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  • thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence  (101)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
  • Physics
  • IntechOpen  (121)
  • Logos Verlag Berlin  (37)
  • INGV  (25)
  • EDP SCIENCES  (10)
Collection
Keywords
Language
Years
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Physics
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: French
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  • 2
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    EDP SCIENCES
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: Mathematics;Physics
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics
    Language: French
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Physics
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: French
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  • 4
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    EDP SCIENCES
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Physics
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: French
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  • 5
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    EDP SCIENCES
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Physics
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: French
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  • 6
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    EDP SCIENCES
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Physics
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: French
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Physics
    Keywords: Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: French
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  • 8
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    EDP SCIENCES
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Physics
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: French
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  • 9
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    EDP SCIENCES
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Physics
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: French
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  • 10
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    EDP SCIENCES
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Physics
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: French
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  • 11
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: In this edition of Genetic Algorithms - Theory, Design and Programming, we present a series of scientific contributions that delve into the intricate theoretical foundations and practical nuances of genetic algorithms (GAs). Beyond the academic realm, GAs have demonstrated profound applications in societal decision-making and engineering optimization, showcased through real-world examples and case studies. A dedicated section on programming principles offers a thorough guide for implementing GAs across diverse languages. This edition, tailored for researchers and academics, serves as a testament to the scientific advancements within the field, inviting readers to explore the nuanced journey from theoretical constructs to pragmatic applications in the dynamic landscape of GAs.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Laser materials processing has made tremendous progress and is now at the forefront of medical and industrial applications. The book describes recent advances in terahertz and ultrafast laser applications. Chapter address such topics as terahertz quantum cascade lasers, femtosecond lasers in ophthalmology, laser surface texturing, and laser ablation.
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHJ Optical physics::PHJL Laser physics
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Ontology is a formal characteristic and an entity of perception and concept. The characteristic of an ontology is the formal description of a set of terms and the relationships between them, which is obtained with a special language and in a file that can be understood by computers. Ontologies could be employed in several domains, such as global semantic networks, search engines, electronic commerce, natural language processing, knowledge engineering, information extraction and retrieval, multi-agent systems, qualitative modeling of physical systems, database design, information systems, and geographic and digital libraries. This book presents the latest advances and new visions in the field of ontology in information science.
    Keywords: climate change ; security ; complex system ; protection ; scalability ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Worldwide interest in nuclear reactors continues to increase and significant focus has been placed on advanced nuclear reactors intended to produce electricity and process heat. However, there is limited literature on the importance of research reactors and certain specialized reactor analysis topics. Thus, this book addresses these topics over three sections: “Nuclear Reactors for Spacecraft Propulsion”, “Research Reactors”, and “Select Reactor Analysis Techniques”. It provides detailed information on the use of nuclear reactors for spacecraft propulsion, presents research conducted on reactors in Idaho, USA, and discusses reactor analysis topics such as cyber-informed engineering for nuclear reactor digital instrumentation and control, the effect of plenum gas on fuel temperature, and more.
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Due to their very low volatility, high thermal stability, and ability to dissolve a wide variety of compounds, ionic liquids appear to meet the rigorous criteria for industrial applications. Among other uses, ionic liquids appear to be efficient for gas capture, biomass pretreatment, separation problems, and electrochemistry. They are also used in electrolytes, as lubricants, catalysts, or as antistatic agents. This book discusses the various uses of ionic liquids. Chapters discuss such topics as the use of ionic liquids in batteries, new mono, di, and trimeric imidazolium and pyridinium ionic liquids as catalysts in organic chemistry, the physico-chemical properties of ionic liquid-substituted double-network gels for industrial applications, the use of paramagnetic ionic liquids in magnetic resonance imaging, the compatibility of filter materials used with ionic liquids, and the development of low-friction ion gels for industrial applications.
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHF Materials / States of matter::PHFC Condensed matter physics (liquid state and solid state physics)
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is widely known as a knowledge field that aims to make computers, robots, or products that mimic the way humans think. In the current scientific community, AI is an intensively studied area composed of multiple branches. Historically, machine learning and optimization are two of the most studied fronts thanks to the development of novel and challenging research topics such as transfer optimization, swarm robotics, and drift detection and adaptation to evolving conditions in real-time. This book collects radically new theoretical insights, reporting recent developments and evincing innovative applications regarding AI methods in all fields of knowledge. It also presents works focused on new paradigms and novel branches of AI science.
    Keywords: deep learning, ai, feature extraction, condition monitoring, innovation, power quality ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The solution to many real-world problems lies in optimizing processes, parameters, or techniques, which requires dealing with immense search spaces. As such, finding solutions involves exhaustive methods to evaluate all possible solutions in the search for a global optimum. Some of these methods include evolutionary algorithms and genetic algorithms, both of which have proven to effectively deal with complex search spaces. This book focuses on genetic algorithms and their applications in various fields, including engineering and architecture.
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Optimisation is one of the unavoidable key subjects in engineering and other real-world problems, which attracts researchers’ and practitioners’ attention for decades. On the other hand, computational algorithms nowadays play a definitive role in most real-life applications, from mobile phones to supercomputers, Internet servers, manufacturing, etc. An intelligent method for the enumeration of feasible solutions may lead to efficient computational algorithms. Swarm intelligence emerges as a rather new and novel of field computational intelligence that turned into a hot spot in optimization studies last two decades. This book brings together a number of research articles within the intersection of these two prominent subjects, which introduces techniques and approaches in detail and demonstrates how optimisation problems can be solved with heuristic and swarm intelligence approaches. It contains a few contributions on Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) area, which is one of renown swarm optimisation approaches that will shed light to issues around optimisation with swarm intelligence to guide junior researchers with implementation details provided.
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This book provides well-balanced coverage of computational fluid dynamics analysis for thermal and flow characteristics of various thermal and flow systems. It presents the latest research work to provide insight into modern thermal engineering applications. It also discusses enhanced heat transfer and flow characteristics.
    Keywords: Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDF Fluid mechanics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDF Physics: Fluid mechanics
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Artificial intelligence (AI) is taking an increasingly important role in our society. From cars, smartphones, airplanes, consumer applications, and even medical equipment, the impact of AI is changing the world around us. The ability of machines to demonstrate advanced cognitive skills in taking decisions, learn and perceive the environment, predict certain behavior, and process written or spoken languages, among other skills, makes this discipline of paramount importance in today's world. Although AI is changing the world for the better in many applications, it also comes with its challenges. This book encompasses many applications as well as new techniques, challenges, and opportunities in this fascinating area.
    Keywords: deep learning, machine learning, optimization, cardiovascular disease, virtual reality, iot ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 21
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Next-generation energy sources are crucial for combating the world’s energy crisis. One such alternative energy source is thermoelectricity, which is cost-efficient and environmentally friendly. This book presents a comprehensive overview of the progress made in thermoelectrics over the past few years with a focus on charge and heat carrier transport from both theoretical and experimental viewpoints. It also presents new strategies to improve thermoelectricity and discusses device physics and applications to guide the research community.
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHF Materials / States of matter::PHFC Condensed matter physics (liquid state and solid state physics)
    Language: English
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  • 22
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The exotic electromagnetic properties of liquid crystals can be harnessed for many technological applications in general, and in the photonics industries in particular. In addition, the varying molecular structures of crystals make them prudent for chemical industries as well. Liquid Crystals presents the basics of liquid crystals as well as discusses their applications in optics and field sensing. The book also discusses the interfacing of liquid crystal displays and the programming required for these displays.
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHF Materials / States of matter::PHFC Condensed matter physics (liquid state and solid state physics)
    Language: English
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  • 23
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This book examines the fundamental research and application of droplet dynamics. It includes six chapters in four sections. Section 1 introduces the concepts of droplet dynamics in powertrain systems. Section 2 reviews the optical methods for investigations in droplet dynamics. Section 3 examines the fundamental research on liquid droplet behaviors, such as droplet impact in internal combustion engines and the movement of liquid droplets in atmospheric pressure plasmas. Finally, Section 4 deals with the application of droplet behaviors not only in spray and combustion but also in bioinspired smart surfaces. The information contained herein is useful for engineers and students looking to broaden their knowledge of droplet behaviors and dynamics, especially for their development and application in low-carbon engines.
    Keywords: Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDF Fluid mechanics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDF Physics: Fluid mechanics
    Language: English
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  • 24
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This book discusses vortex dynamics theory from physics, mathematics, and engineering perspectives. It includes nine chapters that cover a variety of research results related to vortex dynamics including nonlinear optics, fluid dynamics, and plasma physics.
    Keywords: Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDF Fluid mechanics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDF Physics: Fluid mechanics
    Language: English
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  • 25
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Artificial intelligence (AI) has attracted the attention of many and is taking an increasingly crucial role in our modern society. AI machines demonstrate advanced cognitive skills in making decisions, learning, perceiving the environment, predicting certain behavior, and processing written or spoken languages, among other skills. In tandem with AI, “swarm intelligence” is being used to solve complex problems that are beyond the reasoning and problem-solving abilities of humans. This book discusses both AI and swarm intelligence, including their theoretical backgrounds and applications.
    Keywords: optimization ; particle swarm optimization ; deep learning ; artificial neural network ; genetic algorithm ; response surface methodology ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 26
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Fusion power may offer a long-term energy supply with an uninterrupted power delivery, a high power-generation density, and no greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to preventing the worst effects of climate change and making an enduring contribution to future energy supply. However, the intense conditions inside a fusion power plant (extreme temperatures and high magnetic fields necessary for nuclear fusion) call for addressing several potential problems. These include the development of new materials with extremely high heat tolerances and low enough vapor pressure and the design of mechanical structures that can withstand the electromagnetic force generated as well as feedback controllers to measure and counteract the unstable modes of evolution of the plasma, to name a few. The future of nuclear fusion as an efficient alternative energy source depends largely on techniques that enable us to control these instabilities. Mathematical modelling and physical experiments attempt to overcome some of the hindrances posed by these complexities. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in this fascinating and critically important field of pure and applied physics, mathematics, and engineering, presenting some of the most recent developments in theory, modelling, algorithms, experiments, and applications.
