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  • 1
    Keywords: Assessment ; Malaria ; Public Health ; Scale ; Weather ; climate change ; public health policy ; temperature
    Description / Table of Contents: Awareness that many key aspects of public health are strongly influenced by climate is growing dramatically, driven by new research and experience and fears of climate change and the research needed to underpin policy developments in area is growing rapidly . This awareness has yet to translate into a practical use of climate knowledge by health policy-makers. Evidence based policy and practice is the mantra of the health sector. If climate scientists are to contribute effectively to health policy at local and global scales then careful empirical studies must be undertaken – focused on the needs of the public health policy and decision-makers. Results presented at the Wengen conference make clear that the science and art of integrating climate knowledge into the control of climate sensitive diseases on a year to year time frame as well as careful assessments of the potential impacts of climate change on health outcomes over longer time frames is advancing rapidly on many fronts. This includes advances in the empirical understanding of mechanisms, methodologies for modeling future impacts, new partnership developments between the health and climate community along with access to relevant data resources, and education and training. In a rapidly evolving field this book provides a snapshot of these emerging themes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 232 pages)
    ISBN: 9781402068775
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Global warming is imposing tremendous challenges upon human and otherwise biotic life on Earth. A warmer atmosphere holds more moisture. The consensus is that the moisture transport by the atmospheric circulation strengthens and makes already wet areas of moisture convergence wetter and already dry areas of moisture divergence drier. Therefore, the tropics and mid-to-high latitudes will get wetter and the subtropics will get drier. Without any change in the interannual variability of hydroclimate, the change in the mean hydroclimate would equally increase drought risk in some places and flood risk in others. Moreover, global warming will cause the interannual variability of the hydroclimate to intensify, which will induce more droughts and floods. Furthermore, the changing atmospheric circulation interaction with the land surface may cause storm track alterations and may play an important role in shaping moisture redistribution. The author's contributions have documented the precipitation trends in southeast of the US, the Nile River Basin Ethiopia, Iraq, the Huai River Basin of northern China, and the Qilian Mountains of western China. The precipitation predictability on both global and regional scales are also studied. The interaction among climate systems in southeast Asia is also explicitly documented.
    Keywords: El Niño ; winter weather types ; precipitable water ; surface water vapor pressure ; consistency ; interannual and long-term trend ; precipitation ; trend analysis ; Iraq ; climate projection ; CMIP5 ; groundwater levels ; rainfall ; temperature ; Mann–Kendall test ; Bayesian Ensemble Algorithm ; rainstorm process ; rainstorm intensity ; risk estimation and mapping ; CMIP6 ; risk prediction ; Southwest China ; rainstorm and flood ; spatial and temporal change ; atmospheric circulation ; rainfall change ; CHIRPS ; PERSIANN-CDR ; descriptive statistics ; non-parametric trends ; Google Earth Engine ; central Punjab ; climate change ; land cover/land use ; vegetation ; NDVI ; Huai River Basin ; trends and variability ; flood magnitude ; Qilian Mountains ; cyclones power dissipation index (PDI) ; monsoon trough ; El Niño southern oscillation (ENSO) ; Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) ; Walker circulation ; predictability ; global ; seasonal precipitation ; ENSO ; MJO ; climate trend ; land use land cover ; Nile River Basin ; water resources ; raindrop spectrum ; radar ; dynamic Z-I ; LSTM neural network ; precipitation estimation ; Loess Plateau ; spring maize ; relative soil moisture ; drought index ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBP Meteorology & climatology
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Due to the considerable impacts of hydrological hazards on water resources, natural environments, and human activities, as well as on human health and safety, climate variability and climate change have become key issues for the research community. In fact, a warmer climate, with its heightened climate variability, will increase the risk of hydrological extreme phenomena, such as droughts and floods. The Special Issue “Hydrological Hazard: Analysis and Prevention” presents a collection of scientific contributions that provides a sample of the state-of-the-art and forefront research in this field. In particular, innovative modelling methods for flood hazards, regional flood, and drought analysis and the use of satellite and climate data for drought analysis were the main research and practice targets that the papers published in this Special Issue aimed to address.
    Keywords: GE1-350 ; QC851-999 ; catchment ; precipitation ; hazards ; drought ; temperature ; forecast ; climate ; landslide ; modelling ; flood ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Processing and storage can cause changes and interactions in food components that have effects on nutritional value, organoleptic characteristics or even food safety. This book includes 19 research works showing important and interesting advances, as well as new approaches, in this research topic. Four articles are dedicated to studying the effect of canning conditions (filling media and some ingredients) on the diverse parameters of quality for fish and pet foods. Three articles are devoted to studying the effects of dehydration (pre-treatments and drying procedures). One article is dedicated to monitoring the elaboration of a fermented and dehydrated product (sausage) using a portable NIRS device. The ninth article of this book studies the effect of low-dose electron beam irradiation on cooking quality, moisture migration, and thermodynamics, as well as the digestion properties of the isolated starches in newly harvested and dried rice. The next contribution studies the use of different preservatives to avoid the formation of undesirable volatile organic compounds in stracciatella cheese. Another article examines the impact of source material, kibble size, temperature, and duration on the efficiency of the aqueous extraction of sugars and phenolics from carob kibbles by conventional heat-assisted (HAE) and ultrasound-assisted (UAE) methods. In two articles, marinating with different extracts, alone or combined with other seasoning/conditioning methods, was essayed to tenderize beef or to improve the sensory quality of chicken leg and breast meat. The effect of various cooking methods on the quality, structure, pasting, water distribution and protein oxidation of fish and meat-based snacks is studied in the fourteenth article. The last five articles are dedicated to the study of the effects of storage on several foods (olive oil, blueberry, beetroot and Atlantic mackerel).
    Keywords: Electron Beam Irradiation ; rice ; moisture ; physicochemical properties ; rabbiteye blueberry ; postharvest storage ; firmness ; aroma compounds ; off-odor ; dry-fermented sausages ; near infrared spectroscopy ; portable device ; PLS-DA ; Scomber colias ; prior chilling ; Fucus spiralis ; packaging medium ; canning ; lipid damage ; colour ; trimethylamine ; quality ; carob kibbles ; carob juice ; aqueous extraction ; sugars ; phenolics ; free amino acids ; biogenic amines ; filling medium ; European eels ; stracciatella cheese ; volatile organic compounds ; sensory characteristics ; natural preservatives ; cheese storage ; pineapple by-products ; hydrostatic pressure ; bromelain ; enzyme activity ; marinade ; meat ; texture ; water status and distribution ; microstructure ; secondary structure of protein ; Atlantic mackerel ; saffron quality ; secondary metabolites ; drying ; high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) ; spectrophotometry ; canned eels ; olive oil ; sunflower oil ; oxidation ; antioxidants ; total phenols ; vitamin E ; fresh wet noodles ; humidity-controlled dehydration ; microorganisms ; shelf-life ; noodle quality ; “Rocha” pear ; ultrasound ; microwave ; quality characteristics ; empirical models ; beetroot ; organic farming ; storage ; bioactive compounds ; betalain ; nitrate ; sugar ; phenolic compounds ; total dry matter ; chicken meat ; sensory evaluation ; superheated steam ; marination ; hot smoking ; storage effect ; extra virgin olive oil ; phenols ; sterols ; tocopherols ; temperature ; argon ; freeze-thaw cycles ; anthocyanins ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; aroma profiles ; hot-air drying ; blueberry ; cooking methods ; fish meat snacks ; LF-NMR ; SEM ; protein oxidation ; expressible moisture ; gel ; gum ; heat penetration ; thermally processed ; wet pet food ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue covers symmetry and asymmetry phenomena occurring in real-life problems. We invited authors to submit their theoretical or experimental research presenting engineering and economic problem solution models dealing with the symmetry or asymmetry of different types of information. The issue gained interest in the research community and received many submissions. After rigorous scientific evaluation by editors and reviewers, nine papers were accepted and published. The authors proposed different MADM and MODM solution models as integrated tools to find a balance between the components of sustainable global development, to find a symmetry axis concerning goals, risks, and constraints to cope with the complicated problems. Most approaches suggested decision models under uncertainty, combining the usual decision-making methods with interval-valued fuzzy or rough sets theory, also Z numbers. The application fields of the proposed models involved both problems of technological sciences and social sciences. The papers cover three essential areas: engineering, economy, and management. We hope that a summary of the Special Issue as provided here will encourage a detailed analysis of the papers included in the Printed Edition.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; rough sets ; interval type-2 fuzzy set (IT2FS) ; resources distribution ; the criteria of the weights ; public management ; Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) ; multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) ; symmetry of the method ; quadcopter ; transaction cost ; full fuzzy environment ; dual generalized geometric Bonferroni mean (DGGBM) operator ; data logger ; information theory ; control system ; salvage value ; nonlinear dynamics ; pattern formation ; oscillations ; stability ; Pythagorean fuzzy set ; FAHP ; fuzzy sets ; group decision-making ; generalized Bonferroni mean (GBM) operator ; probabilistic systems analysis ; economic decisions ; 2-tuple linguistic neutrosophic numbers set (2TLNNSs) ; evaluating the quality of distant courses ; subjective weights ; Z-numbers ; green supplier selection ; dual generalized Bonferroni mean (DGBM) operator ; normal cloud ; thrust ; sensor ; neutrosophic numbers ; MCDM ; Bayes’ theorem ; optimal dividend ; logistics ; measurement ; hybrid MCDM ; combining the weights ; data envelopment analysis ; criteria weights ; multiple attribute decision making (MADM) ; IDOCRIW ; excess-of-loss reinsurance ; fuzzy efficiency ; multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) ; MCGDM ; transport ; backward cloud transformation ; engineering problems ; rough ARAS ; capital injection ; performance ; Bonferroni mean (BM) operator ; green supply chain management ; population sizes ; hybrid problem solution models ; criteria weight assessment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Photoacoustic (or optoacoustic) imaging, including photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), is an emerging imaging modality with great clinical potential. PAI’s deep tissue penetration and fine spatial resolution also hold great promise for visualizing physiology and pathology at the molecular level. PAI combines optical contrast with ultrasonic resolution, and is capable of imaging at depths of up to 7 cm with a real-time scalable spatial resolution of 10 to 500 µm. PAI has demonstrated applications in brain imaging and cancer imaging, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer etc. This Special Issue focuses on the novel technological developments and pre-clinical and clinical biomedical applications of PAI. Topics include but are not limited to: brain imaging; cancer imaging; image reconstruction; quantitative imaging; light source and delivery for PAI; photoacoustic detectors; nanoparticles designed for PAI; photoacoustic molecular imaging; photoacoustic spectroscopy.
    Keywords: photoacoustic imaging ; tomography ; thermoacoustic ; radio frequency ; image quality assessment ; image formation theory ; image reconstruction techniques ; sparsity ; signal processing ; deconvolution ; empirical mode decomposition ; signal deconvolution ; photoacoustics ; tissue characterization ; absorption ; Photoacoustic Computed Tomography (PACT) ; ring array ; fast imaging ; low cost ; photoacoustic tomography ; full-field detection ; wave equation ; final time inversion ; uniqueness ; stability ; iterative reconstruction ; 3D photoacoustic tomography ; full-view illumination and ultrasound detection ; photoacoustic coplanar ; quartz bowl ; correlation matrix filter ; time reversal operator ; photo-acoustic tomography ; reflection artifacts ; deep learning ; convolutional neural network ; time reversal ; Landweber algorithm ; U-net ; optoacoustic imaging ; respiratory gating ; motion artifacts ; full-ring illumination ; diffused-beam illumination ; point source illumination ; ultrasound tomography (UST) ; photoacoustic tomography (PAT) ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book has focused on novel developments and advancements in the field of heterogeneous catalysis with the aim of greenhouse gas reduction. The book determines whether carbon dioxide is a crisis or an opportunity, as well as its conversion into useful products such as synthesis gas. Moreover, the selective catalytic removal of nitrogen oxides is also presented.
    Keywords: Al2O3 ; CO2 reforming ; La2O3 ; CH4 ; ZrO2 ; perovskites ; strontium ; cerium ; hydrogen ; sintering ; carbon deposition ; BiF3 nanostructure ; POP composite ; photocatalyst ; Rz ink ; CO2 ; stability ; H-ZSM-5 ; greenhouse gas reduction ; CeO2 ; MgO ; dry reforming ; heterogeneous catalysis ; in situ XRD ; carbon dioxide (CO2) ; carbon monoxide (CO) ; CO2 feedstock ; methanation ; catalyst ; catalysis ; photocatalysis ; Power-to-Gas ; catalyst design ; heterogenous catalysts database ; ceramic foams ; ZnO nanorods ; TiO2 nanorods ; NOx mitigation (deNOx) ; environmental nanocatalysis ; selective catalytic reduction SCR ; W and V catalytic sites ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue gathers research from different branches of science and engineering disciplines working on experiments and modelling of nanocomposites into one volume. The Guest Editor welcomes papers dedicated to experimental, computational, and theoretical aspects dealing with many important state-of-the-art technologies and methodologies regarding the synthesis, fabrication, characterization, properties, design, and applications, and both finite element analysis and molecular dynamic simulations, of nanocomposite materials and structures. Full papers covering novel topics, extending the frontiers of the science and technology of nanoreinforced composites are encouraged. Reviews covering topics of major interest will be also considered.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; ab initio ; critical yield strength ; carbon nanotube ; impact buckling ; elasticity ; molecular dynamics simulation ; magnetism ; coarse-grained model ; 3D fiber-metal laminates ; mechanical property ; interface ; nanocomposites ; interface force fields ; YN ; graphene/Fe composite ; cohesive element ; stability ; ScN ; delamination propagation ; interfaces ; graphene nanoplatelets ; nanoindentation ; pressure ; molecular dynamics ; piezoelectric property ; temperature effect ; Fe-Al ; hardness ; equivalent fiber ; disorder ; Fe3Al ; elastic modulus ; delamination buckling ; CNT agglomeration ; CNTs/epoxy nanocomposites ; boron nitride honeycomb ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book, consisting of 21 articles, including three review papers, written by research groups of experts in the field, considers recent research on reinforced polymer composites. Most of them relate to the fiber-reinforced polymer composites, which are a real hot topic in the field. Depending on the reinforcing fiber nature, such composites are divided into synthetic and natural fiber-reinforced ones. Synthetic fibers, such as carbon, glass, or basalt, provide more stiffness, while natural fibers, such as jute, flax, bamboo, kenaf, and others, are inexpensive and biodegradable, making them environmentally friendly. To acquire the benefits of design flexibility and recycling possibilities, natural reinforcers can be hybridized with small amounts of synthetic fibers to make them more desirable for technical applications. Elaborated composites have great potential as structural materials in automotive, marine and aerospace application, as fire resistant concrete, in bridge systems, as mechanical gear pair, as biomedical materials for dentistry and orthopedic application and tissue engineering, as well as functional materials such as proton-exchange membranes, biodegradable superabsorbent resins and polymer electrolytes.
    Keywords: glass fibers ; surface modification ; polyethersulfone ; impregnation ; composite materials ; mechanical properties ; damping properties ; stability ; 3D printing ; composites ; DLP ; lignocellulose ; nanoindentation ; fiber-reinforced polymer ; natural fibers ; synthetic fibers ; PET fiber ; PP ; compatibility ; modification ; co-injection molding ; fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) ; fiber orientation distribution (FOD) ; micro-computerized tomography (μ-CT) scan technology ; bearing ; salt fog aging ; glass-flax hybrid coposites ; pinned joints ; failure modes ; polymer-matrix composites ; carbon fibers ; polysulfone ; rubber ; short jute fibers ; surface treatments ; scanning electron microscopy ; PVA ; CMC ; Na2CO3 ; film ; hydrogel mechanical properties ; nanocomposites ; double-network hydrogels ; polymer–nanoparticle interactions ; bamboo-plastic composites (BPCs) ; waste bamboo fibers ; chemical composition ; physico-mechanical properties ; thermal decomposition kinetics ; PEEK composites ; reinforcements ; self-lubricating bush ; friction and wear ; pin joints ; flat slab ; two-way shear ; carbon fiber reinforced polymers ; glass fiber reinforced polymers ; natural rubber ; maleated natural rubber ; palm stearin ; halloysite nanotubes ; heat treatment ; surface modification of staple carbon fiber ; natural rubber latex ; reinforcement mechanism ; dopamine ; rubber composite ; bifunctionally composite ; sulfonic acid based proton exchange membrane ; silica nanofiber ; mechanical stability ; high temperature fuel cell ; polyetherimide ; polycarbonate ; polyphenylene sulfone ; kenaf fibre ; glass fibre ; hybrid composites ; low velocity impact ; damage progression ; bamboo ; n/a ; poly (lactic acid) (PLA) ; wastes rubber ; recycling ; tensile properties ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Energy is an important material basis that can promote the development of human society. Despite the increasing use of renewable energy, the overall energy supply is dominated by fossil fuels. For a long period of time, the main consumption proportion of fossil energy will not change. With the perspective of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, natural gas, shale oil, shale gas, and combustible ice, energy exploration, reservoir reconstruction, and intelligent applications in energy exploitation and energy occurrence geology are currently explored from the perspectives of exploration and exploitation technology. This reprint summarizes the intelligent unmanned mining and its development trends and conducts various research studies, including the stratigraphic correlation of sandy conglomerate in the Yellow River Delta Sag of the Bohai Bay basin, the growth and distribution of coal-measured hydrocarbon source rocks in a mixed platform, the physical and mechanical properties of sandstone, mudstone and granite in the geological environment of deep energy reservoirs, the formation mechanism of energy reservoirs and gas reservoirs, the two-phase flow experiment and numerical simulation in energy mining, the evolution law of cracks in the surrounding rock and the reinforcement principle of gradient support, and the comparison of particle pickup by axial flow and swirling flow in horizontal pneumatic conveying.
    Keywords: intelligent mine ; smart mining ; intelligent working face ; intelligent control ; adaptive ; robotic technology ; seismic rock physics ; sandstone and mudstone ; P-wave and S-wave velocity ; pressure ; temperature ; sandy conglomerate ; Huanghekou Sag ; stratigraphic correlation ; calcite U-Pb dating ; detrital zircon ; pressure-controlled pyrolysis ; oil–water separation ; centrifugal force ; two-phase vapor separation ; cyclone separation ; Tarim Basin ; mixed platform ; delta ; coal-measure distribution ; coal-measure logging response ; axial flow ; swirling flow ; pickup behavior ; coefficient of variation ; tight sandstone gas reservoir ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; fracture ; water blocking ; n/a ; rock mechanical properties ; MMTS ; geothermal development ; geothermal reservoir ; different depth of occurrence ; gas storage ; injection production simulation ; effective permeability ; seepage law ; two-dimensional simulation experiment ; fracture evolution law ; fractured seepage zone ; gradient failure support ; hierarchical control mechanism ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book is a collection of recent publications from researchers all over the globe in the broad area of high-voltage engineering. The presented research papers cover both experimental and simulation studies, with a focus on topics related to insulation monitoring using state-of-the-art sensors and advanced machine learning algorithms. Special attention was given in the Special Issue to partial discharge monitoring as one of the most important techniques in insulation condition assessment. Moreover, this Special Issue contains several articles which focus on different modeling techniques that help researchers to better evaluate the condition of insulation systems. Different power system assets are addressed in this book, including transformers, outdoor insulators, underground cables, and gas-insulated substations.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; artificial neural network ; simulation ; high-frequency ; artificial flashover tests ; wide bandgap power modules ; tracking ; electrical field strength ; fast-rise square wave voltages ; FDTD simulation ; cable joint ; corona discharge ; feature selection ; post insulator ; earthing systems ; wind speed ; surface discharge ; oil/paper insulation ; oil-paper insulation ; high-magnitude currents and impulse polarity ; UFVM ; Tettex 9520 ; electrical tree ; flashover characteristics ; composite insulator ; partial discharge ; numerical modeling ; saline mechanism ; thermal parameters ; space charge density ; seasonal ; ion flow field ; denoising ; DDX 9121b ; temperature ; transformer asset management ; cavity discharge ; space/interface charge ; insulation health index ; heat transfer model ; leakage current ; machine learning ; partial discharges (PD) ; RF signal ; flashover ; high impulse conditions ; grounding electrodes ; generalized finite difference time domain ; curve fitting ; grounding ; plasma discharge ; outdoor insulators ; flashover dynamic model ; wavelet transform ; degradation ; thermal properties ; bipolar charge transport model ; UHF sensor ; cable ; random walk theory ; tracking test setup ; GIL ; pressure ; modelling ; non-uniform pollution between windward and leeward sides ; calibrator ; secondary arc ; polymeric insulation ; optical-UHF integrated detection ; shoreline ; dry band arcing ; photoelectric fusion pattern ; DDX 8003 ; XLPE ; silicone gel ; partial discharge modeling ; electric field analysis ; NSCT ; electrode’s geometry ; gas ; Comsol Multiphysics ; fast-impulses ; laying modes ; ageing ; cable ampacity ; residual resistance formulation ; finite element analysis ; thermal effect ; hydrophobicity ; soil resistivity ; charge simulation method ; short-circuit discharge ; dry band formation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This book is a collection of papers written by leaders in the field of lateralized brain function and behaviour in non-human animals. The papers cover the asymmetry of brain mechanisms and behaviour in a wide range of both vertebrate and invertebrate species. Each paper focuses on one of the following topics: the link between population-level lateralization and social behaviour; the processes in the avian brain that permit one brain hemisphere to take control of behaviour; lateralized attention to predators and the common pattern of lateralization in vertebrate species; visual and auditory lateralization; influences that alter the development of lateralization—specifically, the effect of temperature on the development of lateralization in sharks; and the importance of understanding lateralization when considering both the training and welfare of dogs. Collectively, these studies address questions of why different species have asymmetry of brain and behaviour, how it develops, and how this is dealt with by these different species. The papers report on the lateralization of different types of behaviour, each going beyond merely reporting the presence of asymmetry and shedding light on its function and on the mechanisms involved in its expression.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; spider monkey ; zebra finch ; starlings ; frequency-dependent selection ; monocular viewing ; welfare ; climate change ; song ; development ; social behavior ; social interactions ; physiology ; predator inspection ; scale-eater ; vision ; reaction time ; cross-predation ; auditory perception ; dog ; eye preference ; brain asymmetry ; asymmetry of brain function ; paw preference ; songbirds ; shelter ; hemisphere differences ; hemispheric interactions ; population-level ; birds ; color discrimination ; laterality ; general pattern of lateralisation ; lateralised behaviour ; individual-level ; lateral dimorphism ; temperature ; social interaction ; behavior ; ESS ; social networks ; evolution ; Campbell’s monkeys ; hemispheric specialisation ; lateralization ; elasmobranchs ; Perissodus ; attention ; risk ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Due to the intensive development of the global economy, many problems are constantly emerging connected to the safety of ships’ motion in the context of increasing marine traffic. These problems seem to be especially significant for the further development of marine transportation services, with the need to considerably increase their efficiency and reliability. One of the most commonly used approaches to ensuring safety and efficiency is the wide implementation of various automated systems for guidance and control, including such popular systems as marine autopilots, dynamic positioning systems, speed control systems, automatic routing installations, etc. This Special Issue focuses on various problems related to the analysis, design, modelling, and operation of the aforementioned systems. It covers such actual problems as tracking control, path following control, ship weather routing, course keeping control, control of autonomous underwater vehicles, ship collision avoidance. These problems are investigated using methods such as neural networks, sliding mode control, genetic algorithms, L2-gain approach, optimal damping concept, fuzzy logic and others. This Special Issue is intended to present and discuss significant contemporary problems in the areas of automatic control and the routing of marine vessels.
    Keywords: collision avoidance ; ship domain ; fuzzy inference ; collision risk ; early warning system ; marine vessel ; tracking controller ; stability ; functional ; optimal damping ; fin stabilizer ; ship turning ; heel/roll reduction ; L2-gain ; uncertainty ; non-linearity ; ship motion control ; path-following ; guidance algorithm ; nonlinear feedback ; AIS Data ; trajectory prediction ; waterway transportation ; neural networks ; autonomous navigation ; multi-joint autonomous underwater vehicle (MJ-AUV) ; 3-dimensional modeling ; LQR ; LESO ; multicriteria route planning ; genetic algorithm ; particle swarm optimization ; oceanic meteorological routing ; cooperative game theory ; supply chain management ; supply disruption ; unmanned surface vehicle ; Guidance, Navigation and Control ; course keeping ; adaptive sliding mode ; unmanned surface vehicle (USV) ; system identification ; traditional neural network ; physics-informed neural network ; zigzag test ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Concerns have been raised with respect to the state of high-altitude and high-latitude treelines, as they are anticipated to undergo considerable modifications due to global changes, and especially due to climate warming. As high-elevation treelines are temperature-limited vegetation boundaries, they are considered to be sensitive to climate warming. As a consequence, in this future, warmer environment, an upward migration of treelines is expected because low air and root-zone temperatures constrain their regeneration and growth. Despite the ubiquity of climate warming, treeline advancement is not a worldwide phenomenon: some treelines have been advancing rapidly, others have responded sluggishly or have remained stable. This variation in responses is attributed to the potential interaction of a continuum of site-related factors that may lead to the occurrence of locally conditioned temperature patterns. Competition amongst species and below-ground resources have been suggested as additional factors explaining the variability in the movement of treelines. This Special Issue (book) is dedicated to the discussion of treeline responses to changing environmental conditions in different areas around the globe.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QK1-989 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; tree seedling recruitment ; shrubline ; light quality ; higher altitude ; precipitation ; experimental rain exclusion ; Pinus cembra ; Changbai Mountain ; treeline dynamics ; fungal ecology ; thermal continentality ; tree regeneration ; elevational transect ; monitoring ; conifer shrub ; plant water availability ; permafrost ; foehn winds ; treeline ; Holocene ; nitrogen cycling ; carotenoids ; timberline ; 15N natural abundance ; spectrometer ; basal area increment ; palynology ; xylem embolism ; diversity ; elevational treeline ; European Alps ; temperature ; tree line ; winter stress ; photosynthetic pigments ; Pinus sibirica ; westerly winds ; relative air humidity ; ecosystem manipulation ; Larix decidua ; microsite ; polar treeline ; Central Austrian Alps ; Switzerland ; multi-stemmed growth form ; conifers ; forest edge ; history of treeline research ; soil drought ; dendroclimatology ; knowledge engineering ; Rocky Mountains ; apical control ; cloud ; postglacial ; alpine timberline ; space-for-time substitution ; climate change ; expert elicitation ; shoot elongation ; pit aspiration ; climate warming ; climate zone ; alpine treeline ; refilling ; Abies sibirica ; growth trend ; western Montana ; light quantity ; Picea abies ; Mediterranean climate ; forest climatology ; altitude ; environmental stress ; sub-Antarctic ; Erman’s birch ; photoinhibition ; tocopherol ; elevational gradients ; NDVI ; long-term trends ; sap flow ; peat ; tree seedlings ; Southern Ocean ; chlorophyll ; non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) ; drought ; upward advance ; remote sensing data ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 15
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The book begins with an investigation of improved diesel generator flexibility and coordination via low-load diesel applications. Case studies for Australia and Hawaii are presented to conclude that low-load diesel is a natural precursor to storage due to its accessibility and also benefits low and high-penetration isolated power systems. The book continues with Structural Equation Modelling of building occupants attitude, knowledge and behaviour to propose the inclusion of motivational factors in a Building Occupant Environmental Behaviour model for sustainable building energy performance. The following section presents an analysis of different levels of renewable energy integration and energy storage to suggest the most suitable in terms of the reduction of CO2 emissions and expected earnings from a lower LCOE. Further on, a proof-of-concept heat pipe technology for passive cooling to improve the performance of photovoltaic panels in the hot climate of Oman is presented using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The application of an uncontrolled diode rectifier-high voltage direct current transmission system for the Jeju Island power system with an off-shore new wind farm is simulated to demonstrate cost reduction and increased reliability and stability. The book concludes with view factor computations of bifacial solar photovoltaic based on the finite element method using two programming languages to demonstrate that Python offers a better platform than Microsoft Excel-Visual Basic for Applications where computation time is a significant modelling challenge.
