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  • Books  (279)
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  • Physical geography.  (279)
  • Cham :Springer International Publishing :  (279)
  • Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung
  • University of Virginia Library
  • Wabern : Federal Office of Topography, Swiss Geological Survey
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  • Books  (279)
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  • 101
    Keywords: Plant physiology. ; Soil science. ; Physical geography. ; Plant biotechnology. ; Biotechnology. ; Plant Physiology. ; Soil Science. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Plant Biotechnology. ; Biotechnology.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Recent advances in plant adaptation to climate change – An introduction to compatible solutes -- 2. Osmosensing and signaling in plants - Potential role in crop improvement under climate change -- 3. Amino acids other than proline and their participation in abiotic stress tolerance -- 4. Engineering glycine betaine biosynthesis in alleviating abiotic stress effects in plants -- 5. Improvement of abiotic stress tolerance by modulating polyamine pathway in crop plants -- 6. Engineering fructan biosynthesis against abiotic stress -- 7. The γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) towards abiotic stress tolerance -- 8. Sugar alcohols and osmotic stress adaptation in plants -- 9. Crosstalk of compatible solutes with other signalling pathways in plants -- 10. Effect and importance of compatible solutes in plant growth promotion under different stress conditions -- 11. Compatible solute engineering: An approach for plant growth under climate change.
    Abstract: Plants, being sessile and autotrophic in nature, must cope with challenging environmental aberrations and therefore have evolved various responsive or defensive mechanisms including stress sensing mechanisms, antioxidant system, signaling pathways, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, and other defensive pathways among which accumulation of osmolytes or osmo-protectants is an important phenomenon. Osmolytes with organic chemical nature termed as compatible solutes are highly soluble compounds with no net charge at physiological pH and nontoxic at higher concentrations to plant cells. Compatible solutes in plants involve compounds like proline, glycine betaine, polyamines, trehalose, raffinose family oligosaccharides, fructans, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), and sugar alcohols playing structural, physiological, biochemical, and signaling roles during normal plant growth and development. The current and sustaining problems of climate change and increasing world population has challenged global food security. To feed more than 9 billion, the estimated population by 2050, the yield of major crops needs to be increased 1.1–1.3% per year, which is mainly restricted by the yield ceiling. A major factor limiting the crop yield is the changing global environmental conditions which includes drought, salinity and extreme temperatures and are responsible for a reduction of crop yield in almost all the crop plants. This condition may worsen with a decrease in agricultural land or the loss of potential crop yields by 70%. Therefore, it is a challenging task for agricultural scientists to develop tolerant/resistant varieties against abiotic stresses. The development of stress tolerant plant varieties through conventional breeding is very slow due to complex multigene traits. Engineering compatible solutes biosynthesis by deciphering the mechanism behind the abiotic tolerance or accumulation in plants cell is a potential emerging strategy to mitigate adverse effects of abiotic stresses and increase global crop production. However, detailed information on compatible solutes, including their sensing/signaling, biosynthesis, regulatory components, underlying biochemical mechanisms, crosstalk with other signaling pathways, and transgenic development have not been compiled into a single resource. Our book intends to fill this unmet need, with insight from recent advances in compatible solutes research on agriculturally important crop plants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 266 p. 28 illus., 22 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030806743
    DDC: 571.2
    Language: English
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  • 102
    Keywords: Microbiology. ; Botany. ; Biotechnology. ; Physical geography. ; Microbial ecology. ; Forestry. ; Microbiology. ; Plant Science. ; Biotechnology. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Microbial Ecology. ; Forestry.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I. Fungal Symbiosis -- Current Status–Enlightens in Its Biology and Omics Approach on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Community -- An Insight through Root-Endophytic-Mutualistic Association in Improving Crop Productivity and Sustainability -- Interaction Between Root Endophytes and Plants: Their Bioactive Products and Significant Functions -- Unravelling the Role of Endophytes in Micronutrient Uptake and Enhanced Crop Productivity -- Dual and Tripartite Symbiosis of Invasive Woody Plants -- Eco-friendly Association of Plants and Actinomycetes -- The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis of Trees: Structure, Function, and Regulating Factors -- Effectiveness of Arbuscular Mycorrhizas in Improving Carob Culture in the Mediterranean Regions -- Leaf Endophytes and Their Bioactive Compounds -- Role of Endophytic Fungus Piriformospora indica in Nutrient Acquisition and Plant Health -- The Role of Symbiotic Fungi in Nutri-Farms -- Part II. Bacterial Symbiosis -- Understanding the Evolution of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria -- Rhizobia–Legume Symbiosis During Environmental Stress -- Archaeal Symbiosis for Plant Health and Soil Fertility -- Microbial Symbionts of Aquatic Plants -- Rhizobium Presence and Functions in Microbiomes of Non-leguminous Plants -- Part III. Insect–Fungus Mutualism -- Symbiotic Harmony Between Insects and Fungi: A Mutualistic Approach -- Panorama of Metarhizium: Host Interaction and Its Uses in Biocontrol and Plant Growth Promotion -- Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Potential Plant Protective Agent Against Herbivorous Insect and Its Importance in Sustainable Agriculture -- Eradication of Malaria by the Mutualistic Interaction Between Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Anopheles sp -- Part IV. Microbial Symbiosis in Disease and Stress Management -- Halophyte–Endophyte Interactions: Linking Microbiome Community Distribution and Functionality to Salinity -- Root Endophytic Microbes and Their Potential Applications in Crop Disease Management -- Do Mycorrhizal Fungi Enable Plants to Cope with Abiotic Stresses by Overcoming the Detrimental Effects of Salinity and Improving Drought Tolerance? -- Combined Use of Beneficial Bacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for the Biocontrol of Plant Cryptogamic Diseases: Evidence, Methodology, and Limits -- Remediation of Toxic Metal-Contaminated Soil and Its Revitalisation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi.
    Abstract: This book explores microbial symbiosis, with a particular focus on soil microorganisms, highlighting their application in enhancing plant growth and yield. It addresses various types of bacterial and fungal microbes associated with symbiotic phenomena, including rhizobium symbiosis, arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, algal/lichen symbiosis, and Archeal symbiosis. Presenting strategies for employing a diverse range of bacterial and fungal symbioses in nutrient fortification, adaptation of plants in contaminated soils, and mitigating pathogenesis, it investigates ways of integrating diverse approaches to increase crop production under the current conventional agroecosystem. Providing insights into microbial symbioses and the challenges of adopting a plant-microbe synergistic approach towards plant health, this book is a valuable resource for researchers, graduate students and anyone in industry working on bio-fertilizers and their agricultural applications. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VII, 489 p. 49 illus., 39 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030519162
    Series Statement: Soil Biology, 60
    DDC: 579
    Language: English
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  • 103
    Keywords: Paleontology . ; Climatology. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Physical geography. ; Sedimentology. ; Biology Technique. ; Paleontology. ; Climate Sciences. ; Water. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Sedimentology. ; Experimental Organisms.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter1. A Brief Resumé of the Geology of Iceland -- Chapter2. The Marine Realm Around Iceland - a Review of Biological Research -- Chapter3. The Evolution of the Tjörnes Sedimentary Basin in Relation to the Tjörnes Fracture Zone and the Geological Structure of Iceland -- Chapter4. A Review of the Research History of the Tjörnes Sequence, North Iceland -- Chapter5. Lithostratigraphy of the Tjörnes Sequence in Barmur and Höskuldsvík on the West Coast of Tjörnes, North Iceland -- Chapter6. An Age Model for the Miocene to Pleistocene Tjörnes Sequence, North Iceland -- Chapter7. Systematic Overview of the Pliocene Molluscs and Barnacles of the Barmur Group on Tjörnes, North Iceland -- Chapter8. Foraminifera in the Pliocene Barmur Group on Tjörnes, North Iceland -- Chapter9. Reconstructing the Palaeoenvironments of the Pliocene Barmur Group in the Tjörnes Basin, North Iceland -- Lithostratigraphy of the Upper Part of the Tjörnes Sequence in Furuvík, Breiðavík, Öxarfjörður, and Central Tjörnes Mountains, North Iceland -- Systematic Overview of the Molluscs and Barnacles of the Quaternary Breiðavík Group, North Iceland -- Chapter12. Foraminifera in the Early Pleistocene Part of the Breiðavík Group, North Iceland Knudsen -- Chapter13. Reconstructing the Palaeoenvironments of the Quaternary Tjörnes Basin, North Iceland -- Chapter14. Migration of Pacific Marine Mollusc Fauna into the North Atlantic Across the Arctic Ocean in Pliocene and Early Pleistocene Time.
    Abstract: This volume sheds new light on the marine fauna and geological setting of the Tjörnes Sequence, North Iceland, which is a classic site for the Pliocene and Pleistocene stratigraphy of the North Atlantic region. Readers will discover descriptions of new data collected by the editors over a period of over three decades on marine faunal assemblages and sedimentology available for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, as well as the tectonic and stratigraphical relationships on Tjörnes Peninsula. The book includes a comprehensive account of all the collections of marine fossil invertebrate macrofossils and foraminifera known to the editors from the Tjörnes Sequence. It is expected to elucidate sedimentological and faunal changes from relatively stable Pliocene conditions to highly variable and periodically harsh climatic conditions of recurring Quaternary glaciations. The distribution, recent or fossil, of various species is recorded and pertinent ecological and biological features are also discussed. The Tjörnes Sequence records the Neogene migration of Pacific species into the North Atlantic. Researchers in geology, climate science, environmental science and earth science will find this book particularly valuable. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: X, 882 p. 248 illus., 205 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030596637
    Series Statement: Topics in Geobiology ; 52
    DDC: 560
    Language: English
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  • 104
    Keywords: Geology. ; Climatology. ; Environment. ; Physical geography. ; Geology. ; Climate Sciences. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Physical Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Flow of ice -- Thermal structure -- Basal processes -- Tidewater glaciers -- Ice shelves D ocean interaction -- Polar meteorology -- Mass balance -- Numerical methods -- Inverse modeling -- Analytic ice sheet models and climate change -- Firn -- Ice cores -- Remote sensing -- Geophysics -- Geodynamics -- Paleo-ice sheets -- Geomorphology -- Glacier fluctuations -- Tropical glaciers -- Historical glaciology.
    Abstract: Our realisation of how profoundly glaciers and ice sheets respond to climate change and impact sea level and the environment has propelled their study to the forefront of Earth system science. Aspects of this multidisciplinary endeavour now constitute major areas of research. This book is named after the international summer school held annually in the beautiful alpine village of Karthaus, Northern Italy, and consists of twenty chapters based on lectures from the school. They cover theory, methods, and observations, and introduce readers to essential glaciological topics such as ice-flow dynamics, polar meteorology, mass balance, ice-core analysis, paleoclimatology, remote sensing and geophysical methods, glacial isostatic adjustment, modern and past glacial fluctuations, and ice sheet reconstruction. The chapters were written by thirty-four contributing authors who are leading international authorities in their fields. The book can be used as a graduate-level textbook for a university course, and as a valuable reference guide for practising glaciologists and climate scientists.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXVII, 530 p. 283 illus., 214 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030425845
    Series Statement: Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment,
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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  • 105
    Keywords: Sustainability. ; Human geography. ; Environmental policy. ; Physical geography. ; Sustainability. ; Human Geography. ; Environmental Policy. ; Physical Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter1: Introduction: Localizing SDG Goals and empowering cities and communities in North America for sustainability -- SectionI: City & Regional Localization of SDGs -- Chapter2: Localizing the SGDs in Baltimore: Challenges and Opportunities of the USA Sustainable Cities Initiative -- Chapter3: Los Angeles: Measuring Its Ambition to Achieve the SDGs -- Chapter4: The Idea of Sustainability and the Houston Region -- SectionII: Programs and Tools to support the implementation of the SDGs -- Chapter5: Making the SDGs Relevant for Cities: Using the Community Capital Tool in British Columbia -- Chapter6: How Local Communities Can Align with United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: A Santa Cruz County Case Study -- SectionIII: Mobilizing Local SDG efforts across North America -- Chapter7: Top-down and Bottom-Up Approaches to the SDG-Monitoring Challenge -- Chapter8: Data for Good for All – Enabling All Communities to Track Progress Towards SDG Implementation -- SectionIV: Developing new methods and data to localize SDGs -- Chapter9: Helping the Neighborhood Create Indicators for Sustainable Housing Planning, Sustainable Development Goal #11 Sustainable Cities & Communities -- Chapter10: How the Youth Social Enterprise (YSE) Model Supports the Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goal #8 Economic Growth and Decent Work in American Cities -- SectionV: Goals, Targets and Indicators for Localizing SDGs in the US -- Chapter11: Proposed Local SDG Indicators for US Cities and Communities.
    Abstract: This volume presents North American best practices and perspectives on developing, managing and monitoring indicators to track development progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in local communities and cities. In 4 main sections, the book presents and frames the many ways in which community indicator programs are either integrating or retooling to integrate the SDGs into their existing frameworks, or how they are developing new programs to track and report progress on the SDGs. This is the first volume that focuses on SDG adoption within the context of North Americans cities and communities, and the unique issues and opportunities prevalent in these settings. The chapters are developed by experienced academics and practitioners of community planning and sustainable development, and will add broad perspective on public policy, organizational management, information management and data visualization. This volume presents a case-study approach to chapters, offering lessons that can be used by three main audiences: 1) teachers and researchers in areas of urban, regional, and environmental planning, urban development, and public policy; 2) professional planners, decision-makers, and urban managers; and 3) sustainability activists and interested groups.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VII, 160 p. 118 illus., 48 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030591731
    Series Statement: Sustainable Development Goals Series,
    DDC: 304.2
    Language: English
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  • 106
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Computer simulation. ; Statistics . ; Earth System Sciences. ; Computer Modelling. ; Applied Statistics.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I Python for Geologists, a kick-off -- Setting Up Your Python Environment, Easily -- Python Essentials for a Geologist -- Start Solving Geological Problems Using Python -- Part II Describing Geological Data -- Graphical Visualization of a Geological Dataset -- Descriptive Statistics -- Part III Integrals and Differential Equations in Geology -- Numerical Integration -- Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) -- Partial Differential Equations (PDE) -- Part IV Probability Density Functions and Error Analysis -- Probability Density Functions and their Use in Geology -- Error Analysis -- Part V Robust Statistics and Machine Learning -- Introduction to Robust Statistics -- 12. Machine Learning.
    Abstract: This textbook introduces the use of Python programming for exploring and modelling data in the field of Earth Sciences. It drives the reader from his very first steps with Python, like setting up the environment and starting writing the first lines of codes, to proficient use in visualizing, analyzing, and modelling data in the field of Earth Science. Each chapter contains explicative examples of code, and each script is commented in detail. The book is minded for very beginners in Python programming, and it can be used in teaching courses at master or PhD levels. Also, Early careers and experienced researchers who would like to start learning Python programming for the solution of geological problems will benefit the reading of the book.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XV, 229 p. 112 illus., 104 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030780555
    Series Statement: Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment,
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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  • 107
    Keywords: Water. ; Hydrology. ; Earth sciences. ; Physical geography. ; Natural disasters. ; Water. ; Earth Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Natural Hazards.
    Description / Table of Contents: Trend analyses of seasonal mean temperature Series pertaining to Tapi river basin, using monthly data -- . Dry and wet spell characterization of Naini river basin, western Maharashtra, India -- Assessment of Climate Change on Crop Water Requirement in Tandula Command of Chhattisgarh (India) -- Impact of climate change on hydrological regime of Narmada river basin -- Climate change impacts on water resource in Ethiopia -- Spatio-temporal trend analysis of long term IMD gridded precipitation in Godavari river basin, India -- Forecasting reference evapotranspiration using artificial neural network for Nagpur Region -- Assessment of extremes using time varying downscaling model -- Assessment of impact of land use land cover and climate change on quality of river using water quality index -- Assessment of tail behavior of probability distributions of daily precipitation data over India -- Probabilistic prediction of monthly streamflow using graphical modeling approach. .
    Abstract: This book provides insights and a capacity to understand the climate change phenomenon, its impact on water resources, and possible remedial measures. The impact of climate change on water resources is a global issue and cause for concern. Water resources in many countries are extremely stressed, and climate change along with burgeoning populations, the rise in living standards, and increasing demand on resources are factors which serve to exacerbate this stress. The chapters provide information on tools that will be useful to mitigate the adverse consequences of natural disasters. Fundamental to addressing these issues is hydrological modelling which is discussed in this book and ways to combat climate change as an important aspect of water resource management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVI, 551 p. 223 illus., 199 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030642020
    Series Statement: Water Science and Technology Library, 98
    DDC: 551.48
    Language: English
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  • 108
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Computational intelligence. ; Computer simulation. ; Data mining. ; Mathematical physics. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Computational Intelligence. ; Computer Modelling. ; Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. ; Mathematical Physics.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Environmental engineering applications related to flow and transport in the subsurface -- Mathematical/numerical solution methods: An overview -- Numerical simulation: Implementation, data processing, software concepts -- The science-policy interface in subsurface environmental modelling -- Challenging subsurface modelling and policy-making -- Conclusions.
    Abstract: This book provides a broad overview of essential features of subsurface environmental modelling at the science-policy interface, offering insights into the potential challenges in the field of subsurface flow and transport, as well as the corresponding computational modelling and its impact on the area of policy- and decision-making. The book is divided into two parts: Part I presents models, methods and software at the science-policy interface. Building on this, Part II illustrates the specifications using detailed case studies of subsurface environmental modelling. It also includes a systematic research overview and discusses the anthropogenic use of the subsurface, with a particular focus on energy-related technologies, such as carbon sequestration, geothermal technologies, fluid and energy storage, nuclear waste disposal, and unconventional oil and gas recovery.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVI, 219 p. 40 illus., 31 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030511784
    Series Statement: Advances in Geophysical and Environmental Mechanics and Mathematics,
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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  • 109
    Keywords: Environment. ; Climatology. ; Physical geography. ; Sustainability. ; Human geography. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Climate Sciences. ; Physical Geography. ; Sustainability. ; Human Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword -- Preface -- Introduction -- Part 1 Introduction / Overview -- Part 2 Climate change adaptation -- Part 3. Climate change mitigation -- Glossary. .
    Abstract: This edited volume reviews the latest advances in policies and actions in understanding the science, impacts and management of climate change in Indonesia. Indonesia is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change due to its geographical, physical, and social-economic situations. There are many initiatives to understand and deal with the impacts in the country. The national government has issued key guiding policies for climate change. International agencies together with local stakeholders are working on strengthening the capacity in the policy formulations and implement actions to build community resilience. Universities are conducting research on climate change related at different scales. Cities and local governments are implementing innovations in adapting to the impacts of climate change and transiting toward green economy. This book summarizes and discusses the state-of-the-art regarding climate change in Indonesia including adaptation and mitigation measures. The primary readership of the book includes policy makers, scientists and practitioners of climate change actions in Indonesia and other countries facing similar challenges. Chapter “Carbon Stocks from Peat Swamp Forest and Oil Palm Plantation in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VIII, 328 p. 47 illus., 41 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030555368
    Series Statement: Springer Climate,
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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  • 110
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Sustainability. ; Physical geography. ; Ecology . ; Energy policy. ; Energy and state. ; Environmental management. ; Environmental economics. ; Sustainability. ; Physical Geography. ; Ecology. ; Energy Policy, Economics and Management. ; Environmental Management. ; Environmental Economics.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Introduction – overview and relevant background, including published (cross-disciplinary) research that provides a context and justification for the study -- Chapter 2: The Ecological Footprint – tracking the evolution of this sustainability metric -- Chapter 3: Biocapacity accounting – used to develop a context for carrying capacity set against the Ecological Footprint -- Chapter 4: Case study – national scale case consideration of Costa Rica as an example of a developing country set amid the contemporary context of sustainable development -- Chapter 5: Implications – examines the contribution for sustainable development, using the Sustainable Development Goals as a springboard for discussion -- Chapter 6: Quality Analysis – presents caveats of the methodology based on the National Footprint Accounts -- Chapter 7: Conclusion – summary of the findings and contribution of the brief, including address of path dependency and final consideration given to sustainability metrics and sustainable development.
    Abstract: This book examines the Ecological Footprint and biocapacity accounting within an applied development content for Costa Rica. By doing so, it is possible to track changes as well as perhaps link these to overarching global issues, such as trade, globalization, and food security, among other emergent topics based findings stemming from this methodology. Based on a timeseries since 1961, it is possible to track cross-temporal changes of land-type categories (for crop land, grazing land, forest land, fishing ground, built-up land, and carbon) of the Ecological Footprint and biocapacity conveying whether a country is in ecological deficit and what may be contributing to such a trend.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XI, 107 p. 22 illus., 18 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030626662
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science,
    DDC: 304.2
    Language: English
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  • 111
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Physical geography. ; Geology. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Geology.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Linear and nonlinear surface waves -- 2. Internal waves at the interface -- 3. Transformation of waves on the flow -- 4. Surface contamination -- 5. Ocean Acoustic Waves -- 6. Stratification of the ocean environment -- 7. Internal gravity waves in a stratified medium -- 8. Convective phenomena in the sea -- 9. Interaction of surface waves with regions of near-surface convection -- 10. Anomalous waves.
    Abstract: This book describes a comprehensive selection of ocean processes such as wave phenomena (surface, internal gravitational, and acoustic waves), the influence of surfactants and pollutants on the aquatic environment's dynamics, the models of the stratified natural environment, convective phenomena in the ocean, and the interaction of wave and convective processes. Finally, this book dedicates the last section to unsolved problems in the physics of anomalous waves. Most of the chapters present the most hegemonic theories but also they introduce the revulsive ideas based on alternative approaches. The underlying mathematical models are scientifically justified both at the physical and formal mathematical levels. In all known limiting cases lead to well-known classical results. They are in good agreement with experimental data. Several sections show the application of developed approaches to the description of natural phenomena. The book is of interest to specialists working in the field of ocean physics, as well as undergraduate and graduate students specializing in marine physics and oceanography.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 257 p. 73 illus., 19 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030722692
    Series Statement: Springer Oceanography,
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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  • 112
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Geology. ; Conservation biology. ; Ecology . ; Geophysics. ; Physical geography. ; Geology. ; Conservation Biology. ; Geophysics. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Hot springs: A general perspective -- The geology of hot springs -- The geochemistry of hot springs -- The conservation of hot springs -- Hot springs throughout history -- Hot springs and their cultural heritage.
    Abstract: The aim of this book is to provide an overview of topics related to the extensive geoheritage of hot springs, their natural environments, and their integration into commercial and industrial functions. The eleven chapters explore aspects of historical and cultural traditions, geology and geochemistry, research updates, conservation issues and of course health, wellness, and recreation throughout time. Because natural hot springs and active hydrothermal areas play a significant role in the tourism industry, visitor expectations are examined together with an assessment of common hazards and potential risks in active hydrothermal environments, along with recommendations how to stay safe. For the purpose of showcasing certain unique features, to share noteworthy events and developments or to identify concerns associated with the sustainability of natural water source, examples of particular hot spring areas are included in several chapters. One chapter is also dedicated entirely to the protection of natural hot springs and raises awareness for conservation, while another chapter reviews the history of hot springs in great detail to establish a realistic and justifiable timeline of their original use. Lastly, the significance of natural hot springs for various tourism sectors is analysed and the potential for sustainable future destination development in rural and remote regions is discussed. Many locations were considered and invite the reader to use the information as a reference point in the quest to further explore the remarkable natural and cultural geoheritage of hot springs worldwide.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XL, 383 p. 289 illus., 248 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030604639
    Series Statement: Geoheritage, Geoparks and Geotourism, Conservation and Management Series,
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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  • 113
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Soil science. ; Physical geography. ; Agriculture. ; Soil Science. ; Physical Geography. ; Agriculture.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Allophanic Soils -- Anthropic Soils -- Brown Soils -- Gley Soils -- Granular Soils -- Melanic Soils -- Organic Soils -- Oxidic Soils -- Pallic Soils -- Podzol Soils -- Pumice Soils -- Raw Soils -- Recent Soils -- Semiarid Soils -- Ultic Soils -- Soils in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: This book offers an introduction to the soils of Aotearoa New Zealand, structured according to the New Zealand soil classification system. Starting with an overview of the importance and distribution of New Zealand soils, it subsequently provides essential information on each of the 15 New Zealand soil orders in separate chapters. Each chapter, illustrated with diagrams and photographs in colour, includes a summary of the main features of the soils in the order, their genesis and relationships with landscapes, their key properties including examples of physical and chemical characteristics, and their classification, use, and management. The book then features a chapter on soils in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica and concludes by considering New Zealand soils in a global context, soil-formation pathways, and methods used in New Zealand to evaluate soils and assist in land-management decisions. Information about how to access detailed information via links to the Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research website is also included.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XX, 332 p. 192 illus., 147 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030647636
    Series Statement: World Soils Book Series,
    DDC: 631.4
    Language: English
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  • 114
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Geology. ; Physical geography. ; Mineralogy. ; Geology. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Mineralogy.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. An introduction to the geology of Tierra del Fuego -- Chapter 2. Beatriz Mine: a Polymetallic Massive Occurrence in Tierra del Fuego -- Chapter 3. A review of the Arroyo Rojo VMS deposit, Tierra del Fuego -- Chapter 4. The Ornamental Rocks of Tierra del Fuego -- Chapter 5. Aggregates in Tierra del Fuego: Morphogenesis and Distributio -- Chapter 6. Didactic Tools in the Scope of Geography in the Provincia de Tierra del Fuego -- Chapter 7. Teaching Earth Sciences in the Provincial Educational System -- Chapter 8. History of Gold in Tierra del Fuego -- Chapter 9. Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego and Isla de los Estados Peatlands -- Chapter 10. Lakes and Glaciers from Fuegian Andes. Morphology, Distribution and Origin -- Chapter 11. Geophysical Methods Applied to the Study of Lakes and Paleolakes in Tierra del Fuego -- Chapter 12. Geological and Geographic Resources among Hunter-gatherers of Tierra del Fuego: a View from Archaeological and Ethnographic Data -- Chapter 13. Geotourism – Interpretation – Ethnogeology: Extraordinary Geological Resources in Tierra del Fuego -- Chapter 14. Key features and Geosite proposal to tell the story of the Argentinian Andes in the Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego -- Chapter 15. Differential Uplifting Rates Across the Magellan Fault: Interactions Between South American and Scotia Plates -- Chapter 16. Paleomagnetic and Magnetic Studies of Quaternary Units in Tierra del Fuego, the South Atlantic Islands and Southern Patagonia -- Chapter 17. Provenance of the Coastal Sands of the Western Scotia Plate: Tierra del Fuego and Antarctic Peninsula -- Chapter 18. An overview on the Mineral Resources of the Argentine Antarctic Sector -- Chapter 19. Meteorites found in the Argentine Antarctic Sector -- Chapter 20. Acidity and Alkalinity as Foundational Parameters in the Ordering of Eruptive Rocks and some Fuegian examples.