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
    Language: English
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  • 27
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This book integrates the practices of enthusiastic investigators in the field of MAS-based approaches, elaboration, and implementation. The content of the book identifies the most complicated tasks and their possible solutions while implementing MAS instrumentation into engineering practice. The proposed focus on the control problems involves a wide range of adjacent problems described in the chapters of the book. Material presented in the book aim to provide the basic knowledge for further MAS-systems study and control design to reach the goals and needs coming from engineering practice under often contradictory existing requirements.
    Keywords: autonomy, formation control, ant colony optimization, distributed system, functional analysis ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 28
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Holography of today is a broad field developed in the meeting between optics and the digital world of computers. A hologram usually contains more or different information on the observed scene than a regular image of the same scene. The development of the field has been accelerated lately due to the improvement of digital cameras, computers, light sources, and spatial light modulators. As a multidisciplinary area, holography connects experts in electro-optical engineering, image processing, and computer algorithms. More experts are needed when holography is utilized in various applications such as microscopy, industrial inspection, biomedicine, and entertainment. This book provides an overview of the world of holography from the aspect of concepts, system architectures, and applications.
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHJ Optical physics
    Language: English
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  • 29
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book provides a detailed overview of recent advances in the captivating world of quantum dots and outlines some possible imminent new directions for this important field. A variety of advanced techniques is rapidly developing in the application of quantum dots to solar photovoltaics, LEDs, quantum computing (qubits) and different biological spheres. The book presents, discusses and compares devices based on state-of-the-art structures, incipient material and new physical effects. Improved efficiency and reliability in these fields are already pointing the way to next-generation devices, especially in the nano regime. This book is addressed to students and scientists working in the field of quantum dots and progressive technologies.
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory)
    Language: English
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  • 30
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Electromagnetic waves within a terahertz frequency range are becoming critical to investigating molecules, materials, and possible applications that are operated by both visible light and infrared rays. This book discusses sensing, imaging, and optoelectronic technologies of terahertz electromagnetic waves in theory and experiments. Most terahertz technologies can be explained by fundamentals of applied physics that have been demonstrated in other spectral ranges. However, the optoelectronic technology and corresponding configurations of imaging and sensing techniques are so special for various terahertz material polarization waves, which are excited in solid-state media by high-peak power lasers and waveguide transportation. Thus, this book also specifies terahertz parameters and available technologies.
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHK Electricity, electromagnetism and magnetism
    Language: English
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  • 31
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: In the era globalisation the emerging technologies are governing engineering industries to a multifaceted state. The escalating complexity has demanded researchers to find the possible ways of easing the solution of the problems. This has motivated the researchers to grasp ideas from the nature and implant it in the engineering sciences. This way of thinking led to emergence of many biologically inspired algorithms that have proven to be efficient in handling the computationally complex problems with competence such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), etc. Motivated by the capability of the biologically inspired algorithms the present book on "Swarm Intelligence: Focus on Ant and Particle Swarm Optimization" aims to present recent developments and applications concerning optimization with swarm intelligence techniques. The papers selected for this book comprise a cross-section of topics that reflect a variety of perspectives and disciplinary backgrounds. In addition to the introduction of new concepts of swarm intelligence, this book also presented some selected representative case studies covering power plant maintenance scheduling; geotechnical engineering; design and machining tolerances; layout problems; manufacturing process plan; job-shop scheduling; structural design; environmental dispatching problems; wireless communication; water distribution systems; multi-plant supply chain; fault diagnosis of airplane engines; and process scheduling. I believe these 27 chapters presented in this book adequately reflect these topics.
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 32
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has attracted the attention of many researchers and users alike, and it has become increasingly crucial in our modern society. From cars, smartphones, airplanes, medical equipment, consumer applications, and industrial machines, among others, the impact of AI is notoriously changing the world we live in and making it better in many areas. However, it is equally important to remember that every progress comes with certain challenges that we as a society must address.
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 33
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The book on Ontology in Information Science explores a broad set of ideas and presents some of the state-of-the-art research in this field concisely in 12 chapters. This book provides researchers and practitioners working in the field of ontology and information science an opportunity to share their theories, methodologies, experiences, and experimental results related to ontology development and application in various areas. It also includes the design aspects of domain ontologies considering the architecture, development strategy, and selection of tools. The intended audience of this book will mainly consist of researchers, research students, and practitioners in the field of ontology and information science.
    Keywords: knowledge management, agriculture, big data, complex systems, project management, data management ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 34
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The development of new technologies based on artificial intelligence and computer vision, together with the possibility of connecting different devices together in real-time, has enabled the development and progress of intelligent video surveillance. Thanks to IoT technologies, high-resolution cameras can be networked to monitor their territory, collect recordings and have them analyzed by artificial intelligence systems trained to identify critical situations. This book discusses new achievements in intelligent video surveillance solutions and their future prospects.
    Keywords: face recognition ; machine learning ; remote sensing ; image processing ; security ; artificial intelligence (ai) ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 35
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Intelligent system is an advanced machine that can perceive, learn, and solve the problems with a great accuracy. Technologies with intelligent system are currently available in the market and used in real-world applications, i.e., self-driving cars, Siri, Alexa, Facebook, and so on. To exceed human cognitive capabilities, the important keys rely on the development of sensors and algorithms. Therefore, the insight into artificial intelligence (AI) methods becomes a fundamental building block for design and construction of intelligent system with particular applications. This book aims to describe the AI systems ranging from the basic knowledge, i.e., algorithm and mathematical models of AI techniques, fundamentals of machine learning, genetic algorithm, and fuzzy logic, to the current state-of-the-art applications, such as smart road and biomedical applications.
    Keywords: machine learning, artificial intelligence, breast cancer, data mining, neural network, dna ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 36
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book provides an overview of the principles and types of electron microscopes. It also describes the different practical applications of electron microscopes, ranging from particle analysis and materials characterization to industrial failure analysis and process control. Over eight chapters divided into two sections, this book gives readers a comprehensive and updated review of the latest advances in electron microscopy.
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics
    Language: English
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  • 37
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The nonlinear Schrödinger equation is a prototypical dispersive nonlinear partial differential equation that has been derived in many areas of physics and analyzed mathematically for many years. With this book, we aim to capture different perspectives of researchers on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation arising from theoretical, numerical, and experimental aspects. The eight chapters cover a variety of topics related to nonlinear optics, quantum mechanics, and physics. This book provides scientists, researchers, and engineers as well as graduate and post-graduate students working on or interested in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with an in-depth discussion of the latest advances in nonlinear optics and quantum physics.
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHU Mathematical physics
    Language: English
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  • 38
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The theoretical approach of this book is to develop a primary survey of the knowledge representation model, providing convergence of classical operations research and modern knowledge engineering. This convergence creates new opportunities for complicated problems of formalization and solution by integrating the best features of mathematical programming or constraint programming. This book explains in six chapters that expert systems are products in the field of computer science that attempt to perform as intelligent software. What is outstanding for expert systems is the applicability area and the solving of different problems in many fields or industrial branches.
    Keywords: digital economy, systems analysis, artificial intelligence, bayesian networks, programming ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 39
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Much research is being conducted to develop larger wind turbines, both onshore and offshore, to decarbonize electricity grid systems through the exploitation of wind power. This book presents advances and challenges in the design, manufacture, and operation of wind turbines. The main topics addressed include the basic aspects of wind turbine design, offshore wind industry and floating wind turbines, wind measurement and forecasting models, design and manufacturing of rotor blades, manufacture of power transmission bearings, and challenges in control strategies and computational aerodynamics.
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHK Electricity, electromagnetism and magnetism
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book presents a comprehensive overview of colorimetry and colorimetric analysis of dyes, pigments, paints, pharmaceuticals, and other products via spectrophotometric and spectroscopic analysis. Chapters address such topics as UV VIS spectroscopy, reflectance spectral analysis of colours, colour science in the paint industry, colouration of textiles for defence applications, and much more.
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics
    Language: English
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  • 41
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book presents a comprehensive overview of gravity and gravitational fields. The eight chapters are presented in two sections. Chapters in the first section address such topics as the theory of gravity, transient gravitational forces, the nature of our temporal universe, and photo-gravitational celestial mechanics. Chapters in the second section discuss how to create a gravity survey, analyze data collected by satellites and on the ground, and present visualizations of several field cases around the world.
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics::PHVG Geophysics
    Language: English
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  • 42
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Artificial intelligence (AI) is a potent buzzword and happening technology which has greatly impacted the lifestyle of every human being either directly or indirectly and is shaping the future of tomorrow. In fact, AI is fast becoming an intrinsic part of our daily life and is not confined to university research labs, even if remarkable progress has been made in this domain. The benefit of this phenomenon is widely recognized in diversified areas, ranging from medicine to security to consumer applications and business, and resulting in improvements in the quality of life of humankind. Every new disruptive technology has its own pros and cons and AI is no exception to this rule. Privacy, data protection, and the rights of individuals pose social and ethical challenges.
    Keywords: big data, environment, databases, social network, prediction ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Biometrics are widely used in various real-life applications, including personal recognition, identification, verification, and more. They may also be used for safety, security, permission, banking, crime prevention, forensics, medical applications, and communication. This book explores the latest developments, theories, methods, approaches, algorithms, analysis, systems, hardware, and software in biometrics and related systems.
    Keywords: Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 44
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The intermittent nature of solar energy sources is the greatest challenge to the broad acceptance of this technology. The storage of thermal energy presents a workable option for addressing this issue. When it comes to the storage of thermal energy, latent heat storage units (LHSU) that make use of phase change materials (PCMs) are more desirable than sensible heat storage. In the context of a large increase in the demand for energy, PCMs are an essential class of thermal energy storage materials that contribute to the sustainable growth of both the economy and society. It stores large amounts of heat in the form of latent heat at a constant temperature. This promising technique has already been applied with great success in a variety of applications like solar appliances, buildings, battery thermal management, electronic cooling, waste heat recovery systems, textiles, and more. This book presents an in-depth discussion on PCMs, the current state of PCM technology, and a detailed description of their prospective applications.
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHF Materials / States of matter::PHFC Condensed matter physics (liquid state and solid state physics)
    Language: English
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  • 45
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Rotating machines are some of the most widely used machines and their application in the field of new and renewable energy is an important development. This book presents recent research and discusses the technological development of rotating machines, including different types of wind, pump, and gas turbines. It also examines environmental impacts on rotating machines, particularly the effects of icing on the surface of wind turbine blades. It includes research on static and dynamic structural analysis, rotor aerodynamics characteristics, signal analysis, energy conversion, and exergy. It also presents the latest research on theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experiment technology for improving the performance and optimizing the structure of rotating machines.
