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  • air pollution
  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (68)
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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue of Geosciences focuses on the application of the cosmogenic nuclides (3He, 10Be, 14C, 21Ne, 26Al and 36Cl) in diverse disciplines in the field of earth sciences, as well as on improvements in sampling, analytical sample preparation and analytical techniques. After the past three decades, and nearly 70 years after the first application, cosmogenic nuclides have become an amazingly versatile tool for Earth scientists to disentangle the unsolved pieces of Earth's history during the Quaternary. Today, Earth scientists apply cosmogenic nuclides to establish the timing of Quaternary ice volume fluctuations, and volcanic and palaeoseismic events, to gauge surface and/or rock uplift and denudation rates and to reconstruct terrace chronologies, as well as to determine the rates and styles of local and large-scale erosion, soil development and landscape evolution.
    Keywords: Sennwald rock avalanche ; cosmogenic nuclide dating ; run-out modelling ; cosmogenic nuclides ; sediment fingerprinting ; geomorphometric analysis ; positive feedback ; Prättigau half-window ; cosmogenic 21Ne ; noble gas isotope ; mass spectrometry ; neon isotope ; 21Ne ; Ne dating ; Bruderheim chondrite ; Imilac pallasite ; CREU quartz ; glacial erosion rates ; cosmogenic 36Cl ; Swiss Alps ; limestone plateau ; Bündnerbergjoch ; nunatak ; cosmonuclides ; 10Be ; 26Al ; 3He ; 36Cl ; 14C ; MATLAB ; Octave ; cosmogenic surface exposure dating ; Jan Mayen ; background production ; nuclide production ; burial dating ; European Alps ; rock avalanche ; Dan3D-Flex runout modeling ; active tectonics ; fault scarp dating ; Gediz Graben ; western Anatolia ; earthquake ; Holocene ; isochron-burial dating ; Swiss northern Alpine Foreland ; Middle Pleistocene ; Möhlin glaciation ; Bünten Till ; soil forming factors ; chronosequences ; high-mountain soils ; proglacial areas ; erratic boulders ; LGM Glaciations ; eastern Anatolia ; glacier retreat ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Buildings are important consumers of energy; in fact, they represent 30–45% of the global energy use and one-third of total greenhouse gas emissions, as well as contributing to the urban heat-island effect. In consequence, the correct design and execution of buildings, use of new materials that reduce energy demand, and efficient use of renewable energy are all necessary to reduce the impacts that occur during their life-cycle. This book shows some examples, focused on improving the energy-efficiency of buildings, in accordance with circular economy policies and life-cycle phases, including design, construction and use. The editor wishes to thank all the authors for contributing to this book, as well as to the assistance of MDPI’s editorial office.
    Keywords: climate-oriented ; buildings ; building construction ; climate zones ; climate change ; bibliometric ; climate zone ; building ; energy demand ; building resilience ; air quality ; air pollution ; SUNSPACE ; PM removal ; azure chemistry ; circular economy ; sustainability ; SDG 11 ; SDG 12 ; buying intention ; energy-efficient home appliances ; green self-identity ; theory of planned behavior ; waste glass ; light reflectance ; building material coatings ; soda–lime–silica glass ; lead–silica glass ; cool surface ; cool material ; cool roof ; urban heat island ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Transportation is one of the most crucial aspects across the world, supporting the daily life of human beings and the sustainable development of the whole of society. Generally, meteorology causes various impacts on transportation operation, safety and efficiency. In the context of global warming, increasing numbers of extreme weather and climate events (such as fog, icy roads, and extreme winds) have been detected worldwide and are expected to occur more frequently in the future. Meanwhile, extreme events, such as dense fog, rainstorm, and blizzard, tend to damage transportation and traffic facilities (such as express ways, port, airport, and high-speed railway) and induce serious traffic blocks and accidents. In recent decades, concentrated and continuous efforts have been made to carry out meteorological analyses regardless of urban traffic or transportation conditions, including those of highways, shipping, aviation, etc. A number of methods and techniques have been intensively developed to promote the qualities of both observations and forecasts. More recently, state-of-the-art machine learning frameworks have also been widely introduced into studies regarding transportation meteorology and many other fields.
    Keywords: transportation meteorology ; pavement temperature prediction ; deep learning ; BiLSTM ; attention mechanisms ; winter icing ; air pollution ; traffic vitality ; built environment ; spatial correlation ; spatial lag model ; phone signaling data ; air quality ; behavioral habits ; activity density ; population distribution ; land use mix ; wind forecast ; error decomposition ; bias ; distribution ; sequence ; urban meteorology ; observation ; forecast ; early warning ; review ; China ; low-level wind shear ; ensemble learning classifiers ; Bayesian optimization ; SHapley Additive exPlanations ; wind shear ; go-around ; machine learning ; dynamic ensemble selection ; civil aviation safety ; pilot reports ; self-paced ensemble ; Shapley additive explanations ; climate change ; climatology ; sea ice ; marginal sea ; East Asia ; time-series modeling ; pavement temperature ; nowcasting ; variation characteristics ; forecast validation ; relative humidity ; microwave radiometer data ; total rainfall ; precipitation duration ; vertical distribution ; Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region ; rail breakage ; frequency ; high-speed railway ; Siberian high ; teleconnection ; temperature ; Qinling mountains ; rainfall ; change characteristics ; geographical factors ; highways ; road blockage ; fuzzy analytic hierarchy process ; CRITIC weight assignment method ; road network vulnerability ; spatiotemporal distribution ; precipitation forecast ; ConvLSTM ; PredRNN ; expressway ; agglomerate fog ; risk level prediction of fog-related accidents ; meteorological conditions ; road hidden dangers ; traffic flow conditions ; visibility ; Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea ; observation data ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: The present reprint contains all of the articles in the second edition of the Special Issue titled “Statistical Data Modeling and Machine Learning with Applications II”. This Special Issue belongs to the “Mathematics and Computer Science” Section and aims to publish research on the theory and application of statistical data modeling and machine learning. New mathematical methods and approaches, new algorithms and research frameworks, and their applications aimed at solving diverse and nontrivial practical problems are proposed and developed in this SI. We believe that the chosen papers are attractive and useful to the international scientific community and will contribute to further research in the field of statistical data modeling and machine learning.
    Keywords: forecasting model ; electricity energy consumption ; grey model ; artificial neural network ; machine learning ; rotation CART ensemble ; bagging ; boosting ; arcing ; simplified selective ensemble ; linear stacked model ; IoV ; xNN ; K-MEANS ; anomaly detection ; single-index models ; composite quantile regression ; SCAD ; Laplace error penalty (LEP) ; causality ; Bayesian networks ; scalability ; group lasso penalty ; data integration ; network estimation ; stability selection ; time series model ; wavelet transform ; neural network NARX ; ionospheric parameters ; gambling ; jackpot ; multidimensional integrals ; Monte Carlo methods ; lattice sequences ; digital sequences ; surface approximation ; surface segmentation ; surface denoising ; gaussian process latent variable model ; line geometry ; line elements ; regression ; classification ; prediction ; meteorological parameters ; traffic incidents ; multi-agent architecture ; air pollution ; random forest ; ARIMA errors ; MIMO averaging strategy ; multi-step ahead prediction ; unmeasured forecast ; Explainableartificial intelligence ; credit card frauds ; deep learning ; long short-term memory ; fraud classification ; lung cancer ; tumor ; CT image ; one-stage detector ; YOLO ; multi-scale ; receptive field ; data analysis ; decision trees ; LightGBM ; SHAP ; leisure time ; influencing factors ; time allocation ; neural networks ; cosmic rays ; space weather ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The growing population is forcing us to look for new, more effective solutions to various problems. The rising demand for power, water supply and waste management, pedestrian safety, the efficient use of electric vehicles, traffic jams, commuting, the identification of all road users and prediction of their travel paths, and increasing air and noise levels are the most pressing issues in today’s cities. Advance planning is a feature of green development that reduces dependence on vehicles associated with an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. The development of eco-friendly cities includes the development and application of new efficient solutions and technologies, such as efficient transport management, emission control and pollution control, energy efficiency and the usage of renewable energy, resource efficiency, etc., which would ensure a better quality of life of the growing population.
    Keywords: waste management ; sustainability ; eco-friendly city ; design thinking ; infectious waste ; resource efficiency ; communication technology ; beacon ; large-scale ; unmanned vehicle ; ad hoc network ; hybrid routing protocol ; air pollution ; drone ; land survey ; visual recognition algorithm ; fast R-CNN ; dust sensors ; microcontroller ; VMD ; LSTM ; coal thickness ; seismic attribute ; distributed manufacturing ; rescheduling ; memetic algorithm ; arrhythmia ; driving restrictions ; adaptive digital filter ; noninvasive method ; heart rate ; spherical microphone array ; sound source identification ; functional delay and sum beamforming ; denoising ; performance enhancement ; eco-friendly networks ; wireless sensor network ; energy efficiency ; low-power networks ; Markov model ; log-normal fading ; excavator ; typical working condition ; load ; operating data ; energy flow ; mathematic model ; cardiovascular system ; seismography ; modeling ; loader ; bucket fill factor ; material surface three-dimensional information ; regression prediction ; RecurDyn ; EDEM ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-05-11
    Description: It was recently reported that pollution was responsible for 9 million premature deaths in 2015, making it the world's largest environmental risk factor for disease and premature death. Human and industrial activities generate various forms of residual wastes and by-products in a solid, liquid, or gaseous state. Waste generation starts with simple processes such as living, eating, and breathing. Managing waste and minimizing associated environmental impacts have become more challenging as worldwide populations and economies continue to grow. Once these hazardous chemicals are present in the environment, people can become exposed to them. Human health can be influenced by many factors, including exposure to physical, chemical, biological, and radiological contaminants in the environment.This reprint comprises research papers related to the aspects of environmental exposure to multiple toxic chemicals and human health. The manuscripts are focused on toxicology, biomonitoring, exposure and risk assessment, and endocrine disruptors.
    Keywords: pesticide ; insecticide ; herbicide ; fungicide ; rheumatoid arthritis ; autoimmune disease ; n/a ; ovary ; endocrine disruptors ; follicular growth ; hormonal secretions ; gene expression ; bisphenols ; plasticiser ; ewe ; tetracyclines ; sulfonamides ; quinolones ; streptomycines ; meat ; antibiotics ; risk assessment ; air pollution ; endothelium ; inflammation ; cardiovascular disease ; ALS ; Alzheimer’s ; Aβ1–42 ; α synuclein ; children ; cerebrospinal fluid ; cisternal CSF ; fronto-temporal dementia ; Metropolitan Mexico City ; nanoparticles ; olfactory bulb granule cells ; PM2.5 ; Parkinson’s ; hyperphosphorylated tau ; TDP-43 ; cadmium ; crab ; crustaceans ; heavy metal toxicity ; nutrition ; pollution ; biomagnification ; biomonitoring ; benchmark dose ; BMDL ; BMDU ; creatinine clearance ; chronic kidney disease ; eGFR ; NOAEL ; urine cadmium ; plant protection products ; residential exposure ; agriculture ; Africa ; exposure pathway ; intake dose ; temporal variations ; spatial variations ; pollutants ; women exposure ; microRNAs ; PAHs ; paint production plant ; volatile organic compounds (VOCs) ; inhalation exposure ; cancer risk ; non-cancer risk ; economic loss ; subway PM exposure ; health burden ; long-term mortality ; morbidity ; 3-PBA ; pyrethroid pesticides ; pregnancy ; newborn ; anthropometry ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology::MMGT Medical toxicology
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint brings together fifteen articles published in the Special Issue of the journal Atmosphere, entitled “High-Performance Computing Serving Atmospheric Transport & Dispersion Modelling”. These articles cover a wide variety of topics related to air quality in urban areas and nature-based solutions to improve it in the context of climate change; impact studies on human health and the environment of facilities and infrastructure projects as well as risk studies; the assessment of emerging threats; and preparations for and responses to emergencies involving toxic, flammable, or explosive atmospheric releases. As the fifteen articles presented here remarkably illustrate, what these contemporary topics have in common is the implementation of multi-scale simulations of atmospheric transport and dispersion by means of physical models of computational fluid dynamics (CFDs), whose potential is enhanced by high-performance computing (HPC). This reprint thus addresses the answers provided by modelling and the most advanced simulations to some societal matters of major interest.
    Keywords: operational emergency modeling ; atmospheric release ; high-resolution metric grid ; 3D ; PMSS modeling system ; Code_Saturne ; EMERGENCIES project ; lattice Boltzmann method ; large eddy simulation ; pollutant dispersion ; urban physics ; urban air pollution ; nature-based solutions ; green infrastructure ; PMSS Lagrangian model ; NOx ; PM10 ; large-eddy simulation ; plume dispersion ; urban area ; coupling simulation ; mesoscale meteorological simulation model ; meteorological observation ; graphics processing unit computing ; atmospheric dispersion modelling ; microscale dispersion ; model validation ; database ; on-site meteorological observation ; water mist dispersion ; lagrangian dispersion model ; web visualization ; web mapping ; emergencies project ; atmospheric boundary layer ; OpenFOAM ; gas dispersion ; CFD ; turbulence model ; hazard assessment ; horizontal homogeneity ; wind field ; deposition ; machine learning ; hazardous release ; WRF ; FLEXPART ; prediction ; air pollution ; air quality modelling ; ADMS-Urban ; high performance computing ; HPC ; West Midlands ; air quality ; urban scale ; traffic emissions ; micro-scale dispersion models ; aerosols ; South Asia ; WRF-Chem ; precipitation ; CAPE ; CIN ; urban dispersion ; complex terrain ; fast-response dispersion modeling ; computational fluid dynamics ; RANS ; urban dispersion modelling ; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes ; situational awareness ; CityGML ; air quality impact study ; PMSS model ; high resolution grid ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Global climate changes, particularly extreme events, affect terrestrial carbon, water, and energy exchanges between the atmosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere, thus controlling freshwater availability, floods, and droughts. Therefore, it is urgent and necessary to develop advanced climate simulation and observation approaches and models related to extreme climate events. Advanced climate simulation and observation can improve the accurate prediction of climate change and long-term trends, which can mitigate climate events' impacts on human society. Under these conditions, this reprint aims to introduce advanced climate simulation and observation approaches to various practical studies related to climate variations, including the global climate models (GCMs) and regional climate models (RCMs), mitigation studies of high-impact climate events, predictions of climate variations, and some new artificial intelligence. Twenty-two papers have been collected in this reprint, with eight original research articles reporting on climate change and six papers reporting on climate change's impact on society and the economy. Meanwhile, three papers reported climate change's impact on agriculture, and climate change's impact on human health was studied in five articles.
    Keywords: hydrological modeling ; gridded datasets ; sensitivity analysis ; water balance ; snowmelt ; SWAT ; Upper Vakhsh River Basin ; economic loss prediction ; machine learning ; input-output model ; flooding ; regional climate model ; RegCM4.5 ; western Tianshan Mountains ; parameterization scheme ; air quality satisfaction ; quality of life ; binomial logistic regression ; health utility value ; experienced utility ; elevated [CO2] ; warming ; SPAD ; leaf nitrogen monitoring ; nitrogen management ; Issyk-Kul ; accumulated temperature ; yield per unit area of beans ; climate change ; panel spatial error model ; air pollution ; respiratory disease ; generalized additive model ; scenario analysis ; assessment of economic losses ; arid climate ; geothermal energy ; underground temperature ; greenhouse ; heat exchanger ; agricultural air pollution ; labor migration ; mediation effect ; income effect ; economy of scale ; collective effect ; haze pollution ; scale effect ; special spillover effect ; urban population agglomeration ; AQI ; visual analysis ; heat map ; ARIMA model ; neural network model ; pulmonary tuberculosis ; penalized distributed lag non-linear model ; meteorological factors ; apparent temperature ; cumulative risk ; HDI ; decoupling index ; carbon emission performance ; LMDI ; 10 m wind speed ; cumulus parameterization schemes ; sensitivity of physical processes ; WRF ; mainland China ; environmental regulation ; green innovation efficiency ; SBM of super-efficiency ; system GMM estimation ; model evaluation ; rainfall simulation ; interannual variation ; IAP-AGCM ; Thailand ; China ; environmental Kuznets curve ; geographically weighted regression ; haze ; spatial heterogeneity ; air pollutants ; sustained exposure to pollution ; respiratory and cardiovascular diseases ; CiteSpace ; co-occurrence keywords ; burst words ; mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis ; climate variables ; environmental variables ; ecological niche model ; transmission risk prediction ; drought ; cropland ; CMIP6 ; exposure ; scPDSI ; weather radar nowcasting ; generative adversarial network (GAN) ; Temporal and Spatial GAN (TSGAN) ; heavy precipitation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBP Meteorology and climatology
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Keywords: biofuel ; greenhouse gas emissions ; reduction in GHG emissions ; mechanical engineering ; internal combustion engines ; air pollution ; engine component wear ; power loss ; air filter pressure drop ; engine power ; hourly and specific fuel consumption ; smoke opacity ; air filter ; tracked vehicle ; return cyclone with tangential inlet ; cyclone design modifications ; separation efficiency ; pressure drop ; experimental studies ; dual fuel ; diesel-CNG ; CNG ; exhaust components ; emission of toxic exhaust components ; chassis dynamometer ; semi-truck ; dual-fuel ; tuning ; CFD ; scrubber ; wash water ; pH modelling ; alternative fuel ; exhaust gas composition ; exhaust emissions ; CO ; NO ; NO2 ; NOX CH4 ; C2H4 ; C2H6 ; C3H8 ; NH3 ; CH2O ; PowerCore filter bed ; separation efficiency and accuracy ; dust absorption coefficient ; two-stage air filter ; vehicle internal combustion engine ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: The construction industry is growing rapidly and time has changed the construction methods used. The traditional way of construction is becoming obsolete and technology is taking over. In this case, sustainable construction is the future and the new norm in the construction industry. Although there are various opportunities in this sector, there are also some challenges that exist and hinder productivity. Hence, this reprint covers the opportunities and challenges in sustainable construction.
    Keywords: thin film ; organic solar cell ; efficiency ; DBR ; temperature ; life cycle ; impact assessment ; recycled material ; geopolymer concrete ; sustainability ; workforce diversity ; technical skills ; motivation ; psychosocial ; construction worker ; productivity ; BIM ; post-disaster reconstruction ; construction industry ; scientometric analysis ; visualization ; PRISMA ; review ; RWL ; time series ; RHR ; seasonality ; prediction ; ANN ; SARIMA ; wastewater ; oil palm leaves activated carbon ; chemical activation ; COD ; adsorption ; green technology ; marble dust ; air pollution ; health hazards ; environmental pollution ; econometric analysis ; construction sector ; sustainable construction ; circular economy ; forecasting ; causal loop diagram ; construction management ; resilient supply chain ; sustainable supply chain ; supply chain management ; systems thinking ; forecasting models ; energy consumption ; smart buildings ; machine learning ; LSTM technique ; GIS ; PCA ; groundwater quality ; health risk ; solid waste ; error management climate ; psychological capital ; job stress ; aeronautical industry ; structural equation modeling ; IR 4.0 ; health and safety ; AHP ; barriers ; small contractors ; SEM ; Malaysia ; economy ; eco-materials ; energy ; environmental impact ; lean construction ; pollution ; prefabricated construction ; mediation analysis ; trust ; satisfaction ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This book brings together the latest research findings on the state of air pollution control and its impact on economic growth in different countries. The book has substantial content and rich discussion. It is suitable for students and researchers at different levels to learn the status of air pollution, governance policies and their effects, and the relationship between pollution control and economic growth in countries around the world.