    Abstract: The CADIC’s Geological Resources Program will soon turn 40 years of fruitful development. During this period many projects were carried out and others remain to be implemented. In the course of time three generations of researchers have been formed. Mentioning names would be unfair to those that could be involuntarily omitted. There is still a long way to go. The eagerness for knowledge should not stop. This book is a tribute to all those people who have worked in the different projects of pure and applied science, and educational, and human resources training, granted to this founding program and associated laboratories of the regional center of CONICET in Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. The twenty papers which constitute this book have a genuine Latin appeal, having been written by 50 authors based in Argentina and Spain. All this contributions are concerned with Fuegian geological resources. Everyone concerned with this work hopes that it will prove a fitting and lasting memorial to Nacho Subías, whose personal contribution to our knowledge of this geology was outstanding.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 371 p. 173 illus., 136 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030606831
    Series Statement: Springer Geology,
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Earth sciences. ; Oceanography. ; Geology. ; Geophysics. ; Physical geography. ; Earth Sciences. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Geology. ; Geophysics. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Scale invariant structure of lithosphere earthquake source -- Permeability measurement by the fracture pressure drop curve in laboratory experiments -- Geology and petrogeochemical features of the Kumak ore Field carbon deposits -- Effect of Plastic Properties ON Hydraulic Fracturing Operation -- Dynamics of harmonic internal gravity waves in stratified inhomogeneous medium -- The exact equation for the waveform of potential stationary surface waves -- Identification of the initial spot location of pollution in the Kerch strait on the basis of adjoint equation -- North Atlantic Oscillation and Interannual Mixed Layer Heat Balance Variability in the North Atlantic.
    Abstract: This book presents the findings of recent theoretical and experimental studies of processes in the atmosphere, oceans and lithosphere, discussing their interactions, environmental issues, geology, problems related to human impacts on the environment, and methods of geophysical research. It particularly focuses on the geomechanical aspects of the production of hydrocarbons, including the laborious extraction of oils. Furthermore, it includes contributions on ecological problems of the biosphere. This book corresponds to the English edition of the "Processes in GeoMedia," a Russian academic journal focused on new theoretical and experimental studies of the Earth's processes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VII, 305 p. 118 illus., 64 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030690403
    Series Statement: Springer Geology,
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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  • 116
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    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Environment. ; Biodiversity. ; Climatology. ; Physical Geography. ; Water. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Biodiversity. ; Climate Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. General Characteristics of Geography Of Mongolia -- 2. Historical Geography: Administrative Division and Research in Physical Geography of Mongolia -- 3. The Relief And Geomorphological Characteristics of Mongolia -- 4. Climate and Climate Change of Mongolia -- 5. Hydrography of Mongolia -- 6. Glacier of Mongolia -- 7. Permafrost in Mongolia -- 8. Soil of Mongolia -- 9. Biogeographical Characteristics of Mongolia -- 10. Division of the Physiographic and Natural Regions in Mongolia -- 11. Land Use and Nature Conservation in Mongolia.
    Abstract: This book gives the most detailed and comprehensive physico-geographical overview of the very unique country of Mongolia. The country offers diverse geographical features and natural landscapes combined with a long history. This book offers integrated and systematical research on the geophysical characteristics of Mongolia with an academic orientation. It provides the readers with general knowledge of the physical geography of Mongolia as well as new results of the latest research. The volume consists of 11 chapters, each written by field experts, with contributions from scientific researchers from Mongolia. The topics covered: geological and geomorphological characteristics and processes, landscapes and landforms, climate and climate change, hydrology, glaciers and permafrost, soils, environmental changes, biodiversity and many other aspects of physical geography in Mongolia. The book appeals to researchers and students of geography and related fields and can serve as a guide for field trips to Mongolia or basic literature for research projects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXII, 218 p. 122 illus., 113 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030614348
    Series Statement: Geography of the Physical Environment,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Environment. ; Climatology. ; Physical geography. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Climate Sciences. ; Physical Geography.
    Abstract: This book is a comprehensive resource for climate change impacts and scenarios on cross-cutting issues in Bangladesh and other tropical low-lying countries in Asia. The book promotes mitigation and adaptation strategies for learning and innovation to tackle climate change impacts, reduce inequality, as well as include changes in food, energy, health, education, and social protection policies in Bangladesh and Asian low-lying countries. Through several case studies, this book provides a powerful framework for identifying management tools and their applications in environment and governance including; climate change and natural hazards, climate change and energy framework, gender inequality and capacity building, and community participants and the actions needed to protect them. The aim of this book is to provide information to scientists, practitioners, academics, and government and non-government policy-makers to help them better understand the particularities of climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies for cross-cutting issues in Bangladesh. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 234 p. 50 illus., 47 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030758257
    Series Statement: Springer Climate,
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Agriculture. ; Physical geography. ; Environmental management. ; Environmental policy. ; Sociology. ; Agriculture. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Environmental Management. ; Environmental Policy. ; Sociology.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Cost of Food, Consequences of not valuing soil, water and those who manage them -- Changing the Paradigm of agricultural intensification. Challenges faced by agriculture in Moldova -- The Alberta Experience. Climate change action plan, cap-and-trade legislation for carbon emissions, and carbon credits for farmers -- The Social Food Service market – a lever for change -- Discussion -- Is the future of Agriculture Perennial? The fundamental difference between natural ecosystems and agro-ecosystems -- Managing chernozem to achieve Sustainable Development Goals -- Quality and health of anthropically transformed Black Earth -- Seeking an alternative for weed control in Conservation Agriculture -- Step-by-step to fill the gaps along the path to sustainability -- Discussion -- Agricultural Research and the Agriculture of the Future -- The LONE Concept, Agriculture of the Future -- Adaptation to climate change through plant breeding: the status of winter wheat -- Long-term research on crop rotation -- Sustainable intensification of agriculture on the Bălţi steppe. Crop diversity, irrigation, and no-till in crop rotations -- Restoration of the degraded plough layer of Chernozem prior to implementation of Zero Tillage -- The Big Picture - some ideas for research and action: an International Hydrological Network for Food-water; needs and opportunities for financing regenerative agriculture across the steppes through Green Bonds -- Pointers for decision-makers, researchers and practical farmers.
    Abstract: The food system is our last coal-fired power station, our last diesel engine. This book is a trans-disciplinary treatment of what needs to be done to make it not only sustainable but also to regenerate soil and water resources, habitat, economy and society. The book brings back classical principles of agronomy and integrates economic, agro-ecological and social perspectives, drawing on a wealth of expertise on the political economy of the food system, Conservation Agriculture, and long-term field experiments. Regenerative agriculture builds on known knowns – like crop rotation, water and nutrient requirements, soil and water conservation, farm-gate prices, international trade and supply chains. It grapples withknown unknowns – like weed, pest and disease control without agrochemicals, cover crops for profit as well as protection, mitigating and adapting to the climate crisis, resilience and tipping points in ecosystems, farming systems and societies, and how we can pay for imperative changes. Lastly, it acknowledges unknown unknowns – the things we are oblivious to but which we really must know – like how to liberate the ghettos of the mind inhabited by farmers, agronomists, politicians and societies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIX, 355 p. 72 illus., 56 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030722241
    DDC: 630
    Language: English
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    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Environment. ; Geographic information systems. ; Measurement. ; Measuring instruments. ; Biotic communities. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Geographical Information System. ; Measurement Science and Instrumentation. ; Ecosystems.
    Description / Table of Contents: Basics of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques -- In-situ Measurement Techniques -- Remote Sensing Techniques (Ground-Based) -- Remote Sensing Techniques (Space- and Aircraft-Based) -- Complex Measurements - Methods and Applications -- Measurements Networks.
    Abstract: This practical handbook provides a clearly structured, concise and comprehensive account of the huge variety of atmospheric and related measurements relevant to meteorologists and for the purpose of weather forecasting and climate research, but also to the practitioner in the wider field of environmental physics and ecology. The Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements is divided into six parts: The first part offers instructive descriptions of the basics of atmospheric measurements and the multitude of their influencing factors, fundamentals of quality control and standardization, as well as equations and tables of atmospheric, water, and soil quantities. The subsequent parts present classical in-situ measurements as well as remote sensing techniques from both ground-based as well as airborn or satellite-based methods. The next part focusses on complex measurements and methods that integrate different techniques to establish more holistic data. Brief discussions of measurements in soils and water, at plants, in urban and rural environments and for renewable energies demonstrate the potential of such applications. The final part provides an overview of atmospheric and ecological networks. Written by distinguished experts from academia and industry, each of the 64 chapters provides in-depth discussions of the available devices with their specifications, aspects of quality control, maintenance as well as their potential for the future. A large number of thoroughly compiled tables of physical quantities, sensors and system characteristics make this handbook a unique, universal and useful reference for the practitioner and absolutely essential for researchers, students, and technicians. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: LVIII, 1748 p. 752 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030521714
    Series Statement: Springer Handbooks,
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Environmental sciences Social aspects. ; Buildings Design and construction. ; Physical geography. ; Sustainable architecture. ; Environment. ; Environmental management. ; Environmental Social Sciences. ; Building Construction and Design. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Sustainable Architecture/Green Buildings. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Environmental Management.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1-Introduction -- Chapter 2-National and international developments -- Chapter 3-Climate change and built environment -- Chapter 4-Energy and carbon emission -- Chapter 5-Materials and water -- Chapter 6-Sustainable waste management -- Chapter 7-Resilience and adaptation in buildings -- Chapter 8-Sustainable building design -- Chapter 9-Urban sustainable developments -- Chapter 10-Regional sustainable developments.
    Abstract: This monograph offers analyses of construction activities using various key concepts and assessments of sustainable development, and provides students and researchers with methodologies and design aspects for the sustainable development of the built environment. Additionally, the book demonstrates various national and international policies for assisting architects, engineers and policy makers in understanding the relevant decision-making approaches to sustainable development in construction. The book begins by reviewing the background of sustainability and sustainable development. ­ The focus then turns to the effects of climate change on the built environment, including impacts of energy and carbon emissions, as well as constraints on water and waste management. ­ The remaining chapters discuss the necessary approaches to achieve sustainable waste management, energy efficient building design, and resilience and adaptation in the built environment In eight chapters, the book encourages readers to think independently, logically and objectively about the complex issues presented by the applications of sustainable development in construction, including resource efficiency, environmental impacts, human health, building economics and social development. ­ .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: X, 175 p. 80 illus., 64 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030762315
    DDC: 304.2
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Environmental management. ; Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Environmental sciences Social aspects. ; Geology. ; Environmental Management. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Water. ; Environmental Social Sciences. ; Geology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Resource Management, Sustainable Development and Governance: Introduction and Overview -- Chapter 2. Bruce Mitchell: Professional Career and Contributions -- Chapter 3. Early and Modern Paradigms in Natural Resource Management: Global and Indian Experiences -- Chapter 4. Approaching the Collaborative ‘Turn’ in Water Governance: A Critical Re-Appraisal -- Chapter 5. Disaster Risk Governance and Management: An Asian Perspective -- Chapter 6. Reshaping Natural Resource Management in China -- Chapter 7. Regional Sustainable Development and Natural Resource Decision-Making in India: Methods and Implications -- Chapter 8. Rethinking Resettlement as a Development Opportunity: Need for Good Practices -- Chapter 9. Will the Water Revolution be Decentralized? Investigating the ‘Downscale’ and ‘Upscale’ Challenges of Urban Rainwater Harvesting -- Chapter 10. Rethinking Capacity Building in Water Governance: Factors Influencing Risk Interpretation and Decision-Making in Delhi -- Chapter 11. Regional Environmental Governance: An Analytical Framework for Conservation of Natural Resource Area -- Chapter 12. Groundwater Sustainability in Haryana: Challenges to Governance -- Chapter 13. Wetland Resources in the Brahmaputra Valley, Assam: Characteristics, Use and Sustainable Development -- Chapter 14. Impact of Physical Factors on Transboundary Water Management and Governance in the Kosi Basin -- Chapter 15. Governance and Management of Teesta River Water Resources: A Geopolitical Appraisal -- Chapter 16. Governance Issues for Sustainable Water Management in Rapti River Basin, Uttar Pradesh -- Chapter 17. Social Transformation, Ecosystem Services and Resource Sustainability in Nepal Hills -- Chapter 18. Determinants of Land Use Dynamics and its Ecological Implications in India: A State Level Analysis -- Chapter 19. Land Use Change and its Impact on Ecosystem Services: Food, Livelihood, and Health Security in Kumaon Himalayas -- Chapter 20. Impact of Land Use Change on Livelihood Options: A Case Study of Upper Pasolgad Watershed, Uttarakhand -- Chapter 21. Rural Livelihood and Women: Glimpses from An Indian Tribal Village -- Chapter 22. Land Degradation and Agricultural Sustainability in Kendujhar District, Odisha -- Chapter 23. Diversification of Agriculture through Medicinal Plants in Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh -- Chapter 24. Recent Sanitation Challenges and Policy Options in Developing Countries -- Chapter 25. Solid Waste Management for Environmental Sustainability in India -- Chapter 26. Social Impact Assessment of Indian Water and Allied Policies and Programs -- Chapter 27. Challenges and Opportunities towards Management of Solid Wastes in Indian Cities: Beyond the Rhetoric of Convenience -- Chapter 28. Natural Resource Evaluation for Ecotourism and Geotourism Destination in Hong Kong -- Chapter 29. Climate Change Knowledge: Comparison of People and Scientists Perception in Shimla District, Himachal Pradesh -- Chapter 30. Climate Change Modeling for Ecosystem Services: A Method for Sustainable Development in Western Himalayan District -- Chapter 31. Urban Sustainability and Governance in Delhi Metropolitan Region -- Chapter 32. Investigating the Variability in Sanitation and Sustainability Issues: Evidence from Resettlement Colonies of Delhi -- Chapter 33. Water Governance in Thiruvananthapuram City, Kerala: Existing Practices and Alternative Paradigms -- Chapter 34. Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary, Odisha: People’s Attitude Towards its Conservation -- Chapter 35. Socio-Economic Development in Highway Corridor Zone of Bihar: A Case Study of Kuchai Kot-Muzaffarpur Section -- Chapter 36. Sustainable Resource Governance: Lessons for the Future.
    Abstract: This book examines the relationship between natural resource management, sustainable development, and governance with case studies from India and other places covering disaster risk reduction, conflict resolution, capacity building, climate change adaptation and resilience, citizen engagement and ecological conservation. Though the studies focus mostly on cases in India, the volume discusses how governance can be employed to help develop and implement sustainable practices globally through the lens of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework. Readers will learn how to integrate concepts of resource management, sustainable development, and governance to improve human resilience to global environmental change, and to assess the proper development approaches to assist economically stressed and resource-deprived individuals. The book will be of use to graduate students and academics, policy makers, planners, and nonprofits.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XX, 612 p. 130 illus., 117 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030858391
    Series Statement: Sustainable Development Goals Series,
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Soil science. ; Environmental management. ; Sustainability. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Water. ; Soil Science. ; Physical Geography. ; Environmental Management. ; Sustainability.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Preface -- 2 Hydrological approach for evaluation of soil and water degradation processes as related to climate change and biodiversity losses -- 3 Prediction of soil salinization and sodification processes as affected by groundwater under different climate and management conditions -- 4 Landscape features as conditions for vegetation and crop growth. Physiological aspects of plants response to salinity, alkalinity and shallow water-table -- 5 The classical fact in water insecurity: groundwater; the need to recognize the importance of its presence -- 6 Groundwater and its role in maintaining the ecological functions of ecosystems; advances in holistic approaches in studies on the interaction vegetation-groundwater flows -- 7 Groundwater flows in Bajos Submeridionales of Santa Fe wetlands as part of the Chaqueña plain (Argentina) and their use for livestock production -- 8 Geochemical feature of intermediate flow discharging in Paraná river system, Argentina -- 9 Hydrogeochemical characterization of groundwater and its interaction with other components of the environment in Mexico -- 10 Landscape functioning as a basis for defining its sustainable intervention: soils and groundwater flows. .
    Abstract: This book combines multidisciplinary studies on the environmental consequences of intensified use of land and water, and the fusion of land to provide food for a growing population. Studies on water, vegetation, and soil are addressed from an environmental management perspective with a special focus on the relation between natural elements and humans. This book considers the essential dynamics of humans and the natural environment, which is especially important in areas with shallow water-table that influence directly on agricultural activities (crops, livestock, and forests), land management, flooding, droughts, waterlogging, salt-affected soils (saline and sodic) and variation in obtained water quality in wells where these processes as related to the local and regional geomorphology control. The studies present hydrological processes towards the definition of an adequate use of soil and water with consequences of its management on the environment. Also, water study procedures are presented as well as their relation to other elements of the landscape. Methodologies such as the Tóthian flow system concept are recognized by different authors to provide the reader with solid interdisciplinary analyses of related environmental components such as soils, vegetation, surface water, geomorphology, geological framework and groundwater physical-chemical composition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIV, 275 p. 85 illus., 77 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030654436
    Series Statement: Springer Earth System Sciences,
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Parasitology. ; Paleontology . ; Evolution (Biology). ; Virology. ; Pathology. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Parasitology. ; Paleontology. ; Evolutionary Biology. ; Virology. ; Pathology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Parasites of Fossil Vertebrates: What We Know and What can We Expect from the Fossil Record? -- Chapter 2. Fossil Record of Viruses, Parasitic Bacteria and Parasitic Protozoa -- Chapter 3. Fungi as Parasites: A Conspectus of the Fossil Record -- Chapter 4: Evolution, Origins and Diversification of Parasitic Cnidarians -- Chapter 5. Evolutionary History of Bivalves as Parasites -- Chapter 6. Gastropods as Parasites and Carnivorous Grazers – A Major Guild in Marine Ecosystems -- Chapter 7: Fossil Constraints on the Timescale of Parasitic Helminth Evolution -- Chapter8. Thorny-headed Worms (Acanthocephala): Jaw-less Members of Jaw-bearing Worms that Parasitize Jawed Arthropods and Jaw-bearing Vertebrates -- Chapter 9. Chelicerates as Parasites -- Chapter 10. Evolutionary History of Crustaceans as Parasites -- Chapter 11. The History of Insect Parasitism and the Mid-Mesozoic Parasitoid Revolution.
    Abstract: This two-volume edited book highlights and reviews the potential of the fossil record to calibrate the origin and evolution of parasitism, and the techniques to understand the development of parasite-host associations and their relationships with environmental and ecological changes. The book deploys a broad and comprehensive approach, aimed at understanding the origins and developments of various parasite groups, in order to provide a wider evolutionary picture of parasitism as part of biodiversity. This supplements contributions by parasitologists that mostly focus on extrapolating from current host associations or distributions, to estimate constraints on the timing of the origin and evolution of various parasite groups. This approach allows a wider evolutionary picture of parasitism on, and as part of, biodiversity. Volume one focuses on identifying parasitism in the fossil record, and sheds light on the distribution and ecological importance of parasite-host interactions over time. In order to better understand the evolutionary history of parasites and their relationship with changes in the environment, emphasis is given to viruses, bacteria, protista and plants as parasites. Particular attention is given to metazoans such as molluscs, cnidarians, crustaceans and insects as parasites. Researchers, specifically parasitologists, interested in the evolutionary history of parasite-host interactions, as well as students studying parasitism will find this book appealing. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 565 p. 147 illus., 96 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030424848
    Series Statement: Topics in Geobiology ; 49
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Natural disasters. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Geography. ; Physical geography. ; Natural Hazards. ; Water. ; Regional Geography. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Abstract: This book explores the current challenges with regard to uncertainty and risk in water management, as well as the interlinkages between drought and water management. It focuses on the challenges for water management organisations, which are expected to adapt to such changes and implement adaptive water management. The book proposes a methodology for assessing organisations’ adaptive capacity, named REACT, and demonstrates its application in a case study. It subsequently analyses the barriers hindering water management organisations’ ability to adapt, and investigates the socio-cultural and economic barriers in water governance to applying adaptive water management (AWM) strategies. Lastly, the book describes how to enable AWM in order to face current and future drought risks by integrating it with drought risk management. Given its scope, it will appeal to scientists, pracademics and professionals from academia, the water industry and involved in policymaking.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 132 p. 17 illus., 14 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030551377
    Series Statement: PoliMI SpringerBriefs,
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities. ; Environment. ; Political sociology. ; Sustainability. ; Geography. ; Physical Geography. ; Humanities and Social Sciences. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Political Sociology. ; Sustainability. ; Regional Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. An Introduction (Douglas C. Nord ) -- Chapter 2. NordForsk as a Facilitator of Integrated Research on the Arctic (Gunnel Gustafsson) -- Chapter 3. CLINF: Climate Change Effects on the Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and the Associated Impacts on Northern Societies( Birgitta Evengård and Tomas Thierfelder ) -- Chapter 4. CLINF: An Integrated Project Design(Tomas Thierfelder and Birgitta Evengård ) -- Chapter 5.Environmental Data Modeling for CSI Research in the Arctic(Gia Destouni, Zarah Kalantari, Shaun Quegan, Dieder Leibovic, Juha Lemmetyinen, Jaakko Ikonen) -- Chapter 6 .Reindeer Herding and Coastal Pastures: Adaption to Multiple Stressors and Cumulative Effects(Grete Hovelsrud, Camilla Risvoll, Jan Åge Riseth, Hans Tømmervik, Anna Omazic, Ann Albihn ) -- Chapter 7.The ARCPATH Project—Assessing Risky Environments and Rapid Change:Research on Climate, Adaptation and Coastal Communities in the North Atlantic Region (Astrid E.J. Ogilvie, Yongqi Gao, Niels Einarsson, Noel Keenlyside, Leslie King ) -- Chapter 8 .The Climate Model: An ARCPATH Tool to Understand and Predict Climate Change (Shuting Yang, Yongqi Gao, Koenigk Torben, Noel Keenlyside, Francois Counillon ) -- Chapter 9. Whale Ecosystem Services and Co-production Processes Underpinning Human Wellbeing in the Arctic: Case Studies from Greenland, Iceland and Norway(Laura Malinauskaite, David Cook, Brynhildur Daviծsdóttir, Helga Ögmundardóttir) -- Chapter 10. "Small Science”: Community Engagement and Local Research in an Era of Big Science Agendas (Catherine Chambers, Leslie King, David Cook, Laura Malinauskaite, Margaret Willson, Astrid E. J. Ogilvie, Niels Einarsson) -- Chapter 11. Project ReiGN: Reindeer Husbandry in a Globalizing North—Resilience, Adaptations and Pathways to Action (Øystein Holand, Jon Moen, Jouko Kumpula, Annette Löf, Sipra Rasmus, Knut Røed ) -- Chapter 12 .What Drives the Number of Semi-Domesticated Reindeer? Pasture Dynamics and Economic Incentives in Fennoscandian Reindeer Husbandry (Annti-Juhani Pekkarinen, Juoko Kumpula and Olli Tahvonen) -- Chapter 13. Reindeer Herders as Stakeholders or Right- Holders: Introducing a Social-Equity Based Conceptualization Relevant for Indigenous and Local Communities (Simo Sarkki, Hannu Heikkinen and Annette Löf) -- Chapter 14. Working Together: Reflections on a Transdisciplinary Effort of Co-producing Knowledge on Supplementary Feeding in Reindeer Husbandry Across Fennoscandia (Tim Horstkotte, Élise Lépy and Camilla Risvoll) -- Chapter 15. Is There Such a Thing As “Best Practice”? Exploring the Extraction/Sustainability Dilemma in REXSAC ( Sverker Sörlin) -- Chapter 16 .When Mines Go Silent: Exploring the Afterlives of Extraction Sites (Dag Avango and Gunhild Rosqvist) -- Chapter 17 Bringing Emotions Back In—Affective Approaches to Resource Extraction(Frank Sejersted and Kirsten Thisted) -- Chapter 18 .The Challenge of Synthesis: Lessons from Arctic Climate Predictions: Pathways to Resilient, Sustainable Societies (Leslie King and Astrid E.J. Ogilvie) -- Chapter 19. Assessment and Evaluation in Arctic Research—Where Do We Come From, and Where Are We Going? (Andre van Amstel, Amy Lauren Lovecraft, Maureen Biermann, Roberta Marinelli and Douglas Nord) -- Chapter 20 . Findings and Conclusions—Pathways for Action (Douglas Nord).
