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  • England  (136)
  • Chemistry  (39)
  • Bacteria  (30)
  • General Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Freshwater Biological Association  (150)
  • National Rivers Authority North West
  • 1
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    The effect of abstraction on fish and fisheries (2021)
    National Rivers Authority North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/10972 | 1256 | 2013-03-26 13:52:57 | 10972 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: This is the report on the Effect of Abstraction on Fish and Fisheries presented at the 24th IFM Annual Study Course, The Changing Face of Fisheries September 1993 at Cardiff.Water is abstracted from rivers for a wide variety of uses and causing potential for conflicts between abstracters, fisheries and conservation interests, especially during natural low flows. It looks at the potential effects that flow reduction has over various stages of salmonids at various stages of their life history. The flow at the time of smolt migration has been found to be positively correlated with the number of returning adults, and flow is considered to be one of the most important environmental factors inducing salmonids to enter fresh water and ascend rivers. The importance of time series data on fish stocks and angling success together with models which ultimately relate discharge to standing stock are discussed in relation to the setting up of Minimum Acceptable Flows.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; National River Authority ; Water abstractions ; Environmental assessment ; Population dynamics ; Salmonids ; Minimum Acceptable Flows ; Migratory Fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 2
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    The Kent estuary 1992 surveys. Summary of results (2021)
    National Rivers Authority North West | UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11099 | 1256 | 2013-04-03 15:27:43 | 11099 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: This is the Kent estuary 1992 surveys: Summary of results produced by the National Rivers Authority in 1993. The report summarises routine and baseline water quality surveys carried out on the Kent estuary during 1992. Baseline surveys are designed to respond to regional, national, and European requirements. During 1992 baseline surveys were carried out in June and December. Unfortunately, in June, samples could only be taken from stations 3, 7 and 8. For ease of interpretation the results have been presented in graph form, including the maximum and minimum parameter concentration and the appropriate Environmental Quality Standards (EQS). The parameters measured in this survey were physical parameters (temperature, BOD, dissolved oxygen, Ph, salinity, conductivity); nutrients (ammonia, phosphate, and nitrate); metals (Mercury, Nickel, Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Cooper, Boron, and Zinc) and organic compounds.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: + tables, figures and appendices
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; Kent estuary ; Arnside ; Estuary ; Coastal waters ; Environmental survey ; Water quality ; Environmental assessment ; Bathing waters ; EQS
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    Type: monograph
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  • 3
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    River Ehen and Calder sub catchment Management Plan (2021)
    National Rivers Authority North West | UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/10955 | 1256 | 2013-03-26 13:56:21 | 10955 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: This is the River Ehen and Calder sub catchment management plan: Consultation Report September 1993 produced by the National Rivers Authority (NRA) North West Region in 1993. The report focuses on the management plan of both River Catchments Ehen and Calder, in North West England, UK. The Catchment Management Plan (C.M.P.) enabled the NRA to summarise the status of the catchment, identify the main issues and present its vision of the future. It provides a strategic policy framework for its Management and influences decision making leading to improvements in the water environment. The report contains sections on Description of Catchment, Catchment uses by NRA function, Target and objectives of the plan, Summary of Issues and Catchment Issues. The section on description of Catchment includes a general description, Transport, Geology, major services, summary of key details, area, topography, administrative details, main towns and population, water quality Sewage Treatment Works Trade effluent discharges, Water Resources, flood defence and land drainage and Fisheries.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Management ; England ; Ehen ; Calder ; Inland waters ; Coastal waters ; Rivers ; Freshwater lakes ; Freshwater pollution ; Migratory species ; Fish stocks ; Fisheries ; Nature conservation ; Water management ; Water quality
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 4
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    On the nutrition of Polyphemus pediculus (L.). [Translation from: Trudy Instituta Biologii Vnutrennykh Vodnany 12(15) 170-174, 1966.] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4787 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:54:01 | 4787 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: Many sides of the biology of Polyphemus pediculus are adequately studied at the present time. Most complicated is the question of its feeding. Dissection does not give an idea of the composition of the food, since Polyphemus strongly grinds its food with its mandibles. For clarification of the composition of the food of Polyphemus pediculus, the authors carried out in July and August 1962 a series of experiments with the application of radio-carbon methods in order to judge the degree of utilization of one or other foods by the quantity of C14, accumulated in the body of the crustacean after feeding. Particular attention in these experiments was given to the question of the possibility of the utilization by polyphemus of plant food - bacteria, algae and detritus.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater crustaceans ; Food composition ; Feeding ; Algae ; Carbon 14 ; Bacteria ; Detritus ; Polyphemus pediculus
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  • 5
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    Generation time and utilization of energy by aquatic bacteria. [Translation from: Trudy Instituta Biologii Vnutrennykh Vodnany 11(14), 198-202, 1966.] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4793 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:52:47 | 4793 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: Recent research has shown that the biomass of bacteria in lakes and other water-bodies can attain significant values. The huge production of bacteria is brought about by their great rate of reproduction. In a series of cases their biomass exceeds the biomass of phytoplankton. Therefore in a study of the biological productivity of water bodies it is necessary to calculate the biomass and production not only of the phyto- and zooplankton, but also of bacteria.The authors uses different methods and formulae to to compare the time of one generation of the bacteria.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Bacteria ; Biomass ; Formulae ; Growth rate ; Russia ; Lake Batorin
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  • 6
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    On methods of evaluation of bacterial production. [Translation from: Lietuvas TSR Mokslu Akademijos Darbai, C Serija 2(55) 3-9, 1971.] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4812 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:51:26 | 4812 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: By now a great deal of work is known concerning the methods of determining the production of bacteria or similar questions; among these the problems of a common terminology is discussed. The article discusses formulae of production of bacterial populations over time.
    Description: Translated into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Bacteria ; Population number ; Formulae ; Terminology
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  • 7
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    The changes in various iron compounds in culture media for algae. [Translation from: Archiv fur Hydrobiologie Supplemente Band 38(1/2) 151-169, 1970.] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4839 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:49:48 | 4839 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: The purpose of this work is a contribution to the quantitative record of the use of iron by planktonic algae. Preliminary experiments with Chlorella to determine the rate of iron intake in the presence of inorganic sources of iron did not produce the desired result. The crucial point of this work is the investigation of the influence of various external factors on the stability of FeEDTA (FeEDTA = Ferric(III)-compound of ethylene-diamine tetra-acetic acid), since this compound appears to be particularly well-suited as a source of iron for planktonic algae (e.g. TAMIYA et al. 1953). Cultures of Chlorella fusca in a light thermostat were used in experimental research. Methods and results are discussed.
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Biometrics ; Biological sampling ; Geographical distribution ; Population density ; Population characteristics ; Population number ; Freshwater crustaceans ; Population dynamics
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 8
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    Determination of dissolved oxygen in water with leukoberbelin-blue I. A quick Winkler method. [Translation from: Z.analyt.Chem. 262 97-99, 1972.] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4843 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:49:28 | 4843 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: The reaction of Mn(II) with water-dissolved oxygen, to a higher manganese hydroxide in an alkaline medium, as with the longstanding classic Winkler method, is the first step in the method described here. The assumption for faultless results by the conventional and modified Winkler method is clean water, which contains no organic substances by Mn(III) or Mn(IV). In many cases, however, eg. in river and lake-water tests, it can be seen with the naked eye that after some time the originally brown-coloured precipitate of manganese hydroxide becomes more and more colourless. Oxygen content was analysed in the water samples and evaluated by raising the amount of the leuko-base and giving the corresponding dilution of the colouring matter solution formed still higher oxygen contents can be measured.
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Methodology ; Experimental research ; Dissolved oxygen ; Analytical techniques ; Water analysis
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  • 9
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    Determination of the activity of nitrifying bacteria in surface waters by a modified BOD-test. [Translation from: Zentbl.Bakt.Parasitkde 156(1) 414-421, 1972. ] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4844 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:49:32 | 4844 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: A modified method of the Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)test was applied in order to find out the seasonal changing activity of the nitrifying bacteria in surface waters. Samples were taken from the River Elbe near Teufelsbrueck.
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Experimental research ; Dissolved oxygen ; Analytical techniques ; Water analysis ; Nitrification ; Bacteria ; Surface water
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  • 10
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    Nitrogen and phosphorus forms in water and the food requirements of algae. [Translation from: Wiadomosci Ekologiczne 19 238-244, 1973. ] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4848 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:49:18 | 4848 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: When dissolved in water, compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus ought to contain the basic assimilated food requirements for autotrophic plants and therefore autotrophic algae. This article summarises the occurrence of nitrogen in water, how species of algae utilize nitrogen and phosphorus forms for growth and the capacities of algae to adapt to environments of different nutrient wealth. This topic has unquestionable importance not only for the purpose of survival of a species but also in deciding indirectly about the stability of ecosystems.
    Description: Translated from Polish into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Limnology ; Algae ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Nutritional requirements ; Bacteria ; Organic compounds
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  • 11
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    Physiology of nitrate reduction in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. [Translation from: Z.allg.Mikrobiol. 13, 83-94, 1973.] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4856 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:48:26 | 4856 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: Pseudomonas aeruginosa has for some time been known as a denitrifier. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was chosen for further studies, because P. aeruginosa occurs abundantly in Plusssee and moreover there are contradictory assertions on the gas products of denitrification by this bacteria. In experimental research the pattern of growth and gas production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on nutrient broth was studied.
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Experimental research ; Bacteria ; Freshwater lakes ; Growth ; Microbiological culture ; Plusssee
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  • 12
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    Studies on heterotrophic nitrification in a lake. [Translation from: Z.allg.Mikrobiol. 12 567-574, 1973. ] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4850 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:48:48 | 4850 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: In a lake the nitrogen compounds are liable to regular cycling in which nitrate is reduced and ammonium oxidised. As a nitrate maximum is regularly established in the upper part of the hypolimnion of a stratified summer lake, the authors have dealt in particular with the oxidising side of the nitrogen cycle. Described here are partial results of the nitrification in Plusssee. The Plusssee was chosen, since it is almost entirely without inflows, and, lying in a wooded basin, is well protected from the wind, and therefore stably stratified. In order to determine the number of autotrophic nitrificants the distribution of the Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter spores in the lake were analysed. From the estimates on the determination of spore numbers of the heterotrophic nitrificants, 14 species in the pure culture were isolated and examined from morphological, biochemical and taxonomic viewpoints.
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Bacteria ; Ammonia ; Freshwater lakes ; Nitrification ; Nitrogen cycle
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  • 13
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    Relationship of dimensions and weight in freshwater planktonic crustaceans. [Translation from: Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 84(1) 153-156, 1952. ] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4857 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:48:28 | 4857 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: There is no doubt that determination of the biomass of zooplankton (primarily of crustaceans) will be taken into consideration in practice and limnological works, especially after the recent publication of fairly comprehensive tables of weights of a whole range of species of freshwater copepods and cladocerans. The usefulness of applying formulae of determining the biomass of marine crustaceans for freshwater copepods is discussed.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater crustaceans ; Zooplankton ; Biomass ; Formulae
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  • 14
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    For the determination of iron (II) and total iron with 2,2'-dipyridyl in mineral waters. Reduction of iron (III) with ascorbic acid [Translation from: Zeitschrift fur Analytische Chemie 209 340-341, 1965] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4877 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:47:02 | 4877 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: The determination of bi- and trivalent iron in proximity, in mineral waters has gained in significance, on biological and technical grounds. This short paper describes the procedure of the determination of bivalent iron and total iron in a water sample.