    Keywords: haze pollution ; economic development quality ; environmental management ; PM2.5 concentration ; evolutionary game ; quadrilateral game ; air pollution ; pollution control policy ; PM2.5 ; spatiotemporal variation ; empirical orthogonal function ; continuous wavelet transform ; backward trajectory analysis ; joint governance region ; atrial fibrillation ; environmental factors ; binary logistic model ; sustainable development ; early warning ; design mobile laboratory campaign ; air pollution concentration ; population exposure to air pollutant ; air quality ; spatiotemporal characteristics ; urban land use ; coupled relationship ; Lanzhou City ; economic growth rate ; GDP per capita ; China ; digital economy ; industrial structure ; spatial spillover ; noise ; silence zone area ; GIS ; linear regression ; mechanical ventilation systems ; minimum ventilation level ; Korea housing ; CO2 concentration ; apartment ventilation ; construction industry ; sustainable development goals ; sustainable construction ; healthy living environment ; King Abdulaziz University ; GWR ; zero-carbon campus ; spatial heterogeneity ; O3 ; transmission pathways ; backward trajectory ; PSCF ; CWT ; global research trend ; SCI-Expanded database ; scientometrics ; halogenated gases ; climate change ; ozone depletion ; environmental regulations ; green technology innovation ; regional differences ; difference-in-differences ; urban form ; urbanization ; spatial autocorrelation ; sensitivity ; aerosols ; zero-out ; Iberian Peninsula ; carbon peak ; carbon neutrality ; export trade ; embodied carbon ; Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index ; random forests ; atmospheric circulation ; machine learning ; complex topography ; big-data intelligent system ; on-road vehicle emissions ; traffic monitoring ; hyperfine modelling ; real-time visualization ; decarbonization ; bituminous coal ; pollution source ; monitoring ; road traffic ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Air pollution is a mixture of particles and gases, which can reach unsafe concentrations for human health, the environment, vegetation, and materials. It has become one of the main sustainability issues and a concerning topic in atmospheric science. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 90% of the world’s population lives in highly polluted environments, and about 7 million premature deaths are caused yearly by outdoor and indoor air pollution. The combination of fast-growing populations, transport, fossil fuels, and biomass burning leads to pollution levels being especially high in some urban areas. Agriculture and natural phenomena are also important sources of pollution, underscoring the multi-faceted and transboundary nature of air pollution. The monitoring and understanding of the temporal and spatial behaviours of air pollutant concentrations are essential for both the implementation of air quality policies and the definition of effective measures to mitigate air pollution and its effects. Quantifying and monitoring exposure to air pollution in terms of public health is also a critical component in policy discussion. This reprint presents recent research activities concerning the characterization of air pollution and the applied modelling approaches.
    Keywords: carbon trading ; green innovation efficiency ; propensity score matching ; difference in differences model ; meteorology ; WRF ; air quality ; AERMOD ; source apportionment ; environmental impact assessment ; condensable particulate matter ; air quality model ; PM2.5 ; air pollution ; particulate matter ; microplastics ; non-exhaust emissions ; NORTRIP ; air pollution transmission ; indoor–outdoor relation ; urban canyon ; computational fluid dynamics ; factors of transmission ; cluster analysis ; meteorological influence ; Multiple linear regression ; NOx influence ; Pearson’s correlation ; rural trends ; surface ozone ; mashrabiya ; total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) ; formaldehyde (HCHO) ; retention period ; hot desert climate ; occupational exposure ; Bayesian spline model ; time-series ; public transport ; inhalation ; air quality plans ; PM2.5 episodes ; air pollution policy ; NO2 concentrations ; diff-in-diff-regression ; urban agglomeration (UA) ; regional difference ; distribution dynamics ; convergence ; Utah ; environmental history ; national ambient air quality standards ; machine learning ; atmospheric pollution ; self-organizing maps ; Salvador-BA ; COVID-19 ; Tehran ; AQI ; landscape architecture ; urban green space ; human thermal comfort ; spatial differentiation ; evidence-based design ; dispersion model ; health risk assessment ; indoor air quality ; cook stove ; biomass burning ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQK Pollution control
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Air pollution is a worldwide environmental hazard that poses serious consequences not only for human health and the climate but also for agriculture, ecosystems, and cultural heritage, among other factors. According to the WHO, there are 8 million premature deaths every year as a result of exposure to ambient air pollution. In addition, more than 90% of the world’s population live in areas where the air quality is poor, exceeding the recommended limits. On the other hand, air pollution and the climate co-influence one another through complex physicochemical interactions in the atmosphere that alter the Earth’s energy balance and have implications for climate change and the air quality. It is important to measure specific atmospheric parameters and pollutant compound concentrations, monitor their variations, and analyze different scenarios with the aim of assessing the air pollution levels and developing early warning and forecast systems as a means of improving the air quality and safeguarding public health. Such measures can also form part of efforts to achieve a reduction in the number of air pollution casualties and mitigate climate change phenomena. This book contains contributions focusing on remote sensing techniques for evaluating air quality, including the use of in situ data, modeling approaches, and the synthesis of different instrumentations and techniques. The papers published in this book highlight the importance and relevance of air quality studies and the potential of remote sensing, particularly that conducted from Earth observation platforms, to shed light on this topic.
    Keywords: tropospheric NO2 concentrations ; nitrogen dioxide ; OMI ; spatio-temporal trends ; DBEST ; PolyTrend ; time-series analysis ; breakpoint detection ; air pollution ; TROPOMI ; COVID ; nitrogen oxides ; satellite-based ; NO2 ; land use regression ; exposure assessment ; carbon monoxide ; COVID-19 ; China ; surface concentration ; IASI ; drone ; UAV ; gas sensors ; odour ; industrial emissions ; mapping ; environmental monitoring ; aerosol optical depth ; CAMS ; machine learning ; MODIS ; urban form ; PM2.5 ; landscape metrics ; geographically weighted regression ; Yunnan Plateau ; biomass burning ; cross-border transport ; WRF-Chem ; formaldehyde ; trend ; satellite ; monitor ; annual ; seasonal ; temperature ; meteorology ; AOD ; Europe ; open data ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBP Meteorology & climatology
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This reprint brings together fifteen articles published in the Special Issue of the journal Atmosphere, entitled “High-Performance Computing Serving Atmospheric Transport & Dispersion Modelling”. These articles cover a wide variety of topics related to air quality in urban areas and nature-based solutions to improve it in the context of climate change; impact studies on human health and the environment of facilities and infrastructure projects as well as risk studies; the assessment of emerging threats; and preparations for and responses to emergencies involving toxic, flammable, or explosive atmospheric releases. As the fifteen articles presented here remarkably illustrate, what these contemporary topics have in common is the implementation of multi-scale simulations of atmospheric transport and dispersion by means of physical models of computational fluid dynamics (CFDs), whose potential is enhanced by high-performance computing (HPC). This reprint thus addresses the answers provided by modelling and the most advanced simulations to some societal matters of major interest.
    Keywords: operational emergency modeling ; atmospheric release ; high-resolution metric grid ; 3D ; PMSS modeling system ; Code_Saturne ; EMERGENCIES project ; lattice Boltzmann method ; large eddy simulation ; pollutant dispersion ; urban physics ; urban air pollution ; nature-based solutions ; green infrastructure ; PMSS Lagrangian model ; NOx ; PM10 ; large-eddy simulation ; plume dispersion ; urban area ; coupling simulation ; mesoscale meteorological simulation model ; meteorological observation ; graphics processing unit computing ; atmospheric dispersion modelling ; microscale dispersion ; model validation ; database ; on-site meteorological observation ; water mist dispersion ; lagrangian dispersion model ; web visualization ; web mapping ; emergencies project ; atmospheric boundary layer ; OpenFOAM ; gas dispersion ; CFD ; turbulence model ; hazard assessment ; horizontal homogeneity ; wind field ; deposition ; machine learning ; hazardous release ; WRF ; FLEXPART ; prediction ; air pollution ; air quality modelling ; ADMS-Urban ; high performance computing ; HPC ; West Midlands ; air quality ; urban scale ; traffic emissions ; micro-scale dispersion models ; aerosols ; South Asia ; WRF-Chem ; precipitation ; CAPE ; CIN ; urban dispersion ; complex terrain ; fast-response dispersion modeling ; computational fluid dynamics ; RANS ; urban dispersion modelling ; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes ; situational awareness ; CityGML ; air quality impact study ; PMSS model ; high resolution grid ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 15
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: Cities are widely recognized as environments which can present risks to humans. Risks to health and well-being are measured in three groups of indices: physiological, emotional, and cognitive. The environmental factors discussed in studies include physical factors such as noise, heat load, and air pollution, and social factors include feelings of discomfort, crime, transportation, and access to health services. Some studies even argue that stress and health risks are intrinsic to urban environments and that restoration is intrinsic to green environments. This Topic aims to discuss what spaces can be greened and the effect this has on urban environments. It also discusses the effect of the size and layout of parks, vegetation on the walls and roofs of houses, and the effects of different types of vegetation, building materials, and energy-efficient design. Today’s environment demands new design processes, construction techniques, occupancy practices, and management strategies to increase the resilience of the built environment to extreme, uncontrollable, and unpredictable events while providing healthy and sustainable environments for people. This Topic reflects on what the new concept of sustainability for the built environment should be and how to guide new research directions.
    Keywords: environmentally friendly processing ; wastewater ; thermal comfort ; air quality monitoring ; indoor environment quality ; building innovation systems ; health outcomes ; smart home for health ; efficient interior lighting systems ; acoustics ; environmental buildings ; passive building strategies ; air pollution ; energy efficiency ; sustainable materials ; green architecture ; healthy architecture ; sustainable construction ; smart construction ; high-performance building ; sustainable processes ; energy policy ; green energy ; energy environmental impact ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Nowadays, Forestry has become an important field for the Environmental and Earth sciences due to its importance in global systems. While forest recreation focuses on forests as the main destination for public recreational activities, landscape protection refers to the conservation and restoration of natural beauty. Urban and peri-urban forests have become a place for the recreational activities of people living in big cities. They provide benefits to the quality of life. Landscape protection is also important, not only for scientific and ecological reasons but also for social and cultural ones. This reprint presents different contributions by the authors dealing with recent scientific research on forestry, recreational activities, landscape management, ecosystem services, etc., in different areas of the world.
    Keywords: tree cover loss ; environment ; degradation ; Mediterranean Region ; forest recreation ; ecosystem services ; forest management ; visitors monitoring ; single-track bike trails ; NEP ; nature experience ; Asia ; outdoor recreation ; urban forest ; green space ; airborne particulate matter ; meteorological parameters ; height ; air pollution ; particulate matter ; WAI ; urban trees ; brown leaf area index ; protected area management ; text mining ; natural language processing ; sentiment analysis ; multidimensional scaling method ; web scraping ; customer satisfaction ; TripAdvisor reviews ; endemic ; landscape protection ; conservation ; Magnolia sulawesiana ; habitat characteristic ; spatial distribution ; forest landscape ; deepsentibank ; deep learning ; geotagged photos ; human health ; forest air ; monoterpenes ; path analysis ; Pinus pinaster ; mountain biking ; recreation ; trade-off ; use conflict ; commercial forestry ; plantation forest ; Pinus radiata ; New Zealand ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Cities are widely recognized as environments which can present risks to humans. Risks to health and well-being are measured in three groups of indices: physiological, emotional, and cognitive. The environmental factors discussed in studies include physical factors such as noise, heat load, and air pollution, and social factors include feelings of discomfort, crime, transportation, and access to health services. Some studies even argue that stress and health risks are intrinsic to urban environments and that restoration is intrinsic to green environments. This Topic aims to discuss what spaces can be greened and the effect this has on urban environments. It also discusses the effect of the size and layout of parks, vegetation on the walls and roofs of houses, and the effects of different types of vegetation, building materials, and energy-efficient design. Today’s environment demands new design processes, construction techniques, occupancy practices, and management strategies to increase the resilience of the built environment to extreme, uncontrollable, and unpredictable events while providing healthy and sustainable environments for people. This Topic reflects on what the new concept of sustainability for the built environment should be and how to guide new research directions.
    Keywords: environmentally friendly processing ; wastewater ; thermal comfort ; air quality monitoring ; indoor environment quality ; building innovation systems ; health outcomes ; smart home for health ; efficient interior lighting systems ; acoustics ; environmental buildings ; passive building strategies ; air pollution ; energy efficiency ; sustainable materials ; green architecture ; healthy architecture ; sustainable construction ; smart construction ; high-performance building ; sustainable processes ; energy policy ; green energy ; energy environmental impact ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue presents an extract from the reality of smart agriculture, where the combination of modern technologies, innovative solutions, and sustainable approaches to food production classifies this part of science as highly interdisciplinary, multifaceted, and technologically advanced. The need to increase productivity, optimize natural resources, and minimize environmental impact requires new approaches. In this context, smart agriculture is emerging as a solution that combines technology, data, and science to achieve sustainable, efficient, and innovative food production. This Special Issue introduces the field of smart farming, which encompasses a range of advanced technologies. The use of these tools allows for the monitoring and optimization of crop conditions, precise fertilization, the minimization of water and energy usage, and the improvement of crop quality and quantity. In addition, plant monitoring systems are described, which, by means of sensors and data analysis, provide farmers with valuable information about plant health, soil moisture, temperature, and other factors affecting crop growth. A significant part of this monograph deals with the automation of agricultural processes, where robots and machines undertake tasks with high precision and accuracy, contributing to the farmer’s efficiency. This Special Issue aims not only to provide an understanding of smart agriculture but to also inspire the reader to think about the future of agriculture and the ways in which modern food production methods can be improved.
    Keywords: recirculating aquaculture system ; variable-flow regulation model ; circulating pump-drum filter linkage working technique ; machine learning methods ; gene algorithm support vector machine ; controlled environment agriculture ; digital twin ; productivity ; architecture ; optimization ; NDVI ; image processing ; SURF ; SIFT ; SVM ; BP algorithm ; performance ; sweet pepper ; deep neural network ; sprouts ; stimulation with a pulsed magnetic field ; micro and macro components ; ICP-OES ; ground pressure ; paddy soil ; seeding skateboard ; internet of things ; wireless measurement system ; calcium ; magnesium ; phosphorus ; potassium ; copper ; iron ; manganese ; sodium ; zinc ; wild leafy vegetables ; real-time kinematic (RTK) ; precision agriculture ; ISO standard ; global positioning system (GPS) ; GLONASS ; agricultural tractor ; Korean ginseng ; root-rot-disease ; plant segmentation ; deep learning ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; convolutional neural network ; corn insect ; electrical fields ; magnetic fields ; high-voltage electric field ; growth of fruits ; ripening of fruits ; shelf life of fruits ; fungicide resistance ; PCR ; broad-spectrum fungicides ; Fusarium solani ; toxicity ; asymmetric machine-tractor unit ; motion ; stability ; resistance coefficients ; amplitude-frequency characteristic ; phase-frequency characteristic ; quality parameters ; firmness ; total soluble solid ; titratable acidity ; dry matter ; respiration rate ; apple fruit ; model predictive control ; energy management system ; renewable energy ; smart irrigation ; agriculture 4.0 ; maize bulk ; kernel breakage ; vertical pressure ; deformation ; heat production ; sustainable ; agriculture ; rural ; mobile internet technology ; bivariate probit model ; agricultural modernization ; Pakistan ; wheat ; smart ; Zea mays ; stalk diseases ; crop rotation ; stubble ; suppressive soils ; biomass combustion ; broadleaved tree ; pulsed electric field ; calorific value ; UV-C radiation ; stress response ; mechanical properties ; stimulation ; potato tuber ; CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) ; terminal velocity ; winnowing machine separation ; chili pepper harvester ; water and fertilizer integration ; pH adjustment ; BP-PID-Smith algorithm ; estimated compensation ; convolutional neural networks ; MATLAB ; hybrid system ; mobile application ; aeration ; airflow resistance ; pore volume ; semi-empirical modelling ; self-compaction ; spatial and temporal ; energy ; environmental contamination ; lettuce ; life cycle assessment ; winter wheat ; leaf greenness index (SPAD) ; protein ; photosynthesis ; nitrogen ; smart agriculture ; weed management ; crop productivity ; computer vision ; analytical procedure ; forklift truck ; interchangeable equipment ; static stability assessment ; typical meteorological sequence ; typical meteorological week ; wastewater treatment ; high-rate algae pond ; solar irradiance ; Finkelstein-Schafer statistics ; southern rice ; threshing loss ; fuzzy PID ; adaptive algorithm ; hilly mountainous areas ; rapeseed pod ; surface area measurement ; 3-D measurement ; side area of oblique cylinders ; rapeseed pod seed testing machine ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Air pollution poses a significant risk to human health. Emissions from industrial activities, energy production, transport, waste management activities, and natural sources contribute to the many air pollution-induced problems, such as reduced visibility, adverse health effects, and global climate change. The residence time of pollutants in the atmosphere can extend from several days to months, and the corresponding spatial transportation scales are proportionally large, ranging from local to continental. Even though there is no region not affected by air pollution at some level, the situation is significantly worse in urban areas. Urban areas are hotspots of air pollution, and especially the large and densely populated metropolitan areas. Air pollutants can vary in type and characteristics, and can be of gaseous or particulate form, and can either be directly emitted or formed in the atmosphere from their precursor molecules.The aim of this Special Issue was to gather up-to-date research knowledge aiming at assessing air pollution at the urban and regional level, including both experimental and monitoring studies and mathematical/numerical modeling studies.
    Keywords: atmospheric composition ; dynamic and chemical processes ; ensemble of numerical simulation ; process analysis ; contribution of different emission sources ; urban air quality ; road traffic emission ; emission abatement ; Euro norm limits ; population exposure ; PM10 ; PM2.5 ; OC ; EC ; black carbon ; urban air pollution ; modeling of BC ; CAMS ; restaurants ; chimney emission ; combustion efficiency ; ambient air pollution ; emission standards ; land use and land cover ; spatiotemporal characteristics ; air pollution ; remote sensing ; China ; silt loading ; resuspended dust and lane traffic level ; vehicle-based real-time PM measured system ; yellow dust ; ozone ; pollution characteristics ; terrain ; mount tai ; WRF-CMAQ ; emission Euro norms ; BEV/PHEV cars ; hygroscopicity ; source apportionment ; positive matrix factorization ; urban background ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQK Pollution control
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Cities are widely recognized as environments which can present risks to humans. Risks to health and well-being are measured in three groups of indices: physiological, emotional, and cognitive. The environmental factors discussed in studies include physical factors such as noise, heat load, and air pollution, and social factors include feelings of discomfort, crime, transportation, and access to health services. Some studies even argue that stress and health risks are intrinsic to urban environments and that restoration is intrinsic to green environments. This Topic aims to discuss what spaces can be greened and the effect this has on urban environments. It also discusses the effect of the size and layout of parks, vegetation on the walls and roofs of houses, and the effects of different types of vegetation, building materials, and energy-efficient design. Today’s environment demands new design processes, construction techniques, occupancy practices, and management strategies to increase the resilience of the built environment to extreme, uncontrollable, and unpredictable events while providing healthy and sustainable environments for people. This Topic reflects on what the new concept of sustainability for the built environment should be and how to guide new research directions.
    Keywords: environmentally friendly processing ; wastewater ; thermal comfort ; air quality monitoring ; indoor environment quality ; building innovation systems ; health outcomes ; smart home for health ; efficient interior lighting systems ; acoustics ; environmental buildings ; passive building strategies ; air pollution ; energy efficiency ; sustainable materials ; green architecture ; healthy architecture ; sustainable construction ; smart construction ; high-performance building ; sustainable processes ; energy policy ; green energy ; energy environmental impact ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Brazil, the largest country in Latin America, is a multicultural country with abundant biodiversity, forests, and water sources. The country has experienced rapid urbanization and industrialization in recent decades, creating considerable social and economic progress. However, countless environmental and occupational risks that follow unregulated development still threaten the health of exposed children and adults from urban and rural areas. Despite a complex scenario of exposure to multiple contaminants, studies on the impacts on human health and well-being are sorely needed. Thus, building up comprehensive evidence on environmental and occupational health in Brazil is crucial to improving practices and policies toward stronger social development. This Special Issue comprises cutting-edge epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies, as well as literature reviews on all aspects of environmental and occupational health in Brazil. Studies on children, adults, and vulnerable populations related to toxicology, epidemiology, and public policies are especially welcomed. Manuscript topics include, but are not limited to, the adverse health effects of physical, chemical, and biological risks; exposure to air, water, soil and food pollution; metals and pesticides; organic solvents; dust; and climate change.