    Abstract: This book investigates the multifaceted nature of change in today’s Nordic Arctic and the necessary research and policy development required to address the challenges and opportunities currently faced by this region. It focuses its attention on the recent efforts of the Nordic community to create specialized Centers of Excellence in Arctic Research in order to facilitate this process of scientific inquiry and policy articulation. The volume seeks to describe both the steps that lead to this decision and the manner in which this undertaking as evolved. The work highlights the research efforts of the four Centers and their investigations of a variety of issues including those related to ecosystem and wildlife management, the revitalization resource dependent communities, the emergence of new climate-born diseases and the development of adequate modeling techniques to assist northern communities in their efforts at adaptation and resilience building. Major discoveries and insights arising from these and other efforts are detailed and possible policy implications considered. The book also focuses attention on the challenges of creating and supporting multidisciplinary teams of researchers to investigate such concerns and the methods and means for facilitating their collaboration and the integration of their findings to form new and useful perspectives on the nature of change in the contemporary Arctic. It also provides helpful consideration and examples of how local and indigenous communities can be engaged in the co-production of knowledge regarding the region. The volume discusses how such research findings can be best communicated and shared between scientists, policymakers and northern residents. It considers the challenges of building common concern not just among different research disciplines but also between bureaucracies and the public. Only when this bridge-building effort is undertaken can true pathways to action be established. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXV, 448 p. 47 illus., 43 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030523244
    Series Statement: Springer Polar Sciences,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Sustainability. ; Climatology. ; Physical geography. ; Environment. ; Agriculture. ; Sustainability. ; Climate Sciences. ; Physical Geography. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Agriculture.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Climate change and lessons from world indigenous minority farmer communities -- Chapter 3. Climate change and indigenous farmers in Zimbabwe -- Chapter 4. Rainfall and Temperature fluctuations in South-west Zimbabwe(1922-2012) -- Chapter 5. Climate Change impact on indigenous minority farmer communities in SW Zimbabwe -- Chapter 6. Interventions on climate climate change among indigenous minority farmer communities in SW Zimbabwe -- Chapter 7. Indigenous minority communities development basket of priorities in SW Zimbabwe -- Chapter 8. Conclusion.
    Abstract: This book proves, through empirical research, that indigenous and traditional agricultural communities have experienced severe climate change impacts, and have developed corresponding livelihood strategies to strengthen their resilience in a variable climate. With a focus on indigenous minority farming communities in the developing region of South-Western Zimbabwe, the study presents both qualitative and quantitative approaches of data analysis to assess sustainability problems amid climate change and climate variability challenges, and proposes potential solutions. In eight chapters, the book expands on the scarce availability of community-based research on climate change and variability in Zimbabwe. The book is meant for college and university students and stakeholders involved in development work in rural minority farmer communities, especially in climate change prone regions of Africa and other developing countries who have very few options of adaptation and mitigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: X, 98 p. 23 illus., 19 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030513467
    Series Statement: Sustainable Development Goals Series,
    DDC: 304.2
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Environment. ; Climatology. ; Physical geography. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Climate Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. A Cautionary Scientific Tale and an Introduction to this Book -- Chapter 2. Buried Secrets of the North CarolinaCoast, USA -- Chapter 3. Time and Tide Wait for No Man -- Chapter 4. Barrier Island Breakdown: the Ephemeral Outer Banks of North Carolina -- Chapter 5. A Different Kind of Sea-Level Story from Malaysia -- Chapter 6. What Lies Beneath? Revealing Coastal Processes through Mapping -- Chapter 7. The Anthropocene, Wait, What? A Basque’s Coastal Experience Helps to Figure it Out -- Chapter 8. A Tale of Two Hydrogeology Problems in Coastal North Carolina -- Chapter 9. Drilling the North Carolina Coastal Plain – Discovering What Lies Beneath -- Chapter 10. Earthquake-Driven Coastal Change: Ghost Forests, Graveyards and “Komodo Dragons” -- Chapter 11. A Scientist’s Personal 70-Year Discourse with Past, Present and Future Coastal Change -- Chapter 12. Climate, Sea Level, and People – Changing South Florida’s Mangrove Coast -- Chapter 13. Pictures from Space and Feet in the Mud: Understanding the Value of the World’s Changing Mangrove Forests -- Chapter 14. What is Happening to the World’s Coral Reefs? -- Chapter 15. The Water, the Coast, the Future -- Chapter 16. Afterword: The Power of the Ocean.
    Abstract: The book communicates coastal geology such that the reader gets a better understanding of how scientists work and how scientific knowledge is acquired and how it progresses. It presents the human side of geologic research, including missteps, in this case, research on coastal change of the recent past, the present, and the near future. The audience for this volume is the general public, coastal managers, politicians, and decision makers in general, in the coastal realm. But the implications of this work with regard to future climate change and human responses are relevant globally.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVI, 267 p. 189 illus., 149 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030523831
    Series Statement: Springer Climate,
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Soil science. ; Geomorphology. ; Sedimentology. ; Physical geography. ; Biodiversity. ; Soil Science. ; Geomorphology. ; Sedimentology. ; Physical Geography. ; Biodiversity.
    Description / Table of Contents: Overview -- History of Soil Studies in Nevada -- Soil-Forming Factors -- General Soil Regions of Nevada -- Soil Geomorphology of Nevada -- Diagnostic Horizons and Taxonomic Structure of Nevada Soils -- Taxonomic Soil Regions of Nevada -- Aridisols -- Mollisols -- Entisols -- Inceptisols -- Alfisols, Vertisols, and Andisols -- Soil-Forming Processes in Nevada -- Benchmark, Endemic, Rare, and Endangered Soils in Nevada.-Land Use in Nevada -- Conclusions.
    Abstract: This book discusses Nevada in the context of the history of soil investigations; soil-forming factors; general soil regions; soil geomorphology; taxonomic structure of the soils; taxonomic soil regions; soil-forming processes; benchmark, endemic, rare, and endangered soils; and use of soils. With an average mean annual precipitation of 175 mm (7 in), Nevada is the driest state in the USA. More than three-quarters (89%) of the state has been mapped and the first soil survey was completed in 1909. Nevada is divided into 10 major land-resource areas and features two large deserts (the Great Basin Desert and the Mojave Desert), and over 100 north–south trending enclosed basins separated by mountain ranges (Basin and Range Province), several of which have peaks exceeding 3,400 m. Further, the soils of Nevada represent seven of the 12 globally recognized orders, 29 suborders, 69 great groups, and over 1,800 soil series, and some of the classic research on the origin of duripans and petrocalcic horizons was conducted in the state. This book presents the first report on the soils of Nevada and provides the first soil map of Nevada utilizing soil.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XV, 301 p. 104 illus., 84 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030531577
    Series Statement: World Soils Book Series,
    DDC: 631.4
    Language: English
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  • 129
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Environment. ; Physical geography. ; Environmental sciences Social aspects. ; Environmental policy. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Physical Geography. ; Environmental Social Sciences. ; Environmental Policy.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Climate Change -- Chapter 3: Extinctions -- Chapter 4: Thresholds -- Chapter 5: Resources -- Chapter 6: Population -- Chapter 7: Agriculture -- Chapter 8: Urbanization -- Chapter 9: Practical Solutions.
    Abstract: This textbook explores the growing area of human-environment interaction. We live in the Anthropocene, an era dominated by humans, but also by the positive yet destructive environmental feedbacks that are poised to completely reset the relationships between nature and society. Modern and historic political, social, and cultural processes and physical landscape responses determine the intensity of these impacts. Yet different cultural groups, political and economic entities view, react to, and impact these human-environmental processes in spatially distinct and divergent ways. Providing an accessible, up-to-date, approach to human-environment interactions with balanced coverage of both social and natural science approaches to core environmental issues, this textbook is an integrative, multi-disciplinary offering that discusses environmental issues and processes within the context of human societies. The book begins by addressing the three most pressing issues of our time: climate change, threshold exceedance, and the 6th mass extinction. From there the authors identify within chapters on resources, population, agriculture and urbanization what precipitated and continues to sustain these three issues. They end with a chapter outlining some practical solutions to our human-environment crises. The book will be a valuable resource for interdisciplinary environment related courses bridging the gap between the social and natural sciences, human geographies and physical geographies. Mark R. Welford is Head and Professor of Geography at the University of Northern Iowa, USA. He is the author of Geographies of Plague Pandemics: The Spatial-Temporal Behavior of Plague to the Modern Day. He is also a co-Principal Investigator on a National Science Foundation RAPID grant entitled “Tracking and Understanding Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Arctic.” Robert A. Yarbrough is Associate Professor of Geography in the Department of Geology and Geography at Georgia Southern University, USA. His research areas include nature-society geographies, critical cultural geographies, and immigration. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: IX, 249 p. 23 illus., 21 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030560324
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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  • 130
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    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Agriculture. ; Human geography. ; Subsistence farming. ; Physical Geography. ; Agriculture. ; Human Geography. ; Subsistence Agriculture.
    Abstract: This book examines how crop diversification strategies can help to ensure sustainable agricultural development across different land-size categories, with a focus on Malda District in West Bengal, India. Using Malda as the study area, a region with nearly 4 million people, the book assesses the extent, pattern, factors and future of crop diversification and its contribution to the development of agriculture in Malda and in India as a whole. The work presents data from 1995-2015 concerning changing cropping patterns at various land-size distributions, and analyzes the information over the twenty year period to understand the link between crop diversification and agricultural development, in order to combat major agricultural issues and make suitable policy recommendations at micro (rural) and macro (urban) levels of agricultural planning. The study is a unique contribution to the field of agricultural geography, and will be of use to students and researchers, as well as government organizations, city/community planners and agriculture managers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXXVI, 285 p. 116 illus., 48 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030557287
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 131
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Geographic information systems. ; Climatology. ; Environment. ; Natural disasters. ; Physical Geography. ; Water. ; Geographical Information System. ; Climate Sciences. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Natural Hazards.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Application of Geospatial Techniques for Monitoring the Cryospheric Elements of Glacier System in Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) -- 2. Snowmelt Runoff Forecasting in Himalayan Basins using Remote Sensing Inputs -- 3. Understanding Climate Change and its Impacts with Special Reference to India -- 4. Snow, Glacier and Glacier Lake Mapping and Monitoring Using Remote Sensing Data -- 5. Remote Sensing Based Assessment of Glacier Resources in Parts of Ladakh Mountain Range, A Trans-Himalayan Region -- 6. Geodetic Mass Balance Estimation for Bada Shigri Glacier and Samudra Tapu Glacier in Chandra basin -- 7. Analysis of Snow Dynamics in Beas River Basin, Western Himalaya Using Combined Terra-Aqua MODIS Improved Snow Product and In-Situ Data during 21st Century -- 8. Inventory of Moraine Dammed Lakes in Satluj, Ravi, Chenab, and Beas Basins using IRS- LISS III Satellite Data in the Western Himalayan Region of Himachal Pradesh, India -- 9. Late Quaternary Glacial Geomorphology of Kashmir Valley, NW Himalayas: A Case Study of the Sind Basin -- 10. Snow Cover and Land Surface Temperature Assessment of Mana Basin Using MODIS Satellite Data -- 11. Seasonal ground water fluctuation monitoring using GRACE satellite technology over Punjab and Haryana during 2005 – 2015 -- 12. Importance of regulating transboundary aquifers in the world with special reference to Indian subcontinent: A review -- 13. Chemical Weathering in Jhelum River and its Tributaries, Kashmir Basin, Western Himalaya -- 14. Groundwater Storage Assessment Using Effective Downscaling Grace Data in Water-Stressed Regions of India -- 15. Water quality of Himalayan Rivers in Uttarakhand -- 16. Study of Solute Sources and hydrochemical Analysis of Meltwater Draining from the Gangotri Glacier, Garhwal Himalaya, India -- 17. Geochemical Characterization and Evolution of Groundwater in Parts of Kashmir Valley, Western Himalaya -- 18. Delineation of Groundwater Potential Recharge Zone Using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques – A Case Study of Rampur Tehsil, Shimla District, Himachal Pradesh India -- 19. Geospatial Approach for Water Quality Index Mapping for Drinking Purpose in Guna District, Madhya Pradesh, India, Madhya Pradesh, India -- 20. Application of Environmental Isotopes and Hydrogeochemistry in Groundwater Management – A Case Study of Bringi Watershed, Kashmir Himalayas, India.
    Abstract: This edited book summarizes numerous research studies on remote sensing and GIS of natural resource management for the Himalaya region done by Indian Institutions and Universities over the last decade. It gives an overview of hydrometeorological studies on Himalayan water resources and addresses concerns in the development of water resources in this region, which is dealing with an increased pressure in population, industrialization and economic development. While the source of some of the major rivers of India are found in the Himalayas, the glaciers and water bodies in the region are continuously shrinking leading to a depletion of water and deterioration of water quality. This is affecting a population of up to 2.5 billion people. The ecosystems have been under threat due to deforestation, loss of biodiversity, expansion of agriculture and settlement, overexploitation of natural resources, habitat loss and fragmentation, poaching, mining, construction of roads and large dams, and unplanned tourism. Spaceborne remote sensing with its ability to provide synoptic and repetitive coverage has emerged as a powerful tool for assessment and monitoring of the Himalayan resources and phenomena. This work serves as a resource to students, researchers, scientists, professionals, and policy makers both in India and on a global level. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVI, 355 p. 247 illus., 230 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030679323
    Series Statement: Geography of the Physical Environment,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Keywords: Environmental health. ; Public health. ; Physical geography. ; Pollution. ; Environmental geography. ; Security systems. ; Environmental Health. ; Public Health. ; Physical Geography. ; Pollution. ; Integrated Geography. ; Security Science and Technology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1-Environmental Legislation -- Chapter 2-Health Impact Assessment -- Chapter 3-Environmental Impact Assessment -- Chapter 4-Environmental Health Planning -- Chapter 5-Water and Waste Water Treatment -- Chapter 6-Air Pollution Control -- Chapter 7-Noise Pollution Control -- Chapter 8-Solid and Semi-solid Waste Management -- Chapter 9-Building and Changing Infrastructure -- Chapter 10-Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Management -- Chapter 11-Restoration. .
    Abstract: This two-volume work discusses environmental health, the branch of public health concerned with all aspects of the natural and built environment affecting human health, and addresses key issues at the global and local scales. The work offers an overview of the methodologies and paradigms that define this burgeoning field, ranging from ecology to epidemiology, and from pollution to environmental psychology, and addresses a wide variety of global concerns including air quality, water and sanitation, food security, chemical/physical hazards, occupational health, disease control, and injuries. The authors intend to provide up-to-date information for environmental health professionals, and to provide a reference for students and consultants working at the interface between health and environmental sectors. Volume 2 covers the technological, legislative, and logistical solutions for coping with environmental health issues. The principles of environmental legislation are explained in national and international contexts, and assessments are mapped out to craft informed governance plans for health and environmental management. Mitigation measures are introduced to control wastewater and solid waste management and air and noise pollution, and adaptation strategies for emergency preparedness and disaster recovery are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXVII, 279 p. 171 illus., 155 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030644840
    DDC: 613.1
    Language: English
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    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Geology. ; Geomorphology. ; Geographic information systems. ; Physical geography. ; Mineralogy. ; Geology. ; Geomorphology. ; Geographical Information System. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Mineralogy.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1.Introduction -- Chapter 2-Background -- Chapter 3-Ice age outbursts -- Chapter 4-Channeled scabland -- Chapter 5-Erosional features -- Chapter 6-Depositional features. .
    Abstract: This heavily illustrated book contains descriptions and geologic interpretations of photographs (mostly aerial) illustrating the power and magnitude of repeated Ice Age flooding in the Pacific Northwest, as recently as 14,000 years ago. The scale of Ice Age floods was so huge that today it is often difficult to see and appreciate the power and magnitude of such megafloods from ground level. However, from the air, landforms created by the floods often come into clear focus. Aerial images, obtained via unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) as well as fixed-wing airplane, add a new perspective on evidence gathered by dozens of scientists since 1923.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XI, 180 p. 298 illus., 291 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030530433
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Biotic communities. ; Conservation biology. ; Ecology . ; Earth System Sciences. ; Ecosystems. ; Conservation Biology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Part I. Historical perspectives -- Chapter 2. Cities in the Water: Waterscape and Evolution of Urban Civilization in Southern Mesopotamia as seen from Tell Zurghul, Iraq (Davide Nadali) -- Chapter 3. Reed-Swamps in the Sumerian Material Culture: Archaeological, Archaeobotanical and Experimental Insights from the Abu Tbeirah Excavations (Licia Romano, Alessandra Celant, Maria Virginia Montorfani, Franco D'Agostino) -- Chapter 4. Human Ecology of the Marshes (Ariel I. Ahram) -- Chapter 5. Role of women in ancient Mesopotamia and the southern marshes of Iraq: a comparative account (Laith A. Jawad) -- Part II. Environmental factors -- Chapter 6. Physical and chemical characters of Mesopotamian marshes: a short review (Bahram K. Maulood and Fikrat M. Hassan) -- Chapter 7. Hydrologic structures in the Tigris Euphrates Bas and their impact on the vitality of the Marshes (Toon Bijnens) -- Chapter 8. Importance of Hydrological and Hydrogeological Studies in Wetlands: Examples from Turkey (Melis Somay-Altas) -- Chapter 9. Use of Multispectral and Hyperspectral Satellite Imagery for Monitoring Water Bodies and Wetlands (Mahdi Hasanlou and Seyd Teymoor Seydi) -- Chapter 10. Usage of Satellite technology in monitoring the wetlands of Turkey, Tigris and Euphrates Watershed (Gordana Kaplan, Zehra Yigit Avdan, Ugur Avdan) -- Part III. Geology -- Chapter 11. Sedimentology and Mineralogy of Quaternary Sediments of Marshes, South of Iraq (Badir N. Albadran) -- Part IV. Major biotope -- Chapter 12. Phytoplankton and Primary Production in Iraqi marshes (Bahram K. Maulood and Fikrat M. Hassan) -- Chapter 13. Distribution patterns, diversity centres and priorities for conservation of Iranian true aquatic plants (Ahmadreza Mehrabian) -- Chapter 14. Compiled checklist of aquatic invertebrates of the southern marshes of Iraq (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 15. The Indian shad Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) in the southern marshes of Iraq: a revision and evaluation of a compiled data (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 16. The presence of Gambusia fish in the southern marshes of Iraq: bad or good (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 17. Checklist of freshwater fishes of southwestern wetlands of Iran (Hamid Reza Esmaeili) -- Chapter 18. Checklist of fishes of the Caspian Sea basin: Land of Wetlands (Hamid Reza Esmaeili, Keyvan Abbasi) -- Chapter 19. The ornithological importance of the southern marshes of Iraq (Mudhafar A. Salim, Salwan A. Abed, and Richard F. Porter) -- Part V. Biodiversity aspects -- Chapter 20. Northern Gulf Marine Biodiversity in Relevance to the River Discharge (Faiza Al-Yamani, Igor Polikarpov, Maria Saburova) -- Chapter 21. A possible threat to the fish biodiversity in the southern marshes of Iraq: a mini review (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 22. Biotic homogenisation: a process that happening in the southern marshes of Iraq (Laith A. Jawad) -- Part VI. Natural resources -- Chapter 23. Fish, fishing methods and Fisheries of the southern marshes of Iraq (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 24. The artisanal fishers in the southern marshes of Iraq and the traditional ecological knowledge (Laith A. Jawad) -- Part VII. The marshes and human health -- Chapter 25. Fish consumption of mothers and their children in fishermen society in the marsh areas (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 26. Ingestion of fish bones: clinical cases from the marsh areas of Iraq (Laith A. Jawad) -- Part VIII. Environmental challenges -- Chapter 27. The status of pollution in the southern marshes of Iraq: A short review (Nader A. Salman, Hamid T. Al-Saad, Faris J. Al-Imarah) -- Chapter 28. The effects of man-made noise on the fishes in the marshes of Iraq (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 29. Heavy metals in wetlands in Turkey (Onur Can Türker and Jan Vymazal) -- Chapter 30. Locals’ awareness of ecotourism in the southern marshes of Iraq (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 31. The effects of thermal pollution on the aquatic life in the southern marshes of Iraq (Laith A. Jawad) -- Part IX. Conservation -- Chapter 32. What ecological principles required for a proposed establishment and management of national parks in the southern marshes of Iraq (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 33. The possible difficulties and outcomes of the biodiversity conservation of the southern marshes of Iraq (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 34. Co-Management scheme to protect the southern marshes of Iraq: a proposal (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 35. Eradication as a method to manage the non-native fish in the marsh environment: a proposal (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 36. Freshwater commercial bycatch in the southern marshes of Iraq: the unexploited aquatic wealth and understated conservation problem (Laith A. Jawad) -- Part X. Socio-economic aspects -- Chapter 37. Ornamental fish farming: a proposal for a successful small scale aqua business project in the southern marshes of Iraq (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 38. Migration of youth to the big cities from the southern marshes of Iraq: solutions to keep locals with an upgrading for their skills and livelihood (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 39. The daily life of the marsh Arab of the southern marshes of Iraq through a camera lens (Laith A. Jawad) -- Chapter 40. Socio-economic status comparison of fishermen community in two marsh areas in southern Iraq (Laith A. Jawad).
    Abstract: The Mesopotamian marshes are important for economic, social, and biodiversity values and have been home to indigenous human communities for millennia. They are regarded as a legendary site. This multi-authored book contains chapters written by world-renowned experts in their field. Both basic and applied information are made available, making the book a must-have for a wide spectrum of users. For example, an understanding of the natural and the social aspects of the marshes, as described here, is an obvious prerequisite for a pest management plan in this area. Scholars interested in wetlands can use this book as a guide to compare different wetlands areas in Asia. The bibliography section contains valuable references to the marsh areas and research in the field. This book serves as an up-to-date comprehensive source of information on different aspects of the southern marshes of Iraq and is aimed at academic scholars, environmentalists, and decision makers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIII, 815 p. 364 illus., 262 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030662387
    Series Statement: Coastal Research Library, 36
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Biogeography. ; Oceanography. ; Physical geography. ; Geochemistry. ; Biogeosciences. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Geochemistry.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 -- Introduction 2 -- Biogeochemical mechanisms of interaction between living and inert matter with radioactive and chemical components of marine environment 3 -- Semi-empirical theory of mineral and radioisotope exchange of living and inert matter in the marine environment 4 -- Theory of radioisotope and chemical homeostasis of marine ecosystems.
    Abstract: The book is dedicated to the study and mathematical definition of the biogeochemical patterns of organic and inorganic matter interaction with the marine environment's radioactive and chemical components. This book describes the radioisotope and mineral exchange theory between organic and inorganic matters in the marine environment on a time scale of metabolic processes and trophic interactions. The approach is parametrically compatible with modern techniques describing the matter and energy balance in aquatic ecosystems. The criteria for assessing the ecological capacity, biogeocenoses assimilation capacity, and water masses radio capacity, which form the basis of the theory of radioisotope and mineral homeostasis of marine ecosystems, are substantiated. This book presents methods to implement sustainable development of the Black Sea's critical and recreational zones according to the marine pollution factors. This book does that by regulating the balance between the consumption of water quality resources and their reproduction as a result of natural biogeochemical processes are proposed. The book is of interest to scientists working in marine geology, marine ecology, biogeophysics, and biogeochemistry. This book is also necessary for professionals working in institutions and administrations coordinating maritime activities, environmental projects, and developing aquaculture technologies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 312 p. 131 illus., 13 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030805791
    Series Statement: Springer Oceanography,
    DDC: 578.09
    Language: English
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  • 136
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    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Human geography. ; Cultural geography. ; Geography. ; Economic geography. ; Physical geography. ; Human ecology Study and teaching. ; Social and Cultural Geography. ; Human Geography. ; Geography. ; Economic Geography. ; Physical Geography. ; Environmental Studies.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I: Introducing hidden geographies -- Conceptualising hidden geographies -- Cognitive geography. Space reflected in the mind -- Symbolization in (of) space. Theory and practices -- Geographies of the sacred: The mystical literature as a source of knowledge -- Part II: Hidden environmental geographies -- Soils – A hidden world: A case study of soil sequences on carbonate parent materials in Slovenia -- Uncovering spatio-temporal air pollution exposure patterns during commutes to create an open-data endpoint for routing purposes -- Burden of the coastal area with solid waste in Kornati National Park (Croatia) -- Potential for the development of astronomical tourism in Kumano City, Mie Prefecture, Japan -- Part IV: Hidden historical and sacred places -- Visualising the subterranean: Tunnels and flows beneath a Welsh lead mining landscape -- Hidden geographies of the XVI Century road Network and trade in Georgia's portion of the Silk Road -- Boundary stones and their "Hidden" legacy in Slovenia -- The monastic Carthusian space -- Part V: Hidden urban geographies -- Hidden urban geographies, the case of Barcelona.