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHK Electricity, electromagnetism and magnetism
    Language: English
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  • 46
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: While binaural technology applications gained in popularity in recent years, the majority of applications still use non-individual Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) from artificial heads. However, certain applications, for example research of spatial hearing or hearing attention, require an physically exact and realistic binaural signal. The limiting factor that prohibits the widespread use of individual HRTFs is the acquisition time of such data. This time requirement has recently been reduced by the use of parallelization in the measurement signal which lead to the development of fast measurement systems capable of acquiring individual and spatially dense HRTF. This thesis provides a objective and subjective evaluation of such a system that is designed with the goal of little disturbance of the measurements in mind. The construction is detailed, followed by both an objective and subjective evaluation. A detailed investigation into additional distortion of the sound field introduced by the system itself is presented and it is shown that the system performs comparably to a conventional system in terms of sound source localization. Furthermore, a method is introduced and evaluated to further reduce the measurement time by using continuous rotation during the measurement. This method is used to reduced the measurement duration from eight minutes to three minutes without audible differences.
    Keywords: Technology & Engineering ; Electronics ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 47
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Die Teilchenphysik als Teilgebiet der modernen Physik gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung im schulischen Physikunterricht. In dieser Arbeit wird erstmalig das von Lehrkräften benötigte Fachwissen zur Teilchenphysik modelliert, wobei Fachwissen als ein Teil des Professionswissens verstanden wird. Als Fachwissensdimensionen werden die Inhaltsbereiche und die Wissensarten in den Fokus genommen, für welche jeweils Subfacetten identifiziert und präzise beschrieben werden. Nach einem überblick über die wesentlichen Ideen der Teilchenphysik wird in der Arbeit die sukzessive Modellierung des Fachwissens im Rahmen einer qualitativ und quantitativ angelegten Delphi-Studie vorgestellt. In drei Befragungsrunden wurden zwischen 35 und 65 internationale Expertinnen und Experten aus der teilchenphysikbezogenen Forschung (Fachwissenschaft und Fachdidaktik) und öffentlichkeitsarbeit (u.a. Wissenschaftsjournalismus) sowie erfahrene Lehrkräfte zu den für das Fachwissen relevanten Themen der Teilchenphysik befragt. Empirische Analysen der Befragungsrunden ergaben, dass sich die Dimension Inhaltsbereiche im deklarativen Wissen aus zehn teilchenphysikalischen Themen (z.B. Teilchen in der Hochenergiephysik, die vier fundamentalen Wechselwirkungen) zusammensetzt, von welchen sechs als besonders relevant eingeschätzt wurden. Im Anschluss an die letzte Befragungsrunde wurde theoriegeleitet eine erste Modellierung der Inhaltsbereiche für die Wissensarten des prozeduralen und konditionalen Wissens vorgenommen.
    Keywords: Science ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 48
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Die in den vergangenen Jahren zahlreich entstandenen außerschulischen Lernorte an der deutschen Wattenmeerküste sind Ausdruck einer Differenzierung der dortigen Bildungslandschaft, in der schulisches durch non-formales Lernen im regionalen Kontext ergänzt wird. Die außerschulischen Lernorte zeichnet aus, dass sie ihren Besucherinnen und Besuchern Primärerfahrungen bieten, um die außergewöhnliche Dynamik und Sensitivität des Wattenmeeres zu verdeutlichen. Allerdings schöpfen die Lernorte ihr Potenzial für das außerschulische Physiklernen nicht aus, denn obwohl insbesondere Strömungen und Strukturbildungen (z. B. Rippel, Dünen und Priele) das Erscheinungsbild des Wattenmeers prägen und dessen Dynamik repräsentieren, werden in den Bildungsangeboten bisher fast ausschließlich biologische Inhalte behandelt. Deshalb ist physikdidaktische Forschungs- und Entwicklungsarbeit nötig, die durch eine Didaktische Rekonstruktion von Strömungen und Strukturbildungen geleistet wird. Hierzu gehört zunächst eine fachliche Klärung. Im Anschluss werden Lernendenvorstellungen untersucht, indem problemzentrierte Interviews entlang von Realexperimenten durchgeführt und einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse unterworfen werden. Auf Basis des Vergleichs zwischen fachlicher Sicht und Lernendensicht gilt es sodann, Bausteine für didaktische Strukturierungen zu entwickeln. Diese Bausteine werden schließlich eingesetzt, um gemeinsam mit den Lernortbetreibenden Bildungsangebote zu entwickeln, die auch physikalische Zusammenhänge zur Küstendynamik explizieren.
    Keywords: Science ; Earth Sciences ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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  • 49
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Problemlösen ist eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für das Handeln in allen Bereichen des Lebens: In einfachen Alltagssituationen, bei (natur-) wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen oder bei komplexeren gesellschaftlich relevanten Problemen spielt die Lösung von Problemen eine Rolle. Im Bereich der Physik werden insbesondere innerhalb des schulischen und universitären Kontextes Probleme bearbeitet. Die täglichen Erfahrungen des Lehrbetriebs an Hochschulen machen jedoch deutlich, dass Teile der Studierenden große Schwierigkeiten haben, Probleme erfolgreich zu lösen. Die Diskrepanz zwischen der Wichtigkeit des Problemlösens und den Schwierigkeiten, die Studierenden dabei haben, ist der Ausgangspunkt für die zentrale Fragestellung der vorliegenden Arbeit: Was unterscheidet "gute" von "schlechten" Problemlösern und welche Faktoren beeinflussen den Erfolg beim Problemlösen? Die Arbeit fokussiert hierbei auf Probleme aus dem Themenfeld der Mechanik. Mit Hilfe einer empirischen Untersuchung wird dazu beigetragen, bereits bekannte Erkenntnisse aus der traditionsreichen Forschung zum Problemlösen zu bestätigen, zu quantifizieren und zueinander in Beziehung zu setzen. Es werden sowohl quantitative als auch qualitative Eigenschaften "guter" und "schlechter" Problemlöser herausgearbeitet - gute Problemlöser können beispielsweise auf mehr Fachwissen zurückgreifen, besitzen ein höheres Selbstkonzept und machen weniger Planungsfehler beim Bearbeiten physikalischer Problemstellungen.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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  • 50
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Our world today is becoming increasingly complex, and technical devices are getting ever smaller and more powerful. The high density of electronic components together with high clock frequencies leads to unwanted side-effects like crosstalk, delayed signals and substrate noise, which are no longer negligible in chip design and can only insufficiently be represented by simple lumped circuit models. As a result, different physical phenomena have to be taken into consideration since they have an increasing influence on the signal propagation in integrated circuits. Computer-based simulation methods play thereby a key role. The modelling and analysis of complex multi-physics problems typically leads to coupled systems of partial differential equations and differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). Dynamic iteration and model order reduction are two numerical tools for efficient and fast simulation of coupled systems. Formodelling of low frequency electromagnetic field, we use magneto-quasistatic (MQS) systems which can be considered as an approximation to Maxwells equations. A spatial discretization by using the finite element method leads to a DAE system. We analyze the structural and physical properties of this system and develop passivity-preserving model reduction methods. A special block structure of the MQS model is exploited to to improve the performance of the model reduction algorithms.
    Keywords: Technology & Engineering ; Electronics ; Mathematics ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 51
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Experimentieren kann nicht nur dazu beitragen, fachinhaltliche Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen, sondern auch selbst Lerngegenstand sein. Wenig geklärt ist bisher, wie beim Experimentieren gelernt wird, worauf zu achten ist. Unklar ist auch, welche fachmethodischen Vorstellungen Lernende beim Planen, Durchführen und Auswerten aktivieren. Diesen Fragen wurde mithilfe einer schriftlichen Instruktion nachgegangen, die Lernende (Jg. 11) anregt, nicht nur Experimente durchzuführen, sondern auch über fachmethodische Grundlagen nachzudenken. Die Arbeitsphasen wurden für 42 Schülergruppen videografiert und kategorienbasiert ausgewertet, um Aussagen über Aktivitätsprofile, Vorstellungen und Kompetenzveränderungen zu generieren. Die Ergebnisse belegen die Komplexität von Lernprozessen und zeigen die Schwierigkeit, individuelle Kompetenzzuwächse auf bestimmte Prozesse zurückzuführen. Zum Beispiel konnten hohe Kompetenzzuwächse sowohl für Lernende mit häufigen fachmethodischen Beiträgen als auch für solche mit nur geringen fachmethodischen Aktivitäten festgestellt werden. Des Weiteren gehen experimentell angemessene Aktivitäten in erkennbaren Anteilen mit fachmethodisch unpassenden Vorstellungen einher, wie z.,B. bei einer korrekt vorgenommenen, aber falsch begründeten Trennung zwischen einer Beobachtung und einer Deutung. Die Arbeit liefert damit Hinweise, dass Lernende neben fachinhaltlichen auch fachmethodische Vorstellungen in den Unterricht mitbringen. Diese gilt es z.,B. durch explizite und wiederholte Thematisierung zu adressieren.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In einem Solarturmkraftwerk werden hunderte bis tausende Spiegel (sogenannte Heliostate) einzeln der Sonne nachgeführt, sodass das Sonnenlicht auf die Spitze eines Turmes konzentriert wird. Dort befindet sich der Receiver, der die Solarstrahlung absorbiert und an das Wärmeträgermedium weitergibt. Große thermische Energiespeicher erlauben die ganztägige Stromproduktion (auch Nachts). In aktuellen Solarturmkraftwerken kommen als Wärmeträger- und Speichermedium häufig flüssige Nitratsalze wie Solar Salt zum Einsatz. Aufgrund ihrer hohen Wärmekapazität und den geringen Kosten eignen sie sich sehr gut zur thermischen Energiespeicherung, jedoch bringen sie auch einige Nachteile mit sich. Flüssigmetalle weisen in vielen Punkten Vorteile gegenüber den Flüssigsalzen auf. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Eigenschaften von Flüssigmetallen detailliert analysiert und mit Solar Salt verglichen. Zur Bewertung werden die Jahreserträge bzw. die Stromgestehungskosten (LCOE) herangezogen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen ein Potenzial zur Reduktion der Stromgestehungskosten mit Flüssigmetallen um bis zu 16 % gegenüber dem Referenzsystem mit Solar Salt, ohne dabei den Kraftwerksblock und den thermischen Speicher zu verändern.
