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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology  (24)
  • 04.06. Seismology  (20)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring  (17)
  • Creep observations and analysis
  • Elsevier Science Limited  (21)
  • Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia  (18)
  • Nature PG  (11)
  • Wiley  (8)
  • EGU - Copernicus
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1
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    Statistical moments of power spectrum: a fast tool for the classification of seismic events recorded on volcanoes (2021)
    EGU - Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-22
    Description: Spectral analysis has been applied to almost thou-sand seismic events recorded at Vesuvius volcano (Naples,southern Italy) in 2018 with the aim to test a new tool fora fast event classification. We computed two spectral pa-rameters, central frequency and shape factor, from the spec-tral moments of order 0, 1, and 2, for each event at sevenseismic stations taking the mean among the three compo-nents of ground motion. The analyzed events consist ofvolcano-tectonic earthquakes, low frequency events and un-classified events (landslides, rockfall, thunders, quarry blasts,etc.). Most of them are of low magnitude, and/or low maxi-mum signal amplitude, therefore the signal to noise ratio isvery different between the low noise summit stations andthe higher noise stations installed at low elevation aroundthe volcano. The results of our analysis show that volcano-tectonic earthquakes and low frequency events are easily dis-tinguishable through the spectral moments values, particu-larly at seismic stations closer to the epicenter. On the con-trary, unclassified events show the spectral parameters valuesdistributed in a broad range which overlap both the volcano-tectonic earthquakes and the low frequency events. Since thecomputation of spectral parameters is extremely easy and fastfor a detected event, it may become an effective tool for eventclassification in observatory practice.
    Description: Published
    Description: 67–74
    Description: 1SR TERREMOTI - Sorveglianza Sismica e Allerta Tsunami
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Vesuvius ; Spectral Analisys ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Il terremoto di Palermo del 6 settembre 2002: effetti macrosismici (2012)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: On September 6, 2002, at 01:21 GMT, the western part of the Tyrrhenian coast of Sicily was hit by an earthquake of magnitude ML = 5.6, representing the mainshock of a seismic sequence of roughly 500 earthquakes recorded in about one month. The event, although characterized by a moderate magnitude and located some forty kilometres offshore, produced relevant macroseismic effects in the Palermo area. A macroseismic survey was carried out soon after the earthquake with the aim of defining, for Civil Protection purposes, the damage scenario over a territory which is densely urbanised. In all, 134 localities were investigated. Damage generally depended on the high vulnerability of the buildings both for problems related to the old age - as is the case of the Palermo historical centre - and for peculiar unfavourable conditions due to site effects, particularly in some quarters of the city and in the nearby locality of Ficarazzi. Damage to masonry consisted of falling plaster, failure of corner walls, diagonal cracks in walls and widening of previous fissures. Some degraded buildings, almost abandoned and with evident lack of maintenance, suffered partial structural failure of roofs and floors. As regards reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings, several edifices with 5-10 storeys suffered cracks in partitions and infill walls, sometimes with failure of these elements, and falling plaster. Fine cracks in beams of frames have also been observed, but without determining significant structural problems. In general, damage affects the lowest storeys of the RC frame buildings. According to the European Macroseismic Scale 1998, the maximum value of intensity, 6, was assigned to Palermo and Ficarazzi. The earthquake has also provoked effects on natural surroundings. Two types of phenomena have been detected: (i) hydrological effects and (ii) slope instability processes. The most relevant was the landslide which occurred near the village of Cerda, 60 km from the epicentre.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-15
    Description: 1.11. TTC - Osservazioni e monitoraggio macrosismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Palermo ; terremoto 2002 ; macrosismica ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Stress releasemodel and proxy measures of earthquake size. Application to Italian seismogenic sources (2016)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: This study presents a series of self-correcting models that are obtained by integrating information about seismicity and fault sources in Italy. Four versions of the stress release model are analyzed, in which the evolution of the system over time is represented by the level of strain, moment, seismic energy, or energy scaled by the moment. We carry out the analysis on a regional basis by subdividing the study area into eight tectonically coherent regions. In each region, we reconstruct the seismic history and statistically evaluate the completeness of the resulting seismic catalog. Following the Bayesian paradigm, we apply Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to obtain parameter estimates and a measure of their uncertainty expressed by the simulated posterior distribution. The comparison of the four models through the Bayes factor and an information criterion provides evidence (to different degrees depending on the region) in favor of the stress release model based on the energy and the scaled energy. Therefore, among the quantities considered, this turns out to be the measure of the size of an earthquake to use in stress release models. At any instant, the time to the next event turns out to follow a Gompertz distribution, with a shape parameter that depends on time through the value of the conditional intensity at that instant. In light of this result, the issue of forecasting is tackled through both retrospective and prospective approaches. Retrospectively, the forecasting procedure is carried out on the occurrence times of the events recorded in each region, to determine whether the stress release model reproduces the observations used in the estimation procedure. Prospectively, the estimates of the time to the next event are compared with the dates of the earthquakes that occurred after the end of the learning catalog, in the 2003–2012 decade.