    Abstract: This book defines and discusses the term “hidden geographies” in two ways: systematically and by presenting a variety of examples of the research fields and topics concerning hidden geographies, with the aim of stimulating further basic and applied research in this area. While the term is quite rarely used in the scientific literature (more often as a figure of speech than to illustrate or problematize its deeper meaning), we argue that hidden geographies are everywhere and many of them have significant impacts on (other) natural and social phenomena and processes, subsequently triggering changes, for example in landscape, economy, culture, health or quality of life. The introductory section of the book conceptualises hidden geographies and discusses cognitive geography, symbolization of space, and the hidden geographies in mystical literature. Case studies of hidden environmental geographies address soils, air pollution, coastal pollution and the allocation of an astronomical tourism site. Revealing hidden historical and sacred places is illustrated through examples of the visualisation of the subterranean mining landscape, the analysis of the historical road network and trade, border stones and historical spatial boundaries, and the monastic Carthusian space. Hidden urban geographies are discussed in terms of the urban development of an entire city, presenting the role of geography in rescuing architecture, revealing illegal urbanisation, and the quality of habitation in Roma neighbourhoods. Case studies of hidden population geographies shed light on the ageing of rural populations and the impact of spatial-demographic disparities on fertility variations. Discussions of hidden social and economic geographies problematize recent social changes and conflicts in a country, present the implementation of the fourth industrial revolution and borders as hidden obstacles in the organisation of public transport. Hidden geographies are explicitly linked to perceptions and explanations in case studies that address local responses to perceived marginalisation in a city, the solo women travellers’ perceived risk and safety, and hidden geographical contexts of visible post-war landscapes. The book brings such a diversity of views, ideas and examples related to hidden geographies that can serve both to deepen their understanding and their various impacts on our lives and environment, and to attract further cross-disciplinary interest in considering hidden geographies – in research and in our every-day lives.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: IX, 528 p. 177 illus., 160 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030745905
    Series Statement: Key Challenges in Geography, EUROGEO Book Series,
    DDC: 304.2
    Language: English
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  • 137
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    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Ecology . ; Oceanography. ; Environmental education. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Physical Geography. ; Ecology. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Environmental and Sustainability Education. ; Water.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I: General on ocean literacy -- Ocean literacy: background, future drivers and opportunities -- Ocean literacy – From a ripple to wave -- A framework for the assessment of the effectiveness of ocean literacy initiatives -- Exploring and exploiting deep ocean, space -- Ocean literacy – In the context of naming of seas. Case study: The sea between Korea and Japan -- Part II: Education -- Design-based implementation research for exploring the ocean. A geographical perspective -- Innovative education strategies to advance ocean literacy -- Education under sail: Could sail training be the quintessential alternative education space for ocean Literacy?- Part III: Applications -- The importance of Ocean literacy in the Mediterranean Region - Steps towards blue sustainability.
    Abstract: This book provides an original review of Ocean Literacy as a component of public policy in Europe and beyond. The impact of the ocean on human activities is one of the most significant environmental issues facing humanity. By offering valuable insights into the interrelationships between geography, environment, marine science and education, the book explores key issues relating to the future of our planet and the way people respond to them. This volume discusses concepts concerning citizenship education and co-creation and the role of public policy and different international initiatives in raising awareness and mitigating the effects of over-use and misuse of valuable resources. A range of innovative projects are presented and evaluated from the local to national and global levels.This book advances knowledge and provides a picture of these advances, presents the issues and challenges, including the important role that geography education and geographical awareness could play in advancing the case for Ocean Literacy. This crossdisciplinary book appeals to students and scientists as well as professionals and practitioners in geography, environmental and marine sciences, international policy and many related fields.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIV, 294 p. 129 illus., 117 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030701550
    Series Statement: Key Challenges in Geography, EUROGEO Book Series,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Earth sciences. ; Physical geography. ; Civil engineering. ; Geotechnical engineering. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Earth Sciences. ; Physical Geography. ; Civil Engineering. ; Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences. ; Water.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction to Karst and Geology of Croatia -- The Dinaric karst system in Croatia -- Underground karst morphology (speleology) -- Caves in Croatia - Caves in the central part of Dinaric karst -- Caverns found and explored during construction work in the Dinaric Karst of Croatia -- Caverns found and explored during construction of road tunnels in Istria and the Gorski kotar region -- Caverns found and explored during the construction of road tunnels in Lika and Dalmatia regions and the city of Rijeka -- Caverns found and explored during the construction of bridges, viaducts, roads and railroads -- Caverns found and explored during the construction of airports and in quarries -- Particularly interesting and rare occurrences in caves of the Dinaric Karst in Croatia -- Cave speleometry in the Dinaric Karst of Croatia -- Research Methods -- International activity of speleologists from Croatia -- .
    Abstract: This book offers readers a thorough introduction to the Dinaric Karst System in Croatia. As the first comprehensive book on the country’s caves and karst, it presents a wealth of fascinating photographs from its karst underground. To date, ca. 12,000 caves and pits have been confirmed in Croatia, approximately 35% of which contain constant groundwater. Knowing the amount, direction and quality of groundwater that has been discovered in caves of the Croatian karst allows us to predict with greater certainty the hydrogeological situation of some karst areas where no special drilling or borehole measurements were performed. In the process of building highways in the country’s karst regions over the last thirty years, thousands of caverns (speleological features without natural entrances) were discovered and thoroughly explored. All of them were geologically mapped, surveyed, and photographed in detail. Extensive research was systematically carried out in Croatian karst regions on sections of roads, highways, cuttings, slides, tunnels, bridge foundations, viaducts, etc., while creating ca. 800 kilometers of highways (such as the Zagreb-Rijeka highway, Zagreb-Split-Dubrovnik highway, Y-Ipsilon of Istria semi-highway, Rijeka-Rupa highway, Zagreb-Zadar semi-highway, and the Rijeka bypass). Some of these caverns contain major chambers like in the “Sveti Rok” tunnel and in some of them, like in the “Vrata” tunnel, it was even necessary to build a bridge. This bridge is the longest one in the world built in a tunnel over a cavern. The book describes this and many more features of the cave exploration of the Dinaric Karst System of Croatia, making it a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, cavers, and all other readers interested in karst.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXV, 437 p. 449 illus., 445 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030805876
    Series Statement: Cave and Karst Systems of the World,
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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  • 139
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Environment. ; Physical geography. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Physical Geography. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- List of Abbreviations -- Abstract of the book. Bottom gravity currents and overflows in deep channels of the Atlantic -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Deep Water Masses of the South and North Atlantic -- Chapter 2. General Overview of Abyssal Pathways, and Channels (for Waters of the Antarctic Origin) -- Chapter 3. Source Regions -- Chapter 4. Exchange between the Argentine and Brazil Basins; Abyssal Pathways and Bottom Flow Channels (for Waters of the Antarctic Origin) -- Chapter 5. Further Propagation of Antarctic Bottom Water from the Brazil Basin -- Chapter 6. Fractures in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge of the North Atlantic -- Chapter 7. Eastern Basin Pathways and Further Propagation of Antarctic Bottom Water in the East Atlantic -- Chapter 8. Passages in the East Azores Ridge -- Chapter 9. Flows through the Northern Channels in the North Atlantic -- Summary of Research and Integrated Conclusions.
    Abstract: This book is dedicated to the analysis of bottom waters flows through underwater channels of the Atlantic Ocean. The study is based on recent observations of the authors, analysis of historical data, numerical modeling, and literature review. For example, studying both the measurements from the World Ocean Circulation experiment in the 1990s and recent measurements reveals the decadal variations of water properties in the ocean. Seawater is cooled at high latitudes, descends to the ocean bottom, and slowly flows to the tropical latitudes and further. This current is slow in the deep basins, but intensifies in the abyssal channels connecting the basins. The current overflows submarine topographic structures and sometimes forms deep cataracts when water descends over slopes by several hundred meters. The flow of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is studied on the basis of CTD sections combined with Lowered Acoustic Doppler Profiling (LADCP) carried out annually, and long-term moored measurements of currents. This book is a collection of oceanographic data, interpretation, and analysis, which can be used by field oceanographers, specialists in numerical modeling, and students who specialize in oceanography. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXX, 483 p. 1 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030830748
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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  • 140
    Keywords: Ecology . ; Oceanography. ; Geochemistry. ; Physical geography. ; Human ecology Study and teaching. ; Geography. ; Biooceanography. ; Geochemistry. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Environmental Studies. ; Geography. ; Ocean Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Estuarine Acidification: An overview -- Estuaries of Indian Sundarbans: A Test Bed for Acidification Study -- Impact of Acidification on Fishes -- Impact of Acidification on Molluscs -- Impact of Acidification on Plankton -- Impact of Acidification on Ecosystem Services of Sundarban Estuaries -- Regulatory Role of Blue Carbon in Estuarine Acidification -- Estuarine Acidification: Management and Mitigation.
    Abstract: This book provides a cross-sectoral, multi-disciplinary assessment of different problems associated with estuarine acidification with special thrust on mangrove dominated Indian Sundarban estuaries. The arms of ocean acidification have extended to coastal and estuarine waters, where a wide spectrum of biodiversity thrives with unique adaptation extending several ecosystem services. Impact of acidification in these areas is a matter of concern as acidification potentially has more immediate effects on the health of estuaries and inshore regions as well as regional economies. Ground zero data collected for more than three decades have made the book stand on a strong base.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 402 p. 330 illus., 308 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030847920
    DDC: 578.77
    Language: English
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  • 141
    Keywords: Landscape ecology. ; Agriculture. ; Physical geography. ; Landscape Ecology. ; Agriculture. ; Physical Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Agricultural Landscapes: History, Status and Challenges -- Exploring Agricultural Landscapes: Recent Progress and Opportunities for Eurasia -- Optimizing Agricultural Landscapes: Measures Towards Prosperity and Sustainability -- The Russian Food Security Doctrine: Historical Roots and Major Limitations -- The Work of VV Dokuchaev in the Chernozem Zone of Russia: a Contribution to Productive and Sustainable Agrolandscapes, and a Basis for Recent Research -- Renewable Resources from Agriculture and Forestry – State of Use and Innovative Concepts in Germany -- Promising Agricultural Management Practices and Soil Threats in Europe and China -- Long-Term Field Experiments (LTEs) – Importance, Overview, Soil Organic Matter.
    Abstract: The book informs about agricultural landscapes, their features, functions and regulatory mechanisms. It characterizes agricultural production systems, trends of their development, and their impacts on the landscape. Agricultural landscapes are multifunctional systems, coupled with all nexus problems of the 21th century. This has led to serious discrepancies between agriculture and environment, and between urban and rural population. The mission, key topics and methods of research in order to understanding, monitoring and controlling processes in rural landscapes is being explained. Studies of international expert teams, many of them from Russia, demonstrate approaches towards both improving agricultural productivity and sustainability, and enhancing ecosystem services of agricultural landscapes. Scientists of different disciplines, decision makers, farmers and further informed people dealing with the evolvement of thriving rural landscapes are the primary audience of this book.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXV, 734 p. 327 illus., 294 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030674489
    Series Statement: Innovations in Landscape Research,
    DDC: 577.5
    Language: English
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  • 142
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Biotic communities. ; Ecology . ; Conservation biology. ; Environmental management. ; Physical geography. ; Sustainability. ; Ecosystems. ; Ecology. ; Conservation Biology. ; Environmental Management. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Sustainability.
    Description / Table of Contents: Ecosystem Collapse and Climate Change: An Introduction -- PART I. Polar and Boreal Ecosystems -- Ecosystem Collapse on a Sub-Antarctic Island -- Permafrost Thaw in Northern Peatlands: Rapid Changes in Ecosystem and Landscape Functions -- Post-fire Recruitment Failure as a Driver of Forest to Non-forest Ecosystem Shifts in Boreal Regions -- A Paleo-perspective on Ecosystem Collapse in Boreal North America -- PART II. Temperate and Semi-arid Ecosystems -- The 2016 Tasmanian Wilderness Fires: Fire Regime Shifts and Climate Change in a Gondwanan Biogeographic Refugium -- Climate-Induced Global Forest Shifts due to Heatwave-Drought -- Extreme Events Trigger Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystem Collapses in the Southwestern USA and Southwestern Australia -- PART III. Tropical and Temperate Coastal Ecosystems -- Processes and Factors Driving Change in Mangrove Forests: An Evaluation Based on the Mass Dieback Event in Australia’s Gulf of Carpentaria -- Recurrent Mass-Bleaching and the Potential for Ecosystem Collapse on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef -- Sliding Toward the Collapse of Mediterranean Coastal Marine Rocky Ecosystems -- Marine Heatwave Drives Collapse of Kelp Forests in Western Australia -- Impact of Marine Heatwaves on Seagrass Ecosystems.
    Abstract: Human-driven greenhouse emissions are increasing the velocity of climate change and the frequency and intensity of climate extremes far above historical levels. These changes, along with other human-perturbations, are setting the conditions for more rapid and abrupt ecosystem dynamics and collapse. This book presents new evidence on the rapid emergence of ecosystem collapse in response to the progression of anthropogenic climate change dynamics that are expected to intensify as the climate continues to warm. Discussing implications for biodiversity conservation, the chapters provide examples of such dynamics globally covering polar and boreal ecosystems, temperate and semi-arid ecosystems, as well as tropical and temperate coastal ecosystems. Given its scope, the volume appeals to scientists in the fields of general ecology, terrestrial and coastal ecology, climate change impacts, and biodiversity conservation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VIII, 366 p. 93 illus., 86 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030713300
    Series Statement: Ecological Studies, Analysis and Synthesis, 241
    DDC: 577
    Language: English
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  • 143
    Keywords: Paleontology . ; Physical geography. ; Paleontology. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- General aspects on non-mammaliaform cynodonts and the origin of mammals -- The radiation of Mesozoic Mammals -- Australosphenidans -- Triconodontians -- Dryolestoideans -- Stem therians -- Multituberculates and Gondwanatherians -- Other records -- The South American Mesozoic record and early evolution of mammals.
    Abstract: This book summarizes the most relevant published paleontological information, supplemented by our own original work, on the record of Mesozoic mammals’ evolution, their close ancestors and their immediate descendants. Mammals evolved in a systematically diverse world, amidst a dynamic geography that is at the root of the 6,500 species living today. Fossils of Mesozoic mammals, while rare and often incomplete, are key to understanding how mammals have evolved over more than 200 million years. Mesozoic mammals and their close relatives occur in a few dozen localities from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Bolivia, and Peru spanning from the Mid- Triassic to the Late Cretaceous, with some lineages surviving the cataclysmic end of the Cretaceous period, into the Cenozoic of Argentina. There are roughly 25 recognized mammalian species distributed in several distinctive lineages, including australosphenidans, multituberculates, gondwanatherians, eutriconodonts, amphilestids and dryolestoids, among others. With its focus on diversity, systematics, phylogeny, and their impact on the evolution of mammals, there is no similar book currently available.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVII, 388 p. 137 illus., 56 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030638627
    Series Statement: Springer Earth System Sciences,
    DDC: 560
    Language: English
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  • 144
    Keywords: Pollution. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Physical geography. ; Public health. ; Engineering geology. ; Pollution. ; Water. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Public Health. ; Geoengineering.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction and Guide to the Handbook of Water Resources Management: Discourses, Concepts and Examples -- Water a unique phenomenon and resource -- Water and its Management: Dependence, Linkages and Challenges -- A drop in the ocean: on writing histories of water resource management -- Water Ethics -- Water law and rights -- Water discourses -- The water security discourse and its main actors -- Water governance and policies -- Economics of water security -- Drivers, pressures and stressors: the societal framework of water resources management -- Water resources management: integrated and adaptive decision making -- Observation, monitoring and data management -- Assessment of water quantity -- Assessment of land/catchment use and degradation -- Freshwaters: global distribution, biodiversity and ecosystem services, and human pressures -- Water, energy and food relations in Gulf Cooperation Council -- Examples of water resources management options -- Examples of water and land use management -- Water and energy -- Water management and stewardship in mining regions -- Water-related hazard and risk management -- Groundwater and conjunctive use management -- Storage Reservoir Operation and Management -- Complexity in water management and governance.
    Abstract: This book provides an overview of facts, theories and methods from hydrology, geology, geophysics, law, ethics, economics, ecology, engineering, sociology, diplomacy and many other disciplines with relevance for concepts and practice of water resources management. It provides comprehensive, but also critical reading material for all communities involved in the ongoing water discourses and debates. The book refers to case studies in the form of boxes, sections, or as entire chapters. They illustrate success stories, but also lessons to be remembered, to avoid repeating the same mistakes. Based on consolidated state-of-the-art knowledge, it has been conceived and written to attract a multidisciplinary audience. The aim of this handbook is to facilitate understanding between the participants of the international water discourse and multi-level decision making processes. Knowing more about water, but also about concepts, methods and aspirations of different professional, disciplinary communities and stakeholders professionalizes the debate and enhances the decision making.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXX, 810 p. 323 illus., 269 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030601478
    DDC: 363.73
    Language: English
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  • 145
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Geology. ; Physical geography. ; Geotechnical engineering. ; Geology. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Analytical methods in the interpretation of self-potential anomalies- a comprehensive review -- 2. Metaheuristics inversion of Self-Potential anomalies -- 3. Self-Potential inversion and uncertainty analysis via Particle Swarm Optimization -- 4. Interpretation of Self-Potential anomalies for investigating faults using the Levenberg-Marquardt and Particle Swarm Optimization methods: a study case in Çanakkale-Ayvacık, Turkey -- 5. Estimation of the buried model parameters from the self-potential data applying advanced approaches: A comparative study -- 6. Determining the structure factor and parameters of a buried polarized structure from Self potential anomaly data -- 7. Ensemble Kalman Inversion for Determining Model Parameter of Self-Potential Data in the Mineral Exploration -- 8. Advanced analysis of self-potential anomalies: Review of case studies from mining, archaeology and environment -- 9. Preferential groundwater flow pathways in sinkholes using self-potential (SP) method: A study case of Anina karstic region (Banat Mountains, Romania) -- 10. Quantification of thickness for oil reservoir and determination of Rw for estimation of water saturation using SP log -- 11. High resolution electrical resistivity tomography and self-potential mapping for groundwater and mineral exploration in different geological settings of India.
    Abstract: The book deals primarily with the aspects of advances in Self-Potential geophysical data modeling, different interpretation techniques, new ideas and an integrated study to delineate the subsurface structures associated with exploration, contamination, buried paleochannels, archaeological investigations, glaciology, geomorphology, subsurface mapping and also in hydrocarbon exploration.The book is specifically aimed with the state-of-art information regarding research advances and new development in these areas of study, coupled to extensive modelling and field investigations obtained from around the world. It is extremely enlightening for the students, research workers, scientists, faculty members in Applied Geophysics, Near Surface Geophysics, Potential field, Electrical and Electromagnetic methods, Mathematical Modeling Techniques in Earth Sciences, as well as Environmental and other practical problems associated with Earth Sciences.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 314 p. 178 illus., 139 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030793333
    Series Statement: Springer Geophysics,
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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  • 146
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Physical geography. ; Geographic information systems. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Geographical Information System.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. The surface elevation probability distribution of nonlinear random waves -- Chapter 2. Statistical distribution sea surface slopes -- Chapter 3. On the dispersion relation of sea waves -- Chapter 4. Modeling the shape of the pulse reflected from the sea surface -- Chapter 5. Effect of long surface waves on the Bregg scattering of microwave -- Chapter 6. Impact of physical and chemical characteristics of the sea water on Bregg scattering of the radio waves -- Chapter 7. Measurements of statistical moments of sea surface slopes based on satellite sensing data -- Chapter 8. Contrast of optical images at the slick-ripple interface -- Chapter 9. Variability of the ocean-atmosphere interface as a light reflecting surface -- Chapter 10. Physical limitations on the accuracy of remote detection of wind speed over the sea.
    Abstract: This book considers the formation of the signal reflected from the sea surface when sensing in the radio and optical range. Currently, remote sensing from space is the main source of information about the processes taking place in the atmosphere and ocean. The correct interpretation of remote sensing data requires detailed information about the rough surface that forms the reflected signal. The first three chapters describe the statistical and spatial-temporal characteristics of the sea surface, focusing on the effects associated with the nonlinearity of sea surface waves. The analysis makes extensive use of data obtained by the authors on a stationary oceanographic platform located on the Black sea. In the next seven chapters, the authors analyze how the nonlinearity of waves affects the formation of a signal reflected from the sea surface. This book is geared for advanced level research in the general subject area of remote sensing and modeling as they apply to the coastal marine environment. It is of value to scientists and engineers involved in the development of methods and instruments of remote sensing, analysis and interpretation of data. It is useful for students who have decided to devote themselves to the study of the oceans.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 222 p. 105 illus., 1 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030587529
    Series Statement: Springer Oceanography,
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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  • 147
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Geology. ; Geomorphology. ; Physical geography. ; Geology. ; Geomorphology. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Presentation -- Monographs -- Comparative Analysis and Synthesis -- Application to the Digging of Artificial Chambers -- Study of Sarawak Chamber -- The future of Underground Plants.
    Abstract: This book documents and describes 32 natural caves from France and around the globe that have a width larger than 50 m, including data on the largest underground chamber in the world: Sarawak Chamber. Artificial caves are not able to be constructed at these volumes and most of these naturally forming chambers had never been surveyed before with little geological data available. Methodologies for studying these large volume Karst chambers are described and for each site, a survey, a geomorphological sketch, a description and photographic images are provided. The process of the mechanical transportation by underground running water, of an insoluble but erodible rock located below thick limestone roofs via digging, scouring and racking are explained through these example to clarify the genesis of the largest volumes in the world. The purpose of this study was to estimate whether these natural contexts could be transposed to the digging of artificial caverns to accommodate underground nuclear power plants. Indeed, the comparison of the effects of the Lucens nuclear accident with those of Chernobyl and Fukushima shows the whole interest of an underground solution. These examples of natural chambers indisputably show that this is possible.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 201 p. 230 illus., 100 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030587321
    Series Statement: Advances in Karst Science,
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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  • 148
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Earth sciences. ; Geography. ; Physical Geography. ; Earth Sciences. ; Regional Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Landscapes and Landforms of Scotland: a Geomorphological Odyssey -- Part I Physical Environment: Scotland: Geological Foundations and Landscape Evolution -- Long-term Denudation and Geomorphology in Scotland -- The Quaternary in Scotland -- Scotland’s Changing Landscape -- Part II Landscapes and Landforms: Geomorphology of the Continental Shelf -- Shetland -- Orkney and Caithness -- The Outer Hebrides and St Kilda -- The Islands of the Hebridean Igneous Province: Skye, Mull, Rùm and Arran -- The Islands of Islay, Jura, Colonsay, Tiree and Coll -- The Far Northwest: Sutherland, Assynt and Coigach -- Wester Ross -- Rock-slope Failures in the North West Highlands -- The Glacial Geomorphology around Inverness and the Great Glen -- Glen Roy and Glen Spean -- Western Grampian Highlands -- The Cairngorm Mountains -- Fluvial Landforms of Glen Feshie and the Spey Drainage Basin -- Central and Eastern Grampian Highlands -- The Buchan Palaeosurface -- Beaches and Dunes of the Moray Firth Coast -- Beaches and Dunes of Eastern Scotland -- Loch Lomond, Menteith and the Forth Valley -- Glacifluvial and Glacilacustrine Landforms of the Midland Valley -- The Midland Valley: Ice-moulded Lowlands -- Upland Landscapes and Landforms of the Southern Uplands -- The Solway Lowlands and Coast -- Part III Geoheritage, Scotland's Geomorphological Heritage and its Conservation -- Index.
    Abstract: This book provides an appealing and informative overview of the outstanding landforms and landscapes of Scotland. Scotland is internationally renowned for the diversity of its geology, landforms and landscapes. The rock record spans most of geological time, from the Archaean to the Palaeogene, and represents the outcome of tectonic plate movements, associated geological processes, and sea-level and climate changes. Scotland incorporates primeval gneiss landscapes, the deeply eroded roots of the Caledonian mountain chain, landscapes of extensional tectonics and rifting, and eroded remnants of volcanic complexes that were active when the North Atlantic Ocean opened during the Palaeogene. The present relief reflects uplift and deep weathering during the Cenozoic, strongly modified during successive episodes of Pleistocene glaciation. This striking geodiversity is captured in this book through 29 chapters devoted to the evolution of Scotland’s scenery and locations of outstanding geomorphological significance, including ancient palaeosurfaces, landscapes of glacial erosion and deposition, evidence of postglacial landscape modification by landslides, rivers and wind, and coastal geomorphology. Dedicated chapters focus on Ice Age Scotland and the associated landscapes, which range from alpine-type mountains and areas of selective glacial erosion to ice-moulded and drift-covered lowlands, and incorporate accounts of internationally renowned sites such as the ‘Parallel Roads’ of Glen Roy, the Cairngorm Mountains and the inselbergs of Assynt. Other chapters consider the record of postglacial rock-slope failures, such as the famous landslides of Trotternish on Skye, and the record of fluvial changes since deglaciation. The sea-level history of Scotland is addressed in terms of its raised and submerged shorelines, while several chapters discuss the contrasting coastal landscapes, which range from the spectacular sea cliffs of Shetland and Orkney to the beaches and dunes of eastern Scotland. The role of geoconservation in preserving Scotland’s outstanding geomorphological heritage is outlined in the final chapter. The book offers an up-to-date and richly illustrated reference guide for geomorphologists, other Earth scientists, geographers, conservationists, and all those interested in geology, physical geography, geomorphology, geotourism, geoheritage and environmental protection. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 503 p. 273 illus., 242 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030712464
    Series Statement: World Geomorphological Landscapes,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 149
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Soil science. ; Physical geography. ; Agriculture. ; Soil Science. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Physical Geography. ; Agriculture.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction (Hamdi A. Zurqani) -- Chapter 2. The history of soil mapping and research (Mukhtar. M. Elaalem) -- Chapter 3. Soil Forming Factors and Processes (Khaled R. Ben Mahmoud) -- Chapter 4. Soil Classification and Properties (Mukhtar. M. Elaalem) -- Chapter 5. Major Limiting Factors Affecting Agricultural Use and Production (Bashir A. Nwer) -- Chapter 6. Land Cover Land Use and the Vegetation Distribution (Hamdi A. Zurqani) -- Chapter 7. Soil Microbiology and Biotechnology (Eman Ali Ferjani) -- Chapter 8. Land Degradation and Desertification (Bashir A. Nwer).