    Keywords: vulnerability ; drought ; health ; social determinants ; rural population ; Brazil ; mercury ; indigenous ; health risk assessment ; Munduruku ; fish ; Brazilian Amazon ; mercury exposure ; ALAD ; genetic polymorphism ; neurotoxicity ; environmental health ; indigenous people ; illegal mining activities ; methylmercury exposure ; Good-Living ; mental health ; Amerindian people ; Brazilian amazon ; environmental pollution ; cosmopolitics ; poverty areas ; undernutrition ; indigenous populations ; intergenerational relations ; epidemiologic determinants ; gold mining ; children health ; neurological effects ; Amazon ; 1000 days ; childbearing women ; nutrition ; vaccine coverage ; neurological abnormalities ; environmental impacts ; illegal mining ; acute renal failure ; agricultural occupation ; death certificates ; kidney diseases ; mortality ; pesticides ; contaminated areas ; urban residues ; urban areas ; organochlorine ; organophosphorus ; pyrethroids ; seafood ; MSPD ; GC-MS/MS ; blood ; metals ; child ; environmental exposure ; occupational exposure ; dust ; child health ; worker health ; probabilistic risk assessment ; hazard quotient ; Monte Carlo ; dietary exposure risk ; mitigation measure ; food contaminants ; organochlorine compounds ; DDT ; polychlorinated biphenyls ; pregnant women ; umbilical cord ; breast milk ; vocational rehabilitation ; return to work ; work-related musculoskeletal disorders ; occupational health ; pesticide ; poisoning ; epidemiology ; toxicology ; tobacco ; farmer ; toxic metals ; determinants ; pregnancy ; maternal health ; steel industry ; endocrine disruptors ; PER3 gene polymorphism ; chronotypes ; environmental contamination ; women ; breastfeeding ; air pollution ; health effects ; multi-pollutant model ; artificial neural network ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint is a compilation of the articles and reviews published in the Special issue entitled "Controversies and Recent Advances in Senescence and Aging" in Cells. The Editorial summarises and highlights the contents of the published articles. Aging is the leading predictive factor of many chronic diseases that account for most of the morbidity and mortality worldwide, i.e., neurodegeneration, cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, and bone diseases, as well as cancers. Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species generation, the over-production of inflammatory cytokines, the activation of oncogenes, DNA damage, telomere shortening, and the accumulation of senescent cells are all widely accepted mechanisms contributing to aging. Senescence is mainly thought to be provoked by negative cellular stress but might also be induced by physiological developmental stimuli. Senescence is characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest independent of quiescence and terminal differentiation. The Special Issue entitled “Controversies and Recent Advances in Senescence and Aging”, which is contained in this reprint, comprises an excellent collection of original articles and reviews highlighting different novel aspects in the fields of senescence and aging research. They will hopefully stimulate discussions and further research in these fields, which are extremely important in a constantly aging human population.
    Keywords: aging ; endothelial cells ; development ; liver ; heart ; brain ; kidney ; senescence ; SASP ; ageing ; senolytics/senostatics ; p16Ink4a ; p19Arf ; p21Waf1/Cip1 ; replicative senescence ; DNA damage response ; telomerase and telomeres ; TGF-β signalling ; pulmonary fibrosis ; COVID-19 ; natural killer cells (NK cells) ; immunosenescence ; elderly ; frailty ; cytokines ; inflammation ; immune system ; sarcopenia ; NLRP ; pyroptosis ; gasdermin ; aging-related disease ; mouse model ; melanocyte ; melanoma ; beta-galactosidase ; telomerase/hTERT ; anti-cancer ; sanguinarine chloride ; cellular senescence ; multinucleation ; retinal pigment epithelium ; reactive oxygen species ; photoreceptor ; DNA damage ; p53 ; telomeres ; telomerase ; shelterin ; moderate exercise ; high-fat diet ; Sprague Dawley rats ; lung diseases ; asthma ; COPD ; remodeling ; mitochondrial dysfunction ; metabolic function ; stem cells ; lysosome ; lifespan ; duox ; ROS ; Drosophila melanogaster ; air pollution ; skin aging ; cosmetics ; short-chain fatty acids ; neutrophil ; HIV ; women ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Nowadays, Forestry has become an important field for the Environmental and Earth sciences due to its importance in global systems. While forest recreation focuses on forests as the main destination for public recreational activities, landscape protection refers to the conservation and restoration of natural beauty. Urban and peri-urban forests have become a place for the recreational activities of people living in big cities. They provide benefits to the quality of life. Landscape protection is also important, not only for scientific and ecological reasons but also for social and cultural ones. This reprint presents different contributions by the authors dealing with recent scientific research on forestry, recreational activities, landscape management, ecosystem services, etc., in different areas of the world.
    Keywords: tree cover loss ; environment ; degradation ; Mediterranean Region ; forest recreation ; ecosystem services ; forest management ; visitors monitoring ; single-track bike trails ; NEP ; nature experience ; Asia ; outdoor recreation ; urban forest ; green space ; airborne particulate matter ; meteorological parameters ; height ; air pollution ; particulate matter ; WAI ; urban trees ; brown leaf area index ; protected area management ; text mining ; natural language processing ; sentiment analysis ; multidimensional scaling method ; web scraping ; customer satisfaction ; TripAdvisor reviews ; endemic ; landscape protection ; conservation ; Magnolia sulawesiana ; habitat characteristic ; spatial distribution ; forest landscape ; deepsentibank ; deep learning ; geotagged photos ; human health ; forest air ; monoterpenes ; path analysis ; Pinus pinaster ; mountain biking ; recreation ; trade-off ; use conflict ; commercial forestry ; plantation forest ; Pinus radiata ; New Zealand ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: In this Special Issue, seven original research articles, two review articles, and one protocol show the impact of female researchers in the field of analytical science. Analytical methods are necessary in dentistry, medicine (both human and veterinary), archaeology, the pharmaceutical industry, food science and technology, and environmental sciences, and these are only a few examples. The multidisciplinary role of chemistry is reflected in all important advances from research groups in technological progress, proving that analytical chemistry is the key issue in scientific progress. In parallel with this outstanding role of analytical chemistry in a variety of scientific fields, we would particularly like to reflect the impact of female researchers in the field of analytical chemistry in this Special Issue to serve as a motivational guide for girls and women pursuing a STEM career. Therefore, we invited well-established scientists to share the results of their research with the scientific community through this Special Issue, which aimed to compile manuscripts written or lead by women analytical chemists.
    Keywords: bisphenol A ; 4-tert-octylphenol ; Artemia franciscana ; HPLC-DAD ; SPME ; pesticide ; gas chromatography ; mass spectrometry ; food ; environmental ; rosuvastatin ; ezetimibe ; glassy carbon electrode ; adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry ; UVFs ; QuEChERS ; in-port derivatization ; waste sludge ; PAH ; biomonitoring ; air pollution ; tree ; HPLC ; antioxidants ; chlorogenic acid ; chemiluminiscence ; CCD camera ; green coffee ; on-site ; heavy metal ions ; modified electrode ; electroanalysis ; nanoparticles ; anthocyanins ; Box–Behnken design ; optimization ; purple corn ; ultrasound-assisted extraction ; antibody conjugates ; biosensing ; bioreporter ; lateral flow devices ; nanoparticles aggregation ; pH ; hydroalcoholic gels ; personal care products ; solid phase microextraction ; tandem mass spectrometry ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint provides important scientific information across all areas of respiratory research including COVID-19, COPD, asthma, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, sleep medicine and respiratory critical care.
    Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 ; transmission ; masks ; medical masks ; FFP masks ; N95 masks ; cloth masks ; respiratory side effects ; cough ; dyspnea ; sputum ; COVID-19 ; β-Thalassemia ; mortality ; critical care ; pandemic ; biomarkers ; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ; exacerbations ; lung aging ; oxidative stress ; sleep deprivation ; exercise ; cardiovascular ; cognitive ; vitamin D ; hospitalization ; ICU admission ; intubation ; mechanical ventilation ; acute respiratory distress syndrome ; open lung biopsy ; histology ; diffuse alveolar damage ; pulmonary fibrosis ; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ; outcomes ; COPD ; respiratory muscle training ; cognitive impairment ; inspiratory muscle training ; expiratory muscle training ; FEV1 ; diaphragmatic thickness fraction ; mandibular advancement devices (MADs) ; obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) ; dental effects ; skeletal effects ; adults ; influenza ; human ; troponin ; cardiovascular infections ; virus diseases ; usTnT ; tuberculosis ; antituberculotic drugs ; host immune response ; pulmonary rehabilitation ; breakthrough COVID-19 hospitalizations ; clinical outcomes ; SARS-CoV-2 IgG Spike responses ; vaccine-induced immunity ; recovery ; septic shock ; venous return ; mean circulatory filling pressure ; stressed volume ; unstressed volume ; rest volume ; cardiovascular dynamics ; hemodynamics ; anesthesiology ; intensive care medicine ; latent tuberculosis ; inflammatory rheumatoid disease ; interferon-inducible protein-10 ; one-lung ventilation ; supine position ; iloprost ; oxygenation ; lung mechanics ; pulmonary embolism ; venous thromboembolism ; bleeding complications ; anticoagulant treatment ; prediction of bleeding ; in-hospital bleeding ; vaccination ; risk factors ; effectiveness ; fractional exhaled NO ; sevoflurane ; propofol ; eosinophil blood count ; thyroidectomy ; asthma ; sarcopenia ; low muscle mass ; inflammation ; respiratory disease ; diagnosis ; D-dimers ; ischemia modified albumin ; microparticles ; microRNAs ; Factor VIII ; C-reactive protein (CRP) ; community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) ; prognosis ; length of stay ; antibody ; infection ; immunization ; digitalization of healthcare ; control ; severity ; urokinase plasminogen activator receptor ; PM2.5 ; air pollution ; respiratory diseases ; pneumonia ; upper respiratory infections ; emergency department ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This collection that is based on the Special Issue contains 37 high-quality, rigorously peer-reviewed, cutting-edge pieces of original research applying a multi-disciplinary academic approach to study how to improve environment quality and healthy living in contemporary and future urban environments. This multidisciplinary collection helps to disseminate and communicate scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries of how to make healthy cities available to researchers, academics, and the general public globally.
    Keywords: urban sprawl ; physical health ; mental health ; Smog Free Tower ; air purification ; housing price ; moderating effect ; traffic convenience ; urban resilience ; spatiotemporal differentiation ; ESDA ; geographical detector model ; YRB ; social capital ; social participation ; volunteering ; urban China ; urban governance ; Chinese national scenic areas ; tourism economy ; time-limited rectification ; pilot free trade zones ; green total factor productivity ; green development ; difference-in-differences ; quasi-natural experiment ; land use evolution ; land ecological security ; AHP-FCE model ; evaluation ; China ; business environment ; FDI ; BRI countries ; status elevation the global value chain ; pilot free trade zone ; port ; green TFP ; environmental constraints ; regional heterogeneity ; air pollution ; health shocks ; labor mobility ; mediating effect ; threshold effect ; production-living-ecology ; spatial transformation characteristics ; spatial conflicts ; urban agglomeration ; carbon emissions ; Tapio decoupling ; LMDI model ; provincial level ; low-carbon economy ; physical inactivity ; prolonged sitting ; unhealthy diet ; sports facilities ; street greenery ; spatial accessibility ; medical system ; multi-tiered two-step floating catchment area (MT2SFCA) method ; equity ; healthcare ; Hu Line of land ; “production-living-ecology” coordination ; spatial heterogeneity ; ESDA-GWR ; COVID-19 ; mask ; willingness to pay ; protection motivation theory ; contingent value method ; urban ; health impact assessment ; bibliometric analysis ; CiteSpace ; knowledge mapping ; disaster-preventive migration (DPM) ; social stability risk ; fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) ; ethnic minority area ; green finance ; ecological environment ; coupling coordination rate ; spatiotemporal evolution ; driving factor ; environmental equality ; guanxi network ; pig farming pollution ; cost and benefit sharing ; technological innovation ; coupling coordination ; green economy ; aging migration ; housing tenure ; social integration ; Beijing ; environmental pollution control investment efficiency ; three-stage DEA ; super-efficient SBM ; Global-Malmquist-Luenberger index ; regional differences ; digital financial inclusion ; green innovation ; financing constraints ; life cycle ; carbon emissions trading ; total factor productivity of agricultural enterprises ; double difference ; policy mix ; policy design ; pandemic management ; policy outcomes ; compound crisis ; urban sustainability ; healthy cities ; projects ; risks ; expert evaluation ; fuzzy sets ; European Green Deal ; Industry 5.0 ; decision-making ; transport ; medical infrastructure ; healing and therapeutic design ; blockchain ; building information modeling (BIM) ; landscape information modeling (LIM) ; city information modeling (CIM) ; art therapy ; sustainable development ; non-fungible token (NFT) ; Health Metaverse ; workplace ; avoidance behavior ; public health ; regression discontinuity design ; migration intention ; high human capital ; instrumental variable ; regional economic resilience ; influence mechanism ; Yellow River Basin ; quality of life ; healthy region ; healthy environment ; spatial ; synthetic measure ; voivodship ; national fitness policy ; national health ; human capital ; public finance health expenditures ; civil registration ; block chain ; digitization governance ; smart contract ; urban young returnees ; happiness ; healthy China ; HLM ; SEM ; rural-to-urban migrant ; performance analysis ; science mapping ; network analysis ; environmental policy uncertainty ; enterprise pollution emission ; enterprise innovation ; the foreign investment ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Electrical machines are one of the most important components of the industrial world. They are at the heart of the new industrial revolution, brought forth by the development of electromobility and renewable energy systems. Electric motors must meet the most stringent requirements of reliability, availability, and high efficiency in order, among other things, to match the useful lifetime of power electronics in complex system applications and compete in the market under ever-increasing pressure to deliver the highest performance criteria. Today, thanks to the application of highly efficient numerical algorithms running on high-performance computers, it is possible to design electric machines and very complex drive systems faster and at a lower cost. At the same time, progress in the field of material science and technology enables the development of increasingly complex motor designs and topologies. The purpose of this Special Issue is to contribute to this development of electric machines. The publication of this collection of scientific articles, dedicated to the topic of electric machine design and application, contributes to the dissemination of the above information among professionals dealing with electrical machines.
    Keywords: electric AWD tractor ; SOC level ; simulation model ; load measurement system ; driving test ; brushless direct current motor with permanent magnet (BLDCM) ; winding configurations ; star ; delta ; star–delta ; fault states ; open circuit (OC) ; FFT ; neutral-point voltage ; electrical machine ; hydro generator ; faulty synchronization ; finite element method ; field-circuit modeling ; permanent magnet machines ; hybrid excitation ; electric vehicles ; wind power generator ; finite element methods ; variable speed machines ; synchronous generator ; permanent magnets ; demagnetization ; motor control ; switched reluctance motor ; MATLAB ; simulation ; wheel hub motor ; electric drive ; permanent magnet synchronous motor ; electrical machines ; thermal modeling ; preformed coils ; insulation systems ; pre-shaped conductor ; system model ; structural dynamics ; multibody simulation ; transient electrical machine model ; permanent magnet synchronous machine ; induction machine ; dynamic gear forces ; planetary gear ; synchronous condenser ; different materials ; magnetic flux leakage in the end ; eddy current loss ; fluid–solid coupling ; finite element analysis (FEA) ; interior PM synchronous motor ; surface PM synchronous motor ; traction applications ; finite element analysis ; flux switching machine ; flux bridge ; magnetic flux leakage ; variable flux machine ; axial flux generator ; spatial harmonic interaction ; harmonic balance method ; turbo-generator ; eddy current losses ; data driven ; support vector regression ; multi-layer perceptron ; vane pump ; electric motor ; integrated motor-pump assembly (IMPA) ; balanced vane pump ; fluid power drives ; brushless DC electric motor ; permanent magnet machine ; measurements ; high-speed motor ; electromagnetic analysis ; mechanical analysis ; thermal analysis ; electromechanical convertor ; drive system component ; electromagnetic calculation ; MR fluids ; MR multi-disc clutch ; clutch design ; electric train ; hybrid excited linear flux switching machine ; rope-less elevator ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: In the biochemical reactions that take place within all living beings, species called free radicals are generated. Denham Harman, in his study on the origin and evolution of life (Harman, 2001), proposes that these species are amongst the causes of the origin of life on our planet. Oxygen is a molecule that provides the primary source of energy in aerobic organisms and therefore is key to the development and evolution of life. On the one hand, it gives rise to life; on the other, due to its ability to form different free radicals, it is capable of damaging essential structures for development. To combat these radicals, our biological systems have developed antioxidant defenses. However, when the balance between free radicals and antioxidant defenses is broken in favor of the former, a phenomenon called oxidative stress occurs, which ends up damaging molecules such as DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids (Sies, 1983) (Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1985). This phenomenon is implicated both in the development of diseases and in their progression. In addition, inflammation phenomena are also involved in most pathologies, which, although they are essential for tissue repair and immunity, turn against our bodies when they become excessively active. For these reasons, in this special edition we showcase an extensive knowledge of the effects of oxidative stress and inflammation both in diseases such as aging, or for its role in health.
    Keywords: diospyrin ; lipopolysaccharide ; anti-inflammation ; macrophages ; nitric oxide ; cytokine ; calcium ; CHOP ; Fas ; p38 MAPK ; Astragalus mongholicus Bunge ; danazol ; telomere ; telomerase ; aging ; diabetic kidney disease ; oxidative stress ; redox imbalance ; hyperimmunized milk ; exercise ; inflammation ; intestinal permeability ; acute respiratory distress syndrome ; antiplatelet ; aspirin ; therapy ; gender ; membrane erythrocyte ; hydroperoxides ; biomarker ; DPPP ; DPH ; TMA ; cardiovascular disease ; data analysis ; precision–recall ; Mediterranean diet ; Oriental diet ; nutrition ; polyphenols ; microbiota ; health ; n-3 PUFAs ; endogenous antioxidants ; anti-inflammatory response ; cardiovascular diseases ; dry eye syndrome ; corneal damage ; tear lipidome ; 5-lipoxigenase ; leukotriene B4 ; prostaglandins ; dimethyl sulfoxide ; zileuton ; air pollution ; soot ; particulate matter ; lung inflammation ; functional groups ; microglia ; porcine liver decomposition product ; lysophospholipids ; mild cognitive impairment ; dementia ; neuroinflammation ; cytokines ; oxygen reactive species ; caloric restriction ; oxidative balance ; adiponectin ; plasma ; white adipose tissue ; experimental model ; anti-inflammatory diets ; inflammatory response ; chronic inflammation ; low grade chronic inflammation ; inflammatory models ; cyclophosphamide ; doxorubicin ; docetaxel ; paclitaxel ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Environmental odour is perceived as a major nuisance by rural as well as urban populations. The sources of odourous substances are manifold. In urban areas, these include restaurants, small manufacturing trades, and other sources, which might cause complaints. In the suburbs, wastewater treatment plants, landfill sites, and other infrastructures are the expected major odour sources. These problems are often caused be the accelerated growth of cities. In rural sites, livestock farming and the spreading of manure on the fields is blamed for severe odour annoyance. In fact, environmental odours are considered to be a common cause of public complaints by residents to local authorities, regional, or national environmental agencies. This Special Issue of Atmosphere will address the entire chain, from the quantification of odour sources, abatement methods, the dilution in the atmosphere, and the assessment of odour exposure for the assessment of annoyance. In particular, this Special Issue aims to encourage contributions dealing with field trials and dispersion modeling to assess the degree of annoyance and the quantitative success of abatement measures.
