associated with a whole range of severe disorders, known as mitochondrial diseases. In recent years, significant progress has been made to understand the pathogenic mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction; however, to date, mitochondrial diseases are complex genetic disorders without any effective therapy. Current therapeutic strategies and clinical trials are aimed at mitigating clinical manifestations and slowing the disease progression to improve the quality of life of patients. The goal of the Special Issue ‘Mitochondria: from Physiology to Pathology’ published in Life (ISSN: 2075-1729) was to collect research and review articles covering the physiological and pathological aspects related to mtDNA maintenance and gene expression, mitochondrial biogenesis, protein import, organelle metabolism, and quality control.
    Keywords: atherosclerosis ; carotid intima-media thickness ; mitochondrial mutations ; cardiovascular risk factors ; mitochondria ; mtDNA ; cristae ; mitochondrial fission ; mitochondrial fusion ; mitochondrial diseas ; mitochondrial dynamics ; mitoenergetics ; mitosteroidogenesis ; LH ; cAMP ; Leydig cell ; mitochondrial DNA segregation ; heteroplasmy ; selective elimination ; mitophagy ; mitochondrial engineered nucleases ; kinases ; phosphorylation ; disease ; PINK1 ; Parkinson’s disease ; mitochondria homeostasis ; Cterm ; MELAS ; transmitochondrial cybrids ; aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases ; LARS2 ; mitochondrial disease ; therapeutic peptides ; FAD synthase ; FAD1 ; mitochondria localization ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; mRNA ; mitochondrial localization motif ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) can be broadly divided into several regions: the stomach, the small intestine (which is subdivided to duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), and the colon. The conditions and environment in each of these segments, and even within the segment, are dependent on many factors, e.g., the surrounding pH, fluid composition, transporters expression, metabolic enzymes activity, tight junction resistance, different morphology along the GIT, variable intestinal mucosal cell differentiation, changes in drug concentration (in cases of carrier-mediated transport), thickness and types of mucus, and resident microflora. Each of these variables, alone or in combination with others, can fundamentally alter the solubility/dissolution, the intestinal permeability, and the overall absorption of various drugs. This is the underlying mechanistic basis of regional-dependent intestinal drug absorption, which has led to many attempts to deliver drugs to specific regions throughout the GIT, aiming to optimize drug absorption, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and/or pharmacodynamics. In the book "Regional Intestinal Drug Absorption: Biopharmaceutics and Drug Formulation" we aim to highlight the current progress and to provide an overview of the latest developments in the field of regional-dependent intestinal drug absorption and delivery, as well as pointing out the unmet needs of the field.
    Keywords: bioequivalence ; Biopharmaceutics Classification System ; in vitro ; dissolution test ; pravastatin ; oral absorption ; in silico modeling ; GastroPlus ; Phoenix WinNonlin ; pharmacokinetics ; clinical studies ; ibuprofen ; manometry ; gastrointestinal ; mechanistic modeling ; PBPK ; PBBM ; disintegration ; dissolution ; enteric-coated ; ICH ; quality control ; regional intestinal permeability ; permeation enhancers ; absorption-modifying excipients ; oral peptide delivery ; intestinal perfusion ; pharmaceutical development ; controlled release drug product ; biopharmaceutics classification system ; drug solubility ; drug permeability ; location-dependent absorption ; segregated flow intestinal model (SFM) ; traditional model (TM) ; route-dependent intestinal metabolism ; first-pass effect ; drug-drug interactions ; DDI ; in vitro in vivo extrapolations ; IVIVE ; zero-order absorption ; first-order absorption ; combined zero- and first-order absorption ; transit compartment absorption model ; in situ perfusion ; microdevices ; shape ; mucoadhesion ; colon absorption ; nutrient digestion ; nutrient absorption ; gastrointestinal hormone ; postprandial glycaemia ; energy intake ; region of the gut ; obesity ; type 2 diabetes ; Franz–PAMPA ; BCS drugs ; biomimetic membrane ; Franz cell ; passive drug transport ; BCS class IV drugs ; segmental-dependent intestinal permeability ; intestinal absorption ; oral drug delivery ; biopharmaceutics ; physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling ; furosemide ; intestinal permeability ; human colon carcinoma cell layer (Caco-2) ; hierarchical support vector regression (HSVR) ; drug absorption ; drug solubility/dissolution ; regional/segmental-dependent permeability and absorption ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Nowadays, we are witnessing highly dynamic research activities related to the intriguing field of biodegradable materials with plastic-like properties. These activities are currently intensified by a strengthened public awareness of prevailing ecological issues connected to growing piles of plastic waste, microplastic formation, and increasing greenhouse gas emissions; this goes hand-in-hand with the ongoing depletion of fossil feedstocks, which are traditionally used to produce full carbon backbone polymers. To a steadily increasing extend, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolyesters, a family of plastic-like materials with versatile material properties, are considered a future-oriented solution for diminishing these concerns. PHA production is based on renewable resources, and occurs in a bio-mediated fashion by the action of living organisms. If accomplished in an optimized way, PHA production and the entire PHA lifecycle are embedded into nature´s closed cycles of carbon. Holistic improvement of PHA production, applicable on an industrially relevant scale, calls for inter alia: consolidated knowledge about the enzymatic and genetic particularities of PHA accumulating organisms, in-depth understanding of the kinetics of the bioprocess, the selection of appropriate inexpensive fermentation feedstocks, tailoring the composition of PHA on the level of the monomeric constituents, optimized biotechnological engineering, and novel strategies for PHA recovery from biomass characterized by minor energy and chemical requirement.
    Keywords: polyhydroxyalkanoate ; PHOU ; water soluble PHA ; network ; tannic acid ; polyhydroxyalkanoates ; PHB ; PAT ; Synechocystis sp. PCC 6714 ; process monitoring ; ultrasound particle manipulation ; Tepidimonas taiwanensis ; grape pomace ; thermophiles ; cheese whey ; acetic acid ; Acetobacter pasteurianus C1 ; Bacillus sp. CYR-1 ; PHA ; biodegradable plastic ; PHBHHx ; CO2 ; Cupriavidus necator ; hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium ; biopolymers ; commercialization ; copolyester ; homopolyester ; polyhydroxybutyrate ; biopolymer ; plasticizer ; ferulic acid ; poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) ; cell retention ; volatile fatty acids ; Bacillus megaterium ; polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) ; polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) ; mixed microbial cultures ; activated sludge ; respiration kinetics ; Monod kinetics ; oxygen mass balance ; hysteresis ; process modelling ; sugar beet molasses ; hydrolysis ; synthesis ; properties of PHA ; cyanobacteria ; habitat conditions ; sampling ; wild types ; single species selection ; purification ; axenic cultures ; growth ; non-phototrophic CO2 assimilation ; Knallgas cultivation ; Chemolithotrophs ; ATEX compliant bioreactor ; dissolved oxygen control ; mcl-PHAs ; scl-PHAs ; polythioester ; 3-hydroxybutyrate ; bioplastic ; alpha-methylated ; rubber-like elasticity ; polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) ; poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (P(HB-co-HV)) ; mixed microbial culture (MMC) ; hypochlorite digestion ; subcritical water (SBW) ; autotrophs ; biopolyesters ; industrialization ; mcl-PHA ; polymer processing ; polymer recovery ; process design ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Asset pricing, investment, and trading strategies are very important in finance. They are useful in various situations, for example, supporting the decision-making process of choosing investments; determining the asset-specific required rate of return on the investment; pricing derivatives for trading or hedging; getting portfolios from fixed incomes or bonds, stocks, and other assets; evaluating diverse portfolios; determining macroeconomic variables affecting market prices; calculating option prices; and incorporating features such as mean reversion and volatility, etc. They can also be applied in financial forecast for assets, portfolios, business projects.Understanding, modeling, and using various asset pricing models, investment models, and models for different trading strategies is paramount in many different areas of finance and investment, including banking, stocks, bonds, currencies, and related financial derivatives. Different asset pricing models, investment models, and models for different trading strategies also allow us to compare the performances of different variables through the analysis of empirical real-world data.This Special Issue on "Asset Pricing, Investment, and Trading Strategies” will be devoted to advancements in the theoretical development of various asset pricing models, investment models, and models for different trading strategies as well as to their applications.The Special Issue will encompass innovative theoretical developments, challenging and exciting practical applications, and interesting case studies in the development and analysis of various asset pricing models, investment models, and models for different trading strategies in finance and cognate disciplines.
    Keywords: quantile ; correlogram ; dependence ; predictability ; market efficiency ; state ownership ; risk-taking behavior ; investment ; Vietnam ; GMM ; nonlinearity ; trading strategy ; trade-offs ; transport operations ; competitiveness ; sustainability ; growth ; ARDL ; stock exchange ; capitalization ; turnover ; value traded ; agricultural commodity future prices ; extreme value ; NON-stationary Extreme Value Analysis (NEVA) ; Newton-optimal method ; high-frequency data ; market liquidity ; sovereign bonds ; spillover ; backwardation ; economic regimes ; momentum strategy ; systematic trading ; jumps identification ; swap variance ; integrated volatility ; realized volatility ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics & emerging economies
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: This book is a compendium of scientific articles submitted to a Special Issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences, fostered by MDPI and curated by Dr. Annamaria Sandomenico and Dr. Menotti Ruvo from the Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging of the National Research Council. All articles underwent a rigorous peer review and were selected to highlight the properties that make monoclonal antibodies and their functional fragments some of the most useful and versatile assets in therapy and diagnosis.
    Keywords: porcine deltacoronavirus ; nucleocapsid ; monoclonal antibodies ; neurodegenerative disorders ; affibody molecules ; blood–brain barrier ; receptor-mediated transcytosis ; transferrin receptor ; AL amyloidosis ; CD38 ; anti-CD38 MoAb ; Daratumumab ; Isatuximab ; myeloma ; BCMA ; bispecific T-cell engager ; antibody-drug conjugates ; chimeric antigen receptor T-cells ; belantamab mafodotin ; idecabtagene vicleucel ; JNJ-68284528 ; Mabs ; Antibody-Drug Conjugate ; cancer therapy ; drug targeting ; payload ; cross-linking ; antibody fragment ; Fab ; scFv ; E. coli ; YKL-40 ; CHI3L1 ; monoclonal antibody ; phage display ; lung metastasis ; prostate-specific membrane antigen ; in vivo imaging ; prostate cancer ; glutamate carboxypeptidase II ; NAALADase ; immunization ; antibody ; protocol ; guinea pig ; cDNA ; chimeric antigen receptor (CAR T) ; universal CAR T ; modular CAR T ; universal immune receptor ; CAR adaptor ; adoptive immunotherapy ; split CAR ; bispecific ; polyspecificity ; pharmacokinetics ; solubility ; aggregation ; viscosity ; developability ; stability ; affinity ; specificity ; protein engineering ; self-association ; non-specific binding ; immunogenicity ; antibody fragments ; single chain ; amyloid ; oligomer ; neurotoxicity ; NUsc1 ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Derivatization is one of the most widely used sample pretreatment techniques in Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Analysis. Reagent-based or reagent-less schemes offer improved detectability of target compounds, modification of the chromatographic properties and/or the stabilization of sensitive compounds until analysis. Either coupled with separation techniques or as a “stand alone” analytical procedure, derivatization offers endless possibilities in all aspects of analytical applications.
    Keywords: tyrosine kinase inhibitors ; chloranilic acid ; charge-transfer reaction ; 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay ; high-throughput pharmaceutical analysis ; biogenic amines ; Lycium barbarum L. ; HPLC ; derivatization ; amino acids ; esterification ; GC–MS ; pentafluoropropionic anhydride ; stability ; toluene ; pigment ; linseed oil ; derivatisation ; quantification ; P/S ratio ; A/P ratio ; ∑D ; GC-MS ; ureide ; BSTFA ; creatine ; creatinine ; silylation ; TMS ; validation ; low-molecular-weight thiols ; human serum albumin ; α-lipoic acid ; blood plasma ; monobromobimane ; reduction ; sodium borohydride ; high-performance liquid chromatography ; fluorescence detection ; taurine ; glutamine ; clams ; high-resolution mass spectrometry ; nerve agents ; methylation ; chemical warfare agents ; sarin ; Novichoks ; 2-naphthalenethiol ; sulforaphane ; HPLC-UV/Vis ; pharmacokinetics ; acetonitrile-related adducts ; acetylenic lipids ; double and triple bond localization ; in-source derivatization ; mass spectrometry ; acetazolamide ; carbonic anhydrase ; enhancement ; inhibition ; pentafluorobenzyl bromide ; chiral metabolomics ; rice water ; d-amino acids ; enantiomer separation ; dimethyl labeling ; homocysteine thiolactone ; homocysteine ; zone fluidics ; o-phthalaldehyde ; fluorosurfactant-modified gold nanoparticles ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The production of industrial and bioenergy crops has been the subject of scientific research for many years; however, the implementation of previously proposed solutions for commercial production is still at an early stage. It should be emphasized that when developing the production of industrial and bioenergy crops on agricultural lands, it is important to avoid land-use competition with the production of food and feed. It is well justified, for initiating the sustainable production of industrial and bioenergy crops, to promote efficient species for growing on marginal lands, which are unsuitable or less suitable for food or feed production. Another important point is that industrial and bioenergy crops should include nonfood and nonfeed crops and generate agricultural products categorized as commodities and/or raw materials for industrial goods and bioenergy. These industrial and bioenergy crops can become an important source of biomass. Of course, the concept of their cultivation for nonfood (and/or nonfeed) uses is not new but, despite considerable investment in research and development, little progress has been made with regard to the introduction of such crops and their products into the market. Therefore, the papers focus on innovations and perspectives regarding sustainable industrial and bioenergy crops production, logistic chains, biomass quality, utilization and cascade biomass use for bioeconomy, socio-economic and energy analyses, etc.
