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  • Physics  (46)
  • thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology  (32)
  • thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution
  • thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering
  • CRC Press  (71)
  • Logos Verlag Berlin  (38)
  • Berlin : Springer
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  • 1
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    Chapter 13 The Single-Celled Ancestors of Animals (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Among the most important innovations in the history of life is the transition from single-celled organisms to more complex, multicellular organisms. Multicellularity has evolved repeatedly across the tree of life, resulting in the evolution of new kinds of organisms that collectively constitute a significant portion of Earth’s biodiversity and have transformed the biosphere. This volume examines the origins and subsequent evolution of multicellularity, reviewing the types of multicellular groups that exist, their evolutionary relationships, the processes that led to their evolution, and the conceptual frameworks in which their evolution is understood. This important volume is intended to serve as a jumping-off point, stimulating further research by summarizing the topics that students and researchers of the evolution of multicellularity should be familiar with, and highlighting future research directions for the field.
    Keywords: Animal Kingdom,Plasmodial Slime Molds,Polysphondylium Pallidum,Amoeboid Cells,Multiciliated Cells,Single Celled Ancestors,Fruiting Body Morphology,Cellular Slime Mold Dictyostelium Discoideum,Single Cell Techniques,Naegleria Gruberi,Cellular Slime Mold,Myxococcus Xanthus,Ventral Folds,Bryozoan Larva,Major Evolutionary Transitions,Amoeboid Migration,Motile Cilia,Unicellular Ancestors,Complex Life Histories,Physarum Polycephalum,Cell Theory,Flagellated Cells,Molecular Phylogenies ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSF Cellular biology (cytology) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSC Developmental biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Wastewater Treatment with the Fenton Process (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The presence of refractory organic compounds in wastewater is a global problem. Advanced oxidation processes, in general, and the Fenton oxidation process are alternative technologies for wastewater and water treatment. This book gives an overview of Fenton process principles, explains the main factors influencing this technology, includes applications, kinetic and thermodynamic calculations and presents a strong overview on the heterogeneous catalytic approach. It demonstrates that the iron-based heterogeneous Fenton process, including nanoparticles, a new complex solution, is highly efficient, environmentally friendly, and can be suitable for wastewater treatment and industrial wastewater. FEATURES Describes in detail the heterogeneous Fenton process and process applications Analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different catalysts available and their suitability to specific processes Provides economic analysis of the Fenton process in a ready-to-use package for industrial practitioners for adaptation into already existing industrially viable technologies Promotes a modern solution to the problem of degradation of hazardous compounds through ecological and environmentally friendly processes and the use of a catalyst that can be recycled Explains highly complex data in an understandable and reader-friendly way Intended for professionals, researchers, upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in environmental engineering, materials science, chemistry, and those who work in wastewater management.
    Keywords: Advanced Oxidation Process ; Industrial Wastewater ; Iron Catalysts ; Nanotechnology, Nano-Oxides ; Refractory Organic Compounds ; Wastewater Quality Assessment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQS Sanitary and municipal engineering::TQSW Water supply and treatment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQS Sanitary and municipal engineering::TQSW Water supply and treatment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 3
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    Designing Sustainable Working Lives and Environments (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-16
    Description: Work is central to people’s lives and the course of their life. The opportunities and chances an individual can have in their life are significantly connected to work. Individuals' work is also crucial for organisations, companies and for the whole of society. There is a constant need to make changes and readjustments of working life since these can deeply affect the individual and their employability. To make working lives more healthy, sustainable and attractive, being aware of the measures and changes that can be achieved in practice is of crucial importance. This book bridges the gap between the theories and explanatory models offered in research and actual work environments and workplaces. This book constitutes a theoretical framework that visualises the complexity of working life and increases the knowledge and awareness of individuals, companies, organisations and society regarding different factors and patterns. It aims to support individual reflections and joint discussions into daily operations on the individual, organisational and societal level. This book contains practical tools to use in daily working life that analyse possible risks in the work environment when planning measures and actions for health promotion. These practical tools are derived from the four spheres for action and employability in the SwAge model. Developed by the author, the SwAge model (Sustainable Working Life for All Ages) is a theoretical, explanatory model that explains the complexity of creating a healthy and sustainable working life for all ages. By using the SwAge model as a comprehensible framework, the reader will be able to visualise the complexity of factors that affect and influence whether people are able to and want to participate in working life and in the work environment, thereby contributing to increased employability. Designing Sustainable Working Lives and Environments is an essential read for students, researchers, work environment engineers, ergonomics and human factor specialists, occupational health and safety practitioners, business managers, HR staff, leadership decision-makers and labour union professionals.
    Keywords: Employability ; Occupational Health ; Meaningful work ; Happiness at work ; Working life ; Mental health at work ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMA Psychological theory, systems, schools and viewpoints ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNX Industrial relations, occupational health and safety::KNXC Health and safety in the workplace ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBC Engineering: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBD Technical design::TBDG Ergonomics ; thema EDItEUR::V Health, Relationships and Personal development ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMJ Occupational and industrial psychology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJU Organizational theory and behaviour ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKV Environmental medicine::MKVP Occupational medicine
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Chapter 4 Nanomaterials (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Chapter 4 - Iron-based heterogeneous Fenton processes have been used to remove organic pollutants from wastewater. However, their efficiency is limited by iron's low solubility and iron sludge formation. Iron-based nanomaterials have been proposed to enhance the performance of the Fenton process. Researchers can employ zero-valent iron and iron oxide nanoparticles in their processes, to mention a few. This chapter reviews the recent findings in various iron-based nanostructures, their synthesis and characterization, and their application in iron-based Fenton processes. The nano-effects involved in the degradation of organic pollutants and the factors that boost the performance of the process are also discussed. It is concluded by highlighting the potential of nanomaterials in enhancing the efficiency of iron-based Fenton processes for wastewater treatment and identifying the challenges and future directions in this field.
    Keywords: Advanced Oxidation Process ; Industrial Wastewater ; Iron Catalysts ; Nanotechnology, Nano-Oxides ; Refractory Organic Compounds ; Wastewater Quality Assessment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQS Sanitary and municipal engineering::TQSW Water supply and treatment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQS Sanitary and municipal engineering::TQSW Water supply and treatment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 5
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    Data Science for Wind Energy (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Data Science for Wind Energy provides an in-depth discussion on how data science methods can improve decision making for wind energy applications, near-ground wind field analysis and forecast, turbine power curve fitting and performance analysis, turbine reliability assessment, and maintenance optimization for wind turbines and wind farms. A broad set of data science methods covered, including time series models, spatio-temporal analysis, kernel regression, decision trees, kNN, splines, Bayesian inference, and importance sampling. More importantly, the data science methods are described in the context of wind energy applications, with specific wind energy examples and case studies. Please also visit the author’s book site at https://aml.engr.tamu.edu/book-dswe. Features Provides an integral treatment of data science methods and wind energy applications Includes specific demonstration of particular data science methods and their use in the context of addressing wind energy needs Presents real data, case studies and computer codes from wind energy research and industrial practice Covers material based on the author's ten plus years of academic research and insights
    Keywords: Bayesian Additive Regression Trees;SVM Model;data mining;Power Curve Model;data analytics;Wind Speed;renewable energy;GEV Distribution;wind turbines;PACF Plot;machine learning;Wind Turbine;bayesian methods;Binning Method;data science methods;Local Wind Field;wind energy applications;ARMA Model;turbine reliability assessment;Wind Field Analysis;near-ground wind field analysis;Ahead Forecast;Wind Speed Forecast;Power Curve;Wind Farm;Test Turbine;Importance Sampling Density;Be;GMRF Model ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THV Alternative and renewable energy sources and technology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability and statistics
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  • 6
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    Chapter 9 Toxicity of the Catalyst and Products Formed in the Process (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Chapter 9 - The heterogeneous Fenton process can generate a large number of compounds that can be toxic to the environment, and more toxic by-products than the parent compounds can appear after the treatment process. The heterogeneous Fenton process is used to decompose contaminants by rapid oxidation in the presence of a catalyst. Iron oxides, commonly used as catalysts, are considered to be non-toxic, but there are reports of toxicity towards certain organisms. Therefore, studies on the stability of the catalysts used in the process and their potential threats to living organisms are necessary. It is essential to constantly work on the stability of the catalyst. The toxicity of the by-products is also crucial. According to the reports, the decrease in viability of organisms is organism-specific and dose-dependent, and the lethal effect is strictly related to the size of particles. Incomplete mineralization can also result in hazardous, potentially toxic compounds in the effluent. Thus, the toxicity of effluent also needs to be studied, and biodegradability needs to be increased to reduce the toxicity of the process.