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Iron ; Acids ; Analytical techniques ; Minerals ; Water analysis
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  • 15
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    Radioautographic method of determination of number of bacteria in water-bodies [Translation from: Informatsionnyi Byulleten Biologiya Vnutrennikh Vod No.26, 65-67, 1975] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4884 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:46:23 | 4884 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The radioautographic method of determination of the number of autotrophic microorganisms was initially suggested for counting methane-oxidizing bacteria. With the help of this method colonies of hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria are differentiated even more clearly from heterotrophic. Under laboratory conditions it was shown that colonies grown on membrane filters from a pure culture of thionic bacteria on a nutrient medium with radio- active carbonate, give better prints on film. This method was tested by the authors for determining the number of these bacteria in the meromictic Lake Vae de San Juan during the expedition to Cuba in the summer of 1973. The study showed that that the thionic bacteria are found throughout the pelagial. It proved that the thionic bacteria can be well considered in water-bodies by the radioautographic method.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Photography ; Bacteria ; Methodology ; Analytical techniques ; Cuba
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  • 16
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    A simple method for counting bacteria with active electron transport system in water and sediment samples [Translation from: Kiel. Meeresforsch. 31(2) 83-86, 1975] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4903 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:44:11 | 4903 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: Description of a simple method for counting bacteria with active electron transport systems in water and sediment samples. Sodium succinate, NADH and NADPH served as electron donors. It is possible to see several sites of electron transport in the larger cells. Especially impressive are the plankton-algae, protozoa, and small metazoa. This is a partial translation of the ”method” section only.
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Water samples ; Bacteria ; Bacterial counters ; Bacterial filtration ; Methodology
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  • 17
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    Nitrification in marine ecosystems [Translation from: Rapp.Naturvardsverket SNVPM No.1213, 157-166, 1980] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4964 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:39:04 | 4964 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The nitrification in the ocean is influenced by several environmental factors and the importance of these is more or less known. There are very likely many more to be discovered in the study of the interaction of nitrification bacteria and other micro-organisms in the ocean. Some of the factors to be considered will briefly be dealt with in this paper. Then the authors give the results of an incubation experiment in the Baltic Sea and from a detailed study in Gullmarn.
    Description: Translated from Swedish into English
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Ecology ; Oceanography ; Marine ecology ; Nitrification ; Experimental research ; Sediment analysis ; Bacteria ; Carbon fixation ; Nitrosococcus oceanus ; Nitrococcus mobilis
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  • 18
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    Ratio of natural isotopes of nitrogen. I. Primary results: soils of Dombes [Translation from: Revue d'Ecologie et de Biologie du Sol 14, 279-287, 1977] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4967 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:36:52 | 4967 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: Utilization of the heavy isotope of nitrogen as a tracer has found numerous applications in soil biology. It allows better definition of different stages of the nitrogen cycle, in particular the immobilization-mineralization cycle. In this work, the authors report the results of calculations of natural isotope ratios of nitrogen in samples of water, soil and vegetation prevailing in Dombes and discuss the possibilities of errors and coefficients of fractionation.
    Description: Translated from French into English
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Nitrogen isotopes ; Soils ; Tracers ; Bacteria ; Nitrogen compounds ; France ; Dombes
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  • 19
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    Experiments on the production of a highly dispersible calcium carbonate. ('Experimental section' only) [Translation from: Szklo i Ceramiki 30, 133-136, 1979] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4963 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:39:01 | 4963 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: This short translation summarises experiments on the production of a highly dispersible precipitate of calcium carbonate. The translation covers the 'Experimental section' (of the original larger paper) only.
    Description: Translated from Polish into English
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Experimental research ; Calcium carbonates ; Magnetic fields ; Ultrasonic devices
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  • 20
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    The role of infusoria and bacteria as food for Cyclopoida in Rybinsk Reservoir [Translation from: Trudy Instituta Biologii Vnutrennykh Vodnany 22(25), 37-42, 1971] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4975 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:37:31 | 4975 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: Despite the fact that it is a long time sinc e the methods of collection and quantitative estimatio n of protozoa were worked out data on the abundance of these animals in freshwaters are not very numerous. Nevertheless, Infusoria and Rhizopoda at high densities are widespread in the water and sediments of lakes and reservoirs. In order to find ou t the importance of infusoria as a food source for cyclopoids we carried out experimental investigations using C14. For this three species of cyclopoids, widely distributed in open regions of Rybinsk reservoir were selected: Cyclops vicinus, Mesocyclops oithonoides and Kesocyclops leuckarti. The data presented give evidence that the species investigated are able as predators to consume infusorian plankton arid bacteria in the form of flocs or small clumps of detritus.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Freshwater crustaceans ; Feeding experiments ; Bacteria ; Feeding ; Russia ; Cyclops vicinus ; Mesocyclops oithonoides ; Kesocyclops leuckarti
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  • 21
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    Chemical composition of Iraq water resources (abbreviated translation) [Translation from: Vodnye Resursy 1975(4,) 173-185] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4988 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:36:31 | 4988 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: This abbreviated translation summarises the chemical composition of Iraq water resources. Among the described water bodies are the River Euphrates, Shatt al Arab River and a number of standing waters.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Inland water environment ; Inland waters ; Water analysis ; Iraq
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  • 22
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    Mechanism of mass transfer in the formation of hydrothermal deposits of sulphides [Translation from: Trudy Inst.Geol.rudn.Mesterozh. 16, 80 [pages 44-46 ”Solubility of sulphides of iron” only], 1958] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4980 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:38:06 | 4980 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: This partial translation of the original paper provides the summary of this study of the mechanism of mass transfer in the formation of hydrothermal deposits of sulphides. For determining the solubility of sulphides of iron, the radioactive isotope Fe59 was used. The solubility of two sulphides was determined.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Sulphide deposits ; Sulphides ; Hydrothermal deposits ; Iron isotopes ; Solubility
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Some data on the content of organic carbon in rivers in the winter months. [Translation from: Gidrochim. Mat. 23, 36-38, 1955] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5054 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:29:08 | 5054 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Observations are reported on the content of organic matter in the Moscow region in 1941. Some data is given on alkalinity, oxygen content and colourisation of the rivers.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Limnology ; Rivers ; Organic matter ; Alkalinity ; Dissolved oxygen ; Colour
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  • 24
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    Water temperature studies on the R. North Tyne after impoundment by Kielder dam. 3. Preliminary examination of water temperature data (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5102 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:24:35 | 5102 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: The report describes the results of preliminary analyses of data obtained from a series of water temperature loggers sited at various distances (0.8 to 21.8 km) downstream of Kielder dam on the River North Tyne and in two natural tributaries. The report deals with three aspects of the water temperature records: An analysis of an operational aspect of the data sets for selected stations, a simple examination of the effects of impoundment upon water temperature at or close to the point of release, relative to natural river temperatures, and an examination of rate of change of monthly means of daily mean, maximum, minimum and range (maximum - minimum) with distance downstream of the point of release during 1983.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Water temperature ; Water temperature data ; Calibration ; Monitoring systems ; Data loggers ; England ; Kielder Waters
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    Aspects of the washout of salmonid eggs. 2. Effects of drifting on development and survival of eggs of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5096 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:24:47 | 5096 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: At high stream discharges salmonid eggs can he displaced from the gravel and may drift downstream. It has been suggested that developing salmonid eggs may be killed by ”physical shock”, especially during the period before ”eyeing”. Similarly, a progress report by the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission (1966) states that salmonid eggs are most sensitive during the period between fertilisation and blastopore closure. However, it would seem unlikely that this sensitivity actually begins at the time of fertilisation because, in nature, a period, perhaps measured in hours, must occur during which the newly-fertilised eggs are exposed to physical shock during the deposition of gravel over them as a result of the cutting activity of the female fish. The present report describes simple channel experiments designed to answer the two questions: 1. After release of eggs from the gravel, does the process of drifting downstream, which implies some physical shock through movement and impact, decrease the survival of salmonid eggs? 2. Is the survival rate-influenced by the stage of development of the eggs?