    Keywords: harvesting ; work productivity ; supply chain ; harvesting efficiency ; Salix ; genoype × site interaction ; survivability ; biometric features ; plant height ; fresh biomass yield ; dry biomass yield ; Miscanthus ; nitrogen fertilization ; rhizomes ; stem ; leaves ; consumer choices ; eucalyptus ; firewood ; Italy ; multilevel logistic regression model ; willingness to consume ; tobacco biomass ; energy yield ; higher heating value ; biogas potential ; Nicotiana tabacum ; energy crops ; planting density ; calorific value ; SRC ; hulled wheat species ; energy ; life cycle assessment ; Tenebrio molitor ; edible insects ; larval development ; feed conversion ratio ; agricultural and industrial residues ; lignocellulosic biomass ; bioconversion ; agroforestry ; biodiversity ; bioeconomy ; biomass supply ; circular economy ; organic farming ; perennial crops ; quarry ; syntropy ; vegetation restoration ; willow ; varieties ; yield ; marginal soil ; biological diversity ; marginal land ; cup plant ; perennial energy crop ; energy expenses ; biogas ; biomass yield ; willow SRC ; energy plants ; ground beetles ; Carabidae ; ecosystem services ; invertebrate biodiversity ; willow-leaf sunflower ; Jerusalem artichoke ; supercritical extraction ; water as co-solvent ; antimicrobial activity ; biocidal effect ; bioenergy crop ; groundwater ; growth ; invasive potential ; reproductive potential ; Silphium perfoliatum ; soil moisture ; water table distance ; energy biomass ; yields ; invasive behavior ; economics ; common osier ; fertilization ; dry matter yield ; soil chemical parameters ; soil bulk density ; water-stable aggregates ; soil microbial carbon ; willow browse ; soluble carbohydrates ; browsing damage ; cervids ; gas chromatography ; aboveground ; belowground part of Miscanthus × giganteus ; ash ; potassium ; calcium ; sulphur content ; uptake ; bioproduction ; CAP payments ; sustainable agriculture ; Poland ; unutilized agricultural areas (uUAA) ; abandoned areas ; land use and land-use change ; carbon sequestration ; soil properties (physical and chemical) ; polyphenols ; supercritical CO2 extraction ; perennial industrial crops ; antioxidant activity ; silvergrass ; willowleaf sunflower ; prairie cordgrass ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This book compiles the cutting-edge research published in the Special Issue “Emerging Issues in Occupational Health Psychology” (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health). The articles included in this book use strong and innovative theoretical approaches to provide evidence regarding the importance of working characteristics and resources to promote healthier and more sustainable environments in which employees can be happy and productive.
    Keywords: coronary artery disease ; mental exertion ; physical performance ; psychometric properties ; multidimensional fatigue inventory ; fatigue ; reliability and validity ; rehabilitation ; kindergarten teacher ; mindfulness ; emotional intelligence (EI) ; psychological distress ; anxiety ; depression ; emergency ; healthcare workers ; infectious disease ; insomnia ; logistic regression ; organizational justice ; SARS-CoV-2 ; sleep ; biological sex ; gender diversity ; masculinity traits ; femininity traits ; work and family demands ; work and family conflict ; Chinese culture ; systematic review ; occupational trauma ; posttraumatic stress disorder ; occupational accident ; occupational disease ; job crafting ; work engagement ; perceived work group member status diversity ; creativity ; diary study ; work ability ; gender ; age ; occupational risk ; mediation ; entrepreneurial team ; environmental dynamism ; individual innovation ; uncertainty reduction theory ; information exchange behavior ; psychological wellbeing ; proactive performance ; leader-member exchange ; team-member exchange ; job characteristics ; paradoxical leadership ; career resilience ; task performance ; self-regulation theory ; perceived green HRM ; green psychological climate ; harmonious environmental passion ; voluntary workplace green behavior ; green creativity ; employee well-being ; work stress ; latent profiles ; biomarkers ; hormones ; cortisol ; glycemia ; presenteeism ; productivity ; mental health ; technostress ; education ; dark side ; information overload ; skepticism ; inefficacy ; confirmatory factor analysis ; affective events ; sensitization-satiation effects ; job demands-resources model ; experience sampling ; growth curve modeling ; work adjustment ; remote work ; structural factors ; relational factors ; contextual factors ; COVID-19 pandemic ; COVID-19 ; PTSD ; pattern ; intrusion ; hyperarousal ; avoidance ; interpersonal conflict ; burnout ; job satisfaction ; service quality ; work-unit performance ; tourism and hospitality ; occupational health and well-being ; emotional demands ; workload ; role ambiguity ; multilevel modeling ; psychosocial workplace factors ; organizational health ; healthy leadership ; workplace health promotion ; qualitative study ; trauma ; growth ; psychological health ; workers’ wellbeing ; occupational health and safety ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: This addresses current advances and challenges in fisheries and aquaculture science. Exposure of larval fish to elevated temperatures during embryological development may induce craniofacial and morphological alterations, which are suggested possible impacts of global warming. Molecular markers shed new light on the ontogenetic migration of stream fishes. Fast growth rates, early age at maturity, moderate fecundity, and diverse diet explain the potential for introduced fishes to dominate fish communities in their native and introduced range. Taking videos of marine benthic habitats supports low-impact, real-time monitoring of species occurrence. Among heavily fished species, almost half had outdated demographic assessments that would benefit from the integration of data from fisheries sources and improved collaboration among fishery stakeholders and managers. The continued growth of aquaculture will depend upon developing feeds that improve the growth, oxidative status, and immune response of fed cultured organisms. New aquaculture feedstuffs might be derived from plants or microbes, and new additives would include ghrelins and dietary symbiotics. The effects of these constituents on survival, growth, gut histomorphology, immune response were assessed for cultured freshwater and marine species. The results provide suggestions for advances in aquafeeds for the species studied and for cultured fishes more generally. The scientific advances realized with the use of new tools provide the basis for addressing global challenges to fisheries, aquaculture and for ongoing scientific research.
    Keywords: Aurantiochytrium sp. ; docosahexaenoic acid ; histology ; Oreochromis niloticus ; physiology ; temperature ; underwater video ; ichthyofauna ; seagrass bed ; macroalgae soft substrate ; perireefal ; synbiotic ; acidifier ; organic salt ; humoral immune response ; antioxidant enzymes ; digestive enzymes ; disease resistance ; fishing importance ; FAO ; IUCN Red List ; RAM Legacy ; overfishing ; sustainability ; aquaculture feeds ; plant byproducts ; enzymatic pretreatment ; skeletal development ; ossification ; morphological alterations ; bullhead ; black bullhead ; ameiurus ; Ameiurus melas ; life history ; growth ; reproductive potential ; fecundity ; maturity ; sex ratio ; conservation planning ; dispersal ; genetic markers ; mating system ; parentage analysis ; visual tags ; aquaculture ; ghrelin ; gilthead sea bream ; growth hormone secretagogue ; feed intake ; metabolism ; welfare ; alternative ingredients ; gut digesta ; gut histomorphology ; gut mucosa ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNA Primary industries::KNAF Fisheries & related industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book covers the most recent research trends and applications of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry. The included topics range from the adulteration of dietary supplements, to the determination of drugs in biological samples with the aim to investigate their pharmacokinetic properties.
    Keywords: growth hormone ; long-acting Fc-fusion recombinant human growth hormone ; method validation ; cell-based bioassay ; reporter gene assay ; pharmacokinetics ; tissue distribution ; alnustone ; rats ; LC-MS/MS ; inflammatory bowel disease ; fixed-dose combination ; biomimetic chromatography ; thiopurine immunosuppressants ; folic acid ; doxorubicin ; hernandezine ; pharmacokinetic study ; drug–drug interaction ; gardneramine ; monoterpenoid indole alkaloid ; memantine ; rimantadine ; amantadine ; zone fluidics ; o-phthalaldehyde ; derivatization ; stopped-flow ; quality control ; anwuligan ; rat ; optode ; polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride ; lactone-rhodamine B ; contact-lens detergent ; dietary supplement ; adulteration ; low-field NMR ; multivariate analysis ; steroids ; Partial Least Squares regression ; in vitro permeability ; predictive model ; ketamine ; norketamine ; high throughput bar adsorptive microextraction ; LVI-GC-MS(SIM) ; urine ; baricitinib ; UPLC-MS/MS ; irbersartan ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Being the largest animal protein producer, the poultry industry is in the focus of mixed-diet consumers (from a welfare point of view, as a medium of functional foods, environmental issues, the use of antibiotics, etc.), as well as the livestock industry in general. The poultry industry is also extremely quick to uptake new technologies (such as biotechnology, mechanization, robotics, and climate and nutrient control) in order to be economically efficient and sustainable. There is constant pressure from pathogens and new threats, such as avian flu, that requires new treatments and biosecurity measures. There are many novel approaches and answers to these challenges. In breeding, molecular genetic tools (genomic selection and genome editing) can be used to increase production efficiency and fitness, especially immunity traits, or to characterize local genetic pools. The One Health approach, which requires a holistic approach, where genetics, nutrition, health treatment, and management need to be considered together, has gained ground in the poultry industry. The gut microbiome seems to be a good indicator of the balanced health of an animal. Artificial intelligence, built into robotic supervision and handling, helps to increase animal comfort and save costs in the workforce. Organic farming takes a different approach and faces different challenges. What could the possible answers be? We are facing a new era in poultry science. The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight the importance of new findings.
    Keywords: skin microbiota ; poultry ; welfare ; diet ; 16S rRNA gene ; amplicon sequencing ; ducks ; probiotic ; gut microbiome ; zinc ; imunity ; Ascaridia galli ; chicken ; microbiology ; poultry farming waste ; organic waste ; low protein diet ; broiler chickens ; N excretion ; Citrullus colocynthis ; lipid profile ; stress indicators ; physiological status ; productive performance ; laying hens ; ostrich ; meat production ; meat nutritive composition ; amino acids ; fatty acids ; minerals ; technological and organoleptic characteristics ; fattening turkey ; protein ; methionine ; growth ; hepatic lipidosis ; oxidative stress ; chicken breeds ; evolutionary lineages ; phenotypic traits ; NCAPG-LCORL ; synthetic genetic structure ; admixture ; laying hen ; non-caged ; non-trimmed ; beak abrasion ; behavior ; aggressiveness ; mortality ; lameness ; broiler chicken ; hypophosphatemic rickets ; Ca:P ratio ; phosphorus deficiency ; phosphorus requirement ; duration of onset ; animal nutrition ; animal husbandry ; composted pelletized poultry litter ; life cycle assessment ; Hosoya composting ; chemical fertilizers ; EU Green Deal ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Herbaceous field crops include several hundred plant species worldly widespread for different end-uses, from food to no-food applications. Among them are included cereals, grain legumes, sugar beet, potato, cotton, tobacco, sunflower, safflower, rape, flax, soybean, alfalfa, clover spp. and other fodder crops, but only 15–20 species play a relevant role for the worldly global economy. Nowadays, to meet the food demand of the ever-increasing world population in a scenario of decreased arable lands, the development of holistic agricultural management approaches to boost contemporaneously yield and quality of herbaceous field crops is essential. Accordingly, this book represents an up-to-date collection of the current understanding of the impact of several agricultural management factors (i.e., genetic selection, planting density and arrangement, fertilization, irrigation, weed control and harvest time) on the yield and qualitative performances of 11 field crops (wheat, cardoon, potato, clary sage, basil, sugarcane, canola, cotton, tomato, lettuce and hemp). On the whole, the topics covered in this book will ensure students and academic readers, such as plant physiologists, environmental scientists, biotechnologists, botanists, soil chemists and agronomists, to get the information about the recent research advances on the eco-sustainable management cultivation of herbaceous field crops, with a particular focus on varietal development, soil nutrient and water management, weed control, etc.