    Keywords: building energy exchange ; view factor ; Python programming language ; bifacial solar photovoltaic (PV) ; diode rectifier ; HVDC ; Jeju Island power system ; offshore wind farm ; CFD ; heat pipe ; temperature ; photovoltaic ; spanwise ; wind energy ; storage ; islanded systems ; energy consumption ; Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), occupant environmental attitude ; Knowledge and Behaviour ; battery storage ; hybrid power system ; low-load diesel ; microgrid ; remote area ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: This reprint contains contributions focusing on recent developments in the design, synthesis, and characterization of nanocatalysts intended for applications in environmental protection and low carbon footprint power generation processes thanks to the overall effort of scientists and researchers for a cleaner and more sustainable future. New synthetic approaches to the production and in-depth characterization of innovative nanostructured composites and hybrid materials with well-controlled textural and surface chemistry properties that give performance advantages in a variety of important environmental and energy applications such as CO2 utilization/recycling, hydrogen and syngas production, biosensing, and biocatalysis as well as in ways to obtain useful materials from waste are included, among others. This reprint is the result of one of the cutting-edge Special Issues in the field of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology organized by Nanomaterials to celebrate its 10th anniversary.
    Keywords: nanocarbon ; rocket fuels ; furfuryl alcohol ; fuming nitric acid ; waste ; hypergolics ; carbon materials ; CO2 methanation ; bimetallic catalysts ; Ni-based catalysts ; promoters ; alloy nanoparticles ; bimetallic synergy ; hybrid nanoflowers ; biosynthesis ; influencing factors ; biosensing cues ; bio-catalysis ; propane ; steam reforming ; hydrogen production ; perovskite ; ruthenium ; rhodium ; La2O2CO3 ; stability ; propane steam reforming ; H2 production ; Ni ; TiO2 ; CeO2 ; YSZ ; ZrO2 ; Al2O3 ; drifts ; n/a ; HDO reaction ; transition metal phosphides ; structure ; acidity ; characterization ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 17
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a powerful formulation technology to improve oral absorption of poorly soluble drugs. Despite their being in existence for more than half a century, controlling ASD performance is still regarded as difficult because of ASD’s natural non-equilibrium. However, recent significant advances in ASD knowledge and technology may enable a much broader use of ASD technology. This Special Issue, which includes 3 reviews and 6 original articles, focuses on recent progresses in ASD technology in hopes of helping to accelerate developmental studies in the pharmaceutical industry. In striving for a deep understanding of ASD non-equilibrium behavior, the Special issue also delves into and makes progress in the theory of soft-matter dynamics.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; thermodynamic modeling ; molecular dynamics simulation ; poorly soluble drugs ; amorphous solid dispersions ; dissolution enhancement ; crystallization tendency ; continuous processing ; stability ; milling ; granulation ; thermal analysis ; amorphous ; ball milling ; pharmaceutical glass ; dissolution ; rebamipide ; poloxamer ; classification ; polyelectrolytes ; amorphisation ; self-assembly ; dissolution rate ; miscibility ; bioavailability ; solubility ; evaporation ; mesoporous ; polyelectrolyte excipient matrix ; polymer ; bicaludamide ; phase diagram ; Weibull dissolution model ; spectroscopic techniques ; anticancer drugs ; manufacturing methods ; nucleation ; molecular complex ; nanoaggregates ; enrofloxacin ; accelerated stability test ; solubility enhancement ; amorphous solid dispersion ; tadalafil ; process development ; amorphous polymeric salt ; Wood’s apparatus ; hot melt extrusion ; solid dispersions ; intrinsic dissolution rate ; solid dispersion ; interaction ; crystallization ; spray drying ; characterization ; ciprofloxacin ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 18
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This is a timely collection of recent diverse work on metal oxide nanomaterials, connecting their fundamental aspects and application perspectives in a concise fashion to give a broad view of the current status of this fascinating field. This book presents eight original research articles and two comprehensive reviews to highlight the recent development and understanding of different types of metal oxide nanoparticles and their use for applications in luminescence, photocatalysis, water–oil separation, optoelectronics, gas sensors, energy-saving smart windows, etc. It presents just the tip of the iceberg of the broad, dynamic, and active fundamental research and applications in the developing field of metal oxide nanomaterials by collecting a few examples of the latest advancements.
    Keywords: photoinduced hydrophilicity ; surface energy ; heterostructures ; charge transfer ; work function ; adsorbed water ; nanocarrier ; nanoparticle ; age-dependent adsorption ; Langmuir isotherm ; deoxynucleoside monophosphate ; silica@zirconia ; core@shell ; solution NMR ; buffer interference with adsorption ; VO2 ; phase change material ; flexible thin film ; thermochromics ; energy efficient materials ; RF magnetron sputtering ; ZnO:N thin films ; Raman spectroscopy ; photoluminescence spectroscopy ; electrical characteristics ; charge carrier transport properties ; nanostructured surface ; wettability ; metal fiber felt ; oil–water separation ; emulsion ; nanocomposite ; worm-like micelle ; viscoelastic surfactant ; fracturing fluid ; stability ; two-dimensional materials ; metal oxide ; nanoparticles ; composite materials ; gas sensors ; microstructure ; composites ; photoactivity ; pesticides ; wastewater ; photocatalysis ; metal oxides ; semiconductors ; BaZrO3 ; europium ; luminescence ; EXAFS ; defect ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 19
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: I am grateful to all the authors who contributed to this Special Issue and the referees for reviewing the manuscripts. Finally, I give my thanks to Ms. Alisa Si and all the editorial staff of Nanomaterials for their support during the publication of this Special Issue.
    Keywords: Si ; MnO2 ; rGO ; sea urchin-like structure ; lithium-ion battery ; high performance ; silica-based anode ; Ketjen Black ; electrochemical properties ; pseudocapacitor ; carbon nanotube ; polyaniline ; fractional-order circuit model ; memory effect ; fractional derivative ; zinc-ion batteries ; conducting polymers ; zinc-ion diffusion ; metal–organic framework ; supercapacitors ; energy density ; specific capacitance ; stability ; self-powered ; wearable flexible sensor ; energy harvesting ; human motion monitoring ; triboelectric nanogenerator ; NiMoO4@MnCo2O4 ; microstructure ; electrochemical performance ; cycling stability ; semiconductor superlattice ; dielectric capacity ; energy storage ; first-principles calculation ; supercapacitor ; organic crosslinked polymer ; porous carbon ; electrochemistry ; α-Fe2O3@MnO2 ; electrode materials ; flexibility ; hydrogen generation ; porous titanium oxide cage ; PtNi nanoparticles ; sodium borohydride hydrolysis ; NaBH4 ; graphene oxide ; catalytic activity ; hydrolysis ; aqueous zinc ion battery ; transition metal chalcogenides ; layered structure ; cathode ; energy storage mechanism ; g-C3N4 ; perovskite solar cells ; additive ; surface modifier layer ; Li-rich cathode material ; voltage and capacity fade ; testing mode ; cobalt-containing nanomaterials ; morphological design ; bio-derived hard carbon ; Coulomb efficiency ; Na-ion batteries ; storage mechanism ; fibrous phosphorus ; lithium-Ion battery ; anode ; CuMn2O4 ; nanosheet arrays ; hydrothermal ; battery-type ; CoO@rGO ; graphene ; MOF ; flexible electrodes ; hollow structure ; ultrafast integration ; lithium-ion batteries ; proton exchange membrane fuel cell ; mechanical vibration ; durability ; platinum migration ; accelerated stress test ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 20
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Greenhouse cultivation provides an artificially controlled environment for the year-round production of vegetables, and has played an increasingly important role in agriculture production systems in recent decades. Recent works have shown that improving greenhouse conditions can promote the growth of vegetables and enhance the uptake of nutrients, leading to better vegetable quality. Meanwhile, greenhouse conditions not only directly influence soil nutrient cycling processes and properties, but also indirectly affect them by regulating vegetable root growth and plant–soil interactions. This Special Issue features twelve original research articles that deal with the effects of novel greenhouse practices and strategies on the yield and quality of horticulture crops, as well as greenhouse soil properties. Among these publications, three studied the effects of fertilizers, including organic and macro- and micro-nutrient fertilizers, on the growth and nutrient uptake of vegetables. Two articles described the effects of water and nutrient supply using irrigation or hydroponic supplying systems on the yield and quality of vegetables. Four articles investigated the effects of environmental conditions (mainly light and temperature) on the growth and quality of vegetables. In terms of degenerated greenhouse soil, three articles showed how reductive soil disinfestation decreased soil salinity, improved soil quality, and inactivated soil-borne pathogens.
    Keywords: daily light integral ; cucumber seedling ; seedling quality ; flower development ; boron ; application methods ; growth ; fruit quality ; tomato ; protected greenhouse ; soilless culture ; poultry manure ; yield enhancement ; cucumber ; univariate analysis ; multivariate analysis ; nutrient uptake ; sweet onion ; nerokremmydo ; aeroponic ; floating ; nutrient film technique ; bulb ; application rate ; nitrate ; organic acid ; soil-borne pathogens ; soil pH ; sulfate ; growth rate ; root morphology ; ammonium to nitrate ratio ; nutrient solution composition ; nitrogen efficiency ; net assimilation rate (NAR) ; leaf nitrogen ; fruit temperature ; dry matter ; chlorophyll ; microbial activity ; organic fertilizer ; plastic shed cultivation system ; reductive soil disinfestation ; soil quality ; aromatic substances ; carbon exportation ; flavor quality ; nutrient and function indicator ; overall appearance ; microbial community ; microbial function ; co-occurrence network ; soil ecosystem ; alternate drip irrigation under mulch ; water ; zeolite amount ; tomato growth ; water use efficiency ; principal component ; solar radiation ; humidity ; temperature ; irrigation water use efficiency ; yield ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 21
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This book is devoted to the application of fractional calculus in economics to describe processes with memory and non-locality. Fractional calculus is a branch of mathematics that studies the properties of differential and integral operators that are characterized by real or complex orders. Fractional calculus methods are powerful tools for describing the processes and systems with memory and nonlocality. Recently, fractional integro-differential equations have been used to describe a wide class of economical processes with power law memory and spatial nonlocality. Generalizations of basic economic concepts and notions the economic processes with memory were proposed. New mathematical models with continuous time are proposed to describe economic dynamics with long memory. This book is a collection of articles reflecting the latest mathematical and conceptual developments in mathematical economics with memory and non-locality based on applications of fractional calculus.
    Keywords: mathematical economics ; economic theory ; fractional calculus ; fractional dynamics ; long memory ; non-locality ; fractional generalization ; econometric modelling ; identification ; Phillips curve ; Mittag-Leffler function ; generalized fractional derivatives ; growth equation ; Mittag–Leffler function ; Caputo fractional derivative ; economic growth model ; least squares method ; fractional diffusion equation ; fundamental solution ; option pricing ; risk sensitivities ; portfolio hedging ; business cycle model ; stability ; time delay ; time-fractional-order ; Hopf bifurcation ; Einstein’s evolution equation ; Kolmogorov–Feller equation ; diffusion equation ; self-affine stochastic fields ; random market hypothesis ; efficient market hypothesis ; fractal market hypothesis ; financial time series analysis ; evolutionary computing ; modelling ; economic growth ; prediction ; Group of Twenty ; pseudo-phase space ; economy ; system modeling ; deep assessment ; least squares ; modeling ; GDP per capita ; LSTM ; econophysics ; continuous-time random walk (CTRW) ; Mittag–Leffler functions ; Laplace transform ; Fourier transform ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management
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  • 22
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Transportation is one of the most crucial aspects across the world, supporting the daily life of human beings and the sustainable development of the whole of society. Generally, meteorology causes various impacts on transportation operation, safety and efficiency. In the context of global warming, increasing numbers of extreme weather and climate events (such as fog, icy roads, and extreme winds) have been detected worldwide and are expected to occur more frequently in the future. Meanwhile, extreme events, such as dense fog, rainstorm, and blizzard, tend to damage transportation and traffic facilities (such as express ways, port, airport, and high-speed railway) and induce serious traffic blocks and accidents. In recent decades, concentrated and continuous efforts have been made to carry out meteorological analyses regardless of urban traffic or transportation conditions, including those of highways, shipping, aviation, etc. A number of methods and techniques have been intensively developed to promote the qualities of both observations and forecasts. More recently, state-of-the-art machine learning frameworks have also been widely introduced into studies regarding transportation meteorology and many other fields.
    Keywords: transportation meteorology ; pavement temperature prediction ; deep learning ; BiLSTM ; attention mechanisms ; winter icing ; air pollution ; traffic vitality ; built environment ; spatial correlation ; spatial lag model ; phone signaling data ; air quality ; behavioral habits ; activity density ; population distribution ; land use mix ; wind forecast ; error decomposition ; bias ; distribution ; sequence ; urban meteorology ; observation ; forecast ; early warning ; review ; China ; low-level wind shear ; ensemble learning classifiers ; Bayesian optimization ; SHapley Additive exPlanations ; wind shear ; go-around ; machine learning ; dynamic ensemble selection ; civil aviation safety ; pilot reports ; self-paced ensemble ; Shapley additive explanations ; climate change ; climatology ; sea ice ; marginal sea ; East Asia ; time-series modeling ; pavement temperature ; nowcasting ; variation characteristics ; forecast validation ; relative humidity ; microwave radiometer data ; total rainfall ; precipitation duration ; vertical distribution ; Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region ; rail breakage ; frequency ; high-speed railway ; Siberian high ; teleconnection ; temperature ; Qinling mountains ; rainfall ; change characteristics ; geographical factors ; highways ; road blockage ; fuzzy analytic hierarchy process ; CRITIC weight assignment method ; road network vulnerability ; spatiotemporal distribution ; precipitation forecast ; ConvLSTM ; PredRNN ; expressway ; agglomerate fog ; risk level prediction of fog-related accidents ; meteorological conditions ; road hidden dangers ; traffic flow conditions ; visibility ; Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea ; observation data ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades
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  • 23
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The overall energy sector calls for a transformation from a fossil-based system to a low-carbon one. At a technology level, significant efforts have been made to provide energy solutions that contribute to a sustainable energy system. However, the actual suitability of these solutions is often not checked. In this sense, the assessment of energy systems from a life-cycle perspective is of paramount importance when it comes to effectively planning the energy sector. While environmental issues are commonly addressed through the use of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, the comprehensive evaluation of the economic and social aspects of energy systems often remains ignored or underdeveloped. This book consists of a set of scientific works addressing the analysis of energy systems from a (life-cycle) technical, economic, environmental and/or social standpoint. Case studies at and beyond the technology level are included, some of them involving a combination of life cycle and non-life cycle approaches for the thorough evaluation of energy systems under the umbrella of sustainability.
    Keywords: zinc (Zn) ; electrowinning (EW) ; activated Carbons (ACs) ; adsorbate ; liquid phase space velocity (LHSV) ; temperature ; bioeconomy ; life cycle assessment ; multi-criteria decision analysis ; sustainability ; thermal energy ; wood ; LCC optimization ; building energy simulation ; energy system optimization ; energy renovation ; historic building district ; district heating system ; biobutanol ; clean combustion ; Scilab simulations ; SimaPro ; CO2 emission ; fuel production management ; environmental impact ; non-edible resources for biofuel production ; GIS ; concentrated solar power ; solar thermochemistry ; life-cycle costs ; cost supply ; geographical potential ; sustainable ; alternative ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 24
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: The title of the current Special Issue, “Feature Papers in Materials Simulation and Design”, has identified the aims of this collection since its opening: the gathering of research works and comprehensive review papers that advance the understanding and prediction of material behavior at different scales, from atomistic to macroscopic, through innovative modeling and simulation.In this context, interdisciplinary researches that tackled challenging and complex material problems where the governing phenomena might span different scales of material behavior, with an emphasis on the development of quantitative approaches to explain and predict experimental observations, have been collected. Similarly, particular attention has been given to homogenization techniques for the evaluation of the mechanical properties of new materials and multi-phase composites. Innovative numerical approaches for the mechanical analysis, highlighting their accuracy, reliability, and stability features, have been also welcomed. Significant space has been also given to advanced and sustainable technologies. From the aforementioned topics, it is evident that this Special Issue represents the ideal forum for disseminating excellent research findings, as well as sharing innovative ideas in this significant field.Throughout the several months of activity, this Special Issue has been able to attract much interesting research. Its success is proven by the sixteen papers collected and published.
    Keywords: die height ; biomass compaction ; relaxation coefficient ; briquette density ; logging residues ; mechanical engineering ; scale opening mechanics ; seed extraction ; morphological structure ; numerical simulation ; computational fluid dynamics ; OpenFOAM ; cementitious materials ; Bingham rheology ; pumping ; reliability ; pentagon-based 2D material ; thermal conductivity ; thermoelectric properties ; anharmonicity ; additive manufacturing ; fused deposition modeling ; lattice structures ; TPU ; layering ; zirconia ceramics ; brittle medium ; porosity ; Kolsky method ; compressibility ; strength ; fracture ; stress growth rate ; light-harvesting ; water splitting ; photoferroics ; high-throughput screening ; Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites ; high-pressure water jet ; high-pressure water-ice jet ; paint coating ; geometric structure of the surface ; base ; surface efficiency of the process ; renovation ; acrylonitrile butadiene styrene ; artificial neural networks ; dynamic mechanical properties ; Particle Swarm Optimization ; green composite ; bumper beam ; numerical modeling ; energy absorption ; natural fibers ; axial vibration ; short-fiber-reinforced ; Fourier series ; nonlocal elasticity ; thin-walled ; FEM ; thermal buckling analysis ; tungsten trioxide ; graphene oxide ; photocatalysis ; nanocomposite ; composite laminate ; mode-II delamination ; R-curve ; temperature ; cohesive law ; nonlinear hyperelastic material ; viscoelasticity ; semi-analytical polynomial method ; large deformation ; finite element method ; numerical methods ; thin shells ; variable-stiffness structures ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 25
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The green mining of coal resources aims to realize the best economic and environmental benefits in the process of coal resource development, which is relevant to the sustainable development of the earth. Green mining technologies include the following: water-preserved mining for water resource protection; filling mining for the protection of the earth and buildings; simultaneous extraction of coal and gas for the realization of gas discharge; intelligent green mining to realize emission reduction; clean energy development in mining enterprises for the realization of resource transformation; and water and soil ecological restoration for the ecological protection of mining areas.
    Keywords: residual coal pillar ; gob-side entry driving ; extra-thick coal seam ; coal pillar size ; surrounding rock control ; directional long borehole ; long-distance ; heading face ; permeability evolution ; gas pressure evolution ; gas drainage ; pre-splitting blasting ; roof cutting technology ; hydraulic fracturing ; no-coal pillar mining ; thick hard roof ; pressure relief technology ; sandstone ; deformation behavior ; mining stress path ; coal ; solid propellant blasting ; borehole wall pressure ; damage fracture law ; experimental study ; main roadway group ; mining-induced stress ; surrounding rock stability ; ground control ; deflection of principal stress ; close-distance coal seams ; stopping space ; roof rocks ; stability ; asymmetric control ; deep mine ; coal roadway ; numerical simulation ; pressure relief ; external anchor–internal unloading ; surrounding rock control technology ; multi-seam mining ; gas emission of working face ; hydrocarbon isotope ; gas emission rate of adjacent coal seam ; mining fracture zone height ; fully mechanized top coal caving mining ; triangle-block structure ; beam structure ; cable truss ; support ; mining pressures ; gob-side coal roadway ; asymmetric floor heave ; failure mechanism ; cooperative control ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
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  • 26
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: As we move further into the 21st century, despite the fact that new technologies have emerged, machining remains the key operation to achieve high productivity and precision for high-added value parts in several sectors, but recent advances in computer applications should close the gap between simulations and industrial practices. This book, “Machining Dynamics and Parameters Process Optimization”, is oriented toward the different strategies and paths when it comes to increasing productivity and reliability in metal removal processes. The topics include the dynamic characterization of machine tools, experimental dampening techniques, and optimization algorithms combined with signal monitoring.
    Keywords: CNC parameters ; machining mode ; high speed ; high accuracy ; high surface quality ; five-axis linear-segment toolpath ; path smoothing ; B-spline curve-fitting ; path synchronization ; feedrate scheduling ; flute-grinding ; evolution algorithms ; wheel location and orientation ; thin-floor machining ; chatter ; magnetorheological damper ; bull-nose end mill ; tool wear monitoring ; milling ; complex part ; deep learning ; autoencoder ; deep multi-layer perceptron ; tool condition monitoring ; tool change policy ; Industry 4.0 ; machine learning ; CNN ; AI ; additive manufacturing ; thin walled machining ; dynamics ; machining cycle optimization ; multivariable tool ; stable peninsula ; homotopy perturbation method ; machining robot ; natural frequency prediction ; model optimization ; dynamic performance ; stability ; machining ; grinding ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 27
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The states of bridge structures decline over time due to various degradation processes, such as creep, corrosion, and cyclic loading. During its life cycle, a bridge also faces the great threat of multiple hazards, such as winds, earthquakes, collisions, waves, landslides, and so on. Structural damages in an existing bridge affect operational and structural safety and weaken the sustainability of bridges. Therefore, advanced damage diagnosis techniques and safety assessment methods are strongly required to ensure structural safety and achieve infrastructure sustainability. This Special Issue aims to bring together recent scientific developments in probabilistic hazard analysis, structural exposure models, damage diagnosis methods, testing and measurement techniques, dynamic behavior and protection technology, damage mechanisms, risk assessment framework, and resilience-based approaches. Since we have past one year since this Special Issue opened, thirteen papers have been published, the majority of which focus on the structural safety assessment of bridges under wind, earthquake, collision, wave, etc. The Guest Editors believe that this reprint will provide important theoretical and technical support for bridge damage diagnosis and safety assessment and promote communication and cooperation between design, construction, research, teaching, and production.
    Keywords: self-consolidating concrete ; micro-steel fiber ; high admixture ; mechanical performance ; grid pile foundation ; ABAQUS ; load-bearing performance ; Monte Carlo method ; safety assessment ; sea-crossing bridges ; triangle elevation ; leveling method ; dynamic compensation ; total station ; harsh environment ; long distance ; sea-crossing elevation ; combined survey platform ; numerical simulation ; strong wave and deep-water conditions ; wave-current load ; working performance ; arch bridge ; ultimate span length ; theoretical analysis ; high-performance material ; strength ; stability ; bridge ; near-fault earthquake ; vertical separation ; eccentric impact ; failure mode ; pounding ; prefabricated frame bridge ; seismic behaviors ; small and medium bridge ; seismic responses ; stopper damage ; numerical method ; conformal mapping ; closed box girder ; sliding searching method ; flutter performance ; aerodynamic forces ; streamlined box girder ; coupled vibration ; potential flow ; second-order component ; bridge engineering ; temperature gradient ; parameter sensitivity ; steel slag ; concrete-filled double-skin steel tube (CFDST) ; T-joint ; seismic performance ; concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) ; laced piers ; modeling method ; design optimization ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 28
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint covers topics on geographical scale of glacier and lake ice variations, as well as the engineering scale of ice properties and their practical applications via laboratory tests and numerical modeling.
    Keywords: level ice ; ice resistance ; probability distribution ; polar ship ; circumferential crack method ; ice phenology ; Eurasia ; analytical model ; climate ; altitude ; spatial statistics ; glacier resources ; glacier inventory ; climate change ; topography ; Xinjiang ; polar ships ; propeller ; ice blockage ; cavitation effect ; EFD-CFD ; Manas river basin ; Kaidu river basin ; glacier mass balance ; Geographical detector ; attribution analysis ; arctic oil and gas resources ; Kulluk platform ; mooring system ; ice load ; ice-structure interaction ; sea ice ; fresh-water ice ; parametrization scheme ; melting rate ; laboratory study ; unmanned aerial vehicles ; SIFT algorithm ; brutal force matching ; RANSAC algorithm ; ice velocity ; blasting under ice ; dynamic simulation ; blasting volume ; parameter analysis ; collaborative bearing capacity ; analytic hierarchy process ; SD model ; simulation prediction ; Ulan Suhai Lake ; lake ; wetlands ; optical satellite data ; cloud ; Wuliangsu Lake ; ship ice accumulation ; sea spray ; marine structures ; SPH-FEM coupling method ; distilled water ice ; uniaxial compressive strength ; growth temperature of ice ; strain rate ; grain size ; ice core ; fabric ; microstructure ; glacial shear margin ; Dalk Glacier ; river ice ; thickness ; GPR ; temperature ; Yellow River ; water resources from melted glaciers ; lake ice phenology ; ice properties ; ice engineering ; ecosystem under lake ice ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 29
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Fruits and vegetables are important sources of nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds, and provide many health benefits. However, due to non-optimal post-harvest management, large quantities of fresh or fresh-cut fruits and vegetables experience a decline in their quality and nutritional value before they reach the consumer. This Special Issue covers technologies for the harvesting, handling, and storage of vegetables, including storage strategies such as active packaging, edible coatings, the application of nanotechnology in the post-harvest of vegetable crops, and others, with the aim of improving the shelf-life of fresh and fresh-cut fruits and vegetables.
    Keywords: fresh walnut ; total phenols ; frozen storage ; fatty acid ; antioxidant enzyme ; fruit storage ; antioxidant capacity ; phenolic compounds ; gene expression ; Fragaria × ananassa Duch. ; Sabrosa ; ripening stage ; headspace solid phase microextraction (HS SPME GC/MS) ; HPLC-MS/MS principal component analysis ; fresh-cut cauliflower ; storage period ; calcium chloride ; temperature ; factor analysis ; quality ; table grapes ; optimal harvesting ; technological maturity ; phenolic maturity ; non-destructive tools ; Multiplex® 3 ; pectin-based coating ; quality attributes ; fresh-cut carrot ; respiratory activity ; carotenoids and phenolic compounds ; lemon byproduct ; antioxidant ; e-nose ; ATR-FTIR ; image analysis ; multivariate analysis ; Barhi dates ; Phoenix dactylifera ; chitosan ; orange peel ; olive cake ; coating ; scanning electron microscopy ; surface structure ; antifungal active packaging ; raspberry ; green tea extract ; rosemary extract ; citrus ; intelligent logistics ; modeling ; orange ; postharvest ; chilling injury ; storage ; melatonin ; 1-MCP ; oregano ; vacuum packaging ; Allium cepa ; Rhus coriaria ; refrigeration ; mango fruit ; melatonin treatment ; cold storage ; decay ; physiological and metabolic processes ; goji berries ; shelf-life ; postharvest quality ; sensorial attributes ; freshness ; active packaging ; cold plasma ; dipping ; E-nose ; high hydrostatic pressure ; innovative postharvest technologies ; pulsed electric field ; vacuum impregnation ; near-infrared spectroscopy ; Pleurotus eryngii ; king oyster mushroom ; quality influential factors ; preservation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 30
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue is a collection of research topics on developing analytical and bioanalytical methods for isolation, identification, and determination of substances in biomedical and pharmaceutical matrices. Special attention is given to advancements in sample preparation, separation techniques and novel detection methods of small molecules, peptides, and monoclonal antibodies. The presented analytical methods exhibit several applications, including pharmacokinetic studies, therapeutic drug monitoring, microdialysis, toxicology, disease screening or drug stability study. Two comprehensive review articles were also presented on applying capillary electrophoresis to analyze bioactive compounds in herbal matrices.
    Keywords: CNS ; sulfasalazine ; brain to plasma ratio ; LC-ESI-TOF-MS ; rituximab ; quadripolar mass spectrometer ; albumin depletion ; pharmacokinetics ; orbitrap mass spectrometer ; IgG-immunocapture ; bubble-generating magnetic liposomes ; bionic membrane ; permeable compounds ; herbal medicines ; LC–MS ; capillary electrophoresis ; herbal ; raw material ; tea ; polyphenols ; flavonoids ; amino acids ; coumarins ; alkaloids ; chlorambucil and valproic acid ; HPLC-UV and GC-MS methods ; optimization and validation ; determination in plasma ; combined anticancer therapy ; herbal drugs ; medicinal plants ; quality control ; quantitative analysis ; pharmaceutical analysis ; 4-acetamidobenzoic acid ; validation ; pharmacokinetic ; pigs ; LC-MS/MS ; iron determination ; spectrophotometry ; flow analysis ; direct injection detector ; multi-pumping flow system ; medical errors ; hospital workflow ; patient safety ; Raman spectroscopy ; IV drugs ; piperacillin ; tazobactam ; non-invasively ; vildagliptin ; remogliflozin ; ratio derivative spectrophotometry ; determination ; formulation ; ecofriendly ; confidence interval ; stability ; retrospective analysis ; sample size ; regulatory bioanalysis ; bioanalytical method validation ; heparin ; metal–organic framework ; zeolite imidazolate framework-8 ; kinetic ; thermodynamic ; Oncheong-eum ; traditional herbal prescription ; method development ; method validation ; high-performance liquid chromatography ; thalassemia ; human hemoglobin ; wooden-tip electrospray ionization ; multiply charged ions ; mass spectrometry ; multiply charged ion ; GC–MS ; analytical QbD ; genotoxic impurity ; alkyl halide ; (Q)SAR ; analytical method development ; tyrosine kinase inhibitor ; liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry ; active metabolite ; therapeutic drug monitoring ; chronic lymphocytic leukemia ; assay error equation ; oral anticancer drug ; IWR-1-endo ; Wnt signaling inhibitor ; solid-phase extraction ; cerebral microdialysis ; bioanalysis ; Tafamidis ; polymorphs ; crystal structure ; powder diffraction ; thermal stability ; blood collection tubes ; citrate anticoagulant ; direct spectrometric determination ; quality control method ; anticoagulant concentration ; draw volume ; anticoagulant volume ; magnesium contamination ; potassium contamination ; Agrimonia pilosa ; apigenin-7-O-glucuronide ; cream ; HPLC-DAD ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: Using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) to exploit data has been found in a wide variety of applications. This reprint book only presents a small glimpse of it. Many other important applications using HSI which have emerged in data exploitation are not covered in this reprint book. For example, such applications may include water pollution and toxic waste in environmental monitoring, pesticide residual detection in food safety and inspection, plant and crop disease detection in agriculture, tumor detection and breast cancer detection in medical imaging, drug traffic in law enforcement, etc. Nevertheless, this reprint book provides many techniques which may find their ways in these applications as well.