    Keywords: environmental odour ; emission ; annoyance ; separation distance ; dispersion models ; empirical equations ; odour ; dispersion modelling ; wastewater treatment ; odour impact criteria ; separation distances ; odour legislation ; air quality ; air pollution ; odor ; smell ; odour units ; agriculture ; environmental regulations ; policy ; VOC ; GC-QTOF-MS ; GC-IMS ; wastewater treatment plant ; air dispersion model ; dose–response relationship ; odor impact criterion (OIC) ; perception-related odor exposure ; wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) ; Odors ; Odor Patrol ; Odor Profile Method ; monitoring Odors ; field inspection ; odour impact ; odour modelling ; olfactometry ; proficiency test ; bench loop ; n-butanol ; sampling uncertainties ; odorants ; SOAV ; OTV ; livestock ; odour dispersion modelling ; climate change ; stability classification ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: This is a reprint of the MDPI IJERPH Special Issue entitled "COVID-19 and Environment: Impacts of a Global Pandemic". The reprint consists of 17 papers with different topics related to the COVID-19 pandemic and environmental impacts using data from different countries all over the globe.
    Keywords: risk perception ; China as an international tourism destination ; anticipated emotions ; destination attachment ; post-pandemic ; COVID-19 ; customer behavior ; psychological process ; live-streaming shopping apps ; stimulus-organism-response framework ; Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 ; Flow Theory ; gender ; age ; SARS-CoV-2 ; environmental contamination ; air samples ; surface samples ; bottom trawling ; COVID-19 pandemic lockdown ; environmental impacts ; macrobenthic fauna ; tidal channels ; central Mediterranean Sea ; ethnopharmacology ; skin diseases ; cosmetics ; Lithuania ; global environment ; solid waste ; air quality ; transport ; airborne ; CO2 ; collective transport ; tramway ; filtration ; infectious diseases ; epidemiology ; public health ; elementary teacher ; junior high school teacher ; psychological change ; physical changes ; urban mobility ; parking demand ; IoT parking sensors ; explanatory data analysis ; parking policies ; vaccinations ; pharmacist ; KAP ; infection control ; burnout ; COVID-19 pandemic ; postnatal care ; psychological distress ; psychosocial support ; health-seeking behavior ; appendicitis ; surgical care ; metrology ; data analysis ; atmospheric environment ; pollution ; coronavirus ; comorbidity ; spatial analysis ; logistic regression ; ROC curve ; freight transport ; air freight ; sea shipping ; road transport ; recovery measures ; strategies ; public trust ; perceived societal fairness ; mental health ; air pollution ; PM2.5 concentration ; gym sports ; spatial econometric model ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine::MBNS Epidemiology & medical statistics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The book “Community and Family-Focused Public Health and Sustainable Development” was originally published in the renowned International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. This Special Issue encompassed novel aspects of applications that are connected with sustainability issues in community and family-focused public health studies. Contributions have a significant impact on solving public health problems at the family and community levels. The Special Issue originally published scientific papers, including review articles, that fell under this Special Issue’s remit and that were relevant to audiences worldwide. Currently, the term “family health” is most commonly to describe mother and child health and reproductive health. It is rare for family health to include the family as an important context for health development and that includes all family members and the family’s social environment. Authors of scientific research covering issues related to the impact of the family and the environment in which the family lives and functions on its members’ health in the present and in the future were encouraged to contribute their work. In addition, we were especially interested in scientific reports on social, economic, and health inequalities in the context of achieving the sustainable development goals.
    Keywords: family ; living with children ; parenthood ; mother ; father ; self-rated health ; health behavior ; mental health ; Germany ; gut microbiome ; antimicrobial activity ; pathogen overgrowth ; smoking ; tobacco smoke ; exposure to tobacco smoke ; ETS ; anti-tobacco law ; hospitality venues ; quality of life ; the elderly ; seniors ; health ; cardiovascular diseases ; physical and psychological well-being ; health behaviors ; pregnancy ; rural area ; urban area ; CHEK2 ; MEN ; Cushing syndrome ; hypertension ; multiple endocrine glands tumors ; cervix uteri ; epidemiology ; screening ; mortality ; time trends ; east-central Europe ; depression ; bone markers ; osteocalcin ; β-CTX ; vitamin D ; metabolomics ; metabolites ; amino acids ; biomarkers ; asthma ; diagnosis ; children ; community health services ; postmodern education theories ; factor analysis ; genetic testing ; umbilical cord blood banking ; women health ; air pollution ; PM2.5 ; pregnancy outcomes ; sustainable development ; spatio-temporal data ; NUTS-1 ; kernel discriminant coordinates method ; super macroregions ; proteomics ; mass spectrometry ; MALDI-MSI ; tissue imaging ; ovarian tumors ; gestational diabetes mellitus ; diabetes ; obesity ; cesarean section ; health policy ; health inequalities ; healthcare access ; spatial distribution of the health situation ; cluster analysis ; functional discriminant coordinates ; multivariate functional coefficient of variation ; adenomyosis ; infertility ; GnRH ; in vitro fertilisation ; type 1 diabetes ; proteomic profile ; C4 complement ; PURE study ; noncommunicable diseases ; urban ; rural ; FRAP ; TBARS ; anaerobic threshold ; peakVO2 ; lifestyle ; training ; exercises ; intergenerational relations ; academic youth ; standardized questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF ; alcohol ; cohort study ; PURE ; pro-health behaviours ; anti-health behaviour ; prevention ; patient ; 50+ population ; chronic diseases ; special motor fitness ; speed ; flexibility ; endurance ; physical activity ; health training ; women ; WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire ; Bangladesh ; gender violence ; multidimensional poverty ; poverty reduction ; women’s empowerment ; color vision ; anomaloscope ; Moreland ; Rayleigh ; Hashimoto’s disease ; oxidative stress ; zinc ; copper ; child health ; child nutrition ; dairy ; food security ; food systems ; nutrition ; sustainability ; sustainable food systems ; working population ; Poland ; Ukraine ; spinal cord injury ; hematological parameters ; peak oxygen uptake ; sleep duration ; bedtime ; access to health care ; health care services ; hospital emergency departments ; spatial analysis ; public health management ; testosterone ; cortisol ; creatinine ; overtraining ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Ambient air quality in the present-day Czech Republic (CR), one of the two succession countries of Czechoslovakia post-1993, was perceived as a major problem with severe human health and environmental consequences, particularly between the 1970s and 1990s. Since that time, the ambient air quality in the CR has improved substantially, due to newly introduced stringent legislation and technical countermeasures. Nevertheless, there are still activities which represent significant emission sources, such as local heating and increased vehicle travel through communities. After a substantial decrease in emissions in both the CR and its neighbouring countries, the levels of some ambient air pollutants from the 2000s are still not satisfactory. In this respect, aerosol, ground-level ozone, and benzo[a]pyrene remain major problems, as they do elsewhere in Europe. The book provides a valuable update both on time trends and spatial changes in ambient air quality, and highlights the recent activities in both monitoring and modelling of principle ambient air pollutants in the CR.
    Keywords: air pollution ; air quality ; 1950–2018 ; Czechoslovakia ; emissions ; aerosol ; ground-level ozone ; atmospheric deposition ; health outcomes ; environmental issues ; particles ; traffic ; dispersion ; PM10 ; pollution ; F-gases ; greenhouse gases ; global warming potential ; substitutes for ozone depleting substances ; Czech Republic ; microsensors ; particle counter ; gas analyzers ; relative humidity ; mixing layer height ; ceilometer ; suspended particulate matter ; Czech-Polish border ; urban parks ; particulate matter ; nitrogen oxides ; ozone ; PM pollution ; seasonality ; meteorological conditions ; source apportionment ; PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) ; PM2.5 ; long-term trends ; background scale ; locomotives ; non-road engines ; rail ; diesel-electric ; real-world emissions ; portable on-board emissions monitoring systems ; NOx ; real driving emissions ; urban canopy ; weather prediction ; validation ; PM1 aerosol ; elements ; water-soluble ions ; factor analysis ; benzo(a)pyrene ; ambient air concentrations ; spatial-temporal ; population exposure ; transboundary transport ; meteorological factors ; monitoring stations ; Passing–Bablok test ; regression analysis ; statistical modeling ; analysis of variance ; tower ; high-volume sampler ; wind-direction-dependent sampling ; neutron activation analysis ; elemental composition ; cross-border pollution transport ; AIR BORDER ; Czech-Polish borderlands ; Interreg ; NO2 ; passive sampler ; Dieselgate ; Prague ; traffic volume ; citizen science ; public policy ; health effects ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQK Pollution control
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: In this book, the articles published in the special issue of the journal Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050), entitled “Sustainable Integrated Clean Environment for Human & Nature” are re-printed. The objective of this book is to answer the following questions regarding technical, economic, and social approaches:1. What is the current state of the environment? Is it clean?2. How can we make our environment clean and suitable for humans as well as nature?3. How can we keep our environment clean through sustainable practices? The re-printed research articles and review papers aim to cover the subjects mentioned below: 1. COVID-19 and the sustainability of a clean environment for humans and nature: visions, challenges, and solutions2. Clean technologies and nature-based approaches, including environmental remediation and resource circulation3. Global sanitation, hygiene, and public health issues4. Economic approaches, including the development of economic models, life cycle assessment, and the circular economy5. Social awareness and effective education on human rights for procuring clean air and water Through including the latest studies in the above-mentioned fields, this book addresses the technicians, economists, social activists, and decision-makers who are concerned about clean environment concepts for sustainable development of the current and next-generation through respectful interactions between humans and nature.
    Keywords: resource-oriented sanitation ; sanitation sustainability index ; SDG6 ; sustainability assessment ; sustainable development goals ; sustainable sanitation ; urban geomorphology ; sustainable environment ; suitability model-GIS ; environmental analytical hierarchical process (EAHP) ; Failaka Island ; disinfection ; COVID-19 ; sterility assurance level ; medical masks ; inactivation ; UV irradiation ; climate indicators ; air quality ; environment ; pandemic ; coronavirus ; sustainability ; industry 4.0 ; sustainable investment ; corporate social responsibility ; sustainable standards ; sustainable reporting ; smart manufacturing ; renewable energy ; cleaner production ; cattle farming ; COVID-19 pandemic ; economic point of view ; food safety ; HOMER ; hybrid system ; smallholder ; thin-film coating ; Basic Brown 16 ; adsorption ; durian shell ; mechanism ; techno-economic analysis ; secondhand smoke ; time activity ; smoke-free ; exposure assessment ; lockdown ; social distancing ; mobility ; SEM ; sustainable development strategies ; community development plans ; small island developing states ; governance ; sanitation ; water supply ; hygiene ; WASH ; census results ; top-down versus bottom-up ; gender and age ; university education ; academic policy ; educational system ; educational sustainability ; artificial intelligence and higher education ; air pollution ; wind energy ; coronavirus disease ; SARS-CoV-2 ; sustainable development ; sustainable technologies ; subsidy ; automotive industry ; prognosis ; environmental impact ; life-cycle analysis ; PM2.5 ; biomass burning ; long-range transport of PM2.5 ; source of PM2.5 ; immobilization ; mixed culture ; Metanil Yellow ; response surface methodology ; bioremediation ; dye decolorization ; metanil yellow ; ecological corridors ; cultural corridors ; protection prioritization ; MCR model ; integrated network ; capitalization ; capital return rate deficiency ; expected value ; carbon storage ; estate fertility ; carbon rent ; blue infrastructure ; spatial planning ; urban planning ; ecosystem services ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Today, more stringent regulations on SOx emissions and growing environmental concerns have led to considerable attention on sulfur recovery from hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Hydrogen sulfide is commonly found in raw natural gas and biogas, even if a great amount is obtained through sweetening of sour natural gas and hydrodesulphurization of light hydrocarbons. It is highly toxic, extremely corrosive and flammable, and for these reasons, its elimination is necessary prior to emission in atmosphere. There are different technologies for the removal of H2S, the drawbacks of which are the high costs and limited H2S conversion efficiency. The main focus of this Special Issue will be on catalytic oxidation processes, but the issue is devoted to the development of catalysts able to maximize H2S conversion to sulfur minimizing SO2 formation, pursuing the goal of “zero SO2 emission”.This Special Issue is particularly devoted to the preparation of novel powdered/structured supported catalysts and their physical–chemical characterization, the study of the aspects concerning stability and reusability, as well as the phenomena that could underlie the deactivation of the catalyst.This Special Issue comprises seven articles, one communication, and one review regarding the desulfurization of sour gases and fuel oil, as well as the synthesis of novel adsorbents and catalysts for H2S abatement. In the following, a brief description of the papers included in this issue is provided to serve as an outline to encourage further reading.
    Keywords: hydrogen sulfide ; biocoal ; livestock manure ; agricultural safety ; fertilizer ; waste management ; air pollution ; odor ; kinetics ; Gompertz model ; phosphine ; manganese slag ; metal ions ; reaction mechanism ; mesoporous N-doped carbon coating ; silicon carbide composites ; gas-tail desulfurization treatment ; BTX contaminants ; elemental sulfur ; chicken eggshell ; waste valorization ; adsorption ; biogas ; flue gas ; polyoxometalate ; dicationic ionic liquids ; extraction ; oxidative desulfurization ; dibenzothiophene ; adsorbent ; purification ; H2S removal ; response surface methodology (RSM) ; H2S selective partial oxidation ; sulfur ; sulfur dioxide ; vanadium-based catalysts ; hydrochar ; mixed metal oxides ; H2S conversion ; n/a ; gas purification ; direct catalytic oxidation ; fluidized catalyst bed ; hydrogen sulfide removal facilities ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology::TQK Pollution control
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: This book brings together the results of field, experimental, and modeling studies related to road dust and its various size fractions as a key issue in understanding the relationships between several urban and industrial environments, and in the identification of pollution sources. The book is intended for professionals, researchers, and academicians who want to learn about new research findings regarding the chemical composition of road dust and its source, assessments of road dust and aerosol pollution levels (including express technique), environmental hazards and public health risks, the distribution of stable and radioactive isotopes in road dust, the determination of factors affecting the level of dust accumulation on roads and the intensity of its pollution, and the effect of road dust on the atmosphere and other environments. The book also provides data on some of the current challenges in studying road dust, including various aspects of the formation, transport pathways, and accumulation of road dust in urban, industrial and other areas.
    Keywords: urban sediment ; urban landscape ; sediment transport ; municipal service ; earthworks ; environmental management ; potentially toxic metal ; road dust ; industrial area ; pollution assessment ; ecological risk ; heavy metals ; Mexico City ; urban pollution ; urban form ; color indices ; redness ; hue ; saturation ; lead ; pollution ; gross alpha activity ; gross beta activity urban environment ; sediment ; size fraction ; urban environment ; residential area ; urban surface deposited sediments ; technogenic particles ; slag ; spherules ; microplastic ; plaster ; urban dust ; metal concentration ; multi-stable isotopes (13C, 207/206Pb) ; contamination assessment ; source identification ; particulate matter ; source apportionment analysis ; health risk assessment ; Huludao ; PM10 ; dust resuspension ; sediment load ; non-exhaust emissions ; chemical profile ; enrichment factors ; Colombia ; geo-accumulation index ; inhalation ; resuspension ; cancer ; fugitive dust ; unpaved roads ; emission factors ; paved roads ; emission rates ; metals ; street dust ; enrichment factor ; Vietnam ; ultrafine particles ; UFP ; aerosolization ; incidental nanoparticles ; air pollution ; dry sieving ; human health risk ; exposure ; optical analysis ; Western Siberia ; potentially toxic elements ; traffic-related contamination ; road dust and road pavement ; particle size distribution ; source apportionment ; environmental interactions ; toxic elements and compounds ; nanoparticles and microplastic ; spatial variation and modeling ; health and ecological risks ; mitigation strategies ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology::TQK Pollution control
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: This book focuses on aspects related to new perspectives and challenges in traffic and transportation engineering supporting energy saving in smart cities. Transportation, like other spheres of human activity, is constantly changing due to economic development. People are constantly improving the ways of moving using various energy sources, expanding infrastructures, and adapting cities to increasing traffic volumes. Many of the contents presented in this book are characterized by a multidisciplinary approach to a global problem. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following: road traffic measurements; data analysis; road traffic (micro-, meso-, macro-) modeling; simulation models; road and intersection capacity; optimization, route choice; human factor in road traffic and transportation engineering; road safety; pedestrian and bicycle traffic and infrastructure; public transportation solutions; parking issues; contemporary problems of road traffic engineering and sustainable transportation; intelligent transportation systems (ITS); traffic control and management; smart grid services; electric mobility; environmental impacts of transportation systems; life cycle analysis (LCA) of alternative energy vectors for road vehicles; transportation systems and process modeling; sustainable transportation development; life cycle impact; fuel consumption; and emissions.
    Keywords: traffic calming ; transition zone ; chicane ; speed restriction ; speed reduction ; solar cells ; electromobility ; emission costs ; electric vehicles ; zero-emission buses ; air pollution ; public transport ; sustainable transport ; transport management ; renewable energy sources ; signal-controlled intersections ; back-of-queue model ; traffic monitoring ; video analysis ; drivers behaviours ; traffic engineering ; road transport ; variable message signs ; driver’s behavior ; traffic diverting ; traffic modelling ; volume–delay functions ; traffic assignment ; cargo bicycles ; last-mile logistics ; MTSP ; CVRP ; travel behaviour ; service disruption ; real-time information ; RTI ; calming of traffic ; Tempo-30 zone ; traffic calming measures ; choker ; speed tables ; raised pedestrian crossing ; sustainable urban mobility planning ; macroscopic transport model ; bicycle traffic model ; modal shift ; modal split ; environmental impact ; cargo bikes ; transport modelling ; investment ; impact ; sustainability ; energy savings ; urban-port road system ; shared mobility ; cost ; ridesharing ; allocation ; traffic calming measure ; radar speed camera ; urban area ; road safety ; rural roads ; pedestrian ; crosswalk ; horizontal deflection ; central island ; surrounding landscape ; landscaping ; roundabout ; vehicle-specific power ; pollutant emission ; microsimulation ; road infrastructure ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: The Special Issue “Atmospheric Heavy Metal and Nitrogen Deposition Using Mosses as Biomonitors” includes a collection of papers related on aspects of passive moss biomonitoring of air quality in various regions of the world regarding the pollution sources of potentially toxic elements, heavy metal air pollution in the lockdown period due to the COVID-19 pandemic, trends in element atmospheric deposition, and relevance for ecological integrity and human health. Most of the studies were carried out in the framework of the International Cooperative Program on Effects of Air Pollution on Natural Vegetation and Crops (ICP Vegetation) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE).
    Keywords: air pollution ; moss ; potentially toxic metals ; Macedonia ; biomonitoring ; COVID-19 ; metals ; industry ; moss survey ; bryophytes ; atmospheric deposition ; heavy metals ; neutron activation analysis ; biomonitors ; PTE ; temporal change ; atmospheric pollution ; deposition ; heavy metal ; bioaccumulation ; critical loads ; deposition forests ; chemical transport modelling ; geographic information system ; mapping ; moss biomonitoring ; trace elements ; atomic absorption spectrometry ; multivariate statistics ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology::TQK Pollution control
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: The book “Integrated human exposure to air pollution” aimed to increase knowledge about human exposure in different micro-environments, or when citizens are performing specific tasks, to demonstrate methodologies for the understanding of pollution sources and their impact on indoor and ambient air quality, and, ultimately, to identify the most effective mitigation measures to decrease human exposure and protect public health. Taking advantage of the latest available tools, such as internet of things (IoT), low-cost sensors and a wide access to online platforms and apps by the citizens, new methodologies and approaches can be implemented to understand which factors can influence human exposure to air pollution. This knowledge, when made available to the citizens, along with the awareness of the impact of air pollution on human life and earth systems, can empower them to act, individually or collectively, to promote behavioral changes aiming to reduce pollutants’ emissions. Overall, this book gathers fourteen innovative studies that provide new insights regarding these important topics within the scope of human exposure to air pollution. A total of five main areas were discussed and explored within this book and, hopefully, can contribute to the advance of knowledge in this field.