    Keywords: Advanced Oxidation Process ; Industrial Wastewater ; Iron Catalysts ; Nanotechnology, Nano-Oxides ; Refractory Organic Compounds ; Wastewater Quality Assessment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQS Sanitary and municipal engineering::TQSW Water supply and treatment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 7
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    Chapter 3 Catalysts (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Chapter 3 - The right choice of catalyst is one of the elements that determine its effectiveness. Among the most commonly used catalysts, we use iron, as well as its modifications and forms such as zero-valent iron, iron oxides, etc. magnetite (Fe3O4), hematite (Fe2O3), and goethite (FeOOH) or their nanoparticles. They have a high surface area, which enhances their catalytic activity and can be easily separated from the treated water. Another popular and environmentally friendly form is waste iron, which is the product from industry such as blast furnace slag or steel slags. Moreover, iron could be dropped on carbon materials, and various carriers.
    Keywords: Advanced Oxidation Process ; Industrial Wastewater ; Iron Catalysts ; Nanotechnology, Nano-Oxides ; Refractory Organic Compounds ; Wastewater Quality Assessment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQS Sanitary and municipal engineering::TQSW Water supply and treatment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 8
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    The Evolution of Multicellularity (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Among the most important innovations in the history of life is the transition from single-celled organisms to more complex, multicellular organisms. Multicellularity has evolved repeatedly across the tree of life, resulting in the evolution of new kinds of organisms that collectively constitute a significant portion of Earth’s biodiversity and have transformed the biosphere. This volume examines the origins and subsequent evolution of multicellularity, reviewing the types of multicellular groups that exist, their evolutionary relationships, the processes that led to their evolution, and the conceptual frameworks in which their evolution is understood. This important volume is intended to serve as a jumping-off point, stimulating further research by summarizing the topics that students and researchers of the evolution of multicellularity should be familiar with, and highlighting future research directions for the field.
    Keywords: Major Evolutionary Transitions,Cellular Aggregations,Plasmodial Slime Molds,Polysphondylium Pallidum,Multicellular Group,Fruiting Body Morphology,Cellular Slime Mold Dictyostelium Discoideum,Cellular Slime Mold,Myxococcus Xanthus,Charophyte Algae,Animal Kingdom,Major Evolutionary Transitions,Fruiting Body,Aggregative Multicellularity,Unicellular Ancestor,Multicellular Species,Stalk Cells,Genotype Phenotype Map,Volvox Carteri,Dictyostelium Discoideum,Physarum Polycephalum,Modifier Allele,Collective Fitness,Apical Cells,Stalk Formation,Unicellular Species,Tryptophan Aminotransferase ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSF Cellular biology (cytology) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSC Developmental biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSF Cellular biology (cytology) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSC Developmental biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 9
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    Social Touch in Human–Robot Interaction (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In this book for researchers and students, editors Shiomi and Sumioka bring together contributions from researchers working on the CREST project at ATR Deep Interaction Laboratories, a world leader in social robotics, to comprehensively describe robot touch systems from hardware to applications. Appropriate touch from robots to humans is essential for social robots, but achieving this requires various solutions at every stage of the touch process. Through this book, readers will gain an understanding of the needs, essential systems and communication cues, behaviour designs, and real‑world issues for social touch applications. This book compiles and updates technical and empirical research that was previously scattered throughout the literature into a single volume. Through individually authored chapters addressing various elements of ATR’s CREST project, this book tackles key areas where understanding is needed to realize acceptable touch interaction, including pre‑touch interaction, interaction design for touching and being touched, behaviour changes caused by touch interaction, and applications of social touch interaction. It introduces a touch sensor and robots developed by the authors, including several touch‑related behaviours and design policies. This approach will enable readers to easily apply this knowledge to their own social robotics programs. This book is invaluable for anyone who wishes to understand and develop social robots that physically interact with people. It is most beneficial for researchers and upper undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of human–robot/agent/computer interaction and social touch interaction and those in the broader fields of engineering, computer science, and cognitive science.
    Keywords: society;robot;human-robot;social robotics;social robots;social touch interaction ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBC Engineering: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBD Technical design::TBDG Ergonomics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering::TJFM1 Robotics
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  • 10
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    Petroleum Microbiology (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In the oil and gas industry, technologies have been developed to address microbial-related issues such as oil field souring, microbiologically influenced corrosion, biofouling, and targeted measures for risk assessment and mitigation. Microorganisms have also benefited the oil sector through microbial-enhanced oil recovery and bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated environments. However, during the current transitional phase in the oil and gas industry, the role of the microbiome within the current infrastructure and its potential impact on future systems remains an open question. Petroleum Microbiology: The Role of Microorganisms in the Transition to Net Zero Energy explores technological advances in applied microbiology in the oil and gas sector that can be utilized in its transition to renewable energy systems. • Provides insights on the potential of applying microbiological techniques in oil systems to pave the way to achieving net-zero energy. • Presents the major industrial problems caused by microbes and their beneficial activities from both fundamental and applied perspectives. • Covers such technologies as next-generation sequencing, sampling, and diagnostics. • Offers a solid foundation on the importance of microbes to key aspects of the energy industry. • Seeks to answer the question: what role will microorganisms play in the evolution of energy systems? Featuring chapters from interdisciplinary experts spanning academia and industry, this is an excellent reference for microbial ecologists, molecular biologists, operators, engineers, chemists, and academics involved in the oil and gas sector, working toward energy transition.
    Keywords: renewable energy, energy transition, souring, MIC, biofouling, microbial ecology, reservoir microbiome, microbial bioinformatics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THF Fossil fuel technologies::THFP Petroleum technology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDY Energy ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THF Fossil fuel technologies ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THF Fossil fuel technologies::THFP Petroleum technology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDY Energy ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THF Fossil fuel technologies
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  • 11
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    Chapter 11 Complementarity and Flexibility Indexes of an Interoperable VPP (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book provides a general overview of virtual power plants (VPP) as a key technology in future energy communities and active distribution and transmission networks for managing distributed energy resources, providing local and global services, and facilitating market participation of small-scale managing distributed energy resources and prosumers. The book also aims at describing some practical solutions, business models, and novel architectures for the implementation of VPPs in the real world. Each chapter of the book begins with the fundamental structure of the problem required for a rudimentary understanding of the methods described. It provides a clear picture for practical implementation of VPP through novel technologies such as blockchain, digital twin, and distributed ledger technology. The book will help the electrical and power engineers, undergraduate, graduate students, research scholars, and utility engineers to understand the emerging solutions regarding the VPP concept lucidly.
    Keywords: FI,ES,Energy Resources,PEM Fuel Cell,Complementarity Index,Fossil Fuel Based Power Plants,Energy Systems,DER,Solar Increase,VPP,Precision Time Protocol,Green Energy,API Client,VRE,Critical Investment Decision,Ramp Rate Limitations,Variable Renewable Energy Sources,Hourly Total Production,Power Plant,External Data Providers,MQTT,Fossil ESs,Total Energy Produced ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THY Energy, power generation, distribution and storage ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THY Energy, power generation, distribution and storage
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  • 12
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    Circular and Transformative Economy (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: The main aim of this book is to illustrate circular models for sustainable resource management. It highlights the benefits of transformative approaches in integrating, simplifying, and facilitating understanding of complex systems and transforming systems towards greater sustainability while achieving multiple social, economic, and environmental outcomes. It provides pathways towards strategic policy decisions on socio-economic transformation supported by case studies. Features: Discusses exploration of a transitional path to the circular economy, explored from the point of view of waste and technology. Explains transformational change towards sustainable socio-ecological interactions. Reviews provision of pathways towards sustainability through scenario development. Provides assessment of progress towards Sustainable Development Goals. Presents cross-sectoral and multicentric approaches towards circularity. This book is aimed at researchers and professionals in water and environmental engineering, circular economy, sustainability, and environmental studies.
    Keywords: Nexus Planning;Sustainability;Resource Management;Environmental And Human Health;Food Systems;Wastewater Recycling ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNA Agribusiness and primary industries::KNAC Agriculture, agribusiness and food production industries ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology::RNCB Biodiversity ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THV Alternative and renewable energy sources and technology
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  • 13
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    Virtual Power Plant Solution for Future Smart Energy Communities (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book provides a general overview of virtual power plants (VPP) as a key technology in future energy communities and active distribution and transmission networks for managing distributed energy resources, providing local and global services, and facilitating market participation of small-scale managing distributed energy resources and prosumers. The book also aims at describing some practical solutions, business models, and novel architectures for the implementation of VPPs in the real world. Each chapter of the book begins with the fundamental structure of the problem required for a rudimentary understanding of the methods described. It provides a clear picture for practical implementation of VPP through novel technologies such as blockchain, digital twin, and distributed ledger technology. The book will help the electrical and power engineers, undergraduate, graduate students, research scholars, and utility engineers to understand the emerging solutions regarding the VPP concept lucidly.