    Keywords: hyperspectral image few-shot classification ; deep learning ; meta-learning ; relation network ; convolutional neural network ; constrained-target optimal index factor band selection (CTOIFBS) ; hyperspectral image ; underwater spectral imaging system ; underwater hyperspectral target detection ; band selection (BS) ; constrained energy minimization (CEM) ; lightweight convolutional neural networks ; hyperspectral imagery classification ; transfer learning ; air temperature ; spatial measurement ; FTIR ; MWIR ; carbon dioxide absorption ; target detection ; coffee beans ; insect damage ; hyperspectral imaging ; band selection ; visualization ; color formation models ; multispectral image ; image fusion ; joint tensor decomposition ; anomaly detection ; constrained sparse representation ; hyperspectral imagery ; moving target detection ; spatio-temporal processing ; hyperspectral remote sensing ; image classification ; constraint representation ; superpixel segmentation ; multiscale decision fusion ; plug-and-play ; denoising ; nonlinear unmixing ; spectral reconstruction ; residual augmented attentional u-shape network ; spatial augmented attention ; channel augmented attention ; boundary-aware constraint ; atmospheric transmittance ; temperature ; emissivity ; separation ; midwave infrared ; hyperspectral images ; hyperspectral image super-resolution ; data fusion ; spectral-spatial residual network ; self-supervised training ; hyperspectral ; vegetation ; generative adversarial network ; data augmentation ; classification ; rice leaf blast ; hyperspectral imaging data ; deep convolutional neural networks ; fused features ; evolutionary computation ; heuristic algorithms ; machine learning ; unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) ; vegetation mapping ; upland swamps ; mine environment ; rice ; rice leaf folder ; hyperspectral image classification ; change detection ; self-supervised learning ; attention mechanism ; multi-source image fusion ; SFIM ; least square estimation ; spatial filter ; hyperspectral imaging (HSI) ; hyperspectral target detection ; hyperspectral reconstruction ; hyperspectral unmixing ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Various types of metallic and composite structures are used in modern engineering practice. For aerospace, car industry, and civil engineering applications, the most important are thin-walled structures made of di erent types of metallic alloys, brous composites, laminates, and multifunctional materials with a more complicated geometry of reinforcement including nanoparticles or nano bres. The current applications in modern engineering require analysis of structures of various properties, shapes, and sizes (e.g., aircraft wings) including structural hybrid joints, subjected to di erent types of loadings, including quasi-static, dynamic, cyclic, thermal, impact, penetration, etc.The advanced metallic and composite structures should satisfy multiple structural functions during operating conditions. Structural functions include mechanical properties such as strength, sti ness, damage resistance, fracture toughness, and damping. Non-structural functions include electrical and thermal conductivities, sensing, actuation, energy harvesting, self-healing capability, electromagnetic shielding, etc.The aim of this SI is to understand the basic principles of damage growth and fracture processes in advanced metallic and composite structures that also include structural joints. Presently, it is widely recognized that important macroscopic properties, such as macroscopic sti ness and strength, are governed by processes that occur at one to several scales below the level of observation. A thorough understanding of how these processes influence the reduction of sti ffness and strength forms the key to the design of improved innovative structural elements and the analysis of existing ones.
    Keywords: steel–concrete composite bridge ; I-shaped beam ; concrete creep ; temperature ; prediction ; experiment ; through-beam joint ; concrete filled steel tube (CFST) columns ; reinforced concrete (RC) ; axial compressive behaviour ; steel mesh ; local compression ; confined concrete ; height factor ; curved steel–concrete composite box beam ; two-node finite beam element with 26 DOFs ; long-term behavior ; age-adjusted effective modulus method ; C-section ; TH-section ; distortional mode ; medium length ; interactive buckling ; compression ; Koiter’s theory ; FEM ; dynamic pulse buckling ; composite stanchion ; FE analysis ; nonlinear analysis ; crashworthiness ; modulus of elasticity ; pine wood ; wood defects ; knots ; laboratory tests ; beams ; glued laminated timber ; ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) ; minicomposite ; tensile ; damage ; fracture ; timber ; natural composite ; Kolsky method ; deformation diagrams ; wood species ; energy absorption ; wood model ; verification ; nonlinear stability ; square plate ; shear forces ; components of transverse forces in bending ; membrane components of transverse forces ; 4 methods (CPT, FSDT, S-FSDT, FEM) ; connection ; test ; bolt ; steel plate ; moisture content ; failure ; AlCrN ; arc current ; structure ; hardness ; adhesion ; wear ; turbine jet engine ; material tests ; ember-resistant alloys ; wood ; cohesive law ; digital image correlation ; fracture mechanics ; mixed mode I+II loading ; dual adhesive ; single lap joints ; numerical modeling ; artificial neural networks ; sandwich panels with corrugated channel core ; 3D-printed sandwich ; bending response ; mechanism maps ; geometrical optimization ; dislocation–boundary interaction ; dislocation–interface interaction ; deformation twin-boundary interaction ; size effect ; boundary structure ; boundary strengthening ; characterization techniques ; adhesive joint ; adhesive bond strength ; adhesive layer thickness ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Antioxidative polyphenols represented by tannins and flavonoids are rich in numerous food sources and traditional natural medicines and currently attracting increased attention in health care and food industries because of their multiple biological activities that are favorable to human health. Commemorating the outstanding achievements on tannins by Dr. Takuo Okuda on the occasion of his passing away in December 2016, his colleagues, friends, and worldwide experts of polyphenol research have contributed 18 papers on their recent study to the Special Issue of Molecules. This book is its reprinted form. This covers reviews of structural features, historical usages, and biological activities of unique class of ellagitannins and condensed tannins, and original articles on the most up-to-date findings on the anticancer effect of green tea catechins, the antivirus effect of tannins comparing with the clinically used drugs, the analytical method of ellagitannins using quantitative NMR, the chemical structures of Hydrangea-blue complex (pigment) and condensed tannins in Ephedra sinica and purple prairie clover, and the relationship of condensed tannins in legumes and grape-marc with methane production in the in vitro ruminant system, and others. This book will be useful to natural product chemists and also to researchers in pharmaceutical and/or food industry.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; Coreopsis lanceolata L. ; UV-Vis ; methanogenesis ; Lythraceae ; flavanone ; grape marc ; TDDFT ; Ephedra sinica ; macrocyclic oligomer ; triple-negative breast cancer ; antioxidant ; purple prairie clover ; chalcone ; neuraminidase ; fatty acid synthase ; (?)-epigallocatechin gallate ; epidermal growth factor ; NMR spectroscopy ; Aluminum ion ; Onagraceae ; Hydrangea macrophylla ; synthetic analogues ; blue color development ; amyloid-? peptide ; FTIR ; oseltamivir carboxylate ; quantitative NMR ; phloroglucinolysis ; thin layer chromatography ; European historic leathers ; FASN inhibition ; ECD ; colorimetric tests ; taxanes ; cynandione A ; conservation method ; 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid ; ellagitannin ; PC12 ; condensed tannin ; Trapa taiwanensis Nakai ; 1H-NMR ; Acacia ; (?)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate ; Geranium thunbergii ; condensed tannins ; immunomodulatory effect ; Acacia mearnsii bark ; Escherichia coli ; oligomer ; Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction ; lung tumor ; Aspergillus fumigates ; in vitro batch fermentation ; metal complex ; Myrtaceae ; Cynanchum auriculatum ; molecular interactions ; phenolic glycoside ; bamboo leaf extract ; stability ; Microsporum canis ; Cynanchum wilfordii ; thiolysis ; anti-inflammation ; hydrolysable tannin ; geraniin ; NGF ; polyphenol ; revision ; ESI-mass ; bioactivity ; antifungal activities ; interferon-? ; antitumor effect ; tannin composition ; oenothein B ; zanamivir ; 2-O-?-laminaribiosyl-4-hydroxyacetophenone ; anticancer activity ; proanthocyanidin ; vegetable tanning ; Dittrichia viscosa ; differentiation ; aurone ; antioxidants ; protein precipitation ; apoptosis ; polyphenolic FASN inhibitors ; forage legume ; biological activities ; ultrahigh-resolution negative mode MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry ; overlay method ; spectroscopy ; wattle tannin ; immune checkpoint ; hormesis ; 3-O-glucosyldelphinidin ; gallotannin ; proanthocyanidins ; fatty acids ; flavonol ; inhibition ; structure ; Candida spp. ; Malassezia spp. ; ORAC assay ; neuroprotection ; crystal structure ; tannins ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: In the treatment of acute stroke, thrombolysis and thrombectomy have proven to be highly effective. Many patients have seen significant improvement after reperfusion therapy. This reprint aims to address current knowledge gaps and promote advancements in the use of thrombolysis and thrombectomy for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
    Keywords: ischemic stroke ; acute kidney injury ; contrast media ; endovascular treatment ; outcome ; hyperglycemia ; acute ischemic stroke ; large vessel occlusion ; mechanical thrombectomy ; stroke ; ischemia ; machine learning ; cerebral infarction ; biomarkers ; recanalization therapy ; reperfusion ; temperature ; time to admission ; prehospital delay ; prior stroke ; basilar artery ; brain ischemia ; intracranial atherosclerosis ; embolism ; infarction ; clinical symptoms ; intravenous thrombolysis ; endovascular therapy ; recanalization times ; clinical outcome ; hypoperfusion index ratio ; collateral circulation ; collateral scoring ; CTA ; CTP ; thrombolysis ; C-reactive protein ; white blood cell count ; prognosis ; hypoperfusion ; collaterality ; thrombectomy ; frailty ; elderly patients ; hospital frailty risk score ; acute stroke ; perfusion imaging ; CT perfusion ; MR perfusion ; RAPID ; fasting hyperglycemia ; fasting normoglycemia ; long-term outcome ; hemorrhagic transformation ; parenchymal hematoma ; GWAS ; single nucleotide variants ; anterior circulation ; bridging therapy ; recanalization ; stroke risk score ; COVID-19 ; Lithuania ; reperfusion therapies ; outcomes ; safety ; prehospital stroke diagnosis ; ultrasound ; brain perfusion ; SONAS® ; prehospital stroke scales ; point-of-care diagnostics ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Ocean Structures subjected to actions of ocean waves require safety inspection as they protect human environment and everyday lives. Increasing uses of ocean environment have brought active research activities continuously. The newly developed technology of ocean energy even pushed the related needs forward one more step. This Special Issue focuses on Analysis of Interactions between wave structures and ocean waves. Although ocean structures may cover various practical and/or conceptual types, we hope in the years to come, the state-of-the-art applications in wave and structure interactions and/or progress review and future developments could be included. There are fifteen papers published in the Special issue. A brief description includes: Lee et al. [1] presented a concept of a water column type wave power converter. Li et al. [2] considered submerged breakwaters. Lin et al. [3] studied an ocean current turbine system. Thiagarajan and Moreno [4] investigated oscillating heave plates in wind turbines. Chiang et al. [5] proposed an actuator disk model. Tseng et al. [6] investigated Bragg reflections of periodic surface-piercing submerged breakwaters. Lee et al. [7] analyzed caisson structures with a wave power conversion system installed. Yeh et al. [8] reported motion reduction in offshore wind turbines. Wu and Hsiao [9] considered submerged slotted barriers. Tang et al. [10] studied floating platforms with fishnets. Chen et al. [11] calculated mooring drags of underwater floating structures with moorings. Jeong et al. [12] estimated the motion performance of light buoys using ecofriendly and lightweight materials. Zhang et al. [13] considered vibrations of deep-sea risers. On the other hand, Shugan et al. [14] studied the effects of plastic coating on sea surfaces.
    Keywords: deep-sea riser ; top tension ; vortex-induced vibration ; numerical simulation ; experiment ; light buoy ; motion performance in waves ; potential-based simulations ; viscous damping coefficients ; free decay tests ; computational fluid dynamics ; analytic solution ; water waves ; underwater floating structure ; mooring forces ; interaction ; floating platform ; fishnet mesh size ; frequency-domain ; time-domain ; nonlinear waves ; BEM ; solitary wave ; submerged breakwater ; slotted barrier ; PIV ; RANS model ; motion reduction control ; renewable energy ; TLD ; offshore wind turbine ; structural safety ; breakwater design ; wave energy ; wave power converting system ; caisson breakwater application ; eigenfunction matching method ; oblique wave ; Bragg reflection ; step approximation ; surface-piercing structure ; periodic bottom ; surface waves ; wave breaker ; elastic plate ; power prediction ; capacity factor ; actuator disk ; wind farm ; heave plate ; free surface effect ; floating offshore wind turbine ; hydrodynamic coefficients ; added mass ; damping coefficient ; forced oscillation in waves ; Keulegan Carpenter number ; stability ; ocean current power system ; surface type ; buoyance platform ; mooring foundation ; particle image velocimetry ; submerged obstacle ; undulating breakwater ; rectangular breakwater ; vortex energy ; offshore wind power ; template structure system ; oscillating water column ; n/a ; typhoon ; gust ; extreme wind ; aerodynamic load ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book contains 21 research papers, one review and one editorial focusing on studies in the field of electric power systems research in 2016. These 23 published papers can be classified into five categories: generation systems; transmission systems; distribution systems; end-users; and the power market. Among these, the subjects of generation and distribution systems has caused the most concern due to the realization of smart grids. Papers presented in this book cover research, the development of new procedures or components, an original application of existing knowledge, or new design approaches. The authors of the published articles are from a variety of Asian, North American, and European countries. This book shows that authors in China are the most active and their research covers all of the above-mentioned areas.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; optimization ; reliability ; sustainability ; stability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Due to the ongoing rise in sea level and increases in extreme wave climates, which consequently change the wave climate, coastal structures such as sea dikes and seawalls are exposed to severe and frequent sea storms. Even though much research related to wave–structure interactions has been carried out, it remains one of the most important and challenging topics in the field of coastal engineering. The recent publications in the Special Issue “Wave Interactions with Coastal Structures” in the Journal of Marine Science and Engineering include a wide range of research, including theoretical/mathematical, experimental, and numerical work related to the interaction between sea waves and coastal structures. These publications address conventional coastal hard structures in deep water zones as well as those located in shallow water zones, such as wave overtopping over shallow foreshores with apartment buildings on dikes. The research findings presented help to improve our knowledge of hydrodynamic processes, and the new approaches and developments presented here will be good benchmarks for future work.
    Keywords: shallow waters ; wave energy ; coastal erosion ; beach restoration ; submerged breakwaters ; protected nourishments ; wave overtopping ; coastal safety ; flow velocity ; flow depth ; sea dikes ; overtopping reduction ; force reduction ; oblique waves ; storm return wall ; EurOtop manual ; validation ; wave modelling ; shallow foreshore ; dike-mounted vertical wall ; wave impact loads ; OpenFOAM ; average overtopping discharge ; individual volume ; overtopping flow depth ; overtopping flow velocity ; promenade ; vertical wall ; SWASH ; fluid–structure interaction ; waves ; smoothed particle hydrodynamics ; SPH ; Pont del Petroli ; storm Gloria ; inter-model comparison ; DualSPHysics ; wave pressure ; caisson breakwater ; stability ; RANS model ; solitary wave ; fully nonlinear wave ; three-dimensional wave ; partially submerged cylinder ; hollow circular cylinder ; tsunami ; wave ; bore ; flooding ; debris ; numerical modeling ; SPH–FEM coupling ; coastal structures ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: In recent years, peptides generated from various marine organisms have attracted wide attention due to their diverse chemical structures and bioactivities, including antioxidant, immune-modulating, angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory, hypotensive, hypolipidemic, antiviral, cytotoxic, neurotoxic, anticoagulant, antifreeze, etc. Moreover, bioactive peptides can serve as additional functional components used in health foods, nutraceuticals, bio-preservatives, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. The Special Issue on “Marine Bioactive Peptides—Structure, Function, and Application” aimed to collect papers on up-to-date information regarding the preparation, structural identification, activity and functional evaluation, and application of marine bioactive peptides.
    Keywords: internal organs of Urechis unicinctus ; ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis ; polypeptide ; antioxidant activity ; monkfish peptides ; NAFLD ; the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway ; lipid metabolism ; Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) ; cartilage ; collagen peptide ; cytoprotection ; Chlorella pyrenoidosa protein hydrolysate ; krill oil-in-water emulsion ; lipid oxidation ; Pinctada martensii purified peptides ; molecular docking ; traceless healing ; Cyclina sinensis ; pentadecapeptide ; immunomodulatory ; cyclophosphamide ; mechanism ; red alga ; Gracilariopsis chorda ; bioactive peptides ; ACE inhibitory activity ; DPP-IV inhibitory activity ; DPPH scavenging activity ; Laminaria digitata ; ACE-1 inhibition ; protein hydrolysate ; brown seaweed ; in silico analysis ; skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) ; antioxidant peptide ; skin photoaging ; ultraviolet radiation ; protective function ; anti-apoptosis ; monkfish (Lophius litulon) ; swim bladders ; peptide ; stability ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book is a printed version of the papers published in the Special Issue “DC & Hybrid Microgrids” of Applied Sciences. This Special Issue, co-organized by the University of Pisa, Italy and Østfold University College in Norway, has collected nine papers and the editorial, from 28 submitted, with authors from Asia, North America and Europe. The published articles provide an overview of the most recent research advances in direct current (DC) and hybrid microgrids, exploiting the opportunities offered by the use of renewable energy sources, battery energy storage systems, power converters, innovative control and energy management strategies.
    Keywords: energy management strategy (EMS) ; distributed generator (DG) ; state of charge (SoC) ; circuit breaker (CB) ; standard test condition (STC) ; photovoltaic (PV) ; solar ; microgrid ; droop control ; patrol base ; islanded DC microgrid ; battery-only operation ; constant power load ; CPL ; floating DC bus ; stability criterion ; power management ; AC/DC distribution network ; distributed generator ; planning ; timing characteristics ; genetic-ant colony hybrid algorithm ; forest microgrid ; biomass energy ; operation mode-based sectional coordinated control ; hybrid energy storage ; predictive control ; inertia improvement ; unbalanced electric bridge ; DC insulation monitoring ; ground capacitance ; three-point climbing algorithm ; islanding detection ; DC grid ; active islanding detection method ; injected signal cancellation ; multi-distributed generations ; perturbation signal ; photovoltaic system ; direct current (DC) microgrid ; stability ; constant power loads ; large transmission line inductive ; simplified circuit model ; virtual negative inductance ; micro-grid ; hybrid micro-grid ; smart grid ; battery energy storage ; renewable energy sources (RES) ; hybrid vehicles (HEV) ; full-electric vehicles (EV) ; Bidirectional converters ; direct current (DC) grid ; hybrid microgrid ; bidirectional converters ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: The 15th Estuarine and Coastal Modeling Conference provides a venue for commercial, academic, and government scientists and engineers from around the world to present and discuss the latest results and techniques in applied estuarine and coastal modeling. Prospective authors are invited to submit papers on a wide range of topic areas, including:• Pollutant Transport and Water Quality Prediction• Coastal Response to Climate Change• Modeling Techniques and Sensitivity Studies• Model Assessment• Modeling Specific Estuarine and Coastal Systems• Visualization and Analysis• Wave and Sediment Transport Modeling• Modeling of Chemicals and Floatables• Oil Spill Transport and Fate Modeling• Inverse Methods• Circulation Modeling• Facility Siting and CSO Studies• Data Assimilation• Nowcast/Forecast Modeling Systems• Modeling Systems with Strong Buoyancy Forcing• Modeling of Coupled Systems• Risk Analysis (Nuclear Reactors, Flood Forecasting)
    Keywords: G1-922 ; Q1-390 ; water level ; stratification ; Chatham Sound ; wave hindcast ; water level time series ; marine construction ; storm surge ; VDatum ; NARR ; estuarine modeling ; ecosystem simulation ; CFSR ; Sandusky Bay ; hydrodynamic modeling ; river discharge ; tidal datums ; British Columbia ; geospatial data visualization ; ocean modeling ; operational forecast ; numerical model ; initial dilution zone ; Puget Sound ; anthropogenic impact ; Finite Volume Community Ocean Model ; Salish Sea ; hydrodynamic numerical model ; compound events ; sea level rise ; marine ; Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) ; CE-QUAL-W2 ; CICE ; temperature ; barotropic ; statistical interpolation ; unstructured grid ; wind-driven current ; Salish Sea model ; wave energy ; ADCIRC ; sediment transport ; breakwater ; biophysical modeling ; model calibration ; harbor ; Great Lakes ; multi-level nested-grid modeling ; property-carrying particle model ; spatially varying uncertainty (SVU) ; FVCOM ; phytoplankton ; MIKE21SW ; baroclinic ; tidal currents ; climate change ; operational nowcast and forecast system ; tidal constituent database ; spatially varying uncertainty ; momentum balance ; coastal ocean modeling ; eutrophication ; Hood Canal ; flooding ; coupled models ; environmental assessment ; water quality ; nearshore restoration ; SWAN ; Texas ; H3D ; coastal storm ; floating bridge ; wind forcing ; tidal current ; lateral circulation ; zone of influence ; ADvanced CIRCulation model (ADCIRC) ; non-tidal zones ; agriculture ; sediment model ; short-lived radioisotopes ; coastal and estuarine modeling ; Eastern North Pacific Ocean (ENPAC) ; Gulf of Mexico ; cloud computing ; feasibility assessments ; internal tides ; ice modeling ; salinity ; north-east Gulf of Mexico ; data analysis ; Brown Passage ; WaveWatch III ; marine grid population ; channel deepening ; hydrodynamics ; large-wave hindcast ; western Louisiana ; tides ; estuary ; algal growth kinetics ; circulation ; salt wedge ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The majority of carbon stored in the soils of the world is stored in forests. The refractory nature of some portions of forest soil organic matter also provides the slow, gradual release of organic nitrogen and phosphorus to sustain long term forest productivity. Contemporary and future disturbances, such as climatic warming, deforestation, short rotation sylviculture, the invasion of exotic species, and fire, all place strains on the integrity of this homeostatic system of C, N, and P cycling. On the other hand, the CO2 fertilization effect may partially offset losses of soil organic matter, but many have questioned the ability of N and P stocks to sustain the CO2 fertilization effect.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; SD1-669.5 ; polyphenols ; aluminum accumulator ; near natural forest management ; chloroform fumigation extraction ; soil structure ; soil enzymes ; manure pelleting ; microbial biomass ; Oxisol ; biolability ; soil nutrients ; second production cycle ; PLFA ; pyrolysis ; Eucalyptus sp. ; Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation ; carbon ; the Three Gorges Reservoir ; revegetation ; carbon distribution index ; climate change ; seasons ; annual increment average ; topography ; humic substances ; litter N ; soil fertility ; climate zone ; nutrient cycling ; Daxing’an Mountains ; carbon mineralization ; nitrification ; 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P NMR) ; organic matter ; throughfall ; forest soil ; dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ; P species ; stoichiometric homeostasis ; dissolved organic matter (DOM) ; soil organic matter fraction ; variable-charge soils ; ammonium ; nitrate ; soil degradation ; soil P fractions ; seasonal trends ; ammonia-oxidizing bacteria ; nitrogen dynamics ; net primary productivity ; soil microbial communities ; beech forests ; soil pH ; wood volume ; temperature ; northern temperate ; multilevel models ; Pinus massoniana plantation ; ammonia-oxidizing archaea ; P stock ; stand density ; P resorption efficiency ; forest types ; soil greenhouse gas flux ; enzyme activities ; soil N ; alpine forest ; moisture gradient ; climate ; climatic factors ; soil available phosphorus ; microbial activity ; soil available nitrogen ; leaf N:P ratio ; stemflow ; Chamaecyparis forest ; charcoal ; gross nitrogen transformations ; principal component analyses ; information review ; manuring ; stand age ; tree-DOM ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Dear Colleagues,All types of biomass, and their waste, comprised one the pillars of the preindustrial,pre-fossil fuel, agriculture-based economies of the past. Traditionalpractices of biomass waste management were applied, but not necessarily in asophisticated and efficient way, and included everything from agricultural activitiesto food production, animal feed, natural fiber separation, and processingof forest wood. The modern bioeconomy sector, however, includes new circulareconomy energy and materials streams of added-value products, such asgaseous, liquid and solid biofuels and bioenergy generation routes, and biocharproduction, along with all the previously mentioned traditional products emergingfrom the bioeconomy.This Special Issue includes some of the latest bioenergy and biochar advancementsand their incorporation into a bioeconomy in transition. It focuses onnature, properties, upgrading, and bioenergy generation processes from all typesof biomass waste and biochars originating from biomass waste. The multidisciplinarityof bioenergy and biochar research is evident throughout the SpecialIssue, highlighting the highly variable and tunable processes involved inbiomass handling, pre-processing, converting to biochar, and recovering energy.Dr. Dimitrios KalderisGuest EditorDr. Vasiliki Skoulouco-Guest Editor
    Keywords: ethanol ; lignocellulosic biomass ; life cycle assessment ; GHG emissions ; political incentives ; economic performance ; amino acid wastes ; biofuels ; microbial lipids ; Rhodosporidium toruloides ; two-stage culture ; fixed bed ; pyrolysis yield ; temperature ; coconut shell ; characterization ; SEM ; Mitigation of CO2-equiv. ; nutrient release ; rice paddy water and soil system ; slow-release fertilizer ; coconut wastes ; bioenergy resource ; pollutant emissions ; calorific value ; biocharing ; microalgae ; anaerobic digestion ; biogas ; respirometric reactors ; APSIM sugarcane model ; energy potential ; marginal land ; sensitivity analysis ; hydrochar ; hydrothermal carbonization ; CiteSpace ; scientometric analysis ; artificial neural network ; fly ash ; biomass combustion ; fluidized bed boilers ; acute phytotoxicity test ; mineral fertilizer ; BCR sequential extraction ; metal speciation ; starch ; biochar ; coffee waste ; polycaprolactone ; bioplastics ; biodegradation ; fermentable sugar ; enzymatic hydrolysis ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The exposure of animals to environmental stresses (restraint, bad housing conditions, irradiation, pollution, diseases, and heat stress) and endogenous stresses (metabolic and physiological disorders) can seriously disrupt the redox homeostasis, leading to impairments in animals’ health and overall performance. Under these circumstances, the self-antioxidant defense system may not be enough to neutralize ROS effects. In this context, the utilization of an exogenous source of antioxidants, mainly dietary sources, may present an effective and cost-effective solution. There are a plethora of substances, either naturally occurring or synthesized (organic acids, minerals, vitamins, hormones, and specific feed additives originating from plants such as essential oils and polyphenols), known for their antioxidant activity, that can be used to maintain adequate redox status in animals in order to preserve their well-being and/or productivity. This area of research still needs more investigations in order to clearly elucidate the effective antioxidant substances that could be used in practical applications, with an emphasis on their biological mechanisms during different physiological conditions and health statuses. We intend to bring together current research concerning the role of antioxidant substances either from natural sources or those synthesized for improving animal production, reproduction, health, and welfare.