    Keywords: Personal Air Pollution Exposure (PAPE) ; air pollution monitoring ; IoT ; Air Quality Decision Support System ; health impact ; air pollution ; public concern ; air quality index ; Baidu index ; Shanghai ; air quality ; crowd-sensing ; crowd-sourced sensing ; environmental analysis ; pollution ; particulate matter ; dust sensor ; human exposure ; Arduino ; wireless networks ; oxides ; traffic ; state space ; milan ; area b ; cross validation ; policy intervention analysis ; counter-factual ; unobservable components ; PM2.5 ; population exposure ; tier-models ; health burden misclassification ; BenMap-CE ; tuberculosis ; infectious disease ; time-series ; Poisson regression ; kriging ; road dust ; PM10 emission factors ; enrichment index ; human health risk ; atmospheric aerosols ; bioaerosols ; culturable bacteria ; long-term trends ; hazard for human ; indoor air quality ; e-cigarettes ; heat-not-burn tobacco ; traditional smoking products ; tobacco smoke ; passenger cars ; lung inflammation ; allergy ; indoor pollutants ; biomarkers ; FeNO ; eosinophil ; neutrophil ; fine particulate matter ; economic growth ; urbanization ; industrialization ; Granger causality test ; air pollutants ; monitoring ; seasonality ; chemical characterization ; source apportionment ; particulate matters (PM) ; air purifier ; experiment ; real-time monitoring unit ; transfer unit ; occupant ; breathing zone ; cooking fuel ; household air pollution ; preterm births ; perinatal mortality ; low birth weight ; stillbirth ; Nigeria ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: This book includes 15 articles published in the Special Issue "Theoretical Computer Science and Discrete Mathematics" of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This Special Issue is devoted to original and significant contributions to theoretical computer science and discrete mathematics. The aim was to bring together research papers linking different areas of discrete mathematics and theoretical computer science, as well as applications of discrete mathematics to other areas of science and technology. The Special Issue covers topics in discrete mathematics including (but not limited to) graph theory, cryptography, numerical semigroups, discrete optimization, algorithms, and complexity.
    Keywords: fuzzy set ; n-Pythagorean ; n-PFS algebra ; triangular norms ; outer-independent Roman domination ; Roman domination ; vertex cover ; rooted product graph ; total domination ; domination ; secure domination ; secure Italian domination ; weak roman domination ; w-domination ; cryptanalysis ; group key establishment ; topology optimization ; optimization ; filtering ; method ; penalization ; weight factor ; FEM ; MATLAB ; SIMP ; estimated prime factor ; integer factorisation problem ; continued fraction ; Fermat’s Factoring Algorithm ; genetic algorithm ; AES(t) ; heuristics ; microaggregation ; statistical disclosure control ; graph theory ; traveling salesman problem ; data privacy ; location privacy ; differentials in graphs ; strong differential ; quasi-total strong differential ; quasi-total Italian domination number ; numerical semigroup ; forest ; ordinarization transform ; quasi-ordinarization transform ; load redistribution ; leveling power consumption per phase ; three-phase asymmetric distribution networks ; ideal power consumption ; mixed-integer convex optimization ; strongly total Roman domination ; total Roman domination ; lexicographic product graph ; improved crow search algorithm ; normal Gaussian distribution ; phase swapping problem ; power losses ; asymmetric distribution grids ; vortex search algorithm ; nonidentical parallel production lines ; axle housing machining ; mixed model production ; eligibility constraint ; fuzzy due date ; grey wolf optimizer ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The pandemic period has caused severe socio-economic damage, but it is accompanied by environmental deterioration that can also affect economic opportunities and social equity. In the face of this double risk, future generations are ready to be resilient and make their contribution not only on the consumption side, but also through their inclusion in all companies by bringing green and circular principles with them. Policy makers can also favor this choice.
    Keywords: mobility choice ; COVID-19 ; best–worst method ; multi-criteria decision making ; air pollution ; air quality ; health effects ; economic burden ; food system ; circular economy ; sustainability ; EU ; Twitter ; COVID-19 pandemic ; local community ; perception analysis ; econometric modeling ; data science ; reflexive governance ; climate change ; infrastructure ; urban resilience ; social sustainability ; economic sustainability ; environmental sustainability ; China ; business ; innovation ecosystem ; innovation strategy ; electric vehicle ; dominant design ; crisis ; pandemic ; higher education ; digitalization ; distance learning ; Covid-19 outbreak ; resilience ; n/a ; strategic resilience ; multi-domain resilience ; strategic agility ; change ; sustainability strategy ; financialization ; TFP ; innovation ; resilience of city ; infectious disease ; urban planning ; supply chain resilience ; IT disruptions ; efficiency measurement ; warehouse logistics ; DEA ; resilient supply chains ; external capital ; customer–supplier relationship ; circular network ; cyber-security ; e-commerce ; Europe ; supply chain collaboration ; small- and medium-sized enterprises ; grey DEMATEL ; fuzzy best-worst method ; agrivoltaic system ; solar photovoltaics ; agronomic management ; crop production ; Food-Energy-Water nexus ; sustainable integration ; women’s leadership ; America Latina ; small and medium-sized enterprises ; renewable energy ; sustainable electricity production ; socio-economic sustainability ; sustainable development goals ; emission level ; levelized cost ; gross domestic product ; pig farmers ; adoption willingness of IoT traceability technology ; Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology ; Latent Moderate Structural Equations ; biomethane ; natural gas grid ; bioenergy ; biogas ; gas supply decarbonization ; incentives ; competences ; digitization ; digital transformation ; Asia Pacific ; CO2 emission ; demand shock ; hypothetical extraction method ; input–output model ; sectoral linkage ; emerging cities ; sustainable operations ; case studies ; the Asian region ; resilience decisions ; cybersecurity ; consumers’ awareness ; methodology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book focuses on the progress in modern energy processes, systems and equipment. Since the beginning of humankind, energy has been the most important need for each human and living being. Thus, the development of different ways of energy conversion that can be applied to cover growing energy needs has become a crucial challenge for scientists and engineers around the world, making the power industry, in which operation is based on subsequent energy conversion processes, one of the most important fields of the local, national, and global economy today. Progress in precise description, modeling, and optimization of physical phenomena related to the energy conversion processes bounded to large and dispersed power systems is a key research and development field of the economy.
    Keywords: fuel burners ; asphalt roofing ; heating equipment ; biogas treatment ; volatile methylsiloxanes ; siloxane concentrations ; adsorbents ; regeneration ; biogas ; deep eutectic solvents ; upgrading ; absorption ; COSMO-RS ; economic analysis ; air pollution ; PM2.5 dust ; ORC ; working fluid ; selection method ; volumetric expander ; thermodynamic analysis ; lignite mine ; PM2.5 ; PM10 ; WRF-CALMET/CALPUFF ; health risk ; grill ; barbecue ; stove ; boiler ; charcoal briquettes ; liquid propane ; particulate matter ; gaseous air pollutants ; energy performance gap ; user behavior ; energy poverty ; pre-war tenement building ; Trilateral Flash Cycle ; T-s diagram ; adiabatic expansion ; retrofit ; CO2 power cycle ; low-temperature phase change material ; paraffin wax ; thermal energy storage ; numerical modelling ; scanning electron microscope ; microturbine ; stirling engine ; fuel cell ; expander ; vane ; lobe ; screw ; piston ; Wankel ; gerotor ; microcogeneration ; CHP ; hydrofluoroolefins ; hydrofluorocarbons ; refrigerants ; low GWP ; energy conversion ; fuels ; energy storage ; ecological and legal aspects ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Micro- and nanomanufacturing technologies have been researched and developed in the industrial environment with the goal of supporting product miniaturization and the integration of new functionalities. The technological development of new materials and processing methods needs to be supported by predictive models which can simulate the interactions between materials, process states, and product properties. In comparison with the conventional manufacturing scale, micro- and nanoscale technologies require the study of different mechanical, thermal, and fluid dynamics, phenomena which need to be assessed and modeled.This Special Issue is dedicated to advances in the modeling of micro- and nanomanufacturing processes. The development of new models, validation of state-of-the-art modeling strategies, and approaches to material model calibration are presented. The goal is to provide state-of-the-art examples of the use of modeling and simulation in micro- and nanomanufacturing processes, promoting the diffusion and development of these technologies.
    Keywords: modular microfluidic system ; 3D printing ; gel microspheres ; laser-induced periodical surface structures ; micro-injection molding ; replication ; surface wettability ; micro-groove ; electrochemical machining ; porous cathode ; conductive mask ; machining localization ; dimensional uniformity ; nanogrinding ; abrasive grains ; rake angle ; spacing ; grinding forces ; grinding temperature ; chip formation ; subsurface damage ; micro injection molding ; additive manufacturing ; stereolithography ; K9 glass ; mathematical model ; grinding force ; brittle fracture ; ductile–brittle transition ; active grains number ; lithography simulation ; microelectromechanical system ; waveguide method ; microstructure ; radial ultrasonic rolling electrochemical micromachining (RUR-EMM) ; material removal amount ; surface roughness ; response surface methodology (RSM) ; turning ; minimum chip thickness ; micromachining ; femtosecond micromachining ; burst processing ; intraocular lens ; hydrophilic acrylic ; polishing ; laser assisted turning ; tungsten carbide ; diamond turning ; finite element analysis ; prostheses ; ITAP ; micro topology ; ANSYS ; MATLAB ; additive manufacture ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: The practice of regular physical activity has been proposed as a determinant in many disciplines, from wellness to physiotherapy; in fact, it reduces the risks of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Moreover, physical exercise decreases the incidence of some types of cancer, such as breast and colon cancer. Finally, rehabilitation protocols need correct exercise training to reach the complete “return to play” of patients. Unfortunately, the mechanisms associated with the beneficial effects of physical activity are still under study. Therefore, advances in all aspects of sport and exercise medicine will be relevant for physicians, recreational sport practitioners and elite athletes. This was the aim of this Special Issue, “New trends in sport and exercise medicine”, which achieved great success. Sixteen papers have been published, which are briefly described below. They range from mobile applications in physiotherapy to changes in bioactive lipids in half-marathoners. However, sport and exercise medicine are broad subjects and require more papers to clarify their different aspects. Therefore, we proposed a new Special Issue to continue on this path and gain new insights into sport and exercise medicine.
    Keywords: rehabilitation ; compliance ; anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) ; range of motion (ROM) ; self-efficacy ; behavioral design ; gamification ; microparticles ; microvesicles ; extracellular vesicles ; molecular markers ; cell–cell communication ; physical exercise ; physical activity ; angiogenesis ; secretome ; paracrine signaling ; cellular crosstalk ; ginseng ; performance ; recovery ; eccentric exercise ; inflammation ; allometry ; standing broad jump ; children ; growth ; maturity offset ; bench pull ; vertical jump ; power ; talent detection ; training ; insertional Achilles tendinopathy ; Achilles tendon moment arm ; suture bridge method ; cool-down strategy ; heart rate ; fatigue perception ; muscle strain ; quadriceps ; football ; invasive physiotherapy ; post-injury performance ; reinjury ; return to play ; autonomic nervous system ; cardiac autonomic regulation ; cardiorespiratory fitness ; daily training ; endurance ; secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (Sparc) ; exercise ; muscle performance ; metabolic phenotype ; lactate ; ageing ; high-impact weight-bearing exercise ; bone mineral density ; bone metabolic markers ; serum 25-(OH) D ; middle-aged premenopausal women ; ROS ; signal transduction ; aging ; air pollution ; lungs ; skeletal muscle mass ; muscular strength ; anaerobic power ; arterial stiffness ; cholinesterases ; heart rate variability ; autonomic recovery mechanisms ; sympathetic–parasympathetic modulation ; postexercise recovery ; ceramides ; cytokines ; diacylglycerol ; biomarkers ; n/a
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Although air pollution is usually linked with human activities, natural processes may also lead to major concentrations of hazardous substances in the low atmosphere. Pollutant levels may be reduced when emissions can be controlled. However, the impact of meteorological variables on the concentrations measured may be noticeable, and these variables cannot be controlled. This book is devoted to the influence of meteorological processes on the pollutant concentrations recorded in the low atmosphere. Measurements, cycles, statistical procedures, as well as specific variables such as the synoptic pattern, temperature inversion, or the calculation of back-trajectories, are considered in the studies included in this book to highlight the relationship between air pollution and meteorological variables. In addition, the state of the art of this subject following meteorological scales, from micro to macro-scale, is presented. Consequently, this book focuses on applied science and seeks to further current knowledge of what contribution meteorological processes make to the concentrations measured in order to achieve greater control over air pollution.
    Keywords: air pollution ; synoptic situation pattern ; meteorological variables ; threshold values ; air quality forecast ; modelling ; pollution episodes ; national holiday ; COVID-19 ; particulate matter ; natural ventilation ; indoor air quality ; regional variation ; nitrogen dioxide ; in situ urban concentrations ; meteorological measurements ; NO2 variation ; partial correlation ; gross alpha activity ; northern Iberian Peninsula ; radon ; airflow patterns ; surface winds ; atmospheric boundary layer ; weather types ; Gaussian plume model ; low-level jet ; recirculation ; microscale ; macroscale ; mesoscale ; source apportionment ; cluster analysis ; health risks ; residential wood burning ; sustainable urban development ; urban haze ; temperature inversion ; Obukhov length ; HYSPLIT ; biomass burning ; cold surge, emission ; BaP ; HPLC ; carcinogenic ; diagnostic ratio ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book entitled “Toxicology and Biocompatibility of Nanomaterials” covers some recent insights into adverse but beneficial effects of nanomaterials on human health and the environment. Renowned experts in the field contributed to this Special Issue to make this an interesting read for both scholars and students.
    Keywords: synthetic amorphous silica ; nanoparticles ; colon cells ; in vitro toxicity ; cell death ; biocompatibility ; circulating tumor cells ; metastasis ; microbubbles ; nanomedicine ; nanotechnology ; nanotoxicology ; European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) ; ecotoxicology ; aggregation ; Raphidocelis subcapitata ; air pollution ; Alzheimer’s disease ; amyloid ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; COVID-19 ; dementia ; neurotoxicology ; particulate matter ; serotonin ; tire wear ; silica ; SiO2 ; nanoparticle ; E551 ; toxicity ; genotoxicity ; macrophage ; intestine ; co-exposure ; nanosafety ; cytotoxicity ; inter-laboratory comparison ; best practice ; training ; nanomaterials ; titanium dioxide ; NALP3 ; interleukin-1beta ; NR8383 ; bone marrow derived macrophages ; zinc oxide nanoparticles ; diabetes ; hyperglycemic response ; zinc ; nanoparticle toxicology ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Many researchers around the world have demonstrated that the expression of miRNAs is dysregulated in different tumors. Such dysregulation is caused by multiple mechanisms, and exposure to different carcinogens causes dysregulated epigenetic changes and defects in the miRNA biogenesis machinery. Cancer cells with abnormal miRNA expression evolve the capability to sustain proliferative signaling, evade growth suppressors, resist cell death, activate invasion and metastasis, and induce angiogenesis. Genome-wide profiling demonstrates that miRNA expression signatures are associated with tumor type, tumor grade and clinical outcomes, so miRNAs could be potential candidates for diagnostic biomarkers, prognostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets and preventive screening programs. Although miRNAs have multiple targets, their function in tumorigenesis is due to their regulation of a few specific targets. After the first detection of altered miRNA in leukemia, microRNAs have been demonstrated to be constantly altered in all cancer. More recently, microRNA has been shown to be altered by exposure to environmental carcinogens, thus driving the whole process of carcinogenesis. Our aim is to provide a rigorous peer review and publish cutting-edge research on the role of microRNA in cancer prevention therapy to educate and inspire the scientific community worldwide.
    Keywords: breast cancer ; miRNAs ; liquid biopsy ; angiogenesis ; biomarkers ; early diagnosis ; air pollution ; biomarker ; exposure ; human ; lung cancer ; miRNA ; carcinogenesis ; microRNA ; asbestos exposure ; oral squamous cell carcinoma ; diagnosis ; prognosis ; saliva ; neuroblastoma ; MYCN amplification ; metastases ; chemoresistance ; public health genomics ; genetic polymorphisms ; epigenetic modulations ; genetic and microbiome markers ; health technology assessment ; early disease prevention ; nonsmokers lung cancer ; environmental risk factors ; oncogenes ; mutations ; glioblastoma ; microRNAs ; cancer ; qPCR ; cancer stem cells ; plasticizers ; in vitro study ; PRISMA ; no-smokers lung cancer ; DNA adducts ; mesothelioma ; extracellular vesicles ; miR-625 ; fluoro-edenite ; asbestos ; malignant mesothelioma ; cancer prevention ; microbiota ; epigenetics ; environmental pollutants ; cutaneous tissues ; ozone exposure ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Data science is an emerging multidisciplinary field which lies at the intersection of computer science, statistics, and mathematics, with different applications and related to data mining, deep learning, and big data. This Special Issue on “Principles and Applications of Data Science” focuses on the latest developments in the theories, techniques, and applications of data science. The topics include data cleansing, data mining, machine learning, deep learning, and the applications of medical and healthcare, as well as social media.
    Keywords: deep learning ; user preference learning ; feature fusion ; similar user recommendation ; convolutional neural network ; image classification ; electronic health records ; fair exchange ; forward secrecy ; raw material ; mining ; terminology ; dictionary ; terminology application ; mobile application ; digitization ; lexical data ; corpus data ; linguistic linked open data ; neuro-fuzzy ; prediction model ; air pollution ; PM2.5 ; PM10 ; self-attention mechanism ; graph neural network ; data mining ; behaviour sequence pattern ; behaviour network ; water crystal ; fine-tuning ; supervised ; classification ; combined classification model ; deep transfer learning ; focal-segmental ; kidney disease ; kidney glomeruli ; medical image ; sclerosed glomeruli ; predictive analytics ; Internet of Things ; peasant farming ; smart farming system ; crop production prediction ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has evolved as a global pandemic and the disease has affected nearly every country and region. This pandemic has posed further threats to people due to the emergence of the number of novel SARS-CoV-2 strains with unknown original hosts. Since the start of the pandemic, COVID-19 has overwhelmed health systems worldwide, from crippling health resources to causing paradigms shifts in health care delivery. The various strategies taken to control viral transmission including testing process, quarantine and isolation have had dire psychological and financial implications on individuals and institutions. Furthermore, many countries have implemented lockdowns and other restrictions to curb the virus’s spread resulted in disrupted formal education, unplanned fiscal costs on emergency reliefs, and decreased productivity. This Special Issue provides an avenue for authors from various disciplines to better understand the risk factors associated with the spread and severity of COVID-19 infections. It also provides information about the influence of COVID-19 and its countermeasures on local economies, the environment, and mental health. This Special Issue contains 11 research articles and one review.
    Keywords: coronavirus disease ; artificial neural networks ; SARS-CoV-2 ; ventilator ; index development index ; developing country ; Covid-19 ; population density ; Covid-19 mortality ; economic recovery ; population reduction ; China ; Saudi Arabia ; Henry Kissinger ; economic burden ; influenza-like illness ; healthcare-seeking behaviors ; air pollution ; coronavirus disease 2019 ; Greece ; GreenYourAir ; fine particulate matter ; COVID-19 ; dentistry ; pandemic ; dentist ; protective equipment ; economy resilience ; economy resistance ; economy restoration ; photochemical smog ; respiratory disorders ; prevalence ; occupational health ; infection ; trade protectionism ; economy ; energy ; input-output model ; public health crisis ; ESG ; stock price volatility ; avoid risk ; psychological distress ; depression symptoms ; anxiety symptoms ; financial variables ; COVID-19 pandemic ; district-level analysis ; risk factors ; Nepal ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine::MBNS Epidemiology & medical statistics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Both climate change and air pollution have large negative impacts on physiological processes and functions at the individual tree level and on whole forest ecosystems. The objective of climate change and air quality monitoring is to make decisions, based on scientific knowledge, regarding how to best manage and improve the current state of the environment. Our ability to take urgent measures to combat climate change and its impact on forest ecosystems and conserve forest biodiversity depends upon our knowledge of the latest scientific results on the status of forest ecosystems. Unfortunately, there are a lot of gaps in our knowledge of the detection and monitoring of their effects on forest ecosystems. This book presents relevant results from scientific research in the fields of climate change, air pollution, forest conservation, protection and monitoring that can contribute to a better science–policy interaction and to the elaboration of specific strategies, in accordance with the areas of forest sciences from IUFRO RG 8.04.00 - Impacts of air pollution and climate change on forest ecosystems.