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Freshwater ecology ; Rivers ; Freshwater fish ; Life cycle ; Channels ; Experimental research ; Fish eggs ; England ; Grassholme
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
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  • 26
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    Calibration of Grassholme Channels, 1982 (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5101 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:24:37 | 5101 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Adjustment of experimental channels to give any specified pattern of water depth or velocity is complex and tedious because it involves a number of variables. Since some variables are not controllable and variables may interact, valve settings of the Grassholme channels were initially determined on an ad hoc basis to suit individual experiments. This method was used during 1982 but additional observations were made in order to gain more detailed understanding of the channel system and, as far as possible, to develop a guide to future short-cuts in attaining suitable channel settings for any given purpose. This report describes calibration of the Grassholme channels (using water of the Grassholme Reservoir) for the biological experiments of spring - summer 1982. The main variables that are discussed are valve turns and discharge and velocity and depth. It also seeks to establish relationships which will be of value in future managment of the channels for experimental purposes.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Channels ; Experimental data ; Water management ; Calibration ; Testing ; Depth ; England ; Grassholme
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    Format: application/pdf
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  • 27
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    A survey of aquatic invertebrates of the Somerset Levels, August 13-14, 1981 (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | East Stoke, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5098 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:24:41 | 5098 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Since 1975 the wildlife interest of the Somerset Levels and Moors have been assessed. Detailed information has been obtained on the conservation interest of meadows, breeding and wintering bird populations and the botany of aquatic habitats (rhynes). Little work to date has been carried out on the terrestrial and aquatic invertebrate fauna. The prime aim of this survey was to sample a wide variety of rhynes in order to obtain information on the nature and distribution of aquatic invertebrates.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater ecology ; Invertebrate larvae ; Canals ; Limnological surveys ; Aquatic insects ; England ; Somerset
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 17
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  • 28
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    Composition and bulk properties of Dorset river gravels (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5103 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:24:32 | 5103 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Considerable interest has been expressed in the composition of the stream gravels, the movement of bed materials and the relationship of sediment composition, packing and siltation of void space to invertebrate ecology. In the autumn of 1982, freeze-samples of gravel were obtained in Dorset streams. Data were required on the depth of salmonid egg pocke and were part of a broader investigation of regional variation in the independent variables of salmonid fish length, gravel size, current velocity and the resultant dependent variable ~egg burial depth. The Dorset river gravels examined are bimodal. The grain size distribution may be resolved into two near-normal frequency distributions interpreted as representing a primary framework or lattice of gravel particles into which a secondary matrix population of sand particles has penetrated.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Rivers ; Grain flow ; Granulometry ; Detritus ; England ; Dorset
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Scour and fill in cobble-bedded streams (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5100 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:24:39 | 5100 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Scour and deposition have been measured in two small cobble-bedded upland streams, for two years. Grids of scour chains were inserted in the bed and relocated after the passage of individual hydrographs. Scour, fill and the area of the bed affected by these processes were recorded. The relationship between mean scour or fill and maximum scour or fill is assessed. In addition, the relationship between the depth of scour and the sediment transport rate as bedload is discussed briefly.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater ecology ; Limnological surveys ; Sedimentation ; Scour and fill ; England ; Teesdale
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    Advisory report on nutrient levels and related ecology of Malham Tarn (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5092 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:25:26 | 5092 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Aspects of reported nutrient levels and their ecological implications for Malham Tarn are discussed. Discussion centres upon the data given here as appendices, involving possible evidence of a long-term increase in the concentrations of some nutrients (especially nitrate) of significance for the Tarn's ecology and conservation. Further comparative tests of some methods of chemical analysis employed in obtaining those data are reported.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater ecology ; Freshwater lakes ; Nutrients (mineral) ; Nitrates ; Phosphorus ; Alkalinity ; Methodology ; Ultraviolet radiation ; Hydrology ; England ; Malham Tarn
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    Aspects of the washout of salmonid eggs. 3. Observations on the settlement of artifical eggs in a section of natural stream channel at several different discharges (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5097 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:24:43 | 5097 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: It is of value to know the approximate distance of travel at different stream discharges and/or water velocities, of salmonid eggs which have been displaced from redds by spates. This report describes studies in 20 m of stream channel upstream of the fish trap in Dubby Sike. Observations were made on the relation- ships between discharge and water depth and velocity and also on the relationships between water velocity and the settlement of artificial trout eggs. The main aim was to test the hypothesis that, at any given water velocity, eggs would drift smaller distances in a natural stream than in the experimental channels.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Freshwater ecology ; Rivers ; Freshwater fish ; Channels ; Experimental research ; Fish eggs ; England ; Grassholme
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    Infiltration of fine and coarse sand into an open-work gravel bed (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5105 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:23:25 | 5105 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: The siltation of an experimental gravel bed, with three grades of sand moving in suspension and as bedload, was examined. The rate of infiltration of sand into the void space of the gravel was determined under differing conditions of discharge, water depth, and velocity (jointly expressed as variation in the Froude Number) and suspended sediment concentration. The downstream reduction in siltation from the point source was also examined.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Experimental data ; Gravel ; River beds ; Resuspended sediments ; Silting ; Velocity ; England ; Teesdale
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  • 33
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    Turbidity and the suspended sediment load of the regulated River Tees (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5104 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:23:57 | 5104 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: The physical effects of river regulation in the U.K. by impoundments have attracted most attention from hydrologists and engineers concerned with predicting and maintaining discharge regimes for water supply. Grimshaw & Lewin (1980) suggested two basic methods to investigate the effects of regulation on suspended sediment discharge: (i) Compare the river load before and after reservoir construction, and (ii) adopt a paired catchment approach. The former method assumes stationarity of process in the natural system. The latter method, involving selecting two adjacent catchments of similar physical attributes, one regulated and one unregulated, assumes constancy of process spatially. In this report both approaches are adopted to examine the turbidity and suspended sediment concentration regime of the regulated River Tees. Neither approach was entirely satisfactory in the present case. This report examines the discharge and turbidity record consisting of approximately 4000 paired data points, representative of an 11-year post-impoundment period, that has been examined for the River Tees at Broken Scar, Darlington. A small amount of suspended sediment concentration data was also processed: these data are representative of both the pre-impoundment and post-impoundment sediment regime.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Rivers ; Grain flow ; Granulometry ; Detritus ; England ; Dorset
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  • 34
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    Progress on the salmon investigation (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5110 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:23:55 | 5110 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: An article detailing some of the conclusions of the salmon investigation undertaken by the author, on the River Eden and its tributaries, for the previous few years. It is proposed that seasonal changes in young salmon growth are related to water temperature variation. A figure is included showing length of fish compared to the average temperature of water in the River Eden over a two year duration. The article describes comparative work undertaken to date between three streams within the Thurso watershed and the River Eden. A table is included showing the average size of fish in each of the watercourses compared. Laboratory experiments on the effects of temperature on young salmon are outlined, as well as investigative work undertaken into the realtionship between fish scales and fish length.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Water temperature ; Freshwater fish ; Length ; Scales ; Seasonal variations ; Feeding ; Temperature effects ; Annual reports ; Salmo salar ; England ; Scotland
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    Invertebrate animals of the Lake District (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5109 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:23:53 | 5109 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater molluscs ; Aquatic insects ; Invertebrate larvae ; Aquatic organisms ; Annual reports ; Corixidae ; Coleoptera ; England ; Lake District
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Information science and the scientist. A look at information requirements and the technologies available to scientists in the pursuit of information (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5124 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:23:13 | 5124 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: A review article looking at the type of information requirements commonly shared by scientists and their use of traditional information services. Areas covered include primary requirements of IFE (Institute of Freshwater Ecology) staff, pure versus applied research, informal and personal sources of information, and traditional library and information services. It goes on to describe how research into information systems and technology may improve the wider accessibility and use of information to the scientific community. Technologies covered include online databases, telecommunications, gateways, expert systems, optical technology and applications of CDROM.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Environment ; Information Management ; Freshwater ecology ; Research institutions ; Research ; Information scientists ; Information services ; Annual reports ; England ; Lake District
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 55-67
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  • 37
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    Strategic ecosystem studies of large slow flowing lowland rivers. Progress report: April - October 1989 (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5237 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:13:37 | 5237 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This report covers the period April to September, 1989. During this period sampling of invertebrates has concentrated on planktonic animals and those associated with one of the dominant macrophytes in the system, Nuphar lutea, the yellow water lily, since these are particularly important in the diets of larval and juvenile cyprinid fish. A proportion of samples has been partly analysed and some preliminary data are presented here.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Environment ; Limnology ; Aquatic plants ; Plankton ; Biological sampling ; Invertebrate larvae ; Pesticides ; England ; Godmanchester
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 11
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  • 38
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    Final report on the updating service on environmental chemicals in freshwater for the period 9.1.89 to 9.7.89 (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5238 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:13:42 | 5238 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This report presents five batches of data which have been despatched to the Joint Research Centre, Ispra. The data as been allocated to various ECDIN (Environmental Chemicals Data and Information Network) files. The data comprises environmental chemicals in the freshwater environment, taking in paricular consideration: aquatic toxicity, bioaccumulation, metabolism and elimination biodegradation.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Data ; Data processing ; Data collections ; Chemical compounds ; Toxicity ; Bioaccumulation ; Biodegradation ; Metabolism
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 8
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  • 39
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    Corroborative studies on the effects of sample variation on three macroinvertebrate biological assessment methods at different water quality states (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5259 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:09:27 | 5259 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: In recent collaborative biological sampling exercises organised by the Nottingham Regional Laboratory of the Severn-Trent Water Authority, the effect of handnet sampling variation on the quality and usefulness of the data obtained has been questioned, especially when this data is transcribed into one or more of the commonly used biological methods of water quality assessment. This study investigates if this effect is constant at sites with similar typography but differing water quality states when the sampling method is standardized and carried out by a single operator. An argument is made for the use of a lowest common denominator approach to give a more consistent result and obviate the effect of sampling variation on these biological assessment methods.
    Description: Bilateral study of methods 2 - Pollution Report No.8
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Sampling ; Samplers ; Methodology ; Standardization ; Rivers ; Invertebrate larvae ; England ; Trent River
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  • 40
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    Investigations on phytoplankton with special reference to water usage (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5281 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:11:31 | 5281 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Experiments and observations on the phytoplankton of certain lakes in the English Lake District were made from early 1973 to the end of March, 1974. They included laboratory and lake bioassays and observations on the quantity and quality of the phytoplankton in six lakes. The introductory sections of the report are about algae, the ecology of phytoplankton and the scope of the contracted work. Laboratory bioassays on water from one lake, Blelham Tarn, showed that phosphorus, silicon (for diatoms) and organic substances forming complexes with iron were the major substances limiting the growth of the algae tested. The growth of the test algae was limited to different degrees by those substances and, to some extent, to a greater or lesser degree at different times of year. It is suggested that a relatively simple form of bioassay could give valuable information to water undertakings. Lake bioassays and other experiments were carried out by using large in situ tubular plastic enclosures. Two such investigations are described. The effects of a change in sewerage in two drainage basins on the phytoplankton of three lakes is described and some data given about changes since 1945 in three other lakes in the same overall drainage basin. These latter lakes have been affected too by changes in sewerage and by increasing inputs of domestic and agricultural wastes. Throughout, the relevance of the work done to practical problems of water usage is kept in mind and discussed. In the last section special reference is made to the largely unpredictable results of water transfers. The report ends with a note on river phytoplankton.