    Keywords: Virtual,Power Plant, Future Smart Energy Communities ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THY Energy, power generation, distribution and storage ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THY Energy, power generation, distribution and storage
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  • 14
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    Chapter Advancing and Integrating ‘Biomonitoring 2.0’ with New Molecular Tools for Marine Biodivesity and Ecosystem Assessments (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | Oceanography and Marine Biology | Oceanography and Marine Biology | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Global declines in biodiversity have become increasingly severe. Traditional monitoring approaches for assessing marine species distributions and abundances are time consuming, costly, and manpower intensive. Fortunately, rapid progress of sequencing technologies from first-generation to high-throughput sequencing have resulted in improvements in experimental techniques. These advances have accelerated rates of species discovery and identification, enabling community-level biomonitoring – the ‘Biomonitoring 2.0’ framework. Simultaneous multispecies identifications in mixed-sample pools are now mainstream with DNA metabarcoding, upscaling monitoring from the individual specimen to the ecosystem scale. In this review, we examine the progress of DNA metabarcoding over the last decade in the characterisation of marine macrobiota to microbial communities. By melding molecular techniques and more traditional taxonomic tools, this integrative Biomonitoring 2.0 approach is tailored to improve the overall effectiveness of biomonitoring. As such, we here assess its accuracy, expertise requirement, general applicability, time, cost-effectiveness, and throughput for biomonitoring. We highlight various methodological challenges that must be considered during implementation, including completeness of reference databases, representativeness of sequencing read counts for quantitative estimates, and supplementation with environmental RNA for discerning live signals from legacy DNA. Finally, we conclude with an outlook of the enhanced Biomonitoring 2.0 framework for mass adoption by ecologists and managers, as well as the prospects of emerging rapid detection technologies for ecosystem surveillance.
    Keywords: Barcoding ; Bioinformatics ; Environmental DNA Metabarcoding ; Environmental RNA ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 15
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    Chapter Review of the Central and South Atlantic Shelf and Deep-Sea Benthos: Science, Policy, and Management (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | Oceanography and Marine Biology | Oceanography and Marine Biology | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The Central and South Atlantic represents a vast ocean area and is home to a diverse range of ecosystems and species. Nevertheless, and similar to the rest of the global south, the area is comparatively understudied yet exposed to increasing levels of multisectoral pressures. To counteract this, the level of scientific exploration in the Central and South Atlantic has increased in recent years and will likely continue to do so within the context of the United Nations (UN) Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. Here, we compile the literature to investigate the distribution of previous scientific exploration of offshore (30 m+) ecosystems in the Central and South Atlantic, both within and beyond national jurisdiction, allowing us to synthesise overall patterns of biodiversity. Furthermore, through the lens of sustainable management, we have reviewed the existing anthropogenic activities and associated management measures relevant to the region. Through this exercise, we have identified key knowledge gaps and undersampled regions that represent priority areas for future research and commented on how these may be best incorporated into, or enhanced through, future management measures such as those in discussion at the UN Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction negotiations. This review represents a comprehensive summary for scientists and managers alike looking to understand the key topographical, biological, and legislative features of the Central and South Atlantic.
    Keywords: Atlantic deep sea ; Benthic ecology ; Marine spatial planning ; Biodiversity patterns ; Gap analysis ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    Nitrate Handbook (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Provides an overview of the entire nitrate cycle and the processes influencing nitrate transformation, and clearly identifies its role as an essential nutrient in plant growth, food preservation, and human health. It explains the discrepancies between public perceptions on nitrate harm versus the beneficial effects on human health.
    Keywords: crop productivity; food safety; human health; Nitrates; Nitrites; nitrogen fertilizers; water quality ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQK Pollution control
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    Cellular Dialogues in the Holobiont (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book examines how the growing knowledge of the huge range of protist-, animal-, and plant-bacterial interactions, whether in shared ecosystems or intimate symbioses, is fundamentally altering our understanding of biology. The establishment and maintenance of these interactions and their contributions to the health and survival of all partners relies on continuous cell-to-cell communication between them. This dialogue may be concerned with all aspects of the biology of both partners. The book includes chapters devoted to exploring, explaining, and exposing these dialogues across a broad spectrum of plant and animal eukaryotes to a broad field of biologists. Key Features Explores the nature of the interactions between eukaryotic hosts and their microbial symbionts Examines the links between prostist, animal, and plant evolution and microbial communities Reviews specific taxa and the microbial diversity associated with these taxa Illustrates the role microbes play in the physiology and etiology of several model species Includes chapters by an international team of leading scholars
    Keywords: community ecology;microbial communities;microbiome;symbiosis ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSF Cellular biology (cytology) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSC Developmental biology
    Language: English
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    Virtual Building Acoustics (2023)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Modern societies have concerns about growing annoyance due to noise in private dwellings and in commercial worksites. People are exposed to the noise from neighbours, adjacent offices and road traffic which causes disturbance in sleep, physical or mental work impairments. Though ISO (International Standards Organization) provides sound insulation guidelines to protect citizens from the noise exposures, these guidelines do not provide an optimal acoustic satisfaction especially for specific sounds, for example a conversation varying in intelligibility. This work addresses the challenges in traditional sound insulation models, filters and auralization techniques, and establishes an interface between psychoacoustic research and building acoustics in audio-visual VR environments. Improvements are made in sound insulation prediction methods, filters construction and rendering techniques for sound insulation auralization. The virtual building acoustic framework (VBA) is developed toward real-time interactive audio-visual technology, to be able to introduce more realism and, hence, contextual features into psychoacoustic experiments. Listening experiments close to real-life situations are carried which showed that the VBA can be used as an alternate to design test paradigms which help to better analyse and interpret the noise impacts in built-up environments situations depending on the actual activities.
    Keywords: Virtual Building Acoustics ; Sound Insulation Filters ; Auralization ; Virtual Reality ; Audio-Visual Psychoacoustics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDS Wave mechanics (vibration & acoustics) ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TH Energy technology & engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYS Signal processing ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYU Audio processing ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYV Virtual reality ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDS Wave mechanics (vibration and acoustics) ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYS Digital signal processing (DSP) ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYU Audio processing ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYV Virtual reality
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    Chapter 6 Virtual Energy Storage Systems for Virtual Power Plants (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book provides a general overview of virtual power plants (VPP) as a key technology in future energy communities and active distribution and transmission networks for managing distributed energy resources, providing local and global services, and facilitating market participation of small-scale managing distributed energy resources and prosumers. The book also aims at describing some practical solutions, business models, and novel architectures for the implementation of VPPs in the real world. Each chapter of the book begins with the fundamental structure of the problem required for a rudimentary understanding of the methods described. It provides a clear picture for practical implementation of VPP through novel technologies such as blockchain, digital twin, and distributed ledger technology. The book will help the electrical and power engineers, undergraduate, graduate students, research scholars, and utility engineers to understand the emerging solutions regarding the VPP concept lucidly.
    Keywords: Comprehensive, Smart, Energy ,Management, Strategy, TVPP, CVPP, Virtual ,Storage, Power Plants ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THY Energy, power generation, distribution and storage ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THY Energy, power generation, distribution and storage
    Language: English
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    Environmental Arsenic in a Changing World (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Congress ""Arsenic in the Environment"" offers an international, multi- and interdisciplinary discussion platform for research and innovation aimed towards a holistic solution to the problem posed by the environmental toxin arsenic, with significant societal impact. The Congress has focused on cutting edge and breakthrough research in physical, chemical, toxicological, medical, agricultural and other specific issues on arsenic across a broader environmental realm. The Biennial Congress ""Arsenic in the Environment"" was first organized in Mexico City (As2006) followed by As2008 in Valencia (Spain), As2010 in Tainan (Chinese Taiwan), As2012 in Cairns (Australia), As2014 in Buenos Aires (Argentina) and As2016 in Stockholm (Sweden). The 7th International Congress As2018 was held July 1-6, 2018, in Beijing, P. R. China and was entitled Environmental Arsenic in a Changing World. The Congress addressed the broader context of arsenic research aligned on the following themes: Theme 1: Arsenic Behaviour in Changing Environmental Media Theme 2: Arsenic in a Changing Agricultural Ecosystem Theme 3: Health Impacts of Environmental Arsenic Theme 4: Technologies for Arsenic Immobilization and Clean Water Blueprints Theme 5: Sustainable Mitigation and Management Arsenic in drinking water (mainly groundwater) has emerged as an issue of global health concern. During last decade, the presence of arsenic in rice, possibly also other food of plant origins, has attained increasing attention. This is particularly true in the Asian countries, where the use of high arsenic groundwater as source of irrigation water and drinking water has been flagged as severe health concern. This has been accentuated by elevating arsenic concentrations in deep groundwater recharged from shallow high arsenic groundwater, which may have further detrimental effects on public health. Notably, China has been in the forefront of research on arsenic biogeochemical cycling, health effects of arsenic, technologies for arsenic removal, and sustainable mitigation measures. The Congress has attracted professionals involved in different segments of interdisciplinary research on arsenic in an open forum, and strengthened relations between academia, research institutions, government and non-governmental agencies, industries, and civil society organizations to share an optimal ambience for exchange of knowledge.