    Keywords: Technology & Engineering ; Construction ; Technology & Engineering ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In 2005, the hybrid model was published by Prof. H.-D. Alber and Prof. P. Zhu as an alternative to the Allen-Cahn model for the description of phase field transformations. With low interfacial energy, it is more efficient, since the resolution of the diffuse interface is numerically broader for the same solution accuracy and allows coarser meshing. The solutions of both models are associated with energy minimisation and in this work the error terms introduced in the earlier publications are discussed and documented using one and two dimensional numerical simulations. In the last part of this book, phase field problems, initially not coupled with material equations, are combined with linear elasticity and, after simple introductory examples, a growing martensitic inclusion is simulated and compared with literature data. In addition to the confirmed numerical advantage, another phenomenon not previously described in the literature is found: with the hybrid model, in contrast to the examples calculated with the Allen-Cahn model, an inclusion driven mainly by curvature energy does not disappear completely. The opposite problem prevents inclusions from growing from very small initial configurations, but this fact can be remedied by a very finely chosen diffuse interface width and by analysing and adjusting the terms that generate the modelling errors. The last example shows that the hybrid model can be used with numerical advantages despite the above mentioned peculiarities.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Mathematics ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Ein zentrales Ziel der fachdidaktischen Forschung stellt die Verbesserung schulischen Unterrichts dar. Eine Transferstrategie zur flächendeckenden Verbreitung wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse bildet die Bereitstellung evidenzbasierter, innovativer materialgestützter Unterrichtskonzeptionen. Allerdings fällt das Materialnutzungsverhalten von Lehrkräften individuell sehr unterschiedlich aus, wobei das Zusammenspiel verschiedener Einflussfaktoren auf die Materialnutzung bislang wenig erforscht ist. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es daher, dieses Wirkgefüge unter authentischen Bedingungen genauer zu untersuchen. Dazu wurde kriteriengeleitet eine evidenzbasierte, fachdidaktisch innovative Unterrichtskonzeption ausgewählt (das Münchener Unterrichtskonzept zur Quantenmechanik) und den teilnehmenden Lehrkräften fakultativ zur Verfügung gestellt. Mittels eines qualitativen Forschungsansatzes wurden elf Lehrkräfte bei der Implementierung des Konzepts durch ein Interview zu Beginn und am Ende einer Unterrichtsreihe zur Quantenmechanik sowie zwei Unterrichtsbeobachtungen mit je einem anschließenden stimulated recall begleitet. Aus den Ergebnissen folgt, dass die Probanden sich überwiegend heuristisch mit der Konzeption auseinandersetzten und lediglich Elemente auf Sichtstrukturebene implementierten. Das nachgewiesene Wirksamkeitspotential von evidenzbasierten, innovativen Unterrichtskonzeptionen scheint sich folglich lediglich unter bestimmten Bedingungsfaktoren zu entfalten.
    Keywords: Science ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: Die vorliegende Dissertation beschreibt den Entwicklungs- und Validierungsprozess eines neuen Testinstruments zur Erfassung von Lehrer-Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen in vier physikdidaktischen Handlungsfeldern (Umgang mit Aufgaben, Experimentieren, Elementarisieren, Umgang mit Schülervorstellungen), jeweils bezüglich der Dimensionen Planung und Durchführung von Physikunterricht. Die Instrumententwicklung erfolgt in hohem Maße theoriebasiert, indem unter anderem auf der Grundlage der sozial-kognitiven Theorie Banduras Regeln für die Itemkonstruktion abgeleitet werden, die außerdem eine kritische Analyse existierender Instrumente erlauben. Der mehrschrittige Validierungsprozess ist argumentbasiert angelegt. Im Rahmen einer Interviewstudie und einer Expertenbefragung werden vor allem inhaltliche Aspekte, wie z.B. die definitionskonforme Formulierung der Items, die Abdeckung des Handlungsfeldes oder die wahrgenommene Authentizität der Items, untersucht. Im Zuge der auf eine quantitative Auswertung angelegten Hauptstudie (N approx 1000) werden vor allem psychometrische Aspekte, wie die Eindimensionalität der Skalen oder die Passung des Antwortformates, in den Blick genommen. Zusammenfassend kann ein übergeordnetes Validitätsargument in Bezug auf die intendierte Testwertinterpretation formuliert werden. Weiterer Forschungsbedarf deutet sich unter anderem bezüglich der Unterscheidung der zwei genannten Dimensionen an.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: German
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  • 56
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: In Lehr-Lern-Labor Seminaren können Lehramtsstudierende ihr fachliches, didaktisches und pädagogisches Wissen aufgreifen und in komplexitätsreduzierten Handlungsumgebungen anwenden. Dabei erstellen sie Experimentierstationen, um anschließend in einer iterativen Praxis mehrmals Schülerinnen und Schüler an diesen Stationen zu betreuen. Grundlegend für dieses Vorgehen sind Reflexionsprozesse zwischen den Betreuungen. Inwieweit diese Reflexionsprozesse die Entwicklung der Professionellen Unterrichtswahrnehmung der Studierenden fördern, wurde mit dieser Arbeit untersucht. Als ergänzende Intervention wurden fragenbasierte Videoanalysen der eigenen Betreuungen in das Seminar implementiert. Die Regressionsanalysen zeigten, dass sich die Professionelle Unterrichtswahrnehmung der Studierenden durch die Teilnahme am Seminar verbesserte, wenn zusätzlich das eigene Vorgehen und das ihrer Kommilitonen anhand der erstellten Videos analysiert wurden. Ohne Videoanalyse konnte keine Veränderung festgestellt werden.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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  • 57
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Bei Schülerlaboren als wichtigem Teil außerschulischer MINT-Bildung besteht ein Forschungsdefizit hinsichtlich kognitiver und motivationaler Prozesse auf Seiten der Schülerinnen und Schüler. Mit einem Design-based Research Ansatz klärt die Studie deshalb die Dynamik der Lehr- und Lernprozesse in Schülerlaboren auf und erlaubt es, die Lernangebote mit Blick auf generelle Bildungsziele und spezifische Ziele der Labore empiriebasiert weiterzuentwickeln. Um Angebots-Nutzungs-Prozesse zu untersuchen, wird ein Analyseinstrument entwickelt; es erlaubt gleichermaßen, die didaktische Struktur der Angebote in einer SWOT-Analyse zu erfassen und die ablaufenden Denk- und Lernprozesse der Schülerinnen und Schüler empirisch zu erheben. Das Instrument fokussiert auf drei Dimensionen: die Orientierung der Angebote an Kontexten, die Integration von Problemlöseaufgaben und die Unterstützung von Autonomie der Schülerinnen und Schüler beim Entscheiden und Handeln. Die Ergebnisse der SWOT-Analyse werden mit empirischen Daten, die mit ethnografischen Methoden gewonnen werden, validiert. Eine daraufhin weiterentwickelte didaktische Struktur der Angebote ist hinsichtlich einer differenzierten Kontextualisierung, des Einsatzes narrativer Anker, die Problemlöseaufgaben einleiten, sowie einer phasenweisen Öffnung der Angebote verändert und führt zu besserem Verständnis fachlicher Inhalte und zu einer höheren Motivation.
    Keywords: Science ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2023-02-01
    Description: Die professionelle Unterrichtswahrnehmung ist eine zentrale und situative Fähigkeit, die (angehende) Lehrkräfte befähigt, Lernprozesse im Unterricht zu erkennen, mithilfe ihres professionellen Wissens zu interpretieren und anschließend lernförderliche Handlungspläne abzuleiten. Der vorliegenden Arbeit liegt die Forschungsfrage zugrunde, ob diese Fähigkeit mit einem physikspezifischen Fokus mithilfe eines Instruments - bestehend aus inszenierten Unterrichtsvideos und einem teilweise geschlossenen Fragebogen - valide erfasst werden kann. Ein solches Instrument könnte dazu dienen, herauszufinden, ob die professionelle Unterrichtswahrnehmung domänenspezifisch ist (Hypothese 1) und ob diese situative Fähigkeit entlang der universitären Ausbildung eine Progression erfährt (Hypothese 2).  Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit ergeben 19 Items (EAP Reliabilität liegt bei 0.698), mit denen eine physikspezifische professionelle Unterrichtswahrnehmung gemessen werden kann. Weitere Analysen (zur Korrelation mit dem physikdidaktischen Wissen und der Abhängigkeit von studiumsbezogenen Daten) stützen die Konstruktvalidität des Tests. In Bezug auf Hypothese 1 hat sich wie erwartet gezeigt, dass die physikspezifische professionelle Unterrichtswahrnehmung signifikant von dem studierten Fach und dem Studiengang abhängt. Anders als erwartet ergeben die Ergebnisse zur Hypothese 2, dass die professionelle Unterrichtswahrnehmung aber nicht signifikant vom Studienfortschritt abhängt.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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  • 59
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Erkenntnisgewinnung ist in den Naturwissenschaften untrennbar mit wissenschaftlichen Kontroversen verknüpft, die auch für den Physikunterricht einen Bildungswert besitzen, insbesondere im Hinblick auf kritische Urteilsbildung, Multiperspektivität und ein angemessenes Nature-of-Science-Verständnis. Basierend auf einer Charakterisierung wissenschaftlicher Kontroversen wird am Beispiel der Frage nach der Relativität der Masse in der Speziellen Relativitätstheorie in einer explorativ-qualitativen Studie untersucht, wie Physiklehrkräfte und Physiklehramtsstudierende mit einer solchen Kontroverse umgehen und inwieweit sie deren Bildungswert nutzen. Dazu werden sowohl Gedankenauflistungen, die von den Befragten nach dem Lesen von Textmaterialien zu den unterschiedlichen Fachpositionen erstellt wurden, als auch Antworten zu verschiedenen Textvignetten mit Hilfe der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Insgesamt zeigt sich, dass die Studierenden häufiger offen gegenüber den kontroversen fachwissenschaftlichen Positionen sind als die Lehrkräfte. Unterschiede in Bezug auf die Realisierung des Bildungswertes im Unterrichtskontext werden mithilfe von fünf Typen systematisch beschrieben. Ein Großteil der Befragten weist dabei Ansätze zur Umsetzung von Kontroversität im Physikunterricht auf. Die Mehrheit vertritt auch eine eigene fachwissenschaftliche Position und ein Teil der Befragten nutzt die wissenschaftliche Kontroverse zur Thematisierung von Nature-of-Science-Aspekten.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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  • 60
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Fachdidaktisches Wissen gilt als wichtige Gelingensbedingung für einen professionell durchgeführten Unterricht. Positive Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen, vielfältige Unterrichtskompetenzen sowie eine befürwortende Einstellung gegenüber der Reflexion von Unterricht sind darüber hinaus Indikatoren einer gelingenden Professionalisierung. Professionelle Handlungskompetenz entwickelt sich vornehmlich, wenn angehende Lehrkräfte die Gelegenheit bekommen theoretische Wissensanteile in der Praxis umzusetzen und diesen Transfer zu reflektieren. Die unreflektierte Absolvierung von Unterrichtspraktika birgt nämlich die Gefahr eines "Praxisschocks". Um dem vorzubeugen, ist es förderlich, praktische Studienanteile in ihrer Komplexität sukzessive zu steigern. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass Lehr-Lern-Labore (LLL) diesen Anforderungen genügen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die professionalisierende Wirkung dieses Veranstaltungskonzepts am Beispiel des LLL "Schwimmen, Schweben, Sinken" multimethodisch untersucht. Dabei wurden Gruppendiskussionen und Interviews, eine hoch inferente Fremdeinschätzungserhebung sowie eine Prä-Post-Fragebogenstudie mit Studierenden der Bachelorstudiengänge Lehramt Physik sowie Grundschulpädagogik (Sachunterricht) an der Freien Universität Berlin durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Lehr-Lern-Labor-Veranstaltungen einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Anbahnung sowie zur Unterstützung der Professionalisierung von Lehrkräften bereits während des Studiums leisten können, ohne dass es zum "Praxisschock" kommt.