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Management ; Phytoplankton ; Water use ; Water supply ; Freshwater lakes ; Bioassays ; Tests ; Controlled conditions ; Thermal stratification ; Tubing ; Nutrients (mineral) ; Diatoms ; England ; English Lake District
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  • 41
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    The predicting power of models for eutrophication (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5287 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:00 | 5287 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Restoration of water-bodies from eutrophication has proved to be extremely difficult. Mathematical models have been used extensively to provide guidance for management decisions. The aim of this paper is to elucidate important problems of using models for predicting environmental changes. First, the necessity for a proper uncertainty assessment of the model, upon calibration, has not been widely recognized. Predictions must not be a single time trajectory; they should be a band, expressing system uncertainty and natural variability. Availability of this information may alter the decision to be taken. Second, even with well-calibrated models, there is no guarantee they will give correct projections in situations where the model is used to predict the effects of measures designed to bring the system into an entirely different ”operating point”, as is typically the case in eutrophication abatement. The concept of educated speculation is introduced to partially overcome this difficulty. Lake Veluwe is used as a case to illustrate the point. Third, as questions become more detailed, such as ”what about expected algal composition”, there is a greater probability of running into fundamental problems that are associated with predicting the behaviour of complex non-linear systems. Some of these systems show extreme initial condition sensitivity and even, perhaps, chaotic behaviour, and are therefore fundamentally unpredictable.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Phytoplankton ; Freshwater lakes ; Models ; Growth ; Modelling ; Equations ; Bacteria ; Prediction ; Netherlands ; Veluwemeer Lake
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    A control of gas-vacuolate cyanobacteria (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5301 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:07:11 | 5301 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The cyanobacteria that cause problems in water supply are principally the colonial forms that are buoyed up by gas vesicles. The success of these organisms is due, in part, to their gas vesicles, which enable them to perform vertical migrations or to maintain themselves in the euphotic zone. The gas vesicles are also the root cause of the problems. In calm periods they cause the cyanobacteria to float to the water surface forming noxious scums, and they may prevent the colonies from sedimenting in water treatment plants. Gas vesicles are hollow, gas-filled structures; they are rigid but can be collapsed by the application of pressure. Their critical collapse pressure is influenced by their dimensions, which vary in different organisms. Gas vesicles are formed by the assembly of two types of protein, which determine their mechanical and physical properties. Methods for collapsing gas vesicles in natural populations of cyanobacteria will be considered. They may have application to the control of cyanobacteria in water supply.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Gases ; Buoyancy ; Algae ; Bacteria ; Photosynthesis ; Growth ; Competition
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 43
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    Changes of water quality and sediment phosphorus of a small productive lake following decreased phosphorus loading (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5293 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:08:09 | 5293 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Esthwaite Water is the most productive or eutrophic lake in the English Lake District. Since 1945 its water quality has been determined from weekly or biweekly measurements of temperature, oxygen, plant nutrients and phytoplankton abundance. The lake receives phosphorus from its largely lowland-pasture catchment, sewage effluent from the villages of Hawkshead and Near Sawrey, and from a cage-culture fish farm. From 1986 phosphorus has been removed from the sewage effluent of Hawkshead which was considered to contribute between 47% and 67% of the total phosphorus loading to the lake. At the commencement of phosphorus removal regular measurements of phosphorus in the superficial 0-4 cm layer of lake sediment were made from cores collected at random sites. Since 1986 the mean annual concentration of alkali-extractable sediment phosphorus has decreased by 23%. This change is not significant at the 5% level but nearly so. There has been no marked change in water quality over this period. Summer dominance of blue-green algae which arose in the early 1980s after decline of the previous summer forms, Ceratium spp., has been maintained. Improvement in water quality is unlikely to be achieved at the present phosphorus loading.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Freshwater lakes ; Limnological surveys ; Phosphorus ; Phytoplankton ; Primary production ; Sediment analysis ; Water quality ; England ; Esthwaite Water
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    Cultural methods of detection for microorganisms: recent advances and successes (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5317 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:35 | 5317 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Most microbiological methods require culture to allow organisms to recover or to selectively increase, and target organisms are identified by growth on specific agar media. Many cultural methods take several days to complete and even then the results require confirmation. Alternative techniques include the use of chromogenic and fluorogenic substances to identify bacteria as they are growing, selective capture using antibodies after short periods of growth, molecular techniques, and direct staining with or without flow cytometry for enumeration and identification. Future microbiologists may not use culture but depend on the use of specific probes and sophisticated detection systems.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Water quality ; Microorganisms ; Methodology ; Detection ; Bacteria ; Cultured organisms ; Enzymes ; Immunofluorescence ; Flow cytometry ; Microbiological culture
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    The microbiological quality of water: the nature of the problem (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5315 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:06:22 | 5315 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Improvements in methods for the detection and enumeration of microbes in water, particularly the application of techniques of molecular biology, have highlighted shortcomings in the ”standard methods” for assessing water quality. Higher expectations from the consumer and increased publicity associated with pollution incidents can lead to an uncoupling of the cycle which links methodological development with standard-setting and legislation. The new methodology has also highlighted problems within the water cycle, related to the introduction, growth and metabolism of microbes. A greater understanding of the true diversity of the microbial community and the ability to transmit genetic information within aquatic systems ensures that the subject of this symposium and volume provides an ideal forum to discuss the problems encountered by both researcher and practitioner.
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Water quality ; Microbiology ; Microorganisms ; Hydrologic cycle ; Methodology ; Bacteria ; Bacterial counters ; Public health ; Microbial contamination ; Primary production ; Fungi ; Cryptosporidium
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    Detection of specific bacteria in water: implications of survival strategy (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5318 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:37 | 5318 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: It is widely recognised that conventional culture techniques may underestimate true viable bacterial numbers by several orders of magnitude. The basis of this discrepancy is that a culture in or on media of high nutrient concentration is highly selective (either through ”nutrient shock” or failure to provide vital co-factors) and decreases apparent diversity; thus it is unrepresentative of the natural community. In addition, the non-culturable but viable state (NCBV) is a strategy adopted by some bacteria as a response to environmental stress. The basis for the non-culturable state is that cells placed in conditions present in the environment cannot be recultured but can be shown to maintain their viability. Consequently, these cells would not be detected by standard water quality techniques that are based on culture. In the case of pathogens, it may explain outbreaks of disease in populations that have not come into contact with the pathogen. However, the NCBV state is difficult to attribute, due to the failure to distinguish between NCBV and non-viable cells. This article will describe experiences with the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and the application of molecular techniques for its detection and physiological analysis.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Bacteria ; Bacterial diseases ; Detection ; Methodology ; Molecular biology ; Microbiological culture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    The impact of molecular biology on assessment of water quality: advantages and limitations of current techniques (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5316 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:33 | 5316 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The advent of molecular biology has had a dramatic impact on all aspects of biology, not least applied microbial ecology. Microbiological testing of water has traditionally depended largely on culture techniques. Growing understanding that only a small proportion of microbial species are culturable, and that many microorganisms may attain a viable but non-culturable state, has promoted the development of novel approaches to monitoring pathogens in the environment. This has been paralleled by an increased awareness of the surprising genetic diversity of natural microbial populations. By targeting gene sequences that are specific for particular microorganisms, for example genes that encode diagnostic enzymes, or species-specific domains of conserved genes such as 16S ribosomal RNA coding sequences (rrn genes), the problems of culture can be avoided. Technical developments, notably in the area of in vitro amplification of DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), now permit routine detection and identification of specific microorganisms, even when present in very low numbers. Although the techniques of molecular biology have provided some very powerful tools for environmental microbiology, it should not be forgotten that these have their own drawbacks and biases in sampling. For example, molecular techniques are dependent on efficient lysis and recovery of nucleic acids from both vegetative forms and spores of microbial species that may differ radically when growing in the laboratory compared with the natural environment. Furthermore, PCR amplification can introduce its own bias depending on the nature of the oligonucleotide primers utilised. However, despite these potential caveats, it seems likely that a molecular biological approach, particularly with its potential for automation, will provide the mainstay of diagnostic technology for the foreseeable future.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Water quality ; Microbiology ; Microorganisms ; Methodology ; Molecular biology ; DNA ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Detection ; RNA ; Bacteria ; Bacterial diseases
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Biodiversity in drinking water distribution systems:a brief review (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5323 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:12 | 5323 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: In drinking water distribution systems, three groups of living organisms are usually found in the biofilm and circulating water: heterotrophic bacteria, free-living protozoa, and macro-invertebrates. Indirect evidence suggests that protozoa grazing in distribution systems can partially eliminate biomass production and accidental microbiological pollution. This paper examines the biodiversit in drinking water distribution systems.
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Water supply ; Biodiversity ; Food chains ; Bacteria ; Invertebrate larvae ; Escherichia coli
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 63-70
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  • 49
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    Persistence of viable but non-culturable bacteria during the production and distribution of drinking water (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5322 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:32 | 5322 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The direct measurement of in situ respiring bacteria using 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) shows that, especially for Gram-negative bacteria, large numbers of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria are present in finished water from a conventional water treatment plant, and the regrowth of bacteria along distribution networks can be seen rapidly by using this very sensitive technique. The level of bacterial inactivation with chlorine is much less important than has been previously supposed (based on experiments with non-injured laboratory strains of bacteria and classical culture techniques). Threshold values of VBNC bacteria leaving water treatment plants or regrowing along distribution systems have to be determined for better control of coliform regrowth and health- risks associated with the consumption of drinking water.
    Keywords: Biology ; Health ; Limnology ; Water supply ; Water treatment ; Bacteria ; Microbiological culture ; Bacterial counters ; Staining ; Growth curves ; France
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 50
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    Immunodetection of planktonic algae (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5333 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:04:52 | 5333 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Interest in the identification and characterisation of cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates in aquatic environments is increasing rapidly due to the perceived roles of these organisms in primary production and nuisance aspects in terms of water treatment and public health. Techniques for the identification and quantification of these organisms currently are limited, and the application of molecular approaches provides fundamental taxonomic information and techniques of practical value. Antigenic properties of algal cells may be useful taxonomic markers. Immunodetection techniques utilise the specificity of the antibody/antigen association as a probe for recognising and distinguishing between microorganisms according to their cell- surface chemistry. Immunofluorescent detection of unicellular cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates has been studied with success in marine and freshwater ecosystems and a range of techniques and results are presented and discussed. The most recent advances in the study of planktonic algae have come with the application of continuous flow cytometric methods (CFC). Flow cytometry makes use of the autofluorescence properties of the algal cells, which alone can be used to demonstrate their presence and permit their quantification in natural water samples. When used in conjunction with immunolabelling techniques, the potential of CFC analysis is broadened to study the serological/strain composition of plankters in natural populations. Changes in algal strains represented within and between waters over periods of time are reported and discussed, along with the ecological issues thus raised.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Bacteria ; Methodology ; Algae ; Plankton ; Immunology ; Detection ; Toxicity tests ; Immunofluorescence ; Synechococcus ; Alexandrium tamarens ; Prorocentrum micans