    Keywords: arsenic behaviour in changing environmental media;arsenic in a changing acricultural ecosystem;arsenic research;clean water blueprints;environmental toxin arsenic;health impacts;health impacts of environmental arsenic;sustainable mitigation;sustainable mitigation and management;technologies for arsenic immobilization and clean water blueprints ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGP Production and industrial engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building
    Language: English
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    Chapter 5 A Comprehensive Smart Energy Management Strategy for TVPP, CVPP, and Energy Communities (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book provides a general overview of virtual power plants (VPP) as a key technology in future energy communities and active distribution and transmission networks for managing distributed energy resources, providing local and global services, and facilitating market participation of small-scale managing distributed energy resources and prosumers. The book also aims at describing some practical solutions, business models, and novel architectures for the implementation of VPPs in the real world. Each chapter of the book begins with the fundamental structure of the problem required for a rudimentary understanding of the methods described. It provides a clear picture for practical implementation of VPP through novel technologies such as blockchain, digital twin, and distributed ledger technology. The book will help the electrical and power engineers, undergraduate, graduate students, research scholars, and utility engineers to understand the emerging solutions regarding the VPP concept lucidly.
    Keywords: Comprehensive, Smart, Energy ,Management, Strategy, TVPP, CVPP, Virtual ,Storage, Power Plants ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THY Energy, power generation, distribution and storage ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THY Energy, power generation, distribution and storage
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    Chapter 15 Nitrates and Methemoglobinemia (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Methemoglobinemia is characterized by a blue color to the skin, hypoxia that does not respond to administered oxygen, chocolate-colored blood, and shortness of breath. There are two main types of methemoglobinemia. The first type, congenital, is a genetic disease that can vary from very few minor symptoms to a severe disorder with significant neurological problems. The second type is acquired methemoglobinemia. This type of methemoglobinemia is characterized by exposure to an oxidizing agent, pharmaceutical, or chemical that can create transitory methemoglobinemia. Although it is transient, it can still be severe depending on what percentage of hemoglobin is converted to methemoglobin. At levels above 70 percent it can be fatal. Nitrate is one example of a chemical that can cause methemoglobinemia. After ingestion, the nitrate is converted to nitrite in the back of the mouth. Nitrite can then enter the bloodstream where it interacts with hemoglobin. The human body has two enzyme systems to keep the concentration of methemoglobin low, but those systems can be overwhelmed, allowing for methemoglobinemia to develop. There are several sources of nitrite and nitrate: some pharmaceuticals, contaminated water, prepackaged food, preserved meats, and vegetables such as zucchini and spinach.
    Keywords: crop productivity; food safety; human health; Nitrates; Nitrites; nitrogen fertilizers; water quality ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQK Pollution control
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    Poro-Elastic Theory with Applications to Transport in Porous Media (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book treats the subject of porous flow and its applications in three engineering and scientific problems. The first major part of the book is devoted to solute transport in unsaturated porous media. Dynamic hydraulic conductivity and degree of saturation associate with pore pressures are also included in the consolidation-induced solute transport process. The second part of this book focuses on tidal dynamics in coastal aquifers, including shallow water expansion for sloping beaches, two-dimensional problem in estuarine zone and leaky confined aquifers. The final part of the book summarizes the recent development of porous model in the field of liquefaction around marine infrastructures including fundamental mechanisms of momentary and residual seabed liquefaction, two-dimensional and three-dimensional porous models for fluid-seabed interactions around breakwaters, pipelines and piled foundations in marine environments. The authors’ aim is to describe in detail the applications of porous models for several engineering problems. This book will provide academic researchers and industry an overview of recent development in the field of porous models and the applications. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license. Funded by Qingdao University Technology, China
    Keywords: Aquifers ; Clay liners ; Coastal acquifers ; Contaminant transport ; Groundwater ; groundwater hydrodynamics ; Hydrogeology ; Marine geotechnics ; Offshore geotechnics ; offshore wind energy ; Solute transport ; Wave-Seabed ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNC Structural engineering::TNCC Soil and rock mechanics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTS Marine engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Fast Measurement of Individual Head-Related Transfer Functions (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: While binaural technology applications gained in popularity in recent years, the majority of applications still use non-individual Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) from artificial heads. However, certain applications, for example research of spatial hearing or hearing attention, require an physically exact and realistic binaural signal. The limiting factor that prohibits the widespread use of individual HRTFs is the acquisition time of such data. This time requirement has recently been reduced by the use of parallelization in the measurement signal which lead to the development of fast measurement systems capable of acquiring individual and spatially dense HRTF. This thesis provides a objective and subjective evaluation of such a system that is designed with the goal of little disturbance of the measurements in mind. The construction is detailed, followed by both an objective and subjective evaluation. A detailed investigation into additional distortion of the sound field introduced by the system itself is presented and it is shown that the system performs comparably to a conventional system in terms of sound source localization. Furthermore, a method is introduced and evaluated to further reduce the measurement time by using continuous rotation during the measurement. This method is used to reduced the measurement duration from eight minutes to three minutes without audible differences.
    Keywords: Technology & Engineering ; Electronics ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 25
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    Evolution, Development and Ecology of Anemonefishes (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Anemonefishes, one of the most popular and recognizable of fishes in the world, are much more than film characters; they are also emerging model organisms for studying the biology, ecology, and evolution of coral reef fishes. They are a group of 28 species often employed to study patterns and processes of social organization, intra- and inter-specific competition, sex change, mutualism, dispersal and connectivity of fish populations, habitat selection, pigment pattern formation, lifespan and predator-prey interactions. This multi-authored book covers all these areas and provides an update on the research done with this model and the perspective it opens for the future. Key Features Contains basic and up-to-date information on an emerging fish model Allows non-specialist readers to grasp the relevance of a wide research area Provides accurate and easy to access information on each of the 28 species Includes guidance for establishing a breeding colony Documents that anemonefishes are useful model organisms for ecological, developmental and climate research The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
    Keywords: Anemonefishes;Coral Reefs;Model Organism;Mutualism;Sex Change ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences::PSVC Zoology: fishes (ichthyology) ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNC Wildlife: general interest::WNCS Wildlife: aquatic creatures: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSC Developmental biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical) ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSP Hydrobiology::PSPM Marine biology
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    Modellierung des Fachwissens von Lehrkräften in der Teilchenphysik (Volume 315) (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Die Teilchenphysik als Teilgebiet der modernen Physik gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung im schulischen Physikunterricht. In dieser Arbeit wird erstmalig das von Lehrkräften benötigte Fachwissen zur Teilchenphysik modelliert, wobei Fachwissen als ein Teil des Professionswissens verstanden wird. Als Fachwissensdimensionen werden die Inhaltsbereiche und die Wissensarten in den Fokus genommen, für welche jeweils Subfacetten identifiziert und präzise beschrieben werden. Nach einem überblick über die wesentlichen Ideen der Teilchenphysik wird in der Arbeit die sukzessive Modellierung des Fachwissens im Rahmen einer qualitativ und quantitativ angelegten Delphi-Studie vorgestellt. In drei Befragungsrunden wurden zwischen 35 und 65 internationale Expertinnen und Experten aus der teilchenphysikbezogenen Forschung (Fachwissenschaft und Fachdidaktik) und öffentlichkeitsarbeit (u.a. Wissenschaftsjournalismus) sowie erfahrene Lehrkräfte zu den für das Fachwissen relevanten Themen der Teilchenphysik befragt. Empirische Analysen der Befragungsrunden ergaben, dass sich die Dimension Inhaltsbereiche im deklarativen Wissen aus zehn teilchenphysikalischen Themen (z.B. Teilchen in der Hochenergiephysik, die vier fundamentalen Wechselwirkungen) zusammensetzt, von welchen sechs als besonders relevant eingeschätzt wurden. Im Anschluss an die letzte Befragungsrunde wurde theoriegeleitet eine erste Modellierung der Inhaltsbereiche für die Wissensarten des prozeduralen und konditionalen Wissens vorgenommen.