    Keywords: planting density ; fertilization ; the central composite design ; fiber yield ; analog optimization ; potato ; nitrogen fertilization ; environmental sustainability ; cost-effective ; nitrogen use efficiency ; tuber yield ; EONFR ; growth ; specific leaf nitrogen ; critical nitrogen uptake ; cotton ; dry matter yield ; root growth ; root physiology ; water productivity ; nitrogen productivity ; drip irrigation quota ; lint yield ; biomass ; leaf chlorophyll fluorescence ; leaf gas exchange ; leaf structure ; drought tolerance ; dry weight yield ; essential oil content ; leaf area index ; Ocimum basilicum ; potassium ; fertilizer ; biomass accumulation ; fiber quality ; organic farming system ; yield ; pH ; soluble solid content ; Bostwick viscosity ; phosphorus sensitivity ; phosphorus ; reproductive organ biomass ; nutrients accumulation ; plant density ; nitrogen fertilization rate ; photosynthesis rate ; SPAD readings ; nitrogen efficiency indices ; tuber nutritional composition ; cereal crops ; plant water extracts ; bioherbicides ; weed management ; allelopathy ; dual purpose canola ; nitrogen fertilizer ; oil content ; grazing ; sustainable agriculture ; integrated weed management ; yield losses ; preventive weed control ; mechanical weed control ; physical weed control ; biological weed control ; herbicides ; hybrids ; wheat ; weeds ; competition ; genetic gain ; genomic selection ; quantitative genetics ; sugarcane breeding ; pit plantation ; planting patterns ; ratoon crop ; sowing techniques ; sugarcane yield ; quality ; seasonal variation ; fatty acids ; free sugars ; chemical composition ; Cynara cardunculus L. ; cardoon ; organic acids ; clary sage ; essential oil ; aromatic plant species ; biometric and agronomic characteristics ; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; organic farming ; calcareous soils ; crop physiology ; sustainability ; diatomaceous earth ; monosilicic acid ; Si application method ; soil water conditions ; wheat cultivar ; tocopherols ; lipidic fraction ; companion plants ; N-fertilization ; partial land equivalent ratio (PLER) ; weed control ; grain quality ; productivity ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: This book serves to highlight the pharmacokinetics/drug–drug interactions and mechanistic understanding in relation to the drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters.This book presents a series of drug metabolism and transport mechanisms that govern the pharmacokinetic features of therapeutic drugs as well as natural herbal medicines. It also covers the pharmacokinetic interactions caused by inhibiting or inducing the metabolic or transport activities under disease states or the coadministration of potential inhibitors. It also deals with microenvironmental pharmacokinetic profiles as well as population pharmacokinetics, which gives new insights regarding the pharmacokinetic features with regard to drug metabolism and transporters.
    Keywords: tofacitinib ; dose-dependent pharmacokinetics ; hepatic and intestinal first-pass effect ; rats ; catalposide ; in vitro human metabolism ; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase ; sulfotransferase ; carboxylesterase ; celecoxib ; drug–drug interaction ; fluorescence ; HPLC ; metabolism ; repaglinide ; HSG4112 ; anti-obesity agent ; stereoselectivity ; pharmacokinetics ; compound K ; protopanaxadiol (PPD) ; biliary excretion ; intestinal metabolism ; Carthamus tinctorius extract ; notoginseng total saponins ; comparative pharmacokinetic study ; large volume direct injection ; compatibility mechanism ; mertansine ; human hepatocytes ; cytochrome P450 ; UDP-glucuronosyltransferases ; sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors ; DWP16001 ; kidney distribution ; inhibition mode ; diabetes ; transporter-enzyme interplay ; influx transporter ; efflux transporter ; physiologically based pharmacokinetic model ; cytochrome P450 enzymes ; tiropramide ; healthy Korean subjects ; modeling ; population pharmacokinetic ; quercetin ; breast cancer resistance protein ; inhibitor ; prazosin ; sulfasalazine ; kinetic analysis ; food–drug interactions ; Caco-2 ; EpiIntestinal ; first-pass ; P-gp ; BCRP ; drug transporter ; CYP3A4 ; oral availability ; automatization ; drug absorption ; drug dosing ; head-and-neck cancer ; real-time measurements ; taxanes ; tissue engineering ; UHPLC-MS/MS ; metformin ; verapamil ; drug interaction ; organic cation transporter 2 ; renal excretion ; acute renal failure ; gentamicin ; cisplatin ; hepatic CYP3A1(23) ; creatinine clearance ; renal clearance ; nonrenal clearance ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Fermented foods are consumed all over the world and their consumption shows an increasing trend. They play many roles, from preservation to food security, improved nutrition and social well-being. Different microorganisms are involved in the fermentation process and the diversity of the microbiome is high.Fermented foods are food substrates that are invaded or overgrown by edible microorganisms whose enzymes hydrolyze polysaccharides, proteins and lipids to nontoxic products with flavors, aromas, and textures that are pleasant and attractive to the human consumer. Fermentation plays different roles in food processing, including the development of a wide diversity of flavors, aromas, and textures in food, lactic acid, alcoholic, acetic acid, alkaline and high salt fermentations for food preservation purposes, biological enrichment of food substrates with vitamins, protein, essential amino acids, and essential fatty acids and detoxification during food fermentation processing.
    Keywords: fermented foods ; nutritional guidelines ; legislation ; national food guides ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; biomass ; date extract ; optimization ; response surface methodology ; kinetic models ; antifungal ; bioprotection ; bread ; Lactobacillus plantarum ; phenyllactic acid ; Aspergillus ; Penicillium ; Fusarium ; sauerkraut ; microbiome ; fermentation ; probiotics ; high-throughput sequencing ; nutrition ; health benefits ; microbiology ; health ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: Aquaculture is an important economic activity for food production all around the world that has experienced an exponential growth during the last few decades. However, several weaknesses and bottlenecks still need to be addressed in order to improve the aquaculture productive system. The recent fast development of the omics technologies has provided scientists with meaningful tools to elucidate the molecular basis of their research interests. This reprint compiles different works about the use of transcriptomics and genomics technologies in different aspects of the aquaculture research, such as immunity, stress response, development, sexual dimorphism, among others, in a variety of fish and shellfish, and even in turtles. Different transcriptome (mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs)), genome (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)), and metatranscriptome analyses were conducted to unravel those different aspects of interest.
    Keywords: RNA-Seq ; lncRNAs ; Dicentrarchus labrax ; viral infection ; nodavirus ; immune response ; fish ; T lymphocytes ; infection ; malnutrition ; inflammation ; aquaculture ; histopathology ; immunohistochemistry ; enteromyxosis ; Philasterides dicentrarchi ; turbot ; transcriptomics ; Chinese mitten crab ; Eriocheir sinensis ; transportome ; transporters ; salinity ; osmoregulation ; transcriptome ; meta-analysis ; gills ; short pentraxins ; c-reactive protein ; zebrafish ; transcript expression ; antiviral ; SVCV ; rag1 mutants ; skin ; mucosal immunity ; hypoxia ; hypo-metabolic state ; growth ; swimming performance ; metabolic landmarks ; muscle transcriptome ; glycolysis ; lipid metabolism ; protein turnover ; gilthead sea bream ; hepatopancreas necrosis disease ; metatranscriptomics sequencing ; hepatopancreatic flora ; teleost ; B cells ; single cell transcriptomics ; immunoglobulins ; immune markers ; transcription factors ; long non-coding RNAs ; hepatic transcript expression ; salmon ; microarray ; omega-6/omega-3 ratio ; nutrigenomics ; fatty acids ; liver ; muscle ; Misgurnus anguillicaudatus ; sexual size dimorphism ; polyploid size dimorphism ; comparative transcriptome ; gene expression ; edible red sea urchin ; Loxechinus albus ; RNA-seq ; reference transcriptome ; Chinese soft-shelled turtle ; Aeromonas hydrophila ; hemorrhagic sepsis ; molecular immunopathogenesis ; tripartite motif proteins ; B30.2 domain ; antiviral immunity ; Ctenopharyngodon idella ; grass carp reovirus ; metamorphosis ; brain ; RNA ; sequencing ; intermuscular bone ; development ; Megalobrama amblycephala ; Oreochromis niloticus ; histological structure ; Atlantic salmon ; smoltification ; genome ; mRNAs ; miRNAs ; sox family genes ; Pelodiscus sinensis ; estradiol ; pseudo-female ; sex-related ; heterosis ; heterobeltiosis ; environment ; transgressive genes ; conserved miRNA ; high-throughput sequencing ; lumpfish ; novel miRNA ; RT-qPCR ; heat shock protein ; co-chaperon network ; salinity-alkalinity adaptation ; molecular evolution ; Lateolabrax maculatus ; genomics ; stress response ; HPI-axis ; neuroendocrine-immune interaction ; common carp ; poly-unsaturated fatty acid ; fatty acid elongase ; association study ; genomic selection ; bulked segregant analysis ; SNP ; association analysis ; joint effect ; seawater adaptation ; microRNAs ; small-RNA sequencing ; microarray transcriptome ; European seabass ; chronic inflammation ; opioid receptors ; immune status ; whole-transcriptome sequencing ; sex differentiation ; non-coding RNAs ; ceRNA ; red cusk-eel ; thermal stress ; liver transcriptome ; oxidative damage ; protein folding ; hepatic enzymes ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNA Primary industries::KNAF Fisheries & related industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The purpose of this book was not to provide a comprehensive overview of the vast arena of how fungi and fungal metabolites are able to improve human and animal nutrition and health; rather, we, as Guest Editors, wished to encourage authors working in this field to publish their most recent work in this rapidly growing journal in order for the large readership to appreciate the full potential of wonderful and beneficial fungi. Thus, this Special Issue welcomed scientific contributions on applications of fungi and fungal metabolites, such as bioactive fatty acids, pigments, polysaccharides, alkaloids, terpenoids, etc., with great potential in human and animal nutrition and health.
    Keywords: fungal pigment ; natural dye ; spalting ; Scytalidium cuboideum ; dramada ; sustainable clothing ; selenium ; biofortification ; transporters ; mycorrhizal fungi ; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) ; fungal pigments ; textile dyeing ; toxicity testing ; biotechnological approaches ; challenges ; limits ; Saccharomyces boulardii ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; probiotics ; gastrointestinal tract ; Alginate ; β-glucan ; oligosaccharides ; elicitation ; Sargassum species ; Sparassis latifolia ; polyphenol ; antioxidant ; agave mezcalero bagasse ; apple bagasse ; solid-state fermentation ; secondary metabolites ; Pleurotus ostreatus ; Endophytic fungi ; Hyptis dilatata ; Pestalotiopsis mangiferae ; Pestalotiopsis microspora ; chemical elicitors ; antibacterial activity ; LC–ESI–Q–TOF–MS ; yeast ; biological control ; postharvest decay ; fruit ; mycorrhizae ; elevated CO2 ; Thymus vulgare ; growth ; photosynthesis ; metabolites ; biological activity ; Candida albicans ; non-albicans Candida species ; Candida auris ; aromatic alcohols ; fungi ; metabolomics ; NTCD ; additives ; functional foods ; nutraceuticals ; sustainability ; healthy aging ; Mortierella alpina ; animal fat by-product ; arachidonic acid ; ATR-FTIR spectroscopy ; Mucor circinelloides ; high-throughput screening ; metal ions ; phosphorus ; lipids ; biofuel ; FTIR spectroscopy ; bioremediation ; co-production ; natural colorants ; filamentous fungi ; stirred-tank bioreactor ; biodegradable films ; food package ; bioactive compounds ; FIP ; human health ; immunomodulation ; induced apoptosis ; lectin ; medicinal mushrooms ; polysaccharide ; terpenes and terpenoids ; melanin ; carotenoids ; polyketides ; azaphilones ; antitumor ; medical roles ; sphinganine-analog mycotoxins ; fumonisins ; AAL-toxin ; chemical structure ; toxicity ; genetics and evolution ; biosynthesis ; livestock ; ewes ; energy ; cytokines ; yeasts ; liquid swine diets ; MALDI-TOF ; biochemical identification ; growth temperature Ancom Gas Production System ; Candida krusei ; Candida lambica ; M. purpureus ; red yeast rice ; cholesterol reduction ; probiotic potential ; natural colorant ; extraction ability ; marine fungi ; Talaromyces albobiverticillius ; aqueous two-phases system extraction ; ionic liquids ; feed additive ; probiotic ; Sporidiobolus ruineniae ; tannase ; micro-fungi ; macro-fungi ; Ganoderma ; kombucha ; anticancer ; carotenoid ; medicinal mushroom ; mycobiome ; antimicrobial ; antifungal ; bioconversion ; cheese ; dairy ; Sclerotinia ; secondary metabolite ; endophytic fungi ; uncommon secondary metabolites ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: The book broadly deals with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and various relevant topics, including different antibody formats such as Antibody–Drug Conjugates (ADC), bispecifics, nanoparticle-based mAbs and HER2+ cancers, immune checkpoint inhibitors and other closely related topics. Each paper was written by leading active research groups in their fields both from academia and industry. The book should be of interest to those scientists and researchers who develop or use biologics, biotherapeutics, biosimilars and biobetters in cancer treatment.