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    The food of coarse fish (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5344 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:02:55 | 5344 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: Remarkably little has been published on the feeding habits of the non-salmonid fishes of British fresh waters. The following report briefly summarizes the results obtained from the examination of the stomach contents of some 2,700 fish, belonging to 19 species, which were obtained during 1939. The results of all examinations of gut contents were analysed, species by species, upon a simple basis of the presence of different types of food. Foodstuffs were divided up into six main categories— fish, molluscs, insects, crustaceans, higher plants together with filamentous algae, and diatoms—and the occurrence of members of any of these categories was recorded for each fish.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Coarse fish ; Feeding ; Feeding behaviour ; Fishery surveys ; Food organisms ; Gutting ; England
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: 315-322
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    Using RIVPACS for studies on conservation and biodiversity (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5343 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:02:34 | 5343 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: Invertebrate conservation relies not only on public support and political will, but also on possessing an adequate understanding of the distribution and ecology of invertebrate species and communities. In the UK, RIVPACS is making an important contribution to assessing the conservation importance of river invertebrate assemblages. So far, work has largely centred on using RIVPACS as an integral part of SERCON (System for Evaluating Rivers for Conservation), in which data collected using the standard RIVPACS method are interpreted with reference to conservation criteria such as species richness and representativeness. Applications of RIVPACS to other areas of conservation - whether providing information on the ecological requirements of rare species, monitoring the success of river restoration projects, or making broader assessments of sustainability - are probably more limited, but merit further examination. It is important to develop closer links between RIVPACS and techniques such as SERCON and RHS (River Habitat Survey) in order to maximise the benefit each can bring tostudies on conservation and biodiversity. It should also be recognised that there are limitations in transferring such systems to other countries where approaches to nature conservation may be very different.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Environment ; Limnology ; Classification systems ; Invertebrate larvae ; Rivers ; Computer programs ; Nature conservation ; Biodiversity ; Sustainability ; England
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Central area fisheries annual report 1994 (2021)
    National Rivers Authority North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8509 | 1256 | 2012-12-21 15:37:01 | 8509 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: The purpose of this report is to record key events/data and to outline the activities of the NRA Central Area Fisheries Function during 1994. The Rivers looked at include the Ribble, Lune, Hodder and Wyre. The issues that the report looks at includes Hydrological and meterological data, catch data for salmon and sea trout, fish kills, and fish stocking. It also lists the Micro-tag returns for 1994 and the six key objectives that the Central Area Fisheries Function has set itself for 1995. The report uses a range of different graphs and tables to display their data.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Rivers ; River fisheries ; Coarse fish ; Salmo salar ; Salmo trutta ; Stream flow ; Catch statistics ; Stock assessment ; Fish counters ; licensing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 49
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    Field validation of the 'Logie' fish counter at Forge weir on the River Lune, 1992 (2021)
    National Rivers Authority North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8532 | 1256 | 2012-12-21 15:13:52 | 8532 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: The stock assessment task group report (1991) mentions that fish counters could play a key role in providing data on the size of the adult stock, and in particular the migratory salmonid stock. This report assesses the performance of the 'logie' fish counter at Forge Weir on the River Lune. Using video surveillance, a total of 1137 hours time lapse and 15 hours real time were used for validation purposes. This report looks at materials and methods, counting accuracy, sizing ability and environmental conditions, performance across the electrode array and salmonid swimming speed.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Lune Catchment ; River Fisheries ; Fish counters ; Migratory species ; Salmon fisheries ; Environmental condtions
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    The calibration of a semi-quantitative approach to fish stock assessment in the North West Region of the NRA (2021)
    National Rivers Authority North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8531 | 1256 | 2012-12-21 15:14:38 | 8531
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: (1) A total of 45 sites was sampled, each being fished usingthe semi-quantitative and quantitative techniques.(2) A significant relationship existed between thesemi-quantitative and Quantitative results for all agegroups of salmonids (R2 83.4% to 96.1%, p 〈 0.0001).(3) The results from each site were categorised according toan existing classification system for quantitative andsemi-quantitative data. The semi-quantitative component ofthis system was modified using the results of thisinvestigation. The degree of error associated with sitesclassified semi-quantitatively was found to be slightlyless when using the modified system for 0+ salmon, 〉 0+salmon and 0+ trout, ranging from 10.5% to 30%.(4) Insufficient data points were available for the analysisof coarse fish data.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: + Appendices
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Cumbria ; Inland waters ; Freshwater fish ; Stock assessment ; Fish populations ; Environmental assessment ; Electric fishing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Summary of fishery statistics 1991 (2021)
    National Rivers Authority North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8365 | 1256 | 2012-03-04 21:55:18 | 8365 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: This fisheries report summarises developments of the year 1991 in the region of the North West Water Authority. It provides catch statistics, rod and line and commercial catches for salmon and sea trout, fish culture and hatchery operations, restocking with trout and freshwater fish, upstream fish movement recorded at authority fish counters, counts of salmon and sea trout spawning redds, fish mortalities, licences issued, and prosecutions. Among the streams that are covered in the report are the River Lune, River Kent, River Leven, River Duddon, River Ribble, River Wyre, River Derwent and River Esk.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Cumbria ; Lancashire ; Inland fisheries ; Fish catch statistics ; Angling ; Stock assessment ; Licensing ; Fishing mortality ; Redds ; Salmonid fisheries ; Migratory species ; Hatcheries ; Stocking (organisms)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    River Wyre - a migratory salmonid river (2021)
    National Rivers Authority North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8500 | 1256 | 2012-12-22 13:39:02 | 8500 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: This report has been prepared in response to a request from the National Rivers Authority. It produces a broad assessment of the River Wyre as a migratory salmonid river based on a site visit and the documentation provided, and looks at objectives of the Wyre salmon and sea trout restoration group. It also looks at ways for habitat improvement and recommends other possible means of fisheries management development for the River Wyre.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: + 15 plates
    Keywords: Ecology ; Environment ; Limnology ; England ; Wyre Catchment ; River fisheries ; Habitat improvement ; Migratory species ; spawning ; Salmo salar ; Salmo trutta ; Water quality
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    The River Lune fact file (2021)
    National Rivers Authority North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/7989 | 1256 | 2012-03-06 12:56:55 | 7989 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: This document provides a brief introduction to the River Lune catchment and the role that the National Rivers Authority plays in catchment management.Included are a map of the catchment and short introductions to fisheries and characteristics of the catchment.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: No date on publication, date given is estimated guess.
    Keywords: Conservation ; Environment ; Limnology ; England ; Lune Catchment ; Inland fisheries ; Catchment area ; Fishery management ; Nature conservation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Report on the 1992 stock assessment of the Wyre catchment (2021)
    National Rivers Authority North West | Preston, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8042 | 1256 | 2012-02-22 15:08:12 | 8042 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: The aim of this study was to assess the status of the juvenile salmonid and coarse fish populations of the Wyre catchment. Emphasis was placed on an examination of the distribution of spawning and nursery areas for salmonids within the study area and an assessment of the status of juvenile salmonid stocks. The species distribution and spawning areas for other fish species were also identified where possible and the status of the Wyre coarse fishery, downstream of Churchtown Weir, assessed. This report examines the results of stock assessment surveys carried out in the Wyre catchment between 2/06/92 and 11/08/92. Forty-six sites were surveyed from Tarnbrook Wyre (SD. 598577) and Marshaw Wyre (SD. 614541) downstream to St Michaels (SD. 465411). Flow, habitat and in-river obstructions have been shown to affect juvenile salmonid densities. A habitat description is provided for each site studied during the course of this study.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Wyre Catchment ; Salmo salar ; Salmo trutta ; Rivers ; River fisheries ; Salmon fisheries ; Fishery surveys ; Stock assessment ; Distribution ; Population number ; Length frequency
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Report on the 1994 juvenile salmon stocking study of Foxhouses and Grizedale Becks, River Wyre (2021)
    National Rivers Authority North West | Preston, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8044 | 1256 | 2012-02-22 15:07:40 | 8044 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of Foxhouses and Grizedale Becks as nursery habitat for juvenile salmon. A comprehensive fish stock assessment survey of the Wyre catchment was carried out by the NRA in 1992. This survey found that juvenile salmon were absent from two sites studied in Foxhouses Beck. In one site in Grizedale Beck, 0+ salmon were found at very low densities. Juvenile trout were found in all three sites studied in 1992. On the basis of the results of the 1992 survey, these two becks were stocked in 1994 with 0+ salmon reared from Lune broodstock at the NRA's Witcherwell Hatchery. These salmon were stocked at a known density, following a pre-stocking survey. This report examines and compares the results of the pre-stocking survey consisting of fourteen sites in the two becks, carried out between 12/04/94 and 27/04/94 and a post-stocking survey of six sites, carried out between 12/10/94 and 19/10/94. Flow, habitat and in-river obstructions have been shown to affect juvenile salmonid densities. A habitat description is provided for each site surveyed during the course of this study.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Wyre Catchment ; Salmo salar ; Salmo trutta ; Rivers ; River fisheries ; Salmon fisheries ; Fishery surveys ; Stocking density ; Distribution ; Population number ; Length frequency
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    An analysis of salmon rod catch data from castle fisheries, River Derwent, 1923-1989. (2021)
    National Rivers Authority North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8057 | 1256 | 2012-02-24 12:39:06 | 8057 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: The aim of this study was to investigate the historical catch record from the Castle Fishery on the River Derwent over the period 1923 - 1989, to determine if changes had taken place in the composition of the catch and to examine the influence of flow on the performance of the fishery. The River Derwent is situated in West Cumbria, North West England. It flows from its source on Scafell Pike (NGR NY 229 089) westwards discharging into the Irish sea at Workington, a distance of 52 km. Over its length it receives water from an additional 214 km of stream, 5 large lakes and approximately 30 small tarns. The catchment drains a total area of 663 km2.The study concludes that through the time period there was considerable variation in catch between years. The trend was for the catch to increase steadily over the period 1923 - 1958, declining rapidly in 1959, after which catches increased steadily reaching a peak in the mid-sixties, before declining towards the end of the decade. During the seventies and eighties catches remained relatively stable at between 300 - 600 salmon per year until 1988 when over 2000 salmon were reported caught, the greatest number in any year over the study period.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Derwent Catchment ; Rivers ; Fishery surveys ; Catch statistics ; Long-term records ; Flow measurement
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    An analysis of migratory salmonid catch effort data, derived from anglers' log books, 1991 (2021)
    National Rivers Authority North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8082 | 1256 | 2012-03-01 17:34:44 | 8082 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: 1000 log books were issued to anglers of which 236 were returned, those from the rivers Derwent, Kent, Lune and Ribble accounted for the vast majority. The Derwent had the highest catch rate of these rivers: one salmon every 13.89 hours followed by the Lune, Kent and Ribble at 16.39, 18.87 and 35.71 hours, respectively. For sea trout the Lune, Derwent and Ribble had a catch rate of approximately one fish every 10.0 hours (9.8, 10.0 and 10.64 hours),and for the Kent one fish per 16.1 hours fished. Salmon angling visits were, in general,longer than those for sea trout being between 2 and 6 hours as opposed to 2 to 4 hours. On the majority of visits (〉80%) no fish were caught and was the same for salmon and sea trout. For salmon the majority of fish were caught on fly, spinner or worm, and the least on prawn. For sea trout fly predominated. The majority of salmon caught were less than 91b in weight and were presumed to be grilse (1 sea winter). The majority of the sea trout caught weighed between 1 and 31b. The pattern of catch, effort, CPUE, abundance and catchability for salmon and sea trout were modelled using the data from the rivers Derwent, Kent and Lune. Flow significantly influenced catch, effort and catchability of salmon which had entered in a particular month. For sea trout flow was not significantly correlated with any of the dependent variables. The catchability coefficient for salmon, determined from the total number of fish, remained relatively constant over the period June to October indicating that CPUE was a reasonable measure of within season abundance. This was not found to be the case for sea trout.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Rivers ; Logbooks ; Salmo salar ; Salmo trutta ; Salmon fisheries ; Catch statistics ; Catch/effort ; Weight ; River fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Report on an egg bioassay experiment (2021)
    National Rivers Authority North West | Preston, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8079 | 1256 | 2012-02-17 13:42:01 | 8079 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: In October 1992, a fish population survey of the Swanside Beck system revealed that the densities of juvenile salmon present in the beck were generally poor. The survey highlighted that a potential reason for this may be due to a lack of spawning substrate resulting from siltation. Numerous workers have found that increased levels of A salmonid egg box experiment of Swanside Beck carried out in the spring of 1994, revealed that the survival rates in the majority of sites were good. While the in-site variability was relatively high, mean survival rates remained in excess of 70%. As a result egg survival rates were eliminated as the reason for low juvenile salmonid production. The only site with a relatively low survival rate was Swanside Beck downstream of Cowgill Beck. However, even at this site siltation was eliminated as the cause of the increased mortality rate. It is recommended that a salmonid stocking of Swanside Beck should be carried out this year. This should be followed by an electric fishing survey to evaluate juvenile salmonid survival rates.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Ribble Catchment ; Salmon fisheries ; Fry ; Survival ; Stocking (organisms) ; Silting