    Keywords: Science ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    HPC, Big Data, and AI Convergence Towards Exascale (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Supercomputing
    Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Supercomputing ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering
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  • 28
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    Physik der Küste für außerschulische Lernorte (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Die in den vergangenen Jahren zahlreich entstandenen außerschulischen Lernorte an der deutschen Wattenmeerküste sind Ausdruck einer Differenzierung der dortigen Bildungslandschaft, in der schulisches durch non-formales Lernen im regionalen Kontext ergänzt wird. Die außerschulischen Lernorte zeichnet aus, dass sie ihren Besucherinnen und Besuchern Primärerfahrungen bieten, um die außergewöhnliche Dynamik und Sensitivität des Wattenmeeres zu verdeutlichen. Allerdings schöpfen die Lernorte ihr Potenzial für das außerschulische Physiklernen nicht aus, denn obwohl insbesondere Strömungen und Strukturbildungen (z. B. Rippel, Dünen und Priele) das Erscheinungsbild des Wattenmeers prägen und dessen Dynamik repräsentieren, werden in den Bildungsangeboten bisher fast ausschließlich biologische Inhalte behandelt. Deshalb ist physikdidaktische Forschungs- und Entwicklungsarbeit nötig, die durch eine Didaktische Rekonstruktion von Strömungen und Strukturbildungen geleistet wird. Hierzu gehört zunächst eine fachliche Klärung. Im Anschluss werden Lernendenvorstellungen untersucht, indem problemzentrierte Interviews entlang von Realexperimenten durchgeführt und einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse unterworfen werden. Auf Basis des Vergleichs zwischen fachlicher Sicht und Lernendensicht gilt es sodann, Bausteine für didaktische Strukturierungen zu entwickeln. Diese Bausteine werden schließlich eingesetzt, um gemeinsam mit den Lernortbetreibenden Bildungsangebote zu entwickeln, die auch physikalische Zusammenhänge zur Küstendynamik explizieren.
    Keywords: Science ; Earth Sciences ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Was beeinflusst den Erfolg beim Problemlösen in der Physik? (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Problemlösen ist eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für das Handeln in allen Bereichen des Lebens: In einfachen Alltagssituationen, bei (natur-) wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen oder bei komplexeren gesellschaftlich relevanten Problemen spielt die Lösung von Problemen eine Rolle. Im Bereich der Physik werden insbesondere innerhalb des schulischen und universitären Kontextes Probleme bearbeitet. Die täglichen Erfahrungen des Lehrbetriebs an Hochschulen machen jedoch deutlich, dass Teile der Studierenden große Schwierigkeiten haben, Probleme erfolgreich zu lösen. Die Diskrepanz zwischen der Wichtigkeit des Problemlösens und den Schwierigkeiten, die Studierenden dabei haben, ist der Ausgangspunkt für die zentrale Fragestellung der vorliegenden Arbeit: Was unterscheidet "gute" von "schlechten" Problemlösern und welche Faktoren beeinflussen den Erfolg beim Problemlösen? Die Arbeit fokussiert hierbei auf Probleme aus dem Themenfeld der Mechanik. Mit Hilfe einer empirischen Untersuchung wird dazu beigetragen, bereits bekannte Erkenntnisse aus der traditionsreichen Forschung zum Problemlösen zu bestätigen, zu quantifizieren und zueinander in Beziehung zu setzen. Es werden sowohl quantitative als auch qualitative Eigenschaften "guter" und "schlechter" Problemlöser herausgearbeitet - gute Problemlöser können beispielsweise auf mehr Fachwissen zurückgreifen, besitzen ein höheres Selbstkonzept und machen weniger Planungsfehler beim Bearbeiten physikalischer Problemstellungen.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Dynamic iteration and model order reduction for magneto-quasistatic systems (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Our world today is becoming increasingly complex, and technical devices are getting ever smaller and more powerful. The high density of electronic components together with high clock frequencies leads to unwanted side-effects like crosstalk, delayed signals and substrate noise, which are no longer negligible in chip design and can only insufficiently be represented by simple lumped circuit models. As a result, different physical phenomena have to be taken into consideration since they have an increasing influence on the signal propagation in integrated circuits. Computer-based simulation methods play thereby a key role. The modelling and analysis of complex multi-physics problems typically leads to coupled systems of partial differential equations and differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). Dynamic iteration and model order reduction are two numerical tools for efficient and fast simulation of coupled systems. Formodelling of low frequency electromagnetic field, we use magneto-quasistatic (MQS) systems which can be considered as an approximation to Maxwells equations. A spatial discretization by using the finite element method leads to a DAE system. We analyze the structural and physical properties of this system and develop passivity-preserving model reduction methods. A special block structure of the MQS model is exploited to to improve the performance of the model reduction algorithms.
    Keywords: Technology & Engineering ; Electronics ; Mathematics ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 31
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    Kompetenzaufbau zum experimentbezogenen Denken und Arbeiten (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Experimentieren kann nicht nur dazu beitragen, fachinhaltliche Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen, sondern auch selbst Lerngegenstand sein. Wenig geklärt ist bisher, wie beim Experimentieren gelernt wird, worauf zu achten ist. Unklar ist auch, welche fachmethodischen Vorstellungen Lernende beim Planen, Durchführen und Auswerten aktivieren. Diesen Fragen wurde mithilfe einer schriftlichen Instruktion nachgegangen, die Lernende (Jg. 11) anregt, nicht nur Experimente durchzuführen, sondern auch über fachmethodische Grundlagen nachzudenken. Die Arbeitsphasen wurden für 42 Schülergruppen videografiert und kategorienbasiert ausgewertet, um Aussagen über Aktivitätsprofile, Vorstellungen und Kompetenzveränderungen zu generieren. Die Ergebnisse belegen die Komplexität von Lernprozessen und zeigen die Schwierigkeit, individuelle Kompetenzzuwächse auf bestimmte Prozesse zurückzuführen. Zum Beispiel konnten hohe Kompetenzzuwächse sowohl für Lernende mit häufigen fachmethodischen Beiträgen als auch für solche mit nur geringen fachmethodischen Aktivitäten festgestellt werden. Des Weiteren gehen experimentell angemessene Aktivitäten in erkennbaren Anteilen mit fachmethodisch unpassenden Vorstellungen einher, wie z.,B. bei einer korrekt vorgenommenen, aber falsch begründeten Trennung zwischen einer Beobachtung und einer Deutung. Die Arbeit liefert damit Hinweise, dass Lernende neben fachinhaltlichen auch fachmethodische Vorstellungen in den Unterricht mitbringen. Diese gilt es z.,B. durch explizite und wiederholte Thematisierung zu adressieren.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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  • 32
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    Potenzialanalyse von Solarturmkraftwerken mit Flüssigmetallen als Wärmeträgermedium -- An Analysis of Potential of Solar Tower Power Plants Using Liquid Metals as Heat Transfer Fluid (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In einem Solarturmkraftwerk werden hunderte bis tausende Spiegel (sogenannte Heliostate) einzeln der Sonne nachgeführt, sodass das Sonnenlicht auf die Spitze eines Turmes konzentriert wird. Dort befindet sich der Receiver, der die Solarstrahlung absorbiert und an das Wärmeträgermedium weitergibt. Große thermische Energiespeicher erlauben die ganztägige Stromproduktion (auch Nachts). In aktuellen Solarturmkraftwerken kommen als Wärmeträger- und Speichermedium häufig flüssige Nitratsalze wie Solar Salt zum Einsatz. Aufgrund ihrer hohen Wärmekapazität und den geringen Kosten eignen sie sich sehr gut zur thermischen Energiespeicherung, jedoch bringen sie auch einige Nachteile mit sich. Flüssigmetalle weisen in vielen Punkten Vorteile gegenüber den Flüssigsalzen auf. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Eigenschaften von Flüssigmetallen detailliert analysiert und mit Solar Salt verglichen. Zur Bewertung werden die Jahreserträge bzw. die Stromgestehungskosten (LCOE) herangezogen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen ein Potenzial zur Reduktion der Stromgestehungskosten mit Flüssigmetallen um bis zu 16 % gegenüber dem Referenzsystem mit Solar Salt, ohne dabei den Kraftwerksblock und den thermischen Speicher zu verändern.