    Keywords: Science ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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  • 61
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Eine lernendenorientierte und adaptive Gestaltung von Unterricht erfordert von den Lehrkräften, dass sie vorhandene Kompetenzen und Lernprozesse der Schülerinnen und Schüler diagnostizieren. Außerdem müssen sie die Anforderungen von Aufgaben mit Blick auf deren Passung zu den Lernprozessen der Schülerinnen und Schüler analysieren können. Eine derart verstandene "diagnostische Kompetenz" wird als zentrales Professionalisierungsziel von Lehrkräften angesehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden die diagnostischen Prozesse von acht Studierenden mit den Fächern Physik und Mathematik in zwei aufeinander folgenden Lehrveranstaltungen zur Diagnostik untersucht, um Potentiale und Lernhindernisse im Kompetenzaufbau zu identifizieren. In beiden Veranstaltungen bildeten Vignetten von Lernprozessen den Ausgangspunkt für studentische Diagnosen. Forschungsgegenstand waren u.a. schriftliche Diagnosen der Studierenden im Prä-Post-Vergleich sowie auf Video aufgezeichnete studentische Diskurse bei der Diagnose von Lernprozessen der Schülerinnen und Schüler. Die Analysen erfassen u.a., auf welche Komponenten eines Diagnoseprozesses die Studierenden in welcher Weise Bezug nehmen und welche (fach-) didaktischen überlegungen bzw. Theoriebezüge sie in ihren Diagnosen als Referenzpunkte nutzen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass auf struktureller Ebene zwar alle Komponenten thematisiert, aber inhaltlich nicht entlang einer typischen Abfolge miteinander verbunden werden. Trotz inhaltlicher Prompts wird nur selten explizit auf Theoriebezüge zurückgegriffen.
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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  • 62
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The main focus of this thesis is the discussion of stability of an objective (atomic) structure consisting of single atoms which interact via a potential. We define atomistic stability using a second derivative test. More precisely, atomistic stability is equivalent to a vanishing first derivative of the configurational energy (at the corresponding point) and the coerciveness of the second derivative of the configurational energy with respect to an appropriate semi-norm. Atomistic stability of a lattice is well understood, see, e.,g., [40]. The aim of this thesis is to generalize the theory to objective structures. In particular, we first investigate discrete subgroups of the Euclidean group, then define an appropriate seminorm and the atomistic stability for a given objective structure, and finally provide an efficient algorithm to check its atomistic stability. The algorithm particularly checks the validity of the Cauchy-Born rule for objective structures. To illustrate our results, we prove numerically the stability of a carbon nanotube by applying the algorithm.
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Die Optimierung dynamischer Dichtsysteme ist eine kostengünstige Methode zur Erhöhung der Wirkungsgrade, Lebensdauer und Betriebssicherheit von Turbomaschinen. Zuverlässige und effiziente Dichtsysteme lassen sich nur realisieren, wenn die Anstreifvorgänge zwischen rotierenden und statischen Komponenten sowie ihre Folgen schon bei der Auslegung berücksichtigt und im Betrieb beherrscht werden können. Bis heute sind die physikalischen Vorgänge beim Anstreifen jedoch nur unzureichend verstanden und es fehlen zuverlässige Modellierungsansätze für ihre Vorhersage. Die vorliegende Arbeit liefert einen essentiellen Beitrag zum Verständnis des Anstreifverhaltens und somit zur Optimierung einlaufender dynamischer Dichtsysteme mit Fokus auf Labyrinthdichtungen mit Einlaufbelägen aus Hohlkörperstrukturen. Mit Hilfe aufwändiger experimenteller Untersuchungen wird in dieser Arbeit ein tiefergreifendes physikalisches Verständnis der Anstreifvorgänge bereitgestellt. Die experimentell gewonnenen Erkenntnisse bilden schließlich die Grundlage für die Entwicklung eines Modellierungsansatzes, der erstmals unter Berücksichtigung aller Einflussparameter die zuverlässige Vorhersage des Anstreifverhaltens einlaufender Labyrinthdichtungen ermöglicht.
    Keywords: Technology & Engineering ; Construction ; Technology & Engineering ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Formeln sind eine wichtige mathematische Darstellungsform im Physikunterricht. Jedoch haben Lernende häufig Schwierigkeiten bei der Verbalisierung der inhaltlichen Bedeutung von Formeln. Dies wirft die Frage auf, wie Lehrende diese inhaltliche Seite von Formeln vermitteln. Der Theorieteil stellt den Empiriestand zu den Themenkomplexen Formeln und Kommunikation, Alltagssprache, Unterrichts -sprache und Fachsprache im Physikunterricht ausführlich dar. Auf Grundlage sprachwissenschaftlicher Überlegungen wurde ein Ebenenmodell der Versprachlichung von Formeln entwickelt und durch Lehrbuchanalysen validiert, mit dessen Hilfe das Sprechen von und über Formeln analysiert werden kann. In einer qualitativen, explorativ ausgerichteten Feldstudie wurde Physikunterricht von 10 Lehrenden zum elektrischen Widerstand beobachtet und ihre Sprache mit Hilfe der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse und des entwickelten Ebenenmodells ausgewertet. Das entstandene Kategoriensystem zeigt ein vielfältiges Sprechen über Formeln, das viele Aspekte von Formelverständnis abdeckt. Eine explizite qualitative Interpretation von Formeln bleibt jedoch meist aus. Es zeigt sich in vielen Aspekten ein eher technischer Umgang mit Formeln, der die strukturelle Rolle der Mathematik vernachlässigt. Das Sprechen der Lehrenden im Umgang mit Formeln kann als entweder fachsprachlich, schülernah oder ausgewogen, in einigen Fällen zusätzlich als reflektierend charakterisiert werden.
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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  • 65
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung erleichtert den Einsatz von computergestützten Experimentiergelegenheiten in Schule und Universität. Dabei ermöglichen solche Experimente Lernenden eigenständige Erfahrungen mit neuen Fachinhalten. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde ein lernerzentriertes und webbasiertes Angebot entwickelt, mit dem Lernende selbstständig Experimente zur Elektronenbewegung in Feldern durchführen können. Dabei wurden verschiedene Möglichkeiten zur Unterstützung der Lernprozesse, die der Einsatz digitaler Endgeräte mit sich bringt, realisiert - dies sind u.a. der Einsatz von Augmented Reality, ergänzenden Visualisierungen und automatisiertem Feedback. Doch über die Häufigkeit und die Art der Nutzung entsprechender Angebote in Schule und beim selbstständigen Lernen gibt es bisher nur wenige empirisch abgesicherte Erkenntnisse. Daher wurde hierzu eine Nutzungsanalyse mithilfe von Usertracking durchgeführt. Diese zeigt, dass das Angebot sowohl im Unterricht als auch beim selbstständigen Lernen sehr häufig genutzt wird, und deckt auf, welche Elemente zu einer intensiven Nutzung des Angebotes führen. Weiter wurde in einer Laborstudie die Wirkung von Multiplen Repräsentationen auf den Erfolg beim experimentellen Hypothesenprüfen und den wahrgenommenen Cognitive Load untersucht. Hier zeigte sich, dass integrierte, dynamisch verlinkte Repräsentationen die Nutzer unterstützen, aber keinen zusätzlichen Cognitive Load verursachen. Dies sollte bei der Gestaltung zukünftiger Angebote berücksichtigt werden.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2023-02-01
    Description: Niedrige Studienerfolgsquoten in den Studiengängen Physik und Lehramt Physik sind sowohl aus bildungspolitischer und institutioneller Sicht als auch aus individueller Perspektive erfolglos Studierender eine Herausforderung. Bisher gibt es nur wenige empirische Studien, die Gründe für niedrige Studienerfolgsquoten bestimmen. Von dieser Situation ausgehend, zielte diese Arbeit auf die Erfassung domänenspezifischer Eingangsvoraussetzungen von Studienanfängerinnen und -anfängern, um daraus mögliche Prädiktoren für einen Studienerfolg zu bestimmen. Den Kern der Arbeit bildet die Konzeption und Evaluation eines Testinstruments zu Studieneingangsvoraussetzungen. Das Instrument umfasst einen Vorwissenstest in Mathematik und Physik sowie einen Test zu domänenspezifischen Verhaltensweisen und Einstellungen. Das selbstentwickelte Instrument wurde bei N = 116 Studierenden eingesetzt, um die Prognosekraft der gemessenen Konstrukte auf einen möglichen Studienerfolg zu schätzen. Dabei zeigte sich der Physikteil des Vorwissenstests in Verbindung mit der Hochschulzugangsberechtigungsnote als signifikanter Prädiktor für den Studienerfolg gemessen am Studienverbleib nach drei Semestern. Dieses Ergebnis stellt im Wesentlichen eine Replikation bereits bekannter Erkenntnisse dar. Es konnten erste Hinweise gefunden werden, dass sich lernzielorientierte Einstellungen positiv auf den Studienerfolg auswirken können.