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    An evaluation of the survival of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)fry stocked in eight streams in the North West of England. (2021)
    National Rivers Authority North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8083 | 1256 | 2012-03-01 17:34:08 | 8083 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: Eight streams from the North West of England were stocked with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed fry at densities ranging from 1 to 4/m2 over a period of up to three years to evaluate survival to the end of the first an d second growing periods and hence assess the value of stocking as a management practice. Survival to the end of the first growin g period (mean duration of 108 days) was found to vary between 7.8 and 41.3% with a mean of 22% and CV of 0.44. Survival from the end of the first growing period to the end of the second growing period (mean duration of 384 days) ranged from 19.9 to 34.1% with a mean of 26.3% and CV of 0.21. Survival was found to be positively related to 0+ trout density (P 〈 0.05) and negatively related to altitude (P 〈 0.05). A comparison of the raw survival data (non standardised with respect to duration of experiments) with that from other studies in relation to stocking densities revealed a negative relationship between fry survival and stocking density (P 〈 0.05). Densities in excess of 5/m2 tended to result in lower levels of survival. Post stocking fry dispersal patterns were examined for the 1991 data. On average 86.7% of the number of fry surviving remained within the stocked zone by the end of the first growing period. With the exception of one stream there was little in the way of dispersal beyond the stocked zone. The dispersal pattern approximated to the normal distribution (P 〈 0.05). It was estimated that stocking can result in a net gain of fish to a river system compared with natural productivity, however the numerical significance of this gain and its cost effectiveness need to be determined on a river specific basis.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Rivers ; River fisheries ; Fry ; Stocking (organisms) ; Redds ; Marking ; Stocking density ; Spawning populations ; Fish eggs ; Distribution ; Survival
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    Central area fisheries annual report 1995 (2021)
    National Rivers Authority North West | Warrington, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8510 | 1256 | 2012-12-21 15:35:55 | 8510 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: The purpose of this report is to record key events and achievements of the NRA Central Area Fisheries Function in 1995. Rivers include the Ribble, Hodder and Lune. The report looks at Hydrological and meteorological data, site visits made during the year, communications and reports, Capital works and purchases, Stock assessment, monitoring and specific investigations, Fisheries Management advice, Fish kills and rescues, Fish rearing and stocking. It also looks at rod and net catches for salmon and sea trout, micro-tag returns, the drought, the results of the 1995 objectives set the year before and the key objectives for 1996.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Rivers ; River fisheries ; Coarse fish ; Salmo salar ; Salmo trutta ; Stream flow ; Catch statistics ; Stock assessment ; Fish counters ; licensing ; Fisheries management
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    Summary of fishery statistics 1990 (2021)
    National Rivers Authority North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8363 | 1256 | 2012-03-04 21:55:34 | 8363 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: This fisheries report summarises developments of the year 1990 in the region of the North West Water Authority. It provides catch statistics, rod and line and commercial catches for salmon and sea trout, fish culture and hatchery operations, restocking with trout and freshwater fish, upstream fish movement recorded at authority fish counters, counts of salmon and sea trout spawning redds, fish mortalities, licences issued, and prosecutions. Among the streams that are covered in the report are the River Lune, River Kent, River Leven, River Duddon, River Ribble, River Wyre, River Derwent and River Esk.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Cumbria ; Lancashire ; Inland fisheries ; Fish catch statistics ; Angling ; Stock assessment ; Licensing ; Fishing mortality ; Redds ; Salmonid fisheries ; Migratory species ; Hatcheries ; Stocking (organisms)
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    Summary of fishery statistics 1993 (2021)
    National Rivers Authority North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8371 | 1256 | 2012-03-04 21:54:53 | 8371 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: This fisheries report summarises developments of the year 1993 in the North West region of the National Rivers Authority. It provides catch statistics, rod and line and commercial catches for salmon and sea trout, fish culture and hatchery operations, restocking with trout and freshwater fish, upstream fish movement recorded at authority fish counters, counts of salmon and sea trout spawning redds, fish mortalities, licences issued, and prosecutions. Among the streams that are covered in the report are the River Lune, River Kent, River Leven, River Ribble and River Derwent.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Cumbria ; Lancashire ; Inland fisheries ; Fish catch statistics ; Angling ; Stock assessment ; Licensing ; Fishing mortality ; Redds ; Salmonid fisheries ; Migratory species ; Hatcheries ; Stocking (organisms)
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    Summary of fishery statistics 1992 (2021)
    National Rivers Authority North West
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8370 | 1256 | 2012-03-04 21:55:10 | 8370 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: This fisheries report summarises developments of the year 1992 in the North West region of the National Rivers Authority. It provides catch statistics, rod and line and commercial catches for salmon and sea trout, fish culture and hatchery operations, restocking with trout and freshwater fish, upstream fish movement recorded at authority fish counters, counts of salmon and sea trout spawning redds, fish mortalities, licences issued, and prosecutions. Among the streams that are covered in the report are the River Lune, River Kent, River Leven, River Ribble and River Derwent.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Cumbria ; Lancashire ; Inland fisheries ; Fish catch statistics ; Angling ; Stock assessment ; Licensing ; Fishing mortality ; Redds ; Salmonid fisheries ; Migratory species ; Hatcheries ; Stocking (organisms)
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    Report on the 1995 stock assessment of the Douglas catchment (2021)
    National Rivers Authority North West | Preston, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/7997 | 1256 | 2012-02-17 22:04:57 | 7997 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: The River Douglas has a long industrial heritage beginning in the early 18th century with its use by boats carrying goods between Wigan and Tarleton. The River and its tributaries have also historically been, and to a certain extent are still, subject to polluting inputs from the urban, agricultural and industrialised areas located within its catchment. During the early stages in the production of the River Douglas Catchment Management Plan, it became apparent that very little data existed on the populations of coarse and salmonid fish species within the River Douglas system. The data that did exist was largely anecdotal, consisting of catch reports from anglers or water bailiffs, or of dead and distressed fish following pollution incidents. This study was initiated to assess the status of coarse and salmonid fish species within the River Douglas system and so address the lack of knowledge. Eighty two sites were surveyed by electric fishing, including 14 sites using an electric fishing punt and up to four anodes. The data was analysed according to a new National Fisheries Classification Scheme. This classified the sites by the fish stock s present and compared the results with a database containing information from sites around the country that have similar habitat types. A stocking experiment was also undertaken in the River Lostock using chub reared at the Leyland Hatchery. These were marked with an identifiable blue spot in the spring of 1995 and then released into three, previously surveyed, locations in the river. These sites were then resurveyed during the summer stock assessment. This report also Site Reports with details on monitored sites, habitat features and fishery classification.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Ribble Catchment ; Rivers ; Electric fishing ; Catchment area ; Stock assessment ; Salmo trutta ; Salmo salar ; Salmonid fisheries ; Biomass
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    An investigation of the recaptures rates for tagged brown trout stocked into the River Ribble (2021)
    National Rivers Authority North West | Preston, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/7999 | 1256 | 2012-02-17 22:01:15 | 7999 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: The angling season for non-migratory brown trout, in the Environment Agency (EA) North West Region, runs from March 15th to September 30th. Each year, large numbers of farm reared brown trout are stocked into the rivers of the North West Region's Central Area. In 1994, approximately 20,000 brown trout were introduced into the River systems of the Lune, Wyre and Ribble by local angling clubs and fishery owners. Most of these fish were stocked at a length greater than that defined by local byelaws as the takeable size (200mm). Introductions are made to supplement the existing wild brown trout populations within the river and increase the probability of an angler catching a fish. Stocking with fish of a sufficient length allows the successful angler to remove the catch for their own use. In this way, stretches of the rivers are effectively managed as "put and take" fisheries for brown trout. A number of brown trout fingerlings are also introduced each year by angling clubs and fishery owners. These are stocked with the expectation that the fish will survive in the river to grow, over-winter, and eventually attain a takable size with an increased degree of "wildness". The lower cost of fingerlings, as opposed to trout of a takable length, makes their introduction more attractive to angling clubs since a greater number can be stocked for a given cost. Although the practise of stocking brown trout has occurred for many years in the Central Area, there is little information of its success in terms of increasing anglers catches, or the survival offish introduced. This study was initiated to determine the recapture rates by angling of brown trout following their introduction into a river fishery. The information gained from this study can then be used to give guidance to angling clubs and fishery owners on the optimal strategies for stocking fish.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Ribble Catchment ; Salmo trutta ; Rivers ; River fisheries ; Salmon fisheries ; Fishery surveys ; Angling ; Stocks ; Stock assessment ; Stocking (organisms)
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    Report on the collection of salmon creel census data from Rivers Ribble and Hodder (2021)
    National Rivers Authority North West | Preston, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/7995 | 1256 | 2012-02-17 13:42:34 | 7995 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: The River Ribble bailiff team completed a total of 377 salmonid creel censuses by interviewing anglers fishing on the banks of the Rivers Ribble and Hodder during 1994. The study was undertaken for a number of reasons: (i) , To determine which areas of the river were fished by anglers. (ii) To ascertain which fishing methods were used in these areas. (iii) To identify the success of each fishing method within each area of the River Ribble system. In a limited 1993 sampling programme, 55 censuses were carried out. Results from these indicated that fishing with worm as bait was the most common method (39% of anglers interviewed) and also resulted in the greatest number of salmon being caught (61% of all salmon). The 1994 census data were collected from all areas of the Ribble system during the months of June to October. The data presented here are for anglers fishing for salmon only or for those fishing for salmon and sea trout at the same time. All of the fish caught were salmon.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; England ; Ribble Catchment ; Rivers ; Census ; Salmon fisheries ; Angling ; Catching methods ; Catch statistics
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Actinomycetes and actinophage in fresh water (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5161 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:17:51 | 5161 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Actinomycetes are a group of micro-organisms which lie, in classification, half-way between the fungi and the bacteria. They may be isolated from the plating of leaf washings, water samples and mud dilutions on to nutrient agar (with incorporated actidione to eliminate fungi). The predominant genus varied with the source of the sample. An attempt was also made to isolate the phages of some Actinomycetes. A search was made in the typical environments of the host, for the virus. In this way actinophage were also isolated; and shown to be capable of being transmitted from one host strain to another host strain within 1 sp or from one host to another within 1 genus; i.e. polyvalent.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Environment ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Microbiological culture ; Viruses ; Actinomycetes ; Annual report
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    The production of algae growing on gravel in a chalk-stream (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5160 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:19:35 | 5160 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Epilithic algae, ie that growing on the surface of stones, was studied as part of the work on the energy flow of the chalk-stream ecosystem, by the River Laboratory. The study area was on Bere Stream and 2 neighbouring streams. The algal biomass was estimated from analysis of chlorophyll a. In Bere Stream the peak chlorophyll a cover occurred in April, while in the neighbouring streams, which have considerably lower nutrient levels, there was on peak. Assuming that 2% of a diatoms dry wt is chlorophyll a, then even in mid-April the biomass of epilithic algae amounted to no more than 15 g dry wt m Super(-2) of exposed gravel. Annual production was calculated to be 〉 15 times greater than biomass. The estimation of net primary production is always difficult for benthic floras and comparisons are especially difficult when different methods are used. But these figures contrast sharply with those for Ranunculus (water crowfoot) which has a ratio of annual production to maximal seasonal biomass of 1:16. The accumulation of algal biomass is apparently being prevented. Some organic matter may be excreted; some algae will be washed off the bed of the stream by current and grazing by herbivorous invertebrates will also tend to prevent algal accumulation.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Environment ; Phytoplankton ; Algae ; England ; Dorset ; Annual report
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    Year class strengths of perch and pike in Windermere (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5158 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:19:31 | 5158 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: The pike (Esox lucius) year classes are more stable than those of the perch (Perca fluviatilis), and have been shown to be closely correlated with temp conditions during the first few months of life. The perch year class strengths have been more variable; for success they require the presence of several positive conditions and the absence of many adverse conditions which could cause failure, a favourable combination of circumstances rarely occurs. The conclusions refer only to Windermere from 1941-1964.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Age composition ; Esox lucius ; Perca fluviatilis ; England ; Lake District ; Annual report