    Keywords: Technology & Engineering ; Construction ; Technology & Engineering ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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  • 33
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    Study of an alternative phase field model for low interfacial energy in elastic solids (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In 2005, the hybrid model was published by Prof. H.-D. Alber and Prof. P. Zhu as an alternative to the Allen-Cahn model for the description of phase field transformations. With low interfacial energy, it is more efficient, since the resolution of the diffuse interface is numerically broader for the same solution accuracy and allows coarser meshing. The solutions of both models are associated with energy minimisation and in this work the error terms introduced in the earlier publications are discussed and documented using one and two dimensional numerical simulations. In the last part of this book, phase field problems, initially not coupled with material equations, are combined with linear elasticity and, after simple introductory examples, a growing martensitic inclusion is simulated and compared with literature data. In addition to the confirmed numerical advantage, another phenomenon not previously described in the literature is found: with the hybrid model, in contrast to the examples calculated with the Allen-Cahn model, an inclusion driven mainly by curvature energy does not disappear completely. The opposite problem prevents inclusions from growing from very small initial configurations, but this fact can be remedied by a very finely chosen diffuse interface width and by analysing and adjusting the terms that generate the modelling errors. The last example shows that the hybrid model can be used with numerical advantages despite the above mentioned peculiarities.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Mathematics ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 34
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    Implementierung fachdidaktischer Innovationen durch das Angebot materialgestützter Unterrichtskonzeptionen (Volume 314) (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Ein zentrales Ziel der fachdidaktischen Forschung stellt die Verbesserung schulischen Unterrichts dar. Eine Transferstrategie zur flächendeckenden Verbreitung wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse bildet die Bereitstellung evidenzbasierter, innovativer materialgestützter Unterrichtskonzeptionen. Allerdings fällt das Materialnutzungsverhalten von Lehrkräften individuell sehr unterschiedlich aus, wobei das Zusammenspiel verschiedener Einflussfaktoren auf die Materialnutzung bislang wenig erforscht ist. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es daher, dieses Wirkgefüge unter authentischen Bedingungen genauer zu untersuchen. Dazu wurde kriteriengeleitet eine evidenzbasierte, fachdidaktisch innovative Unterrichtskonzeption ausgewählt (das Münchener Unterrichtskonzept zur Quantenmechanik) und den teilnehmenden Lehrkräften fakultativ zur Verfügung gestellt. Mittels eines qualitativen Forschungsansatzes wurden elf Lehrkräfte bei der Implementierung des Konzepts durch ein Interview zu Beginn und am Ende einer Unterrichtsreihe zur Quantenmechanik sowie zwei Unterrichtsbeobachtungen mit je einem anschließenden stimulated recall begleitet. Aus den Ergebnissen folgt, dass die Probanden sich überwiegend heuristisch mit der Konzeption auseinandersetzten und lediglich Elemente auf Sichtstrukturebene implementierten. Das nachgewiesene Wirksamkeitspotential von evidenzbasierten, innovativen Unterrichtskonzeptionen scheint sich folglich lediglich unter bestimmten Bedingungsfaktoren zu entfalten.
    Keywords: Science ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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  • 35
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    Entwicklung und Validierung eines Testinstruments zu Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen von (angehenden) Physiklehrkräften in physikdidaktischen Handlungsfeldern (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: Die vorliegende Dissertation beschreibt den Entwicklungs- und Validierungsprozess eines neuen Testinstruments zur Erfassung von Lehrer-Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen in vier physikdidaktischen Handlungsfeldern (Umgang mit Aufgaben, Experimentieren, Elementarisieren, Umgang mit Schülervorstellungen), jeweils bezüglich der Dimensionen Planung und Durchführung von Physikunterricht. Die Instrumententwicklung erfolgt in hohem Maße theoriebasiert, indem unter anderem auf der Grundlage der sozial-kognitiven Theorie Banduras Regeln für die Itemkonstruktion abgeleitet werden, die außerdem eine kritische Analyse existierender Instrumente erlauben. Der mehrschrittige Validierungsprozess ist argumentbasiert angelegt. Im Rahmen einer Interviewstudie und einer Expertenbefragung werden vor allem inhaltliche Aspekte, wie z.B. die definitionskonforme Formulierung der Items, die Abdeckung des Handlungsfeldes oder die wahrgenommene Authentizität der Items, untersucht. Im Zuge der auf eine quantitative Auswertung angelegten Hauptstudie (N approx 1000) werden vor allem psychometrische Aspekte, wie die Eindimensionalität der Skalen oder die Passung des Antwortformates, in den Blick genommen. Zusammenfassend kann ein übergeordnetes Validitätsargument in Bezug auf die intendierte Testwertinterpretation formuliert werden. Weiterer Forschungsbedarf deutet sich unter anderem bezüglich der Unterscheidung der zwei genannten Dimensionen an.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: German
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  • 36
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    Die Entwicklung der Professionellen Unterrichtswahrnehmung im Lehr-Lern-Labor Seminar (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: In Lehr-Lern-Labor Seminaren können Lehramtsstudierende ihr fachliches, didaktisches und pädagogisches Wissen aufgreifen und in komplexitätsreduzierten Handlungsumgebungen anwenden. Dabei erstellen sie Experimentierstationen, um anschließend in einer iterativen Praxis mehrmals Schülerinnen und Schüler an diesen Stationen zu betreuen. Grundlegend für dieses Vorgehen sind Reflexionsprozesse zwischen den Betreuungen. Inwieweit diese Reflexionsprozesse die Entwicklung der Professionellen Unterrichtswahrnehmung der Studierenden fördern, wurde mit dieser Arbeit untersucht. Als ergänzende Intervention wurden fragenbasierte Videoanalysen der eigenen Betreuungen in das Seminar implementiert. Die Regressionsanalysen zeigten, dass sich die Professionelle Unterrichtswahrnehmung der Studierenden durch die Teilnahme am Seminar verbesserte, wenn zusätzlich das eigene Vorgehen und das ihrer Kommilitonen anhand der erstellten Videos analysiert wurden. Ohne Videoanalyse konnte keine Veränderung festgestellt werden.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Kognitive und motivationale Dynamik in Schülerlaboren (Volume 302) (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Bei Schülerlaboren als wichtigem Teil außerschulischer MINT-Bildung besteht ein Forschungsdefizit hinsichtlich kognitiver und motivationaler Prozesse auf Seiten der Schülerinnen und Schüler. Mit einem Design-based Research Ansatz klärt die Studie deshalb die Dynamik der Lehr- und Lernprozesse in Schülerlaboren auf und erlaubt es, die Lernangebote mit Blick auf generelle Bildungsziele und spezifische Ziele der Labore empiriebasiert weiterzuentwickeln. Um Angebots-Nutzungs-Prozesse zu untersuchen, wird ein Analyseinstrument entwickelt; es erlaubt gleichermaßen, die didaktische Struktur der Angebote in einer SWOT-Analyse zu erfassen und die ablaufenden Denk- und Lernprozesse der Schülerinnen und Schüler empirisch zu erheben. Das Instrument fokussiert auf drei Dimensionen: die Orientierung der Angebote an Kontexten, die Integration von Problemlöseaufgaben und die Unterstützung von Autonomie der Schülerinnen und Schüler beim Entscheiden und Handeln. Die Ergebnisse der SWOT-Analyse werden mit empirischen Daten, die mit ethnografischen Methoden gewonnen werden, validiert. Eine daraufhin weiterentwickelte didaktische Struktur der Angebote ist hinsichtlich einer differenzierten Kontextualisierung, des Einsatzes narrativer Anker, die Problemlöseaufgaben einleiten, sowie einer phasenweisen Öffnung der Angebote verändert und führt zu besserem Verständnis fachlicher Inhalte und zu einer höheren Motivation.