    Keywords: monoclonal antibody ; NSCLC ; immunotherapy ; ELISA ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacogenetics ; anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies ; anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody ; B cell ; immune checkpoint blockade ; immune-related adverse events (irAEs) ; myasthenia gravis (MG) ; non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ; nivolumab ; programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) ; T cell ; tetraspanins ; cancer ; Tspan8 ; radioimmunotherapy ; immune-checkpoint inhibitors ; LDH ; biomarkers ; Ang-2 ; antiangiogenic therapy ; in vivo imaging ; radio- and chemotherapy ; VEGF-A ; cancer therapy ; neovascularization ; angiogenesis ; tumor microenvironment ; colorectal cancer ; antibody ; NK cells ; ADCC ; CD133 ; prominin-1 ; gold nanoparticles ; antibody-drug conjugates ; cell penetrating peptide ; HIV-1 TAT ; active-targeting ; targeted delivery ; trastuzumab ; MMAE ; valine-citrulline ; affibody ; drug conjugates ; hepatic uptake ; DM1 ; dermatooncology ; immune checkpoints ; monoclonal antibodies ; passive immunotherapy ; canine B-cell lymphoma ; DLA-DR ; HLA-DR ; antibody-drug conjugate ; ADC ; methotrexate ; tumor immunity ; combination therapy ; multiple myeloma (MM) ; monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) ; antibody products ; B cell maturation antigens (BCMAs) ; bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs®) ; checkpoint inhibitors 1 ; protein structure 2 ; pharmacokinetics 3 ; drug optimization 4 ; HER2-positive breast cancer ; metastatic disease ; neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy ; targeted therapy ; acute myeloid leukemia ; CD123 ; IL3RA ; kinesin spindle protein inhibitor ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: The milk industry is largely based on dairy cattle production. After decades of great advancements in genetics, nutrition, and management, today, one cow can reach unprecedented levels of milk production. New challenges have been posed to preserving the health and welfare of these domestic animals. “High-Yielding Dairy Cows” is a collection of scientific papers focusing on three main areas: metabolic diseases, reproduction diseases, and herd (heath) management in confined and pasture production systems. This book aggregates knowledge from a molecular level to a more holistic approach on disease prevention and management, giving the reader an accurate overview of the current state of the art of this topic. It intends to contribute to ensuring the supply of ethical and responsible animal protein for about eight billion of people.
    Keywords: dairy cow ; fatty liver ; lipid metabolism ; oxidative stress ; SIRT1 ; dairy cows ; PPARγ ; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ; genetic factor ; dairy industry ; milking system ; work routine ; parlor ; milking model ; small dairy ; reproductive strategy ; parity ; season ; rank of AI ; type of AI ; heat stress ; whole transcript sequencing ; immune response ; stress response ; myostatin gene ; variation ; milk ; fatty acid ; cattle ; milk production ; metabolomics ; biomarkers ; flaxseed ; dry period ; enterolactone ; milk fatty acids ; peak of lactation ; lipolysis ; fatty acids ; casein ; postpartum diseases ; activin ; inhibin ; cytokines ; endometrium ; subclinical endometritis ; cow ; milk beta-hydroxybutyrate ; fat to protein content ratio ; left displaced abomasum ; negative energy balance ; alpha-tocopherol/vitamin E-related gene ; calving ; colostrum ; high-yield dairy cows ; inflammation ; health ; lactation ; liver ; mammary gland ; ultrasonography ; pregnancy proteins ; embryonic mortality ; fetal mortality ; body condition score ; urea ; β-hydroxybutyrate ; metabolism ; urea in milk ; primiparous cows ; lactation curves ; feeding system ; herd management ; protein metabolism ; amino acids ; milk protein ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; high-yield cows ; pH ; VFA ; inflammatory cytokines ; transition period ; ketosis ; RNA-Seq ; clustering ; liver metabolism ; Jersey ; oral calcium bolus ; calcium ; hypocalcemia ; mastitis ; culling ; reproduction ; herd health ; milking management ; production systems ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Creatine plays a critical role in cellular metabolism, primarily by binding with phosphate to form phosphocreatine (PCr) as well as shuttling high-energy phosphate compounds in and out of the mitochondria for metabolism. Increasing the dietary availability of creatine increases the tissue and cellular availability of PCr, and thereby enhances the ability to maintain high-energy states during intense exercise. For this reason, creatine monohydrate has been extensively studied as an ergogenic aid for exercise, training, and sport. Limitations in the ability to synthesize creatine and transport and/or store dietary creatine can impair metabolism and is a contributor to several disease states. Additionally, creatine provides an important source of energy during metabolically stressed states, particularly when oxygen availability is limited. Thus, researchers have assessed the role of creatine supplementation on health throughout the lifespan, as well as whether creatine availability may improve disease management and/or therapeutic outcomes. This book provides a comprehensive overview of scientific and medical evidence related to creatine's role in metabolism, health throughout the lifespan, and our current understanding of how creatine can promote brain, heart, vascular and immune health; reduce the severity of musculoskeletal and brain injury; and may provide therapeutic benefits in glucose management and diabetes, cancer therapy, inflammatory bowel disease, and post-viral fatigue.
    Keywords: ergogenic aids ; cellular metabolism ; phosphagens ; sarcopenia ; cognition ; diabetes ; creatine synthesis deficiencies ; concussion ; traumatic brain injury ; spinal cord injury ; muscle atrophy ; rehabilitation ; pregnancy ; immunity ; anti-inflammatory ; antioxidant ; anticancer ; creatine ; nutritional supplements ; fertility ; newborn ; development ; brain injury ; post-viral fatigue syndrome ; chronic fatigue syndrome ; GAA ; creatine kinase ; dietary supplements ; exercise ; skeletal muscle ; glycemic control ; type 2 diabetes mellitus ; phosphorylcreatine ; dietary supplement ; ergogenic aid ; youth ; athletes ; osteoporosis ; osteosarcopenia ; frailty ; cachexia ; innate immunity ; adaptive immunity ; inflammation ; macrophage polarization ; cytotoxic T cells ; toll-like receptors ; vascular pathology ; cardiovascular disease ; oxidative stress ; vascular health ; female ; menstrual cycle ; hormones ; exercise performance ; menopause ; mood ; children ; height ; BMI-for-age ; stature-for-age ; growth ; phosphocreatine ; creatine transporter ; supplementation ; treatment ; heart ; heart failure ; ischemia ; myocardial infarction ; anthracycline ; cardiac toxicity ; energy metabolism ; cell survival ; bioinformatics ; systems biology ; cellular allostasis ; dynamic biosensor ; pleiotropic effects of creatine (Cr) supplementation ; inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) ; ulcerative colitis ; Crohn’s disease ; creatine kinase (CK) ; phosphocreatine (PCr) ; creatine transporter (CrT) ; intestinal epithelial cell protection ; intestinal tissue protection ; creatine perfusion ; organ transplantation ; Adenosine mono-phosphate (AMP) ; activated protein kinase (AMPK) ; liver kinase B1 (LKB1) ; mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) ; reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; glucose transporter (GLUT) ; T cell antitumor immunity ; metabolic regulator ; cancer immunotherapy ; supplements ; muscle damage ; recovery ; immobilization ; atrophy ; muscular dystrophy ; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Parkinson’s Disease ; cardiopulmonary disease ; mitochondrial cytopathy ; hypertrophy ; athletic performance ; weightlifting ; resistance exercise ; training ; muscular power ; muscular adaptation ; muscle fatigue ; adipose tissue ; muscle strength ; physiological adaptation ; mitochondria ; thermogenesis ; MAP kinase signaling system ; sodium-chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters ; signal transduction ; intradialytic creatine supplementation ; hemodialysis ; muscle ; protein energy wasting ; clinical trial ; muscle weakness ; chronic fatigue ; cognitive impairment ; depression ; anemia ; resistance training ; sports nutrition ; strength ; toxicity ; methylation ; hyperhomocysteinemia ; neuromodulation ; MCDA ; mitochondriopathia ; cardiac infarction ; long COVID ; hypoxia ; stroke ; neurodegenerative diseases ; noncommunicable disease ; adenosine 5′-monopnophosphate-activated protein kinase ; anthracyclines ; creatine supplementation ; cardiac signaling ; cardiotoxicity ; doxorubicin ; soy ; vegetarian/vegan diet ; amino acids ; dietary ingredients ; performance ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Caffeine is present in coffee and many other beverages and is the most widely used central nervous system stimulant. Coffee drinking or caffeine supplementation may have a role in preventing cardiometabolic and endocrine disease, neuroinflammation, cancer, and even all-cause mortality. Other aspects are either less known or controversial, including the effects on the brain–gut axis, neurodevelopment, behavior, pain, muscle–skeletal health, skin or sexual function. Studies focusing on special populations (neonates, children, adolescents, athletes, elderly, pregnant and nonpregnant women), or interactions with other drugs and foods, are relatively scarce but of obvious interest. Other compounds present in coffee and other caffeinated food stuffs may affect caffeine´s physiological effects with a tremendous impact on health. This Special Issue, which contains twenty-one manuscripts, has focused on some of these varied topics, providing further evidence of the multiple health benefits that coffee/caffeine intake may exert in humans, at least in specific populations (with a particular genetic profile or suffering from specific diseases). However, the specific effects in the different organs and systems, as well as the mechanisms involved are not yet clear. Furthermore, within the current context aiming to sustainable development, the coffee plant Coffee sp. and its so-far relatively neglected by-products are expected to become soon a source of ingredients for new functional foods whose properties will need to be precisely determined. We hope the readers of this Special Issue will find inspiration for new studies on the topic.
    Keywords: pharmacokinetics ; energy drink ; exercise ; elite athlete ; performance ; football ; RPE ; DOMS ; sport performance ; supplementation ; ergogenic aids ; consumer ; behavior ; perception ; coffee ; health ; consumption motives ; coffee/caffeine ; systematic review and meta-analysis ; prospective studies ; epidemiology ; cancer prevention ; colorectal cancer ; individual responses ; responders ; exercise performance ; caffeine ; tea ; energy drinks ; pregnancy ; newborn ; ergogenic aid ; resistance training ; isokinetic testing ; adrenal gland ; corticosterone ; puberty ; rat ; sex-difference ; fatigue ; mood state ; supplement ; resistance exercise ; speed ; repetition ; n/a ; metabolome ; skeletal muscle ; muscle contraction ; ergogenic effect ; bench press ; upper limb ; ergogenic substances ; time under tension ; 1RM test ; metabolites ; phenotyping ; CYP450 ; NAT ; xanthine oxidase ; actigraphy ; athletic ; anaerobic ; CMJ ; nutrition ; sport supplement ; Wingate ; electromyography ; efficiency ; sport ; expectancy ; belief ; perceptions ; placebo effect ; recovery ; strength ; power ; sprint performance ; menstrual cycle ; placebo ; ergogenic ; EEG–EMG coherence ; women ; exercise training ; velocity ; muscle function ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: The book deals with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) broadly, and relevant topics such as challenges and opportunities, next-generation antibody products, Antibody-Drug-Conjugates (ADC), bispecifics, glycosylation, and T-cell engagers are covered. Each topic has been written by leading groups around the world and the book should be of interest to researchers from both academia and industry.
    Keywords: therapeutic antibody ; stability ; aggregation ; manufacture challenges ; formulation ; antibodies ; site-specific conjugation ; bioconjugates ; ADC ; antibody-drug conjugates ; payloads ; linkers ; nucleic acids ; ADME ; developability ; glycosylation ; post-translational modifications ; pharmacokinetics ; effector functions ; antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity ; complement-dependent cytotoxicity ; immunogenicity ; pharmacodynamics ; glycoengineering ; type III secretion system ; prophylaxis ; antibacterials ; antibiotics ; HIV/AIDS ; co-formulation ; high concentration ; analytical characterization ; antibody (s) ; T-cell engagers ; bispecific antibodies ; immunotherapy ; oncology ; antibody engineering ; immunological synapse ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: This colligated Special Issue of Pharmaceutics on Precision Medicine: Applied Concepts of Pharmacogenomics in Patients with Various Diseases and Polypharmacy offers to the reader a series of articles that describe the concept of Precision Medicine, discuss its implementation process and limitations, demonstrate its value by illustrating some clinical cases, and open the door to new and more sophisticated techniques and applications.
    Keywords: fibromyalgia (FM) ; myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) ; microRNA ; miRNome ; pharmacogenomics ; pharmacoepigenomics ; SM2miR ; Pharmaco-miR ; repoDB ; ME/CFS Common Data Elements (CDEs) ; dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase ; DPYD ; 5-fluorouracil ; fluoropyrimidine ; therapeutic drug monitoring ; orthotopic liver transplant ; busulfan ; glutathione S-transferase ; genetic polymorphism ; limited sampling strategy ; pharmacokinetics ; clinical pharmacogenetics ; pharmacogenetic testing ; adverse drug reactions ; genotype ; phenotype ; pharmacogene ; barriers to pharmacogenetics implementation ; Sub-Saharan Africa ; chronic low back pain (cLBP) ; genetics ; personalized treatment ; polymorphism ; CYP450 ; tacrolimus ; CYP3A5 ; liver transplant ; pharmacogenomic ; minority ; data collection ; drug ; biomarker ; pharmacogenetics ; pharmacogenetic test ; personalized medicine ; gene expression ; infliximab ; adalimumab ; ulcerative colitis ; Crohn disease ; inflammatory bowel disease ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The use of lipid-based nanosystems, including lipid nanoparticles (solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC)), nanoemulsions, and liposomes, among others, is widespread. Several researchers have described the advantages of different applications of these nanosystems. For instance, they can increase the targeting and bioavailability of drugs, improving therapeutic effects. Their use in the cosmetic field is also promising, owing to their moisturizing properties and ability to protect labile cosmetic actives. Thus, it is surprising that only a few lipid-based nanosystems have reached the market. This can be explained by the strict regulatory requirements of medicines and the occurrence of unexpected in vivo failure, which highlights the need to conduct more preclinical studies.Current research is focused on testing the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo efficacy of lipid-based nanosystems to predict their clinical performance. However, there is a lack of method validation, which compromises the comparison between different studies.This book brings together the latest research and reviews that report on in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo preclinical studies using lipid-based nanosystems. Readers can find up-to-date information on the most common experiments performed to predict the clinical behavior of lipid-based nanosystems. A series of 15 research articles and a review are presented, with authors from 15 different countries, which demonstrates the universality of the investigations that have been carried out in this area.