    Keywords: antinutrient ; enzyme ; fermentation ; fiber ; gut health ; microbiota ; meta-analysis ; poultry ; prebiotic ; antioxidants ; growth ; heat stress ; rabbit ; selenium ; spirulina ; zinc ; broiler ; dietary protein level ; phytogenic feed additive ; growth performance ; immune response ; exercise ; endurance ; undenatured type II collagen ; anti-inflammatory ; cardiac injury markers ; oxidative stress ; histopathology ; Bcl-2 ; Bax ; TGF-β1 ; date palm (pollen extract) ; doxorubicin ; nitrocompounds ; nitropropanol ; nitroethanol ; biochemical parameters ; oregano essential oil ; temperature ; sea bass ; cornelian cherry extract ; glucose transporter ; gene expression ; oxidative biomarker ; chicken ; cyclic heat stress ; Spirulina platensis ; redox status ; serum metabolites ; blood hematology ; meat quality ; fipronil ; boswellic acid ; PCNA ; semen ; fertility-related markers ; Oreochromis niloticus ; antioxidant ; hematology ; nitric oxide ; lysozyme ; copper toxicity ; vitamin C ; vitamin E ; hematological parameters ; phytogenic ; phenols ; antimicrobial activity ; immunity ; phenolic antioxidant ; olive oil ; caprine ; spermatozoa ; Bayesian inference ; Duroc breed boars ; biochemistry ; blood parameters ; feeding time ; correlation coefficients ; Turraea fischeri ; polyphenolics ; semen cryopreservation ; sperm ultrastructure ; antioxidant biomarker ; apoptosis ; nano particles ; performance ; blood ; pathogens ; quails ; carcass traits ; blood biochemical constituents ; abdominal fat color ; meat fatty acid profile ; liver histology ; broilers ; Eimeria tenella ; broiler chickens ; oocyst shedding ; volatile fatty acids ; feed efficiency ; cecal health ; active yeast ; antioxidant status ; nutrient density ; trace element ; laying hen performance ; high temperature ; inflammation ; cryopreservation ; tannin ; polyphenols ; semen additives ; carcass ; fructooligosaccharide ; haemato-biochemical parameters ; cecal microbiota ; propolis ; bee pollen ; productive performance ; fertility ; Holstein ; folic acid ; pregnancy ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The MEET Special Issue aims at showing the gains in geothermal energy that can be achieved using a variety of techniques, depending on the geological setting of the underground. Among the list of exploitation concepts, enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) are particularly interesting, as their application is much less dependent of the underground setting, allowing, in turn, a large geographical deployment and market penetration in Europe. The challenges of EGS are multiple in terms of investment costs, the testing of novel reservoir exploitation approaches with an inherent risk of induced seismicity, and the presence of aggressive geothermal brines, damaging infrastructures. The conversion of oil wells or coproduction of heat or electricity together with oil is also addressed. This Special Issue summarizes the output of the H2020 MEET project based on laboratory experiments, geological field works on high-quality analogues, advanced reservoir modeling, the development of a decision-maker tool for investors and specific demonstration activities, such as chemical stimulation or the innovative monitoring of deep geothermal wells, and the production of electrical power via small-scale binary technology tested in various geological contexts in Europe.
    Keywords: Soultz-Sous-Forêts ; geothermal site ; heat exchanger ; scales ; sulfates ; sulfides ; As and Sb-bearing galena ; crystal growth ; crystal shapes ; fracture network ; Death Valley ; Noble Hills ; power law distribution ; multiscale analysis ; geothermal reservoir characterization ; Noble Hills granite ; Owlshead Mountains granite ; metamorphic grade ; fluid/rock interactions ; newly formed minerals ; element variations ; geothermal reservoir ; deep geothermal energy ; EGS ; Variscan fold-and-thrust belt ; district heating and cooling ; economic indicators ; CO2 abatement cost ; sensitivity analysis ; fracturing processes ; fluid circulation ; granite alteration ; low to moderate regional strain ; blind geothermal system ; compositional anomalies ; hierarchical clustering ; self-organizing maps ; unconventional reservoirs ; geothermal ; OVSP ; well seismic data ; fault ; fracture ; geothermal derisking ; FWI ; numerical modelling ; inversion ; imaging ; permeability ; fluid–rock interactions ; slate ; temperature ; time-dependent ; pressure solution ; dissolution ; Soultz-sous-Forêts ; hydro-thermal modeling ; conversion ; clustering ; upscaling ; heat ; electricity ; scenarios ; LCOE ; LCOH ; NPV ; CO2 emissions ; Upper Rhine Graben ; geothermal brine ; scaling ; metal sulfides ; thermodynamic ; kinetics ; oil ; corrosion ; geology ; stress ; fluid pressure ; Mohr diagrams ; fracturing ; greywackes ; slates ; deep geothermal reservoir ; structural model ; thermo-hydraulic simulations ; MEET H2020 project ; fracture network variability ; granite ; spacing distribution ; fracture intensity P10 ; well placement ; CO2-EGS ; water-EGS ; discrete fracture networks ; THM modeling ; enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) ; fractured granite ; core flooding experiments ; autoclave experiments ; Cornubian Batholith ; Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) ; Variscan rocks ; quartzite ; claystone ; graywacke ; gouge ; fracture transmissivity ; effective stress ; United Downs ; hydraulic stimulation ; equivalent permeability field ; exposed analogue ; enhanced geothermal system ; fractures ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In recent years, we have seen a growing interest in various aspects of approximation theory. This happened due to the increasing complexity of mathematical models that require computer calculations and the development of the theoretical foundations of the approximation theory. Approximation theory has broad and important applications in many areas of mathematics, including functional analysis, differential equations, dynamical systems theory, mathematical physics, control theory, probability theory and mathematical statistics, and others. Approximation theory is also of great practical importance, as approximate methods and estimation of approximation errors are used in physics, economics, chemistry, signal theory, neural networks and many other areas. This book presents the works published in the Special Issue "Approximation Theory and Related Applications". The research of the world’s leading scientists presented in this book reflect new trends in approximation theory and related topics.
    Keywords: generalized Caputo proportional fractional derivative ; stability ; exponential stability ; Mittag–Leffler stability ; quadratic Lyapunov functions ; Hopfield neural networks ; fixed point ; partial metric space ; modular space ; partial modular space ; weakly compatible mappings ; C-class function ; Volterra integral equation ; statistical convergence ; quasi-statistical convergence ; asymptotic density ; quasi-density ; the matrix summability method ; Riemann and Lebesgue integrals ; statistical Riemann and Lebesgue integral ; deferred weighted Riemann summability ; Banach space ; Bernstein polynomials ; positive linear operators ; Korovkin-type approximation theorems ; Lebesgue-measurable sequences of functions ; Weyl-Nagy classes ; generalized Abel-Poisson integral ; asymptotic equality ; Kolmogorov–Nikol’skii problem ; uniform metric ; BMO ; degenerate Beltrami equations ; asymptotic homogeneity at infinity ; conformality by Belinskii and by Lavrent’iev ; hydromechanics ; fluid mechanics ; parabolic system ; optimal control ; averaging method ; approximate solution ; reverse Hardy’s inequality ; dynamic inequality ; time scale ; Fuzzy Modus Ponens ; Fuzzy Modus Tollens ; reasoning algorithm ; intuitionistic fuzzy sets ; interval-valued fuzzy sets ; confluent hypergeometric function of several variables ; recurrence relations ; branched continued fraction ; approximant ; uniform convergence ; symmetric polynomial on a Banach space ; continuous polynomial on a Banach space ; algebraic basis ; Lebesgue-Rohlin space ; symbolic regression ; Mean Square Error ; Pearson Correlation Coefficient ; oscillations in solutions ; dynamic system criteria ; waste gasification ; Occam’s Razor ; nonparametric estimation ; pointwise error ; local Hölder space ; wavelet ; set of multisets ; topological rings ; supersymmetric polynomials ; symmetric bases ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: In the Earth sciences, a transition is currently occurring in multiple fields towards an integrated Earth system approach, with applications including numerical weather prediction, hydrological forecasting, climate impact studies, ocean dynamics estimation and monitoring, and carbon cycle monitoring. These approaches rely on coupled modeling techniques using Earth system models that account for an increased level of complexity of the processes and interactions between atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and terrestrial surfaces. A crucial component of Earth system approaches is the development of coupled data assimilation of satellite observations to ensure consistent initialization at the interface between the different subsystems. Going towards strongly coupled data assimilation involving all Earth system components is a subject of active research. A lot of progress is being made in the ocean–atmosphere domain, but also over land. As atmospheric models now tend to address subkilometric scales, assimilating high spatial resolution satellite data in the land surface models used in atmospheric models is critical. This evolution is also challenging for hydrological modeling. This book gathers papers reporting research on various aspects of coupled data assimilation in Earth system models. It includes contributions presenting recent progress in ocean–atmosphere, land–atmosphere, and soil–vegetation data assimilation.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; land data assimilation system ; land data assimilation ; rainfall-runoff simulation ; 4D-Var data assimilation ; total water storage ; accuracy ; ocean–atmosphere assimilation ; precipitation ; Earth system models ; numerical weather prediction ; fluorescence ; GRACE ; MCA analysis ; weakly coupled data assimilation ; GPM IMERG ; atmospheric models ; rainfall correction ; remote sensing ; microwave remote sensing ; SMAP ; land surface modeling ; bending angle ; floods soil moisture ; vegetation ; GPSRO ; WRF ; merged CMORPH ; land surface model ; temperature ; 4D-Var ; data assimilation ; data-driven methods ; GSI ; radio occultation data ; rainfall ; soil moisture ; sea level anomaly ; total cloud cover ; land surface models ; Mediterranean basin ; interpolation ; sea surface height ; drought ; TRMM 3B42 ; analog data assimilation ; ocean models ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: This book is a compendium of scientific articles submitted to a Special Issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences, fostered by MDPI and curated by Dr. Annamaria Sandomenico and Dr. Menotti Ruvo from the Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging of the National Research Council. All articles underwent a rigorous peer review and were selected to highlight the properties that make monoclonal antibodies and their functional fragments some of the most useful and versatile assets in therapy and diagnosis.
    Keywords: porcine deltacoronavirus ; nucleocapsid ; monoclonal antibodies ; neurodegenerative disorders ; affibody molecules ; blood–brain barrier ; receptor-mediated transcytosis ; transferrin receptor ; AL amyloidosis ; CD38 ; anti-CD38 MoAb ; Daratumumab ; Isatuximab ; myeloma ; BCMA ; bispecific T-cell engager ; antibody-drug conjugates ; chimeric antigen receptor T-cells ; belantamab mafodotin ; idecabtagene vicleucel ; JNJ-68284528 ; Mabs ; Antibody-Drug Conjugate ; cancer therapy ; drug targeting ; payload ; cross-linking ; antibody fragment ; Fab ; scFv ; E. coli ; YKL-40 ; CHI3L1 ; monoclonal antibody ; phage display ; lung metastasis ; prostate-specific membrane antigen ; in vivo imaging ; prostate cancer ; glutamate carboxypeptidase II ; NAALADase ; immunization ; antibody ; protocol ; guinea pig ; cDNA ; chimeric antigen receptor (CAR T) ; universal CAR T ; modular CAR T ; universal immune receptor ; CAR adaptor ; adoptive immunotherapy ; split CAR ; bispecific ; polyspecificity ; pharmacokinetics ; solubility ; aggregation ; viscosity ; developability ; stability ; affinity ; specificity ; protein engineering ; self-association ; non-specific binding ; immunogenicity ; antibody fragments ; single chain ; amyloid ; oligomer ; neurotoxicity ; NUsc1 ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The advancements in research related to heat transfer has gathered much attention in recent decades following the quest for efficient thermal systems, interdisciplinary studies involving heat transfer, and energy research. Heat transfer, a fundamental transport phenomenon, has been considered one of the critical aspects for the development and advancement of many modern applications, including cooling, thermal systems which contain symmetry analysis, energy conservation and storage, and symmetry-preserving discretization of heat transfer in a complex turbulent flow. The objective of this book is to present recent advances, as well as up-to-date progress in all areas of heat transfer in engineering and its influence on emerging technologies.
    Keywords: heat generation ; internal short ; lithium-ion ; nail penetration ; temperature ; thermal abuse ; adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system ; artificial neural network ; current ; power ; thermal efficiency ; thermoelectric generator system ; waste heat recovery ; efficiency ; power generation ; thermal stress ; thermoelectric module ; cooling and heating mode ; heat pump ; high-pressure chiller ; light-duty commercial electric vehicle ; system performance ; truncated twisted tape ; secondary flow ; laminar convective heat transfer ; performance evaluation criterion ; CFD ; heat exchanger ; cooling ; Lorentz force ; magnetohydrodynamics ; microchannel ; MHD pump ; thermoelectric system ; real-time polymerase chain reaction ; battery ; heating performance ; HVAC ; parallel ; serial ; economic ; energy saving ; hot water ; internal combustion engine ; waste heat ; heat transfer characteristics ; hybrid nanofluid ; performance evaluation criteria ; single particle nanofluid ; uniformly heated tube ; Bejan number ; microplate heat exchanger ; particle shape ; performance index ; thermodynamic analysis ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: The purpose of this Special Issue is to celebrate 25 years of “World Wetlands Day”. There is no other ecosystem that has its very own Ramsar Convention or such a challenge impacting ecosystem sustainability. Papers for this Special Issue provide an overview of wetland status and function within different regions of the world. The papers in this Special Issue of Land consist of three review papers, ten research articles and one perspective paper. Edward Maltby’s review paper provides us with an overview of the paradigm shift of how we value and assess wetlands over time. Ballut-Dajud et al. provide us with a worldwide perspective on factors affecting wetland loss. Finally, Jan Vymazal provides us with a historical overview of the development of water quality treatment wetlands in Europe and North America. The research papers can be grouped into four groups: 1) use of remote sensing to analyze stability and dynamic factors affecting wetlands; 2) factors affecting the wetlands’ ability to store carbon; 3) assessment of wetlands effect on water quality; and 4) understanding historical use and value of wetlands, farmer’s attitudes about wetland management, and how we can value wetland ecosystem services. Finally, Bryzek et al. remind us that, as wetland researchers and managers, we should minimize damage to wetlands even through field monitoring work.
    Keywords: cyanobacteria ; phosphorus ; restoration ecology ; water quality ; wetland ; wetland soil ; microbial respiration ; CO2 efflux ; Everglades ; enzyme activity ; grazing ; created wetlands ; freshwater marshes ; carbon cycling ; wetlands ecosystems ; moral norms ; self-identity ; theory of planned behavior ; sustainability ; Poyang Lake ; ecosystem service value ; lakeshore zone ; Landsat ; remote sensing ; spatial–temporal changes ; human activities ; ghost forest ; forested wetland ; aboveground biomass ; soil carbon ; carbon dating ; constructed wetlands ; macrophytes ; pollution ; wastewater ; wetlands ; colonization ; nature-culture relationship ; perceptual typology ; coastal wetlands ; tidal flat reclamation ; stability ; impact ; Jiangsu coastal area ; anthropogenic activities ; climate change ; terrestrial ecosystems ; environmental impacts ; greenhouse gases ; cleaning ; efficacy ; ethics ; researcher impacts ; wetland decontamination ; wetland management history ; Ramsar convention ; wise use ; wetland assessment methods ; wetland valuation ; wetlands paradigm shift ; ecosystem approach ; wholescapes ; sustainable development ; World Charter for wetlands ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The papers included in this Special Issue tackle multiple aspects of how cities, districts, and buildings could evolve along with climate change and how this would impact our way of conceiving and applying design criteria, policies, and urban plans. Despite the multidisciplinary nature of the collection, some transversal take-home messages emerge: • Today’s energy-efficient paradigms may lose their virtuosity in the future unless accurate estimates of future scenarios are used to design modelling platforms and to inform legislative frameworks; • Acting at the local scale is key. Future climate change adaptation will be implemented at the local level. Overlooking regional and local specificities will contribute to inaccurate and inefficient action plans. As such, the smaller scale will become vital in predicting future urban metabolic rates and corresponding comfort-driven strategies; • Energy poverty, heat vulnerability, and social injustice are emerging as critical factors for planning and acting for future-proof cities on par of micro- and meso-climatological factors; • Given that the impacts of climate change will persist for many years, adaptation to this phenomenon should be prioritized by removing any prominent barrier and by enabling combinations of different mitigation technologies. These topics will receive a global reach in few decades, since also developing and underdeveloped countries are starting their fight against local climate change, with cities at the forefront.
    Keywords: outdoor space ; thermal environment ; radiation environment ; wind environment ; heat-related mortality ; built environment ; urban resilience ; extreme heat ; climate change ; urban heat island ; heat stress from outside ; indoor environments ; tropics ; multi-level office buildings ; coastal cities ; Mediterranean climate ; urban heat island intensity ; sample year ; climate change adaptation ; barriers ; focus group discussion ; Tehran ; structural equation modeling ; urban management ; near-zero energy buildings ; future scenarios ; energy efficiency ; adaptive comfort ; long-term performance ; urban heat ; Australia ; UHI effect ; mitigation ; bushfire smoke ; indoor air quality ; filtration ; building envelope ; energy ; future weather data ; building energy performance ; thermal comfort ; statistical downscaling of climate models ; dynamical downscaling of climate models ; urban modelling ; cities ; buildings ; decarbonization ; urbanisation ; climate ; densification ; population ; temperature ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This volume contains a series of papers prepared for presentation at the 14th International Coral Reef Symposium, originally planned for July 2020 in Bremen, Germany, but postponed until 2021 (online) and 2022 (in person) because of the COVID-19 pandemic. It contains a series of papers illustrating the breadth of modern studies on coral reefs and the response of the reef science community to the threats that coral reefs now face, above all from climate change. The first group of papers focus on the biology of a selection of reef organisms, ranging from sea fans to coral dwelling crabs. The next group describe studies of coral communities and ecological interactions in regions as diverse as Florida, Kenya, Colombia, and Norway. Further papers describe investigations into the effects of global warming (in the Maldives and in Timor-Leste) and of other impacts (UV blockers, ocean acidification). The final two papers describe the latest applications of satellite and camera technology to the challenge of mapping and monitoring reefs.
    Keywords: coral reefs ; cox1 ; H3 ; crustacea ; molecular systematics ; morphotypes ; Cassiopea xamachana ; C. frondosa ; Scyphozoan ; planulae ; settlement ; metamorphosis ; oxybenzone ; Gnathiidae ; Isopoda ; climate change ; ocean warming ; coral bleaching ; Great Barrier Reef ; Coral Triangle ; marine biomineralization ; inorganic mineralization ; ocean acidification (OA) ; omega ; dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) ; extracellular calcifying fluid (ECF) ; Maldives ; Indian Ocean ; El Niño ; mass coral bleaching ; coral mortality ; benthic cover ; satellite ; superspectral ; VHR ; topobathymetry ; LULC ; SUSC ; Moorea Island ; long-term mortality series ; population dynamics ; mass mortality ; octocorals ; habitat forming species ; extinction ; survival ; equilibrium points ; symbiodiniaceae ; zoantharians ; Trinidad coral reefs ; zooxanthellate ; biogeography ; Jaffna Peninsula ; coral mortality index ; DNA barcoding ; phylogeny ; biodiversity ; conservation ; ocean acidification ; carbonate chemistry dynamics ; biogeochemical dynamics ; in situ monitoring ; natural variability of environmental conditions ; Lophelia pertusa ; structural complexity ; coral reef ; Caribbean ; overfishing ; parrotfish ; Seaflower Biosphere Reserve ; reef ecology ; reef fish ; structure associations ; artificial structures ; symbiotic algae ; dinoflagellates ; Madagascar ; symbiosis ; coral reef ecosystem ; coral reef resilience ; global warming ; indicator species ; coral reef monitoring ; reef health ; review ; hyperspectral imaging ; marine optics ; ENSO ; temperature ; stable isotope ; coral disease ; coral health ; nutrients ; Indonesian ThroughFlow ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The recovery of solid waste is a challenge and an opportunity for companies, thanks to the ongoing awareness of sustainability and technological advances. The end-of-waste criteria constitute a European strategic goal that promotes recycling in order to ensure a high level of environmental protection by means of reducing the quantity of waste destined for disposal. This Special Issue promotes the knowledge regarding technological methods for solid waste recovery. Articles investigate innovative processing methods with the goal of valorizing solid waste from different civil and industrial activities. Topics includes studies on construction and building, mining, plastics, and WEEE, referring to the treatment techniques used and, where appropriate, the critical raw materials that can be valorized. The recovery processes of critical raw materials can be very energy-intensive, affecting environmental and soil factors. Case studies on sustainable, low-carbon and resource-efficient techniques for the purpose of a more competitive economy were also very welcomed. The environmental impact and safety measures, especially for dangerous waste, should be taken into account in the description of their processing and management.
    Keywords: cathode ray tube ; lead recovery ; lead leaching and electrodeposition ; environmental assessment ; phosphate cements ; calcined dolomite ; quartz sand ; calcined magnesite ; temperature ; K-struvite ; industrial waste ; chromium ; high-performance concrete ; ultra-high-performance concrete ; fibers ; mechanical strength ; alkali-activated cement ; geopolymers ; building materials ; PET ; compressive strength ; water absorption ; WPCBs dismantling ; metals dissolution ; copper recovery ; economic assessment ; process modeling and simulation ; low-temperature processing ; WEEE (waste of electric and electronic equipment) recycling ; materials separation ; process characterization ; SEM/EDS ; torrefaction ; solid fuel ; waste to carbon ; circular economy ; biodegradable materials ; calorific value ; methane fermentation ; biogas ; biomethane ; biochar ; pyrolysis ; hydrothermal carbonization ; biochemical methane potential ; biogas production kinetics ; industrial wastes ; arc furnace slag ; ceramic sludge ; β-wollastonite ; parawollastonite ; porous ceramics ; waste management ; sustainability development ; apple pomace ; active compounds ; extraction ; renewable energy ; anticorrosion agents ; biopolymers ; PCB ; recycling ; metal recovery ; mechanical pre-treatment ; production waste ; rock wool ; glass wool ; loss on ignition ; pollutants washout ; geopolymer ; waste slurry ; flocculation ; solidification ; pipe jacking ; air flow rate ; composting ; municipal solid waste ; monitoring ; optimization ; spatial distributions ; crystallization ; glass–ceramics ; diopside ; anorthite ; by-pass cement ; aluminum dross ; thermodynamic analysis ; kinetics ; hemp stalk ; bio-insulating material ; sustainability ; sound absorbing properties ; thermal absorption properties ; green composite material ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Electric power systems are headed for a true changing of the guard, due to the urgent need for achieving sustainable energy delivery. Fortunately, the development of new technologies is driving the transition of power systems toward a carbon-free paradigm while maintaining the current standards of quality, efficiency, and resilience. The introduction of HVDC and FACTS in the 20th century, taking advantage of dramatic improvements in power electronics and control, gave rise to unprecedented levels of flexibility and speed of response in comparison with traditional electromechanical devices. This flexibility is nowadays required more than ever in order to solve a puzzle with pieces that do not always fit perfectly. This Special Issue aims to address the role that FACTS and HVDC systems can play in helping electric power systems face the challenges of the near future.
    Keywords: VSC-HVDC ; unbalanced grid conditions ; double frequency ripples ; power compensation ; passive-based control ; disturbance observer ; dynamic capacitor ; inductive unbalanced load ; reactive power compensation ; imbalance suppression ; compensation ability ; HVDC transmission ; hybrid multi-terminal HVDC ; LCC ; MTDC ; power system analysis ; VSC ; breakers ; hybrid DC circuit breaker ; fault current limiters ; non-superconducting fault current limiters ; current-limiting inductors ; voltage source converter ; FACTS ; grid services ; CHIL ; PHIL ; lab testing ; field testing ; standards ; STATCOM ; replica ; review ; korean power system ; subsynchronous resonance (SSR) ; synchronous voltage reversal (SVR) ; thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) ; test signal method ; virtual synchronous machine ; synchronous power controller ; power quality ; harmonics ; hybrid power quality compensation system ; the thyristor-controlled L and C-type filter (TCL-CTF) ; ancillary services ; HVDC systems ; loss management ; frequency control ; voltage and reactive power control ; black start ; congestion management ; distribution networks ; hybrid AC/DC networks ; power systems ; high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission ; HVDC systems based on voltage source converters (VSC-HVDC) ; multi-terminal ; transient stability ; control strategies ; communication latency ; power oscillations ; UPFC ; non-linear control ; neural network ; model reference control ; High voltage direct current (HVDC) ; continuous commutation failures ; DC blocking ; emergency power support ; stability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Derivatization is one of the most widely used sample pretreatment techniques in Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Analysis. Reagent-based or reagent-less schemes offer improved detectability of target compounds, modification of the chromatographic properties and/or the stabilization of sensitive compounds until analysis. Either coupled with separation techniques or as a “stand alone” analytical procedure, derivatization offers endless possibilities in all aspects of analytical applications.
    Keywords: tyrosine kinase inhibitors ; chloranilic acid ; charge-transfer reaction ; 96-microwell spectrophotometric assay ; high-throughput pharmaceutical analysis ; biogenic amines ; Lycium barbarum L. ; HPLC ; derivatization ; amino acids ; esterification ; GC–MS ; pentafluoropropionic anhydride ; stability ; toluene ; pigment ; linseed oil ; derivatisation ; quantification ; P/S ratio ; A/P ratio ; ∑D ; GC-MS ; ureide ; BSTFA ; creatine ; creatinine ; silylation ; TMS ; validation ; low-molecular-weight thiols ; human serum albumin ; α-lipoic acid ; blood plasma ; monobromobimane ; reduction ; sodium borohydride ; high-performance liquid chromatography ; fluorescence detection ; taurine ; glutamine ; clams ; high-resolution mass spectrometry ; nerve agents ; methylation ; chemical warfare agents ; sarin ; Novichoks ; 2-naphthalenethiol ; sulforaphane ; HPLC-UV/Vis ; pharmacokinetics ; acetonitrile-related adducts ; acetylenic lipids ; double and triple bond localization ; in-source derivatization ; mass spectrometry ; acetazolamide ; carbonic anhydrase ; enhancement ; inhibition ; pentafluorobenzyl bromide ; chiral metabolomics ; rice water ; d-amino acids ; enantiomer separation ; dimethyl labeling ; homocysteine thiolactone ; homocysteine ; zone fluidics ; o-phthalaldehyde ; fluorosurfactant-modified gold nanoparticles ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In recent years, entropy has been used as a measure of the degree of chaos in dynamical systems. Thus, it is important to study entropy in nonlinear systems. Moreover, there has been increasing interest in the last few years regarding the novel classification of nonlinear dynamical systems including two kinds of attractors: self-excited attractors and hidden attractors. The localization of self-excited attractors by applying a standard computational procedure is straightforward. In systems with hidden attractors, however, a specific computational procedure must be developed, since equilibrium points do not help in the localization of hidden attractors. Some examples of this kind of system are chaotic dynamical systems with no equilibrium points; with only stable equilibria, curves of equilibria, and surfaces of equilibria; and with non-hyperbolic equilibria. There is evidence that hidden attractors play a vital role in various fields ranging from phase-locked loops, oscillators, describing convective fluid motion, drilling systems, information theory, cryptography, and multilevel DC/DC converters. This Special Issue is a collection of the latest scientific trends on the advanced topics of dynamics, entropy, fractional order calculus, and applications in complex systems with self-excited attractors and hidden attractors.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; S-Box algorithm ; empirical mode decomposition ; service game ; existence ; hyperchaotic system ; static memory ; complex-variable chaotic system ; neural network ; fractional-order ; permutation entropy ; adaptive approximator-based control ; BOPS ; Bogdanov Map ; complex systems ; Thurston’s algorithm ; parameter estimation ; fractional discrete chaos ; full state hybrid projective synchronization ; self-excited attractor ; stability ; PRNG ; inverse full state hybrid projective synchronization ; entropy measure ; chaos ; chaotic flow ; multistable ; core entropy ; multiscale multivariate entropy ; multistability ; new chaotic system ; strange attractors ; chaotic systems ; spatial dynamics ; spectral entropy ; resonator ; stochastic (strong) entropy solution ; multichannel supply chain ; Hubbard tree ; approximate entropy ; circuit design ; coexistence ; sample entropy ; chaotic maps ; chaotic map ; Gaussian mixture model ; entropy ; laser ; Non-equilibrium four-dimensional chaotic system ; multiple attractors ; projective synchronization ; hidden attractors ; hidden attractor ; chaotic system ; entropy analysis ; self-excited attractors ; multiple-valued ; self-reproducing system ; implementation ; unknown complex parameters ; optimization methods ; image encryption ; generalized synchronization ; uncertain dynamics ; fractional order ; nonlinear transport equation ; external rays ; Lyapunov exponents ; inverse generalized synchronization ; fixed point ; uniqueness ; electronic circuit realization ; synchronization ; Hopf bifurcation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Water is a vital element for life and the environment. Water pollution has been documented as a contributor to a wide range of health problems. In recent years, the water quality levels have suffered great deterioration because of rapid social and economic development and because it is used to “dump” a wide range of pollutants.This book entitled “Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment” contains featured research papers dealing with recent developments and advances in all aspects related to membranes for water and wastewater treatment: membrane processes, combined processes (including one membrane step), modified membranes, new materials, and the possibility to reduce fouling and to improve the efficiency of enhanced processes. The papers compiled in this Special Issue can be read as a response to the current needs and challenges in membrane development for water and wastewater treatment.Half of the research articles correspond to concrete and practical applications of the use of membrane processes in different fields of the industry, with the aim of treating and conditioning water and wastewater. The studies reveal the treatment of industrial streams, mining, recycled paper industry, olive mill, urban wastewater, etc. Another important percentage of studies are related to membrane modification processes, with the aim of obtaining new materials with better performance in the separation processes, thus describing the use of membranes modified with chitosan, nanoparticles, and other organic compounds. This field also includes studies related to fouling and its modeling.