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    The ecology of phytoplankton in Shropshire and Cheshire meres (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5159 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:19:33 | 5159 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: This review summarizes the findings of 5 years' research (June 1970-June 1975) on the meres of the Shropshire-Cheshire Plain. A mere is a small, shallow lake; supplied principally by ground water, whose chemical composition is infkuenced by the glacial frift through which it is percolating. The seasonal periodicity of the phytoplankton in the meres involved work mainly in the Grose Mere. Here diatoms were typically dominant in Feb & March, green algae in April & May, blue-green algae in early summer and dinoflagellates in late summer. This pattern is broadly similar from year to year, and has been suggested to be representative of a 'regional type'; it is also similar to that described for many of the world's mildly eutrophic temperate lakes. Vertical distribution of phytoplankton is influenced by their buoyancy (or lack of it) of by their ability to swim. A stylized depth-time distribution of 4 major phytoplankton components in Crose Mere is given diagrammatically.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Environment ; Limnology ; Freshwater ecology ; phytoplankton ; England ; Cheshire ; Shropshire ; Annual Report
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    The ecology of the Gussage, a lined winterbourne (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5165 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:18:21 | 5165 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: The Gussage, a Dorset winterhourne (intermittent chalk stream), has been used to convey water from a compensation borehole to the River Allen to supplement its flow to meet demand for water. Sections of the Gussage have been lined with chalk, butyl sheeting or polythene sheeting to prevent water loss through the porous bed. The effects of this major environmental modification associated with these abstraction practices in the winterbourne catchments have been studied in the Gussage system since 1973. To compensate for the lack of adequate pre-lining data, comparative studies have been made on 3 small unlined chalk streams of varying flow regimes, ie. the Crichel (a winterbourne), the North Winterbourne and the Tarrant (permanent discharge in the reaches studies). The distribution of macrophytes and invertebrates in winterbournes are compared with that in natural and artificial permanent streams. Statistical analysis showed samples from the winterbourne sites and the unmodified permanent stream sites are quite distinct, despite the fact that no samples were taken from winterbourne sites during the dry phase. This emphasizes the differences between the fauna of an intermittent and a permanent stream and suggests that alteration of the flow regime could be a significant factor. Where flow regime has been altered, as in the Gussage downstream of the borehole, the samples occupy an intermediate position. Within this group of modified sites there is no apparent gross difference between the invertebrates of lined or unlined reaches.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Environment ; Ecological distribution ; Ecology ; Watersheds ; England ; Dorset ; Annual report
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    Limnetic crustaceans in Esthwaite water and adjacent lakes (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5175 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:19:19 | 5175 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Limnetic crustaceans (i.e. those which live in the open water of lakes and ponds) were investigated in Esthwaite water and adjacent lakes. These are represented by two groups, Copepoda and Cladocera.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater crustaceans ; Zooplankton ; Lakes ; Cladocera ; England ; Esthwaite Water ; Annual report
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    Bacterial production of nitrate in aquatic systems: progress report. Nitrate-loss processes in raw water (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5126 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:23:16 | 5126 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: This short interim progress report builds on previous progress reports which have described the quantification of the process both within and between lakes of different degrees of eutrophication. These data indicated that slight changes in methodology, particularly when investigating sediment deposits, could grossly affect the measured activity. The aim of the present research was an attempt to rationalize these differences. If this could be achieved it would enable meaningful interpretation of published data obtained using different methods and therefore enlarge the available database. In addition some observations have been made on the production of nitrite by Grasmere profundal sediment slurries sampled during the circulation period.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Nitrification ; Sedimentation ; Ammonia ; Slurries ; England ; Grasmere Lake
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    The changing chemical composition of chalk streams and rivers (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5157 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:19:58 | 5157 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: The area studied was the River Frome system below Dorchester. The main river has its origins mainly in chalk springs, although some of its tributaries have surface run-off from farm lands and heath-lands. Thus the chemistry of the river is affected by changes in land practice and differences in the geology of the catchment area. Regular chemical analysis of chalk waters started at the River Laboratory in 1964, Regular weekly analyses have been carried out since 1965 at Bere Stream (a small chalk stream) and the River Frome (a large chalk stream); also single samples have been analysed to provide preliminary information. In 1970-71 an attempt was made to discover the contribution each main source made to the flow and chemical composition of the River Frome. Results of these investigations are presented in the paper.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Environment ; Chemical analysis ; Chemical composition ; Rivers ; Stream flow ; Annual report ; England ; Dorset
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  • 80
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    The communities of running water in Cumbria (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5164 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:18:18 | 5164 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: For conservations of nature to be effective. there must be an understanding of what is present to be conserved. Thus in order to conserve the communites of the Cumbrian rivers, there must first be surveys to determine the spp present and their relative numbers. This has been carried out for many years, by a number of workers. It has been shown that the communities present are influenced by the substratum, the flow, the chemicals present, water temp and predation. Findings of the work on the River Lune were given at a seminar on the rivers of north-west Europe, held at Amiens in November, 1975. The proceedings of the seminar are to appear in special numbers of Bulletin francais de Pisciculure.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Environment ; Aquatic communities ; Rivers ; England ; Cumbria ; Annual report
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    Geochemistry of lipids in lacustrine sediments (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5171 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:18:48 | 5171 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: An explanation of the basic premises of the subject and its terminology is given. The article then outlines aspects of research on the organic material found in lacustrine sediments, and the analytical methods involved.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Earth Sciences ; Diagenesis ; Freshwater lakes ; Geochemistry ; Lipids ; Sediment analysis ; Annual report
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    Aspects of the biology of coarse fish in the Dorset Stour (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5178 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:16:57 | 5178 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Some of the results from an investigation of five species of coarse fish, in the Stour River, carried out from 1968-1978 are presented in this article. The species involved were: Rutilus rutilis, Leuciscus leuciscus, L. cephalus, Esox lucius and Perca fluviatilis : which are of particular interest to anglers. Although these species show some similarities, as in the shape of the annual and seasonal growth curves, in most other respects each species occupies a distinct niche in the ecosystem and has a life-history strategy peculiar to itself. In this study only 5 species were investigated. When all the species present are considered the relationships or diversities suggested here will therefore be made far more complex.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Life history ; Coarse fish ; Rutilus rutilus ; Leuciscus leuciscus ; Leuciscus cephalus ; Esox lucius ; Perca fluviatilis ; England ; River Stour ; Annual report
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  • 83
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    Monitoring the trophic status of reservoirs (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5206 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:16:23 | 5206 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The current situation of regional, rather' than national, problems of eutrophication in standing waters has been widely aired in recent reports. A reliable, quantitative data base is a prerequisite to future trend monitoring, a concensus view of those reports. The objective of this report is to establish requirements, methodology and a minimal data set for nutrient and algae status in water supply reservoirs in England which may be used as a protocol for future trend monitoring.A pilot study has been carried out to assess the relative merits of different sampling strategies, the choice of which has major implications for the cost of sample collection. This short report suggests that consider the possibility of designating a few sites as ”baseline sites” at which detailed changes in trophic status as monitored by the more labour-intensive parameters would be collected on a regular, long term basis to help in the interpretation of the low cost survey results.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Eutrophication ; Monitoring ; Surveying ; England ; Grasmere Lake
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  • 84
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    Nitrates - loss processes in raw water (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5208 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:16:34 | 5208 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This project investigated the production of nitrate (nitrification) by bacteria in lakes. The work was undertaken as nitrification is a key process in the nitrogen cycle and previous estimates of rates of nitrification were unreliable. When different methods were used to estimate rates of nitrification within sediment deposits different results were obtained. Investigation' of specific aspects of these methodologies has allowed some rationalization of these observations and also enabled comparisons of previously published data which, beforehand, was not possible. However, it was not clear which methods gave the most reliable rate estimates. Calculation of a nitrate budget for Grasmere lake indicated that the use of methods which involved the mixing of surface sediments (and therefore disrupted preformed nutrient gradients) overestimated the rate of nitrification. The study concludes that slight changes in the method used to prepare sediment slurries can result in large changes, in the measured nitrifying activity. This makes comparisons between studies, using different methods, extremely difficult. Methods to study sediment nitrification processes which do not disrupt preformed substrate gradients within the sediment provide the most reliable rate estimates.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Bacteria ; Nitrification ; Freshwater lakes ; Sediment samples ; Slurries ; Seasonal variations ; Methodology ; England ; Grasmere Lake
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    Format: application/pdf
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  • 85
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    Impact of watercress cultivation on river water quality: progress report for the period, January - December 1987 (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5210 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:16:44 | 5210 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The objective of this short project progress report is to investigate the possible water quality implications of modern watercress growing practices. Chalk receiving watercourses are usually of high supply, amenity, game fishing and fish farming value. Any headwater pollution load, therefore, needs characterising and quantifying. Two sites of watercress farming were studied in 1986-87 and nutrient levels examined. Different approaches of watercress farmers in Dorset and Hampshire are summarised.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Rivers ; Aquaculture ; Aquaculture enterprises ; Aquaculture techniques ; Nutrients (mineral) ; England
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 3
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  • 86
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    Nitrates in surface waters, inputs and seasonality: Phase 2 (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5212 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:14:35 | 5212 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Changes in management practices and agricultural productivity over the past twenty years have lead to nitrate pollution and eutrophication of lakes and rivers. Information on nitrate concentrations and discharge has been collected on the River Frome at East Stoke since 1965, using the same analytical nitrate method so that the results are comparable. These records of weekly spot values of nitrate concentration and daily mean discharges have been analysed for trends and seasonal patterns in both concentration and nitrate loadings. In this extension of our nitrate contract, a new automated method of intensive sampling has been used to monitor short-term variability and to assess how well similar routine (weekly) sampling schemes can represent the true nitrate record.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; River discharge ; Rivers ; Automated recording ; Nitrates ; Modelling ; England ; Frome River
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  • 87
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    Freshwater survey of the ditches around Hinkley Point Power Station, 20 June 1985 (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5213 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:14:36 | 5213 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Sampling was concentrated on the North Moor region and the series of ditches which drained this area to the Bristol Channel. Although most ditches were not deep the mud substratum precluded sampling from within the habitat. All samples were taken with a pond net from the banks. Efforts were made to sample each part of the habitat although in some ditches the macrophyte growth was so intense as to make sampling difficult particularly of the sediments. Organisms were identified on the 10 sampling sites.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Trenching ; Biological sampling ; Identification ; Biological surveys ; England ; Somerset
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
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  • 88
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    Nitrates in surface waters, inputs and seasonality: Progress report for the period April - December 1987 (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5209 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:16:40 | 5209 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The objective of this short project progress report is to investigate, in a catchment on which earlier nitrate data are available for comparison, seasonality and budgets, in relation to land use, of nitrate inputs, concentrations and loads. Sampling was undertaken from 1984-87 in the River Frome catchment and data on nitrate concentrations analysed.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Rivers ; Catchment area ; Nitrates ; Nitrification ; Nitrites ; Environmental monitoring ; England ; Frome Lake