    Keywords: nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) ; formulation optimization ; rivastigmine ; quality by design (QbD) ; nasal route ; nose-to-brain ; N-alkylisatin ; liposome ; urokinase plasminogen activator ; PAI-2 ; SerpinB2 ; breast cancer ; liposomes ; target delivery nanosystem ; FZD10 protein ; colon cancer therapy ; supersaturation ; silica-lipid hybrid ; spray drying ; lipolysis ; lipid-based formulation ; fenofibrate ; mesoporous silica ; oral drug delivery ; hyaluronic acid ; drug release ; light activation ; stability ; mobility ; biocorona ; dissolution enhancement ; phospholipids ; solid dosage forms ; porous microparticles ; nanoemulsion(s) ; phase-behavior ; DoE ; D-optimal design ; vegetable oils ; non-ionic surfactants ; efavirenz ; flaxseed oil ; nanostructured lipid carriers ; nanocarrier ; docohexaenoic acid ; neuroprotection ; neuroinflammation ; fluconazole ; Box‒Behnken design ; nanotransfersome ; ulcer index ; zone of inhibition ; rheological behavior ; ex vivo permeation ; nanomedicine ; cancer ; doxorubicin ; melanoma ; drug delivery ; ultrasound contrast agents ; phospholipid coating ; ligand distribution ; cholesterol ; acoustic response ; microbubble ; lipid phase ; dialysis ; ammonia ; intoxication ; cyanocobalamin ; vitamin B12 ; atopic dermatitis ; psoriasis ; transferosomes ; lipid vesicles ; skin topical delivery ; oligonucleotide ; self-emulsifying drug delivery systems ; hydrophobic ion pairing ; intestinal permeation enhancers ; Caco-2 monolayer ; clarithromycin ; solid lipid nanoparticles ; optimization ; permeation ; pharmacokinetics ; follicular targeting ; dexamethasone ; alopecia areata ; lipomers ; lipid polymer hybrid nanocapsules ; biodistribution ; skin ; ethyl cellulose ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 78
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: Among gluten-related disorders, coeliac disease (CD) is the best-known one to date, a chronic immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by exposure to gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. It is a common disease, occurring at all ages and characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, affecting any organ or tissue. The diagnosis rate of this pathology has increased in the last 10 years, so worldwide epidemiologic data are now available that show that CD is ubiquitous, with a prevalence of 1.4%, higher in female than male individuals. Currently, the only effective treatment for CD is strict and lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). However, CD research is changing rapidly due to the continuous advancing of knowledge. For this reason, the main goal of this Special Issue has been to address the existing knowledge gaps and help advance such important aspects as the pathophysiology, diagnosis, follow-up, and therapeutic options of this pathology. This Special Issue includes 12 peer-reviewed articles reporting on the latest research findings in and evidence related to CD. The published articles cover a range of topics central to CD and GFDs.
    Keywords: celiac disease ; relatives ; microbiota ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Pseudomonas fluorescens ; Bacteroides caccae ; coeliac disease ; oral diseases ; oral prevention ; gingival bleeding ; sleep-related breathing disorders ; oral health ; enamel defects ; interceptive orthodontics ; data mining gluten free diet ; gluten proteins ; immunogenicity ; evidence-based practice ; case management ; treatment adherence and compliance ; anemia ; iron transporter ; IgA nephropathy ; tissue transglutaminase autoantibody ; tissue transglutaminase-targeted IgA deposits ; flow cytometry ; age ; sex ; lesion grade ; intraepithelial lymphocytes TCRγδ+ ; functional bowel disease ; gluten-free diet ; tissue biomarkers ; non-coeliac gluten sensitivity ; FODMAP diet ; dietitian ; rural health services ; gluten ; gliadin ; gluten immunogenic peptides ; non-dietary therapies ; gluten cross-contaminations ; dietary adherence ; vital gluten ; oat ; hidden gluten ; patients with CD ; symptoms ; gluten excretion urine ; gluten-free diet monitoring ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 79
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: This Special Issue focuses on the effects of hydrostatic pressure on biological systems and the use of these effects for exploring the structure, function, and molecular dynamics of biological macromolecules and their ensembles. Here, we present a selection of papers highlighting new experimental findings and new theoretical concepts in high-pressure biosciences. In these studies, the authors combine pressure perturbation approaches with NMR and optical spectroscopy, kinetic and thermodynamic techniques, functional genomics and transcriptomics, and molecular dynamics simulations to gain new insights into the conformational dynamics of proteins and nucleic acids and to better understand the mechanisms of high-pressure adaptation in piezophiles. The articles collected in this issue demonstrate the unique exploratory potential of the pressure perturbation approach for biochemistry, biophysics, mechanistic enzymology, and evolutionary biology.
    Keywords: protein folding ; NMR ; high hydrostatic pressure ; thermodynamic stability ; protein–ligand binding ; high pressure ; Martian salts ; perchlorate ; BSA ; ANS ; viroid ; hydrostatic pressure ; temperature ; structure–activity relationship ; RNA World ; n/a ; G-quadruplex ; i-motif ; volumetric properties ; pressure-temperature phase diagram ; thermodynamics ; hepatitis B ; DNA ; oligo ; FRET ; FTIR ; spectroscopy ; pressure ; volume change ; TMPyP4 ; deep-sea adaptations ; compressibility ; cavities ; potential energy landscape ; yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; high-pressure response ; genetic manipulation ; transcriptomics ; piezophysiology ; Anfinsen’s dogma ; native state N ; unfolded state U ; fibril state F ; protofibrils ; hen lysozyme ; circular dichroism ; 1H NMR spectroscopy ; atomic force microscopy ; cytochrome P450 reductase ; conformational change ; pressure-perturbation spectroscopy ; protein hydration ; reduction kinetics ; stop-flow spectroscopy ; Sorghum bicolor ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 80
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which uses numerical analysis to predict and model complex flow behaviors and transport processes, has become a mainstream tool in engineering process research and development. Complex chemical processes often involve coupling between dynamics at vastly different length and time scales, as well as coupling of different physical models. The multiscale and multiphysics nature of those problems calls for delicate modeling approaches. This book showcases recent contributions in this field, from the development of modeling methodology to its application in supporting the design, development, and optimization of engineering processes.
    Keywords: pumped hydroelectric storage ; inlet/outlet ; surrogate model selection ; multi-objective optimization process ; thermal environment ; numerical simulations ; ventilation cooling ; duct position ; the heat dissipation of LHD ; auxiliary ventilation ; triboelectric separation ; particle size distribution ; particle charge ; binary mixture ; in situ particle size measurement ; charge estimation ; computational fluid dynamics ; membrane module ; gas separation ; concentration polarization ; coal mining ; radon concentration ; ventilation ; occupational exposure assessment ; gasification ; fluidized bed ; CFD ; hydrodynamics ; multiphase flow ; surface tension modelling ; VOF ; rising bubbles ; capillary rise ; high pressure bubble column ; the critical bubble diameter ; the gas holdup ; the large bubbles ; the small bubbles ; Stirred fermenter ; dual-impeller ; Segment impeller ; Optimization ; rotating packed bed ; natural gas desulfurization ; droplet characteristic ; Eulerian–Lagrangian approach ; heat transport ; optimized design ; dynamic numerical simulation ; evaporative cooling system ; water recycling ; temperature ; humidity ; n/a ; gas–solid ; cyclone separator ; elevated temperature process ; pneumatic conveying ; large coal particles ; Euler–Lagrange approach ; DPM ; pressure drop ; swirling burner ; combustion characteristics ; industrial pulverized coal furnace ; scale-up ; scale-down ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; mechanistic kinetic model ; bioreactor ; concentration gradients ; digital twin ; bioprocess engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 81
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: The practice of regular physical activity has been proposed as a determinant in many disciplines, from wellness to physiotherapy; in fact, it reduces the risks of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Moreover, physical exercise decreases the incidence of some types of cancer, such as breast and colon cancer. Finally, rehabilitation protocols need correct exercise training to reach the complete “return to play” of patients. Unfortunately, the mechanisms associated with the beneficial effects of physical activity are still under study. Therefore, advances in all aspects of sport and exercise medicine will be relevant for physicians, recreational sport practitioners and elite athletes. This was the aim of this Special Issue, “New trends in sport and exercise medicine”, which achieved great success. Sixteen papers have been published, which are briefly described below. They range from mobile applications in physiotherapy to changes in bioactive lipids in half-marathoners. However, sport and exercise medicine are broad subjects and require more papers to clarify their different aspects. Therefore, we proposed a new Special Issue to continue on this path and gain new insights into sport and exercise medicine.
    Keywords: rehabilitation ; compliance ; anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) ; range of motion (ROM) ; self-efficacy ; behavioral design ; gamification ; microparticles ; microvesicles ; extracellular vesicles ; molecular markers ; cell–cell communication ; physical exercise ; physical activity ; angiogenesis ; secretome ; paracrine signaling ; cellular crosstalk ; ginseng ; performance ; recovery ; eccentric exercise ; inflammation ; allometry ; standing broad jump ; children ; growth ; maturity offset ; bench pull ; vertical jump ; power ; talent detection ; training ; insertional Achilles tendinopathy ; Achilles tendon moment arm ; suture bridge method ; cool-down strategy ; heart rate ; fatigue perception ; muscle strain ; quadriceps ; football ; invasive physiotherapy ; post-injury performance ; reinjury ; return to play ; autonomic nervous system ; cardiac autonomic regulation ; cardiorespiratory fitness ; daily training ; endurance ; secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (Sparc) ; exercise ; muscle performance ; metabolic phenotype ; lactate ; ageing ; high-impact weight-bearing exercise ; bone mineral density ; bone metabolic markers ; serum 25-(OH) D ; middle-aged premenopausal women ; ROS ; signal transduction ; aging ; air pollution ; lungs ; skeletal muscle mass ; muscular strength ; anaerobic power ; arterial stiffness ; cholinesterases ; heart rate variability ; autonomic recovery mechanisms ; sympathetic–parasympathetic modulation ; postexercise recovery ; ceramides ; cytokines ; diacylglycerol ; biomarkers ; n/a
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  • 82
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) cause a drug to affect other drugs, leading to reduced drug efficacy or increased toxicity of the affected drug. Some well-known interactions are known to be the cause of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that are life threatening to the patient. Traditionally, DDI have been evaluated around the selective action of drugs on specific CYP enzymes. The interaction of drugs with CYP remains very important in drug interactions but, recently, other important mechanisms have also been studied as contributing to drug interaction including transport- or UDP-glucuronyltransferase as a Phase II reaction-mediated DDI. In addition, novel mechanisms of regulating DDIs can also be suggested. In the case of the substance targeted for interaction, not only the DDIs but also the herb–drug or food–drug interactions have been reported to be clinically relevant in terms of adverse side effects. Reporting examples of drug interactions on a marketed drug or studies on new mechanisms will be very helpful for preventing the side effects of the patient taking these drugs. This Special Issue aims to highlight current progress in understanding both the clinical and nonclinical interactions of commercial drugs and the elucidation of the mechanisms of drug interactions.
    Keywords: tadalafil ; ticagrelor ; drug-drug interaction ; pharmacokinetics ; plasma concentration ; CYP3A4 ; Loxoprofen ; CYP3A ; Dexamethasone ; Ketoconazole ; CYP2D6 ; O-desmethyltramadol ; physiologically-based pharmacokinetics ; tramadol ; (‒)-sophoranone ; CYP2C9 ; potent inhibition ; in vitro ; in vivo ; drug interaction ; low permeability ; high plasma protein binding ; biflavonoid ; cytochrome P450 ; drug interactions ; selamariscina A ; uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase ; tissue-specific ; systemic exposure ; P-glycoprotein (P-gp) ; organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) ; Rumex acetosa ; fexofenadine ; chronic kidney disease ; drug–drug interactions ; polypharmacy ; adverse drug reactions ; Lexicomp ; subset analysis ; signal detection algorithms ; spontaneous reporting systems ; mechanism-based inhibition ; competitive inhibition ; non-competitive inhibition ; substrate ; inhibitor ; cytochromes P450 ; OATP1B1 ; OATP1B3 ; tyrosine kinase inhibitors ; drug-drug interactions ; migraine ; lasmiditan ; gepants ; monoclonal antibodies ; CYP1A1 ; CYP1A2 ; drug–drug interaction ; expression ; metabolism ; regulation ; drug transporter ; ubiquitination ; ixazomib ; DDI ; computational prediction ; in silico ; QSAR ; drug metabolism ; ADME ; CYP ; metabolic DDI ; P450 ; 1A2 ; 2B6 ; 2C19 ; 2C8 ; 2C9 ; 2D6 ; 3A4 ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 83
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: The papers included in this issue vary from research on pregnancy outcomes to screening and diagnosis of GDM, the use of new biomarkers, and the evaluation of long-term metabolic risk and intervention strategies postpartum in mothers and offspring.