    Abstract: This book presents the soil pedodiversity in Libya. Soils are the source of all life; there can be no life without them. Further, each soil has its own history and its present conditions, which have been shaped by many different factors (e.g. climate, biota, parent material, and relief or topography). The book, divided into eight chapters, provides extensive information on Libyan soils. Chapter one provides an introduction and a broad perspective of the subject, while Chapter two covers the history of soil mapping and research in Libya. Chapter three focuses on local factors of soil formation and describes the geology and climate of the region to explain the diversity of its soils. Chapter four discusses soil classification systems and those most commonly used in the country. The fifth chapter illustrates the constraints and limiting factors that negatively affect agricultural activities across the country. The land cover/land use and the vegetation of the country are described in Chapter six. In turn, Chapter seven presents the status quo of soil biology, the corresponding related research activities, and the other biological properties of Libyan soils. The final chapter (Chapter eight) focus on land degradation and desertification in Libya, emphasizing the main causes, impacts of the phenomena, and efforts to combat it. This book demonstrates the problems that the country is currently facing as a result of climate change, soil erosion, salinization, and pollution, and outlines potential remedies to improve local food security. Bringing together the perspectives and expertise of many distinguished scientists from various universities and institutions in and outside of Libya, the book represents a unique and highly valuable resource. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 134 p. 94 illus., 89 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030663681
    Series Statement: World Soils Book Series,
    DDC: 631.4
    Language: English
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  • 150
    Keywords: Earth sciences. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Natural disasters. ; Sustainability. ; Physical geography. ; Earth Sciences. ; Water. ; Natural Hazards. ; Sustainability. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Integrated Water Resources Management of Thatipudi Command Area -- Streamflow health and variability analysis of Roanoke River, USA -- Enhancing water use efficiency through micro irrigation -- Hydrological modelling to study the impacts of climate and LULC change at basin scale: A review -- Reservoir Operation of Dharoi Dam: Fuzzy logic Approach -- Water Resource Management for Coal based Thermal Power Plant -- Estimation of Trap Efficiency And Useful Life of a Reservoir -- Evaluation of reservoir sedimentation using satellite data -- Hydraulic design of service nd emergency gates- A case study -- Regionalisation of watersheds using fuzzy c means clustering algorithm in west flowing rivers of Kerala.
    Abstract: This book explores many recent techniques including ANN, fuzzy logic, hydraulic models and IWRM utilized for integrated water resources management, a real challenge in India for obtaining high irrigation efficiency. The book deals with topics of current interest, such as climate change, floods, drought, and hydrological extremes. The impact of climate change on water resources is drawing worldwide attention these days; for water resources, many countries are already stressed and climate change along with burgeoning population, rising standard of living, and increasing demand are adding to the stress. Further, river basins are becoming less resilient to climatic vagaries. Fundamental to addressing these issues is hydrological modelling which is covered in this book Further, integrated water resources management is vital to ensure water and food security. Integral to the management is groundwater and solute transport. The book encompasses tools that will be useful to mitigate the adverse consequences of natural disasters.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: X, 288 p. 133 illus., 112 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030794002
    Series Statement: Water Science and Technology Library, 107
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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  • 151
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Geophysics. ; Physical geography. ; Geology. ; Mineralogy. ; Geophysics. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Geology. ; Mineralogy.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Continental lithosphere -- Chapter 2: Indian shield -- Chapter 3: Petrology -- Chapter 4: Lithosphere structure -- Chapter 5: Geothermal structure -- Chapter 6: Integration of insights -- Selected bibliography. .
    Abstract: This book explores the geotectonic evolution of the lithosphere beneath the Indian Shield, which comprises a collage of cratons variously bounded by mobile belts and palaeo-rifts. The lithosphere beneath these is fairly thin compared to other cratons worldwide, petrologically varied and shows considerable variation in thickness with depth both intra-craton and among cratons. Moreover, it has been subjected to the influence of repeated magmatic episodes from Proterozoic to Palaeocene, which have variously impacted different parts of the shield. The thermotectonic influence on constituent cratons is variable depending on the evolutionary history. This book discusses the impact of successive tectonomagmatic events on the evolution of the deep crust and shallow mantle, and their Phanerozoic modification as gleaned through the xenolith window. The book provides a petrotectonic perspective on the deep crust and shallow mantle from direct samples brought up as xenoliths of deep lithologies, and offers a comprehensive overview for students, researchers, academics and professionals, integrating the results of petrological studies of deep lithologies and geophysical investigations to (i) shed light on the physico-chemical and thermal structure of the lithosphere from an array of geotectonic settings and (ii) gain insights into the spatio-temporal evolution of the Indian Shield. An in-depth guide critical thinking on the complex issue of mantle differentiation, magmatism, lithosphere modification and crustal growth over time, the book allows readers to gain a better understanding of the processes that affect the lithosphere and shape the crust on which we live.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVIII, 259 p. 71 illus., 38 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030529420
    Series Statement: Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences, 20
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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  • 152
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    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Environment. ; Environmental management. ; Physical geography. ; Management. ; Power resources. ; Conservation biology. ; Ecology . ; Environmental Sciences. ; Environmental Management. ; Physical Geography. ; Management. ; Natural Resource and Energy Economics. ; Conservation Biology.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Executive Summary -- 2. The Context of Coral Reef Degradation and Loss -- 3. Coral Reef Ecology -- 4. Global Environmental Policy -- 5. International Finance -- 6. The Origins and History of Coral Reef Conservation Finance -- 7. Government Domestic Budgetary Expenditures -- 8. Conservation Easements -- 9. Government International Budgetary Expenditures -- 10. Impact Investing -- 11. Payments for Ecosystem Services -- 12. Ecotourism -- 13. Debt Conversions -- 14. Blue Procurement Models -- 15. Blue Bonds and Seascape Bonds -- 16. Additional Solutions -- 17. The Future of Coral Reef Conservation Finance -- 18. Concluding Thoughts About Conservation Finance.
    Abstract: This book critically engages with how the conservation of tropical coral reefs is financed. Beginning with the context of tropical coral reef degradation and loss, alongside an overview of tropical ecology, global environmental policy and finance, the book reviews several conservation financing instruments. These include ecotourism, debt-for-nature swaps, impact investments, and government domestic budgetary expenditures. From the Great Barrier Reef, to the Coral Triangle, to the Mesoamerican Reef, tropical coral reef degradation and loss are serious global environmental issues, contributing to loss revenue and food insecurity for coastal communities, and species extinction. Yet, many leading companies, individuals, and governments are making a positive impact on tropical coral reef conservation through the use of conservation finance. Conservation of Tropical Coral Reefs, using 30 case studies which span 23 countries and 6 continents, tells the history of international conservation finance and provides a variety of options for individuals, businesses, and governments to support conservation financing projects. Brian McFarland is the Senior Vice President at Carbonfund.org Foundation. Brian is a certified Project Management Professional by the Project Management Institute, a Certified Sustainability Professional from the International Society of Sustainability Professionals, and holds dual graduate degrees in Business Administration and Global Environmental Policy. Brian has also published two previous books entitled, REDD+ and Business Sustainability and Conservation of Tropical Rainforests: A Review of Financial and Strategic Solutions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: LV, 728 p. 57 illus., 47 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030570125
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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  • 153
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Geography. ; Environment. ; Environmental policy. ; Sociology. ; Physical geography. ; Environmental management. ; Geography. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Environmental Policy. ; Sociology. ; Physical Geography. ; Environmental Management.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Transformation and the Anthropocene -- Chapter 2: Understanding Change and Governing Transformation -- Chapter 3: Domains of Change in Biodiversity Conservation -- Chapter 4: Novel Decisions and Conservative Frames -- Chapter 5: Cultural Landscapes and Novel Ecosystems -- Chapter 6. Climate Change, Conservation, and Expertise -- Chapter 7. Contested Concepts, Cultures of Knowledge and the Chimera of Change -- Chapter 8. Conclusion: Reform, Reinvention, and Renewal.
    Abstract: This book focuses on the present and future challenges of managing ecosystem transformation on a planet where human impacts are pervasive. In this new epoch, the Anthropocene, the already rapid rate of species loss is amplified by climate change and other stress factors, causing transformation of highly-valued landscapes. Many locations are already transforming into novel ecosystems, where new species, interactions, and ecological functions are creating landscapes unlike anything seen before. This has sparked contentious debate not just about science, but about decision-making, responsibility, fairness, and human capacity to intervene. Clement argues that the social and ecological reality of the Anthropocene requires modernised governance and policy to confront these new challenges and achieve ecological objectives. There is a real opportunity to enable society to cope with transformed ecosystems by changing governance, but this is notoriously difficult. Aimed at anyone involved in these conversations, be those researchers, practitioners, decision makers or students, this book brings together diffuse research exploring how to confront institutional change and ecological transformation in different contexts, and provides insight into how to translate governance concepts into productive pathways forward. Sarah Clement is an environmental governance researcher and lecturer in environmental planning and management in the School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK. She also worked as an environmental consultant, researcher, and environmental policy advisor for 10 years in the USA and Australia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVII, 353 p. 6 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030603502
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in Environmental Policy and Regulation,
    DDC: 910
    Language: English
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  • 154
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    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Sustainability. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Climatology. ; Physical geography. ; Sustainability. ; Water. ; Climate Sciences. ; Physical Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Academic Contributions of Prof. R. B. Singh -- Water Science and Sustainability: An Introduction -- The Acceleration Of The Extractivism In The Global Market And The Mudslide In The City Of Mariana (2015): The Human Rights and Brazilian Legislation Perspectives -- Water Use and Management in the Thirthar Valley Basin in Iraq -- Forecast changes in runoff for the Neman River basin -- Integrated Water Resources Management in Southern Africa Two Decades after the Dublin Conference: The Zimbabwean Experience -- Environment and Use of Water with Reference to Kolkata Drainage, West Bengal, India -- Physical Environmental Impact Assessment of Flood: A Case Of Lower Darakeswar-Mundeswari Interfluve In West Bengal -- Quantitative Study of the Relationship between Regional Development and Water Resource Protection-Core Area of Three Gorges Reservoir Area As An Example -- System-Analytical Modeling Of Water Quality for Mountain River Runoff -- River Basin Councils: Evidence from Russia -- Development of The Approach For the Complex Prediction of Spring Flood -- Water Resources Of Madhya Pradesh: Contemporary Issues and Challenges -- Heavy Metal, Oil and Grease Pollution of Water and Sediments in Estuarine Lagoons in Sri Lanka: A Case Study In Negombo Estuarine Lagoon -- Flood Simulation Modelling And Disaster Risk Reduction Of West Tripura District, Tripura, North-East India -- Changing Rainfall Patterns and Their Linkage to Floods in Bhagirathi-Hooghly Basin, India: Implications for Water Resource Management -- Impacts of Beach Placer Mineral Mining in The Shallow Coastal Aquifers Of Southern Tamil Nadu Coast, India -- Industrial Operation of the Biological Early Warning System Bio Argus for Water Quality Control Using Crayfish -- Accepting the Fate: A Study on Water Induced Disaster Affected People Living in Slums -- Water Resource Management through Ecological Restoration in Garhwal Himalaya -- Using structure from motion (SfM) technique for the characterisation of riverine systems – case study in the headwaters of the Volga River -- Change Of Erosive Activity In The Context Of Change Of The Climate -- Assessment of groundwater response and soil moisture fluctuations in the Mugello basin.
    Abstract: This book describes the importance of water resources for socio-economic and ecological development including geomorphic and ecological environments. Hence, conservation, management and development of water resources have become necessary for the all-around development of global populations and the environment. It is the outcome of valuable contributions made by eminent scientists and research scholars who have developed alternative strategies, solutions and models for sustainable water resources through research, monitoring and experiments varying from regional to global scale. This book is of immense use to the policymakers, environmentalists, ecologists, academician, research scholars and people in general concerned with water resources management. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 255 p. 125 illus., 89 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030574888
    Series Statement: Sustainable Development Goals Series,
    DDC: 304.2
    Language: English
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  • 155
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    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Geology. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Water. ; Geology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Stratified / rotating fluid dynamics of the atmosphere.– Ocean -- Development of the equations -- Basic and perturbed states -- Quasi-Geostrophic theory -- Internal waves -- Two-layer model -- Convection -- Boundary layers in stratified fluids -- Jets and buoyant plumes -- Diffusion and transport processes -- Equations for diffusion processes -- Simple models of turbulent diffusion and transport -- Shear flow dispersion -- Transport of suspended sediments -- Estuarine transport -- Simple ecosystem models -- Introduction -- Dynamics of ecosystems -- Ecosystem models.
    Abstract: This book develops a fundamental understanding of geophysical fluid dynamics based on a mathematical description of the flows of inhomogeneous fluids. It covers these topics: 1. development of the equations of motion for an inhomogeneous fluid 2. review of thermodynamics 3. thermodynamic and kinetic energy equations 4. equations of state for the atmosphere and the ocean, salt, and moisture effects 5. concepts of potential temperature and potential density 6. Boussinesq and quasi-geostrophic approximations 7. conservation equations for vorticity, mechanical and thermal energy instability theories, internal waves, mixing, convection, double-diffusion, stratified turbulence, fronts, intrusions, gravity currents Graduate students will be able to learn and apply the basic theory of geophysical fluid dynamics of inhomogeneous fluids on a rotating earth, including: 1. derivation of the governing equations for a stratified fluid starting from basic principles of physics 2. review of thermodynamics, equations of state, isothermal, adiabatic, isentropic changes 3. scaling of the equations, Boussinesq approximation, applied to the ocean and the atmosphere 4. examples of stratified flows at geophysical scales, steady and unsteady motions, inertia-gravity internal waves, quasi-geostrophic theory 5. vorticity and energy conservation in stratified fluids 6.boundary layer convection in stratified containers and basins.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVI, 323 p. 100 illus., 96 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030749347
    Series Statement: Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment,
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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  • 156
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Soil science. ; Earth sciences. ; Physical geography. ; Soil Science. ; Earth Sciences. ; Physical Geography. ; Earth Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. The multiscalar nature of soils -- Chapter 2. History of micromorphology -- Chapter 3. Observation and sampling of soils -- Chapter 4. How to make thin sections -- Chapter 5.The polarised light microscope -- Chapter 6. Other techniques of observation -- Chapter 7. Electron and energy imaging -- Chapter 8. Colours of minerals -- Chapter 9. The micromorphological approach -- Chapter 10. Concept of fabric -- Chapter 11. Multiscalar approach to fabric -- Chapter 12. Basic distribution patterns -- Chapter 13. c/f related distributions I -- Chapter 14. c/f related distributions II -- Chapter 15. Aggregates and aggregation -- Chapter 16. Degree of separation and accommodation of aggregates -- Chapter 17. The nature of voids -- Chapter 18. Morphology of voids I -- Chapter 19. The morphology of voids II -- Chapter 20. Microstructure I -- Chapter 21. Microstructure II -- Chapter 22. Mineral and organic constituents -- Chapter 23. Particle size and sorting -- Chapter 24. Shape of grains: equidimensionality -- Chapter 25. Shape of grains: roundness and sphericity -- Chapter 26. Basalt, granite, and gabbro -- Chapter 27. Schist, gneiss, and amphibolite -- Chapter 28. Quartzite and marble -- Chapter 29. Calcium-bearing sedimentary rocks -- Chapter 30. Sand and sandstone -- Chapter 31. Mineral grains in the soil I: quartz and chalcedony -- Chapter 32. Mineral grains in the soil II: feldspar and mica -- Chapter 33. Mineral grains in the soil III: inosilicates and nesosilicates -- Chapter 34. Mineral grains in the soil IV: carbonates -- Chapter 35. Mineral grains in the soil V: chlorides and sulfates -- Chapter 36. Biominerals I -- Chapter 37. Biominerals II -- Chapter 38. Biominerals III -- Chapter 39. Anthropogenic features I -- Chapter 40. Anthropogenic features II -- Chapter 41. Organic matter I -- Chapter 42. Organic matter II -- Chapter 43. Humus -- Chapter 44. Micromass -- Chapter 45. B-fabric I -- Chapter 46. B-fabric II -- Chapter 47. Imprints of pedogenesis -- Chapter 48. Iron- and manganese-bearing nodules -- Chapter 49. Carbonate nodules -- Chapter 50. Polygenetic nodules -- Chapter 51. Nodules: morphology and border shape -- Chapter 52. Nodules: orthic, anorthic, disorthic -- Chapter 53. Crystals and crystal intergrowths -- Chapter 54. Impregnations -- Chapter 55. Depletions -- Chapter 56. Coatings with clays I -- Chapter 57. Coatings with clays II -- Chapter 58. Micropans, coarse coatings, cappings, and crusts -- Chapter 59. Hypocoatings and quasicoatings: amorphous -- Chapter 60. Coatings and hypocoatings: crystalline -- Chapter 61. Mineral infillings -- Chapter 62. Mineral infillings of biological origin -- Chapter 63. Pedoturbations -- Chapter 64. Faecal pellets -- Chapter 65. Dung and vertebrate excrements -- Chapter 66. Composite pedogenic features -- Chapter 67. Uncommon features -- Chapter 68. Pedofeatures and soil processes -- Chapter 69. Clay dynamics I - Translocation -- Chapter 70. Clay dynamics II - Swelling -- Chapter 71. Water dynamics. -- Chapter 72. Carbonate and gypsum dynamics -- Chapter 73. Processes involving iron oxyhydroxides -- Chapter 74. Biogeochemical processes I -- Chapter 75. Biogeochemical processes II -- Chapter 76. The future of soil micromorphology -- Chapter 77. Beyond the two dimensions -- Chapter 78. The prospect of chemical imaging.
    Abstract: This open access atlas is an up-to-date visual resource on the features and structures observed in soil thin sections, i.e. soil micromorphology. The book addresses the growing interest in soil micromorphology in the fields of soil science, earth science, archaeology and forensic science, and serves as a reference tool for researchers and students for fast learning and intuitive feature and structure recognition. The book is divided into six parts and contains hundreds of images and photomicrographs. Part one is devoted to the way to sample properly soils, the method of preparation of thin sections, the main tool of soil micromorphology (the microscope), and the approach of soil micromorphology as a scientific method. Part two focuses on the organisation of soil fragments and presents the concept of fabric. Part three addresses the basic components, e.g. rocks, minerals, organic compounds and anthropogenic features. Part four lists all the various types of pedogenic features observed in a soil, i.e. the imprint of pedogenesis. Part five gives interpretations of features associated with the main processes at work in soils and paleosols. Part six presents a view of what the future of soil micromorphology could be. Finally, the last part consists of the index and annexes, including the list of mineral formulas. This atlas will be of interest to researchers, academics, and students, who will find it a convenient tool for the self-teaching of soil micromorphology by using comparative photographs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIX, 177 p. 82 illus., 81 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030678067
    DDC: 631.4
    Language: English
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  • 157
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    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Environment. ; Geography. ; Forestry. ; Physical geography. ; Human geography. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Regional Geography. ; Forestry. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Human Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter1 -- Introduction -- Chapter2 -- The Bengal Duars: A Foothill Landscape of the Eastern Himalaya -- Chapter3 -- Forestry of Bengal Duars -- Chapter4 -- Climate Change in Bengal Duars -- Chapter5 -- Assessment of Vulnerability -- Chapter6 -- Perception and Responses of the Forest Villagers -- Chapter7 -- Adaptation Attitude of the Forest Villagers -- Chapter8 -- Recommendations and Conclusions.
    Abstract: This book focuses on more than 100 years of climatic oscillation in Bengal Duars, a unique foothill landscape of the Eastern Himalaya, to discuss the dynamics of life and livelihoods of forest dependent communities towards climate change related impacts. The authors describe the struggles the people of this region face, including climate vulnerability, displacement, migration, and human-animal conflict, and provides a unique and comprehensive analysis of the interconnection between perceptions and responses of forest villagers for survival and adaptation to climate change. The book presents advanced quantitative methods and field-based studies applied in the region to help researchers and policy makers comprehend and measure potential and actual adaptation attitudes of the villagers, while also understanding the present challenges, risk patterns, and potential impacts climate change has on the natural environment and community life. The book will additionally be of interest to students and researchers in geography, forestry, ecology and environmental science.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVII, 71 p. 36 illus., 29 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030738662
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science,
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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  • 158
    Keywords: Environmental management. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Earth sciences. ; Geography. ; Physical geography. ; Environmental Management. ; Water. ; Earth and Environmental Sciences. ; Physical Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1-Issues and challenges of groundwater and surface water management in the semi-arid region -- Chapter 2-Aquifer Mapping & Management and Groundwater Flow Modelling -- Chapter 3-Agriculture, Rainwater harvesting sites, and crop suitability analysis using WOA, RS, and GIS methods -- Chapter 4-Hydrogeological systems: drainage analysis, morphometric analysis, watershed prioritization -- Chapter 5-Integrating watershed Planning and Management using Remote Sensing and GIS methods and modeling -- Chapter 6-Assessment of Groundwater Prospects Zones using RS, GIS, and MIF methods -- Chapter 7-Changes in land use and land cover impact on the groundwater recharge planning and water level -- Chapter 8-Assessment of Groundwater quality mapping for groundwater development -- Chapter 9-Groundwater level variation and Trend analysis of groundwater level -- Chapter 10-Identification of Soil Fertility and Gully Erosion mapping -- Chapter 11-Assessment of Groundwater recharge panning using AHP and WOA Techniques -- Chapter 12-Flood Mapping and Impact Analysis using RS, GIS, and GEE Methods -- Chapter 13-Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing Applications in Water Resources and Irrigation Management -- Chapter 14-Assessment of Evapotranspiration (Et), Rainfall, and Crop Coefficient (Kc) estimation using satellite data -- Chapter 15-Soil Salinity mapping using remote sensing methods -- Chapter 16-Surface runoff modeling for surface and groundwater development and planning.
    Abstract: This book addresses the various challenges in achieving sustainable groundwater development, management, and planning in semi-arid regions, with a focus on India, and discusses advanced remote sensing and GIS techniques for the estimation and management of groundwater resources. The book is timely as there is a need for a better understanding of the various tools and methods required to efficiently and sustainably meet the growing demand for clean surface and groundwater in developing countries, and how these tools can be combined with other strategies in a multi-disciplinary fashion to achieve this goal in water-scarce regions. To wit, the book combines remote sensing and GIS techniques, runoff modeling, aquifer mapping, land use and land cover analyses, evapotranspiration estimation, crop coefficients, and water policy approaches. This will be of use to academics, policymakers, social scientists, and professionals involved in the various aspects of sustainable groundwater development, planning, and management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 571 p. 242 illus., 196 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030681241
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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  • 159
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    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Soil science. ; Ecology . ; Physical geography. ; Agriculture. ; Soil Science. ; Ecology. ; Physical Geography. ; Agriculture.
    Description / Table of Contents: Conceptualising sustainable management of soil organic carbon -- Status and problems of normative monetary valuation of land in Ukraine -- An investable proposal -- Creating digital elevation models using budget unmanned aerial vehicles -- Determination of eroded Chernozem on the Right-Bank Steppe of Ukraine using the Soil Line -- Identification of the structure of soil cover by magnetic susceptibility -- Specificity of processes in hydromorphic soils -- Anthropogenic and genetic conditions for phosphate mobility in individual -- Robinia pseudoacacia and Quercus robur plantings change the physical properties of Calcic chernozem. .
    Abstract: Dokuchaev carried out most of his research in Ukraine. His student and friend, Volodymyr Vernadsky, went on to create trans-disciplinary environmental sciences and the concept of Earth as a living organism, famously taken up by James Lovelock. That spring of ideas still flows and the researches captured in this volume are relevant to present-day problems, and not only in Ukraine. Soils have always been under stress but, in the Anthropocene, mankind is in the driving seat. As a sequel to Soil Science Working for a Living: Applications of soil science to present-day problems, we consider issues of policy as well as soil genesis, attributes and functions in various environments, natural and man-made. We consider human impacts on the soil cover through its use and misuse, highlight methods of research and assessment of soil quality, and the threats of soil degradation. The distinguished contributors also describe and propose various options for evaluation and remediation of degraded soils, drawing on the latest methods of modelling and cartography as well as long-term field experiments and long experience. The book will be invaluable to researchers and practitioners in soil science including graduate and post-graduate education, academics and professionals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIX, 255 p. 60 illus., 33 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030683948
    DDC: 631.4
    Language: English
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  • 160
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Environment. ; Climatology. ; Physical geography. ; Atmospheric science. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Climate Sciences. ; Physical Geography. ; Atmospheric Science.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Initial research of climate change in Poland -- Data and methods of investigations -- Homogeneity of climate series -- Climate change before instrumental measurements -- Change of atmospheric circulation -- Air pressure change -- Solar radiation change -- Change of sunshine -- Change of cloudiness -- Air temperature change -- Air humidity change -- Precipitation change -- Snow cover change -- Change of wind -- Change of selected meteorological phenomena -- Change of bioclimatic indices -- Change of weather types -- Projections of temperature changes in Poland -- Projections of precipitation changes in Poland -- Projected changes in thermal indices related to the agriculture and energy sectors -- Climate change in Poland – summary, discussion and conclusion.