    Keywords: Science ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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  • 38
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    Entwicklung und Validierung eines Instruments zur Erfassung der professionellen Unterrichtswahrnehmung angehender Physiklehrkräfte (Volume 298) (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-01
    Description: Die professionelle Unterrichtswahrnehmung ist eine zentrale und situative Fähigkeit, die (angehende) Lehrkräfte befähigt, Lernprozesse im Unterricht zu erkennen, mithilfe ihres professionellen Wissens zu interpretieren und anschließend lernförderliche Handlungspläne abzuleiten. Der vorliegenden Arbeit liegt die Forschungsfrage zugrunde, ob diese Fähigkeit mit einem physikspezifischen Fokus mithilfe eines Instruments - bestehend aus inszenierten Unterrichtsvideos und einem teilweise geschlossenen Fragebogen - valide erfasst werden kann. Ein solches Instrument könnte dazu dienen, herauszufinden, ob die professionelle Unterrichtswahrnehmung domänenspezifisch ist (Hypothese 1) und ob diese situative Fähigkeit entlang der universitären Ausbildung eine Progression erfährt (Hypothese 2).  Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit ergeben 19 Items (EAP Reliabilität liegt bei 0.698), mit denen eine physikspezifische professionelle Unterrichtswahrnehmung gemessen werden kann. Weitere Analysen (zur Korrelation mit dem physikdidaktischen Wissen und der Abhängigkeit von studiumsbezogenen Daten) stützen die Konstruktvalidität des Tests. In Bezug auf Hypothese 1 hat sich wie erwartet gezeigt, dass die physikspezifische professionelle Unterrichtswahrnehmung signifikant von dem studierten Fach und dem Studiengang abhängt. Anders als erwartet ergeben die Ergebnisse zur Hypothese 2, dass die professionelle Unterrichtswahrnehmung aber nicht signifikant vom Studienfortschritt abhängt.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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  • 39
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    Wissenschaftliche Kontroversen im Physikunterricht (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Erkenntnisgewinnung ist in den Naturwissenschaften untrennbar mit wissenschaftlichen Kontroversen verknüpft, die auch für den Physikunterricht einen Bildungswert besitzen, insbesondere im Hinblick auf kritische Urteilsbildung, Multiperspektivität und ein angemessenes Nature-of-Science-Verständnis. Basierend auf einer Charakterisierung wissenschaftlicher Kontroversen wird am Beispiel der Frage nach der Relativität der Masse in der Speziellen Relativitätstheorie in einer explorativ-qualitativen Studie untersucht, wie Physiklehrkräfte und Physiklehramtsstudierende mit einer solchen Kontroverse umgehen und inwieweit sie deren Bildungswert nutzen. Dazu werden sowohl Gedankenauflistungen, die von den Befragten nach dem Lesen von Textmaterialien zu den unterschiedlichen Fachpositionen erstellt wurden, als auch Antworten zu verschiedenen Textvignetten mit Hilfe der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Insgesamt zeigt sich, dass die Studierenden häufiger offen gegenüber den kontroversen fachwissenschaftlichen Positionen sind als die Lehrkräfte. Unterschiede in Bezug auf die Realisierung des Bildungswertes im Unterrichtskontext werden mithilfe von fünf Typen systematisch beschrieben. Ein Großteil der Befragten weist dabei Ansätze zur Umsetzung von Kontroversität im Physikunterricht auf. Die Mehrheit vertritt auch eine eigene fachwissenschaftliche Position und ein Teil der Befragten nutzt die wissenschaftliche Kontroverse zur Thematisierung von Nature-of-Science-Aspekten.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Chapter 2 The LEXIS Platform for Distributed Workflow Execution and Data Management (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Supercomputing
    Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Supercomputing ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering
    Language: English
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  • 41
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    Chapter 12 The Genesis of Behaviorally Modern Homo sapiens (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This book is a “big history” of the evidence regarding how we came to be. It briefly explores philosophical thought and how our past might affect our future. The text summarizes different perspectives, including the strengths and weaknesses of each. The genesis of our planet is explored, especially the circumstances that must exist for complex life to arise. This brief journey highlights the history of life, the emergence of simple lifeforms, and the evolution of complex creatures, including humans. The book concludes with a discussion of why other humanoids went extinct while our species achieved dominance. The author speculates on potentialities awaiting humankind and our planet.
    Keywords: Big History, Emergent Conditions, Evolution of Complexity, Origin of Life ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics::PHVG Geophysics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution
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  • 42
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    Xenopus (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book focuses on the amphibian, Xenopus, one of the most commonly used model animals in the biological sciences. Over the past 50 years, the use of Xenopus has made possible many fundamental contributions to our knowledge in cell biology, developmental biology, molecular biology, and neurobiology. In recent years, with the completion of the genome sequence of the main two species and the application of genome editing techniques, Xenopus has emerged as a powerful system to study fundamental disease mechanisms and test treatment possibilities. Xenopus has proven an essential vertebrate model system for understanding fundamental cell and developmental biological mechanisms, for applying fundamental knowledge to pathological processes, for deciphering the function of human disease genes, and for understanding genome evolution. Key Features Provides historical context of the contributions of the model system Includes contributions from an international team of leading scholars Presents topics spanning cell biology, developmental biology, genomics, and disease model Describes recent experimental advances Incorporates richly illustrated diagrams and color images Related Titles Green, S. L. The Laboratory Xenopus sp. (ISBN 978-1-4200-9109-0) Faber, J. & P. D. Nieuwkoop. Normal Table of Xenopus laevis (Daudin): A Systematical & Chronological Survey of the Development from the Fertilized Egg till the End of Metamorphosis (ISBN 978-0-8153-1896-5) Jarret, R. L. & K. McCluskey. The Biological Resources of Model Organisms (ISBN 978-1-0320-9095-5)
    Keywords: Developmental biology ; Genetics (non-medical) ; Evolution ; Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSC Developmental biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
    Language: English
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  • 43
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    Professionsbezogene Wirkungen einer Lehr-Lern-Labor-Veranstaltung (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Fachdidaktisches Wissen gilt als wichtige Gelingensbedingung für einen professionell durchgeführten Unterricht. Positive Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen, vielfältige Unterrichtskompetenzen sowie eine befürwortende Einstellung gegenüber der Reflexion von Unterricht sind darüber hinaus Indikatoren einer gelingenden Professionalisierung. Professionelle Handlungskompetenz entwickelt sich vornehmlich, wenn angehende Lehrkräfte die Gelegenheit bekommen theoretische Wissensanteile in der Praxis umzusetzen und diesen Transfer zu reflektieren. Die unreflektierte Absolvierung von Unterrichtspraktika birgt nämlich die Gefahr eines "Praxisschocks". Um dem vorzubeugen, ist es förderlich, praktische Studienanteile in ihrer Komplexität sukzessive zu steigern. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass Lehr-Lern-Labore (LLL) diesen Anforderungen genügen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die professionalisierende Wirkung dieses Veranstaltungskonzepts am Beispiel des LLL "Schwimmen, Schweben, Sinken" multimethodisch untersucht. Dabei wurden Gruppendiskussionen und Interviews, eine hoch inferente Fremdeinschätzungserhebung sowie eine Prä-Post-Fragebogenstudie mit Studierenden der Bachelorstudiengänge Lehramt Physik sowie Grundschulpädagogik (Sachunterricht) an der Freien Universität Berlin durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Lehr-Lern-Labor-Veranstaltungen einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Anbahnung sowie zur Unterstützung der Professionalisierung von Lehrkräften bereits während des Studiums leisten können, ohne dass es zum "Praxisschock" kommt.
    Keywords: Science ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Diagnostische Prozesse von Studierenden des Lehramts (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Eine lernendenorientierte und adaptive Gestaltung von Unterricht erfordert von den Lehrkräften, dass sie vorhandene Kompetenzen und Lernprozesse der Schülerinnen und Schüler diagnostizieren. Außerdem müssen sie die Anforderungen von Aufgaben mit Blick auf deren Passung zu den Lernprozessen der Schülerinnen und Schüler analysieren können. Eine derart verstandene "diagnostische Kompetenz" wird als zentrales Professionalisierungsziel von Lehrkräften angesehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden die diagnostischen Prozesse von acht Studierenden mit den Fächern Physik und Mathematik in zwei aufeinander folgenden Lehrveranstaltungen zur Diagnostik untersucht, um Potentiale und Lernhindernisse im Kompetenzaufbau zu identifizieren. In beiden Veranstaltungen bildeten Vignetten von Lernprozessen den Ausgangspunkt für studentische Diagnosen. Forschungsgegenstand waren u.a. schriftliche Diagnosen der Studierenden im Prä-Post-Vergleich sowie auf Video aufgezeichnete studentische Diskurse bei der Diagnose von Lernprozessen der Schülerinnen und Schüler. Die Analysen erfassen u.a., auf welche Komponenten eines Diagnoseprozesses die Studierenden in welcher Weise Bezug nehmen und welche (fach-) didaktischen überlegungen bzw. Theoriebezüge sie in ihren Diagnosen als Referenzpunkte nutzen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass auf struktureller Ebene zwar alle Komponenten thematisiert, aber inhaltlich nicht entlang einer typischen Abfolge miteinander verbunden werden. Trotz inhaltlicher Prompts wird nur selten explizit auf Theoriebezüge zurückgegriffen.
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    On the Stability of Objective Structures (Volume 38) (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The main focus of this thesis is the discussion of stability of an objective (atomic) structure consisting of single atoms which interact via a potential. We define atomistic stability using a second derivative test. More precisely, atomistic stability is equivalent to a vanishing first derivative of the configurational energy (at the corresponding point) and the coerciveness of the second derivative of the configurational energy with respect to an appropriate semi-norm. Atomistic stability of a lattice is well understood, see, e.,g., [40]. The aim of this thesis is to generalize the theory to objective structures. In particular, we first investigate discrete subgroups of the Euclidean group, then define an appropriate seminorm and the atomistic stability for a given objective structure, and finally provide an efficient algorithm to check its atomistic stability. The algorithm particularly checks the validity of the Cauchy-Born rule for objective structures. To illustrate our results, we prove numerically the stability of a carbon nanotube by applying the algorithm.