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  • 89
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    Automatic identification and enumeration of algae (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5207 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:16:29 | 5207 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: A good understanding of the population dynamics of algal communities is vital in many ecological and pollution studies of freshwater and oceanic systems. Present methods require manual counting and identification of algae and can take up to 90 min to obtain a statistically reliable count on a complex population. Several alternative techniques to accelerate the process have been tried on marine samples but none have been completely successful because insufficient effort has been put into verifying the technique before field trials. The objective of the present study has been to assess the potential of in vivo fluorescence of algal pigments as a means of automatically identifying algae. For this work total fluorescence spectroscopy was chosen as the observation technique.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Algae ; Identification ; Methodology ; Fluorescence ; Fluorescence spectroscopy ; England
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 31
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  • 90
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    Aspects of the washout of salmonid eggs. 5. Attempts to assess the importance of washout as a cause of mortailty (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5215 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:14:31 | 5215 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The paper reviews the methodology of attempts to assess the importance of washout as a cause of loss of salmonid eggs and alevins. The results of this study are presented of various small-scale field trials using buried artificial salmonid eggs and tethered table tennis balls. The results suggested that, even when few eggs were actually lost by washout, some downstream movement of the upper layers of gravel and of artificial eggs might have taken place.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Fish eggs ; Spawning ; Gravel ; Freshwater fish ; Biological drift ; Redds ; Induced breeding ; England ; Great Eggleshope Beck
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  • 91
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    Aspects of the washout of salmonid eggs. 6. Information on gravel composition , redd sites, the dimensions of redds and the depth of egg burial (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5214 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:14:29 | 5214 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Sampling was concentrated on the North Moor region and the series of ditches which drained this area to the Bristol Channel. Although most ditches were not deep the mud substratum precluded sampling from within the habitat. All samples were taken with a pond net from the banks. Efforts were made to sample each part of the habitat although in some ditches the macrophyte growth was so intense as to make sampling difficult particularly of the sediments. Organisms were identified on the 10 sampling sites.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Redds ; Spawning grounds ; Rivers ; Fish eggs ; Spawning ; Gravel ; Freshwater fish ; England
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Format: 36
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  • 92
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    The effects of environmental stress on the physiology of growth in rainbow trout, Salmo gairderi Richardson (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5211 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:14:56 | 5211 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: There is little doubt that both mammalian and teleost growth hormones can accelerate growth and increase food conversion efficiency in all commonly-reared species of salmonid fish. In those vertebrates that have been closely studied (predominantly mammals), the pituitary hormone somatotropin (GH or growth hormone) is a prime determinant of somatic growth. The hormone stimulates protein biosynthesis and tissue growth, enhances lipid utilization and lipid release from the adipose tissues (a protein-sparing effect) and suppresses the peripheral utilization of glucose. The present study is a prerequisite for future work on growth hormone physiology in salmonids and should contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of growth suppression in stressed fish. Plasma growth hormone (GH) levels were measured in rainbow trout using a radioimmunoassay developed against chinook salmon growth hormone.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Salmon fisheries ; Freshwater fish ; Hormones ; Blood ; Growth ; England ; Oncorhynchus mykiss
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  • 93
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    Effects of flow regime on the young stages of salmonid fishes. Summary and conclusions based on results for 1981-1985 (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5217 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:14:13 | 5217 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The main British salmonid species spawn in clean gravel in streams and rivers, many of them in the upland areas of Britain. The earliest stages of the life cycle (eggs and alevins) spend some months within the gravel of the river bed. During this period their survival rate can be strongly influenced by flow regime and by related phenomena such as movement of coarse river bed material, changes in water level and the deposition of silt. In recent years human influence upon the flow regimes of upland water courses and upon the sediment inputs to them has increased. In order to conserve and, if possible, enhance the populations of salmonid fishes a deeper understanding of the interrelationships between survival of young salmonids and flow-related phenomena is needed. The acquisition of appropriate information is the main aim of the present project, which included: Studies on silt movement and the infilling of gravel voids by fine sediments, together with initial studies on the relationship between intragravel oxygen supply rate and the survival of intragravel stages of salmonids; studies in the general field of egg washout. The latter investigated the physical background to gravel bed disruption, the examination of the physical characteristics of sites chosen for redds, dimensions of redds and burial depth of eggs relative to the size of the fish constructing the redd and a series of smaller studies on other aspects of egg washout.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Fish eggs ; Freshwater fish ; Experimental data ; Silting ; Gravel ; Survival ; England ; Grassholme Reservoir
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  • 94
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    Aspects of the washout of salmonid eggs. 4. Effects of a standard mechanical shock, applied at different stage of development, upon survival and development of eggs of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5216 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:14:33 | 5216 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: It is generally accepted by fish culturists that salmonid eggs are sensitive to mechanical shock and that the sensitivity varies with the stage of development of the eggs. In general, the period of greatest sensitivity is thought to occur between fertilization and ”eyeing”. However, it is reasonable to expect that, during a period (perhaps of several hours) following fertilization, sensitivity will be low because in nature during this period the eggs may be subject to some mechanical shock caused by the parent fish covering them with gravel. In 1983-4 and 1984-5 experiments were performed on brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) eggs to examine the effect of a standard mechanical shock (c. 2,500 eggs in 1983-4 and c. 8,400 eggs in 1984-5) at various stages of development upon survival to hatching and time of hatching.The results of these experiments are reported in this study.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Fish eggs ; Spawning ; Freshwater fish ; Experimental data ; Survival ; Mechanical stimuli ; England ; Cow Green Reservoir
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 95
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    Oxygen flux through salmonid spawning gravels (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5220 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:05 | 5220 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Laboratory and field studies have shown that the survival of salmonid fish eggs and alevins is dependent upon the supply rate or flux of dissolved oxygen through gravel beds used for spawning. Although there have been a number of studies concerned with North American species there are few data for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and the brown trout (S. trutta). For this study intragravel seepage velocities and dissolved oxygen concentrations have been measured throughout the incubation period in spawning gravels utilized by brown trout (Salmo trutta). Variation in the hatching success of batches of trout and salmon (Salmo salar) can, in part, be attributed to a critical threshold of oxygen flux through the gravels.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Gravel ; River beds ; Rivers ; Dissolved oxygen ; Survival ; Fish eggs ; England ; Black Brows Beck
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  • 96
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    Discharge and turbidity of the regulated River Tees. Variance spectrum analysis (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5219 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:03 | 5219 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: High suspended sediment loads may be deleterious to adult salmonids and invertebrates in gravel-bedded streams. Further, the accumulation of fine material in the interstices of the gravel may have an adverse impact on the recruitment of the young stages of salmonids. It is important therefore not only to quantify the rates and degrees of silting but also to identify sediment sources and to determine both, the frequency of sediment inputs to the system and the duration of high sediment concentrations. This report explores the application of variance spectrum analysis to the isolation of sediment periodicities. For the particular river chosen for examination the method demonstrated the essentially undisturbed nature of the catchment. The regulated river chosen for examination is the River Tees in Northern England. Variance spectrum analysis was applied to a series of over 4000 paired daily turbidity and discharge readings.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Resuspended sediments ; River beds ; River discharge ; Rivers ; Variance analysis ; Turbidity ; England ; Tees River
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  • 97
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    Experiments on downstream movement of recently emerged trout and salmon parr in Grassholme channels, 1983-1985 (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5218 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:02 | 5218 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: A number of authors have described the manner in which young salmonids, soon after emergence from the gravel, set up and defend territories. This leads to mortality or downstream displacement of the individuals which are unable to acquire territories and is widely accepted as the main method of population regulation amongst young salmonids. In some field experiments the fish were constrained in screened reaches and the option of downstream dispersal for the surplus fry was thus excluded. In order to explore some aspects of downstream dispersal more closely under conditions which gave more control than is obtained in a natural stream, four experimental channels were set up at Grassholme reservoir in Teesdale. The report describes the results of investigations on the timing and rate of downstream movement of young brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) out of experimental channels, with special reference to the effect of water velocity on the rate of ”emigration”.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Experimental data ; Survival ; Juveniles ; Territoriality ; Catadromous migrations ; Current velocity ; England ; Grassholme Reservoir
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 98
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    Nitrates in surface water, inputs and seasonality (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5222 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:09 | 5222 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Because of the widespread concern over increasing nitrate concentrations in river water , the Freshwater Biological Association has undertaken a study to investigate seasonality, nitrate concentrations and loads in the River Frome catchment in relation to land use and compare the results for 1984/86 with data obtained in 1970/71. Information on land use changes and fertiliser applications were obtained both from MAFF and individual farmers. The study concludes that input of nitrogen from rainfall to the River Frome catchment had not significantly changed between 1970/71 and 1984/86.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Rivers ; Nitrogen ; Rain ; River discharge ; Monitoring ; Sewage ; Nitrates ; Fertilizers ; England ; Frome River
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 99
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    The effects of a sand layer upon swim-up success in UK salmonids (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5223 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:10 | 5223 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: There are two main ways in which gravel composition and changes therein arising from siltation, can influence the survival of young salmonids. First, the composition of the gravel will affect its permeability and, hence, may influence the survival of eggs and alevins through its effect upon the rate of supply of oxygen and the rate of removal of metabolic products. Second, the composition of the gravel may affect the ease, or otherwise, of emergence at the time of swim-up and alevins may become trapped in the gravel and perish. This aspect is the main concern of the present report. Experiments were conducted to examine the effects upon fry emergence of a sand layer deposited on the gravel surface. The study concludes that fry of brown trout and Atlantic salmon emerged through layers of sand up to 8 cm thick but the percentage emergence, even from the controls with no sand, was relatively low (5 - 68%). There was no firm evidence that the experimental treatments influenced percentage emergence, timing of emergence or weight of fry at the time of emergence.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Rivers ; Fry ; Experimental data ; Water currents ; Fish ; Developmental stages ; Dissolved oxygen ; England ; Kielder Water Reservoir ; Salmo trutta ; Salmo salar
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  • 100
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    Joint research project on the aquatic ecotoxicity of organo-aluminium: Chemical reactions. First interim report (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5225 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:36 | 5225 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The overall goal of the joint research project is to relate the chemical reactions involved in the formation of organo-aluminium complexes under acid conditions to their toxic effects on the physiology of aquatic organisms. Finally, this research is intended to predict toxic effects arising from acidity and aluminium under varying environmental conditions. This interim report examines the chemical modelling of ion-binding by humic substances where a computer model has been developed and is being tested using field data, and conditions required for the precipitation of aluminium in surface waters.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Modelling ; Models ; Humic acids ; Surface water ; Aluminium compounds ; Aluminium ; Ions ; Toxicity ; England ; Duddon River
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