    Keywords: aquaporin ; forward osmosis (FO) ; membrane ; scaling ; calcium ; post-treatment ; nanofiltration ; calcium-carboxyl intra-bridging ; water purification ; desalination ; ultrafiltration ; membrane fouling ; fouling model ; surface water ; coagulation ; backwash ; polyamide membrane ; carbon nitride ; seawater desalination ; mixed matrix membranes ; thin film composite ; diffusion dialysis ; anion exchange membrane ; acid recovery ; paper mill treated effluent ; optimization ; fouling ; DoE ; Taguchi method ; fouling development model ; filtration law ; pore blocking ; multiple linear regression ; statistical test ; WWTP ; renovation and upgrading ; ultrafiltration membrane ; net present value ; biofouling ; polyethersulfone ; chlorine ; membrane modification ; low-fouling surface ; anaerobic membrane bioreactor ; temperature ; membrane fouling behavior ; sludge flocs characteristics ; soluble microbial product ; extracellular polymeric substance ; DSPM model ; heavy metals ; total volume membrane charge density ; ceramic membrane ; membrane surface modification ; antifouling ; hydrophilicity ; mussel-inspired ; protein ; sulfonic cation-exchange membrane ; hydration number ; pulsed field gradient NMR ; diffusion coefficient ; ionic conductivity ; membrane module modeling ; calcium sulfate precipitation risk ; ionic rejection coefficients ; quorum sensing ; acyl homoserine lactone ; olive mill wastewater ; membrane separation process ; microfiltration ; reverse osmosis ; water recovery ; chitosan ; water content ; water permeability ; alkali treatment ; characterization ; dyes ; molecular structure ; physico-chemical properties ; filter water bag ; Dioscorea hispida ; starch ; forward osmosis membrane ; glutaraldehyde ; emergency ; cobalt(II) ; supported liquid membranes ; ultrasound ; D2EHPA ; counter-transport ; transport parameters ; modeling ; thiocyanate ; wastewater treatment ; process design ; antibiotics ; antibiotic resistance genes ; viral genomes ; wastewater effluents ; occurrence ; pilot-scale treatment ; selective separation ; ion-exchange resin ; wafer-enhanced electrodeionization ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The sensory properties of foods are the most important reason people eat the foods they eat. What those properties are and how we best measure those properties are critical to understanding food and eating behavior. Appearance, flavor, texture, and even the sounds of food can impart a desire to eat or cause us to dismiss the food as unappetizing, stale, or even inappropriate from a cultural standpoint. This Special Issue focuses on how sensory properties are measured, the specific sensory properties of various foods, and consumer behavior related to which properties might be most important in certain situations and how consumers use sensory attributes to make decisions about what they will eat. This Special Issue contains both research papers and review articles.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; mayonnaise ; Choquet integral ; multi-attribute time-intensity (MATI) data ; foods ; fuzzy measure ; specialty food ; monosodium glutamate (MSG) ; food label ; plant breeding ; consumer test ; perception ; multi-criteria decision-making ; interaction indices ; multicollinearity ; unique food products ; sensory thresholds ; natural ; quality control ; Shapley value ; processing ; thermosensing ; willingness to pay ; esophageal cancer ; cross-cultural affective test ; carryover effects ; Prunus dulcis ; hot beverages ; sensory acceptability ; mixed models ; chicken soup ; sensory bias ; product development ; temperature ; methodological study ; relative importance of attributes to liking ; product improvement ; nonlinear models ; consumer ; lexicon ; descriptive sensory analysis ; emulsification ; ingredient ; hydroSOStainable products ; temporal drivers of liking (TDOL) ; texture ; MSG substitutes ; functional data analysis ; food ; ethnic food ; descriptive analysis ; LMG statistic ; shelf life ; sensory evaluation ; sensory ; coffee ; fruit chews ; descriptive ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: In recent research on natural processes, mathematical modeling has become a very useful tool. It is often the case that, in fields such as economics and biology, a temporal lag between cause and effect must often be taken into consideration. In modeling, a natural and practical implementation of this phenomenon is through the use of distributed delays. This is because they illustrate the situation where temporal lags arise in certain ranges of values for certain related probability distributions, taking into account the variables’ entire history of behavior. Another mathematical tool that allows for the memory and inherited properties of systems to be encompassed in a model is the replacement of integer-order derivatives with fractional derivatives. To address realistic conditions, stochastic perturbation framed by a stochastic differential delay system can be used to explain the ambiguity about the context in which the system operates. The present book comprises all the 16 articles accepted and published in the Special Issue “Advances in Differential Dynamical Systems with Applications to Economics and Biology” of the MDPI journal Mathematics, with focuses on the dynamical analysis of mathematical models, arising from economy and biology, and innovative developments in mathematical techniques for their applications. We expect that the international scientific community will find this collection of research papers influential and that they will spur additional investigations on diverse applications with respect to dynamical systems in all scientific areas.
    Keywords: dynamical systems ; time delay ; stability ; bifurcation analysis in economic and biological systems ; chaotic behaviors ; fractional order systems ; numerical methods ; economic modeling ; infection modeling ; epidemic spreading ; blood flow models ; optimal control ; reaction&ndash ; diffusion systems ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Aquatic ecosystems and the water they hold have attracted people over the centuries. With the technological development and increasing needs of human society, the attitude to water and aquatic ecosystems has changed. Consequently, biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems has declined dramatically and it is still decreasing. Anthropogenic exploitation of these ecosystems and alterations of their hydrology has largely influenced hydrology-shaped plant communities. This Special Issue, “Hydrology-Shaped Plant Communities: Diversity and Ecological Function” brings new outcomes about the interactions between hydrological factors and wide spectrum of plant communities. In ecosystems, where human activities directly or indirectly affected the hydrological factors, dependent plant communities have also changed or even disappeared. These plant communities have multiple ecological functions, and one of the most important are the maintenance of water quality and enhancement of local and regional diversity of other biotic communities like diatoms, invertebrates or fish. Thus, detailed knowledge and suitable management of hydrology-shaped plant communities is a prerequisite for their unconstrained ecological functions and high diversity of aquatic ecosystems in the widest sense. The Special Issue consists of ten peer-reviewed papers on plant communities in a variety of ecosystems - from the small kettle-holes in the lowlands of northern Germany to the river Danube - the largest river within the European Union, and from different wetland types in Central Europe to the Donggting Lake – fourth largest lake in China.
    Keywords: spatial-temporal dynamics ; aquatic vegetation ; water level fluctuation ; Longgan lake ; Google Earth Engine ; Phragmites australis ; water level fluctuations ; temperature ; morphometric parameters ; biomass allocation ; oospores ; gyrogonites ; Baltic Sea ; wave exposure ; charophyte stands ; seafloor topography ; salinity gradient ; plant communities ; habitat ; meadow ; Pannonian Plain ; Trifolion pallidi ; vegetation ; carbon stocks ; hardwood floodplain forest ; hydrological conditions ; floodplain ecology ; ponds ; small wetlands ; macrophytes ; changes in the water surface ; hydrological variability ; succession ; climate change ; unmanned aerial system ; Danube ; large river ; neophytes ; distribution ; growth forms ; rivers ; streams ; Slovenia ; chromosome number ; climatic niche ; distribution trends ; ecological niche ; fishpond habitats ; genome size ; genetic diversity ; Isoëto-Nanojuncetea ; soil seed bank ; species diversity ; automatic sensor system ; Central Europe ; fish farming ; freshwater algae ; epiphytic diatoms ; functional species groups ; threatened species ; vascular plants ; wave action ; wetland vegetation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: This book is a collection of research articles and review articles, which was published in the Special Issue "Advanced Magnetic Nanocomposites: Structural, Physical Properties and Application". This book ‘‘Advanced Magnetic Nanocomposites: Structural, Physical Properties and Application’’ discussed recent development on advanced magnetic nanoparticles and nanocomposites with detailed explanation of structural and physical characteristics, and further possible potential application.
    Keywords: Fe-Al ; antiphase boundaries ; magnetism ; ab initio ; stability ; disorder ; magnetic hybrid nanocomposites ; nanoparticles ; magnetic properties ; mechanical properties ; spark plasma sintering ; spinel ferrite ; nanocomposites ; electromagnetic interference shielding ; magnetic loss ; dielectric loss ; laccase ; immobilization ; thiolated chitosan ; super-magnetic nanosupports for enzyme immobilization ; ampicillin ; Direct Red 80 ; hydrogel ; Fe2O3 and Al2O3 nanoparticles ; gel-based composites ; cells ; biocompatibility ; sonochemical synthesis ; polymer hydrogel ; self-healing ; magnetic gel ; actuator ; copper ferrite ; sol-gel ; aerogels ; xerogels ; magnetic hyperthermia ; arterial embolization hyperthermia ; magnetic nanoparticles ; embolic agents ; animal model ; clinical application (results) ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The fluid flow in fracture porous media plays a significant role in the assessment of deep underground reservoirs, such as through CO2 sequestration, enhanced oil recovery, and geothermal energy development. Many methods have been employed—from laboratory experimentation to theoretical analysis and numerical simulations—and allowed for many useful conclusions. This Special Issue aims to report on the current advances related to this topic. This collection of 58 papers represents a wide variety of topics, including on granite permeability investigation, grouting, coal mining, roadway, and concrete, to name but a few. We sincerely hope that the papers published in this Special Issue will be an invaluable resource for our readers.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; deformation feature ; minerals ; microstructure ; mixing ; permeability ; gas concentration ; water–rock interaction ; loose gangue backfill material ; unified pipe-network method ; fracture ; roof-cutting resistance ; crack ; similar-material ; movable fluid ; gob-side entry retaining (GER) ; rock-soil mechanics ; bed separation ; orthogonal tests ; charge separation ; water soaked height ; fluid flow in reclaimed soil ; laboratory experiment ; longwall mining ; grading broken gangue ; MIP ; elastic modulus ; effective stress ; permeability coefficient ; mixer ; naturally fracture ; SEM ; microstructure characteristics ; artificial joint rock ; fractured rock ; strata movement ; conservative solute ; particle velocity ; dry-wet cycles ; hydraulic fractures ; numerical calculation ; mechanical behaviors ; normalized conductivity-influence function ; fractured porous rock mass ; PPCZ ; segmented grouting ; non-aqueous phase liquid ; intelligent torque rheometer ; numerical analysis ; temperature ; unsaturated soil ; uniaxial compressive strength ; mine shaft ; coalbed methane (CBM) ; nonlinear flow in fractured porous media ; similar simulation ; forecasting ; tight sandstones ; oriented perforation ; hydro-mechanical coupling ; constant normal stiffness conditions ; cohesive soils ; layered progressive grouting ; chemical grouts ; grain size of sand ; Darcy’s law ; soft coal masses ; hydro-power ; cyclic heating and cooling ; cohesive element method ; cement-based paste discharge ; tectonically deformed coal ; split grouting ; fault water inrush ; filtration effects ; T-stress ; particle flow modeling ; new cementitious material ; strength ; stabilization ; fractured porous medium ; brine concentration ; initial water contained in sand ; XRD ; fracture criteria ; hydraulic conductivity ; roadway deformation ; backfill mining ; adsorption/desorption properties ; pore pressure ; roughness ; cement–silicate grout ; compressive stress ; discrete element method ; dynamic characteristics ; strain-based percolation model ; thermal-hydrological-chemical interactions ; pore distribution characteristics ; transversely isotropic rocks ; nitric acid modification ; disaster-causing mechanism ; CH4 seepage ; crack distribution characteristics ; micro-CT ; relief excavation ; Darcy flow ; hydraulic fracturing ; mixed-form formulation ; propagation ; scanning electron microscope (SEM) images ; propagation pattern ; consolidation process ; rheological deformation ; gas adsorption ; soft filling medium ; ground pressure ; orthogonal ratio test ; rock fracture ; coal seams ; high-steep slope ; interface ; orthogonal test ; stress interference ; physical and mechanical parameters ; fracture propagation ; fluid–solid coupling theory ; coupling model ; surface characteristics ; numerical manifold method ; gas ; lignite ; water inrush prevention ; coupled THM model ; hard and thick magmatic rocks ; Ordos Basin ; porosity ; damage mechanics ; seepage ; degradation mechanism ; high temperature ; visualization system ; bentonite-sand mixtures ; contamination ; conductivity-influence function ; water-rock interaction ; deterioration ; seepage pressure ; glutenite ; adhesion efficiency ; mechanical behavior transition ; bedding plane orientation ; n/a ; enhanced gas recovery ; debris-resisting barriers ; reinforcement mechanism ; on-site monitoring ; geophysical prospecting ; cyclic wetting-drying ; scoops3D ; semi-analytical solution ; enhanced permeability ; management period ; seepage control ; deformation ; Yellow River Embankment ; impeded drainage boundary ; rheological test ; circular closed reservoir ; grout penetration ; viscoelastic fluid ; coal-like material ; paste-like slurry ; floor failure depth ; supercritical CO2 ; gravel ; numerical model ; fractal ; gas-bearing coal ; shear-flow coupled test ; rheological limit strain ; CO2 flooding ; flotation ; goaf ; slope stability ; damage ; coal and gas outburst ; hydraulic fracture ; anisotropy ; high-order ; effluents ; FLAC ; limestone roof ; sandstone ; TG/DTG ; Xinjiang ; two-phase flow ; model experiment ; coal particle ; volumetric strain ; failure mode ; land reclamation ; sandstone and mudstone particles ; contiguous seams ; CO2 geological storage ; numerical simulation ; geogrid ; stress relief ; optimum proportioning ; roadside backfill body (RBB) ; pervious concrete ; mudstone ; hydraulic fracture network ; grouted sand ; fractal pore characteristics ; refraction law ; segmented rheological model ; ductile failure ; heterogeneity ; flow law ; fracture closure ; coal measures sandstone ; tight sandstone gas reservoirs ; gob behaviors ; water-dripping roadway ; creep characteristics ; internal erosion ; warning levels of fault water inrush ; hydraulic aperture ; bolt support ; discontinuous natural fracture ; microscopic morphology ; critical hydraulic gradient ; mixed mode fracture resistance ; differential settlement ; alternate strata ; finite element method ; crushing ratio ; chloride ; glauberite cavern for storing oil &amp ; macroscopic mechanical behaviors ; collision angle ; adsorption performance ; failure mechanism ; mechanical properties ; transmissivity ; damage evolution ; gas fracturing ; multitude parameters ; deviatoric stress ; Jiaohe ; coal ; soil properties ; acoustic emission ; pore structure ; grouting experiment ; concrete ; confining pressures ; green mining ; gas drainage ; fluid viscosity ; compression deformation ; Unsaturation ; adsorption–desorption ; seepage-creep ; constitutive model ; soil particle size ; Pseudo Steady-State (PPS) constant ; soil–structure interface ; debris flow ; fracture grouting ; initial settlement position ; regression equation ; electrical potential ; secondary fracture ; surrounding rock ; solid backfill coal mining ; time variation ; excess pore-pressures ; finite-conductivity fracture ; permeability characteristics ; rainfall-unstable soil coupling mechanism(R-USCM) ; shaft lining ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint features 12 research articles that contribute to the research on lubricated bearings. The articles focus on the latest steps in understanding bearing operating behavior, its interaction with lubricants, and its role as a component in the drive train. In addition to the description of novel modeling approaches, a variety of experimental data are presented to provide interesting identification results as well as validation data for the research and engineering community.
    Keywords: journal bearing ; rotor stability ; floating ring bearing ; lobe bearing ; wave bearing ; lemon bearing ; Hopf bifurcation ; sliding bearings ; tilting pad journal bearings ; flow transition ; laminar flow ; turbulent flow ; non-laminar regime ; temperature reduction ; load capacity increase ; tilting-pad journal bearing ; pad deformation ; heat transfer ; trailing edge groove ; CFD ; power loss ; run-up simulation ; semi-floating ring bearing ; thrust bearing ; two-phase flow cavitation ; oil-whirl and oil-whip ; aerostatic bearings ; compensation ; infinite stiffness ; diaphragm valve ; design ; acoustic ; computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ; lubrication ; roughness ; planet gear bearing ; misalignment ; mixed friction ; wear ; wind turbine gearbox ; structure deformation ; metal-polymer plain bearings ; PA6-based polyamide composites ; dispersed glass and carbon fibers ; temperature ; Young’s modulus ; maximum contact pressures and resource ; boundary and dry friction ; lithium grease ; graphene ; load-carrying capacity ; wear scar ; infrared thermography ; vibration analysis ; damping ratio ; wettability ; lubrification ; oleophilicity ; hydrophobicity ; laser surface texturing ; experimental investigation ; lubrication method ; flooded bearing design ; non-flooded bearing design ; spray-bar ; leading edge groove ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: This addresses current advances and challenges in fisheries and aquaculture science. Exposure of larval fish to elevated temperatures during embryological development may induce craniofacial and morphological alterations, which are suggested possible impacts of global warming. Molecular markers shed new light on the ontogenetic migration of stream fishes. Fast growth rates, early age at maturity, moderate fecundity, and diverse diet explain the potential for introduced fishes to dominate fish communities in their native and introduced range. Taking videos of marine benthic habitats supports low-impact, real-time monitoring of species occurrence. Among heavily fished species, almost half had outdated demographic assessments that would benefit from the integration of data from fisheries sources and improved collaboration among fishery stakeholders and managers. The continued growth of aquaculture will depend upon developing feeds that improve the growth, oxidative status, and immune response of fed cultured organisms. New aquaculture feedstuffs might be derived from plants or microbes, and new additives would include ghrelins and dietary symbiotics. The effects of these constituents on survival, growth, gut histomorphology, immune response were assessed for cultured freshwater and marine species. The results provide suggestions for advances in aquafeeds for the species studied and for cultured fishes more generally. The scientific advances realized with the use of new tools provide the basis for addressing global challenges to fisheries, aquaculture and for ongoing scientific research.
    Keywords: Aurantiochytrium sp. ; docosahexaenoic acid ; histology ; Oreochromis niloticus ; physiology ; temperature ; underwater video ; ichthyofauna ; seagrass bed ; macroalgae soft substrate ; perireefal ; synbiotic ; acidifier ; organic salt ; humoral immune response ; antioxidant enzymes ; digestive enzymes ; disease resistance ; fishing importance ; FAO ; IUCN Red List ; RAM Legacy ; overfishing ; sustainability ; aquaculture feeds ; plant byproducts ; enzymatic pretreatment ; skeletal development ; ossification ; morphological alterations ; bullhead ; black bullhead ; ameiurus ; Ameiurus melas ; life history ; growth ; reproductive potential ; fecundity ; maturity ; sex ratio ; conservation planning ; dispersal ; genetic markers ; mating system ; parentage analysis ; visual tags ; aquaculture ; ghrelin ; gilthead sea bream ; growth hormone secretagogue ; feed intake ; metabolism ; welfare ; alternative ingredients ; gut digesta ; gut histomorphology ; gut mucosa ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNA Primary industries::KNAF Fisheries & related industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: The present reprint contains 33 articles accepted and published in the Special Issue entitled “Advancement of Mathematical Methods in Feature Representation Learning for Artificial Intelligence, Data Mining and Robotics, 2022” in the MDPI journal, Mathematics, which covers a wide range of topics connected to the theory and applications of feature representation learning for image processing, artificial intelligence, data mining and robotics. These topics include, among others, elements from image blurring, image aesthetic quality assessment, pedestrian detection, visual tracking, vehicle re-identification, face recognition, 3D reconstruction, the stability of switched systems, domain adaption, deep reinforcement, sentiment analysis, graph convolutional networks, knowledge graphs, geometric metric learning, etc. It is hoped that this reprint will be interesting and useful for those working in the area of image processing, computer vision, machine learning, natural language processing and robotics, as well as for those with backgrounds in machine learning who are willing to become familiar with recent advancements in artificial intelligence, which, today, is present in almost all aspects of human life and activities.
    Keywords: head detection ; YoloV4 ; NMS ; soft-NMS ; people counting ; vehicle re-identification ; license plate recognition ; video surveillance ; feature extraction ; pedestrian detection ; machine learning ; end-to-end ; anchor-free ; feature reuse ; correlation filters ; second-order fitting ; visual tracking ; DCNN-BiLSTM ; domain adaptation ; MMD ; fine-tuning ; C-MAPSS ; cross-working ; small sample ; blind image deblurring ; image prior ; sparse channel ; sparsity ; multi-output ; kNN ; metric learning ; cost-weighted ; geometric mean metric ; motion deblurring ; image super-resolution ; multi-order attention ; gated learning ; decoupling ; face recognition ; second-order gradient ; image gradient orientations ; collaborative-representation-based classification ; image aesthetic assessment ; semi-supervised learning ; label propagation ; deep learning ; computer vision ; garbage quantity identification ; YOLOX ; Soft-NMS ; stability ; switched system ; state-dependent switching ; time delay ; multi-source domain adaptation ; Dempster–Shafer evidence theory ; cross-domain classification ; 3D reconstruction ; multi-view stereo ; structure from motion ; background matting ; adversarial example ; feature transformation ; black-box attack ; ensemble attack ; deep neural network ; intelligent design ; data analysis ; models and algorithms ; extension theory ; scheme design ; adversarial learning ; adversarial equilibrium ; transferability quantification ; power load forecasting ; routing, modulation and spectrum assignment ; elastic optical networks ; deep reinforcement learning ; knowledge distillation ; aspect-based sentiment analysis ; graph neural networks ; dependency trees ; dependency types ; graph attention mechanism ; syntactic ; semantic ; vehicle color recognition ; low–high level joint task ; object detection ; joint semantic learning ; rainy image recovery ; XSS attack ; traffic detection ; payloads ; fusion verification ; hypergraph matching ; similarity metric ; information-theoretic metric learning ; mixed noise removal ; matrix nuclear norm ; logarithm norm ; ADMM ; plug-and-play ; aspect-level sentiment classification ; external knowledge ; KGE ; GCN ; discriminative feature learning ; multidimensional scaling ; fuzzy k-means ; pairwise constraint propagation ; iterative majorization algorithm ; Aspect Level Sentiment Classification ; Contrasitve Learning ; Graph Convolutional Networks ; graph convolutional networks ; commonsense knowledge graph ; anomaly detection ; cyber–physical ; industrial control systems ; image classification ; large-margin technique ; robustness ; anti-noise performance ; cross-domain sentiment classification ; word embedding ; GAT ; hate speech detection ; contrastive learning ; multi-task learning ; attention mechanism ; state reconstruction ; gait adjustment ; uncertain temporal knowledge graph ; temporal knowledge graph ; knowledge graph embedding ; confidence score ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The business model concept has gained a prominent position both in academia and among practitioners during the past 30+ years. The aim of this Special Issue of Systems is to contribute to a stronger theoretical basis for the business model concept. This includes a focus on the systemic character of business models and the systems approaches that this entails. Another important aspect is to allocate more attention to innovations of business models. The business models that emerged with e-commerce and e-business as such were in themselves innovations. However, innovations of business models have received too little attention. Most of the business models analyzed and discussed in the business model literature have been rather static instead of dynamic. This is the reason why this Special Issue of Systems, entitled ‘Business Model—the Perspective of Systems Thinking and Innovation’, has been developed.
    Keywords: digital business models ; digital economy ; network effects ; digital business model innovation ; digital innovation ; systems thinking ; Rich Picture ; complexity ; Netflix ; port supply chain ; blockchain ; smart contract ; probabilistic model checking ; luxury hotel ; COVID-19 ; marketing ; human resource ; efficiency ; TRIZ ; decision making ; social commerce ; e-commerce ; social media ; business model ; network steam ; business model innovation ; blitz canvas ; process-driven business models ; business model canvas ; lean startups ; adaptability ; ecological fitness ; entropy ; environment ; growth ; stability ; start-ups ; survival ; synchronous ; sustainability ; system design thinking ; system innovation ; designer ; open system approach ; product innovation ; attention allocation ; strategic attentions ; external information sources ; absorptive capacity ; organizational learning ; service design ; digital technology ; experience innovation ; cultural heritage ; supply chain system ; data sharing ; access control ; system verification ; supply chain ; data ownership ; data asset trading ; block chain ; demand-side economies of scope ; economies of scale ; Big Tech corporations ; business models ; system dynamics ; agriculture value chain ; farmers behavior ; fresh products production ; incumbents ; innovation management ; exploration ; renewal ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: This book is a Printed Edition of the Special Issue that covers research on symmetric and asymmetric data that occur in real-life problems. We invited authors to submit their theoretical or experimental research to present engineering and economic problem solution models that deal with symmetry or asymmetry of different data types. The Special Issue gained interest in the research community and received many submissions. After rigorous scientific evaluation by editors and reviewers, seventeen papers were accepted and published. The authors proposed different solution models, mainly covering uncertain data in multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problems as complex tools to balance the symmetry between goals, risks, and constraints to cope with the complicated problems in engineering or management. Therefore, we invite researchers interested in the topics to read the papers provided in the book.
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation (CRITIC) ; combined compromise solution (CoCoSo) ; gray values ; temporary hospital ; location selection ; ARAS ; interval-valued triangular fuzzy numbers ; e-learning courses ; MCDM ; neutrosophic sets ; quadripartitioned bipolar neutrosophic sets ; similarity measure ; decision making ; multiple-criteria decision-making ; neutrosophic ; single-valued neutrosophic sets ; TOPSIS ; Hamming distance ; Euclidean distance ; e-commerce development strategies ; Symmetry ; bibliometric analysis ; Web of Science ; co-citation ; burst detection analysis ; supply chain ; DANP-mV model ; performance analysis ; asymmetric underactuated ; rehabilitation ; robotic exoskeleton ; symmetric and asymmetric trajectory ; Bowden cable ; video processing data ; EOQ ; Wilson’s formulation ; lot size ; reordering time ; visual analogue scales (VAS) ; criteria weighting ; matrix question ; survey ; WASPAS-SVNS ; entropy ; direct rating ; rehabilitation device ; electromyogram ; symmetry ; window parameters ; feature extraction ; pattern recognition ; sensitivity analysis ; reliability ; failure probability ; quantile ; civil engineering ; limit states ; mathematical model ; uncertainty ; cost overrun ; construction project ; fuzzy sets ; earned value management (EVM) ; artificial neural networks (ANNs) ; multiple regression analysis ; road industry ; buckling ; safety ; superquantile ; subquantile ; aerial imagery ; lossy compression ; qualitative evaluation ; WASPAS ; neutrosophic set ; Analytic Hierarchy Process ; fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process ; symmetric and asymmetric fuzzy numbers ; stability ; landscape ; micro factor ; macro factor ; real estate market ; Big Data analysis ; Big Data ; land price ; R and Python ; land Big Data ; symmetric data ; asymmetric data ; solution models ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Contamination of foods and agricultural commodities by various types of toxigenic fungi is a concerning issue for human and animal health. Moulds naturally present in foods can produce mycotoxins and contaminate foodstuffs under favourable conditions of temperature, relative humidity, pH, and nutrient availability. Mycotoxins are, in general, stable molecules that are difficult to remove from foods once they have been produced. Therefore, the prevention of mycotoxin contamination is one of the main goals of the agriculture and food industries. Chemical control or decontamination techniques may be quite efficient; however, the more sustainable and restricted use of fungicides, the lack of efficiency in some foods, and the consumer demand for chemical-residue-free foods require new approaches to control this hazard. Therefore, food safety demands continued research efforts for exploring new strategies to reduce mycotoxin contamination. This Special Issue contains original contributions and reviews that advance the knowledge about the most current promising approaches to minimize mycotoxin contamination, including biological control agents, phytochemical antifungal compounds, enzyme detoxification, and the use of novel technologies.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RA1190-1270 ; n/a ; decontamination ; superheated steam ; quercetin glycosides ; antagonism ; mode of action ; corn ; Botrytis sp. ; AITC ; binding ; degradation ; brine shrimp bioassay ; apple pomace ; nanoparticles ; enzymatic detoxification ; Bacillus ; estrogen response element ; Fusarium ; biological detoxification ; abiotic factors ; stability ; fumonisin esterase FumD ; mycotoxigenic fungi ; Aspergillus flavus ; Aflatoxin M1 ; Fusarium graminearum ; milk ; Penicillium digitatum ; biocontrol agents ; biological control ; dry-cured ham ; mycotoxin reduction ; Fusarium sp. ; enzyme kinetics ; Penicillium nordicum ; Satureja montana ; roasted coffee ; fermentation ; crisp biscuit ; detoxification ; essential oils ; gene expression ; probiotics ; zearalenone ; mycotoxins ; degradation products ; Geothrichum citri-aurantii ; garlic-derived extracts ; Zearalenone ; biodegradation ; EU limits ; storage ; Origanum virens ; aflatoxin ; fungal growth reduction ; green chemistry ; Penicillium italicum ; deoxynivalenol ; ?-Fe2O3 ; ochratoxin A (OTA) ; wheat ; cell-free extracts of Aspergillus oryzae ; photocatalysis ; wheat quality ; post-harvest phytopathogen ; cold plasma ; pinnatifidanoside D ; ochratoxin A ; oats ; cell proliferation ; estrogen receptor ; Penicillium verrucosum ; pig production performance ; phloridzin ; maize ; biotransformation ; fumonisin ; fungi ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book focuses on the prediction of antioxidant peptides and the improvement of the aqueous solubility, chemical stability, bioactivity, and release properties of natural antioxidants through enzymatic glycosylation and encapsulation technology. The rational design and construction of delivery systems are effective for the application of antioxidants in the industry. Special attention in this book is given to inorganic nanoparticles, biopolymer-based particulate systems, prediction in antioxidant activity of peptides, evaluation of encapsulation and delivery performance, and application in commercial products.