    Keywords: Social Science ; Statistics ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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  • 67
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Die Quantenphysik bildet schon heute das Fundament zahlreicher aktueller Technologien. Zukünftige Quantentechnologien, wie Quantencomputer, werden sowohl in der Industrie als auch für die Gesellschaft an Bedeutung gewinnen. In vielen nationalen und internationalen Schulcurricula ist die Quantenphysik als Thema für den Physikunterricht mittlerweile fest verankert. Aber trotz des enormen Bedeutungszuwachses von Quantentechnologien ist der Unterricht zur Quantenphysik an Schulen nach wie vor von semi-klassischen Modellen und quasi-historischen Zugängen geprägt, während moderne Begriffe der Quantenphysik häufig unberücksichtigt bleiben. Die Folge sind oft klassisch-mechanistisch geprägte Vorstellungen Lernender zur Quantenphysik. Hier setzt diese Arbeit an: mit dem Erlanger Unterrichtskonzept zur Quantenoptik wird ein Konzept vorgestellt, mit dem Lernende der gymnasialen Oberstufe Quanteneffekte anhand quantenoptischer Experimente kennen lernen. Konzepte der Quantenoptik, wie die Präparation von Quantenzuständen, die Antikorrelation am Strahlteiler und die Einzelphotoneninterferenz verhelfen Lernenden zu einem modernen Bild über Quantenphysik. Im Rahmen einer summativen Evaluation im Mixed-Methods-Design mit 171 Schülerinnen und Schülern zeigte sich, dass Lernende mit dem Erlanger Unterrichtskonzept zu quantenphysikalisch dominierten Vorstellungen gelangen und verbreitete Lernschwierigkeiten vermieden werden können.
    Keywords: Science ; Science ; Physics ; Technology & Engineering ; Agriculture ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming
    Language: German
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  • 68
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Sound power describes the emission of sound from sound sources. Despite today's state-of-the art measurement techniques, the current sound power determination methods are restricted due to various limitations. To overcome these limitations, a new sound power determination method is proposed, aiming at the establishment of traceability in airborne sound. This will enable the characterization of a sound source by its free field sound power. The dissertation describes a study on the dissemination process, which will allow the sound power of a device under test located at a real surrounding environment, to be referred to its free field sound power. Apart from the sound power, the corresponding uncertainty may be estimated in a transparent way, where each uncertainty component is provided. The basic tool for the dissemination process is the substitution method using aerodynamic reference sound sources, applied to both sound pressure and sound intensity measurements. Initially, a theoretical investigation deals with the factors that influence the substitution method. Experimental results are then presented based on measurements using a specially designed scanning apparatus. The transition from calibration to in situ conditions and the required correction, due to changes in environmental and operational conditions, is then discussed. In the last section, the sound power level of devices under test is determined along with its related uncertainty, which is further compared to the up-to-date uncertainty values.
    Keywords: Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 69
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Human sound localization helps to pay attention to spatially separated speakers using interaural level and time differences as well as angle-dependent monaural spectral cues. In a monophonic teleconference, for instance, it is much more difficult to distinguish between different speakers due to missing binaural cues. Spatial positioning of the speakers by means of binaural reproduction methods using head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) enhances speech comprehension. These HRTFs are influenced by the torso, head and ear geometry as they describe the propagation path of the sound from a source to the ear canal entrance. Through this geometry-dependency, the HRTF is directional and subject-dependent. To enable a sufficient reproduction, individual HRTFs should be used. However, it is tremendously difficult to measure these HRTFs. For this reason this thesis proposes approaches to adapt the HRTFs applying individual anthropometric dimensions of a user. Since localization at low frequencies is mainly influenced by the interaural time difference, two models to adapt this difference are developed and compared with existing models. Furthermore, two approaches to adapt the spectral cues at higher frequencies are studied, improved and compared. Although the localization performance with individualized HRTFs is slightly worse than with individual HRTFs, it is nevertheless still better than with non-individual HRTFs, taking into account the measurement effort.
    Keywords: Technology & Engineering ; Electronics ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 70
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: Bedingt durch die zunehmende Heterogenität der Studierendenschaft rücken die Studienschwierigkeiten in der Studieneingangsphase immer mehr in den Fokus naturwissenschaftsdidaktischer Forschungs- und Entwicklungsarbeiten. In den bisherigen Untersuchungen werden die beim Übergang in die Hochschule auftretenden Lern-, Reflexions- und Entscheidungsprozesse allerdings kaum betrachtet. Vor diesem Hintergrund beschreibt die vorliegende Arbeit anhand des Lernzentrums 'Physiktreff' an der Universität Paderborn die evidenzbasierte Entwicklung und Gestaltung geeigneter Unterstützungsmaßnahmen. Das Maßnahmenpaket des universitären Lernzentrums 'Physiktreff' wurde mit einem Design-Based-Research-Ansatz in mehreren Zyklen entwickelt und mithilfe von schriftlichen Fragebogenerhebungen und leitfadengestützten Interviews evaluiert. Die Analyse von Nutzungstypen stellte je nach Typ unterschiedliche Wirkungen des 'Physiktreffs' fest, z.B. zeigt der 'Physiktreff' Wirkungen in transitionsbedingten Krisen und bei der Vorbereitung auf Prüfungen. Außerdem konnte eine zunächst theoretisch begründete Modellierung der Prozesse in der Studieneingangsphase empirisch fundiert werden.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: German
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Naturwissenschaftliche Grundbildung im Sinne der Scientific Literacy umfasst das Erlernen inhaltlicher Konzepte sowie naturwissenschaftlicher Denk-, Arbeitsu- und Handlungsweisen. Auch in der Sachunterrichtsdidaktik werden entsprechende Ziele formuliert. Fachdidaktische und entwicklungspsychologische Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass Grundschulkinder systematische Strategien der Hypothesenprüfung (Variablenisolation und -kontrolle) erlernen können. Dabei scheint die Unterstützungsmaßnahme des Modeling besonders geeignet. In einem Prä-Post-Follow-up-Design mit Baseline wurden unter Kontrolle der Lernvoraussetzungen die Auswirkungen einer Förderung des Verständnisses der Variablenkontrolle im Kontext Magnetismus durch Modeling im Vergleich zu einem am Offenen Experimentieren orientierten Lernsetting auf (1) eigenständiges Bewerten und Entwickeln von Experimenten, (2) Transferfähigkeit, (3) Entwicklung, Durchführung und Bewertung eigener Experimente, (4) Qualität bzgl. des erreichten Niveaus der Experimente und (5) motivationale Schülermerkmale geprüft. Zur differenzierten Erfassung kamen ein Paper-Pencil-Test und ein videographiertes Interview zum Einsatz. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass (1) beide Gruppen von der Intervention profitierten, die Daten einer Baseline jedoch auf einen Testwiederholungseffekt hindeuteten. Einflüsse der Intervention auf die anderen Bereiche konnten nachgewiesen werden. Eine Förderung durch Modeling wirkte sich auf alle vier genannten Bereiche (2)-(5) positiv aus.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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  • 72
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The exchange of orbit information is becoming more important in view of the increasing population of objects in space as well as the increase in parties involved in space operations. The aim of this thesis was to investigate how orbit information maintained by a space surveillance system can be provided to its users. Services like collision avoidance require very accurate information, while other services might be less stringent. An approach was studied, which allows to derive orbit and covariance information of predetermined accuracy from a reference orbit. Using Chebyshev polynomials, continuous state vector and covariance matrix information can be provided. The major advantage is that no inter- or extrapolation on the user's side is required. A method to reduce the data amount by interpolating the variance envelope functions was also studied. The proposed method in this thesis gives access to highly accurate information from the catalogue, where this information is required. On the other hand it can also provide less accurate information, where requirements are less restrictive, thereby allowing for a significantly reduced amount of data to be transferred and stored.