    Keywords: silver fir ; radial growth ; wood characteristics ; drought response ; climate change ; current annual increment ; percentage volume increment ; basal area ; tree diameter ; tree form-height ; air pollution ; increment cores ; Norway spruce ; radial growth series ; gas exchange ; ecosystem restoration ; mountain forests ; photosynthesis ; diagnostic assessment ; forest ecosystem ; reference information ; restoration plan ; biodiversity ; forests ; valuing ecosystem services ; policy making ; SWAT ; hydrological model ; sensitivity analysis ; calibration ; validation ; small forested watershed ; temperate forests ; climate change effects ; Southern Carpathian forest management ; forest growth ; forest biomass ; virgin forests ; ecosystem services ; natural capital ; socio-economic system ; ecological indicators ; terrestrial laser scanning ; aerial laser scanning ; LANDIS-II ; PnET ; Southern Carpathians ; production ; species composition ; species abundance ; Romanian temperate forests ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue covers a wide range of areas—including building orientation, service life, use of photocatalytically active structures and PV facades, implications of transportation system, building types (i.e., high rise, multilevel, commercial, residential), life cycle assessment, and structural engineering—that need to be considered in the environmental impact assessment of buildings, and the chapters include case studies across the globe. Consideration of these strategies would help reduce energy and material consumption, environmental emissions, and waste generation associated with all phases of a building’s life cycle. Chapter 1 demonstrates that green star concrete exhibits the same structural properties as conventional concrete in Australia. Chapter 2 showed that the use of TiO2 as a photocatalyst on the surface of construction materials with a suitable stable binding agent, such as aggregates, would enable building walls to absorb NOx from air. This study found that TiO2 has the potential to reduce ambient concentrations of NOx from areas where this pollutant becomes concentrated under solar irradiation. Chapter 3 presents the life cycle assessment of architecturally integrated glass–glass photovoltaics in building facades to find the appropriate material composition for a multicolored PV façade offering improved environmental performance. Chapter 4 shows that urban office buildings lacking appropriate orientation experienced indoor overheating. Chapter 5 details four modeling approaches that were implemented to estimate buildings’ response towards load shedding. Chapter 6 covers the life cycle GHG emissions of high-rise residential housing block to discover opportunities for environmental improvement. Chapter 7 discusses an LCA framework that took into account variation in the service life of buildings associated with the use of different types of materials. Chapter 8 presents a useful data mining algorithm to conduct life cycle asset management in residential developments built on transport systems.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; wash water ; greenhouse gases ; environmental life cycle assessment ; sustainable-development ; transit-policy ; public-engagement ; Multilevel buildings ; building integrated photovoltaic ; slag ; operational energy ; life-cycle social analysis ; building ; travel-satisfaction ; TEASER ; BIPV ; photocatalytic construction materials ; functionalized aggregate ; green star concrete ; work-commute ; shallow plan forms ; life cycle assessment ; recycled aggregate ; environmental remediation ; block of buildings ; rain cladding ; LCA ; sustainability ; peak shaving ; residential building ; indoor overheating ; LCI ; air pollution ; environmental performance ; service life ; nitric oxides ; thermal model ; coloured glass ; demand response ; modal-variability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book is a hard copy of the editorial and all the papers in a Special Issue of the peer-reviewed open access journal ‘Water’ on the theme ‘Managed Aquifer Recharge for Water Resilience’. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is the purposeful recharge of water to aquifers for subsequent recovery or environmental benefit. MAR is increasingly used to make water supplies resilient to drought, climate change and deteriorating water quality, and to protect ecosystems from declining groundwater levels. Global MAR has grown exponentially to 10 cu.km/year and will increase ten-fold within a few decades. Well informed hydrogeologists, engineers and water quality scientists are needed to ensure that this investment is effective in meeting increasingly pressing needs. This compilation contains lessons from many examples of existing projects, including several national and continental summaries. It also addresses the elements essential for identifying and advancing projects such as mapping aquifer suitability and opportunities, policy matters, operational issues, and some innovations in MAR methods and monitoring. This collection exemplifies the state of progress in the science and practice of MAR and is intended to be useful, at least to water managers, water utilities, agricultural water users and urban planners, to facilitate water resilience through new MAR projects.
    Keywords: ASR ; recycled water ; well clogging ; geochemical analysis ; filtration ; biofouling ; risk management ; Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) ; aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) ; strategic storage ; Northern Australia ; Managed Aquifer Recharge ; MAR ; climate change ; water management ; IWRM ; adaptation measures ; indicators ; Spain ; groundwater ; mapping ; Sweden ; decision-support ; riverbank filtration ; pharmaceuticals in groundwater ; removal of pharmaceuticals ; managed aquifer recharge ; web GIS ; web tools ; multi-criteria decision analysis ; suitability mapping ; anthropic forcing ; meteorological forcing ; lake bank filtration ; mixing ratios ; environmental tracer ; time-varying mixing model ; sensitivity analysis ; Ulaanbaatar ; MATLAB ; FEFLOW ; artificial recharging scenarios ; Mexico ; legal ; regulatory ; framework ; LAN (Law of the Nation’s Waters) ; reclaimed water ; arid ; semi-arid ; environment protection ; health protection ; safety ; risk ; ecosystems ; contaminants ; recycling ; drinking water ; regulation ; governance ; SAT ; tillage ; infiltration pond ; infiltration rate ; soil compaction ; types of MAR for irrigation ; Yellow River Irrigation District ; adaptability zoning evaluation ; online flow-cytometry ; enzymatic activity ; ultrafiltration ; ATP ; managed aquifer recharge (MAR) ; induced bank filtration (IBF) ; geographic information science (GISc) ; geographic information systems (GIS) ; drinking water supply ; guidelines ; climate adaptation ; stream temperature ; streamflow ; Henry’s Fork ; fisheries ; Snake River ; Idaho ; water rights ; infiltration basin ; cost function ; suitability map ; GIS-MCDA ; water supply security model ; risk assessment ; decision support ; dynamic ; probabilistic ; integrated water resource management ; organic amendments ; contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) ; pathogens ; new water challenges ; Underground Transfer of Floods for Irrigation ; droughts ; floods ; groundwater depletion ; groundwater recharge ; water quality ; water level monitoring ; recharge performance ; rainwater harvesting ; India ; water security ; urban water management ; semiarid ; Social Technology ; developing countries ; Africa ; water banking ; water crisis ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue contains a series of excellent research works on telecommunications and signal processing, selected from the 2018 41st International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP) which was held on July 4–6, 2018, in Athens, Greece. The conference was organized in cooperation with the IEEE Region 8 (Europe, Middle East, and Africa), IEEE Greece Section, IEEE Czechoslovakia Section, and IEEE Czechoslovakia Section SP/CAS/COM Joint Chapter by seventeen universities from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Turkey, Taiwan, Japan, Slovak Republic, Spain, Bulgaria, France, Slovenia, Croatia, and Poland, for academics, researchers, and developers, and serves as a premier international forum for the annual exchange and promotion of the latest advances in telecommunication technology and signal processing. The aim of the conference is to bring together both novice and experienced scientists, developers, and specialists, to meet new colleagues, collect new ideas, and establish new cooperation between research groups from universities, research centers, and private sectors worldwide. This collection of 10 papers is highly recommended for researchers, and believed to be interesting, inspiring, and motivating for readers in their further research.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; similarity measure ; dynamic time warping ; n/a ; Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) ; multispectral information ; transmission convergence layer ; 3D segmentation ; micrographia ; MATLAB ; neural network ; wireless communication ; identification ; interference alignment ; Parkinson’s disease dysgraphia ; NG-PON2 ; timing ; GPON ; semantic segmentation ; fractional-order filters ; maximum likelihood criterion ; kinematic analysis ; multitemporal data ; fractional calculus ; multi-hop relay network ; u-net ; interference leakage ; Richardson iteration ; activation process ; acoustic analysis ; follow-up study ; fractional-order derivative ; electrocardiogram (ECG) ; deep learning ; security ; modulo M quasi-stationary ; cognitive radio ; low-pass filters ; time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TIADC) ; sample-and-hold (S/H) mismatch ; authentication ; pattern recognition ; online handwriting ; sparse inference ; Taylor series ; EPON ; open-source ; spine ; machine learning ; brain ; signal representation ; magnitude responses ; Chebyshev filters ; XG-PON ; phonation ; hypokinetic dysarthria ; Parkinson’s disease ; overcomplete multi-scale dictionary construction ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book compiles relevant expanded versions of the best articles presented at the Second Ibero-American Congress of Smart Cities (ICSC-CITIES 2019), published in the Special Issue “Mobility and IoT for the Smart Cities” in Smart Cities, MDPI. This book includes articles on urban mobility, as well as on integrated sensors in cities, two relevant subjects related to the development of modern smart cities moving towards sustainability.
    Keywords: Smart Cities ; inclusive transport ; smart bus stops ; mobility systems ; interconnected public spaces ; air pollution ; noise pollution ; low emissions zone ; pedestrianization ; sustainable mobility ; public transportation ; smart cities ; mobility plan ; railway ; Hyperloop ; power supply ; energy storage ; power electronics ; supercapacitors ; research network ; energy efficiency ; sustainability ; mobility ; IoT ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book brings together the latest research results of air quality assessment standards and sustainable development in developing countries. The content is full and the discussion is vivid. These articles are suitable for students and researchers at all levels seeking to understand the status of air pollution, governance standards, and governance effects in developing countries.
    Keywords: TD172-193.5 ; GE1-350 ; Q1-390 ; greenhouse gases ; collaborative filtering ; Euclid approach degree method ; hierarchical linear model ; pollution ; adaptive clustering analysis ; evolutionary game ; fuzzy comprehensive evaluation ; spatial and temporal difference ; livestock ; AQI ; rough set ; air pollutant ; fuzzy optimization model ; air quality ; Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region ; functional ANOVA ; environmental supervision ; environmental governance ; primary pollutants ; emission inventory ; N) model ; Beijing ; sustainable development ; PM2.5 concentrations ; environmental target-setting ; entropy weight method ; comprehensive pollution index analysis ; attribute reduction ; functional principal component analysis ; AQI indicators ; Jiangsu province ; vehicle ; haze ; air quality evaluation standards ; China ; interval grey number ; PM2.5 ; carbon emissions ; linear time-varying GM(1 ; forecasting ; grey correlation analysis ; measurement and environment ; performance ; whistleblowing ; relevance analysis ; PSR Model ; wind power development ; air pollution ; spatial and temporal distribution characteristics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQK Pollution control
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: This Special Issue of Coatings is focused on the study of different photocatalyst-based coatings for developing self-cleaning, air-purifying and antibacterial properties. In this case, a wide variety of photocatalysts (TiO2, Si-TiO2, TiO2−xNy, Ag-TiO2, Mo-TiO2, ZnO, SnO2-Ag, Nb2O5 and C60 fullerene) were evaluated towards the removal of different molecules. Similarly, substrates such as glass, silica, sapphire, polycarbonate, aluminium, stainless steel, concrete and mortar were included in this issue. This information certainly contributes to a better understanding of the photocatalytic removal of different molecules (e.g., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, resazuring, rhodamine B, methylene blue, Demeton-S, 2-chloroethyl phenyl sulfide (CEPS) and NOx (NO and NO2)) and the coating technologies required for such performances. Based on these interesting results, I encourage you to read through this Special Issue and use the valuable information provided therein to help us move forward in the exciting area of photocatalytic coatings for developing air-purifying, self-cleaning, and antimicrobial properties.
    Keywords: antimicrobial ; coatings ; building maintenance ; easy-to-clean ; air-purifying ; air pollution ; self-cleaning ; photocatalysis ; TiO2 ; hydrophilicity
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book is the first literature collection focused on the development and implementation of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and their integration with sensors for atmospheric measurements on Earth. The research covered in the book combines chemical, physical, and meteorological measurements performed in field campaigns, as well as conceptual and laboratory work. Useful examples for the development of platforms and autonomous systems for environmental studies are provided, which demonstrate how careful the operation of sensors aboard UAS must be to gather information for remote sensing in the atmosphere. The work serves as a key collection of articles to introduce the topic to new researchers interested in the field, guide future studies, and motivate measurements to improve our understanding of the Earth’s complex atmosphere.
    Keywords: unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) ; drones ; geostatistics ; atmospheric physics ; meteorology ; spatial sampling ; unmanned aerial vehicles ; unmanned aerial systems, turbulence ; atmospheric boundary layer ; TK-1G sounding rocket ; near space ; data analysis ; remote sensing ; unmanned aerial systems ; atmospheric composition ; sensors ; UAS ; RPAS ; ALADINA ; airborne turbulence ; radiation measurements ; aerosol measurements ; field experiments ; validation methods ; unmanned aircraft ; meteorological observation ; stable atmospheric boundary layer ; turbulence ; remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) ; ground-based in-situ observations ; boundary layer remote sensing ; Arctic ; polar ; sea ice ; n/a ; source estimation ; methane emissions ; natural gas ; leak surveys ; inverse emissions ; MONITOR ; UAV ; LDAR ; air pollution ; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ; PM2.5 ; meteorological condition ; long-distance transport ; satellite data ; RMLD-UAV ; methane ; mass flux ; leak rate quantification ; wind speed and direction estimation algorithms ; flow probes ; airspeed measurement ; small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Sensors are the eyes or/and ears of an intelligent system, such as UAV, AGV and robots. With the development of material, signal processing, and multidisciplinary interactions, more and more smart sensors are proposed and fabricated under increasing demands for homes, the industry, and military fields. Networks of sensors will be able to enhance the ability to obtain huge amounts of information (big data) and improve precision, which also mirrors the developmental tendency of modern sensors. Moreover, artificial intelligence is a novel impetus for sensors and networks, which gets sensors to learn and think and feed more efficient results back. This book includes new research results from academia and industry, on the subject of “Smart Sensors and Networks”, especially sensing technologies utilizing Artificial Intelligence. The topics include: smart sensors biosensors sensor network sensor data fusion artificial intelligence deep learning mechatronics devices for sensors applications of sensors for robotics and mechatronics devices
    Keywords: microelectromechanical systems ; inertial measurement unit ; long short term memory recurrent neural networks ; artificial intelligence ; deep learning ; CNN ; LSTM ; CO2 welding ; molten pool ; online monitoring ; mechanical sensor ; self-adaptiveness ; ankle-foot exoskeleton ; walking assistance ; visual tracking ; correlation filter ; color histogram ; adaptive hedge algorithm ; scenario generation ; autonomous vehicle ; smart sensor and device ; wireless sensor networks ; task assignment ; distributed ; reliable ; energy-efficient ; audification ; sensor ; visualization ; speech to text ; text to speech ; HF-OTH radar ; AIS ; radar tracking ; data fusion ; fuzzy functional dependencies ; maritime surveillance ; surgical robot end-effector ; clamping force estimation ; joint torque disturbance observer ; PSO-BPNN ; cable tension measurement ; queue length ; roadside sensor ; vehicle detection ; adverse weather ; roadside LiDAR ; data processing ; air pollution ; atmospheric data ; IoT ; machine learning ; RNN ; Sensors ; smart cities ; traffic flow ; traffic forecasting ; wireless sensor network ; fruit condition monitoring ; artificial neural network ; ethylene gas ; banana ripening ; unidimensional ACGAN ; signal recognition ; data augmentation ; link establishment behaviors ; DenseNet ; short-wave radio station ; landing gear ; adaptive landing ; vehicle classification ; FBG ; smart sensors ; outlier detection ; local outlier factor ; data streams ; air quality monitoring ; n/a ; evacuation path ; multi-story multi-exit building ; temperature sensors ; multi-time-slots planning ; optimization ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The global electric car fleet exceeded 7 million battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in 2019, and will continue to increase in the future, as electrification is an important means of decreasing the greenhouse gas emissions of the transportation sector. The energy storage system is a very central component of the electric vehicle. The storage system needs to be cost-competitive, light, efficient, safe, and reliable, and to occupy little space and last for a long time. It should also be produced and disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner. This leaves many research challenges, and the purpose of this book is therefore to provide a platform for sharing the latest findings on energy storage systems for electric vehicles (electric cars, buses, aircraft, ships, etc.) Research in energy storage systems requires several sciences working together, and this book therefore include contributions from many different disciplines; this covers a wide range of topics, e.g. battery-management systems, state-of-charge and state-of-health estimation, thermal-battery-management systems, power electronics for energy storage devices, battery aging modelling, battery reuse and recycling, etc.
    Keywords: lithium-ion batteries ; non-aqueous electrolyte ; nitrile-based solvents ; butyronitrile ; SEI forming additives ; fast charging ; power batteries ; improved second-order RC equivalent circuit ; fuzzy unscented Kalman filtering algorithm ; joint estimation ; electric bus ; battery ; energy efficiency ; environmental conditions ; hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) ; battery life ; multi-objective energy management ; adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS) ; pontryagin’s minimum principle (PMP) ; particle swarm optimization (PSO) ; recurrent-neural-network (RNN) ; fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle ; least squares support vector machines (LSSVM) ; driving conditions identification ; power distribution ; electric vehicle ; lithium-ion battery ; estimation ; Kalman filter ; state-of-charge ; state-of-health ; resistance ; open-circuit voltage ; battery capacity ; battery modelling and simulation ; battery testing cycler ; battery thermal model ; lithium-ion polymer battery ; SLI battery ; dual-motor energy recovery ; regenerative braking system ; CVT speed ratio control ; motor minimum loss ; energy consumption and efficiency characteristics ; braking force distribution ; oil–electric–hydraulic hybrid system ; lowest instantaneous energy costs ; energy management ; global optimization ; retired batteries ; energy storage applications ; layered bidirectional equalization ; equalization algorithm ; state of charge ; available capacity ; adaptive model-based algorithm ; square root cubature Kalman filter ; li-ion battery ; performance degradation modelling ; electrified propulsion ; battery sizing ; powertrain optimization ; optimal energy management ; heat and mass transfer ; thermal analysis ; Lithium-ion battery ; micro-channel cooling plate ; battery thermal management ; MeshWorks ; CFD ; diffusion induced stress ; hydrostatic stress influence on diffusion ; electrode particle model ; battery mechanical aging ; coulomb counting ; open circuit voltage ; state of health ; temperature ; new energy vehicle ; power battery ; battery reusing ; echelon utilization ; battery recycling ; electric vehicles ; electro-hydraulic braking ; braking intention ; mode switching ; torque coordinated control ; Electric Truck Simulator ; Electric Vehicle (EV) ; Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) ; Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) ; least-energy routing algorithm ; EV batteries ; metric evaluation ; AC–AC converters ; battery chargers ; power conversion harmonics ; wireless power transmission ; electrochemical–thermal model ; artificial intelligence ; artificial neural networks ; hybrid vehicles ; state-of-charge estimation (SOC) ; linear quadratic estimator ; lithium ion battery ; iron phosphate ; cell expansion ; force ; lithium-ion cobalt battery ; state of energy ; adaptive EKF SOC estimation ; linear observer SOC estimation ; MATLAB ; Simscape ; electric buses ; thermal energy storage ; latent heat storage ; metallic phase change material ; cabin heating ; fuel cell ; automated guided vehicle ; hybrid energy storage system ; model-based design ; waveforms modeling ; autoregressive models of nonstationary signals ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: The book is addressed to architects and civil engineers. Design and research are areas connecting their activities. The contents of the book confirm the fact that the interface between architecture and engineering is multidimensional. The ways of finding points of contact between the two industries are highlighted. This is favored by the dynamically changing reality, supported by new design paradigms and new research techniques. The multithreaded subject matter of the articles is reduced to six sections: Research Scopes, Methods, Design Aspects, Context, Nature of Research, and Economy and Cost Calculation. Each of the articles in these six blocks has its weight. And so, in the Nature of Research section, the following areas have been underscored: laboratory tests, in situ research, field investigations, and street perception experiments. The section Design Aspects includes design-oriented thinking, geometrical forms, location of buildings, cost prediction, attractor and distractor elements, and shaping spatial structures. The new design and research tools are an inspiration and a keystone bonding architects and engineers.