    Keywords: microencapsulation ; cyclodextrin ; vine shoots ; food waste ; Vitis vinifera L. ; polyphenols ; stilbenoids ; mass spectrometry ; Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ; Scanning Electron Microscopy ; release kinetics ; superparamagnetism ; stationary magnetic field ; alternating magnetic fields ; magnetic nanoparticles ; quercetin ; hollow zein particle ; chitosan ; pectin ; coating ; fish protein hydrolysate ; yogurt ; physicochemical properties ; antioxidant activity ; antihypertensive activity ; glycation ; flavonoids ; onion skins ; antioxidant activities ; mangiferin ; maltogenic amylase ; glycosylation ; glucoside ; Parageobacillus galactosidasius ; Spirulina platensis ; bioactive peptides ; encapsulation ; liposomes ; chitosome ; antioxidant peptide ; amino acid residues ; hazelnut ; BIOPEP database ; DFT calculation ; ascorbic acid ; bioactivity ; stability ; delivery ; application ; selenium nanoparticles ; Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide ; antioxidant ; tamarillo extract ; yoghurts ; cubosome ; in vitro digestion ; protein ; resveratrol ; loading ; oxidability ; lemon essential oil ; nanoemulsions ; ultrasonication ; response surface methodology ; hydroxytyrosol-chitosan nanoparticles ; injectable hydrogel ; anti-inflammatory ; anti-oxidative ; osteoarthritis ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The aging population and the increased prevalence of neurological diseases have raised the issue of gait and balance disorders as a major public concern worldwide. Indeed, gait and balance disorders are responsible for a high healthcare and economic burden on society, thus, requiring new solutions to prevent harmful consequences. Recently, wearable sensors have provided new challenges and opportunities to address this issue through innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Accordingly, the book “Wearable Sensors in the Evaluation of Gait and Balance in Neurological Disorders” collects the most up-to-date information about the objective evaluation of gait and balance disorders, by means of wearable biosensors, in patients with various types of neurological diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and cerebellar ataxia. By adopting wearable technologies, the sixteen original research articles and reviews included in this book offer an updated overview of the most recent approaches for the objective evaluation of gait and balance disorders.
    Keywords: inertial measurement units ; gait analysis ; biomedical signal processing ; pattern recognition ; step detection ; physiological signals ; Parkinson’s disease ; pathological gait ; turning analysis ; wearable sensors ; mobile gait analysis ; wearables ; inertial sensors ; traumatic brain injury ; dynamic balance ; gait disorders ; gait patterns ; head injury ; gait symmetry ; gait smoothness ; acceleration ; machine learning ; classification ; accelerometer ; GAITRite ; multi-regression normalization ; SVM ; random forest classifier ; balance ; gait ; transcranial direct current stimulation ; wearable electronics ; IMUs ; cueing ; posture ; rehabilitation ; cerebellar ataxia ; movement analysis ; personalized medicine ; stroke ; asymmetry ; trunk ; reliability ; validity ; aging ; reactive postural responses ; yaw perturbation ; kinematics ; postural stability ; dynamic posturography ; multiple sclerosis ; gait metrics ; test-retest reliability ; sampling frequency ; accelerometry ; autocorrelation ; harmonic ratio ; six-minute walk ; back school ; inertial sensor ; lower back pain ; stability ; timed up and go test ; gait assessment ; tri-axial accelerometer ; CV ; healthy subjects ; test-retest ; trajectory reconstruction ; stride segmentation ; dynamic time warping ; pedestrian dead-reckoning ; near falls ; loss of balance ; pre-impact fall detection ; activities of daily life ; bio-signals ; EEG ; EMG ; wireless sensors ; posturography ; Alzheimer’s disease ; vestibular syndrome ; diagnosis ; symptoms monitoring ; wearable ; home-monitoring ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of this topic, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of materials testing in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in elements and structures using destructive, semidestructive, and nondestructive testing.
    Keywords: timber structures ; estimating mechanical parameters ; small clear specimens ; non-destructive tests ; semi-destructive tests ; resistance drilling ; ultrasonic wave ; stress wave ; visual grading ; concrete ; NDT ; finite element method ; experiment ; automated inspection ; frequency domain ; validation ; sulfate attack ; physical and mechanical properties ; damage model ; microstructure ; external thermal insulation systems ; mechanical properties of bonds ; polyurethane adhesive ; timber frame building ; bond strength ; shear properties ; residual magnetic field ; Barkhausen noise ; LCR circuits ; plastic deformation ; austenitic steel ; steel fibre-reinforced concrete ; steel fibres ; waste sand properties ; reinforced beam ; shear cracking ; shear capacity ; non-destructive testing ; damage detection ; vibrations ; modal analysis ; continuous wavelet transform ; concrete beam ; strengthening ; adhesive joint ; debonding ; S355 steel ; uniaxial tensile test ; strength properties ; true stress-strain relationships ; confining pressure ; expansive clay ; fiber ; flexible wall permeameter ; hydraulic conductivity ; lime ; rigid wall permeameter ; concrete corrosion ; concrete protection ; steel corrosion ; concrete durability ; coating materials ; masonry structures ; autoclaved aerated concrete masonry units (AAC) ; compressive strength ; minor-destructive (MDT) techniques ; non-destructive (NDT) techniques ; ultrasonic testing ; acoustoelastic effect (AE) ; hydrostatic stresses ; modeling ; DIC technique ; ready-mixed concrete ; construction architecture material ; inter-laboratory comparisons (ILC) ; proficiency testing (PT) ; concrete quality assessment ; fracture mechanics ; ductile fracture ; material microstructure ; void growth ; FEM model ; material testing ; geodesic dome ; seismic response ; dynamic analysis ; seismic analysis ; high temperature ; fire temperature ; residual strength ; heat accumulation factor ; variational asymptotic method ; reduced-order plate model ; orthogrid-stiffened panel ; free-vibration analysis ; global buckling ; steel plates ; ultrasonic tomography ; base material ; rock ; post-installed anchors ; adhesive anchor ; mechanical anchor ; load-bearing capacity ; GSI ; RMR ; rebound value ; rebound hammer ; semi-flexible pavement ; fatigue resistance ; cracking mechanism ; fatigue prediction ; fracture surface ; cement–cellulose composites ; ventilated façade ; acoustic emission method ; frequencies of acoustic emission signals ; geosynthetic ; design ; pullout resistance ; effective length ; reinforced earth ; clay bricks ; cement lime mortar ; infill masonry wall ; destructive force ; self-stressed anti-washout concrete ; segment assembly ; undrained strengthening ; axial compression test ; mechanical properties ; CFRP grid ; PCM ; interface ; mechanical model ; pull-out test ; finite element analysis ; external walls ; thermal measurements ; R-value ; thermal resistance ; temperature-based method ; heat flow meter method ; infrared thermography method ; 3D textile composite ; equivalent model ; buckling analysis ; interlaboratory comparison (ILC) ; risk analysis ; measurements uncertainty (MU) ; ceramic tiles adhesive (CTA) ; assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) ; construction product ; market surveillance ; artificial weathering testing in civil engineering ; construction profiles ; natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites ; building performance assessment ; microstructure analysis ; stairs ; masonry ; clay brick ; arch ; vault ; management ; quality ; light detection and ranging (LiDAR) ; TLS ; low-temperature construction additive ; preparation method ; volumetric properties ; modification mechanism ; mixture performance ; bio-rejuvenated additive ; 100% rejuvenation ; reclaimed asphalt pavement ; regeneration mechanism ; pavement performance ; macro-strain mode ; medium- and small-span bridges ; wavelet transform ; cross-correlation function ; hygrothermal simulation ; capillary active internal insulation ; mould risk ; moisture effects ; subgrade ; static load test ; deformation modulus ; reliability ; fine-grain concrete ; bond ; industrial computed tomography ; numerical simulation ; xCT ; rectangular profile ; torsional stiffness ; stiffness increase ; research ; guided waves ; longitudinal wave ; discrete element method ; numerical modelling ; dispersion curves ; recycled aggregate concrete ; sustainable aggregate ; flexural strength ; gradient boosting ; random forest ; ventilated facades ; large-scale model ; fibre cement boards ; fire exposure ; Bayesian approach ; prestressing force ; saw-cut method ; assessment ; pre-tensioned members ; waste from enrichment of water-soluble ores ; artificially supported mining method ; backfill ; activation ; nanomodifier astralene ; ultimate compressive strength ; cement ; air-entraining admixture ; plasticizing ; porosity ; air-content ; strength ; freeze-thawing resistance ; storage systems ; looseness ; stiffness ; beam-end connection ; bending ; gap ; clearance ; plastic viscosity ; yield stress ; machine learning ; volcanic soil ; mechanical property ; strength index ; particle crushing ; road engineering ; pavement ; fatigue ; modules ; FEM ; light weight deflectometer ; solid fired brick ; defects in the internal structure ; resonant pulse method ; material durability ; drying of soil ; microwave heating ; soil structure ; computed microtomography ; water content ; buckling ; stability ; civil engineering ; slender bars ; columns ; numerical analysis ; variable cross-section ; waste glass ; recycling ; construction materials ; sustainable concrete ; steel fiber ; building material ; fibers ; mortar ; hybrid ; artificial neural networks ; fibre-cement boards ; acoustic emission ; SEM ; steel fibers ; steel fiber-reinforced concrete ; backfill mining ; loading rate ; cumulative ringing count ; damage constitutive model ; CFRP ; bond–slip law ; RC slab ; retrofit ; strengthen ; self-compacting concrete ; prediction models ; FRP ; continuous RC slab ; optimal design ; asphalt aging ; material property ; climate condition ; pavement structure ; field rut depth ; precast concrete products ; quality control ; OC curve ; AOQ curve ; shear wave velocity ; bender elements ; triaxial testing ; micromechanics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: The delicate balance of resource intensity and efficiency of a solution for a very complex problem raises the issue of how these aspects constitute a symmetrical or asymmetrical system. Computational Intelligence (CI) offers a plethora of efficient tools for the potential and rather good quality solution of highly complex, often mathematically intractable problems. This "toolbox" is one of the best examples for the study of the above mentioned issue, namely, how to find the best balance, how to establish a symmetry of weights or costs in a particular field, for a particular problem. This special issue presents a number of interesting novel applications of CI for the tackling of a wide variety of difficult problems. The Introduction gives a short insight into the symmetry and asymmetry aspect of the topic.
    Keywords: lung nodule segmentation ; 3D-UNet ; 3D-Res2UNet ; multi-scale features ; deep learning ; butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA) ; particle swarm optimization (PSO) ; cubic map ; nonlinear ; high dimension ; extensional fuzzy numbers ; MI-algebras ; similarity ; arithmetics of fuzzy numbers ; orderings ; fuzzy interpolation ; economic data ; air defense system ; artificial immune system ; command and control ; learning classifier system ; multi-agent systems ; weapon-target assignment ; energy optimization ; genetic algorithms ; multi-objective optimization ; artificial neural network simulator ; artificial intelligence ; artificial bee colony algorithm ; global optimization ; neural network ; nonlinear static system ; behavioural finance ; imprecision ; oriented fuzzy number ; oriented present value ; oriented return ; S-divergence ; S-distance ; spectral clustering ; text summarization ; recurrent neural network ; embedding ; dynamic memory network ; fuzzy-rough cognitive network ; fuzzy cognitive map ; granular computing ; fuzzy-rough sets ; stability ; convergence ; discrete bacterial memetic evolutionary algorithm ; simulated annealing ; flow shop scheduling problem ; global sensitivity analysis ; Sobol procedure ; fast algorithm ; convolutional neural network ; structure reduction ; pruning ; quality ; feature selection ; machine learning ; asexual ; genetic algorithm ; android malicious application detection ; bees algorithm ; training deep neural networks ; metaheuristics ; opinion mining ; recurrent neural networks ; sentiment classification ; natural language processing ; data augmentation ; fine-tuning ; generative models ; StyleGAN ; transfer learning ; present value ; discount factor ; portfolio ; finance ; optimization ; tourist trip design ; vehicle routing ; key performance indicator (KPI) ; anomaly detection ; variational auto-encoder (VAE) ; support vector data description (SVDD) ; FMEA ; Fuzzy Logic ; greenhouse gases ; blockchain ; difficulty adjustment ; proof-of-work ; ANN ; AlexNet ; COVID-19 ; TSA ; commonsense ; knowledge graph ; linguistic terms ; language models ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: With rapid developments being made in the exploration of marine resources, coastal geohazard and offshore geotechnics have attracted a great deal of attention from coastal geotechnical engineers, with significant progress being made in recent years. Due to the complicated nature of marine environmnets, there are numerous natural marine geohazard preset throughout the world’s marine areas, e.g., the South China Sea. In addition, damage to offshore infrastructure (e.g., monopiles, bridge piers, etc.) and their supporting installations (pipelines, power transmission cables, etc.) has occurred in the last decades. A better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms and soil behavior of the seabed in marine environments will help engineers in the design and planning processes of coastal geotechnical engineering projects. The purpose of this book is to present the recent advances made in the field of coastal geohazards and offshore geotechnics. The book will provide researchers with information reagrding the recent developments in the field, and possible future developments. The book is composed of eighteen papers, covering three main themes: (1) the mechanisms of fluid–seabed interactions and the instability associated with seabeds when they are under dynamic loading (papers 1–5); (2) evaluation of the stability of marine infrastructure, including pipelines (papers 6–8), piled foundation and bridge piers (papers 9–12), submarine tunnels (paper 13), and other supported foundations (paper 14); and (3) coastal geohazards, including submarine landslides and slope stability (papers 15–16) and other geohazard issues (papers 17–18). The editors hope that this book will functoin as a guide for researchers, scientists, and scholars, as well as practitioners of coastal and offshore engineering.
    Keywords: wave motion ; offshore deposits ; seabed response ; FEM ; pore pressure ; wave-current-seabed interaction ; RANS equations ; k-ε model ; current velocity ; seabed liquefaction ; liquefaction ; lateral displacement ; response surface method (RSM) ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; wave action ; silty sand ; seepage flow ; soil erosion ; pore-pressure accumulation ; three-phase soil model ; immersed tunnel ; trench ; numerical study ; porous seabed ; pumping well test ; groundwater fluctuation ; stratum deformation ; micro-confined aquifer ; wave–current–seabed interaction ; Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokesequations ; buried pipeline ; k-ε turbulence model ; oscillatory liquefaction ; wave-soil-pipeline interactions ; meshfree model ; local radial basis functions collocation method ; hydrate-bearing sediments ; damage statistical constitutive model ; multi-field coupling ; wellbore stability ; bridge scour ; identification ; ambient vibration ; field application ; natural frequency ; mode shape ; superstructure ; cable-stayed bridge ; Principal stress rotation ; dynamic loading ; wave (current)-induced soil response ; open-ended pile ; soil plug ; offshore wind turbines ; lateral cyclic loading ; model test ; discrete element simulation ; rock-socketed piles ; monopiles ; impedances ; dynamic responses ; buoyancy ; bottom-supported foundation ; field test ; numerical analysis ; giant submarine landslides ; shelf break ; South China Sea ; Himalayan orogeny ; repeated submarine landslides ; coastal-embankment slope ; stability ; unsaturated soil ; multilayered ; matric suction ; random searching algorithm ; rainfall infiltration ; scour ; soft clay ; monopile ; stress history ; hypoplastic model ; submarine pipeline ; dense seabed foundation ; seismic dynamics ; resonance of submarine pipeline ; FSSI-CAS 2D ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: What are the causes and consequences of species diversity in forested ecosystems, and how is this species diversity being affected by rapid environmental and climatic change, movement of invertebrate and vertebrate herbivores into new biogeographic regions, and expanding human populations and associated shifts in land-use patterns? In this book, we explore these questions for assemblages of forest trees, shrubs, and understory herbs at spatial scales ranging from small plots to large forest dynamics plots, at temporal scales ranging from seasons to centuries, in both temperate and tropical regions, and across rural-to-urban gradients in land use.
    Keywords: G1-922 ; Q1-390 ; gamma diversity ; tree species ; Climatic change ; individual species-area relationship ; woody species ; TILD ; trees ; Pseudotsuga menziesii ; windthrow ; precipitation ; species conservation ; spatial analysis ; codispersion analysis ; variation partitioning ; herbaceous perennial species ; northern hardwood forests ; climate change ; stand development ; potential habitats ; Smithsonian ForestGEO ; tree regeneration ; forest conversion ; Biodiversity Exploratories ; trunk breakage ; topography ; questionnaire survey ; mid-domain effect ; assemblage lineage diversity ; Salicaceae ; salvaging ; temperate forests ; Shannon diversity ; USDA Forest Service ; tree species diversity ; Bray-Curtis ; species-area relationship ; Ericaceae ; legacies ; Picea abies ; herbaceous layer ; spatial patterns ; mountains ; United States ; wind damage ; abundance ; Hubbard Brook ; elevational shifts ; uprooting ; species diversity ; evolutionary diversity ; Pinus sylvestris ; natural disturbance-based silviculture ; Vietnam ; diversity ; Maxent ; human footprint ; productivity ; China ; microarthropod ; phylogenetic diversity ; temperature ; household respondents ; succession ; biodiversity ; tornado ; salvage logging ; excess nitrogen ; climate ; forest management ; understory plant communities ; Simpson diversity ; species richness ; landscape scale ; structural complexity ; tropical evergreen mixed forest ; seasonal variations ; disturbance severity ; competition and facilitation ; canopy structure ; Fagus sylvatica ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This book presents a collection of 13 original research articles that focus on the science of light–matter interaction. This area of science has been led to some the greatest accomplishments of the past 100 years, with the discovery of materials that perform useful operations by collecting light or generating light from an outside stimulus. These materials are at the center of a multitude of technologies that have permeated our daily life; every day we rely on quantum well lasers for telecommunication, organic light emitting diodes for our displays, complementary metal–oxide–semiconductors for our camera detectors, and of course a plethora of new photovoltaic cells that harvest sunlight to satisfy our energy needs. In this book, top-rated researchers present their latest findings in the field of nano-particles, plasmonics, semi-conductors, magneto-optics, and holography.
    Keywords: faraday rotator material ; optical isolator ; transparent ceramics ; photopolymerizable ; thiol-ene network ; scratch-healing ; transparent ; dyeing ; unsaturated polyester resin ; azobenzene ; hologram ; aqueous dispersion ; plasmonic nanoparticles ; nonlinear acousto-optics ; nanofluids ; ultrasonic sensors ; silicon photonics ; optical waveguide ; smectic A liquid crystal (SALC) ; stimulated light scattering (SLS) ; holography ; photochromism ; diarylethenes ; refractive index ; CGH ; magnetic-optical bi-functional materials ; hydrothermal process ; down-conversion luminescence ; Na3FeF6:Tb3+ ; magnetic–luminescent structure ; hybrid system ; ternary quantum dots ; magnetic nanoparticles ; iron oxide ; calcium carbonate microspheres ; sensor ; nanoparticles ; silica shells ; metal nanoparticles ; gold-silver nanoshells ; core-shell nanoparticles ; magneto-optics ; mcd ; faraday rotation ; figure of merit ; polarization ; oxygen plasma treatment ; photopolymer ; temperature ; CTE ; thermal degradation ; hexagonal boron nitride ; photoluminescence ; cerium ; anti-counterfeiting ; crystals ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: In the context of the food industry, "Innovative Food Products and Processing" refers to the creation and application of cutting-edge techniques, technologies, and approaches. This vibrant industry covers a broad range of topics, with the aim of enhancing food quality, safety, sustainability, and the consumer experience. This Special Issue, entitled “Innovative Food Products and Processing” provides readers with a wide range of topics and applications in food science and technology, such as the use of food chemistry, biochemistry, fermentation, and microbiology, as well as new contemporary processing and preservation technologies and techniques for effective waste management and green technology for the food processing industry. “Innovative Food Products and Processing” is an excellent resource for food science researchers, food scientists, biochemists, nutritionists, and students. This publication's wide range of topics provides a complete overview of the most recent breakthroughs, cutting-edge technologies, and emerging trends in the food industry.
    Keywords: bambangan ; extraction solvents ; fatty acid ; triacylglycerol ; crystalline microstructure ; Bario ; rice flour ; gluten-free ; bread ; amylose content ; encapsulation ; non-dairy ; probiotics ; stability ; storage ; Auricularia cornea ; wood ear mushroom ; instant noodles ; glycaemic response ; by-product ; needlefish (Tylosurus acus melanotus) ; acid-soluble collagen extraction ; physicochemical ; characterization ; chlorophylls ; green colour ; antioxidant activity ; amaranth ; metal ions ; optimization ; response surface methodology ; lactobacillus ; bifidobacterium ; Eucheuma denticulatum ; seaweed oligosaccharide ; HMF ; chokeberry ; wort ; mint essential oil ; malt ; polyphenols ; anthocyanins ; antioxidant capacity ; green banana flour ; soy protein isolate ; emulsifier ; cake ; resistant starch ; dietary fiber ; esters ; brandy ; HS-SPME/GC-MS ; cold stabilization ; multivariate statistics ; egg white ; pulses ; foaming agent ; aerated foods ; canned liquid ; seaweed ; reduced salt ; meat emulsion ; physicochemical properties ; sensory ; meat products ; patty ; microencapsulation ; nanoemulsion ; trans-cinnamaldehyde ; spray-drying ; freeze-drying ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Biosensing and bioimaging techniques largely promote the accurate diagnosis of intractable diseases, such as cancers, on the basis of specific molecular targets, or as-called biomarkers. To realize the assays with ultrahigh sensitivity and selectivity, the wide application of molecular biology and nanotechnology are of great necessity. Both directions may offer effective signal amplification strategies, as well as inhibition of cross-reaction interference. Therefore, this Special Issue, “Biosensing and Bioimaging: Trends and Perspective”, highlights the recent developments in intelligent biomolecule/nanostructure-based probes for bioimaging and biosensing applications. It consists of five peer-reviewed papers that cover current hot topics, such as biodegradable materials, DNA assembly, shRNA delivery and chimeric proteins, which will provide a unique perspective of advanced biosensing and bioimaging techniques.
    Keywords: Chagas disease ; immunoassays ; chimeric proteins ; stability ; biodegradable materials ; metal-organic framework ; metal ion nodes ; multimode imaging ; theranostic nano-platforms ; MCF-7 cells ; electrochemistry ; 2-D materials ; signal amplification ; DNA assembly ; bio-responsive fluorescent complexes ; shRNA delivery ; LncRNA MALAT1 ; cancer cells bioimaging ; therapeutics ; autophagy ; biosensor ; microfluidics ; organ-on-a-chip ; lung model ; lung-on-a-chip ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: This reprint describes how lifestyle changes can impact the incidence and progression of chronic non-communicable diseases. In this context, regular physical activity and heathy nutritional habits are very important. Moreover, natural bioactive compounds could represent a new adjuvant therapy in the clinical management of these pathological conditions.
    Keywords: diet quality ; cardiometabolic risk ; sugar-sweetened beverages ; food groups ; home food availability ; diabetes ; prediabetes ; healthy food ; unhealthy food ; healthy food availability ; bladder cancer ; case-control study ; dietary patterns ; diet ; factor analysis ; dietary energy ; macronutrient composition ; trend ; disparity ; subpopulation ; anaphylaxis ; asthma ; IgE ; leukotriene ; mast cell protease ; methylxanthines ; motor activity ; polyphenols ; temperature ; Theobroma cacao ; male obesity secondary hypogonadism (MOSH) syndrome ; ω-3 PUFA ; adipose tissue ; body weight ; testosterone ; lung function of healthy population ; difference of FEV1 ; macronutrient ; longitudinal study ; obese ; cardiovascular disease ; Mediterranean diet ; non-communicable disease ; obesity ; physical activity ; NMSC ; lifestyle ; smoking ; alcohol ; Mexican adults ; dietary fiber ; esophagus ; stomach and colorectal cancer ; nutrition ; refined grains ; whole grains ; chronic kidney disease ; dietary pattern ; eGFR ; Fukushima Health Management Survey ; proteinuria ; trajectory analysis ; sodium ; potassium ; arterial hypertension ; endothelial dysfunction ; organ damage ; caloric restriction diet ; intermittent fasting ; frailty ; vascular aging ; age related syndrome ; sarcopenia ; malnutrition ; hydrolysable tannins ; anthocyanins ; urinary tract infections ; quality of life ; cranberry ; Sweet Chestnut ; pasta ; carotenoids ; antioxidant compounds ; kidney health ; HPLC/DAD analyses ; n/a
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Electrification plays a key role in decarbonizing energy consumption for various sectors, including transportation, heating, and cooling. There are several essential infrastructures for a smart city, including smart grids and transportation networks. These infrastructures are the complementary solutions to successfully developing novel services, with enhanced energy efficiency and energy security. This Special Issue includes high-quality papers that address issues related to cutting-edge smart city technologies in the electrification process, including but not limited to the following: Electrification of building environments and transportation systems; Role and impact of smart grids for smart cities; ICT and IoT infrastructures with big data for smart city electrification; Market, services, and business models for smart city electrification; Standards and implementation for smart city electrification; Advanced smart grid technology integration in smart cities, such as energy storage, demand-side management, and distributed energy resources.
    Keywords: coordinated operation ; natural gas network ; electrical network ; credit rank indicator ; data fusion ; main drive chain ; fault diagnosis ; wind turbine ; demand response programs ; social welfare maximization ; utility function ; power supply–demand balance ; electricity price ; rebate level ; fault-cause identification ; transmission line ; sparse learning ; multiview learning ; feature selection ; solar irradiance forecasting ; short-term and long-term predictions ; machine learning ; support vector machine ; Facebook Prophet ; contextual optimisation ; adaptive kernel ; multiple classifiers ; graph theory ; hydraulic model ; multi-criteria decision-making ; electric city bus ; energy consumption ; winter ; weather ; temperature ; infrastructure ; driving style ; cooling ; heating ; emissions ; Blockchain ; technology adoption theories ; technology adoption models ; systematic review ; multi-view learning ; subspace representation ; graph learning ; one-step clustering ; cyber security ; software-defined networking ; network security ; cyber-physical systems ; cross-layered ; power systems ; demand response ; coordinated preheating ; inverter air conditioner ; equivalent thermal parameter model ; smart grid ; e-bus powertrain ; tuning and optimization ; iSOPT ; digital twins ; internet-of-things ; local energy markets ; consumer digital twin ; transactive energy ; thermal comfort ; DER ; transportation ; influencing factors ; index decomposition approach ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Currently, the global liquid crystal (LC) industry is worth approximately USD 115 billion, most of which is used for display applications using nematic LCs (including chiral nematic LCs). The purpose of this Special Issue is to provide new knowledge and research tools as the application of LC devices expands from flat displays to new fields such as 3D displays and sensors. This issue will provide LC researchers with ways to solve their problems.