    Keywords: Computers ; Computer Science ; Technology & Engineering ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Für Studiengänge an deutschen Hochschulen wird heute meistens eine Orientierung an Kompetenzen eingefordert. Die zur Messung dieser Kompetenzen nötigen Testinstrumente fehlen aber weitestgehend. Im Kooperationsprojekt "Ko-WADiS", in dem diese Studie angesiedelt war, wurde ein Kompetenztest zur naturwissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisgewinnung entwickelt. Erkenntnisgewinnung wird dabei als ein komplexer Problemlöseprozess im Sinne des Scientific Reasoning angesehen. Auf Grundlage dieser theoretischen Überlegungen wurden zunächst ein Kompetenzmodell adaptiert und Items entwickelt. Für diese Studie wurde der Kompetenztest in einer querschnittlichen Untersuchung bei Studierenden der Physik eingesetzt. Die empirischen Ergebnisse deuten auf die beste Passung eines eindimensionalen Modells hin. Auf Basis dieses Modells wurden weitere Analysen vorgenommen. Hierbei wird deutlich, dass erwartungskonform Masterstudierende einen höheren Kompetenzstand als Bachelorstudierende haben. Gleichzeitig gibt es Evidenz für einen signifikanten Vorteil der Fachstudierenden im Vergleich zu den Lehramtsstudierenden. Keine Vorteile zeigen sich hingegen für Lehramtsstudierende der Physik mit einem weiteren naturwissenschaftlichen Fach.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: Die Einstellung von Lehrkräften bestimmt deren Handeln mit. Die vorliegende Studie befasst sich mit dem Nutzungsverhalten und der Einstellung von Physiklehrkräften bzgl. Computern und Neuen Medien im unterrichtlichen Zusammenhang. Außerdem werden die Einstellung und Einschätzung von Schülerinnen und Schülern zu diesem Thema untersucht. Methodisch wurden dazu sowohl quantitative Analysemethoden auf Basis von Fragebögen, als auch qualitative Methoden wie halboffene Interviews genutzt und kombiniert. Durch die explorative Untersuchung konnte festgestellt werden, dass sich die Einstellung zum Computereinsatz im Physikunterricht in sechs Dimensionen beschreiben lässt, auf deren Basis die Lehrkräfte in fünf Gruppen klassifiziert werden: Verhinderte Nutzer, Neugierige, Computerenthusiasten, Realisten und Meider. Für jede dieser Gruppen lassen sich unterschiedliche Handlungsempfehlungen formulieren, um den Einsatz Neuer Medien bei Physiklehrkräften zu fördern.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Orbital debris is becoming an increasing problem for space flight missions. New satellite launches, explosions, collisions and other events cause a steady rise in the number of objects orbiting the Earth. It is therefore important to determine the future development of the object population, as well as the effectiveness of debris mitigation measures, in long-term simulations. Orbital propagation, the calculation of an object's movement in its orbit, poses a challenge for this research due to the high computation times of the complex perturbation models involved. With populations consisting of hundreds of thousands of objects as well as simulation time frames of up to 200 years, these calculations can take up hours of computation time. To speed up this process, the analytical propagator Ikebana is introduced in this work of applied computer science in engineering. The program runs on graphics processing units, hardware designed for massively parallel execution of up to thousands of concurrent threads. This reduces the overall run time for large object populations from hours to minutes. Porting software from a conventional CPU is not a trivial task and involves a number of potential pitfalls and optimization opportunities which are detailed in this work. The propagator is integrated into other applications via a generic, multi-platform interface specifically designed for this task. It allows to develop the propagator separately and integrate it into other tools as a plugin at run time. The interface's architecture serves as a design template for analytical propagation software.
    Keywords: Computers ; Computer Science ; Technology & Engineering ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2023-11-15
    Description: Die Didaktik der Physik ist im deutschsprachigen Raum mittlerweile fest etabliert. Ihre Akteur_innen haben ein Selbstverständnis als eigene wissenschaftliche Disziplin entwickelt, die eigene Forschungsfelder und -fragestellungen in den Fokus nimmt und mit spezifischen Forschungsformaten und -methoden untersucht. Die Forschungsaktivität in dieser Disziplin nimmt seit Jahren stetig zu und differenziert sich inhaltlich immer stärker aus, so dass es in der Didaktik der Physik kaum noch möglich ist, einen Überblick über alle Entwicklungen zu behalten. Zugleich sind die eigenen ideengeschichtlichen Wurzeln dieser Disziplin im aktuellen Forschungsbetrieb nicht mehr sehr präsent. Gerade Nachwuchswissenschaftler_innen sind sie nicht immer bewusst. Als Ergebnis einer über 3 Jahren dauernden Delphi-Studie legen wir in diesem Band eine Sammlung von Verweisen auf grundlegende und wegweisende Literatur der Physikdidaktik vor, die von Expert_innen jeweils kurz in den wissenschaftshistorischen Kontext eingeordnet werden. Es handelt sich hier nicht um ein Lehrbuch, sondern um eine Ressource, die die die historische Vielfalt physikdidaktischer Denk- und Forschungsansätze kompakt zugänglich macht und die zur Reflexion über die Fachdidaktik und ihr Selbstverständnis als wissenschaftliche Disziplin anregen soll. Sie möchte auf sinnvolle und ökonomische Weise die historische »Werdung« der Physikdidaktik nahebringen.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Flipped Classroom ist eine innovative Unterrichtsmethode, bei der sich Schülerinnen und Schüler zuhause mit Lernvideos auf den Unterricht vorbereiten. Im Unterricht selbst steht dann die Anwendung und Vertiefung des Wissens in kooperativen Lernsettings im Vordergrund. Wissenschaftlich ist der Einsatz dieser Methode im deutschen Schulunterricht bislang nicht untersucht worden, auch nicht im Physikunterricht. Haben die Schülerinnen und Schüler hier einen höheren Lernzuwachs? Ändern sich das Selbstkonzept, das Fachinteresse und die Motivation? Welche Rolle spielt dabei das Leistungsvermögen oder das Geschlecht? Die vorliegende quasi-experimentelle Interventionsstudie im Pre-/Postdesign mit Kontrollgruppe untersuchte den Einsatz des Flipped Classroom im Physikunterricht. Dabei zeigten sich positive Effekte auf den Lernerfolg sowie teilweise auf affektive Lernmerkmale. Motivational profitierten vor allem die Mädchen vom Flipped Classroom, die Jungen hingegen verbesserten deutlich ihre Hausaufgabendisziplin.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2023-02-01
    Description: In fachdidaktischen Interventionsstudien wird Unterricht auf Basis neu entwickelter Unterrichtskonzepte öfter mit "traditionellem Unterricht" verglichen. Eine vertiefte Auseinandersetzung mit "traditionellem Unterricht" bei Interventionsstudien ermöglicht einen differenzierteren Blick auf deren Ergebnisse, aber auch ein tieferes Verständnis von Akzeptanzhürden, die bei der Umsetzung neuer Unterrichtskonzepte auftreten können. In dieser Studie wurde daher der Anfangs-Elektrizitäts -lehreunterricht von 32 Lehrkräften in Bayern, Hessen und Österreich beleuchtet: Einerseits wurden Elemente der individuell umgesetzten Sachstruktur der Lehrkräfte mithilfe von Logbüchern und Schülerheften rekonstruiert. Andererseits wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen ausgewählten Lehrkräfte- und Schülervariablen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich für die Auswahl und Abfolge von Fachinhalten und den Einsatz von Analogiemodellen einige Muster identifizieren lassen, denen ein Großteil der Lehrkräfte folgte. Im Zuge von Mehrebenenanalysen konnten die erhobenen Aspekte des Professionswissens der Lehrkräfte in einer Betrachtung des Gesamtsamples der Lernenden nicht als Prädiktor für fachlichen Lernerfolg identifiziert werden, jedoch für das Sub-Sample der Lehrkräfte mit weniger als zehn Dienstjahren. Für die Entwicklung des Fachinteresses und des physikbezogenen Selbstkonzepts der Lernenden stellten sich die epistemologischen Vorstellungen und die Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung der Lehrkräfte im Umgang mit Schülervorstellungen als Prädiktoren heraus.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The evolution of emerging and innovative technologies based on Industry 4.0 concepts are transforming society and industry into a fully digitized and networked globe. Sensing, communications, and computing embedded with ambient intelligence are at the heart of the Internet of Things (IoT), the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), and Industry 4.0 technologies with expanding applications in manufacturing, transportation, health, building automation, agriculture, and the environment. It is expected that the emerging technology clusters of ambient intelligence computing will not only transform modern industry but also advance societal health and wellness, as well as and make the environment more sustainable. This book uses an interdisciplinary approach to explain the complex issue of scientific and technological innovations largely based on intelligent computing.
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 80
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Intelligent systems, known as expert systems, serve to this purpose in the extent that they have signed as facilitators in this process. These are systems that are based on expert knowledge, on any subject, in order to emulate human expertise in the specific field. To obtain this knowledge, the knowledge engineers, also called software engineers, need to develop methodologies for intelligent systems. In this area there is still no unified methodology that provides effective methods, notations and tools to aid in development.
    Keywords: Machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Cellular automata have become a core subject in the sciences of complexity due to their conceptual simplicity, easiness of implementation for computer simulation, and ability to exhibit a wide variety of amazingly complex behavior. These features of cellular automata have attracted the researchers attention from a wide range of divergent fields of science. In this book, six outstanding emerging cellular automata applications have been compiled. These contributions underline the versatility of cellular automata as models for a wide diversity of complex systems. We hope that, after reading the outstanding contributions compiled in this book, we will have succeeded in bringing across what engineers and scientists are now doing about the application of cellular automata for solving practical problems in diverse disciplines. We also hope that this book will have been to your interest and liking. Lastly, we would like to thank all the authors for their excellent contributions in the different topics of cellular automata covered in this book.
    Keywords: Natural language & machine translation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 82
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The book addresses some of the most recent issues, with the theoretical and methodological aspects, of evolutionary multi-objective optimization problems and the various design challenges using different hybrid intelligent approaches. Multi-objective optimization has been available for about two decades, and its application in real-world problems is continuously increasing. Furthermore, many applications function more effectively using a hybrid systems approach. The book presents hybrid techniques based on Artificial Neural Network, Fuzzy Sets, Automata Theory, other metaheuristic or classical algorithms, etc. The book examines various examples of algorithms in different real-world application domains as graph growing problem, speech synthesis, traveling salesman problem, scheduling problems, antenna design, genes design, modeling of chemical and biochemical processes etc.
    Keywords: Neural networks & fuzzy systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: New applications in recurrent neural networks are covered by this book, which will be required reading in the field. Methodological tools covered include ranking indices for fuzzy numbers, a neuro-fuzzy digital filter and mapping graphs of parallel programmes. The scope of the techniques profiled in real-world applications is evident from chapters on the recognition of severe weather patterns, adult and foetal ECGs in healthcare and the prediction of temperature time-series signals. Additional topics in this vein are the application of AI techniques to electromagnetic interference problems, bioprocess identification and I-term control and the use of BRNN-SVM to improve protein-domain prediction accuracy. Recurrent neural networks can also be used in virtual reality and nonlinear dynamical systems, as shown by two chapters.