    Description: Italian Dipartimento della Protezione Civile in the framework of the 2007–2009 Agreement with Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), project S1: Analysis of the seismic potential in Italy for the evaluation of the seismic hazard.
    Description: Published
    Description: 147-168
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: point process ; probabilistic forecasting ; interevent time distribution ; seismogenic sources ; Bayesian inference ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Terremoti con effetti macrosismici in Sicilia orientale nel periodo Gennaio 2002 - Dicembre 2005 (2007)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-20
    Description: Il presente lavoro è costituito dalla raccolta sistematica delle indagini macrosismiche eseguite in occasione dei terremoti più energetici verificatisi in Sicilia orientale dal Gennaio 2002 al Dicembre 2005. Esso rappresenta l’estensione, agli anni più recenti, della compilazione effettuata per il periodo 1999-2001 [Azzaro et al., 2002], e più in generale è inserita nel contesto delle attività di pronto intervento macrosismico effettuate regolarmente in ambito regionale dal 1988. L’esecuzione di rilievi in occasione di eventi sismici significativi è una prassi ormai consolidata nelle attività di monitoraggio dell’INGV, che recentemente ha istituito a tal fine il gruppo di lavoro denominato QUEST (QUick Earthquake Survey Team, DP n° 44 del 25/02/2004). I dati raccolti assolvono ad una duplice funzione: 1) nell’immediatezza di un evento sismico, a definire il quadro degli effetti a supporto degli interventi di Protezione Civile e della Comunità Scientifica; 2) a risolvere lacune e problemi interpretativi dei terremoti del passato attraverso il confronto con gli effetti macrosismici degli eventi attuali. La raccolta sistematica di dati macrosismici anche nel caso di eventi di bassa magnitudo, che interessano estensioni areali limitate come quelle etnee, è comunque importante per l’implementazione di banche dati e cataloghi macrosismici sia a livello locale che nazionale. Nel primo caso è stato aggiornato il catalogo macrosismico dei terremoti etnei [Azzaro et al., 2000], recentemente reso disponibile anche su Internet. Nel secondo caso, la più recente versione del catalogo parametrico dei terremoti italiani [Gruppo di Lavoro CPTI, 2004] utilizzata per la redazione della nuova mappa di pericolosità sismica del territorio nazionale (Ordinanza PCM 3274 del 20/03/2003), incorpora i dati dei terremoti siciliani al di sopra della soglia del danno pubblicati in Azzaro et al. [2002, 2003]. I rilievi macrosismici di seguito riportati sono relativi a tutti i terremoti oltre la soglia del danno verificatisi nel periodo considerato, ovvero a quegli eventi che sono stati avvertiti in modo significativo dalla popolazione (Figura 1). In larga parte si tratta di eventi di area etnea che, soprattutto nel corso del 2002, hanno provocato effetti macrosismici di rilievo. Tra i terremoti regionali riportati, non è incluso il terremoto di Palermo del 2002 per il quale è disponibile uno studio specifico [Azzaro et al., 2003].