    Keywords: high-rise buildings ; development ; geometrical forms ; structural system ; advanced materials ; damping systems ; sustainability ; sustainable smart city ; architect ; image of the city ; participatory design ; body of the building ; facades ; roofs ; built environment ; design thinking method ; multi-criteria decision-making ; multi-criteria decision analysis ; fuzzy AHP ; sustainable development ; design solutions ; concrete performance ; concrete durability ; EIPI method ; waste copper slag ; natural radioactivity ; cost estimates ; construction costs ; bridge construction projects ; machine learning ; support vector machines ; regression ; technical condition ; performance characteristics ; prediction ; degree of wear ; building information modeling ; BIM ; construction management ; SWOT ; eye tracking ; visual perception ; the architecture of Cologne ; case study ; application in architecture and management ; assembly works ; computer planning ; Monte Carlo method ; selection ; construction ; application ; a curvilinear structure ; a hyperbolic paraboloid ; shaping structures ; structural optimization ; parametric design ; genetic algorithms ; multi-objective optimization ; topology ; Grasshopper ; FEM ; steel trusses ; semi-rigid joints ; RHS braces ; H-section chords ; overlapped joints ; resistance of welds ; Kraków Zabłocie ; Podolski Boulevard ; development of riverside embankment ; downtown riverside areas ; urban local centre ; community ; historical context ; multifunctional complex ; living environment quality ; spatial location conditions ; air pollution ; urban ventilation ; EU subsidies targeting environmental quality improvement ; masonry structures ; stiffening walls ; wall joints ; connectors ; bed joint reinforcement ; design for circularity ; design support tools ; circular construction ; circular economy ; architecture ; architectural design ; photovoltaic modules in architecture ; green building ; benefits of BIM ; public construction clients ; project outcomes ; engineering ; design paradigms ; research methods ; circular building ; spatial structures ; design-oriented thinking ; MCDM ; SVM ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: A wide variety of technologies and products have already become widespread in our society. However, policies have not been well-implemented to effectively reduce energy consumptions and CO2 emissions by promoting low-carbon technologies and products. This Special Issue focuses on studies targeting specific products (e.g., motor vehicle, household dishwashers, etc.) and/or technologies (e.g., information and communication technology, transport technology, CO2 capture technology, etc.) and quantifying resource and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions associated with products and technology systems using the reliable inventory database. Thus, this Special Issue provides important studies on how demand- and supply-side policies can contribute to reducing energy consumptions and CO2 emissions from consumption- and production-based perspectives.
    Keywords: lifecycle analysis ; CAFE standards ; fuel economy ; automobile manufacture ; carbon footprint ; hybrid MRIO ; SDA ; energy saving ; energy composition ; China ; information and communications technology ; productivity ; renewable energy ; energy sector ; distributed energy system ; resource security ; domestic mineral production ; input-output analysis ; environmental assessment ; transition ; low carbon technologies ; low carbon transition ; decarbonisation ; zero carbon ; air pollution ; diesel ban ; electric vehicles ; transport policy ; transport planning ; London ; CO2 emissions ; household consumption ; index decomposition analysis ; structural decomposition analysis ; aging society ; Japan ; CO2 capture ; thermal power plants ; oxyfuel combustion ; allam cycle ; post-combustion ; pre-combustion ; energy efficiency policy ; household appliances ; eco-design ; energy labelling ; indirect impacts ; general equilibrium model ; FIDELIO model ; road transport ; low carbon scenario ; GHG mitigation measures ; cost-benefit ; mitigation cost ; financing ; climate change ; energy-saving ; attitude ; Big Five ; personality traits ; office ; household ; pro-environment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Within the framework of tourism companies and tourist destinations, the question of sustainability is gaining importance. Tourists are increasingly aware of the importance of sustainability criteria, awarding greater value to sustainable destinations. Sustainability refers to a wide range of aspects related to climate change, the economic organization of tourism, social values or questions, job creation, and the necessary protection of the culture of destinations and the environment. Therefore, there is a need for studies that consider these aspects in order to achieve the sustainable development of tourist destinations. Fundamental to this is discovering to what degree tourism companies and destinations approach these questions in the strategies they use to deal with problems stemming from their attempts to be more sustainable. Conceptual papers and empirical research on the economic, social, cultural, and environmental aspects related to tourism companies and destinations are welcome. Studies that analyze how these questions and the concept of sustainability are included in tourism companies and destinations are necessary in these modern times. This book was established for these reasons, dedicated to examining sustainability in tourism. The papers included in this Special Issue can help us to determine the new directions being addressed in the research on sustainability tourism.
    Keywords: HB1-3840 ; the “health” of rural settlements ; sport tourism ; physical environment (PhE) ; tourism evaluation ; hotel industry ; internet search index ; deep learning framework ; visitor satisfaction ; discrete choice experiments ; invasive species control ; tourist satisfaction ; all-for-one tourism ; spatial analysis ; choice experiment ; two stage on-site sampling ; tourism and sustainability ; Apuseni mountains ; sporting event ; sustainability services marketing matrix ; compartmentalisation ; climate change ; regression discontinuity design ; supply chain ; TOWS matrix ; essential marketing ; LSTM model ; A’WOT ; time series ; museum planning ; sustainable daily practices ; negative externalities ; event quality ; sustainability ; certification ; sustainable development ; islands ; young adults ; semantic analysis ; sense of belonging ; agritourism ; behavioral intentions ; purchasing ; motivation ; pro-social/pro-environmental behavior ; tourism ; ecolabel adoption ; hotel accommodation demands ; tourism indicators ; local community ; destination development ; forecasting performance ; inbound tourism ; China ; visitor behavior ; cluster analysis ; campsites ; science museum ; qualitative methodology ; place attachment ; forecasting ; mountain areas ; ecolabel ; electricity ; tourists’ preferences ; value and tourism ; sustainable tourism ; strategic planning ; regional disparity ; community-based tourism ; forecast through a logistic model ; PM10 ; constraint ; air pollution ; learning-based tourism ; hotel management ; ICT
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center towers on September 11, 2001, also referred as 9/11, was an iconic event in US history that altered the global and political response to terrorism. The attacks, which involved two planes hitting the twin towers in Lower Manhattan, New York City, resulted in the collapse of the buildings and over 2800 deaths of occupants of the buildings, fire, police and other responders and persons on the street in the vicinity of the collapsing buildings. The destroyed towers and the surrounding buildings have since been replaced but the health effects that resulted from the release of tons of dust, gases and debris as well as the life threat trauma are ongoing, and represent a major health burden among persons directly exposed. Hundreds of scientific publications have documented the physical and mental health effects attributed to the disaster. The current state-of-the-art in understanding the ongoing interactions of physical and mental health, especially PTSD, and the unique mechanisms by which pollutants from the building collapse, have resulted in long term pulmonary dysfunction, course of previously reported conditions, potential emerging conditions (e.g., heart disease and autoimmune diseases), as well as quality of life, functioning and unmet health care needs would be in the purview of this Special Issue on the 9/11 Disaster.
    Keywords: B1-5802 ; n/a ; asthma outcomes ; health insurance ; mental health ; handgrip strength ; WTC ; cognitive reserve ; disaster epidemiology ; surveillance bias ; cardiac sarcoidosis ; lung function ; lung injury ; treatment utilization ; injury ; Cox regression ; lower Manhattan residents ; chronic sinusitis ; social support ; indoor allergens sensitization ; respiratory function ; FDNY ; asthma control ; sarcoidosis ; asthma ; 9/11 impact ; physical health ; rescue/recovery workers ; chronic disease ; evidence-based treatment ; irritant(s) ; fibrosis ; unmet mental health care needs ; airway hyperreactivity ; asthma quality of life ; Short Form-12 (SF-12) ; WTC-related asthma ; longitudinal analysis ; forced oscillation ; thyroid cancer ; psychotherapy ; cognitive decline ; 9/11 disaster ; severe lung disease ; prevalence ; inflammation ; pulmonary function tests ; World Trade Center disaster ; disaster mental health ; epidemiological studies ; obstructive sleep apnea ; counseling ; sleepiness ; PTSD ; hazard function ; cleaning practices ; air pollution ; aging ; stressful life events ; airway physiology ; screening ; PTSD cluster ; latent class analysis ; retirement ; environmental health ; World Trade Center ; quality improvement ; pulmonary fibrosis ; WTC attack ; dust ; PCL score ; WTC responders ; mini asthma quality of life questionnaire ; biomarkers ; HQoL ; health-related quality of life ; Scadding stage ; 9/11 ; firefighters ; allergen exposure ; metabolic syndrome ; neuropathic symptoms ; small airway disease ; Asian Americans ; asthma morbidity ; PTSD symptom change ; WTC survivors ; trigger(s) ; World Trade Center exposure ; occupational exposure ; peripheral neuropathy ; disaster ; respiratory symptoms ; mental health treatment ; genetics ; mental health service utilization ; comorbid insomnia ; sleep-related quality of life ; World Trade Center attack ; immunoglobulin E ; mental health service use ; income loss ; paresthesia ; World Trade Center (WTC) ; fibrotic sarcoid ; depression ; post-disaster ; mental health conditions ; extrathoracic sarcoidosis ; medical imaging ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The early days of tourism development had a naïve vision of tourism’s impacts on society in terms of economic, social, and environmental benefits. Time has passed, and we have learnt lessons regarding the success and failure of tourism development. Mass tourism development has pros and cons and is not necessarily the optimal development model. Alternative development strategies should be contemplated. This Special Issue deals with different topics concerning optimal tourism development. Destination management requires further understanding of different issues, such as carrying capacity, income-based optimal supply size, identification and development of optimal market niches, and adaptation or environmental protection strategies. Tourism planning is concerned with the role of economies of agglomeration, i.e., the advantages of spatial clusters vs scattered development. Additionally, support for and investment in innovation, accessibility, and mobility are relevant nowadays. From the stakeholders’ perspective, it is relevant to discuss ways of cooperating and sources of conflicts among different sectors and actors, governance and incentives for sustainable tourism practices, and equity and economic distribution of benefits. Finally, the development of methodological tools for the assessment of optimal tourism development is necessary for policy making, in particular the development of methods that are capable of integrating economic, environmental, and social criteria.
    Keywords: corporate social responsibility ; economic ; environmental and social responsibility ; Internet ; hotel services ; Spain ; healthy architecture ; construction materials ; environment ; radon ; underground building ; heritage building ; real-estate market ; tourist housing ; territorial sustainability ; sustainable tourism ; multicriteria assessment ; geographical information systems ; sustainable destination ; destination image ; marketing strategies ; communication ; segmentation ; rural development ; National Parks ; nature tourism ; public use ; inbound tourism ; China ; air pollution ; PM2.5 ; gravity model ; spatial statistics ; spatial clusters ; Moran’s I ; Getis–Ord G (d) ; LISA ; Extremadura ; tourist recycling behaviour ; environmental barriers ; sociodemographic ; situational ; tourism ; spatial analyses ; cluster analysis ; Ward’s method ; EU ; product innovation model ; transformative tourism experience ; development process design ; core resource identification ; tourism product development ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various gas conversion applications, such as CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels, N2 fixation for the synthesis of NH3 or NOx, methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. It is also widely used for air pollution control (e.g., VOC
    Keywords: T1-995 ; TP155-156 ; in plasma-catalysis ; gas composition ; radiofrequency plasma ; calcium carbonate decomposition ; phenanthrene ; methane reforming ; dry reforming of methane ; NH3 decomposition ; dielectric barrier discharge ; gas temperature ; relative humidity ; CO selectivity ; isotope labelling ; nanocatalyst ; packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge ; Ga–In alloys ; mineralization ; rotating gliding arc plasma ; dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) ; catalyst ; plasmas-catalysis ; H2S oxidation ; post plasma-catalysis ; naphthalene ; VOC abatement ; nonstoichiometry ; zeolites ; H2 generation ; tar destruction ; adsorption-plasma catalysis ; NOx conversion ; catalyst preparation ; CeO2 ; nonequilibrium plasma ; non-thermal plasmas ; mode transition ; bimetal ; DBD plasma ; surface filament ; self-cooling ; indium ; plasma catalysis ; gallium ; perovskite catalysts ; ammonia synthesis ; packing materials ; air pollution ; toluene ; particle-in- cell/Monte Carlo collision method ; CO2 decomposition ; Manganese ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The book features contributions that report original research in the theoretical, technological, and social aspects of geoinformation methods, as applied to supporting citizen science. Specifically, the book focuses on the technological aspects of the field and their application toward the recruitment of volunteers and the collection, management, and analysis of geotagged information to support volunteer involvement in scientific projects. Internationally renowned research groups share research in three areas: First, the key methods of geoinformatics within citizen science initiatives to support scientists in discovering new knowledge in specific application domains or in performing relevant activities, such as reliable geodata filtering, management, analysis, synthesis, sharing, and visualization; second, the critical aspects of citizen science initiatives that call for emerging or novel approaches of geoinformatics to acquire and handle geoinformation; and third, novel geoinformatics research that could serve in support of citizen science.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; education ; geoinformatics ; GIS education ; classification accuracy ; latent class analysis ; location-based social networks (LBSNs) ; geoinformation in citizen science ; toponym ; recruitment ; community mapping ; user preference ; land administration systems ; positional accuracy ; sample size ; spatial proximity ; crowdsourced geoinformation collection and analysis ; air quality estimation ; digital cartography ; crowdsourcing ; VGI in citizen science ; crowdsourced data collection ; social relationship effect ; analysis ; GIS ; data quality ; opportunistic data ; volunteer ; volunteered geographic information (VGI) ; VGI ; data fusion ; algorithms ; OpenStreetMap ; volunteer geographic information ; citizen science ; ensemble ; spatial bias ; projects survey ; Alaska ; marine mammal ; brown marmorated stink bug ; social media ; Environmental niche modeling ; data analysis ; Pentatomidae ; QGIS ; MaxEnt ; spatial accuracy ; clustering ; air pollution ; data import ; sky images ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Numerous studies indicate an accelerated growth of forest trees, induced by ongoing climate change. Similar trends were recently found for urban trees in major cities worldwide. Studies frequently report about substantial effects of climate change and the urban heat island effect (UHI) on plant growth. The combined effects of increasing temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and extended growing season lengths, in addition to increasing nitrogen deposition and higher CO2 concentrations, can increase but also reduce plant growth. Closely related to this, the multiple functions and services provided by urban trees may be modified. Urban trees generate numerous ecosystem services, including carbon storage, mitigation of the heat island effect, reduction of rainwater runoff, pollutant filtering, recreation effects, shading, and cooling. The quantity of the ecosystem services is often closely associated with the species, structure, age, and size of the tree as well as with a tree’s vitality. Therefore, greening cities, and particularly planting trees, seems to be an effective option to mitigate climate change and the UHI. The focus of this Special Issue is to underline the importance of trees as part of the urban green areas for major cities in all climate zones. Empirical as well as modeling studies of urban tree growth and their services and disservices in cities worldwide are included. Articles about the dynamics, structures, and functions of urban trees as well as the influence of climate and climate change on urban tree growth, urban species composition, carbon storage, and biodiversity are also discussed.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QH540-549.5 ; Q1-390 ; green spaces ; urban heat island ; Landsat TM ; human health ; root:shoot ratio ; choice experiment ; urban trees ; BVOC emission ; climate change ; urbanity ; urbanization ; sustainability ; drought stress ; ecosystem disservices ; tree growth ; Greenway ; oxides ; hot arid urban climate ; carbon sequestration ; abundance ; landscape planning ; bud break ; urban microclimate ; tree competition ; urban forest ; allergenic potential ; sampling plots ; climate change implications ; ecosystem modeling ; preferences ; urban parks ; basal area ; urban tree growth ; air pollution removal ; environmental quality ; species richness ; surface temperature ; drought ; growing season ; air pollution ; ecosystem services ; biomass allocation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Next year (2018), we will be celebrating the 15th anniversary of the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health—IJERPH (ISSN 1660-4601). Hence, we are currently organizing a Special Issue to commemorate this important milestone. Founded in 2004, IJERPH has experienced a tremendous growth in terms of the number and quality of scientific publications. With a 2016 impact factor of 2.101, IJERPH now ranks among the top international journals in the emerging field of environmental research and public health. As described on our website (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph), IJERPH is a peer-reviewed journal that focuses on the publication of scientific and technical information on the impacts of natural phenomena and anthropogenic factors on the quality of our environment, the interrelationships between environmental health and the quality of life, as well as the socio-cultural, political, economic, and legal considerations related to environmental stewardship and public health. Its primary areas of research interests include: Gene-environment interactions Environmental genomics and proteomics Environmental toxicology, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis Environmental epidemiology and disease control Health risk assessment and management Ecotoxicology, and ecological risk assessment and management Natural resources damage assessment Environmental chemistry and computational modeling Environmental policy and management Environmental engineering and biotechnology Emerging issues in environmental health and diseases Environmental education and public health To help celebrate the 15th anniversary, you are kindly invited to submit original articles, critical reviews, research notes, and short communications on any of the above-listed topics. Please also encourage any of our colleagues who may be interested to submit manuscripts. We expect that this issue will attract considerable attention, as we prepare to celebrate the excellent scientific contributions and socio-economic impacts of IJERPH over the past 15 years.