    Keywords: Neural networks & fuzzy systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 84
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    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Eine lernendenorientierte und adaptive Gestaltung von Unterricht erfordert von den Lehrkräften, dass sie vorhandene Kompetenzen und Lernprozesse der Schülerinnen und Schüler diagnostizieren. Außerdem müssen sie die Anforderungen von Aufgaben mit Blick auf deren Passung zu den Lernprozessen der Schülerinnen und Schüler analysieren können. Eine derart verstandene "diagnostische Kompetenz" wird als zentrales Professionalisierungsziel von Lehrkräften angesehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden die diagnostischen Prozesse von acht Studierenden mit den Fächern Physik und Mathematik in zwei aufeinander folgenden Lehrveranstaltungen zur Diagnostik untersucht, um Potentiale und Lernhindernisse im Kompetenzaufbau zu identifizieren. In beiden Veranstaltungen bildeten Vignetten von Lernprozessen den Ausgangspunkt für studentische Diagnosen. Forschungsgegenstand waren u.a. schriftliche Diagnosen der Studierenden im Prä-Post-Vergleich sowie auf Video aufgezeichnete studentische Diskurse bei der Diagnose von Lernprozessen der Schülerinnen und Schüler. Die Analysen erfassen u.a., auf welche Komponenten eines Diagnoseprozesses die Studierenden in welcher Weise Bezug nehmen und welche (fach-) didaktischen überlegungen bzw. Theoriebezüge sie in ihren Diagnosen als Referenzpunkte nutzen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass auf struktureller Ebene zwar alle Komponenten thematisiert, aber inhaltlich nicht entlang einer typischen Abfolge miteinander verbunden werden. Trotz inhaltlicher Prompts wird nur selten explizit auf Theoriebezüge zurückgegriffen.
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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  • 85
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has attracted the attention of researchers and users alike and is taking an increasingly crucial role in our modern society. From cars, smartphones, and airplanes to medical equipment, consumer applications, and industrial machines, the impact of AI is notoriously changing the world we live in. In this context, Deep Learning (DL) is one of the techniques that has taken the lead for cognitive processes, pattern recognition, object detection, and machine learning, all of which have played a crucial role in the growth of AI. As such, this book examines DL applications and future trends in the field. It is a useful resource for researchers and students alike.
    Keywords: Machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 86
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The aim of this book is to provide an overview of recent developments in Kalman filter theory and their applications in engineering and scientific fields. The book is divided into 24 chapters and organized in five blocks corresponding to recent advances in Kalman filtering theory, applications in medical and biological sciences, tracking and positioning systems, electrical engineering and, finally, industrial processes and communication networks.
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 87
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Recently, the algorithms for the processing of the visual information have greatly evolved, providing efficient and effective solutions to cope with the variability and the complexity of real-world environments. These achievements yield to the development of Machine Vision systems that overcome the typical industrial applications, where the environments are controlled and the tasks are very specific, towards the use of innovative solutions to face with everyday needs of people. The Human-Centric Machine Vision can help to solve the problems raised by the needs of our society, e.g. security and safety, health care, medical imaging, and human machine interface. In such applications it is necessary to handle changing, unpredictable and complex situations, and to take care of the presence of humans.
    Keywords: Machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 88
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The work addresses to specialists in informatics, with preoccupations in development of Business Intelligence systems, and also to beneficiaries of such systems, constituting an important scientific contribution. Experts in the field contribute with new ideas and concepts regarding the development of Business Intelligence applications and their adoption in organizations. This book presents both an overview of Business Intelligence and an in-depth analysis of current applications and future directions for this technology. The book covers a large area, including methods, concepts, and case studies related to: constructing an enterprise business intelligence maturity model, developing an agile architecture framework that leverages the strengths of business intelligence, decision management and service orientation, adding semantics to Business Intelligence, towards business intelligence over unified structured and unstructured data using XML, density-based clustering and anomaly detection, data mining based on neural networks.
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 89
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Due to the development of mobile and Web 2.0 technology, knowledge transfer, storage and retrieval have become much more rapid. In recent years, there have been more and more new and interesting findings in the research field of knowledge management. This book aims to introduce readers to the recent research topics, it is titled "New Research on Knowledge Management Technology" and includes 13 chapters. In this book, new KM technologies and systems are proposed, the applications and potential of all KM technologies are explored and discussed. It is expected that this book provides relevant information about new research trends in comprehensive and novel knowledge management studies, and that it serves as an important resource for researchers, teachers and students, and for the development of practices in the knowledge management field.
    Keywords: Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The field of research that studies the emergent collective intelligence of self-organized and decentralized simple agents is referred to as Swarm Intelligence. It is based on social behavior that can be observed in nature, such as flocks of birds, fish schools and bee hives, where a number of individuals with limited capabilities are able to come to intelligent solutions for complex problems. The computer science community have already learned about the importance of emergent behaviors for complex problem solving. Hence, this book presents some recent advances on Swarm Intelligence, specially on new swarm-based optimization methods and hybrid algorithms for several applications. The content of this book allows the reader to know more both theoretical and technical aspects and applications of Swarm Intelligence.
    Keywords: Machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The progress of data mining technology and large public popularity establish a need for a comprehensive text on the subject. The series of books entitled by 'Data Mining' address the need by presenting in-depth description of novel mining algorithms and many useful applications. In addition to understanding each section deeply, the two books present useful hints and strategies to solving problems in the following chapters. The contributing authors have highlighted many future research directions that will foster multi-disciplinary collaborations and hence will lead to significant development in the field of data mining.
    Keywords: Machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 92
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This book aims at attracting the interest of researchers and practitioners around the applicability of meta-heuristic algorithms to practical scenarios arising from different knowledge disciplines. Emphasis is placed on evolutionary algorithms and swarm intelligence as computational means to efficiently balance the tradeoff between optimality of the produced solutions and the complexity derived from their estimation. In summary, this book serves as a good start point for early-stage investigators in the initial steps of their research on meta-heuristics, grounded on both a thorough literature review and the practical orientation of its contents.
    Keywords: Neural networks & fuzzy systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The concept of neural network originated from neuroscience, and one of its primitive aims is to help us understand the principle of the central nerve system and related behaviors through mathematical modeling. The first part of the book is a collection of three contributions dedicated to this aim. The second part of the book consists of seven chapters, all of which are about system identification and control. The third part of the book is composed of Chapter 11 and Chapter 12, where two interesting RNNs are discussed, respectively.The fourth part of the book comprises four chapters focusing on optimization problems. Doing optimization in a way like the central nerve systems of advanced animals including humans is promising from some viewpoints.
    Keywords: Neural networks & fuzzy systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: A multi-agent system (MAS) is a system composed of multiple interacting intelligent agents. Multi-agent systems can be used to solve problems which are difficult or impossible for an individual agent or monolithic system to solve. Agent systems are open and extensible systems that allow for the deployment of autonomous and proactive software components. Multi-agent systems have been brought up and used in several application domains.
    Keywords: Machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This book addresses different aspects of the research field and a wide range of topics in speech signal processing, speech recognition and language processing. The chapters are divided in three different sections: Speech Signal Modeling, Speech Recognition and Applications. The chapters in the first section cover some essential topics in speech signal processing used for building speech recognition as well as for speech synthesis systems: speech feature enhancement, speech feature vector dimensionality reduction, segmentation of speech frames into phonetic segments. The chapters of the second part cover speech recognition methods and techniques used to read speech from various speech databases and broadcast news recognition for English and non-English languages. The third section of the book presents various speech technology applications used for body conducted speech recognition, hearing impairment, multimodal interfaces and facial expression recognition.
    Keywords: Speech recognition ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This book has a complete set of applications of artificial neural networks that allow the reader to gain experience about the new systems for implementing and developing artificial intelligence (AI) methods, which can run in several digital systems. On the other hand, the book shows the newest algorithms of artificial intelligence that provide a wide spectrum of research areas in which AI can be deployed. There are a lot of books that address AI applications. However, this book shows the newest applications reached according with the technological changes that are presented nowadays. Those changes drastically appear in digital systems or other parallel areas that allow to improve the performance of AI algorithms. Hence, sometimes, the AI algorithms have to be redesigned in order to run in microcontrollers or FPGAs. The topics covered generate a structured book, so it could be used as a textbook, but it is designed to be accessible to a wide audience interested in AI.
    Keywords: Neural networks & fuzzy systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Advances in Knowledge Representation offers a compilation of state of the art research works on topics such as concept theory, positive relational algebra and k-relations, structured, visual and ontological models of knowledge representation, as well as detailed descriptions of applications to various domains, such as semantic representation and extraction, intelligent information retrieval, program proof checking, complex planning, and data preparation for knowledge modelling, and a extensive bibliography. It is a valuable contribution to the advancement of the field. The expected readers are advanced students and researchers on the knowledge representation field and related areas; it may also help to computer oriented practitioners of diverse fields looking for ideas on how to develop a knowledge-based application.
    Keywords: Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Ants communicate information by leaving pheromone tracks. A moving ant leaves, in varying quantities, some pheromone on the ground to mark its way. While an isolated ant moves essentially at random, an ant encountering a previously laid trail is able to detect it and decide with high probability to follow it, thus reinforcing the track with its own pheromone. The collective behavior that emerges is thus a positive feedback: where the more the ants following a track, the more attractive that track becomes for being followed; thus the probability with which an ant chooses a path increases with the number of ants that previously chose the same path. This elementary ant's behavior inspired the development of ant colony optimization by Marco Dorigo in 1992, constructing a meta-heuristic stochastic combinatorial computational methodology belonging to a family of related meta-heuristic methods such as simulated annealing, Tabu search and genetic algorithms. This book covers in twenty chapters state of the art methods and applications of utilizing ant colony optimization algorithms. New methods and theory such as multi colony ant algorithm based upon a new pheromone arithmetic crossover and a repulsive operator, new findings on ant colony convergence, and a diversity of engineering and science applications from transportation, water resources, electrical and computer science disciplines are presented.
    Keywords: Neural networks & fuzzy systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: In the last decade, further applications of speech processing were developed, such as speaker recognition, human-machine interaction, non-English speech recognition, and non-native English speech recognition. This book addresses a few of these applications. Furthermore, major challenges that were typically ignored in previous speech recognition research, such as noise and reverberation, appear repeatedly in recent papers. I would like to sincerely thank the contributing authors, for their effort to bring their insights and perspectives on current open questions in speech recognition research.
    Keywords: Machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 100
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This book includes 23 chapters introducing basic research, advanced developments and applications. The book covers topics such us modeling and practical realization of robotic control for different applications, researching of the problems of stability and robustness, automation in algorithm and program developments with application in speech signal processing and linguistic research, system's applied control, computations, and control theory application in mechanics and electronics.
    Keywords: Speech recognition ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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