    Keywords: gestational diabetes mellitus ; treatment ; education ; group education ; long-term metabolic outcome ; offspring ; overweight ; obesity ; adiposity ; glucose intolerance ; abnormal glucose tolerance ; insulin resistance ; glucose tolerance ; Mediterranean diet ; nutritional intervention ; pregnancy nutrition ; biomarker ; insulin secretion ; pregnancy ; secretagogin ; gestational diabetes ; fetal ultrasound ; fetal anthropometry ; pregnancy outcomes ; neonatal complications ; type 2 diabetes mellitus ; postpartum ; lifestyle intervention ; mobile-based ; bariatric surgery ; pregnancy outcome ; glucose homeostasis ; gastric bypass ; sleeve gastrectomy ; small-for-gestational age ; self-monitoring of blood glucose ; continuous glucose monitoring ; Institute of Medicine ; weight gain ; length of follow-up ; oral glucose tolerance test ; reproducibility ; diabetes ; hyperglycemia in pregnancy ; early gestational diabetes ; fetal malformations ; Australian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society (ADIPS) ; Australian Diabetes Society (ADS) ; COVID-19 ; pandemic ; Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZOG) ; GDM ; recurrence ; insulin sensitivity ; (early) pregnancy ; growth ; glucose ; LGA ; maternal health ; child health ; OGTT ; meal tolerance test ; postprandial ; early screening ; protein biomarker ; epidemiology ; twins ; pre-existing diabetes ; prevalence ; trends ; perinatal outcomes ; n/a
    Language: English
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  • 84
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: This book collects contributions published in the Special Issue “From a Molecule to a Drug: Chemical Features Enhancing Pharmacological Potential” and dealing with successful stories of drug improvement or design using classic protocols, quantum mechanical mechanistic investigation, or hybrid approaches such as QM/MM or QM/ML (machine learning). In the last two decades, computer-aided modeling has strongly supported scientists’ intuition to design functional molecules. High-throughput screening protocols, mainly based on classical mechanics’ atomistic potentials, are largely employed in biology and medicinal chemistry studies with the aim of simulating drug-likeness and bioactivity in terms of efficient binding to the target receptors. The advantages of this approach are quick outcomes, the possibility of repurposing commercially available drugs, consolidated protocols, and the availability of large databases. On the other hand, these studies do not intrinsically provide reactivity information, which requires quantum mechanical methodologies that are only applicable to significantly smaller and simplified systems at present. These latter studies focus on the drug itself, considering the chemical properties related to its structural features and motifs. Overall, such simulations provide necessary insights for a better understanding of the chemistry principles that rule the diseases at the molecular level, as well as possible mechanisms for restoring the physiological equilibrium.
    Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 ; benzoic acid derivatives ; gallic acid ; molecular docking ; reactivity parameters ; selenoxide elimination ; one-pot ; imine-enamine ; reaction mechanism ; DFT calculations ; selenium ; anti-inflammatory drugs ; QSAR ; pain management ; cyclooxygenase ; multitarget drug ; cannabinoid ; neuropathic pain ; clopidogrel ; NMR study ; oxone ; peroxymonosulfate ; sodium halide ; thienopyridine ; drug discovery ; precision medicine ; pharmacodynamics ; pharmacokinetics ; coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; 3-chymotrypsin-like protease ; pyrimidonic pharmaceuticals ; molecular dynamics simulations ; binding free energy ; β-carrageenan ; antioxidant activity ; Box-Behken ; extraction ; Eucheuma gelatinae ; physic-chemistry ; rheology ; quercetin ; quercetin 3-O-glucuronide ; cisplatin ; nephrotoxicity ; cytoprotection ; lithium therapy ; neurocytology ; toxicology ; neuroprotection ; chemoinformatics ; big data ; methadone hydrochloride ; pharmaceutical solutions ; drug compounding ; high performance liquid chromatography ; stability study ; microbiology ; fucoidan ; alginate ; L-selectin ; E-selectin ; MCP-1 ; ICAM-1 ; THP-1 macrophage ; monocyte migration ; protein binding ; breast milk ; M/P ratio ; statistical modeling ; molecular descriptors ; chromatographic descriptors ; affinity chromatography ; anti-ACE ; anti-DPP-IV ; gastrointestinal digestion ; in silico ; molecular dynamics ; paramyosin ; seafood ; target fishing ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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  • 85
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: Food allergy, a specific immune response that occurs reproducibly upon exposure to a food allergen, is an increasing public health problem, causing a significant burden for affected patients, resulting in dietary restrictions, fear of accidental ingestions and related risk of severe reactions, and reduced quality of life. Clinical presentation ranges from mild to life-threatening symptoms. Component-resolved diagnosis with recombinant allergens has improved the diagnosis and, consequently, clinical management. Currently, there is no specific treatment for food allergy, so the only available management is limited to strict dietary avoidance, education on prompt recognition of symptoms, and emergency treatment of adverse reaction. In parallel, novel knowledge on the pathogenesis of food allergy is opening the way to new trials investigating several allergen-specific and allergen non-specific therapies, aiming to prevent the development of food allergy and acquire a persistent food tolerance.
    Keywords: children ; adolescents ; eosinophilic esophagitis ; eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders ; growth ; failure to thrive ; malnutrition ; undernutrition ; obesity ; vitamin ; non-IgE gastrointestinal food allergy ; fecal biomarkers ; IgG and IgG4 ; allergen-specific lymphocyte stimulation test ; oral food challenge ; atopy patch test ; clinical score ; endoscopy ; reflux ; GER ; GERD ; cow’s milk allergy ; CMA ; infants ; hydrolyzed formula ; alginate ; thickened formula ; cross-reaction ; flour ; food allergy ; individualized diagnostics ; legumes ; lupine ; lipid transfer protein ; peanut ; profilin ; hazelnut ; hypersensitivity ; component-resolved diagnostics ; Cor a 1 ; Cor a 14 ; Cor a 9 ; IgE ; allergy ; environmental factors ; primary prevention ; functional abdominal pain disorders ; functional dyspepsia ; irritable bowel syndrome ; allergen ; sensitization ; Gly m 4 ; Caco-2/Immune cells co-culture ; cytokine ; nsLTP ; plant-food allergy ; Pru p 3 ; peach ; nut ; Rosaceae fruit ; ISAC ; monoclonal antibodies ; biologics ; adults ; almond ; almond allergens ; nutrition ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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  • 86
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Environmental conditions and nutritional stress may greatly affect crop performance. Abiotic stresses such as temperature (cold, heat), water (drought, flooding), irradiance, salinity, nutrients, and heavy metals can strongly affect plant growth dynamics and the yield and quality of horticultural products. Such effects have become of greater importance during the course of global climate change. Different strategies and techniques can be used to detect, investigate, and mitigate the effects of environmental and nutritional stress. Horticultural crop management is moving towards digitized, precision management through wireless remote-control solutions, but data analysis, although a traditional approach, remains the basis of stress detection and crop management. This Special Issue summarizes the recent progress in agronomic management strategies to detect and reduce environmental and nutritional stress effects on the yield and quality of horticultural crops.
    Keywords: Capsicum annuum ; heat units ; plant population density ; hail damage ; baby corn ; non-leguminous cover crops ; chopping ; baby corn yield ; baby corn quality ; kharif season ; Thuja standishii × plicata ; container production ; nursery production ; volumetric water content ; vegetables ; water deficit ; climate change ; polyols ; minerals ; flavonoids ; carotenoids ; salinity ; evapotranspiration ; leaching fraction ; calcium ; cactus pear ; GA3 ; injection application ; spraying application ; lignification ; photosynthesis ; chlorophyll ; proline ; ion leakage ; susceptibility ; electrical conductivity ; greenhouse ; image processing ; nutrient stress ; remote sensing ; Bradyrhizobium ; temperature-dependent distribution ; nodule composition ; proliferation in soil ; infection ; French bean ; mangetout ; peas ; antioxidant ; ascorbic acid ; total phenolic content ; mineral composition ; Bradyrhizobium japonicum ; Bradyrhizobium elkanii ; temperature effects ; growth ; competitive infection ; biochemical constituents ; β-carotene ; vitamins ; micro-nutrients ; growing environments ; Brix ; TAcy ; nitrogen ; potassium ; compositional data ; cranberry yield parameters ; firmness ; local diagnosis ; redundancy analysis ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Since first receiving approval in 1986, antibody-based therapeutics have been the most successful modality for the treatment of various diseases. This Special Issue of IJMS, “Recent Advances in Antibody Therapeutics”, presents leading-edge articles and reviews for discovery, development, and clinical applications of therapeutic antibodies, covering antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), GPCR-targeting antibodies, a functional antibody screening, bioassay of bispecific antibodies, antibody applications for cardiovascular diseases, antibody delivery to CNS, etc. The excellent studies in this Special Issue would valuable insight for scientists and clinicians in the field of therapeutic antibodies
    Keywords: interleukin 33 ; ST2 receptor ; scFv ; C2_2E12 ; bladder cancer ; antibodies ; immune checkpoint inhibitors ; antibody-drug conjugates ; sacituzumab govitecan ; enfortumab vedotin ; erdafitinib ; cost-effectiveness ; G protein-coupled receptor ; membrane protein ; antigen ; therapeutic antibody ; anti-angiogenesis ; delta-like ligand ; irinotecan ; paclitaxel ; VEGF ; SARS-CoV-2 ; spike protein ; receptor-binding domain ; phage display ; monoclonal antibody ; cytomegalovirus ; peptide/major histocompatibility complex class I complex ; T-cell-receptor-like antibody ; affinity maturation ; yeast surface display ; combinatorial antibody library ; agonist antibody ; cell fate ; bispecific antibodies ; bioassays ; mechanisms of action ; binding assays ; potency assays ; atherosclerosis ; inflammation ; antibody therapy ; blood–brain barrier ; antibody ; pharmacokinetics ; disposition ; biochemical and physicochemical properties ; Fc binding ; receptor-mediated transcytosis ; brain shuttle ; molecular Trojan horse ; transferrin ; anti-cancer antibody ; antibody engineering ; biophysical properties ; computational methods ; research cell bank ; antibody therapeutics ; recombinant antibodies ; intracellular antibodies ; single-chain antibody fragment ; nanobody ; Human papillomaviruses ; HPV oncoproteins ; HPV-associated cancer ; HPV cancer therapy ; asthma ; refractory asthma ; biomarker ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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  • 88
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: Functional nutrition is deeply connected with healthy lifestyle and sustainable food production, due to its positive health benefits and the use of economically underexplored and natural raw materials. Expectedly, it appeals to large number of interested consumers while becoming lucrative segment of the food industry with a fast-growing market fueled by new sociodemographic trends. Accordingly, functional juices and beverages made of indigenous fruits are interesting niche for various food market stakeholders. Here, biologically active compounds (BACs) and probiotics that have positive health effects in functional foods (juices) are mostly thermolabile. This is especially important for industry that still employs classical heat treatments (e.g., pasteurization), while being concerned with degradation of food quality in the final products. To prevent this, focus is on designing economic and ecological technologies that are able to preserve nutritional and sensory quality while maintaining microbiological stability in products. Such approaches are based on low-energy consumption and low-impact processing, e.g. “hurdle technology” that combines advanced and conventional methods (e.g., high-power ultrasound, pulse electric field). Food design is another important focus point for consumers’ sensory appeal and economic success of foods. Hence, technologies as 3D food printing can be particularly useful for manufacturing. Based on the above, presented topics are relevant to sustainable functional food production, functional fruit juices, BACs, “hurdle technology,” advanced food processing, 3D food printing, and authentic fruits.
    Keywords: dehydration ; conserving vegetables ; improving shelf-life ; rehydrated pepper ; histological preparation ; green practices ; meat analogue ; liquid additives ; soy protein isolate ; lecithin ; emulsion ; functional fruit juice ; hurdle technology ; non-thermal processing ; preservation ; quality ; probiotic ; fruit by-products ; lulo bagasse powder ; fiber ; antioxidant properties ; carotenoids ; cocoa shell ; high voltage electrical discharge ; tannin ; dietary fiber ; water binding capacity ; grindability ; traditional ; slow ; pressure and microwave cooking ; polyphenols ; antioxidant activity ; faba bean ; lentil ; pea ; probiotic safety ; toxicity ; pathogenicity ; functional food industry ; pharmacological interactions ; functional fruit juices ; mushroom ; vitamin D ; reducing capacity ; glycation ; Lactuca sativa ; metabolomics ; antioxidants ; eustress ; total soluble solids ; particle size distribution ; total anthocyanin content ; antioxidant capacity ; non-dairy beverages ; pulses ; chickpea ; lupin ; flow behavior ; animal and plant proteins ; computer vision system ; nutritional value ; texture ; water activity ; viscosity ; microstructure ; heavy metals ; amino acids ; pesticide ; fruit wastes ; vegetable wastes ; drying ; extraction ; intensification technologies ; phenolic acids ; food processing ; minimally processed foods ; UHLPC-MS/MS ; sous-vide cooking ; vegetables ; seafood ; cephalopods ; safety ; nutritive quality ; beetroot ; convective drying ; infrared drying ; purée ; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy ; confocal scanning microscopy ; fruit juice ; interaction ; drug ; phytochemical ; pharmacokinetics ; ginger ; pineapple ; turmeric ; juice mix ; physicochemical properties ; microbiological quality ; sensory attributes ; Diospyros kaki ; post-harvest losses ; dehydrated persimmon ; thin-layer modeling ; drying rate ; old apple cultivar ; biologically active compounds ; functional food ; agriculture ; extensive farming ; bisphosphonates ; SERMs ; food ; supplements ; bioavailability ; meal ; coffee ; juice ; mineral water ; edible mushroom ; nutrition ; phenolic compounds ; vacuum ; poria cubes ; optimization ; stage drying ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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  • 89
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: In this Topical Collection, ten articles (one review and nine research articles) are published in a time span of 2021–2022. All articles are written by experts in the field of Separation Techniques who were invited to contribute to the presentation of the current status in separation science. The authors were invited to answer the questions: What is the state-of-the-art in Separation Sciences? What advances have been reported recently? Last but not least, what are the future perspectives? The Editor and authors hope that the readers will find valuable information in the topic.