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-62
    Description: 1.11. TTC - Osservazioni e monitoraggio macrosismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: NONE ; Sicilia ; terremoti ; macrosismica ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 4332185 bytes
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  • 5
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    Images of ancient Calabrian-Sicilian earthquakes from a stereoscopic viewer of the early 20th century. The ethics behind a natural disaster photo-gallery (2021)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: This research was inspired by an old stereoscopic viewer from the early 1900s, containing 42 glass slides depicting scenes from two Italian earthquakes that struck Southern Calabria and Eastern Sicily in the years 1894 and 1905, causing hundreds of deaths, but whose memory was blurred by the subsequent, great earthquake of the Messina Straits of December 28, 1908. The sequence of three-dimensional images shown by the viewer gave a deep and realistic visual impact to scenes of collapses, debris, and victims, arousing feelings of dismay. In this work, we describe the viewer apparatus; the places depicted in the stereoscopic plates, and the seismic phenomena that caused the disasters. But above all, we investigate the social and cultural aims that pushed to show the effects of local earthquakes through this kind of primitive multimedia mechanism. We exclude that the viewer, with its photographic equipment, was merely an instrument of entertainment. We rather assume that it carried out an educational task. The repetition of the sequence of tragic images of earthquakes through the stereoscopic viewer had the purpose of contributing to give awareness of the looming seismic risk and to accept rationally those recurring disasters.
    Description: Published
    Description: Se104
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Stereoscopic Viewer ; Calabrian-Sicilian Earthquakes ; Observational Seismology ; Seismic-Risk ; Geo-Education ; Geoethics ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Reconstructing the Vulcano Island evolution from 3D modeling of magnetic signatures (2017)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-09
    Description: High-resolution ground and marine magnetic data are exploited for a detailed definition of a 3D model of the Vulcano Island volcanic complex. The resulting 3D magnetic imaging, obtained by 3-D inverse modeling technique, has delivered useful constraints both to reconstruct the Vulcano Island evolution and to be used as input data for volcanic hazard assessment models. Our results constrained the depth and geometry of the main geo-structural features revealing more subsurface volcanic structures than exposed ones and allowing to elucidate the relationships between them. The recognition of two different magnetization sectors, approximatively coincident with the structural depressions of Piano caldera, in the southern half of the island, and La Fossa caldera at the north, suggests a complex structural and volcanic evolution.Magnetic highs identified across the southern half of the island reflect the main crystallized feeding systems, intrusions and buried vents, whose NNW–SSE preferential alignment highlights the role of the NNW–SSE Tindari–Letojanni regional system from the initial activity of the submarine edifice, to the more recent activity of the Vulcano complex. The low magnetization area, in the middle part of the islandmay result fromhydrothermally altered rocks. Their presence not only in the central part of the volcano edifice but also in other peripheral areas, is a sign of a more diffuse historical hydrothermal activity than in present days. Moreover, the high magnetization heterogeneity within the upper flanks of La Fossa cone edifice is an imprint of a composite distribution of unaltered and altered rocks with different mechanical properties, which poses in this area a high risk level for failure processes especially during volcanic or hydrothermal crisis.
    Description: Published
    Description: 40-49
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Vulcano Island ; 3D inverse model ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Terremoti con effetti macrosismici in Sicilia orientale Calabria meridionale nel periodo Gennaio 1999 - Dicembre 2001 (2012)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: Il presente lavoro è costituito dalla raccolta sistematica delle indagini macrosismiche eseguite in occasione dei terremoti di maggior rilievo verificatisi in Sicilia orientale e Calabria meridionale dal Gennaio 1999 al Gennaio 2001. I rilievi precedenti al Settembre 1999 sono stati effettuati nell’ambito delle attività del Gruppo Nazionale per la Difesa dai Terremoti, svolte presso l’Istituto Internazionale di Vulcanologia – CNR di Catania. Successivamente a tale data le indagini macrosismiche hanno costituito parte integrante delle attività di monitoraggio del Sistema Poseidon. Entrambi gli enti adesso costituiscono la sezione di Catania dell’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-59
    Description: 1.11. TTC - Osservazioni e monitoraggio macrosismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Sicilia ; terremoti ; macrosismica ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Approaching the seismogenic source of the Calabria 8 September 1905 earthquake: New geophysical, geological and biochemical data from the S. Eufemia Gulf (S Italy) (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-07