    Keywords: liquid crystal ; liquid crystalline semiconductor ; chiral nematic phase ; chiral smectic C phase ; ferroelectric liquid crystals ; circularly polarized light ; circularly polarized photoluminescence ; circularly polarized electroluminescence ; bulk photovoltaic effect ; shift current ; blue phase ; polymer-stabilised blue phase ; Kerr effect ; electro-optics ; disclination ; liquid crystal display ; residual direct-current voltage ; I-V curve ; triangular voltage application ; vertically aligned twisted nematic (VTN) mode ; fringe field switching (FFS) mode ; IPS ; FFS-LCD ; asymmetric optical -LCD system ; optical compensation ; response time ; blue phase liquid crystals ; photonic crystals ; 3D orientation control ; photonic devices ; schiff base ; biphenyl ; 4-phenyl pyridine ; DFT ; nematic liquid crystal ; polar anchoring ; azimuthal anchoring ; hybrid aligned nematic ; twisted nematic ; homogeneous orientation ; threshold voltage ; transmittance ; liquid crystal mixture ; diluter ; stability ; polymer-sustained vertically aligned (PS-VA) ; PI-free ; voltage–transmittance curve ; cross-linked structure ; cross section ; flexoelectricity ; liquid crystalline elastomers ; splay ; spontaneous polarization ; n/a ; chiral nematic liquid crystals ; molecular dynamics simulation ; miscibility ; diffusion coefficient ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint focuses on land use/land cover (LULC), natural hazards and their interactions, changes, and impacts. Over the past few decades, the risks due to natural hazards have increased significantly, to a large extent due to changes in LULC, which are triggered mainly by anthropic pressure on landscapes, i.e., urbanization, forest management practices, agricultural practices, and the like. As a result, LULC changes contribute significantly to changes in the variability or magnitude of natural hazards, such as floods, landslides, and erosion. Therefore, this reprint provides a collection of studies focused on the interactions between LULC and different types of natural hazards, which were studied in several research areas around the world.
    Keywords: flash floods ; intense rainfall ; urbanized areas ; damage ; anthropic impacts ; West Mediterranean ; Italy ; land use change ; surface runoff ; urban development ; green infrastructure ; Xiamen ; land use/land cover legacy ; airborne LiDAR-based HRDTM ; generalized additive model ; landslide susceptibility modeling ; historical landslide inventory bias ; biomass extraction ; farmers’ perception ; NDVI ; climate change ; remote sensing ; GIS ; NDBI ; flood risk ; land use ; settlement development ; agricultural land use ; flood-prone areas ; Alpine regions ; landslide modelling ; shallow landslides ; soil cohesion ; soil tillage ; river meandering ; river morphology ; centerline migration ; satellite images ; loess ; filled slope ; physical model test ; interface effect ; stability ; river morphodynamics ; Landsat data ; planform changes ; forest fire ; fire danger rating systems ; environmental fire danger ; fire indices ; drought indices ; remote sensing fire indices ; fire ignition probability ; climate change extremes ; land cover ; QGIS ; MOLUSCE ; Great Yellow River Region ; mountain hazards ; land take ; landslide hazard ; land cover change ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Advanced Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) is a research facility instrument on NASA’s Terra spacecraft. We celebrated the 20th anniversary of ASTER’s launch in December 1999. ASTER has been providing high spatial resolution multispectral data in the VNIR, SWIR, and TIR regions, and along-track stereo data. Starting April 2016, ASTER data have been distributed to the public at no cost. Another important and the most popular data set is the ASTER Global DEM, which covers almost the entire land surface at a 30 m grid size. ASTER data have been widely used in a variety of application areas such as land surface mapping and change detection, volcano and other natural hazard monitoring, mineral exploration, and urban heat island monitoring. This Special Issue consists of 12 papers (2 reviews, 9 articles, and 1 technical note) and covers topics including development of new techniques to process ASTER data, calibration activities to ensure long-term consistency of ASTER data, validation of the ASTER data products, and scientific achievements using ASTER data.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; emissivity ; n/a ; vicarious calibration ; digital elevation model ; optical sensor ; loess ; Terra ASTER ; land-surface temperature ; lithological mapping ; sediment transport pathways ; Mosaic ; validation ; thermal infrared ; Terra MODIS ; True Color imagery ; ASTER multispectral data ; fluvial ; water body detection ; morphology ; MOD35 ; lunar calibration ; cloud coverage ; volcanic processes ; Wudalianchi volcano ; Ming Dynasty ; Artificial Neural Network ; permafrost ; ASTER ; Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) ; stereo ; erosion ; Mako ; geologic mapping ; Algodones ; future concepts ; 3D perspective view ; observation scheduler ; earthen Great Wall ; thermal infrared data ; lithology ; mineral exploration ; VNIR ; cloud mask ; cloud avoidance ; aeolian ; phase change ; mission operations ; temperature ; global database ; zero curtain effect ; image archive ; mineral system ; deposition ; DEM ; MODIS ; success rate ; uncertain flag ; TES algorithm ; ASTER instrument ; radiometric calibration ; mineral mapping ; atmospheric correction ; TIR ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: In this Special Issue, you will find new directions in the research on liquid crystal applications. To be honest, we were surprised to find 10 papers covering a variety of application areas, with no overlap between them. The only important application without a related article was “display”! This was exactly the situation we hoped for. In this Special Issue, you can find 10 articles discussing the applications of LC devices or LC materials. The applications are liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) for optical communication, laser processing and wireless optical charging, wavelength selective filters, waveguides, smart windows, LCDs for terahertz waves, LC polymers for polarizing grating and LC material for an ink.We believe that this Special Issue will help researchers focusng on optical devices or LC materials to obtain inspiration for new devices using liquid crystals.
    Keywords: liquid crystals ; spatial light modulator ; liquid-crystal-on-silicon ; photostability ; thermochromic liquid crystal inks ; temperature ; colour play effect ; communication mechanism ; optical wireless power transfer ; beam shaping ; phase modulation ; liquid crystal ; variable wavelength filter ; blue phase ; stabilized polymer ; ultraviolet light ; laser processing ; metasurface ; terahertz telecommunication ; incident angle dependence ; transmittance ; HAN-LCD ; hybrid aligned nematic ; high pretilt LCD ; half-wave plate ; smart window ; sunglasses ; vehicle window ; twisted nematic ; supertwisted nematic ; low driving voltage ; polymer stabilization ; liquid crystalline polymer ; axis-selective photoreaction ; holography ; beam diffraction ; nematic liquid crystals ; electro-optical beam steering ; optical waveguides and microstructures ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The most influential research topic in the twenty-first century seems to be mathematics, as it generates innovation in a wide range of research fields. It supports all engineering fields, but also areas such as medicine, healthcare, business, etc. Therefore, the intention of this Special Issue is to deal with mathematical works related to engineering and multidisciplinary problems. Modern developments in theoretical and applied science have widely depended our knowledge of the derivatives and integrals of the fractional order appearing in engineering practices. Therefore, one goal of this Special Issue is to focus on recent achievements and future challenges in the theory and applications of fractional calculus in engineering sciences. The special issue included some original research articles that address significant issues and contribute towards the development of new concepts, methodologies, applications, trends and knowledge in mathematics. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following: Fractional mathematical models; Computational methods for the fractional PDEs in engineering; New mathematical approaches, innovations and challenges in biotechnologies and biomedicine; Applied mathematics; Engineering research based on advanced mathematical tools.
    Keywords: fractional order IMC ; first order plus dead-time processes ; event-based implementation ; numerical simulations ; comparative closed loop results ; nonlinear wave phenomen ; RBF ; local RBF-FD ; stability ; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ; quaternion-based estimator ; low-cost design ; automatic optical inspection ; kinetic theory ; parallel robots ; robust control ; sliding mode control ; basinI ; basinII ; mean pressure head ; pressure head with different probabilities of occurrence ; standard deviation of the pressure fluctuations ; statistical modeling ; USBR ; desalination ; humidification-dehumidification ; waste heat recovery ; mathematical model ; yearly analysis ; thermo-economics ; multi-objective optimization ; cruise altitude ; fuel consumption ; time to climb ; Hermite-Simpson method ; trajectory optimization ; terminal residual analysis (TRA) ; m-σ terminal residual analysis (m-σ TRA) ; power transformer ; stray losses ; analytical methods ; finite element method ; gridshell structures ; shape ratio ; length ratio ; regularity ; particle swarm optimization ; genetic algorithm ; hybrid nanofluid ; dual solutions ; mixed convection ; stagnation point ; radiation ; stability analysis ; machine learning ; eXterme Gradient Boosting ; Computation Fluid Dynamics ; blade vibration ; unsteady aerodynamic model ; active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) ; multiobjective optimization ; time delay systems ; tuning rules ; soft robotics ; fractional calculus ; CACSD toolbox ; operating point linearization ; automatic uncertainty bound computation ; Model-in-the-Loop simulation ; hybrid simulation ; ℋ∞ control ; μ synthesis ; DC-to-DC power converters ; buck ; boost ; SEPIC ; rainfall-runoff model ; curve number ; inferential statistics ; 3D runoff difference model ; model calibration ; PAT model ; modified affinity laws ; hydraulic simulation tool ; μ-synthesis ; fractional-order control ; swarm optimization ; artificial bee colony optimization ; CNC machine ; mixed sensitivity ; D–K iteration ; Linear Matrix Inequality ; biotechnology ; fermentation process ; batch bioreactors ; modeling ; control system design and synthesis ; linear control ; adaptive control ; model reference adaptive control ; control system realization ; mixed-sensitivity ; FO-PID ; twin rotor aerodynamic system ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Investigating the microbiome is on the frontier of science. It has the potential to resolve many issues in the realms of energy, food, human health, the environment, and biotechnology. Scientists are trying to understand, in a fundamental way, how microbes influence each other and how they organize into interaction networks. These are the keys to predicting and engineering community function and properties of the microbiome. In this regard, mathematical modeling and computational analysis play an increasing role. This book is a collection of contributions from lead scientists in the field. It provides innovative approaches and fresh perspectives for modeling environmental communities and engineered microbial consortia. Reading this book will give researchers a solid look at cutting-edge science in microbial community modeling, and at the remaining challenges such modeling poses.
    Keywords: TP155-156 ; microbial interaction ; metabolic networks ; coexistence ; biofilm ; Microbial communities ; model consortia ; individual-based modeling ; metabolic coupling ; stability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The fluid flow in fracture porous media plays a significant role in the assessment of deep underground reservoirs, such as through CO2 sequestration, enhanced oil recovery, and geothermal energy development. Many methods have been employed—from laboratory experimentation to theoretical analysis and numerical simulations—and allowed for many useful conclusions. This Special Issue aims to report on the current advances related to this topic. This collection of 58 papers represents a wide variety of topics, including on granite permeability investigation, grouting, coal mining, roadway, and concrete, to name but a few. We sincerely hope that the papers published in this Special Issue will be an invaluable resource for our readers.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; deformation feature ; minerals ; microstructure ; mixing ; permeability ; gas concentration ; water–rock interaction ; loose gangue backfill material ; unified pipe-network method ; fracture ; roof-cutting resistance ; crack ; similar-material ; movable fluid ; gob-side entry retaining (GER) ; rock-soil mechanics ; bed separation ; orthogonal tests ; charge separation ; water soaked height ; fluid flow in reclaimed soil ; laboratory experiment ; longwall mining ; grading broken gangue ; MIP ; elastic modulus ; effective stress ; permeability coefficient ; mixer ; naturally fracture ; SEM ; microstructure characteristics ; artificial joint rock ; fractured rock ; strata movement ; conservative solute ; particle velocity ; dry-wet cycles ; hydraulic fractures ; numerical calculation ; mechanical behaviors ; normalized conductivity-influence function ; fractured porous rock mass ; PPCZ ; segmented grouting ; non-aqueous phase liquid ; intelligent torque rheometer ; numerical analysis ; temperature ; unsaturated soil ; uniaxial compressive strength ; mine shaft ; coalbed methane (CBM) ; nonlinear flow in fractured porous media ; similar simulation ; forecasting ; tight sandstones ; oriented perforation ; hydro-mechanical coupling ; constant normal stiffness conditions ; cohesive soils ; layered progressive grouting ; chemical grouts ; grain size of sand ; Darcy’s law ; soft coal masses ; hydro-power ; cyclic heating and cooling ; cohesive element method ; cement-based paste discharge ; tectonically deformed coal ; split grouting ; fault water inrush ; filtration effects ; T-stress ; particle flow modeling ; new cementitious material ; strength ; stabilization ; fractured porous medium ; brine concentration ; initial water contained in sand ; XRD ; fracture criteria ; hydraulic conductivity ; roadway deformation ; backfill mining ; adsorption/desorption properties ; pore pressure ; roughness ; cement–silicate grout ; compressive stress ; discrete element method ; dynamic characteristics ; strain-based percolation model ; thermal-hydrological-chemical interactions ; pore distribution characteristics ; transversely isotropic rocks ; nitric acid modification ; disaster-causing mechanism ; CH4 seepage ; crack distribution characteristics ; micro-CT ; relief excavation ; Darcy flow ; hydraulic fracturing ; mixed-form formulation ; propagation ; scanning electron microscope (SEM) images ; propagation pattern ; consolidation process ; rheological deformation ; gas adsorption ; soft filling medium ; ground pressure ; orthogonal ratio test ; rock fracture ; coal seams ; high-steep slope ; interface ; orthogonal test ; stress interference ; physical and mechanical parameters ; fracture propagation ; fluid–solid coupling theory ; coupling model ; surface characteristics ; numerical manifold method ; gas ; lignite ; water inrush prevention ; coupled THM model ; hard and thick magmatic rocks ; Ordos Basin ; porosity ; damage mechanics ; seepage ; degradation mechanism ; high temperature ; visualization system ; bentonite-sand mixtures ; contamination ; conductivity-influence function ; water-rock interaction ; deterioration ; seepage pressure ; glutenite ; adhesion efficiency ; mechanical behavior transition ; bedding plane orientation ; n/a ; enhanced gas recovery ; debris-resisting barriers ; reinforcement mechanism ; on-site monitoring ; geophysical prospecting ; cyclic wetting-drying ; scoops3D ; semi-analytical solution ; enhanced permeability ; management period ; seepage control ; deformation ; Yellow River Embankment ; impeded drainage boundary ; rheological test ; circular closed reservoir ; grout penetration ; viscoelastic fluid ; coal-like material ; paste-like slurry ; floor failure depth ; supercritical CO2 ; gravel ; numerical model ; fractal ; gas-bearing coal ; shear-flow coupled test ; rheological limit strain ; CO2 flooding ; flotation ; goaf ; slope stability ; damage ; coal and gas outburst ; hydraulic fracture ; anisotropy ; high-order ; effluents ; FLAC ; limestone roof ; sandstone ; TG/DTG ; Xinjiang ; two-phase flow ; model experiment ; coal particle ; volumetric strain ; failure mode ; land reclamation ; sandstone and mudstone particles ; contiguous seams ; CO2 geological storage ; numerical simulation ; geogrid ; stress relief ; optimum proportioning ; roadside backfill body (RBB) ; pervious concrete ; mudstone ; hydraulic fracture network ; grouted sand ; fractal pore characteristics ; refraction law ; segmented rheological model ; ductile failure ; heterogeneity ; flow law ; fracture closure ; coal measures sandstone ; tight sandstone gas reservoirs ; gob behaviors ; water-dripping roadway ; creep characteristics ; internal erosion ; warning levels of fault water inrush ; hydraulic aperture ; bolt support ; discontinuous natural fracture ; microscopic morphology ; critical hydraulic gradient ; mixed mode fracture resistance ; differential settlement ; alternate strata ; finite element method ; crushing ratio ; chloride ; glauberite cavern for storing oil &amp ; macroscopic mechanical behaviors ; collision angle ; adsorption performance ; failure mechanism ; mechanical properties ; transmissivity ; damage evolution ; gas fracturing ; multitude parameters ; deviatoric stress ; Jiaohe ; coal ; soil properties ; acoustic emission ; pore structure ; grouting experiment ; concrete ; confining pressures ; green mining ; gas drainage ; fluid viscosity ; compression deformation ; Unsaturation ; adsorption–desorption ; seepage-creep ; constitutive model ; soil particle size ; Pseudo Steady-State (PPS) constant ; soil–structure interface ; debris flow ; fracture grouting ; initial settlement position ; regression equation ; electrical potential ; secondary fracture ; surrounding rock ; solid backfill coal mining ; time variation ; excess pore-pressures ; finite-conductivity fracture ; permeability characteristics ; rainfall-unstable soil coupling mechanism(R-USCM) ; shaft lining ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: Multibody systems with flexible elements represent mechanical systems composed of many elastic (and rigid) interconnected bodies meeting a functional, technical, or biological assembly. The displacement of each or some of the elements of the system is generally large and cannot be neglected in mechanical modeling. The study of these multibody systems covers many industrial fields, but also has applications in medicine, sports, and art. The systematic treatment of the dynamic behavior of interconnected bodies has led to an important number of formalisms for multibody systems within mechanics. At present, this formalism is used in large engineering fields, especially robotics and vehicle dynamics. The formalism of multibody systems offers a means of algorithmic analysis, assisted by computers, and a means of simulating and optimizing an arbitrary movement of a possibly high number of elastic bodies in the connection. The domain where researchers apply these methods are robotics, simulations of the dynamics of vehicles, biomechanics, aerospace engineering (helicopters and the behavior of cars in a gravitational field), internal combustion engines, gearboxes, transmissions, mechanisms, the cellulose industry, simulation of particle behavior (granulated particles and molecules), dynamic simulation, military applications, computer games, medicine, and rehabilitation.
    Keywords: symmetry ; asymmetry ; measure of skewness ; decile ; Monte Carlo algorithm ; Gibbs–Appell ; energy of accelerations ; finite element ; nonlinear system ; elastic elements ; analytical dynamics ; robotics ; Hilbert’s inequality ; Fubini theorem ; Fenchel-Legendre transform ; time scale ; fractional derivative ; skin tissues ; thermal damages ; Laplace transforms ; Kane’s equations ; planar mechanism ; Lagrange’s equations ; dynamics ; finite element method (FEM) ; multibody system (MBS) ; wind water pump ; strands wire rope ; experimental transitory vibrating regime ; stiffness ; damping ; joint time-frequency analysis ; Prony method ; matrix pencil method ; multibody ; propulsion drive ; linear motion ; eccentric trajectory ; reusable launch vehicles ; soft landing ; magnetorheological fluid ; numerical simulation ; multibody systems with flexible elements ; elastic bonds ; vibrations ; initial matrix ; stiffness matrix ; stability ; laser ; nuclear installation ; insulation ; Extreme Light Infrastructure ; gamma ray ; flexible coupling ; bolt ; non-metallic element ; finite element method ; elastic characteristic ; Light Sport Aircraft ; conceptual aircraft design ; wing ; flap ; aileron ; weight estimation ; symmetric profile ; sustainability ; mosquito borne diseases ; Aedes Aegypti ; Wolbachia invasion ; impulsive control ; time scales ; Noether theory ; conserved quantity ; elastic coupling ; non-metallic elements ; dynamic rigidity ; non-collinearly shafts ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The Special Issue entitled “Advances in Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering” is devoted to the publication of the latest research, field works, and laboratory investigations in the area of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering. This Special Issue has published novel contributions in different areas of geotechnical and geomechanical engineering such as slope and embankment, tunneling and underground space technologies, pile and foundation, rock mechanics and rock blasting, excavation and leveling projects, ground improvement techniques, unsaturated soil, practical issues in soft soil, mining technology, geo-environmental engineering, new laboratory testing, applied geology for construction, and novel geotechnical construction methods. The focus of this reprint is on the development of computational methods for solving problems in the fields of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering.
    Keywords: strength prediction ; brittle rock ; grain-structure representation ; micro-properties ; bonded block models ; Voronoi tessellation ; structure-type rockburst ; evolution mechanism ; particle flow code ; flat-joint model ; pre-grouting ; soft coal mass ; coal-grout structure ; shear behavior ; quality improvement ; rock strength ; tensile behaviour ; neuro-fuzzy ; regression ; non-destructive tests ; paste filling ; slicing mining ; false roof stability ; optimal false roof thickness ; tree-based techniques ; feature selection ; pile bearing capacity ; gradient boosted tree ; random forest ; in situ stress ; rock blasting ; crack propagation ; model test ; rheological deformation ; key stratum ; roadway groups ; roadway deformation ; surrounding rock control ; triaxial creep experiment ; cyclic loading and unloading ; elasto-visco-plastic strain ; irrecoverable strain ; tertiary creep stage ; nonlinear creep damage model ; high-altitude slope ; BP neural network ; freeze-thaw cycle ; geological conditions ; mining method ; soft broken complex ore body ; improved AHP ; comprehensive evaluation index ; blasting ; back-break ; SVM ; metaheuristic algorithms ; moth–flame optimization ; whale optimization algorithm ; tilted strata ; roadway ; nonuniform deformation ; physical simulation ; HFDEM ; numerical method ; rock fracture ; strain rate ; mining engineering ; backfill mining ; high-concentration backfill ; elastic modulus ; K-fold cross-validation ; mining ; rock engineering ; sensitivity analysis ; XGBoost ; limit equilibrium method (LEM) ; limit analysis ; accuracy ; slope stability ; homogenous slopes ; error accuracy classification chart ; physical and mechanical responses ; Egyptian granodiorite ; thermal damage threshold ; microstructure ; thermal constructions ; rock slope analysis ; limited analysis method ; numerical methods ; combined/hybrid finite–discrete element method ; FDEM ; non-renewable ; clean coal technology ; waste of resources ; “110 construction method” ; collapse settlement control ; moisture content ; dry–wet cycles ; cyclic loading ; injury mechanism ; acoustic emission RA-AF ; thermal effect prediction model ; uniaxial compressive strength ; static Young’s modulus ; artificial neural network ; multilinear regression ; rock mass ; hydraulic conductivity ; sustainability ; rock mechanics ; geotechnical engineering ; geomechanical engineering ; mining technology ; natural stones ; temperature ; fire ; thermal effect ; point load strength ; porosity ; color ; gloss ; automated mineral identification ; LBP ; classification ; texture feature ; liquefaction potential ; prediction ; Bayesian optimization ; support vector machines ; optimization ; Hoek–Brown criterion ; Mohr failure envelope ; Balmer’s equation ; limit equilibrium analysis ; modified Bishop approach ; active earth pressure ; unsaturated narrow backfill ; interlayer shear stress ; arching effect ; thin-layer element method ; tunnel excavation ; cut blasting method ; LLB method ; uncharged hole ; numerical simulation ; spectrum index ; water content ; hyperspectral information ; V-type firing pattern ; collision fragmentation ; RSA ; ANN ; coupled stress-hydro effect ; uniaxial loading ; infrared radiation ; warning threshold ; non-destructive monitoring ; alteration ; tunnel ; stress field ; deformation field ; plastic zone ; flyrock ; weathering index (WI) ; equilibrium optimizer (EO) ; particle swarm optimization (PSO) ; extreme learning machine (ELM) ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; high-water material ; seawater ; water-cement ratio ; strength ; mining method optimization ; difficult-to-mine complicated orebody ; multiple attribute decision making ; Pythagorean fuzzy sets and TOPSIS method ; mechanized upward horizontal layering method ; plateau alluvial-lacustrine deposits ; round gravelly soil ; large scale direct shear test ; shear strength parameters ; Erbil ; geotechnical characterization ; GIS ; ANFIS ; differential evolution ; firefly algorithm ; frozen rock mass blasting ; ice-filled crack ; explosion stress wave propagation ; attenuation factor ; UCS ; intelligent and statistical methods ; sedimentary rocks ; modulus of deformation ; RMR ; in situ testing ; modelling ; instrumentation ; failure risk ; element failure probability ; spatial variability ; stochastic groundwater level ; upper bound method ; rock joints ; shear strength ; scale effects ; normal stress ; JRC ; PFC simulation ; water inrush ; precursor ; strain energy ; normalized ; sustainable mine ; blast-induced flyrock ; LSSVM ; prediction models ; salt cavern ; underground gas storage ; continuum-discrete coupled method ; thermal-mechanical coupling ; thermal damage ; marble strength ; direct and indirect methods ; correlations analysis ; artificial intelligence techniques ; performance indicators ; resonant column test ; torsional simple shear test ; damping ratio ; steady-state vibration ; free vibration decay ; bibliometric analysis ; pile foundation ; sustainable structure ; VOS viewer ; Web of Science ; red clay ; desiccation cracking mechanism ; digital image correlation technology ; strain ; displacement ; mineral carbonation ; comminution energy ; stress–strain relationship ; elastic properties ; radial distribution function ; crown deformation ; underground caverns ; parametric study ; multiple linear regression ; twin tunnels ; 3D numerical analysis ; surface settlement ; field measurement ; geotechnical and geological conditions ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Among terrestrial ecosystems, forests play a dominant role in maintaining biodiversity and providing ecosystem functioning, such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, and ecosystem stability. Over the past several decades, however, global forests are facing unprecedented pressure from climate change and anthropogenic disturbances, resulting in a high rate of biodiversity loss due to deforestation, fragmentation, and degradation. Determining how to maintain biodiversity is extremely urgent if we want to achieve the aims of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The complex structure, species interaction, heterogenic environment, and regional species pool all affect the spatial and temporal patterns of forest species, but it is still unclear how these effects maintain long-term forest biodiversity as forests undergo rapid variations in habitat features under global change. This reprint includes sixteen published articles related to the dynamics of forest spatial structure, community assembly, forest recovery patterns after disturbance, spatial distribution of species diversity, effects of abiotic and biotic variables on understory species diversity, and above- and below-ground biotic interactions. These studies cover different forest types across varied spatial and temporal scales, as well as different biological groups (plants, birds and microbes). We acknowledge all authors who contributed to this reprint "Maintenance of Forest Biodiversity" of Forests. We hope this reprint can improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of forest biodiversity maintenance.
    Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; intraspecific competition ; interspecific competition ; litter decomposition ; nutrient release ; biodiversity monitoring ; soundscape ecology ; spectrograms ; acoustic indices ; birds ; urban forests ; object-based image analysis ; novel approach ; altitude ; interspecific association ; Godron stability ; the southern Taihang Mountains ; soil nutrients ; plant diversity ; regression dominant species ; tropical monsoonal forest ; Hainan island ; soil pH ; soil available phosphorus ; root–soil–microbial interactions ; seedling bank ; seedling age ; microenvironment ; biomass allocation ; nonstructural carbohydrates ; community assembly ; beta diversity ; replacement ; richness ; spatial structure parameters ; dynamic changes ; the Sankey diagram ; mortality process ; recruitment process ; natural mixed forests ; net relatedness index ; functional trait ; niche theory ; habitat filtering ; competitive exclusion ; deciduous broad-leaved forests ; precipitation ; soil water content ; root system characteristics ; natural regeneration ; biogeography ; subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest ; functional richness ; environmental variables ; phylogenetic signal ; intra- and interspecific interactions ; stand structure ; understory vegetation ; species diversity ; canonical correlation analysis ; gap size ; soil microbe ; soil chemical property ; forest management ; PLFA analysis ; spatial distribution ; soil depth layer ; β-diversity ; soil chemical elements ; multi-site generalized dissimilarity modeling ; stand structural characteristic ; aboveground biomass ; temperature ; influence ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) and their chemical analogs have been utilized as building materials due to their biocompatibility and programmability. RNA, which naturally possesses a wide range of different functions, is now being widely investigated for its role as a responsive biomaterial which dynamically reacts to changes in the surrounding environment. It is now evident that artificially designed self-assembling RNAs, that can form programmable nanoparticles and supra-assemblies, will play an increasingly important part in a diverse range of applications, such as macromolecular therapies, drug delivery systems, biosensing, tissue engineering, programmable scaffolds for material organization, logic gates, and soft actuators, to name but a few. The current exciting Special Issue comprises research highlights, short communications, research articles, and reviews that all bring together the leading scientists who are exploring a wide range of the fundamental properties of RNA and DNA nanoassemblies suitable for biomedical applications.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; cotranscriptional folding ; n/a ; RNA ; conditionally activated ; i-motif DNA ; spinal cord tumor ; fluorescence ; dynamic ; stability ; functional RNA ; ribozyme ; biological media ; RNA aptamers ; gene therapy ; biosensors ; viral vector ; ganciclovir ; RNA self-assembly ; RNA nanoparticle ; gene delivery ; riboswitch ; non-viral gene delivery ; NANPs ; silver nanoclusters ; small-angle neutron scattering ; contrast variation ; aptamers ; RNA logic ; fluorogenic RNA ; glioblastoma multiforme ; RNA interference ; nucleic acid nanoparticles ; immunostimulation ; aggregation ; small-angle X-ray scattering ; non-viral vector ; light-up aptamer ; nucleic acid therapeutic ; live-cell imaging ; DNA nanotechnology ; nucleic acid computing ; nanopores ; structural characterization ; siRNA ; suicide gene therapy ; nucleic acid nanoparticle ; cytosine rich sequences ; RNA nanotechnology ; logic gates ; serum ; conditional activation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The present book covers all research areas related to magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic nanorods, and other magnetic nanospecies, their preparation, characterization, and various applications, specifically emphasizing biomedical applications. The chapters written by the leading experts cover different subareas of the science and technology related to various magnetic nanospecies—providing broad coverage of this multifaceted area and its applications. The different topics addressed in this book will be of great interest to the interdisciplinary community active in the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology. It is hoped that this collection and its various chapters will be important and beneficial for researchers and students working in various areas related to bionanotechnology, materials science, biosensor applications, medicine, and many others. Furthermore, this book is aimed at attracting young scientists and introducing them to this field, in addition to providing newcomers with an enormous collection of literature references.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; multi-core ; cancer treatment ; graphene oxide ; n/a ; pharmaceutics ; optical sensor ; multifunctional nanoparticles ; immunoassay ; nanoparticles ; surface plasmon resonance ; toxin detection ; magnetic hyperthermia ; magnetic separation ; antibody ; core-shell composition ; biosensors ; magnetic anisotropy ; cancer biomarkers ; food analytes ; magnetic relaxation ; superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles ; separation probe ; single core ; physical-chemical properties ; cancer screening ; surface modification ; magnetism ; physical and chemical methods ; superparticles ; collective behaviors ; pathogens ; magnetic nanoparticle systems ; bio-ferrofluids ; magnetic Janus particles ; toxin capture ; controlled drug delivery ; synthesis ; magnetite ; cancer detection ; extracellular vesicles ; structural characterization ; magnetic nanotubes ; nanomedicine ; functional coating ; fluorescent probes ; superparamagnetism ; surface functionalization ; self-propelled ; magnetorheology ; optical ; Magnetic bead ; tissue engineering ; magnetic/targeted drug delivery ; aptamer ; real sample matrices ; bioimaging ; nanotechnology ; high-resolution medical imaging ; cells/cancer cells ; iron oxide nanoclusters ; magnetofection ; stability ; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy ; circulating cancer cells ; development ; static ; magnetic nanowires ; analytical platform ; functionalized nanoparticles ; biomarkers ; nanocarriers ; magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) ; fluorescence spectroscopy ; curie temperature ; imaging ; electrochemical ; magnetically responsive photonic crystals ; (bio)sensing ; near infrared spectroscopy ; sensor ; marine toxin ; NiCu magnetic nanoparticles ; magnetic nanoparticles ; green chemistry ; iron oxide ; magnetic nanoparticle ; enzyme immobilization ; immunosensor ; heat generation ; electrochemical biosensor ; therapy ; cellulase immobilization ; biomedicine ; pharmaceuticals ; magnetic particles ; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ; food safety ; sensors ; biodetection ; photothermal therapy ; supporting materials ; cancer ; MNPs functionalization ; MNPs synthesis ; surface sensitive methods ; immobilization support ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Special Issue Machining—Recent Advances, Applications and Challenges is intended as a humble collection of some of the hottest topics in machining. The manufacturing industry is a varying and challenging environment where new advances emerge from one day to another. In recent years, new manufacturing procedures have retained increasing attention from the industrial and scientific community. However, machining still remains the key operation to achieve high productivity and precision for high-added value parts. Continuous research is performed, and new ideas are constantly considered. This Special Issue summarizes selected high-quality papers which were submitted, peer-reviewed, and recommended by experts. It covers some (but not only) of the following topics: High performance operations for difficult-to-cut alloys, wrought and cast materials, light alloys, ceramics, etc.; Cutting tools, grades, substrates and coatings. Wear damage; Advanced cooling in machining: Minimum quantity of lubricant, dry or cryogenics; Modelling, focused on the reduction of risks, the process outcome, and to maintain surface integrity; Vibration problems in machines: Active and passive/predictive methods, sources, diagnosis and avoidance; Influence of machining in new concepts of machine–tool, and machine static and dynamic behaviors; Machinability of new composites, brittle and emerging materials; Assisted machining processes by high-pressure, laser, US, and others; Introduction of new analytics and decision making into machining programming. We wish to thank the reviewers and staff from Materials for their comments, advice, suggestions and invaluable support during the development of this Special Issue.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; in situ estimation ; modeling ; simulation ; variable pitch ; X-ray diffraction ; cutting edge preparation ; plastic zone ; flank milling ; surface roughness ; power consumption ; cutting tool ; fatigue ; additive manufacturing ; optimization ; trochoidal step ; surface topography ; sinusoidal grid ; milling ; desirability approach ; electrochemical discharge machining ; fast simulation ; Inconel 718 ; secondary adhesion wear ; machinability ; hybrid stacks drilling ; cooling rate ; shape memory alloy ; residual stress ; diameter variation ; turning ; computer vision ; workholding ; on-machine monitoring ; chip morphology ; dry-cutting ; turning machine tools ; SACE-drilled hole depth ; residual stresses ; cryogenic machining ; prime machining costs ; PVD Ti0.41Al0.59N/Ti0.55Al0.45N coating ; single point incremental sheet forming ; butt weld joint ; dish angle ; machining characteristic ; DSC test ; segmented diamond blade ; cutting tool wear ; ultra-precision machining ; ceramics ; shape memory effect ; current density ; fractal dimension ; crack growth rate ; drilling ; force–temperature correlation through analytical modeling ; finite element model ; analytic solution ; aluminium ; taguchi method ; multi-objective optimization ; real-time prediction ; Gamma-TiAl ; cutting temperature ; EN 31 steel ; superalloys ; material-removal rate ; glass machining ; corner radius ; thin-wall machining ; vibration ; GPU ; titanium aluminides ; minimum quantity lubrication ; machining temperatures at two deformation zones ; finite element method ; roughness ; slight materials ; high computational efficiency ; dynamic ; adhesive ; heat transfer analysis ; connections ; stability ; vibrations ; trochoidal milling ; magnesium alloys ; specific cutting energy ; laser-assisted machining ; artificial neutral network ; microscopic analysis ; Milling stability ; topography ; weight loss ; modal testing ; sustainable machining ; dry ; damping ; ductile machining ; Inconel® 718 ; modelling ; cutting edge microgeometry ; electropulsing ; PCD ; cutting geometry ; fixture ; artificial neural networks ; spark-assisted chemical engraving ; machining ; specific energy consumption ; heat transfer search algorithm ; material removal rate ; prediction ; CFRP/UNS A92024 ; tool wear ; titanium alloy ; multi-beam laser ; chip compression ratio ; design of experiments ; concrete ; ANN ; titanium ; chatter ; response surface methodology ; machine tool ; superelastic nitinol ; optimal machining conditions ; machine vision ; steel sheet ; cutting process ; fracture mechanism ; self-excitation ; tool insert condition ; induction assisted milling ; hole quality ; GA ; titanium alloys ; microlens array ; parameter identification ; Taguchi method ; weld reinforcement ; slow tool servo ; cutting parameters ; flank super abrasive machining (SAM) ; stiffness properties ; grey relational analysis ; deflection ; computer numerical control ; grain density ; surface grinding ; the cutting force components ; Huber–Mises stress ; WEDM ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Polymer composite materials have attracted great interest for the development of electrical and electronic engineering and technology, and have been widely applied in electrical power systems, electrical insulation equipment, electrical and electronic devices, etc. Due to the significant expansion in the use of newly developed polymer composite materials, it is necessary to understand and accurately describe the relationship between composite structure and material properties, as only based on thorough laboratory characterization is it possible to estimate the properties for their future commercial applications. This book focuses on polymer composites applied in the field of electrical and electronic equipment, including but not limited to synthesis and preparation of new polymeric materials, structure–properties relationship of polymer composites, evaluation of materials application, simulation and modelling of material performance.
    Keywords: aramid nanofiber ; hydrogen bonds ; electric breakdown strength ; mechanical strength ; alumina nanoplates ; SiC crystal form ; micro-nano compound ; thermal conductivity ; breakdown field strength ; space charge ; polyimide polymer ; unipolar electrical stress ; temperature ; frequency ; surface streamer discharge ; silicone rubber coating ; three-electrode arrangement ; thermally stimulated current method ; surface properties ; dielectric elastomer ; intrinsic property ; energy harvesting ; epoxy resins ; Langmuir ; terahertz ; molecular simulation ; prediction ; epoxy resin ; partial discharge ; active product ; electro-thermal dissociation ; reactive molecular dynamics ; polyimide ; graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets ; polydopamine ; interfacial interaction ; breakdown strength ; molecular dynamics simulation ; damping performance ; nitrile-butadiene rubber ; graphene oxide ; antioxidant 4010NA ; droplet vibration ; high voltage insulator ; polymeric surface ; corona discharge ; arcing ; creepage distance ; streamer discharge ; curved profiles ; streamer propagation “stability” field ; streamer propagation path ; streamer propagation velocity ; Eucommia ulmoides gum ; carbon nanotubes ; graphene ; electromagnetic shielding ; honeycomb sandwich composites ; metamaterial ; radar stealth ; microwave absorbing material ; low frequency ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: The construction industry is growing rapidly and time has changed the construction methods used. The traditional way of construction is becoming obsolete and technology is taking over. In this case, sustainable construction is the future and the new norm in the construction industry. Although there are various opportunities in this sector, there are also some challenges that exist and hinder productivity. Hence, this reprint covers the opportunities and challenges in sustainable construction.
    Keywords: thin film ; organic solar cell ; efficiency ; DBR ; temperature ; life cycle ; impact assessment ; recycled material ; geopolymer concrete ; sustainability ; workforce diversity ; technical skills ; motivation ; psychosocial ; construction worker ; productivity ; BIM ; post-disaster reconstruction ; construction industry ; scientometric analysis ; visualization ; PRISMA ; review ; RWL ; time series ; RHR ; seasonality ; prediction ; ANN ; SARIMA ; wastewater ; oil palm leaves activated carbon ; chemical activation ; COD ; adsorption ; green technology ; marble dust ; air pollution ; health hazards ; environmental pollution ; econometric analysis ; construction sector ; sustainable construction ; circular economy ; forecasting ; causal loop diagram ; construction management ; resilient supply chain ; sustainable supply chain ; supply chain management ; systems thinking ; forecasting models ; energy consumption ; smart buildings ; machine learning ; LSTM technique ; GIS ; PCA ; groundwater quality ; health risk ; solid waste ; error management climate ; psychological capital ; job stress ; aeronautical industry ; structural equation modeling ; IR 4.0 ; health and safety ; AHP ; barriers ; small contractors ; SEM ; Malaysia ; economy ; eco-materials ; energy ; environmental impact ; lean construction ; pollution ; prefabricated construction ; mediation analysis ; trust ; satisfaction ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Except for latitudinal and elevational extremes, lizards range across a vast variety of biotopes worldwide, including environments as disparate as deserts, prairies, temperate woodlands, rainforests, or anthropic habitats. Although most species thrive on the ground, numerous lizards are fossorial, arboreal, and even aquatic, found in either fresh- or seawater. With lizards being ectotherms, accurate thermoregulation and other physiological adaptations are in most cases fundamental for their survival in such a variety of habitats. Moreover, lizard coloration may mediate thermoregulation, reproduction, and social status, among others. Lizards have also evolved some unusual antipredator adaptations, such as tail autotomy. Consequently, the astonishing morphological, ecological, and functional diversity of lizards results from extremely intense selective pressures, oftentimes opposing, many of whose interrelationships have yet to be disentangled. This Special Issue provides the international scientific community with an integrative meeting point to discuss and synthesize the current knowledge on the evolutionary pathways and mechanisms that led to today’s lizards.
    Keywords: enhanced vegetation index ; Lacerta ; Mediterranean ; niche partitioning ; Sauria ; Timon ; colouration ; social signals ; Psammodromus algirus ; lizards ; altitudinal gradient ; Indochina ; Southeast Asia ; phylogeny ; Indo-Australian Archipelago ; Bent-toed geckos ; karst ; conservation ; high elevation ; hyperoxia ; sprint performance ; thermal performance curve ; thermal preference ; lizard ; autotomy ; tail ; locomotion ; performance ; temperature ; predation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFZ Animals & society
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint titled “Analysis of Natural Bioactive Compounds in Plant, Food, and Pharmaceutical Products Using Chromatographic Techniques” deals with the separation and analysis of natural bioactive compounds in plants, foods, and pharmaceutical products. A growing tendency toward the discovery and use of natural bioactive compounds that are least harmful, have the fewest side effects, and fit the human body the most naturally has been noticed during the past few decades. As evidenced by the rise in recent studies on the therapeutic properties of plants, this trend has caused a return of healthcare professionals to nature and plants, but with a modern approach that specifically questions how plants help to heal humans and what their exact effects on the human body are. In order to identify and analyze natural bioactive compounds in plant, food, and pharmaceutical products, this reprint attempted to compile latest improvements, advancements, and analytical innovations in chromatographic techniques. In the last few decades, tremendous research on the analysis of natural bioactive compounds in plants, foods, and pharmaceutical products using wide range of chromatography techniques have been performed. This reprint has brought together prominent researchers who have explored a diverse applications range of chromatographic techniques in the extraction, separation, identification, and analysis of natural bioactive compounds.
    Keywords: C. indica ; propolis ; GC-MS ; antibacterial ; bioactive compounds ; chemical composition ; AGREE ; Curcuma longa ; curcumin ; nanoemulsion ; greener HPLC ; validation ; lavender oil ; cytotoxic ; scolicidal ; Musca domestica ; acaricide ; capillary electrophoresis ; fluorescence detection ; honey ; sugars ; breast cancer ; liquid chromatography ; bioanalytical methods ; neratinib ; naringenin ; dosage form ; HPLC ; pterostilbene ; solubility ; stability ; lamb meat ; heterocyclic aromatic amines ; roasted ; spices ; olive leaves ; extraction ; optimization ; ultrasound ; polyphenols ; flavonoids ; antioxidant ; Haberlea rhodopensis ; myconoside ; hispidulin 8-C-(6-O-acetyl-2″-O-syringoyl-β-glucopyranoside) ; GLUT1 transporter ; estrogen receptor and MYST acetyltransferase ; Gymnosperma glutinosum ; cosmetology ; skin care ; antioxidants ; bisabolol ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The world population is expected to reach almost 10,000 million in 2050, so, it is necessary to use our resources efficiently: to produce more food using less land and pollute less, to optimize the production and use of biomass from diversified resources. For this, new approaches and processes, with special emphasis from a biotechnological perspective, may need to be implemented to move towards a circular model that will confer environmental sustainability. In this book, the analysis and optimization of some examples of food and bioproduct processes, as well as development of innovative and emerging food and byproducts processing methods, are considered. Valorization, bioprocessing, and biorefining of food-industry-based streams, the role of industrial microorganisms, the isolation of high added-value compounds, applications of the resulting bio-based chemicals in food manufacturing, novel food formulations, among others, are addressed.
    Keywords: vinegar ; wine ; acetification ; bioprocesses ; experimental design ; polynomial modelling ; black-box models ; eggplant ; anthocyanins ; natural colorants ; bioactivity ; wheat ; germ ; wheat byproducts ; agglutinin ; WGA ; toxicity ; glycosylation ; N-Acetylglucosamine ; GlcNAc ; carbohydrate ; bioreactor systems ; optimization ; kombucha tea ; microbial diversity ; bacterial cellulose ; Komagataeibacter xylinus ; repetitive elements sequence-based rep-PCR ; typing ; basil ; design of experiments ; valorization strategies ; chicken breast fillets ; color ; cooking loss ; cooking temperature ; cooking time ; microbiological safety ; shear force ; sous vide cooking ; TBARS ; sourdough ; yeasts ; lactic acid bacteria ; bioactive compounds ; exopolysaccharides ; antifungal activity ; pectinase immobilization ; nylon 6/6 carrier ; pectinolytic activity ; reusability ; stability ; lactic fermentation ; functional beverages ; volatile compounds ; antioxidant activity ; jackfruit ; jackfruit processing ; by-products ; extraction methods ; phenolic compounds ; pectin ; emerging technologies ; innovative technologies ; functional ingredients ; olive oil extraction ; microbial consortium ; phenols ; functional foods ; compostable bioplastics ; coatings ; contact angle ; grease resistance ; paper ; WVTR ; LED ; foams ; cellulose ; natural fibers ; mechanical properties ; microstructure ; sparkling wine ; protein ; interact omics ; amino acid metabolism ; yeast ; GO terms ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The direct conversion of sunlight into electricity (photovoltaic or PV for short) is evolving rapidly, and is a technology becoming a mainstream clean energy production method. However, to compete with conventional energy production methods using fossil fuels, the conversion efficiency needs to be increased, and the manufacturing cost should be reduced further. Both of these require the improvement of solar energy materials, and the device architectures used for the conversion of light into electrical energy. This Special Issue presents the latest developments in some solar energy materials like Si, CdTe, CIGS, SnS and Perovskites), and the device structures suitable for next generation solar cells. In particular, the progress in graded bandgap multi-layer solar cells are presented in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: electroplating ; semiconductors ; large-area electronics ; characterisation ; solar cells ; perovskite solar cell ; hole blocking layer ; solution spin-coating ; TiO2/SnO2 layer ; anti-reflection coating ; potential-induced degradation ; solar cell ; plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition ; organic solar cells ; perovskite solar cells ; encapsulation ; stability ; Cu(In,Ga)Se2 ; mini-module ; numerical simulation ; P1 shunt ; space charge region (SCR) ; TCAD ; transistor effect ; electrodeposition ; CdTe film ; two-electrode configuration ; thin films ; electroplating temperature ; photovoltaic ; CdTe ; CdS ; luminescence ; spectroscopy ; CdSe ; CdTe1−xSex ; photovoltaics ; review ; tin monosulfide ; tin disulfide ; chemical solution process ; absorber ; buffer ; renewable energy ; ethlammonium ; formamidinium ; microstructure ; perovskite ; SnS/SnS2 ; CdS/CdTe ; CIGS ; silicon ; electroplating of semiconductors ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: Sustainable development in the agriculture sector is crucial to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations (UN). There are lots of challenges to developing modern and intelligent agricultural techniques, tools, and systems, by which sustainable agriculture and food security can be satisfied. In addition, carbon-neutral development and clean energy utilization are also associated with the UN-SDGs. Such agricultural, biological, and environmental engineering studies are needed in the 21st century, particularly from the viewpoint of the agricultural water–energy–food security nexus. This book focuses on the recent proliferation and technological advancements in these engineering applications. This book aims to share recent updates on agricultural, biological, and environmental engineering, and the application of these engineering techniques in the agriculture sector. It presents such engineering technologies and applications in seven categories that include energy system applications in agriculture (three studies); irrigation and drainage (four studies); biomass, biogas, and biochar (three studies); farm mechanization and soil science (three studies); remote sensing and geographical studies (two studies); wastewater and biological studies (two studies); and case studies and societal aspects in agriculture (five studies). The editors believe that this book will be useful for agricultural scientists, researchers, and students.
    Keywords: air heat pump ; carbon dioxide ; formaldehyde ; electricity consumption ; ultra-fine dust ; municipal waste ; biological fertilizer ; phytopathogens ; sustainable agriculture ; organic waste treatment ; optical remote sensing ; microwave remote sensing ; phenology-based method ; forest conservation ; forest management ; rural residents ; economic incentives ; Pakistan ; less-favoured areas ; agricultural policy ; farm profitability ; traction ; soil ; sinkage ; single-track shoe ; penetration ; cohesion ; adhesion ; ANOVA ; Brassica chinensis ; coefficient of variation ; double-row ; metering device ; pneumatic ; greenhouse ; computational fluid dynamics ; airflow ; temperature ; humidity ; horticulture ; Zagazig ; Egypt ; willingness to accept ; gross margin ; mixed cropping ; ordered logistic regression ; bioresources ; circular bioeconomy ; economic analysis ; Nitrification inhibitor ; smog ; Wheat straw ; poultry farms ; air-conditioning ; evaporative cooling systems ; temperature-humidity index ; temperature-humidity-velocity index ; soil erosion ; sediment yield ; RUSLE ; sediment transport modeling ; Gomal River ; arid regions ; surface drain system ; design ; drainage effluent ; GF-6 ; maize ; straw ; support vector machine ; random forest ; red-edge wavelength ; biomass ; furnace ; efficiency ; economics ; carbon nanotubes ; surface modification ; heavy metals ; adsorption ; water and wastewater treatment ; renewable energy ; biogas production ; livestock manure ; anaerobic digestion ; COVID-19 ; Iran ; food security ; economic crisis ; agriculture ; food supply chain ; agricultural economy ; drip irrigation system ; net revenue ; small landholders ; sustainable irrigation ; agroforestry ; allometric equations ; carbon stock ; organic carbon ; potassium ; zinc ; physiological attributes ; climate change ; environment ; human health ; resources ; wastewater ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Metal manufacturing is a fundamental and indispensable technology in the processing of raw metals into desired products, which significantly promotes the development of industry and society overall. This book presents original research and a state of the art review of contemporary metal manufacturing processes, especially in the modeling, optimization, and design of the manufacturing processes. This book covers topics such as machine learning algorithms in manufacturing metal products, the fabrication and optimization of mechanical properties of metals, and numerical simulations and experiments in the machining of metals. The book presents some essential theories and successful manufacturing techniques for the low-cost and highly efficient production of metals.
    Keywords: machine learning ; reinforcement learning ; Q-learning ; steelmaking process CAS-OB ; decision-support system ; optimisation algorithm ; 3D auxetic structures ; selective laser melting ; micro assembled ; structural surface layer model ; A380 alloy ; Ca ; AlFeSi phase ; refine ; micro-cutting ; grain size ; surface integrity ; cutting forces ; chip formation ; OFHC copper C102 ; amorphous alloys ; Fe-based amorphous alloys ; difficult-to-machine ; assisted machining ; high-frequency PCB ; drilling ; coating technology ; tool wear ; hot filament chemical vapor deposition ; PCBN tool ; gray cast iron ; surface quality ; temperature prediction ; weighted regularized extreme learning machine ; just-in-time learning ; sample similarities ; variable correlations ; tool edge preparation ; orthogonal cutting ; numerical simulation ; ANOVA ; temperature ; stress ; ECAP ; metallic materials ; processing parameters ; deformation mechanism ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJC Business strategy ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Power electronics technology is still an emerging technology, and it has found its way into many applications, from renewable energy generation (i.e., wind power and solar power) to electrical vehicles (EVs), biomedical devices, and small appliances, such as laptop chargers. In the near future, electrical energy will be provided and handled by power electronics and consumed through power electronics; this not only will intensify the role of power electronics technology in power conversion processes, but also implies that power systems are undergoing a paradigm shift, from centralized distribution to distributed generation. Today, more than 1000 GW of renewable energy generation sources (photovoltaic (PV) and wind) have been installed, all of which are handled by power electronics technology. The main aim of this book is to highlight and address recent breakthroughs in the range of emerging applications in power electronics and in harmonic and electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues at device and system levels as discussed in ?robust and reliable power electronics technologies, including fault prognosis and diagnosis technique stability of grid-connected converters and ?smart control of power electronics in devices, microgrids, and at system levels.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; Q-factor ; lithium-ion power battery pack ; electromagnetic field (EMF) ; expert systems ; total harmonic distortion (THD) ; current-fed inverter ; rotor design ; class-D amplifier ; LCL-S topology ; current switching ripple ; system in package ; energy storage modelling ; smart micro-grid ; embedded systems ; equivalent inductance ; SHIL ; permanent magnet ; static var generator (SVG) ; permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) ; control strategy and algorithm ; digital control ; zero-voltage switching (ZVS) ; SOC estimator ; electric power ; optimal design ; electromagnetic field interference (EMI) ; line frequency instability ; analog phase control ; five-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine ; distribution generation ; leakage inductance ; adjacent two-phase open circuit fault (A2-Ph) ; chaotic PWM ; electric vehicles ; CMOS chaotic circuit ; series active filter ; cascaded topology ; total demand distortion ; efficiency motor ; triangular ramp generator ; 4T analog MOS control ; inductive coupling ; induction machines ; nanocrystalline core ; semi-active bridge ; multi-level control ; simulation models ; voltage source inverters (VSI) ; battery management system BMS ; voltage source converter ; current control loops ; droop control ; particle swarm optimization ; variable control gain ; state of charge SoC ; extended Kalman filter ; transient control ; multi-objective optimization ; composite equalizer ; converter ; DHIL ; five-leg voltage source inverter ; axial flux machines ; bifurcation ; active receivers ; field programmable gate array ; Nyquist stability analysis ; electric vehicle ; static compensator ; stability ; common-mode inductor ; DC–DC converters ; support vector machines ; electromagnetic compatibility ; real-time simulation ; passive equalization ; matrix converters ; wireless power transfer ; digital phase control ; compensation topology ; volt-per-hertz control (scalar control) ; switching losses ; voltage control ; hybrid converter ; bidirectional converter ; coupling factor ; selective harmonic elimination method ; power electronics ; soft switching ; optimization design ; multilevel inverter ; five-phase machine ; phase-shift control ; lithium-ion battery ; voltage boost ; VPI active damping control ; parameter identification ; electrical engineering communications ; current control ; DC–DC conversion ; battery management system ; GaN cascode ; single-switch ; high-frequency modeling ; synchronous motor ; power quality ; water purification ; power factor correction (PFC) ; composite active vectors modulation (CVM) ; digital signal controller ; line start ; power density ; hardware in loop ; n/a ; fault diagnosis ; multi-level converter (MLC) ; induction motor ; dual three-phase (DTP) permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) ; neural networks ; electromagnetic interference filter ; battery chargers ; power converter ; harmonics ; multiphase space vector modulation ; torque ripple ; power factor correction ; electrical drives ; modular multilevel converter (MMC) ; active power filter ; double layer capacitor (DLC) models ; PMSG ; response time ; resonator structure ; floating-point ; effect factors ; DC-link voltage control ; sliding mode control ; phasor model technique ; wireless power transfer (WPT) ; slim DC-link drive ; fault-tolerant control ; lithium-ion batteries ; DC-AC power converters ; conducting angle determination (CAD) techniques ; variable speed pumped storage system ; impedance-based model ; one cycle control ; renewable energy sources ; series-series compensation ; cogging torque ; active rectifiers ; three-level boost converter (TLBC) ; DC-link cascade H-bridge (DCLCHB) inverter ; battery energy storage systems ; filter ; power management system ; improved extended Kalman filter ; dead-time compensation ; disturbance observer ; reference phase calibration ; frequency locking ; space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) ; predictive controllers ; nine switch converter ; transmission line ; spread-spectrum technique ; energy storage ; electromagnetic interference ; renewable energy resources control ; harmonic linearization ; misalignment ; plug-in hybrid electric vehicles ; high level programing ; nearest level modulation (NLM) ; magnetic equivalent circuit ; EMI filter ; permanent-magnet machines ; real-time emulation ; switched capacitor ; back EMF ; fixed-point ; HF-link MPPT converter ; condition monitoring ; WPT standards ; switching frequency ; switching frequency modelling ; high frequency switching power supply ; field-programmable gate array ; three-phase bridgeless rectifier ; ice melting ; AC–DC power converters ; hybrid power filter ; PSpice ; microgrid control ; total harmonic distortion ; grid-connected inverter ; dynamic PV model ; fuzzy ; boost converter ; SiC PV Supply ; voltage doubling ; nonlinear control ; distributed control ; power system operation and control ; one phase open circuit fault (1-Ph) ; direct torque control (DTC) ; battery modeling ; non-linear phenomena ; frequency-domain analysis ; advanced controllers ; vector control ; fixed-frequency double integral sliding-mode (FFDISM) ; power converters ; modulation index ; DC-DC buck converter ; small signal stability analysis ; active equalization ; voltage source inverter ; hardware-in-the-loop ; current source ; synchronization ; grid-connected VSI ; synchronous generator ; fault tolerant control ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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