    Keywords: protein-based chiral stationary phase ; alpha 1-acid glycoprotein ; chiral recognition mechanism ; molecular docking ; proteomics ; high-performance liquid chromatography ; mass spectrometry ; gout ; uric acid ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; HPLC-MS/MS ; pharmacokinetics ; wine-processed ; hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography ; chromatography ; oligopeptides ; acetyl hexapeptide-8 ; acetyl hexapeptide-3 ; Argireline ; cosmetics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; virus particles ; air filtering ; aerosols ; probability distributions ; rotational particle separator ; air separation ; steam methane reforming ; water gas shift ; alternative fluids ; gas turbine ; Senecio anteuphorbium ; response factors ; true quantitation ; allelopathy ; herbicide ; chlorpropham ; potato ; μQuEChERS/UHPLC-PDA ; validation ; cooking ; methyl nicotinate ; methyl salicylate ; ethyl salicylate ; 2-hydroxyethyl salicylate ; pain relief spray ; Tulasnellaceae sp. ; Gymnadenia orchidis ; mdium-pressure liquid chromatography ; reversed-phase liquid chromatography ; ergosterol ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 90
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book is a collection of 12 peer-reviewed articles on freshwater invasive fish and is the first on this topic. It focuses on real-world lessons learned from managing common carp, bigheaded carp, sea lamprey, northern pike, and lake trout in different parts of the world. Articles also discuss damage caused by invasive fish, environmental DNA as means to measure spawning carp, and CO2 as a fish deterrent. Detailed critical evaluations of the possibility of using koi herpes virus to control common carp, market-driven fishing (invasivorism), as well as changes in lock and dam operating protocols to control bigheaded carps are also presented. Several important commonalities are noted between successful management efforts, including the simultaneous use of multiple integrated strategies, a focus on suppressing reproduction, and a deep local knowledge in an introductory article that provides context for the discipline.
    Keywords: suppression ; eradication ; rotenone ; fishery restoration ; northern pike ; salmon ; biocontrol ; Australia ; common carp ; Cyprinus carpio ; cyprinid herpesvirus 3 ; safety ; efficacy ; modelling ; risks ; adaptive management ; cutthroat trout ; ecosystem restoration ; nonnative fish suppression ; national park ; lake trout ; native species recovery ; Oncorhynchus ; predatory fish invasion ; Salvelinus ; trophic cascade ; wilderness preserve ; invasive species ; bigheaded carp ; biodiversity ; behavior ; physiology ; toxicity ; avoidance ; aquatic invasive species ; reservoir ecosystems ; ichthyoplankton ; Asian carp ; invasivorism ; commercial fishing ; Hypophthalmichthys ; Illinois River ; interference competition ; exploitative competition ; ruffe ; yellow perch ; growth ; diet ; integrated pest control ; source-sink ; sustainable ; micro-predators ; water quality ; population suppression ; lampricide ; sea lamprey ; Lake Champlain ; invasive ; incursion ; alien fish ; fyke net ; pest fish ; Lake Sorell ; Lake Crescent ; biotelemetry ; integrated pest management ; model ; hydraulic ; acoustic deterrent ; invasive fish ; conservation ; eDNA ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 91
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: There have been recent significant improvements in the short-term survival of solid organ transplantation patients due to advances in immunosuppression and transplant techniques. However, long-term graft survival has still lagged behind other outcomes and has now become one of the main problems in solid organ transplantation.For this Special Issue, we invited researchers and clinicians to submit studies on solid organ transplantation. These have provided us with additional knowledge and skills that will ultimately help us to improve outcomes after solid organ transplantation.
    Keywords: living donation ; nephrectomy ; hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy ; body composition ; complications ; simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation ; immunosuppression ; graft order ; sequence ; outcome ; survival ; kidney transplantation ; hydrogen ; diarrhea ; small intestinal bacterial overgrowth ; sickle cell disease ; sickle cell ; transplantation ; outcomes ; big data ; tacrolimus ; metabolism ; C/D ratio ; cholesterol ; dyslipidemia ; LDL-C ; liver transplantation ; hematuria ; chronic kidney disease ; tocilizumab ; clazakizumab ; desensitization ; anti-HLA alloantibody ; post traumatic growth ; psychiatric morbidity ; network analysis ; ESAS ; MINI ; CPC ; DCPR ; distress ; demoralization ; alexithymia ; anxiety ; antibody-mediated rejection ; recurrent primary disease ; renal transplantation ; pancreas transplantation ; cold ischemia time ; delayed graft function ; Eurotransplant Senior Program ; end-stage renal disease ; intensive care unit ; bioimpedance analysis ; drug dosing ; lean body mass index ; pharmacokinetics ; tacrolimus C/D ratio ; mineral bone disorder ; parathyroidectomy ; parathyroid hormone ; osteoporosis ; bone fractures ; Contrast-enhanced ultrasound ; kidney perfusion ; kidney function ; kidney donation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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  • 92
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The Special issue "Biological and Pharmacological Activity of Plant Natural Compounds II" is continuing the intriguing research on the use of natural plant products. The second edition follows the aim of the first one.
    Keywords: Bergenia species ; botanical description ; traditional uses ; phytochemistry ; pharmacology ; anti-urolithiatic activity ; bergenin ; Flaxseed oil ; linusorb B3 ; anti-cancer ; apoptosis ; actin polymerization ; Src ; glioblastoma ; chlorogenic acid ; coffee ; cyclooxygenase ; espresso ; instant coffee ; platelet aggregation ; Rubia tinctorum L. ; antioxidants ; polyphenols ; ethylene glycol ; urolithiasis ; histophatology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; β-glucan ; antimicrobial and anticancer activities ; detoxification ability ; immunomodulatory effect ; Aquilaria sinensis ; pheophorbide A ; MMP-2 ; MMP-9 ; HT-1080 ; advanced glycation end product (AGE) ; oxidative stress ; epithelial to mesenchymal transition ; AGE-inhibitor ; swertiamarin ; diabetic nephropathy ; astragaloside IV ; Astragalus membranaceus ; huang qi ; Astragali Radix ; liver ; liver regeneration ; 70% partial hepatectomy ; proliferation ; rat ; memory ; object recognition ; Ginkgo biloba ; dorsal hippocampus formation ; brain-derived neurotrophic factor ; Diclofenac ; γ-lactone ; nano-emulsion ; methylcellulose ; Ostrich oil ; Struthio camelus ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; leaf extract ; neuroprotection ; antioxidant activity ; DAF-16 ; Clerodendrum infortunatum ; terpenoids ; phenylpropanoids ; antidiabetic ; breast cancer ; Combretum indicum L. ; antidiabetic activity ; histopathology ; UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS ; network pharmacology ; Biebersteinia heterostemon ; galegine ; hypotensive ; toxicity ; Sage ; Salvia officinalis ; cytotoxicity ; hepatoprotection ; MDA ; TAOxC ; MCF-7 ; HeLA cells ; HepG-2 cells ; Peganum harmala ; anti-inflammatory activity ; antioxidant ; LC-ESI-MS/MS ; traditional medicine ; rheumatoid arthritis ; rosmanol ; carnosol ; Callicarpa longissima ; TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK ; synergistic effect ; diabetes mellitus ; anti-diabetic drugs ; monoterpenes ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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  • 93
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: Mitochondria are the powerhouses of cells; however, mitochondrial dysfunction causes energy depletion and cell death in a variety of diseases. Altered oxidative phosphorylation and ion homeostasis are associated with ROS production resulting from the disassembly of respiratory supercomplexes and the disruption of electron transfer chains. In pathological conditions, the dysregulation of mitochondrial homeostasis promotes Ca2+ overload in the matrix and ROS accumulation, which induces the mitochondrial permeability transition pore formation responsible for mitochondrial morphological changes linked to membrane dynamics, and ultimately, cell death. Finally, studies on the impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics in pathology could provide molecular tools to counteract diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
    Keywords: aging heart ; Bcl-2 family ; mitochondria ; programmed cell death ; fatty acid oxidation ; palmitate ; oleate ; m.3243A&gt ; G mutation ; MT-ATP6 ; m.8909T&gt ; C ; ATP synthase ; nephropathy ; oxidative phosphorylation ; mitochondrial disease ; cardiolipin ; Barth syndrome ; Sengers syndrome ; respiratory chain ; Dilated Cardiomyopathy with Ataxia ; cardiomyopathy ; mammalian complex I ; NADH dehydrogenase ; complex I assembly ; complex I structure ; complex I deficiency ; supernumerary subunits ; electron transport chain ; mitochondrial dysfunction ; Leigh syndrome ; mitochondrial diseases ; yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; pet mutants ; pancreatic endocrine cells ; mathematical model ; cellular bioenergetics ; diabetes ; glucagon ; insulin ; exercise ; immune system ; metabolic disease ; COVID-19 ; mitochondrial dynamics ; viral infections ; MAVS ; RIG-I ; MDA5 ; innate immune response ; SARS CoV-2 ; RSV ; influenza ; respiratory supercomplexes ; ROS ; ATP synthase/hydrolase ; mitochondrial permeability transition pore ; cristae ; cellular signaling ; human disease ; mitochondrial dynamic ; cell signaling ; cancer ; respiratory complexes ; oxidative stress ; mitochondrial DNA ; MTCYB mutations ; cytochrome b ; complex III ; aging ; energy metabolism ; entorhinal cortex ; lipoxidation-derived damage ; neurodegeneration ; oxidative damage ; protein import ; respiratory complex assembly ; supercomplexes ; mitochondrial proteostasis ; heart failure ; bioenergetics ; assembly factor ; atypical myopathy ; high-resolution respirometry ; toxicity assays ; cell culture ; equine primary myoblasts ; fibroblasts ; frozen tissue ; leukocytes ; oxygen consumption ; platelets ; respirometry ; skeletal muscle ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 94
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Block copolymers with crystallizable blocks have moved into the focus of current research, owing to their unique self-assembly behaviour and properties. New synthetic concepts give, for example, even access to tetrablock copolymers with four crystalline blocks, bio-based thermoplastic elastomers (e.g., based on ABA triblock copolymers with poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) hard segments), and allow new, exciting insights into the interplay of microphase separation and crystallization in controlling self-assembly in bulk (confined vs. break-out crystalliza­tion).Concerning self-assembly in solution, crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) paved the way to a myriad of crystalline-core micellar structures and hierarchical super­structures that were not accessible before via self-assembly of fully amorphous block copolymers. This allows for the production of cylindrical micelles with defined lengths, length distribution, and corona chemistries (block type or patchy corona), as well as branched micelles and fascinating micellar superstructures (e.g., 2D lenticular platelets, scarf-shaped micelles, multidimensional micellar assemblies, and cross and “windmill”-like supermicelles).This Special Issue brings together new developments in the synthesis and self-assembly of block copolymers with crystallizable blocks and also addresses emerging applications for these exciting materials. It includes two reviews on CDSA and eight contributions spanning from membranes for gas separation to self-assembly in bulk and solution.