    Abstract: This edited book provides a comprehensive overview of the past, present and future climate development in Poland. The book consists of three main parts. The first part presents the results of the study of climate change before instrumental measurements in Poland in the last millennium. The second part analyses the long-term changes and variability of 36 climate characteristics for 14 climate elements, indices, meteorological phenomena and weather types using data from 79 weather stations in the base period 1951–2018 and for long series up to 239 years (1780–2018). The particular attention is paid to climate extremes. The third part of the book deals with projected changes in temperature, precipitation and thermal indices related to the agriculture and energy sectors. Two future time horizons are carried out: 1) near future: 2021–2050 and 2) far future: 2071–2100. The results for Poland are compared to those from Europe and other parts of the world. The book is addressed to scientists (climatologists, geographers, etc.), academic teachers, students, journalists and all those interested in Poland and climate change in Poland.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XV, 581 p. 279 illus., 250 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030703288
    Series Statement: Springer Climate,
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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  • 161
    Keywords: Environmental policy. ; Environment. ; Engineering geology. ; Physical geography. ; Environmental Policy. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Geoengineering. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Characteristics of a solar geoengineering deployment: Considerations of governance -- Chapter 3: Climate Action: The Feasibility of Climate Intervention on a Global Scale -- Chapter 4: A Moral Framework for Commons-Based Geoengineering -- Chapter 5: A Human Rights Framework for Climate Engineering: A Response to the Limits of Cost-Benefit Analysis -- Chapter 6: The Role of Human Rights in Implementing CDR Geoengineering Options in South Africa -- Chapter 7: Geoengineering and the Question of Weakened Resolve -- Chapter 8: Using Renewable Energy Policies to Develop Carbon Dioxide Removal -- Chapter 9: Associate and Incremental Storage: Opportunities for Increased CO2 Removal with Enhanced Oil Recovery -- Chapter 10: Regulating Geoengineering: International Competition and Cooperation -- Chapter 11: Geoengineering and the Evolution of Dueling Precautions.
    Abstract: The sobering reality of the disconnect between the resolve of the world community to effectively address climate change, and what actually needs to be done, has led to increasing impetus for consideration of a suite of approaches collectively known as “climate geoengineering,” or “climate engineering.” Indeed, the feckless response of the world community to climate change has transformed climate geoengineering from a fringe concept to a potentially mainstream policy option within the past decade. This volume will explore scientific, political and legal issues associated with the emerging field of climate geoengineering. The volume encompasses perspectives on both of the major categories of climate geoengineering approaches, carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VI, 262 p. 13 illus., 11 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030723729
    Series Statement: AESS Interdisciplinary Environmental Studies and Sciences Series,
    DDC: 363.70561
    Language: English
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  • 162
    Keywords: Geology. ; Physical geography. ; Environmental management. ; Geology. ; Physical Geography. ; Environmental Management.
    Description / Table of Contents: Karst Geology of the Upper Midwest, USA -- Exploration and Institutional History of Caves of the Upper Midwest, USA -- Minnesota Caves and Karst -- Iowa Caves and Karst -- Illinois Caves and Karst -- Wisconsin Caves and Karst -- Lead-Zinc Crevices of Iowa, Illinois, and Wisconsin -- Paradigmatic Studies in Midwestern Cave Science -- Cave Faunas of the Upper Mississippi Valley Region -- Intersection of Agriculture and Karst Terrains, Risks and Solutions -- Paleoclimate Studies from Midwestern Caves.
    Abstract: This book discusses the karst and pseudokarst of the Upper Midwest, USA, consisting of the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, and Illinois—the first regional synthesis in 40 years. Starting with an overview of the regional geology of what is largely glaciated fluviokarst and paleokarst developed on Paleozoic carbonates, but including other lithologies such as the St. Peter Sandstone and the Ft. Dodge Gypsum, the caves, springs, sinkholes, and karst hydrogeology of each state are described. Special attention is devoted to the region’s longest caves: Coldwater Cave, Mystery Cave, and the Minnesota Cave Preserve caves. Application of tools such as data loggers and LiDAR, with new conceptual models such as hypogenic speleogenesis, has been transformative here. Special topics include lead and zinc mining in the Driftless Area, vertebrate and invertebrate cave fauna near the Laurentide ice limit, the impact and policies of nutrient and herbicide intensive modern agriculture on karst, and paleoclimate studies. The discovery, exploration, institutional history of caving organizations, and show caves of the Upper Midwest, from the year 1700 onwards, are brought up to date. The top 10 historical paradigms of cave and karst science in the Midwest are reviewed. Perspectives on paleontology, archeology, and Native American rock art are included.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 314 p. 249 illus., 206 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030546335
    Series Statement: Cave and Karst Systems of the World,
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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  • 163
    Keywords: Natural disasters. ; Physical geography. ; Geotechnical engineering. ; Social sciences. ; Humanities. ; Natural Hazards. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences. ; Humanities and Social Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 / Sustainable Development Goals: Life two years after relocation: Status quo of natural hazard induced displacement and relocation in Kegalle, Sri Lanka -- Development of a legume-based disaster resilient emergency food product -- Applicability of drywall technology in disaster relocation projects: Time-based performance analysis -- Research and Innovation in the Context of Disaster Resilience in the Sri Lankan Higher Education Sector -- Role of the Built Environment in rebuilding Displaced and Host Communities -- Strategy for the establishment of Local Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Plans in Sri Lanka: a study on its effectiveness and challenges through a pilot programme -- Disasters, Climate Change and Development Nexus: Food Security Sector in Asia -- The Role and Challenges for Local Governments in Achieving the Resilience of Critical Infrastructure -- Role of Disaster Risk Resilient Cities in Facilitating the Achievement of Sustainable Development -- Disaster Risk Reduction: The Impact of PDO on South-west monsoon rainfall over Sri Lanka and monsoon- ENSO relation -- Local responsiveness to changes in climate: A case of underutilized marine and aquatic resources.
    Abstract: This book presents a collection of papers under the theme of multi-hazard early warning and disaster risks. These were selected from the presentations made at the International Symposium on Tsunami and Multi-Hazard Risks, Early Warning and Community Awareness in supporting implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. This conference aimed to recognize achievements and to highlight work that still needs to be carried out. The conference promoted collaboration among academia, research institutions and disaster management offices, and further encouraged multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral interaction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: LI, 892 p. 239 illus., 214 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030730031
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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  • 164
    Keywords: Environment. ; Soil science. ; Physical geography. ; Geographic information systems. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Soil Science. ; Physical Geography. ; Geographical Information System.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction and Background on Rainfall Erosivity Processes and Soil Erosion -- Chapter 2. Natural Conditions of Central Asia -- Chapter 3. Data sources on Rainfall and RUSLE model -- Chapter 4. Projected Rainfall Erosivity and Soil Erosion in Central Asia -- Chapter 5. Spatio-temporal variations and Projected Rainfall Erosivity and Erosivity Density in Kazakhstan -- Chapter 6. Conclusions and Recommendations.
    Abstract: This book analyses climate change influences on rainfall erosivity and soil erosion across Central Asia, provides an overview (past and projections) on the Central Asian countries where projected changes in rainfall erosivity and erosivity density are the greatest, and discusses the potential impacts on the environment across the region. This analysis is accomplished primarily using the RUSLE model with past and future climate projections, spatiotemporal variations of rainfall erosivity and soil erosion based on WorldClim, and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate models (for Central Asia and separately Kazakhstan). The relationship between precipitation characteristics and erosion has been well established, but spatial and temporal projections of future rainfall erosivity in a changing climate in Central Asia have not been published significantly. Therefore, assessing rainfall erosivity and its consequences can assist specialists and researchers in achieving the best practices for soil conservation. The result of this type of research is all-encompassing, and may reflect normal variations in other parts of the world (for example, the arid and semi-arid regions) and is inherently limited to the Central Asian region.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVIII, 84 p. 36 illus., 35 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030635091
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science,
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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  • 165
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Geology. ; Geographic information systems. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Geology. ; Geographical Information System.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. The Arabian-Nubian Shield, an introduction: historic overview, concepts, interpretations, and future issues -- 2. The boundary between the Saharan metacraton and the Arabian Nubian Shield: insight from Ediacaran shoshonitic granites of the Nuba Mountains (Sudan): U–Pb SHRIMP zircon dating, geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotope constraints -- 3. The Southern Part of the Arabian Nubian Shield in Kenya and Tanzania Harald Fritz and Christoph Hauzenberger -- 4. Tectonic Evolution of the Pan-African Belt in Western Ethiopia, Southern Arabian-Nubian Shield -- 5. Neoproterozoic Crustal Evolution of the northernmost Arabian-Nubian Shield, south Jordan.
    Abstract: ­This richly illustrated book reviews the geology, tectonics and mineralization of the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) in 27 chapters. It starts with an examination of the ANS lithospheric scale features, explores Mesoproterozoic units and deals with the ANS oceanic stage. Arc volcanism and plutonism, post-collision basins and volcanics are discussed, as well as the younger granitoid magmatism and the deformation history of the ANS. The book provides information on ANS glacial stages and late magmatism. Chapters are devoted to review the transition between ANS and the reworked continent to its south. Finally, it discusses how ANS structures influenced the overall East African Rift System.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIX, 771 p. 399 illus., 365 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030729950
    Series Statement: Regional Geology Reviews,
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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  • 166
    Keywords: Environmental management. ; Urban ecology (Biology). ; Physical geography. ; Sustainability. ; Human geography. ; Cultural geography. ; Environmental Management. ; Urban Ecology. ; Physical Geography. ; Sustainability. ; Social and Cultural Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I - Habitat and Environmental Issues of Human Concerns -- Chapter 1: Habitat, Ecology and Ekistics: An Overview -- Chapter 2: Contemporary Environmental Issues - The Indian Perspective -- Chapter 3: Rainfall Insight in Bangladesh and India: Climate Change and Environmental Perspective -- Chapter 4: Habitat linkages for Asian Elephants in Central India -- Chapter 5: Environmental Pollution and Municipal Solid Waste Management in India -- Chapter 6: Assessment of Carbon Footprint across Urban Households in Kolkata -- Part II - Ekistics and Ecology of Social Environment -- Chapter 7: Dwelling in Decay: Analyzing the Spatio-Psychological Paradigm of Dilapidated Dwellings in Kolkata -- Chapter 8: Spatio-temporal Transformation of Urban Built-up Areas for Sustainable Environmental Management in Selected Cities of West Bengal -- Chapter 9: Population pressure and Urban Sprawl in Kolkata Metropolitan Area -- Chapter 10: Socio-ecological niche of Tribes of Purulia district, West Bengal -- Chapter 11: Gajan – A Cultural Heritage of the Marginalized People in Kulpi CD Block, West Bengal. –Part III - Hazards and Environmental Management for Sustainable Development -- Chapter 12: Environmental Vulnerability and Displacement Due to Land Erosion: Selected Case Studies in West Bengal, India -- Chapter 13: Flood Frequency Analysis and its Management in Selected Part of Bardhaman District, West Bengal -- Chapter 14: Spatio-temporal Extent of Agricultural Drought over Western Part of West Bengal -- Chapter 15: Drought induced Human Mobility in Purulia District of West Bengal -- Chapter 16: Traditional Water Management System and Agricultural Sustainability in a Himalayan Foothill Village of Assam, India -- Chapter 17: Management of Wastelands in Chotanagpur Plateau Fringe: Lessons from Village Level Experience in Birbhum District of West Bengal, India -- Chapter 18: Eyeing Sustainability: Electronic Waste Handling in Kolkata.
    Abstract: This volume uses an innovative and interdisciplinary approach to assess various issues resulting from human-environment interactions in relation to sustainable development. The book encompasses theoretical and applied aspects, using both thematic and regional case studies from India, to highlight the impact of human-environment interactions at various spatio-temporal scales, with each study focusing on a particular anthropogenic issue, particularly in an Indian context. The book's three focal themes (e.g. habitat linkages, ekistics and social ecology, hazard and environmental management) elaborate the essential components of human-environment interactions with nature, its impact on the surrounding natural and social environments, and management techniques through research innovations. Readers will learn how maladjustments, disturbances and disasters are often inevitable byproducts of human-environment systems, and what conceptual and practical strategies can be applied towards sustainable coexistence. The book will be of interest to students, academics and policymakers engaged in environmental management, human-environment interactions and sustainable development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIII, 333 p. 99 illus., 85 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030491154
    Series Statement: Advances in Asian Human-Environmental Research,
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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  • 167
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Subsistence farming. ; Environmental sciences Social aspects. ; Environment. ; Life sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Subsistence Agriculture. ; Environmental Social Sciences. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Life Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. Review of Literature -- 3. Data Base and Methodology -- 4. Profile of Study Area & Socioeconomic Analysis of Sample Households -- 5. Quantitative Measurement of District Level Vulnerability in West Bengal Based on Secondary Data -- 6. Vulnerability of Households and Factors Affecting Vulnerability in Different Agro climatic Regions of West Bengal -- 7. Measurement of Vulnerability of Occupational Group of Households in different Agro Climatic Regions of West Bengal -- 8. Gender-wise Vulnerability in Different Agro-climatic Regions of West Bengal -- 9. Adaptation Strategy of the Households Across Five Agro-climatic Regions of West Bengal -- 10. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations.
    Abstract: This book addresses the quantitative measurement of climate change vulnerability at the macro and micro-level and identifies household adaptation strategies to cope with the adverse effects of climate change. Focusing on five different agro-climatic regions of West Bengal: the hill region, foothill region, drought region, and coastal regions of Sunderban and Purba Midnapore, it presents research related to various sectors, including the agricultural, forestry and informal sectors. The book also offers insights into the impact of climate change on smallholdings, forest-dependent communities, fishing and crab collecting communities, casual labourers and workers in the informal sectors, and identifies the key vulnerabilities associated with climate change, as well as the causes of such vulnerability the extent to which remedial measures have been taken. The book particularly highlights the role of Indian governmental policies like Sarva Shiksa Abhiyan, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), the housing scheme, Indira Awas Yojana, the Food for Work Programme, and the rural road building scheme, Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana, which are important for rural development and in reducing vulnerability. Showcasing vulnerability measurement in the socio-ecological system, the book will appeal to developmental practitioners, government implementation agencies, policymakers and researchers in the field of environmental science and policymakers will find this book appealing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 177 p. 54 illus., 53 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030504687
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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  • 168
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Geomorphology. ; Physical geography. ; Geographic information systems. ; Geomorphology. ; Physical Geography. ; Geographical Information System.
    Description / Table of Contents: From the Contents: Introduction -- Part I Switzerland: The geological and tectonic context -- Switzerland: The climatic context -- Part II Structural and karstic landscapes (Case studies) -- Joux valley: Structural and karstic landscapes -- Creux du Van and Travers valley: Structural and karstic landscapes -- Part III The protection of the geomorphological heritage -- Geotourism in Switzerland.
    Abstract: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the Landscapes and Landforms of Switzerland. It covers the country’s geological and tectonic context, together with its climatic context, geomorphological history, structural and karstic landscapes, glacial and periglacial landscapes, landscapes with natural hazards, geomorphology and society, and the preservation of its geomorphological heritage. Richly illustrated, it presents case studies on some of the country’s most famous natural sites, including the Matterhorn, Aletsch Glacier, Sardona Tectonic Arena, and Engadine, among others.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 429 p. 338 illus., 318 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030432034
    Series Statement: World Geomorphological Landscapes,
    DDC: 551.41
    Language: English
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  • 169
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Climatology. ; Environmental monitoring. ; Engineering geology. ; Physical Geography. ; Water. ; Climate Sciences. ; Environmental Monitoring. ; Geoengineering. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Hydrology -- Permafrost and seasonal frozen ground -- Ecosystems -- Linkage and integration.
    Abstract: This book provides a comprehensive, up-to-date assessment of the key terrestrial components of the Arctic system, i.e., its hydrology, permafrost, and ecology, drawing on the latest research results from across the circumpolar regions. The Arctic is an integrated system, the elements of which are closely linked by the atmosphere, ocean, and land. Using an integrated system approach, the book’s 30 chapters, written by a diverse team of leading scholars, carefully examine Arctic climate variability/change, large river hydrology, lakes and wetlands, snow cover and ice processes, permafrost characteristics, vegetation/landscape changes, and the future trajectory of Arctic system evolution. The discussions cover the fundamental features of and processes in the Arctic system, with a special focus on critical knowledge gaps, i.e., the interactions and feedbacks between water, permafrost, and ecosystem, such as snow pack and permafrost changes and their impacts on basin hydrology and ecology, river flow, geochemistry, and energy fluxes to the Arctic Ocean, and the structure and function of the Arctic ecosystem in response to past/future changes in climate, hydrology, and permafrost conditions. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable resource for researchers, graduate students, environmentalists, managers, and administrators who are concerned with the northern environment and resources.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 914 p. 397 illus., 335 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030509309
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 170
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Geology. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Physical geography. ; Geochemistry. ; Geophysics. ; Geology. ; Water. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Geochemistry. ; Geophysics.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction Hydrogeology of Israel -- The mountain carbonate aquifers of Israel -- The coastal aquifers of Israel, including seawater intrusion and SGD -- The vast regional desert Nubian Sandstone aquifer -- The hydrogeological system of the Dead Sea Rift base level -- Recharge processes in the desert and Mediterranean environments -- Groundwater contamination and environmental aspects -- Dating of different groundwater bodies -- Monitoring of groundwater level and salinity changes, related to tides, exploitation and earthquakes -- Paleohydrology of Israel -- Engineering and infrastructural aspects related to groundwater processes (watering, subsidence, sinkholes) -- Hydrogeophysics (borehole logging, TDEM, TEM) -- Ancient groundwater exploitation systems discovered in archaeological sites -- Groundwater resources management. .
    Abstract: This book presents a collection of essays that address various facets of the hydrogeology of Israel. Despite its small geographic size, Israel exhibits a variety of climates and is located between two regional fluctuating base levels. The respective chapters discuss the variety of hydrogeological configurations and hydrological processes produced by these geographical circumstances. In some cases, the interpretation of these aspects is deliberately left open to debate, because the authors were asked to provide, in addition to their own views, also alternative and even conflicting ones. Hydrogeological configurations similar to those in Israel can be found in other countries around the world. Therefore, researchers, scholars and professionals in this interdisciplinary field can benefit from and directly apply the considerable experience and expertise that has been gathered in Israel over the past few decades.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XI, 511 p. 262 illus., 203 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030511487
    Series Statement: Springer Hydrogeology,
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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  • 171
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Environmental management. ; Soil science. ; Physical geography. ; Agriculture. ; Earth sciences. ; Geography. ; Environmental Management. ; Soil Science. ; Physical Geography. ; Agriculture. ; Earth and Environmental Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter1. Introduction -- Chapter2. Land Degradation: Indian Scenario -- Chapter3. Land Degradation in India: Relationship with Deforestation and Population -- Chapter4. Land Degradation in India and Propinquity with Rainfall -- Chapter5. Land Degradation and Agricultural Productivity -- Chapter6. Land Degradation: Reclamation and Policy Adaptation .
    Abstract: This book discusses land degradation in India using statistical tools such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Regression Analysis (RA), and uses statistical analyses and graphical representations of the causal relationship between land degradation and land productivity to determine linkages with deforestation, climate change and agricultural productivity. While most studies of land degradation in India focus on economic outcomes and physical processes at macro and micro levels, this study addresses land degradation at the meso-level to fill in this gap and provide up-to-date information on often overlooked factors associated with land degradation issues using the latest available data. Districts in the study were selected by land degradation intensity, forming an index of the severity of land degradation in the area, with a focus on gullied lands, soil salinity/alkalinity and open and dense scrubs as indicators. Though the study areas are in India, researchers, policy makers and students around the world will be able to learn from these inputs regarding land degradation to address various challenges associated with sustainable land management and agricultural productivity. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VII, 111 p. 53 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030688486
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science,
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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  • 172
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Water.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. General Concepts Of Pollution and Pollutants and Their Nature (Natural And Man-Made Sources Of Pollution Of The World's Oceans) -- 2. Current Problems of The World Ocean Pollution By Microplastic -- 3. Current Problems of The World Ocean Pollution by Oil and Oil Products -- 4. Numerical Modeling Of The Hydrocarbon Spot Shape On The Water Surface -- 5. Oil Spill Response At Sea: Methods and Technologies -- 6. Marine Ecosystems and Features of Their Functioning.
    Abstract: This book provides information on the causes, consequences, and possible solutions to modern environmental problems associated with ocean pollution with a particular focus on the Back Sea. The oceans are a vast but fragile complex. In recent decades, it has become especially manifest when ocean pollution has reached an unparalleled situation. Meanwhile, not only the well-being of ecosystems depends on the state of ocean waters, but human civilization largely depends on the oceans as a consequence of environmental dependence. This book examines the consequences of pollutants such as oil and hydrocarbon products (including plastics and microplastics), water acidification, sewage, wastewaters discharge into the ocean, thermal pollution, nuclear pollution, and biological pollution. Beyond the types of pollutants and their consequences, this book outlines the state of the art of the legal situation internationally regarding ocean pollution. The authors also show the current pollution of the inland seas, taking as an example of the Black Sea (anthropogenic and natural sources of pollution, its shelf, and shallow waters as well as international legislation). A part of the book analyzes the main types of environmental monitoring of the oceans and their role in solving ocean pollution problems with a particular interest in the Black Sea. The book is of interest to specialists in ocean pollution, ecologists, oceanologists, students, and graduate students studying oceanography, marine ecology, current methods of environmental monitoring, and legal problems related to the oceans and seas pollution, as well as to anyone interested in modern problems of the oceans.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 213 p. 42 illus., 26 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030618957
    Series Statement: Springer Oceanography,
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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  • 173
    Keywords: Geographic information systems. ; Physical geography. ; Atmospheric science. ; Environment. ; Energy policy. ; Energy and state. ; Geographical Information System. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Atmospheric Science. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Energy Policy, Economics and Management.
    Description / Table of Contents: Section 1 General -- Chapter 1: Introduction to Challenges and Future Directions in Remote Sensing and GIScience -- Section II Challenges in Sustainable Natural Resources Management -- Chapter 2: Environmental and Livelihood Impact Assessment of 2013 Flash Flood in Alakananda and Mandakini River Valley, Uttarakhand (India) using Environmental Evaluation System and Geospatial Techniques -- Chapter 3: Assessment of Vegetation Vigor using Integrated Synthetic Aperture Radars -- Chapter 4: Landslide Susceptibility Mapping using Bivariate Frequency Ratio Model and Geospatial Techniques: A Case from Karbi Anglong West District in ASSAM, India -- Chapter 5: Retreating Glacier Dynamics over the last quarter of a century at Uttarakhand Region using optical Sensors Time Series Data -- Section III Remote Sensing and GIScience in Urban Growth Management -- Chapter 6: Studying the Impact of Urbanization on HYV Rice Fields at a Local Level using Fine Resolution Temporal RISAT-1 Datasets -- Chapter 7: Identification of Impervious Built-up Surface Features using Resources at 2 LISS-III based Novel Optical Built-up Index -- Chapter 8: Assessment of Building Subsidence in Hanoi Urban Area from 2011 to 2014 by high resolution Radar satellite images -- Chapter 9: Land Use/Land Cover Mapping for Sustainable Land Resources Development of Hisar District, Haryana, India -- Section IV Challenges and Future Directions in GIScience -- Chapter 10 A Spatial Investigation of the Feasibility of Solar Resource Energy Potential in Planning the Solar Cities of INDIA -- Chapter 11 Mapping Rice Growth Stages Employing MODIS NDVI and ALOS AVNIR-2 -- Chapter 12 Habitat Suitability Mapping of Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus) in the Sariska Tiger Reserve (India) using a GIS-based Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process -- Chapter 13 Estimation of Air Pollution Using Regression Modelling Approach for Mumbai Region Maharashtra, India -- Chapter 14 Mapping of Agriculture Productivity Variability for the SAARC Nations year 2050 -- Section V GIScience for Revolution in Science and Society -- Chapter 15 Future Direction of GIScience for Revolution in Science and Society over the Past Twenty Years.
    Abstract: This book covers several themes related to forestry, agriculture, water, soil, urban, and atmospheric research. GIScience technology systems have increased in significance in recent decades and have the ability to acquire information at ground level with a higher spectral resolution using a field radio-spectrometer, which is a great improvement compared to other remote sensing systems. GIScience technology systems are widely used for solving and understanding the concept of forestry, crop, water resources, and related research themes. This book aims to advance the scientific understanding of GIScience technology and applications. The chapters present GIScience data integration with other sources such as LiDAR, Multi-spectral data and their applications in forestry, crop assessment, soil assessment, mineral mapping and related themes. The book will be of interest to geospatial experts, modellers, foresters, agricultural scientists, hyperspectral remote sensing and space community, ecologists and conservation communities, environmental consultants, big data compilers, and computing experts. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 272 p. 95 illus., 88 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030550929
    DDC: 910.285
    Language: English
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  • 174
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Medical sciences. ; Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Public health. ; Epidemiology. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Health Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Water. ; Public Health. ; Epidemiology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1-Overview: Global Ocean Changes – Impact on Human Health -- Chapter 2-Marine Chemistry: Acidity, Salinity and Chemical Composition -- Chapter 3-Marine Phytoplankton and CO2 Balance -- Chapter 4-Deep Water Horizon and Petroleum Exploration -- Chapter 5-The Ocean’s Impact on Emerging Infectious Diseases -- Chapter 6-Diminishing Fisheries and Impact on Human Food Supplies -- Chapter 7-Decreasing Marine Biodiversity -- Chapter 8-Marine Pollutants -- Chapter 9-Marine Biopharmaceuticals -- Chapter 10-Oceans and Rapid Climate Change -- Chapter 11-Hurricanes and Monsoons -- Chapter 12-Arctic Communities and Declining Ice Flow -- Chapter 13-Estuaries and Coastal Ecosystems -- Chapter 14-Current Research Activities.