    Keywords: transportation noise ; MTNR1B gene ; rs10830963 ; diabetes ; glycosylated hemoglobin ; circadian sleep-wake cycle ; gene-environment interactions ; adults ; cohort study ; metal mobility ; soil flushing ; soil reclamation ; agricultural soil ; EDDS deficiency ; child sexual abuse ; adolescents ; girls ; boys ; gender differences ; legal proceedings ; child-friendly justice ; prevention ; cervical Arabin pessary ; cerclage ; second trimester of pregnancy ; sepiolite ; adsorption ; potentially toxic elements ; modification ; regeneration ; Xiangjiang River ; air pollution ; neighborhood deprivation index ; preterm birth ; spatial approach ; participatory research ; second hand smoking ; communication media ; vulnerable populations ; migrants ; health care research ; quality assurance ; hospital management ; health inequities ; environmental vulnerability ; multi-criteria spatial analysis ; risk management tool ; hazardous substance ; road accidents ; online hate ; hate speech ; bystander ; perpetrator ; online disinhibition ; online discrimination ; cyber aggression ; Bothrops lanceolatus ; envenomation ; snakebite ; bacteria ; infection ; antibiotic susceptibility ; ADL ; disability ; health ; home ; usability ; parenting desire ; lesbian ; gay ; minority stress ; mediation ; demographic factor ; EQ-5D ; health-related quality of life ; depression ; family planning ; Bayesian ; spatial ; RDHS ; Rwanda ; suicide ; premature mortality ; young men ; Greenland ; Denmark ; head injury ; incidence ; national health insurance ; population-based study ; mortality ; traumatic brain injury ; polycystic ovary syndrome ; self-efficacy ; optimism ; acceptance of illness ; September 11 terrorist attacks ; pilot aircraft-assisted suicide ; copycat effect ; obesity ; endoscopy ; Helicobacter pylori ; BMI ; Saudi patients ; urban lake ; comprehensive nutrition status Index ; heavy metals ; health risk ; fuzzy comprehensive method ; physical fitness ; Mediterranean diet ; body composition ; dementia ; health services ; resource utilization ; dementia care ; informal care ; formal care ; cognitive disorder ; physical activity in pregnancy ; PPAQ ; quality of life ; WHOQoL-Bref ; pregnant women ; food availability ; eating away from home ; household food spending ; trace elements ; concentration ; microwave digester ; Wuhan ; soil contamination ; ecological risk ; tuberculosis ; screening for tuberculosis ; public health ; immigrants ; health impact assessments ; premature death ; equity impact ; health impact ; reduction of air pollution ; environmental inequalities ; spatial analysis ; small area ; AirQ ; traffic congestion ; activity-travel patterns ; real-time traffic data ; the uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP) ; the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP) ; evaluation ; method ; policy ; strategy ; social ; trend ; winter tourism ; climate change ; snow abundance index ; meteorological suitability index ; copula function ; spatial suitability assessment ; oral surgery ; oral medicine ; leucoplakia ; hyperkeratosis ; laser ; electronic waste ; informal recycling ; PBDEs ; soil ; dust ; Nigeria ; aerobic capacity ; attrition ; change-of-direction speed ; deputy sheriff ; graduation ; high-intensity running ; police ; strength endurance ; tactical ; roadside exposure ; inflammation biomarker ; Nepal ; PM2.5 ; oily sludge ; incineration ; kinetic ; modeling ; differential/integral method ; engineering ; curriculum proposals ; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; global change ; grassland ecosystem ; stoichiometry ; phosphorus limitation ; unsafe behavior ; targeted intervention ; coal miners ; safety management ; bioaerosols ; influenza virus ; ferret animal model ; aerosol chamber ; dengue fever ; Aedes albopictus ; living environment ; logistic regression analysis ; China ; human capital ; multilevel linear regression ; self-rated mental health ; social capital ; groundwater ; iron and manganese removal ; biofilter ; food contamination ; gastrointestinal diseases ; morbidity ; deep neural networks ; evolutionary learning ; health literacy ; adolescent health ; Mexico ; health disparities ; motivation ; videogaming ; psychopathology ; adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) ; Hungarian representative adult sample ; opinion poll ; ACE Score Calculator ; influenza vaccination ; pneumonia ; population-based case-control study ; adolescent ; risk factors ; psychosocial ; socio-environmental ; behavior ; United States ; Latinos ; physical education ; social and emotional learning ; sport education model ; subjective well-being ; trait emotional intelligence ; social anxiety ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Wind Power Plant (WPP) and Wind Turbine (WT) modeling are becoming of key importance due to the relevant wind-generation impact on power systems. Wind integration into power systems must be carefully analyzed to forecast the effects on grid stability and reliability. Different agents, such as Transmission System Operators (TSOs) and Distribution System Operators (DSOs), focus on transient analyses. Wind turbine manufacturers, power system software developers, and technical consultants are also involved. WPP and WT dynamic models are often divided into two types: detailed and simplified. Detailed models are used for Electro-Magnetic Transient (EMT) simulations, providing both electrical and mechanical responses with high accuracy during short time intervals. Simplified models, also known as standard or generic models, are designed to give reliable responses, avoiding high computational resources. Simplified models are commonly used by TSOs and DSOs to carry out different transient stability studies, including loss of generation, switching of power lines or balanced faults, etc., Assessment and validation of such dynamic models is also a major issue due to the importance and difficulty of collecting real data. Solutions facing all these challenges, including the development, validation and application of WT and WPP models are presented in this Issue.
    Keywords: bearing current ; common mode current ; doubly fed induction generators ; permanent magnet synchronous generators ; wind turbine generator ; doubly-fed generator ; converter control ; short-circuit current ; second harmonic component ; low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) field test data ; complex terrain ; terrain-induced turbulence ; turbulence intensity ; LES ; vortex shedding ; frequency control ; wind power integration ; power system stability ; turbulence ; statistical modelling ; Wind Turbine (WT) ; Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) ; unbalanced grid voltage ; DC-linked voltage control ; Proportional Resonant with Resonant Harmonic Compensator (PR+HC) controller ; Adaptive Proportional Integral (API) control ; power control ; wind turbine near wake ; wind turbine wakes ; wake aerodynamics ; computational fluid dynamics ; rotor aerodynamics ; wind turbine validation ; MEXICO experiment ; wind energy ; model validation ; wind turbine aerodynamics ; wind farms ; wind turbines interaction ; wind farm modeling ; kernel density estimation ; multiple wind farms ; joint probability density ; ordinal optimization ; reactive power capability ; wind power plant ; wind power collection system ; aggregated, modelling ; wind integration studies ; long term voltage stability ; fault-ride through capability ; IEC 61400-27-1 ; Spanish PO 12.3 ; Type 3 wind turbine ; inertia ; wind power ; droop ; primary control ; frequency containment process ; wind integration ; demand response ; ancillary services ; wind turbine nacelle ; lightning electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) ; magnetic field intensity ; shielding mesh ; wake steering ; yaw misalignment ; multi body simulation ; main bearing loads ; rain flow counts ; aeroelasticity ; multi-rotor system ; wind turbine ; computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ; horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) ; permanent-magnet synchronous-generator (PMSG) ; linear quadratic regulator (LQR) ; PI control algorithm ; LQR-PI control ; wind turbine blade ; large-eddy simulation ; turbulence evaluation index ; fatigue damage evaluation index ; DIgSILENT-PowerFactory ; MATLAB ; transient stability ; type 3 wind turbine ; DFIG ; field testing ; full-scale converter ; generic model ; validation ; HAWT ; aerodynamic characteristics ; dynamic yawing process ; near wake ; start-stop yaw velocity ; load frequency control (LFC) ; equivalent input disturbance (EID) ; active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) ; wind ; linear matrix inequalities (LMI) ; dynamic modeling ; grey-box parameter identification ; subspace identification ; recursive least squares ; optimal identification ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
    Format: application/octet-stream
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  • 69
    Keywords: MATLAB ; electric power
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Rational Fitting Techniques for the Modeling of Electric Power Components and Systems Using MATLAB Environment by Eduardo Salvador Bañuelos-Cabral, José Alberto Gutiérrez-Robles and Bjørn Gustavsen
    Pages: Online-Ressource (56 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535136743
    Language: English
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  • 70
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    Keywords: air quality ; atmosphere ; air pollution
    Description / Table of Contents: Addressing the matter of air quality in a collection of focused scientific topic chapters is timely as a contribution to the international discussion and challenges of global warming and climate change. This book engages with the debate by considering some of the social, public health, economic and scientific issues that relate to the contribution made by airborne pollutants to the observable trending variances in weather, climate and atmospheric conditions. From a wide range of submissions for inclusion in the book, there are seven carefully selected chapters that individually relate to air sampling and analysis: the monitoring, measurement and modelling of air quality. The authors come from a range of academic and scientific disciplines, and each is internationally credited in his/her field. This book will appeal to scholars, to students and generally to those interested in the following contemporary thought in the matter of environment pollution, air quality and the issues of climate and atmosphere the world is facing today.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (194 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535127659
    Language: English
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  • 71
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: MATLAB
    Description / Table of Contents: The book presents a collection of MATLAB-based chapters of various engineering background. Instead of giving exhausting amount of technical details, authors were rather advised to explain relations of their problems to actual MATLAB concepts. So, whenever possible, download links to functioning MATLAB codes were added and a potential reader can do own testing. Authors are typically scientists with interests in modeling in MATLAB. Chapters include image and signal processing, mechanics and dynamics, models and data identification in biology, fuzzy logic, discrete event systems and data acquisition systems.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (284 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535124603
    Language: English
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  • 72
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: air pollution ; air quality ; urban areas
    Description / Table of Contents: Air pollution is thus far one of the key environmental issues in urban areas. Comprehensive air quality plans are required to manage air pollution for a particular area. Consequently, air should be continuously sampled, monitored, and modeled to examine different action plans. Reviews and research papers describe air pollution in five main contexts: Monitoring, Modeling, Risk Assessment, Health, and Indoor Air Pollution. The book is recommended to experts interested in health and air pollution issues.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (654 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535121800
    Language: English
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  • 73
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: air quality ; air pollution ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: The links between air pollutants and health impacts are many and complex. The environmental health community is being challenged to take stronger mitigation to respect population health and is taking opportunities to further their implication. Recognizing, observing, and analyzing exposures are a promising way forward, but also raise a myriad of new challenges and questions, including what such approaches are, when and how they can put into practice, and what their implications are for protecting human health. This book gives an overview of key issues in air pollution. Reviews and research papers describe air pollution in a variety of context, such as: evolution of air pollutant, urban structure effects, exposure in agriculture, surface ozone monitoring, the respiratory diseases impacts, appropriate technology, and response management to the air pollution.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (390 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535107057
    Language: English
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  • 74
    Keywords: air quality ; air pollution ; environmental sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: This book contains 15 chapters reporting air pollution of interest to experts in academia and industrial plants dealing with the environmental issues. These chapters emphasize the problems of air pollution involving the human sector as an essential part in the control of air pollutants. The book contains an analysis of various geographic regions and evaluation of different activities related to these areas. Descriptive analyzes present the generation of air pollution and its effect on society and materials evaluations. The major sources of emission of pollutants and the damage that they originate in the towns and industrial plants are reported. This volume provides methods and tools for assessment according to each location. Other important aspects are the activities of governmental authorities, the academic and sectors for solving the environment problem.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (326 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106746
    Language: English
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  • 75
    Keywords: MATLAB ; communications
    Description / Table of Contents: This excellent book represents the final part of three-volumes regarding MATLAB-based applications in almost every branch of science. The book consists of 19 excellent, insightful articles and the readers will find the results very useful to their work. In particular, the book consists of three parts, the first one is devoted to mathematical methods in the applied sciences by using MATLAB, the second is devoted to MATLAB applications of general interest and the third one discusses MATLAB for educational purposes. This collection of high quality articles, refers to a large range of professional fields and can be used for science as well as for various educational purposes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (484 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535107521
    Language: English
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  • 76
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: MATLAB ; Simulink ; communications
    Description / Table of Contents: Building on MATLAB (the language of technical computing), Simulink provides a platform for engineers to plan, model, design, simulate, test and implement complex electromechanical, dynamic control, signal processing and communication systems. Simulink-Matlab combination is very useful for developing algorithms, GUI assisted creation of block diagrams and realisation of interactive simulation based designs. The eleven chapters of the book demonstrate the power and capabilities of Simulink to solve engineering problems with varied degree of complexity in the virtual environment.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106357
    Language: English
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  • 77
    Keywords: MATLAB ; communications
    Description / Table of Contents: This excellent book represents the second part of three-volumes regarding MATLAB-based applications in almost every branch of science. The present textbook contains a collection of 13 exceptional articles divided in three parts. In particular, the first part is devoted to electronic engineering and computer science, the second part is devoted to MATLAB/SIMULINK as a tool for engineering applications and the third part is about telecommunication and communication systems. This collection of high quality articles refers to a large range of professional fields and can be used for science as well as for various educational purposes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (310 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535107514
    Language: English
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  • 78
    Keywords: MATLAB ; communications
    Description / Table of Contents: This is the first book in a three-volume series deploying MATLAB-based applications in almost every branch of science. This volume, presents interesting topics from different areas of engineering, signal and image processing based on the MATLAB environment. The book consists of 20 excellent, insightful articles and the readers will find the results very useful to their work. This collection of high quality articles, refers to a large range of professional fields and may be used for scientific, engineering and educational purposes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (520 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535107507
    Language: English
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  • 79
    Keywords: atmospheric sciences ; air pollution
    Description / Table of Contents: This book aims to strengthen the knowledge base dealing with Air Pollution. The book consists of 21 chapters dealing with Air Pollution and its effects in the fields of Health, Environment, Economy and Agricultural Sources. It is divided into four sections. The first one deals with effect of air pollution on health and human body organs. The second section includes the Impact of air pollution on plants and agricultural sources and methods of resistance. The third section includes environmental changes, geographic and climatic conditions due to air pollution. The fourth section includes case studies concerning of the impact of air pollution in the economy and development goals, such as, indoor air pollution in México, indoor air pollution and millennium development goals in Bangladesh, epidemiologic and economic impact of natural gas on indoor air pollution in Colombia and economic growth and air pollution in Iran during development programs. In this book the authors explain the definition of air pollution, the most important pollutants and their different sources and effects on humans and various fields of life. The authors offer different solutions to the problems resulting from air pollution.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (444 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533075280
    Language: English
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  • 80
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: oceanography ; atmospheric sciences ; air pollution ; air quality
    Description / Table of Contents: Human beings need to breathe oxygen diluted in certain quantity of inert gas for living. In the atmosphere, there is a gas mixture of, mainly, oxygen and nitrogen, in appropriate proportions. However, the air also contains other gases, vapours and aerosols that humans incorporate when breathing and whose composition and concentration vary spatially. Some of these are physiologically inert. Air pollution has become a problem of major concern in the last few decades as it has caused negative effects on human health, nature and properties. This book presents the results of research studies carried out by international researchers in seventeen chapters which can be grouped into two main sections: a) air quality monitoring and b) air quality assessment and management, and serves as a source of material for all those involved in the field, whether as a student, scientific researcher, industrialist, consultant, or government agency with responsibility in this area.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (378 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533073170
    Language: English
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  • 81
    Keywords: MATLAB ; communications
    Description / Table of Contents: The purpose of this book is to present 10 scientific and engineering works whose numerical and graphical analysis were all constructed using the power of MATLAB® tools. The first five chapters of this book show applications in seismology, meteorology and natural environment. Chapters 6 and 7 focus on modeling and simulation of Water Distribution Networks. Simulation was also applied to study wide area protection for interconnected power grids (Chapter 8) and performance of conical antennas (Chapter 9). The last chapter deals with depth positioning of underwater robot vehicles. Therefore, this book is a collection of interesting examples of where this computational package can be applied.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533076591
    Language: English
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  • 82
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: air pollution
    Description / Table of Contents: The book addresses the subjects related to the selected aspects of pollutants emission, monitoring and their effects. The most of recent publications concentrated on the review of the pollutants emissions from industry, especially power sector. In this one emissions from opencast mining and transport are addressed as well. Beside of SOx and NOx emissions, small particles and other pollutants (e.g. VOC, ammonia) have adverse effect on environment and human being. The natural emissions (e.g. from volcanoes) has contribution to the pollutants concentration and atmospheric chemistry governs speciation of pollutants, as in the case of secondary acidification. The methods of ambient air pollution monitoring based on modern instrumentation allow the verification of dispersion models and balancing of mass emissions. The comfort of everyday human's activity is influenced by indoor and public transport vehicles interior air contamination, which is effected even by the professional appliances operation. The outdoor pollution leads to cultural heritage objects deterioration, the mechanism are studied and the methods of rehabilitation developed. However to prevent emissions the new technologies are being developed, the new class of these technologies are plasma processes, which are briefly reviewed at the final part of the book.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533075266
    Language: English
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  • 83
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: oceanography ; atmospheric sciences ; air pollution ; air quality
    Description / Table of Contents: Air pollution has been a major transboundary problem and a matter of global concern for decades. High concentrations of different air pollutants are particularly harmful to large cities residents, where numerous anthropogenic activities strongly influence the quality of air. Although there are many books on the subject, the one in front of you will hopefully fulfill some of the gaps in the area of air quality monitoring and modeling, and be of help to graduate students, professionals and researchers. The book is divided in five sections, dealing with mathematical models and computing techniques used in air pollution monitoring and forecasting; air pollution models and application; measuring methodologies in air pollution monitoring and control; experimental data on urban air pollution in China, Egypt, Northeastern U.S, Brazil and Romania; and finally, the health effects due to exposure to benzene, and on the influence of air pollutants on the acute respiratory diseases in children in Mexico.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533073071
    Language: English
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  • 84
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    Keywords: MATLAB ; communications
    Description / Table of Contents: A well-known statement says that the PID controller is the "bread and butter" of the control engineer. This is indeed true, from a scientific standpoint. However, nowadays, in the era of computer science, when the paper and pencil have been replaced by the keyboard and the display of computers, one may equally say that MATLAB is the "bread" in the above statement. MATLAB has became a de facto tool for the modern system engineer. This book is written for both engineering students, as well as for practicing engineers. The wide range of applications in which MATLAB is the working framework, shows that it is a powerful, comprehensive and easy-to-use environment for performing technical computations. The book includes various excellent applications in which MATLAB is employed: from pure algebraic computations to data acquisition in real-life experiments, from control strategies to image processing algorithms, from graphical user interface design for educational purposes to Simulink embedded systems.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (564 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533079073
    Language: English
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  • 85
    Keywords: oceanography ; atmospheric sciences ; air pollution ; emission
    Description / Table of Contents: The atmosphere may be our most precious resource. Accordingly, the balance between its use and protection is a high priority for our civilization. While many of us would consider air pollution to be an issue that the modern world has resolved to a greater extent, it still appears to have considerable influence on the global environment. In many countries with ambitious economic growth targets the acceptable levels of air pollution have been transgressed. Serious respiratory disease related problems have been identified with both indoor and outdoor pollution throughout the world. The 25 chapters of this book deal with several air pollution issues grouped into the following sections: a) air pollution chemistry; b) air pollutant emission control; c) radioactive pollution and d) indoor air quality.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (680 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533073163
    Language: English
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  • 86
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: MATLAB ; communications
    Description / Table of Contents: The book consists of 24 chapters illustrating a wide range of areas where MATLAB tools are applied. These areas include mathematics, physics, chemistry and chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, biological (molecular biology) and medical sciences, communication and control systems, digital signal, image and video processing, system modeling and simulation. Many interesting problems have been included throughout the book, and its contents will be beneficial for students and professionals in wide areas of interest.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (510 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077086
    Language: English
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  • 87
    Keywords: MATLAB ; communications
    Description / Table of Contents: The book presents several approaches in the key areas of practice for which the MATLAB software package was used. Topics covered include applications for: -Motors -Power systems -Robots -Vehicles The rapid development of technology impacts all areas. Authors of the book chapters, who are experts in their field, present interesting solutions of their work. The book will familiarize the readers with the solutions and enable the readers to enlarge them by their own research. It will be of great interest to control and electrical engineers and students in the fields of research the book covers.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (512 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533079141
    Language: English
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  • 88
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: MATLAB ; communications
    Description / Table of Contents: MATLAB is a software package used primarily in the field of engineering for signal processing, numerical data analysis, modeling, programming, simulation, and computer graphic visualization. In the last few years, it has become widely accepted as an efficient tool, and, therefore, its use has significantly increased in scientific communities and academic institutions. This book consists of 20 chapters presenting research works using MATLAB tools. Chapters include techniques for programming and developing Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs), dynamic systems, electric machines, signal and image processing, power electronics, mixed signal circuits, genetic programming, digital watermarking, control systems, time-series regression modeling, and artificial neural networks.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (480 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533076560
    Language: English
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  • 89
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: oceanography ; atmospheric sciences ; air pollution ; air quality ; environmental engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: Air pollution is about five decades or so old field and continues to be a global concern. Therefore, the governments around the world are involved in managing air quality in their countries for the welfare of their citizens. The management of air pollution involves understanding air pollution sources, monitoring of contaminants, modeling air quality, performing laboratory experiments, the use of satellite images for quantifying air quality levels, indoor air pollution, and elimination of contaminants through control. Research activities are being performed on every aspect of air pollution throughout the world, in order to respond to public concerns. The book is grouped in five different sections. Some topics are more detailed than others. The readers should be aware that multi-authored books have difficulty maintaining consistency. A reader will find, however, that each chapter is intellectually stimulating. Our goal was to provide current information and present a reasonable analysis of air quality data compiled by knowledgeable professionals in the field of air pollution.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (382 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533071312
    Language: English
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  • 90
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: oceanography ; atmospheric sciences ; air pollution ; air quality ; environmental engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: Although the climate of the Earth is continually changing from the very beginning, anthropogenic effects, the pollution of the air by combustion and industrial activities make it change so quickly that the adaptation is very difficult for all living organisms. Researcher's role is to make this adaptation easier, to prepare humankind to the new circumstances and challenges, to trace and predict the effects and, if possible, even decrease the harmfulness of these changes. In this book we provide an interdisciplinary collection of new studies and findings on the score of air pollution.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (370 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533071435
    Language: English
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  • 91
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    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: MATLAB ; communications
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is a collection of 19 excellent works presenting different applications of several MATLAB tools that can be used for educational, scientific and engineering purposes. Chapters include tips and tricks for programming and developing Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs), power system analysis, control systems design, system modelling and simulations, parallel processing, optimization, signal and image processing, finite different solutions, geosciences and portfolio insurance. Thus, readers from a range of professional fields will benefit from its content.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (426 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533071251
    Language: English
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