    Keywords: crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) ; crystalline-core micelles ; patchy micelles ; block copolymers ; crystal morphologies ; polymer crystallization ; nucleation mechanism ; scaling relations ; crystallization-driven self-assembly ; calcium alginate hydrogel ; cylindrical micelles ; poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polymethylene ; blends ; diblock copolymers ; ferroelectric phase ; semicrystalline block copolymers ; phase separation and crystallization ; epitaxial crystallization ; nanostructures ; kinetics ; fragmentation ; growth ; polypeptoids ; crystallization ; solution self-assembly ; triblock terpolymers ; polyethylene (PE) ; poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) ; poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) ; tricrystalline spherulites ; copolymer ; membrane ; hydrocarbon ; cohesive energy density ; gas separation ; semicrystalline polymer ; 3D confinement ; ABC triblock terpolymers ; degradation ; emulsification ; microparticles ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 95
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Development of strategies to assist the movement of poorly permeable molecules across biological barriers has long been the goal of drug delivery science. In the last three decades, there has been an exponential increase in advanced drug delivery systems that aim to address this issue. However, most proprietary delivery technologies that have progressed to clinical development are based on permeation enhancers (PEs) that have a history of safe use in man. This Special Issue entitled “Transmucosal Absorption Enhancers in the Drug Delivery Field” aims to present the current state-of-the-art in the application of PEs to improve drug absorption. Emphasis is placed on identification of novel permeation enhancers, mechanisms of barrier alteration, physicochemical properties of PEs that contribute to optimal enhancement action, new delivery models to assess PEs, studies assessing safety of PEs, approaches to assist translation of PEs into effective oral, nasal, ocular and vaginal dosage forms and combining PEs with other delivery strategies.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RM1-950 ; chitosan ; intestinal epithelial cells ; ocular delivery ; amphiphilic polymers ; cornea ; tight junction modulator ; cyclodextrin ; permeability ; gemini surfactant ; transferrin ; compound 48/80 ; epithelial permeability ; cervicovaginal tumors ; nanoparticles ; confocal laser scanning microscopy ; safety ; formulation ; salcaprozate sodium ; intestinal absorption ; FITC-dextran ; curcumin ; block copolymers ; nasal vaccination ; whole leaf ; brush border ; ocular drug delivery ; vaccine adjuvant ; nanoparticle ; nasal delivery ; efflux ; permeation enhancers ; absorption enhancers ; nose to brain delivery ; small intestine ; epithelium ; CNS disorders ; absorption modifying excipients ; insulin ; absorption enhancer ; gel ; intestinal delivery ; thermogel system ; Caco-2 ; biocompatibility studies ; absorption enhancement ; man ; PN159 ; poorly absorbed drug ; tryptophan ; tight junction ; oral macromolecule delivery ; penetration enhancer ; intestinal permeation enhancers ; nanocrystals ; simvastatin ; nanomedicine ; enterocyte ; N-dodecyl-?-D-maltoside (DDM) ; cell-penetrating peptide ; quaternization ; KLAL ; nasal ; nasal permeability ; transmucosal drug delivery ; Caco-2 cells ; mast cell activator ; penetration enhancers ; drug delivery ; nose-to-brain ; bioenhancer ; polymeric micelles ; mucoadhesion ; cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) ; simulated intestinal fluid ; vaginal delivery ; nasal formulation ; pharmacokinetic interaction ; sodium caprate ; clinical trial ; transmucosal permeation ; drug absorption enhancer ; sugar-based surfactants ; nanocapsules ; imatinib ; teriparatide ; osteoporosis ; hydrophobization ; F-actin ; combined microsphere ; transepithelial electrical resistance ; oral delivery ; ocular conditions ; metabolism ; antimicrobial peptide ; permeation enhancer ; drug administration ; antiepileptic drug ; amino acid ; in vivo studies ; sodium cholate (NaC) ; epithelial transport ; preclinical ; nose to brain transport ; pharmacokinetics ; chitosan derivatives ; ophthalmology ; tight junctions ; sheep ; cationic functionalization ; GLP-1 ; pulmonary ; and liposome ; cytochrome P450 ; claudin ; P-glycoprotein ; in situ hydrogel ; mucoadhesiveness ; PTH 1-34 ; Aloe vera ; oral peptides ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 96
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Welfare is a multidimensional concept that can be described as the state of an animal as it copes with the environment. Captive environments can impact farmed animals at different levels, especially fishes, considering their highly complex sensory world. Understanding the ethology of a species is therefore essential to address fish welfare, and the interpretation of behavioral responses in specific rearing contexts (aquaculture or experimental contexts) demands knowledge of their underlying physiological, developmental, functional, and evolutionary mechanisms. In natural environments, the stress response has evolved to help animals survive challenging conditions. However, animals are adapted to deal with natural stressors, while anthropogenic stimuli may represent stressors that fishes are unable to cope with. Under such circumstances, stress responses may be maladaptive and cause severe damage to the animal. As welfare in captivity is affected in multiple dimensions, multiple possible indicators can be used to assess the welfare state of individuals. In the past, research on welfare has been largely focusing on health indicators and predominantly based on physiological stress. Ethological indicators, however, also integrate the mental perspective of the individual and have been gradually assuming an important role in welfare research: behavioral responses to stressors are an early response to adverse conditions, easily observable, and demonstrative of emotional states. Many behavioral indicators can be used as non-invasive measurements of welfare in practical contexts such as aquaculture and experimentation. Presently, research in fish welfare is growing in importance and interest because of the growing economic importance of fish farming, the comparative biology opportunities that experimental fishes provide, and the increasing public sensitivity to welfare issues.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; SF1-1100 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; muscle texture ; fractal analysis ; fish welfare ; Danio rerio ; motivation ; histopathology ; elevated phosphate concentrations ; sharks ; welfare ; African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) ; feed efficiency ; fighting ability ; aggressive interaction ; social rank ; boldness ; ethology ; fisheries management ; physiological response ; FishEthoBase ; welfare scores ; welfare criteria ; stress ; pain ; stereotypical behaviour ; Scyliorhinus canicula ; animal behavior ; welfare enhancement ; social communication ; nociception ; negative and positive affect ; aggression ; fertilisation success ; risk analysis ; aquaculture ; hematology ; Amyloodinium ocellatum ; framework ; structural complexity ; territorial ; growth ; positive welfare ; social stress ; age ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 97
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: This Special Issue on “Blood-Derived Products for Tissue Repair and Regeneration” reveals the evolution and diversity of platelet rich plasma (PRP) technologies, which includes experimental research on novel formulations, the creation of combination therapies, and the exploration of potential modifiers of PRPs, as well as efficacy of PRP therapies in clinical veterinary and human applications. Scientist and clinicians are now starting to develop different treatments based on their reinterpretation of the traditional roles of platelets and plasma, and the current Issue has provided a forum for sharing research and ways of understanding the associated medicinal benefits from different points of view. The research interest in this area has covered different medical disciplines, such as ophthalmology, dentistry, orthopedics, and sports medicine.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RM1-950 ; n/a ; biomaterial ; redifferentiation ; regenerative medicine ; skeletal muscle regeneration ; furcation defects ; Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) ; PRP ; fracture ; fibrin sealant ; periodontal surgery ; bone regeneration ; serum derived from plasma rich in growth factors (s-PRGF) ; cartilage repair ; myofibroblasts ; autologous platelet concentrates ; burns ; satellite cells ; articular cartilage ; stem cell niche ; wound healing ; quantification ; growth factors ; biologics ; platelet rich plasma ; meniscus ; adipose tissue ; Carprofen ; platelet-rich fibrin ; platelets ; hyperacute serum ; bone defects ; serum eye drops ; corneal epithelial defect ; fibrosis ; dog ; myoblasts ; differentiation ; chronic meniscal lesion ; horizontal meniscal tear ; PRGF ; collagen hydrogels ; periodontal defects ; bone grafting material ; composition ; cell therapy ; bone healing ; tissue healing ; trephination ; plasma rich plasma (PRP) ; bone repair ; plasma rich in growth factors ; knee arthrosis ; meniscus tear ; cornea regeneration ; wrist osteoarthritis ; periosteal sheet ; Platelet-Poor Plasma (PPP) ; platelet-rich plasma ; microfat ; bone grafting ; hyaluronic acid (NaHA) ; periodontal regeneration ; meniscus repair ; photobiomodulation therapy ; growth ; myogenesis ; blood derived products ; low-level laser therapy ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 98
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Rapid establishment of seedlings in forest regeneration or afforestation sites after planting is a prerequisite for a successful reforestation. Seedling survival after outplanting can be improved by using high-quality seedling material. Seedling quality consists of several features, such as genetic source, morphological properties, nutritional status, stress resistance, and vitality of the seedlings. Field performance of the seedlings is a complex process which can be affected by many nursery and silvicultural practices. Nursery cultural practices strongly affect seedling quality, which is generally at its highest level during the growth period at the nursery. Afterwards, when the seedlings are transported from the nursery to the planting site (including seedling storage, handling, shipping, and planting practices), the quality of seedlings can only remain the same or decline. To ensure successful regeneration, it is important to produce seedlings that retain their high quality until planting, and to establish them quickly in the forest regeneration site.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; container parameters ; forest regeneration material ; physiological attributes ; somatic embryogenesis ; Quercus rubra ; antioxidant enzymes ; nursery production ; shortleaf pine ; historical perspective ; maturation ; Appalachia ; bulk density ; Quercus robur L. ; rabbit ; western larch ; Picea abies L. Karst. ; sessile oak ; climate change ; physiological quality ; nursery culture ; Fennoscandia ; pedunculate oak ; elk ; seeds ; survival ; small mammal ; loblolly pine ; Norway spruce ; white oak ; growing media ; germination ; morphological attributes ; embling production ; mechanization ; browse ; contractor ; field performance ; reforestation ; white-tailed deer ; forest biotechnology ; cultural practice ; hybridization ; nutrients ; silviculture ; black locust ; scarification index ; seedling quality ; tree planting machine ; seed size ; herbicide ; artificial regeneration ; restoration ecology ; porosity ; northern red oak ; cryopreservation ; leaf senescence ; tree seedling ; Douglas fir ; Quercus ; growth ; mine reclamation ; forestry ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 99
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Almost 25 years ago, the first mammalian transient receptor potential (TRP) channel was cloned and published. TRP channels now represent an extended family of 28 members fulfilling multiple roles in the living organism. Identified functions include control of body temperature, transmitter release, mineral homeostasis, chemical sensing, and survival mechanisms in a challenging environment. The TRP channel superfamily covers six families: TRPC with C for “canonical”, TRPA with A for “ankyrin”, TRPM with M for “melastatin”, TRPML with ML for “mucolipidin”, TRPP with P for “polycystin”, and TRPV with V for “vanilloid”. Over the last few years, new findings on TRP channels have confirmed their exceptional function as cellular sensors and effectors. This Special Book features a collection of 8 reviews and 7 original articles published in “Cells” summarizing the current state-of-the-art on TRP channel research, with a main focus on TRP channel activation, their physiological and pathophysiological function, and their roles as pharmacological targets for future therapeutic options.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; n/a ; transient receptor potential channels ; photochromic ligands ; elementary immunology ; Purkinje cell ; EPSC ; substance P ; chemicals ; organ toxicity ; lymphocytes ; HSP70 ; physiology ; bioavailable ; inflammatory bowel disease ; platelets ; pollutants ; yeast ; regulatory T cells ; kinase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; manganese ; cerebellum ; TRP channel ; NHERF ; inflammation ; nanoHPLC-ESI MS/MS ; TRPM7 ; chemical probes ; TRPM8 ; dorsal column nuclei ; TRPV2 ; TRPV3 ; calcitonin gene-related peptide ; TRPV1 ; ion channels ; transient receptor potential ; 2D gel electrophoresis ; MALDI-TOF MS(/MS) ; TRPV4 ; overproduction ; sulfur mustard ; oxidative stress ; graft versus host disease ; menthol ; topical ; chemosensor ; AP18 ; calcium signalling ; mucosal epithelium ; cuneate nucleus ; production platform ; TRPC channels ; ulcerative colitis ; channel structure ; xerostomia ; neutrophils ; cardiovascular system ; TRPC5 ; TRPC6 ; TRPC3 ; TRPC4 ; calcium signaling ; protein purification ; adipose tissue ; transient receptor potential (TRP) channels ; sodium ; TH17 ; diacylglycerol ; hypersensitivity ; TRPY1 ; GABAB ; HEK293 ; thrombosis ; ion channel ; TRPC ; pathophysiology ; SMAD ; toxicology ; endothelium ; calcium ; proteomics ; TRPA1 ; salivary glands ; TRP channels ; lipid mediators ; sensors ; radiation ; TRPM4 channel ; human medulla oblongata ; mGluR1 ; small molecules ; TRPC3 pharmacology ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 100
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The goal of this Special Issue, “Probiotics and Prebiotics in Pediatrics”, is to focus on the importance of pediatric nutrition with probiotics and prebiotics to improve gastrointestinal health in newborn, infants, and children.Specifically, the aim is to clarify if probiotics and prebiotics can influence gut microbiota composition and host-interaction favoring human health and preventing diseases.This new information will provide health care professionals with a widespread, clear and update evidence on probiotics and prebiotics and intestinal gut microbiota in pediatric care.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RJ1-570 ; non-IgE mediated allergy ; n/a ; randomized controlled trials ; infant ; “Probiotics”[Mesh] ; children ; safety ; therapeutic microbiology ; zinc ; prevention ; Lactobacillus ; cow’s milk protein ; constipation ; hepcidin ; infants ; Bifidobacterium ; Bifidobacterium breve ; allergy ; asthma ; functional abdominal pain disorders ; probiotic strain ; formula feeding ; probiotic ; nutritional programming ; 2?-fucosyllactose ; “Pregnancy”[Mesh] ; colic ; iron absorption ; bifidobacteria ; Newborn”[Mesh] ; breast feeding ; neonatal ; diversity ; acute diarrhea ; celiac disease ; human milk oligosaccharide ; acute gastroenteritis ; human milk oligosaccharides ; tolerance acquisition ; iron deficiency anemia ; infantile colic ; Lacto-N-neotetraose ; gluten free diet ; oligosaccharides ; preterm ; preterm infant ; microbial programming ; paediatrics ; Lactobacillus reuteri ; functional constipation ; protein hydrolyzed formulas ; oral rehydration solution ; gluten-free diet ; infant formula ; prebiotic ; Childhood Asthma Control Test ; microbiome ; intestinal transit time ; prebiotics ; sepsis ; probiotics ; microbiota ; “Infant ; lactobacilli ; human milk ; functional gastrointestinal disorders ; inulin ; fecal microbiota ; Bacillus clausii ; peak expiratory flow rate ; breast milk ; immunoglobulin E ; efficacy ; intestinal microbiota ; necrotizing enterocolitis ; pediatrics ; growth ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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