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  • Articles  (4)
  • Centrosome  (2)
  • Cephalopod  (2)
  • University of Chicago Press  (3)
  • Cell Press  (1)
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
  • 1
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    The karyomastigont as an evolutionary seme (2013)
    University of Chicago Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © University of Chicago Press, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of University of Chicago Press for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Quarterly Review of Biology 87 (2012): 315-324, doi:10.1086/668165.
    Description: The problem of eukaryogenesis—the evolutionary mechanism whereby eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotes—remains one of the great unsolved mysteries of cell biology, possibly due to the reductionist tendency of most scientists to work only within their subdisciplines. Communication between biologists who conduct research on the nucleus and those working on the cytoskeleton or endomembrane system are sometimes wanting, and yet, all of these quintessentially eukaryotic elements of the cell are interdependent, and are physically associated in many protists as the karyomastigont organellar system: nucleus, one or more basal bodies and flagella, nuclear connector, and Golgi apparatus. Here we suggest a more holistic view of the karyomastigont as not simply an organellar system, but an evolutionary seme, the archaic state of the eukaryotic cell. We also present a scheme whereby the karyomastigont may have dissociated, giving rise in more derived cells to one or more free nuclei and discrete flagellar apparati (akaryomastigonts).
    Description: Mark C. Alliegro is supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIGMS) and National Science Foundation.
    Description: 2013-12-01
    Keywords: Karyomastigont ; Eukaryogenesis ; Flagellum ; Basal body ; Centrosome ; Nucleus
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
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    Adaptable night camouflage by cuttlefish (2008)
    University of Chicago Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © University of Chicago Press, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of University of Chicago Press for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in American Naturalist 169 (2007): 543–551, doi:10.1086/512106.
    Description: Cephalopods are well known for their diverse, quick‐changing camouflage in a wide range of shallow habitats worldwide. However, there is no documentation that cephalopods use their diverse camouflage repertoire at night. We used a remotely operated vehicle equipped with a video camera and a red light to conduct 16 transects on the communal spawning grounds of the giant Australian cuttlefish Sepia apama situated on a temperate rock reef in southern Australia. Cuttlefish ceased sexual signaling and reproductive behavior at dusk and then settled to the bottom and quickly adapted their body patterns to produce camouflage that was tailored to different backgrounds. During the day, only 3% of cuttlefish were camouflaged on the spawning ground, but at night 86% (71 of 83 cuttlefish) were camouflaged in variations of three body pattern types: uniform (n=5), mottled (n=33), or disruptive (n=34) coloration. The implication is that nocturnal visual predators provide the selective pressure for rapid, changeable camouflage patterning tuned to different visual backgrounds at night.
    Description: This work was made possible by grant 7456-03 from the National Geographic Society Committee on Research and Exploration and support from the Sholley Foundation.
    Keywords: Crypsis ; Concealment ; Disruptive coloration ; Coincident disruptive coloration ; Cephalopod ; Sepia apama
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 3
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    Dramatic fighting by male cuttlefish for a female mate (2017)
    University of Chicago Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © University of Chicago Press, 2017. This article is posted here by permission of University of Chicago Press for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in The American Naturalist 190 (2017): 144-151, doi:10.1086/692009.
    Description: Male cuttlefish compete for females with a repertoire of visually dramatic behaviors. Laboratory experiments have explored this system in Sepia officinalis, but corroborative field data have eluded collection attempts by many researchers. While scuba diving in Turkey, we fortuitously filmed an intense sequence of consort/intruder behaviors in which the consort lost and then regained his female mate from the intruder. These agonistic bouts escalated in stages, leading to fast dramatic expression of the elaborate intense zebra display and culminating in biting and inking as the intruder male attempted a forced copulation of the female. When analyzed in the context of game theory, the patterns of fighting behavior were more consistent with mutual assessment than self-assessment of fighting ability. Additional observations of these behaviors in nature are needed to conclusively determine which models best represent conflict resolution, but our field observations agree with laboratory findings and provide a valuable perspective.
    Description: J.J.A. was supported by a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship and a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship; A.K.S. was supported by a postdoctoral study grant from the Fyssen Foundation; R.T.H. was funded partly by the Sholley Foundation and supported by Office of Naval Research grant N0001406-1-0202.
    Description: 2018-05-02
    Keywords: Sepia officinalis ; Agonistic ; Cephalopod ; Behavior ; Sexual selection ; Evolutionary game theory
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 4
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    A pushing mechanism for microtubule aster positioning in a large cell type (2020)
    Cell Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Meaders, J. L., de Matos, S. N., & Burgess, D. R. A pushing mechanism for microtubule aster positioning in a large cell type. Cell Reports, 33(1), (2020): 108213, doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108213.
    Description: After fertilization, microtubule (MT) sperm asters undergo long-range migration to accurately position pronuclei. Due to the large sizes of zygotes, the forces driving aster migration are considered to be from pulling on the astral MTs by dynein, with no significant contribution from pushing forces. Here, we re-investigate the forces responsible for sperm aster centration in sea urchin zygotes. Our quantifications of aster geometry and MT density preclude a pulling mechanism. Manipulation of aster radial lengths and growth rates, combined with quantitative tracking of aster migration dynamics, indicates that aster migration is equal to the length of rear aster radii, supporting a pushing model for centration. We find that dynein inhibition causes an increase in aster migration rates. Finally, ablation of rear astral MTs halts migration, whereas front and side ablations do not. Collectively, our data indicate that a pushing mechanism can drive the migration of asters in a large cell type.
    Description: We would like to thank Dr. Jesse Gatlin for sending us the Tau-mCherry fusion protein for imaging live MTs. We would also like to thank Dr. Timothy Mitchison, Dr. Christine Field, and Dr. James Pelletier for supplying us with CA4, p150-CC1, and EB1-GFP peptides, as well as for fruitful discussions. Finally, we would like to thank Dr. Charles Shuster and Leslie Toledo-Jacobo for constructive feedback when preparing the manuscript. We thank Bret Judson and the Boston College Imaging Core for infrastructure and support. This material is based upon work supported by NSF grant no. 124425 to D.R.B.
    Keywords: Dynein ; Aster ; Microtubule ; Centrosome ; Pronucleus ; Fertilization ; Aster position
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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