    Description: Recognizing the seismogenic source of major historical earthquakes, particularly when these have occurred offshore, is a long-standing issue across the Mediterranean Sea and elsewhere. The destructive earthquake (M ~7) that struck western Calabria (southern Italy) on the night of 8 September 1905 is one such case. having various authors proposed a seismogenic source, with apparently diverse hypotheses and without achieving a unique solution. To gain novel insight into the crustal volume where the 1905 earthquake took place and to seek a more robust solution for the seismogenic source associated with this destructive event, we carried out a well-targeted multidisciplinary survey within the Gulf of S. Eufemia (SE Tyrrhenian Sea), collecting geophysical data, oceanographic measurements, and biological, chemical and sedimentary samples. We identified three main tectonic features affecting the sedimentary basin in the Gulf of S. Eufemia: 1) a NE-SW striking, ca. 13-km-long, normal fault, here named S. Eufemia Fault; 2) a WNW-striking polyphased fault system; and 3) a likely E-W trending lineament. Among these, the normal fault shows evidence of activity witnessed by the deformed recent sediments and by its seabed rupture along which, locally, fluid leakage occurs. Features in agreement with the anomalous distribution of prokaryotic abundance and biopolymeric C content, resulted from the shallow sediments analyses. The numerous seismogenic sources proposed in the literature during the past 15 years make up a composite framework of this sector of western Calabria, that we tested against a) the geological evidence from the newly acquired dataset, and b) the regional seismotectonic models. Such assessment allows us to propose the NE-SW striking normal fault as the most probable candidate for the seismogenic source of the 1905 earthquake. Re-appraising a major historical earthquake as the 1905 one enhances the seismotectonic picture of western Calabria. Further understanding of the region and better constraining the location of the seismogenic source may be attained through integrated interpretation of our data together with a) on-land field evidence, and b) seismological modeling.
    Description: Published
    Description: 62-75
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismogenic source ; earthquake ; seismotectonics ; prokaryotes ; Calabrian Arc ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Miocene thrusting in the eastern Sila Massif: Implication for the evolution of the Calabria-Peloritani orogenic wedge (southern Italy) (2012)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-20
    Description: Alpine orogens in the central Mediterranean region have revealed the concomitance of crustal extension in back-arc domain and crustal shortening in frontal domain. Quantitative data of deformation in the frontal orogenic wedges are necessary to understand how the shortening-extension pair evolves in terms of structures, orogenic transport, timing, and exhumation rate. This paper deals with kinematics and ages of the frontal thrust systems of the Calabria-Peloritani Arc (Italy) exposed in the eastern Sila Massif. We first present structural fieldwork, onshore and offshore well log data, and new apatite fission-track (AFT) thermochronology. Then, we describe the structural architecture of the studied area as an ENE-verging stacking of thrust sheets involving basement units and syn-orogenic sediments. The AFT study documents that thrust sheets entered the partial annealing zone from 18 Ma to 13 Ma. This Early-Middle Miocene thrusting phase was coeval with exhumation of high-pressure/low temperature metamorphic rocks in the hinterland of the orogen (Coastal Chain area), mainly driven by top-to-the-W extensional tectonics. Opposite kinematic shear senses (contractional top-to-the-E and extensional top-to-the-W) and different exhumation rates (slow in the frontal, more rapid in the hinterland) are framed in a tectonic scenario of a critically tapered orogenic wedge during the eastward retreating of the Apennine slab.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105-119
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: AFT thermochronology ; orogenic wedge ; Calabria-Peloritani Arc ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Style of faulting of expected earthquakes in Italy as an input for seismic hazard modeling (2020)
    EGU - Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-18
    Description: Tectonic styles and distributions of nodal planes are an essential input for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. As a part of a recent elaboration of a new seismic hazard model for Italy, we adopted a cascade criteria approach to parametrize the tectonic style of expected earthquake ruptures and their uncertainty in an area-based seismicity model. Using available or recomputed seismic moment tensors for relevant seismic events (Mw starting from 4.5), first arrival focal mechanisms for less recent earthquakes, and also geological data on past activated faults, we collected a database for the last ~ 100 yrs gathering a thousand of data all over the Italian peninsula and regions around it. The adopted procedure consists, in each seismic zone, of separating the available seismic moment tensors in the three main tectonic styles, making summation within each group, identifying possible nodal plane(s) taking into account the different percentages of tectonic styles and including, where necessary, total or partial random source contributions. Referring to the used area source model, for several seismic zones we obtained robust results, e.g. along the southern Apennines we expect future earthquakes to be mostly extensional, although in the outer part of the chain strike-slip events are possible. In the Northern part of the Apennines we also expect different tectonic styles for different hypocentral depths. In zones characterized by a low seismic moment release, the possible tectonic style of future earthquakes is less clear and it has been represented using different combination (total or partial) of random sources.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3577–3592
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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