    Abstract: This book provides a complete and current overview of the correlation between ocean conditions and human health, publishing comprehensively for the first time on the direct interactions among oceanography, marine biology and impacts on human health. Specifically the text addresses how changing ocean conditions result in health impacts and disruptions, with a focus on cases in the USA. ­ The changing ocean conditions that are discussed include diminishing marine biodiversity, climactic changes such as intensified weather events, shifting sea currents and increasing sea temperature. The book addresses the resulting health issues brought about by these various ocean conditions, such as emerging infectious diseases, starvation and poisoning among impacted communities, toxic algae blooms, threatened ecosystems, and other future implications. ­ The text was developed in conjunction with scientists from Brown University, the University of Rhode Island, the University of Texas at Austin, the University of California at Riverside and Ochsner Health, all located in areas deeply impacted by the changing Oceans. ­ The book will be of interest to marine research scientists, health care professionals, students, and general enthusiasts of oceanography and health. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXI, 180 p. 26 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030550127
    Series Statement: Global Perspectives on Health Geography,
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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  • 175
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    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Urban policy. ; Environmental geography. ; Buildings Design and construction. ; Sustainability. ; Environmental sciences Social aspects. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Urban Policy. ; Integrated Geography. ; Building Construction and Design. ; Sustainability. ; Environmental Social Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part 1. Framework -- Chapter 1 The Moveable Nexus, Transforming Thinking on Cities -- Chapter 2 A moveable Nexus: framework for food-energy-water design and planning -- Chapter 3 M-NEX methodology: a design-led approach to the FEW-Nexus -- Part II Design for food in M-Nex -- Chapter 4 Nature driven planning for the FEW-Nexus in Western Sydney -- Chapter 5 The flexible scaffold: design praxis in the FEW-nexus -- Chapter 6 Spatialised method for analysing the impact of food -- Chapter 7 Synergetic planning and designing with urban FEW-flows: lessons from Rotterdam Nico Tillie.-Chapter 8 Le Fouture de Groningen; towards transformational food-positive landscapes -- Chapter 9 Mapping the FEW-Nexus across cascading scales: contexts for Detroit from region to city -- Chapter 10 Redesigning the Urban Food Life through the Participatory Living Lab Platform - Practices in Suburban Areas of the Tokyo Metropolitan Region -- Chapter 11 The Regenerative City - positive opportunities of coupling urban energy transition with added values to people and environment -- Chapter 12 Pig farming vs. Solar farming: exploring novel opportunities for the energy transition -- Chapter 13 Proposal for a database of food-energy-water-nexus projects -- Chapter 14 Linking urban food system and environmental sustainability for the resilience of the cities: the case of Tokyo -- Chapter 15 TransFEWmotion: designing urban metabolism as an M-NEX -- Index.
    Abstract: This book discusses a spectrum of approaches to designing the food-energy-water nexus at different spatial-urban scales. The book offers a framework for working on the FEW-nexus in a design-led context and integrates the design of urban neighbourhoods and regions with methodologies how to simultaneously engaging residents and stakeholders and evaluating the propositions in a FEW-print, measuring the environmental impact of the different designs. The examples are derived from on the ground practices in Sydney, Tokyo, Detroit, Amsterdam and Belfast.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XX, 342 p. 185 illus., 131 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030619770
    Series Statement: Contemporary Urban Design Thinking,
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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  • 176
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Climatology. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Biotic communities. ; Environmental Law. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Climate Sciences. ; Water. ; Ecosystems. ; Environmental Law.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Stage. Planet Earth: Our Home in the Universe -- Act 1. Seven Connections that Set the Scene of Life on Earth -- Act 2. Four Major Connections that Make Living Organisms and Systems Key Players on the Earth’s Scene -- Act 3. Two Major Connections by which Human Actors Disturb the Action of the Play -- Final act. Connections regulate the Earth System scene.
    Abstract: Earth is, to our knowledge, the only life-bearing body in the Solar System. This extraordinary characteristic dates back almost 4 billion years. How to explain that Earth is teeming with organisms and that this has lasted for so long? What makes Earth different from its sister planets Mars and Venus? The habitability of a planet is its capacity to allow the emergence of organisms. What astronomical and geological conditions concurred to make Earth habitable 4 billion years ago, and how has it remained habitable since? What have been the respective roles of non-biological and biological characteristics in maintaining the habitability of Earth? This unique book answers the above questions by considering the roles of organisms and ecosystems in the Earth System, which is made of the non-living and living components of the planet. Organisms have progressively occupied all the habitats of the planet, diversifying into countless life forms and developing enormous biomasses over the past 3.6 billion years. In this way, organisms and ecosystems "took over" the Earth System, and thus became major agents in its regulation and global evolution. There was co-evolution of the different components of the Earth System, leading to a number of feedback mechanisms that regulated long-term Earth conditions. For millennia, and especially since the Industrial Revolution nearly 300 years ago, humans have gradually transformed the Earth System. Technological developments combined with the large increase in human population have led, in recent decades, to major changes in the Earth's climate, soils, biodiversity and quality of air and water. After some successes in the 20th century at preventing internationally environmental disasters, human societies are now facing major challenges arising from climate change. Some of these challenges are short-term and others concern the thousand-year evolution of the Earth's climate. Humans should become the stewards of Earth.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: IX, 572 p. 121 illus., 98 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030677732
    Series Statement: The Frontiers Collection,
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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  • 177
    Keywords: Earth sciences. ; Geography. ; Physical geography. ; Earth and Environmental Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Earth Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Discovering Climate -- Chapter 3. The Language of Science -- Chapter 4. Applying Mathematics to Problems -- Chapter 5. Geologic Time -- Chapter 6. Putting Numbers on Geologic Ages -- Chapter 7. Documenting Past Climate Change -- Chapter 8. The Nature of Energy Received From the Sun – The Analogies with Water Waves and Sound -- Chapter 9. The Nature of Energy Received From the Sun---Figuring Out What Light Really Is -- Chapter 10. Exploring the Electromagnetic Spectrum -- Chapter 11. The Origins of Climate Science---The Idea Of Energy Balance -- Chapter 12. The Climate System -- Chapter 13. What’s At The Bottom of Alice’s Rabbit Hole -- Chapter 14. Energy from the Sun---Long-Term Variations -- Chapter 15. Solar Variability and Cosmic Rays -- Chapter 16. Albedo -- Chapter 17. Air -- Chapter 18. HOH---The Keystone Of Earth’s Climate -- Chapter 19. The Atmosphere -- Chapter 20. Oxygen and Ozone---Products and Protectors of Life -- Chapter 21. Water Vapor---The Major Greenhouse Gas -- Chapter 22. Carbon Dioxide -- Chapter 23. Other Greenhouse Gases -- Chapter 24. The Earth Is a Sphere and Rotates -- Chapter 25. The Coriolis Effect -- Chapter 26. The Circulation of Earth’s Atmosphere -- Chapter 27. The Circulation of Earth’s Oceans -- Chapter 28. The Biological Interactions -- Chapter 29. Sea Level -- Chapter 30. Global Climate Change---The Geologically Immediate Past -- Chapter 31. Human Impacts on the Environment and Climate -- Chapter 32. Predictions of the Future of Humanity -- Chapter 33. Is there an Analog for the Future Climate -- Chapter 34. The Instrumental Temperature Record -- Chapter 35. The Changing Climate of the Polar Regions -- Chapter 36. Global, Regional and Local Effects of Our Changing Climate -- Chapter 37. Final Thoughts.
    Abstract: This book is a thorough introduction to climate science and global change. The author is a geologist who has spent much of his life investigating the climate of Earth from a time when it was warm and dinosaurs roamed the land, to today's changing climate. Bill Hay takes you on a journey to understand how the climate system works. He explores how humans are unintentionally conducting a grand uncontrolled experiment which is leading to unanticipated changes. We follow the twisting path of seemingly unrelated discoveries in physics, chemistry, biology, geology, and even mathematics to learn how they led to our present knowledge of how our planet works. He explains why the weather is becoming increasingly chaotic as our planet warms at a rate far faster than at any time in its geologic past. He speculates on possible future outcomes, and suggests that nature itself may make some unexpected course corrections. Although the book is written for the layman with little knowledge of science or mathematics, it includes information from many diverse fields to provide even those actively working in the field of climatology with a broader view of this developing drama. Experimenting on a Small Planet is a must read for anyone having more than a casual interest in global warming and climate change - one of the most important and challenging issues of our time. This new edition includes actual data from climate science into 2021. Numerous Powerpoint slides can be downloaded to allow lecturers and teachers to more effectively use the book as a basis for climate change education.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVI, 1001 p. 780 illus., 479 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 3rd ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030763398
    DDC: 500
    Language: English
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  • 178
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    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Geology. ; Physical geography. ; Geology. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Speleology in Turkey -- Cave Archaeology in Turkey -- Natural Sciences in the Caves of Turkey -- 45 Interesting Caves of Turkey.
    Abstract: This book comprehensively reviews the historical background of speleology and cave research in the contexts of archeology and natural sciences. It also offers a summary of selected topics related to the karstic terrain of Turkey. Covering 40 % of the country's surface area, Turkey's karstic terrain accommodates thousands of caves. However, understanding the geology, geomorphology, hydrology, biology, and ecosystem dynamics of these caves is still limited. Despite numerous explorations and extensive fieldwork, this is the first comprehensive publication on the topic since 1984. The book presents the 45 most significant caves in Turkey, selected according to several criteria, including esthetical uniqueness. It covers caves of global archeological importance, such as Karain, Yarımburgaz and Üçagızlı, and some of the world's deepest caves, such as Peynirlikönü, Kuzgun, Morca, and Çukurpınar. The book includes a survey and a detailed description of the genesis, geology, geomorphology, and exploration history for each cave.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XI, 108 p. 99 illus., 60 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030655013
    Series Statement: Cave and Karst Systems of the World,
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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  • 179
    Keywords: Water. ; Hydrology. ; Physical geography. ; Natural disasters. ; Water. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Natural Hazards.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction to Climate Change and Groundwater -- 2. Climate and Groundwater Primer -- 3. Historical Evidence for Anthropogenic Climate Change and Climate Modeling Basics -- 4. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and Global Climate Change Projections -- 5. Modeling of Climate Change and Aquifer Recharge and Water Levels -- 6. Sea Level Rise and Groundwater -- 7. Climate Change and Small Islands -- 8. Groundwater Related Impacts of Climate Change on Infrastructure -- 9. Adaptation and Resilience Concepts -- 10. Adaptation Options -- 11. Conjunctive Use -- 12. Climate Change Adaptation - Water Management Decision Making Process -- 13. Regional Hydrological Impacts to Climate Changes and Adaptation Actions and Options -- 14. Applied Climate Change Assessment and Adaptation.
    Abstract: This book attempts to bridge the gap between the climate change research and decision-making communities by exploring the impacts of climate change on groundwater from a more applied perspective. Global climate change will impact groundwater demands, quality, and available supplies, and rising sea level may cause water tables to rise, inundating low-lying coastal areas. Groundwater will increasingly be needed to perform a stabilization role in mitigating fluctuations in the supply of surface waters, serving as a buffer against droughts. Climate change has become a frequent subject in the mass media, and the academic literature on the subject is now enormous. An impediment to climate change adaptation with respect to water is a poor link between the climate change research community and the actual decision-makers responsible for water supply planning. Key issues explored are methods for evaluating potential impacts on climate change on local groundwater systems, the adaptation of decision-making process, and how climate change adaptation can be mainstreamed into the water supply planning.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XV, 350 p. 54 illus., 49 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030668136
    Series Statement: Springer Hydrogeology,
    DDC: 551.48
    Language: English
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  • 180
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    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Earth sciences. ; Soil science. ; Environment. ; Geographic information systems. ; Physical Geography. ; Earth Sciences. ; Soil Science. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Geographical Information System. ; Earth Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter1: Introduction -- Chapter2: Watershed climatic, physiographic and anthropogenic conditions -- Chapter3: Rainwash erosion -- Chapter4: Gully erosion -- Chapter5: Mass movements -- Chapter6: Tunnel erosion -- Chapter7: Spatial interactions of different erosion processes -- Chapter8: Watershed sediment budget -- Chapter9: Comprehensive soil conservation within the watershed -- Chapter10: Watershed modelling and its applications -- Chapter11: Conclusions.
    Abstract: This monograph is a fundamental study of watershed erosion and runoff processes. It utilizes decades of soil erosion data to take a comprehensive and balanced approach in covering various watershed erosion processes. While there are many works on soil erosion and conservation, this book fills the gaps in previously published research by focusing more on mass movement, gully erosion, soil piping/tunnel erosion, and the spatial interactions of different erosion processes. Additionally, the book examines erosion processes in extreme rainfall events, something typically absent in short-term studies but discussed in detail here as the book draws on 60 years of research and observations, including 30 years of the author's own investigations of erosion under a wide range of rainfall conditions. The book is divided into 3 parts, and is intended for soil erosion researchers and practitioners, and postgraduate students studying soil erosion and water conservation. Part 1 opens with a comprehensive and critical review of existing literature on soil erosion processes, discusses this book's place among existing literature, and examines the major erosion processes (rainwash, gully erosion, tunnel erosion, and mass movements) including their controlling factors and mechanisms. Part 2 explores the spatial interactions of these different erosion processes to provide a prerequisite for effective design of comprehensive soil erosion control measures in a watershed. Part 3 evaluates the relative significance of these erosion processes in sediment production, the effectiveness of comprehensive soil and water conservation programs, and the applications of watershed modelling in determining the impact of land-use changes on soil erosion and other ecological processes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: IX, 172 p. 121 illus., 98 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030811518
    Series Statement: Geography of the Physical Environment,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 181
    Keywords: Natural disasters. ; Physical geography. ; Geology. ; Human geography. ; Natural Hazards. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Geology. ; Human Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Part I - CENOZOIC VOLCANISM -- Chapter 1 - Calderas -- Chapter 2 - Composite volcanoes (Stratovolcanoes) -- Chapter 3 -- Silicic dome complexes -- Chapter 4 - Monogenetic mafic volcanism -- Part II - PALEOZOIC VOLCANISM -- Chapter 1 - Ordovician volcanism in the northern Famatina System -- Chapter 2 - Ordovician volcanism in the Puna -- Chapter 3 - Carboniferous extensional volcanism -- References.
    Abstract: This book provides a complete study of the Central Andean volcanism and its most distinctive features, from the lower Paleozoic to the Cenozoic times in the framework of its processes, eruptive mechanisms and geodynamic conditions. It helps readers understand the nature of the volcanic geology and the volcaniclastic related deposits linked to the evolution of the Andean continental margin. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the ancient volcanic successions and the difficulties in recognition of the original rock type caused by the effects of deformation, metamorphism and alteration. The authors use distinctive cases to describe how to apply different tools in analysis and interpretation. The selected representative, well exposed and preserved volcanic records of the Southern Central Andes analyzed in this book open new perspectives in the understanding of the volcanic processes linked to active continental margins as the Central Andes. This book will be of special interest to volcanologists and specialists in the earth sciences and appeal to both undergraduate and graduate students in geology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 166 p. 138 illus., 137 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030520106
    Series Statement: Springer Earth System Sciences,
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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  • 182
    Keywords: Environmental health. ; Environmental geography. ; Public health. ; Physical geography. ; Pollution. ; Environmental Health. ; Integrated Geography. ; Public Health. ; Physical Geography. ; Pollution.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1-Fundamentals of Chemistry for Environmental and Medical Professionals -- Chapter 2-Fundamentals of Physics for Environmental and Medical Professionals -- Chapter 3-Fundamentals of Biology for Environmental and Medical Professionals -- Chapter 4-Introduction to Environmental Sciences -- Chapter 5-Introduction to Medical Sciences -- Chapter 6-Public Health -- Chapter 7-Occupational Health. .
    Abstract: This two-volume work discusses environmental health, the branch of public health concerned with all aspects of the natural and built environment affecting human health, and addresses key issues at the global and local scales. The work offers an overview of the methodologies and paradigms that define this burgeoning field, ranging from ecology to epidemiology, and from pollution to environmental psychology, and addresses a wide variety of global concerns including air quality, water and sanitation, food security, chemical/physical hazards, occupational health, disease control, and injuries. The authors intend to provide up-to-date information for environmental health professionals, and to provide a reference for students and consultants working at the interface between health and environmental sectors. Volume 1 focuses on discussing the fundamentals of physical, chemical, and biological sciences in an environmental health context, and introduces the key concepts that bridge environmental health and medical sciences to accurately inform both environmental and medical professionals. The book addresses different specializations in medical science that account for environmental health issues, and aims to reduce the knowledge gap among professionals on public health topics such as pollution impacts, occupational hazards, radiation exposure, natural disasters, and climate change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIX, 313 p. 171 illus., 155 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030644802
    DDC: 613.1
    Language: English
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  • 183
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    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Oceanography. ; Physical geography. ; Ecology . ; Ecology Methodology. ; Geochemistry. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Biooceanography. ; Ecological Modelling. ; Geochemistry.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Earth System Science -- 2. Ecosystems, Regions, Regimes -- 3. Scientific Methods and Concepts -- 4. Systems Theory -- 5. Water Properties -- 6. Fluid Dynamics Concepts -- 7. Hydrodynamic System of Equations -- 8. Coordinate Systems -- 9. Hydrodynamic Approximations and Balances -- 10. Physical Processes and Phenomena -- 11. Waves, General -- 12. Mechanical Waves -- 13. Boundaries -- 14. Tides -- 15. Topographic Effects -- 16. Ice -- 17. Mathematical Basics -- 18. Differential Equations -- 19. Discrete Mathematics -- 20. Mathematical Concepts and Methods -- 21. Discretized Prototype Equations -- 22. Numerical Concepts and Methods -- 23. Models and Modelling -- 24. Subgridscale Parametrizations -- 25. Carbonate Chemistry -- 26. Biological, Biogeochemical and Ecological Concepts -- 27. Planktonic Organisms -- 28. Life Processes -- 29. Limited Growth -- 30. Primary Production -- 31. Species Interactions -- 32. Biospheric Modeling Concepts and Models -- 33. Aquatic Element Cycling. .
    Abstract: This encyclopedia is a reference for aquatic physical, biological and biogeochemical sciences, collecting and connecting a number of topics, concepts and facts about aquatic systems and their scientific investigation. The scope of the book comprises the aquatic physiosphere-biosphere transition zone, an entity that encompasses both inanimate matter and collectives (the physiosphere) as well as living organisms and collectives (the biosphere). This combined approach is meaningful because both realms are intimately linked and because available methods of investigation are often similar. Much can be gained from considering both spheres at and across their interface jointly, and while there is a strong focus on marine systems, most concepts presented are also applicable to freshwater systems. This presented snapshot of knowledge of the transition zone between the aquatic physiosphere and biosphere is taken from a very specific angle: the point of view of a modeler. Modeling is not only a state-of-the-art mode of scientific investigation, but also requires the explicit specification of all assumptions (helping to avoid fallacies), and offers the advantage of being quantitative and allows for theoretical "what if" scenarios. As in any reference work, equal emphasis is given to fundamental facts, the definition of terms and the explanation of concepts, in an attempt to establish a joint language for physicists, biologists and biogeochemists. Although originating from a modeler's approach to nature, the resulting suite of compatible concepts may also be useful beyond modeling purposes. Furthermore, the material is presented in a condensed, straightforward way. Hence, the length of each entry is limited to one (occasionally two) pages, thus offering a quick introductory overview. This excludes lengthy derivations and very specialized details. The book is geared towards researchers, teachers and advanced students in the field of aquatic (marine and limnic) sciences, in particular those interested or involved in interdisciplinary work. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXVII, 582 p. 242 illus., 206 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030541576
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
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  • 184
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    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Environmental management. ; International relations. ; Physical Geography. ; Water. ; Environmental Management. ; International Relations.
    Description / Table of Contents: Water Resources -- The White Nile -- Background of the White Nile -- Resources of the White Nile -- Eco-Tourism in the White Nile -- Economic Development in the White Nile -- Wetlands of the White Nile -- Part II The Blue Nile -- Background of the Blue Nile -- Resources of the Blue Nile -- Eco-Tourism in the Blue Nile -- Economic Development in the Blue Nile -- Wetlands of the Blue Nile -- Meeting the Challenges -- Environmental Challenges -- Economic Challenges -- Poverty Challenges -- Management Challenges -- Past and Current Initiatives -- Meeting the Challenges.
    Abstract: This book is useful to those in water resources management and policy formulations, hydrologists, environmentalists, engineers and researchers. Exploiting advanced statistical techniques and the latest state-of-the-art multi-mission satellites, surface models and reanalysis products, this book provides the first comprehensive weighing of the changes in the Nile River Basin’s (NRB: ~ 3,400,000 km2 ) stored waters' compartments, surface, soil moisture and groundwater, and their association to climate variability/change and anthropogenic impacts on the one hand. On the other hand, it argues on the need for equitable use of the NRB’s waters by all 11 countries within its basin, and doing away with obsolete Nile treaties that were signed by Britain, Egypt and Sudan, which prohibit the use of the Nile by 8 upstream countries. With Ethiopia’s construction of Africa’s largest dam (GERD; Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) along the Blue Nile, which is expected to take several years to fill, the Nile is back on the news. Combined with Uganda’s Nalubaale, Kiira and Bujagali dams on the White Nile, these human-induced impacts (i.e., damming), coupled with those of climate variability/change, are expected to exacerbate tension with the low stream countries (Egypt and Sudan) fearing the cut in theNile’s total volume. Furthermore, the Nile river, arguably the world’s longest river (6800 km), impacts on the livelihood of over 300 million people of 11 countries within its basin. This population is expected to double in the next twenty-five years, thereby putting extreme pressure on its water resources. An in-depth analysis of changes in the Nile’s stored waters, therefore, is essential to inform its management and sustainable equitable use. Owing to its sheer size, however, obtaining in-situ data from “boots on the ground” is practically impossible, paving way to the space-based weighing of the Nile River Basin using a suite of high spatio-temporal remotely sensed and reanalysis products, as well as those of hydrological models. “Arguably, the Nile River is the most unique river in the world. It spans extremes of rainfall from being measured by meters to being measured by centimeters, from the humid tropics to the driest of deserts. Yet, thirsty people live throughout this basin and therefore the demands on its water resources are uneven. Knowing the water amounts throughout the entire Nile Basin is a critical step for governments and international treaties to avoid the “Tragedy of the Commons”. Africa can embrace this future through the leadership of Prof. Awange and others like him who have devoted their careers to Africa’s waters” —Doug Alsdorf, Ph.D., Professor of Geophysics at the Ohio State University. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVII, 267 p. 92 illus., 88 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030647568
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 185
    Keywords: Environment. ; Paleontology . ; Physical geography. ; Geology. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Paleontology. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Geology.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. The climate system: its functioning and history -- 2. The changing face of the Earth throughout the ages -- 3. Introduction to geochronology -- 4. Carbon-14.
    Abstract: This two-volume book provides a comprehensive, detailed understanding of paleoclimatology beginning by describing the “proxy data” from which quantitative climate parameters are reconstructed and finally by developing a comprehensive Earth system model able to simulate past climates of the Earth. It compiles contributions from specialists in each field who each have an in-depth knowledge of their particular area of expertise. The first volume is devoted to “Finding, dating and interpreting the evidence”. It describes the different geo-chronological technical methods used in paleoclimatology. Different fields of geosciences such as: stratigraphy, magnetism, dendrochronology, sedimentology, are drawn from and proxy reconstructions from ice sheets, terrestrial (speleothems, lakes, and vegetation) and oceanic data, are used to reconstruct the ancient climates of the Earth. The second volume, entitled “Investigation into ancient climates,” focuses on building comprehensive models of past climate evolution. The chapters are based on understanding the processes driving the evolution of each component of the Earth system (atmosphere, ocean, ice). This volume provides both an analytical understanding of each component using a hierarchy of models (from conceptual to very sophisticated 3D general circulation models) and a synthetic approach incorporating all of these components to explore the evolution of the Earth as a global system. As a whole this book provides the reader with a complete view of data reconstruction and modeling of the climate of the Earth from deep time to present day with even an excursion to include impacts on future climate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXIV, 478 p. 262 illus., 121 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030249823
    Series Statement: Frontiers in Earth Sciences,
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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  • 186
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    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Environmental geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Ethnology. ; Culture. ; Economic geography. ; Geography. ; Physical geography. ; Integrated Geography. ; Water. ; Regional Cultural Studies. ; Economic Geography. ; Regional Geography. ; Physical Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- The Ganga Basin -- Geography of the Ganga Basin -- The Ganga and its Tributaries -- The Ganga between Gaumukh and Uttarkashi -- The Major Cultural Towns -- Major Fairs and Festivals -- Economic Significance of the Ganga -- Environmental Issues in the Ganga Basin -- Conclusions.
    Abstract: ‘The Ganges: Cultural, Economic, and Environmental Importance’ is a geographical, cultural, economic, and environmental interpretation of the Ganga River. The Ganga River originates from Gaumukh- situated in the high Himalaya, flows through the world’s biggest fertile alluvial plain, and inlets into the Bay of Bengal at Ganga Sagar. It makes a unique natural and cultural landscape and is believed to be the holiest river of India. The Hindus called it ‘Mother Ganga’ and worship it. The towns/cities, situated on its bank, are world-famous and are known as the highland and valley pilgrimages. The water of the Ganga is pious, and the Hindus use it on different occasions while performing the rituals and customs. This book is unique because no previous study which presents a complete and comprehensive geographical description of the Ganga has been composed. This book presents the historical and cultural significance of the Ganga and its tributaries. Empirical, archival, and observation methods were applied to conduct this study. There are a total of 10 chapters in this book such as ‘Introduction’, ‘the Ganga Basin’, ‘Geography of the Ganga Basin’, ‘the Ganges System: Ganga and its Tributaries’, ‘Ganga between Gaumukh and Uttarkashi’, ‘the Major Cultural Towns’, ‘Major Fairs and Festivals’, ‘Economic Significance of the Ganga’, ‘Environmental Issues’, and ‘Conclusions’. The contents of the book are enriched by 89 figures, 15 tables, and substantial citations and references. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXV, 164 p. 91 illus., 90 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030791179
    Series Statement: Springer Geography,
    DDC: 910
    Language: English
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  • 187
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    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Geology. ; Sustainability. ; Environment. ; Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Geology. ; Sustainability. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Physical Geography. ; Water.
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1. No Poverty -- 2. Zero Hunger -- 3. Good Health and Wellbeing -- 4. Quality Education -- 5. Gender Equality -- 6. Clean Water and Sanitation -- 7. Affordable and Clean Energy -- 8. Decent Work and Economic Growth -- 9. Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure -- 10. Reduced Inequalities -- 11. Sustainable Cities and Communities -- 12. Responsible Consumption and Production Patterns -- 13. Climate Action -- 14. Life Below Water -- 15. Life on Land -- 16. Peace, Justice and Strong institutions -- 17. Partnerships for the Goals -- 18. Conclusions. .
    Abstract: Meeting the targets of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires contributions by scientists focusing on understanding, monitoring, protecting, managing and restoring the natural environment, including geoscientists. This book presents the first detailed discussion on the role of the geological sciences (geosciences) community in the implementation of the SDGs. Unlike traditional geosciences textbooks, it is structured according to development priorities, framed in the context of the 17 SDGs. Written by international experts from diverse range of geosciences / development disciplines, it explores themes linked to both science and the professional practice of science (e.g., ethics, equity, conduct, and partnerships). The book is intended for graduate and senior undergraduate students in the earth sciences, as well as practicing geologists and experts from other sectors involved in sustainability initiatives.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXXIII, 474 p. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030388157
    Series Statement: Sustainable Development Goals Series,
    DDC: 551
    Language: English
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  • 188
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    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Biodiversity. ; Physical geography. ; Biotic communities. ; Pollution. ; Ecology . ; Biodiversity. ; Physical Geography. ; Ecosystems. ; Pollution. ; Terrestial Ecology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1 Introduction to Environment -- Chapter 2 Components of the Earth -- Chapter 3 Earth and its Resources -- Chapter 4 Basics of Ecosystem -- Chapter 5 Major Biochemical Cycles -- Chapter 6 Biodiversity and its Conservation -- Chapter 7 Air Pollution and its Mitigation -- Chapter 8 Pollution and its Mitigation -- Chapter 9 Soil Pollution and its Mitigation -- Chapter 10 Oil Pollution -- Chapter 11 Human Population and the Environment -- Chapter 12 Climate Change: Threat of Era.
    Abstract: This book provides a cross-sectoral, multi-scale assessment of different environmental problems via in-depth studies of the Indian subcontinent. Data collected from different ecosystems forms a strong foundation to explore the topics discussed in this book. The book investigates how mankind is presently under the appalling shadow of pollution, climate change, overpopulation and poverty. The continuing problem of pollution, loss of forests, disposal of solid waste, deterioration of environment, global warming and loss of biodiversity have made nations aware of environmental issues. Many countries are desperately trying to move away from this adverse situation through technological development and policy level approaches. Through a number of case studies the authors provide details of ground level observations of the most environmentally stressed regions in the Indian subcontinent and beyond.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 478 p. 338 illus., 175 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030491314
    DDC: 333.95
    Language: English
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  • 189
    Keywords: Biotic communities. ; Biodiversity. ; Freshwater ecology. ; Marine ecology. ; Climatology. ; Physical geography. ; Botanical chemistry. ; Ecosystems. ; Biodiversity. ; Freshwater and Marine Ecology. ; Climate Sciences. ; Physical Geography. ; Plant Biochemistry.
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- The marine physical environment during the Polar Night -- Light in the Polar Night -- Marine micro- and macroalgae in the Polar Night -- Zooplankton in the Polar Night -- Benthic communities in the Polar Night -- Fish ecology in the Polar Night -- Biological clocks and rhythms in polar organisms -- Sensor carrying platforms -- Operative habitat mapping and monitoring in the Polar Night -- The Polar Night exhibition: Life and light at the dead of night -- Index.
    Abstract: Until recently, the prevailing view of marine life at high latitudes has been that organisms enter a general resting state during the dark Polar Night and that the system only awakens with the return of the sun. Recent research, however, with coordinated, multidisciplinary field campaigns based on the high Arctic Archipelago of Svalbard, have provided a radical new perspective. Instead of a system in dormancy, a new perspective of a system in full operation and with high levels of activity across all major phyla is emerging. Examples of such activities and processes include: Active marine organisms at sea surface, water column and the sea-floor. At surface we find active foraging in seabirds and fish, in the water column we find a high biodiversity and activity of zooplankton and larvae such as active light induced synchronized diurnal vertical migration, and at seafloor there is a high biodiversity in benthic animals and macroalgae. The Polar Night is a period for reproduction in many benthic and pelagic taxa, mass occurrence of ghost shrimps (Caprellides), high abundance of Ctenophores, physiological evidence of micro- and macroalgal cells that are ready to utilize the first rays of light when they appear, deep water fishes found at water surface in the Polar night, and continuous growth of bivalves throughout the winter. These findings not only begin to shape a new paradigm for marine winter ecology in the high Arctic, but also provide conclusive evidence for a top-down controlled system in which primary production levels are close to zero. In an era of environmental change that is accelerated at high latitudes, we believe that this new insight is likely to strongly impact how the scientific community views the high latitude marine ecosystem. Despite the overwhelming darkness, the main environmental variable affecting marine organisms in the Polar Night is in fact light. The light regime during the Polar Night is unique with respect to light intensity, spectral composition of light and photoperiod. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XI, 375 p. 133 illus., 116 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030332082
    Series Statement: Advances in Polar Ecology, 4
    DDC: 577
    Language: English
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    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Human geography. ; Environmental management. ; Agriculture. ; Physical geography. ; Energy policy. ; Energy and state. ; Human Geography. ; Environmental Management. ; Agriculture. ; Physical Geography. ; Energy Policy, Economics and Management.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. What is a Landscape? -- Chapter 3. Drivers of Landscape Change -- Chapter 4. Landscape Trajectories -- Chapter 5. Options for Managing Landscape for Change -- Chapter 6. Barriers to Managing for Change -- Chapter 7. Social and Institutional Innovations -- Chapter 8. Technologies for Innovating Forward -- Chapter 9. Conclusions and Recommendation.
    Abstract: This book discusses how future landscapes will be shaped by pervasive change and where, when, and how society should manage landscapes for change. Readers will learn about the major anthropogenic drivers of landscape change, including climate change and human induced disturbance regimes, and the unique consequences that multiple and simultaneously occurring change agents can have on landscapes. The author uses landscape trajectories as a guide to selecting the appropriate course of action, and considers how landscape position, inertia, and direction will determine landscape futures. The author introduces the concept of landscapes as socio-technical-ecological systems (STES), which combines ecological and technological influences on future landscape change and the need for society to acknowledge both when considering landscape management. Thinking beyond solutions, the author identifies barriers to managing landscapes for change including the cost, cultural identity of local populations, and the fear of taking action under uncertain conditions. Nevertheless, processes, tools, and technologies exist for overcoming social and ecological barriers to managing landscapes for change, and continued investment in social and scientific infrastructure holds out hope for maintaining our landscape values even as we enter an era of unprecedented change and disruption.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XI, 111 p. 36 illus., 25 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030620417
    Series Statement: Landscape Series, 27
    DDC: 304.2
    Language: English
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  • 191
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Microbiology. ; Microbial ecology. ; Botany. ; Biotechnology. ; Refuse and refuse disposal. ; Physical geography. ; Microbiology. ; Microbial Ecology. ; Plant Science. ; Biotechnology. ; Waste Management/Waste Technology. ; Earth System Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part 1. Composting: Paradigms and Mechanisms -- 1. Compost and Compost Tea Microbiology: the “-Omics” Era -- 2. Biological Sterilisation, Detoxification and Stimulation of Cucurbitacin-containing Manure -- 3. Nematode succession during composting process -- 4. Review on Physiological Effects of Vermicomposts on Plants -- 5. Interaction of Earthworm Activity with Soil Structure and Enzymes -- 6. Survival of Pathogenic and Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Vermicompost, Sewage Sludge and other Types of Composts in Temperate Climate Conditions -- Part 2. Modern Tools and Techniques for Composting Research -- 7. Molecular Tools and Techniques for Understanding the Microbial Community Dynamics of Vermicomposting -- 8. Molecular Tools and Techniques for Understanding the Microbial Community Dynamics of Vermicomposting -- 9. Recent Advances in Assessing the Maturity and Stability of Compost -- 10. Application of Nanotechnology to Research on the Microbiology of Composting -- Part 3. Composting Applications -- 11. Bioremediation of Pesticides in Soil Through Composting: Potential and Challenges -- 12. Current Trends and Insights on Compost Utilization Studies - Crop Residue Composting to Improve Soil Organic Matter in Sugarcane Cultivation, Tamil Nadu, India -- 13. Applications of Streptomyces spp. Enhanced Compost in Sustainable Agriculture.
    Abstract: This book highlights the latest findings on fundamental aspects of composting, the interaction of various microorganisms, and the underlying mechanisms. In addition to addressing modern tools and techniques used for composting research, it provides an overview of potential composting applications in both agriculture and environmental reclamation. Composting is the process of organic waste decomposition, mediated by microorganisms. The end-product is called ‘compost’ and can be used as a supplement to improve soil fertility. As the municipal waste generated in most developing countries contains a substantial amount of organic matter suitable for composting, this technology offers a win-win opportunity for stakeholders in terms of disposing of organic waste and providing organic fertilizers for agriculture. In addition, using compost reduces the dependency on harmful chemical fertilizers, and represents a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XI, 291 p. 39 illus., 26 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030391737
    Series Statement: Soil Biology, 58
    DDC: 579
    Language: English
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  • 192
    Keywords: Microbiology. ; Environmental engineering. ; Biotechnology. ; Bioremediation. ; Environmental policy. ; Sociology. ; Physical geography. ; Pollution. ; Microbiology. ; Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology. ; Environmental Policy. ; Sociology. ; Physical Geography. ; Pollution.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1 -- The importance of technogenesis and sustainable environmental protection technologies. Chapter 2 -- Natural and artificial biogeochemical barriers as natural technologies. Chapter 3 -- The sustainable natural materials and their role in waste management and soil contamination stabilizing. Chapter 4 -- The sustainable natural materials used for adsorbing contaminants from aqueous medium. Chapter 5 -- Biotechnologies as the sustainable environmental protection technologies. Chapter 6 -- The major properties of natural materials used in biofiltration systems. Chapter 7 -- Operational parameters of biofiltration systems required for efficient operation of components ensuring system’s sustainability. Chapter 8 -- Natural and inoculated microorganisms as important component for sustainability of biofiltration system. Chapter 9 -- The technologies of the sustainable environmental protection in real conditions in the case of biofiltration systems.
    Abstract: This book discusses the need for the development of sustainable environmental protection technologies to reduce the impact of environmental contaminants. Three levels of sustainable technologies are addressed. The first level involves the concept of sustainable technologies as natural technologies, or ecotechnologies, whereby contamination level is assessed based on the contamination footprint through the use of biogeochemical barriers (e.g. methods utilizing the bioaccumulation properties of plants). The second level concerns the use of sustainable natural materials, such as biochar, in environmental engineering systems, an approach that is used for analyzing the processes of adsorption and biofiltration, as well as immobilization of contaminants in soil. The third level discusses the optimal components necessary to achieve sustainability in environmental engineering systems, including system operation principles, structural solutions, and the synergies between various system components such as microorganisms. The book will be of interest to specialists of industrial enterprises engaged in environmental protection, as well as environmental system designers, stakeholders from environmental protection ministries and institutions, researchers, doctoral students and masters and bachelors of science in the field of environmental engineering.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXI, 645 p. 287 illus., 123 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030477257
    DDC: 579
    Language: English
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  • 193
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Environment. ; Environmental management. ; Physical Geography. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Environmental Management.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: What Is Adventure Tourism? -- Chapter 2: Adventure Tourism in Antarctica -- Chapter 3: The Arctic Islands: Svalbard and Iceland -- Chapter 4: Adventure Tourism in the Russian Arctic -- Chapter 5: Adventure Tourism in Greenland -- Chapter 6: Adventure Tourism in the Canadian Arctic -- Chapter 7: Adventure Tourism in Alaska -- Chapter 8: Adventure Tourism in the Himalayas -- Chapter 9: The Andes -- Chapter 10: East Africa -- Chapter 11: Australia and New Zealand -- Chapter 12: Scotland -- Chapter 13: Climate Change and Adventure Tourism.
    Abstract: This textbook presents a comprehensive overview of the environmental impacts of various types of adventure tourism and how these can be best managed. This volume follows on from the authors' previous textbook – ‘Outdoor Recreation: Environmental Impacts and Management’ and continues the aim of developing a deeper understanding of how tourist numbers impact the environment and to provide practical solutions to these problems. Combining their own first-hand experience and research with extensive literature review the authors present several popular adventure tourism destinations from across the globe, including the Arctic, the Himalayas, Africa, Australia and Scotland as case studies. Chapters cover the particular challenges faced by each region: including impacts on animals and birds; the spread of invasive plant species and diseases; trail impacts on vegetation; impacts on geological, historical and archaeological sites and pollution and waste issues. A discussion and evaluation of the possible management actions for minimising these impacts and how outdoor recreation tourists can be regulated concludes each chapter. This practical and engaging textbook will be invaluable to students and scholars of adventure tourism and outdoor recreation as well as practitioners and managers working in the field. David Huddart is Emeritus Professor at Liverpool John Moores University, UK. He has extensive experience teaching landscape interpretation, recreation ecology, and outdoor and environmental education. Tim Stott is Professor of Physical Geography and Outdoor Education at Liverpool John Moores University, UK. He has been responsible for leading and teaching on the Outdoor Education programmes for 25 years.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXX, 475 p. 141 illus., 131 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030186234
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 194
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Sustainability. ; Physical geography. ; Computer simulation. ; Environment. ; Sustainability. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Physical Geography. ; Computer Modelling. ; Environmental Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter1. Some remarks on sustainable development -- Chapter2. Structure and operation of systems, models of the global earth system -- Chapter3. The global earth system at the beginning of the 21st century -- Chapter4. Steps towards realising global sustainable development.
    Abstract: This book applies system theory to analyze the operation and structure of the complex earth surface system, including the interactions between society and nature that cause environmental degradation and threats to human populations. The possible ways to harmonize the operation of a global society as a complex system using the United Nation sustainable development goals are investigated, as well as the major efforts currently implemented to achieve this objective and why many are unsuccessful. Readers will learn this material through case studies that assess the essential conditions required to occupy a planet sustainably, and examine the complex interactions between society and nature in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and outer layers of the lithosphere. The book is written for undergraduate students in geography, earth sciences, environmental sciences, and ecology, and will also appeal to environmental agency employees, nature protection representatives, teachers, and researchers. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVIII, 292 p. 143 illus., 63 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030216450
    Series Statement: Sustainable Development Goals Series,
    DDC: 304.2
    Language: English
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  • 195
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Human geography. ; Agriculture Economic aspects. ; Economic geography. ; Cultural geography. ; America Politics and government. ; Physical Geography. ; Human Geography. ; Agricultural Economics. ; Economic Geography. ; Social and Cultural Geography. ; American Politics.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction: Frontier thinking and the Amazon region -- Scarcities and abundances in place and time: A proposed conceptualisation of frontier making -- Placing the agricultural frontier of Mato Grosso, Brazil -- Peasant farming in the Amazon frontiers -- Water and energy frontiers in the Amazon -- Production of poverty and the poverty of production in the Amazon -- Disrupting frontier development from within: The latent geographical agency of indigenous peoples -- Development and conservation frontiers in the Pantanal wetland -- Conclusion: Lessons learned to expand frontier theory.
    Abstract: This book discusses the outcomes of more than ten years of research in the southern tracts of the Amazon region, and addresses the expansion of the agricultural frontier, consolidation of the agribusiness-based economy, and expansion of regional infrastructure (roads, dams, urban centres, etc). It combines extensive empirical evidence with the international literature on frontier-making and regional Amazonian development, and adopts a critical politico-geographical perspective that will benefit scholars in various other disciplines. This book is intended to push the current theoretical and methodological boundaries regarding the controversies and impacts of agribusiness in the region. A new international scientific network, led by the author, is investigating the broader context of the themes analysed here. .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 222 p. 33 illus., 29 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030385248
    Series Statement: Key Challenges in Geography, EUROGEO Book Series,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 196
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Landscape ecology. ; Environmental monitoring. ; Physical Geography. ; Landscape Ecology. ; Environmental Monitoring.
    Abstract: Since the 1970s and particularly the works of Tüxen (1978) and Géhu & Rivas-Martínez (1981), dynamico-catenal phytosociology has facilitated the integration of vegetation dynamics by more precisely describing the trajectories of vegetation series. A national habitat mapping program (CarHAB), launched by France’s Ministry of Ecology, aims to map the vegetation and vegetation series of metropolitan France at a scale of 1: 25,000 by 2025. In this context, Corsica has been selected as a pilot region, due to its unique characteristics regarding Mediterranean and alticole vegetation. This book describes in detail the vegetation series and geoseries (ecology, structure, dynamic trajectories, effects of anthropogenic factors on vegetation dynamics, catenal positioning in the landscape) of two Corsican sectors: Cap Corse and Biguglia pond. These two study sites were selected using two methods: • For Cap Corse, the typology and mapping are based on an inductive approach, which seeks to understand the dynamics of vegetation by drawing on the mature, substitutional, pioneering and anthropogenic associations likely to exist within a tessellar envelope. These various dynamic stages characterize “the vegetation series” (sigmetum or synassociation), the fundamental unit of symphytosociology (Géhu 2006; Biondi 2011). The aim of symphytosociology is, therefore, to define the vegetation series; in other words, it seeks to identify the repetitive combinations of syntaxa under homogeneous ecological conditions. • For Biguglia pond, the typology and mapping are based on a deductive approach, which combines (under SIG) the ecological descriptor maps with the vegetation mapping, in order to reveal the tesselas and the natural potential vegetation that underlies them. Thanks to the improvement of GIS techniques, this approach has been frequently used to characterize plant landscapes from vegetation to vegetation geoseries since the 2000s, with applications to the conservation management of natural and semi-natural environments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: IX, 210 p. 87 illus., 82 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030357764
    Series Statement: Geobotany Studies, Basics, Methods and Case Studies,
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 197
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Environmental sciences Social aspects. ; Environment. ; Economic development. ; Physical Geography. ; Environmental Social Sciences. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Development Studies.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Environmental Stewardship and Built Space -- Chapter 2. PESTECH and Nature in Built Space: Analytical Framework -- Chapter 3. Nature in Built Space in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Chapter 4. Nature in Built Space in the MENA Region -- Chapter 5. Nature in Built Space in Asia and the Pacific -- Chapter 6. Nature in Built Space in Latin America and the Caribbean -- Chapter 7. Nature in Built Space in North America -- Chapter 8. Nature in Built Space in Western Europe.
    Abstract: A good understanding of the status quo is necessary for the success of efforts to develop and maintain nature in built space. Accordingly, this book conducts an environmental scan of the context of these efforts in global perspective. In particular, it develops and employs a novel environmental scanning model (ESM) designed to rigorously analyze the political, economic, social, technological, ecological, cultural and historical (PESTECH) contexts of initiatives to promote biodiversity in the built environment. The focus is on four specific substantive areas of environmental policy, namely forestry, water, food, and energy. The units of analysis roughly correspond with the major United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) regions of the world, including sub-Saharan Africa, Middle-East and North Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Western Europe, North America, and Latin America and the Caribbean.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: IX, 209 p. 6 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030397593
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 198
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Transportation engineering. ; Traffic engineering. ; Climatology. ; Physical Geography. ; Transportation Technology and Traffic Engineering. ; Climate Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I. Problems of planning vessel voyages in ice -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Part II. Overcoming ice and speed of a vessel -- Chapter 2. The ability to overcome ice and speed of vessel navigating independently in ice -- Part III. Dangerous phenomena and hazards to shipping -- Chapter 3. Dangerous hydro-meteorological phenomena occurring on the NSR -- Part IV. Suggested routes and voyahe dates -- Chapter 4. Routes outside ice-covered zones on the NSR for vessels without ice strengthening -- Chapter 5. Dates of opening and closing of the seas for ice-free navigation -- Part V. Models of decision-making systems -- Chapter 6. Decision-making system of initial voyage planning -- Chapter 7. Operational voyage planning and verification of the initial voyage planning system -- Chapter 8. Summary and conclusions -- Appendices.
    Abstract: This book explains vessels’ ability to overcome ice on the Northern Sea Route, as well as the criteria of safe speed and maneuvering of vessels on ice. It provides a successful long-term forecast of ice navigation and reveals the dangers of sailing on the Northern Sea Rote, It includes tips on how to plan and schedule voyages in the Russian Arctic. The book develops a set of suggested routes for the period of opening and closing of the transit ice-free zone through the NSR based on the last eleven navigation seasons. It presents a method for determining the date for beginning a voyage of a vessel without ice strengthening through the NSR. It also develops a model of initial (long-term) and operational decision-making support system for vessel voyage planning and scheduling. The main audience for the book are officers at operational and management level of competency, people planning voyages on the Northern Sea Route in the office of ship operator and in chartering department or consulting company, and participants of Ice Navigator IMO Model Courses at basic and advanced level of competency.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXXVIII, 279 p. 317 illus., 61 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030254902
    DDC: 910.02
    Language: English
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  • 199
    Keywords: Management. ; International business enterprises. ; Physical geography. ; Water. ; Hydrology. ; Management. ; International Business. ; Physical Geography. ; Water.
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I. Global Sustainable Management Practices -- Chapter 1. Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability Initiatives of Multinational Hotel Corporations -- Chapter 2. Sustainable Initiatives and practices of the most sustainable organizations in the world -- Chapter 3. Plastic Bag Ban in the context of Corporate Social Responsibility: Consumption, Trade vis-a’-vis Environmental Sustainability Concern, etc.
    Abstract: This book addresses the gap between innovative technologies and their adoption. It showcases research, feasibility studies and projects that demonstrate a variety of ways to implement environmental sustainability in globally operating firms, as well as best practices in areas such as international management, adoption of cleaner technologies, global supply chains, greenhouse gas emission reduction, and transportation. The book provides state-of-the-art information on issues including: • Global sustainable management practices • Global sustainable food and agricultural markets • Global responsible mining and energy • Global sustainable sourcing • Global sustainable transportation • Global conservation innovations and investments Presenting expert contributions from industry, government and academia, discussing a variety of themes and perspectives on the topic "international business as a positive force of environmental sustainability” it is a vital resource for stakeholders in the international business community.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 1090 p. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030267599
    Series Statement: World Sustainability Series,
    DDC: 658
    Language: English
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  • 200
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Physical geography. ; Climatology. ; Atmospheric science. ; Landscape ecology. ; Earth System Sciences. ; Climate Sciences. ; Atmospheric Science. ; Landscape Ecology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. The energy balance of permafrost soils and ecosystems -- Chapter 3. The role of ground ice -- Chapter 4. Permafrost carbon quantities and fluxes -- Chapter 5. Permafrost in transition -- Chapter 6. Vegetation change -- Chapter 7. Methane -- Chapter 8. Models: Forecasting the present and future of permafrost -- References -- Glossary.
    Abstract: This book provides a cross-disciplinary overview of permafrost and the carbon cycle by providing an introduction into the geographical distribution of permafrost, with a focus on the distribution of permafrost and its soil carbon reservoirs. The chapters explain the basic physical properties and processes of permafrost soils: ice, mineral and organic components, and how these interact with climate, vegetation and geomorphological processes. In particular, the book covers the role of the large quantities of ice in many permafrost soils which are crucial to understanding carbon cycle processes. An explanation is given on how permafrost becomes loaded with ice and carbon. Gas hydrates are also introduced. Structures and processes formed by the intense freeze-thaw action in the active layer are considered (e.g. ice wedging, cryoturbation), and the processes that occur as the permafrost thaws, (pond and lake formation, erosion). The book introduces soil carbon accumulation and decomposition mechanisms and how these are modified in a permafrost environment. A separate chapter deals with deep permafrost carbon, gas reservoirs and recently discovered methane emission phenomena from regions such as Northwest Siberia and the Siberian yedoma permafrost.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XV, 508 p. 202 illus., 169 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030313791
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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