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 46
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    Entwicklung und experimentelle Validierung eines Ansatzes für die Modellierung des Anstreifverhaltens von Labyrinthdichtungen mit Honigwabeneinlaufbelägen (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Die Optimierung dynamischer Dichtsysteme ist eine kostengünstige Methode zur Erhöhung der Wirkungsgrade, Lebensdauer und Betriebssicherheit von Turbomaschinen. Zuverlässige und effiziente Dichtsysteme lassen sich nur realisieren, wenn die Anstreifvorgänge zwischen rotierenden und statischen Komponenten sowie ihre Folgen schon bei der Auslegung berücksichtigt und im Betrieb beherrscht werden können. Bis heute sind die physikalischen Vorgänge beim Anstreifen jedoch nur unzureichend verstanden und es fehlen zuverlässige Modellierungsansätze für ihre Vorhersage. Die vorliegende Arbeit liefert einen essentiellen Beitrag zum Verständnis des Anstreifverhaltens und somit zur Optimierung einlaufender dynamischer Dichtsysteme mit Fokus auf Labyrinthdichtungen mit Einlaufbelägen aus Hohlkörperstrukturen. Mit Hilfe aufwändiger experimenteller Untersuchungen wird in dieser Arbeit ein tiefergreifendes physikalisches Verständnis der Anstreifvorgänge bereitgestellt. Die experimentell gewonnenen Erkenntnisse bilden schließlich die Grundlage für die Entwicklung eines Modellierungsansatzes, der erstmals unter Berücksichtigung aller Einflussparameter die zuverlässige Vorhersage des Anstreifverhaltens einlaufender Labyrinthdichtungen ermöglicht.
    Keywords: Technology & Engineering ; Construction ; Technology & Engineering ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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  • 47
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    Sprachlicher Umgang mit Formeln von LehrerInnen im Physikunterricht am Beispiel des elektrischen Widerstandes in Klassenstufe 8 (Volume 305) (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Formeln sind eine wichtige mathematische Darstellungsform im Physikunterricht. Jedoch haben Lernende häufig Schwierigkeiten bei der Verbalisierung der inhaltlichen Bedeutung von Formeln. Dies wirft die Frage auf, wie Lehrende diese inhaltliche Seite von Formeln vermitteln. Der Theorieteil stellt den Empiriestand zu den Themenkomplexen Formeln und Kommunikation, Alltagssprache, Unterrichts -sprache und Fachsprache im Physikunterricht ausführlich dar. Auf Grundlage sprachwissenschaftlicher Überlegungen wurde ein Ebenenmodell der Versprachlichung von Formeln entwickelt und durch Lehrbuchanalysen validiert, mit dessen Hilfe das Sprechen von und über Formeln analysiert werden kann. In einer qualitativen, explorativ ausgerichteten Feldstudie wurde Physikunterricht von 10 Lehrenden zum elektrischen Widerstand beobachtet und ihre Sprache mit Hilfe der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse und des entwickelten Ebenenmodells ausgewertet. Das entstandene Kategoriensystem zeigt ein vielfältiges Sprechen über Formeln, das viele Aspekte von Formelverständnis abdeckt. Eine explizite qualitative Interpretation von Formeln bleibt jedoch meist aus. Es zeigt sich in vielen Aspekten ein eher technischer Umgang mit Formeln, der die strukturelle Rolle der Mathematik vernachlässigt. Das Sprechen der Lehrenden im Umgang mit Formeln kann als entweder fachsprachlich, schülernah oder ausgewogen, in einigen Fällen zusätzlich als reflektierend charakterisiert werden.
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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  • 48
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    Elektronenbahnen in Feldern (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung erleichtert den Einsatz von computergestützten Experimentiergelegenheiten in Schule und Universität. Dabei ermöglichen solche Experimente Lernenden eigenständige Erfahrungen mit neuen Fachinhalten. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde ein lernerzentriertes und webbasiertes Angebot entwickelt, mit dem Lernende selbstständig Experimente zur Elektronenbewegung in Feldern durchführen können. Dabei wurden verschiedene Möglichkeiten zur Unterstützung der Lernprozesse, die der Einsatz digitaler Endgeräte mit sich bringt, realisiert - dies sind u.a. der Einsatz von Augmented Reality, ergänzenden Visualisierungen und automatisiertem Feedback. Doch über die Häufigkeit und die Art der Nutzung entsprechender Angebote in Schule und beim selbstständigen Lernen gibt es bisher nur wenige empirisch abgesicherte Erkenntnisse. Daher wurde hierzu eine Nutzungsanalyse mithilfe von Usertracking durchgeführt. Diese zeigt, dass das Angebot sowohl im Unterricht als auch beim selbstständigen Lernen sehr häufig genutzt wird, und deckt auf, welche Elemente zu einer intensiven Nutzung des Angebotes führen. Weiter wurde in einer Laborstudie die Wirkung von Multiplen Repräsentationen auf den Erfolg beim experimentellen Hypothesenprüfen und den wahrgenommenen Cognitive Load untersucht. Hier zeigte sich, dass integrierte, dynamisch verlinkte Repräsentationen die Nutzer unterstützen, aber keinen zusätzlichen Cognitive Load verursachen. Dies sollte bei der Gestaltung zukünftiger Angebote berücksichtigt werden.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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  • 49
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    Eignung von domänenspezifischen Studieneingangsvariablen als Prädiktoren für Studienerfolg im Fach und Lehramt Physik (Volume 307) (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-01
    Description: Niedrige Studienerfolgsquoten in den Studiengängen Physik und Lehramt Physik sind sowohl aus bildungspolitischer und institutioneller Sicht als auch aus individueller Perspektive erfolglos Studierender eine Herausforderung. Bisher gibt es nur wenige empirische Studien, die Gründe für niedrige Studienerfolgsquoten bestimmen. Von dieser Situation ausgehend, zielte diese Arbeit auf die Erfassung domänenspezifischer Eingangsvoraussetzungen von Studienanfängerinnen und -anfängern, um daraus mögliche Prädiktoren für einen Studienerfolg zu bestimmen. Den Kern der Arbeit bildet die Konzeption und Evaluation eines Testinstruments zu Studieneingangsvoraussetzungen. Das Instrument umfasst einen Vorwissenstest in Mathematik und Physik sowie einen Test zu domänenspezifischen Verhaltensweisen und Einstellungen. Das selbstentwickelte Instrument wurde bei N = 116 Studierenden eingesetzt, um die Prognosekraft der gemessenen Konstrukte auf einen möglichen Studienerfolg zu schätzen. Dabei zeigte sich der Physikteil des Vorwissenstests in Verbindung mit der Hochschulzugangsberechtigungsnote als signifikanter Prädiktor für den Studienerfolg gemessen am Studienverbleib nach drei Semestern. Dieses Ergebnis stellt im Wesentlichen eine Replikation bereits bekannter Erkenntnisse dar. Es konnten erste Hinweise gefunden werden, dass sich lernzielorientierte Einstellungen positiv auf den Studienerfolg auswirken können.
    Keywords: Social Science ; Statistics ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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  • 50
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    Quantenoptik an Schulen (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Die Quantenphysik bildet schon heute das Fundament zahlreicher aktueller Technologien. Zukünftige Quantentechnologien, wie Quantencomputer, werden sowohl in der Industrie als auch für die Gesellschaft an Bedeutung gewinnen. In vielen nationalen und internationalen Schulcurricula ist die Quantenphysik als Thema für den Physikunterricht mittlerweile fest verankert. Aber trotz des enormen Bedeutungszuwachses von Quantentechnologien ist der Unterricht zur Quantenphysik an Schulen nach wie vor von semi-klassischen Modellen und quasi-historischen Zugängen geprägt, während moderne Begriffe der Quantenphysik häufig unberücksichtigt bleiben. Die Folge sind oft klassisch-mechanistisch geprägte Vorstellungen Lernender zur Quantenphysik. Hier setzt diese Arbeit an: mit dem Erlanger Unterrichtskonzept zur Quantenoptik wird ein Konzept vorgestellt, mit dem Lernende der gymnasialen Oberstufe Quanteneffekte anhand quantenoptischer Experimente kennen lernen. Konzepte der Quantenoptik, wie die Präparation von Quantenzuständen, die Antikorrelation am Strahlteiler und die Einzelphotoneninterferenz verhelfen Lernenden zu einem modernen Bild über Quantenphysik. Im Rahmen einer summativen Evaluation im Mixed-Methods-Design mit 171 Schülerinnen und Schülern zeigte sich, dass Lernende mit dem Erlanger Unterrichtskonzept zu quantenphysikalisch dominierten Vorstellungen gelangen und verbreitete Lernschwierigkeiten vermieden werden können.
    Keywords: Science ; Science ; Physics ; Technology & Engineering ; Agriculture ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming
    Language: German
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    Investigation on the dissemination of unit watt in airborne sound and applications (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Sound power describes the emission of sound from sound sources. Despite today's state-of-the art measurement techniques, the current sound power determination methods are restricted due to various limitations. To overcome these limitations, a new sound power determination method is proposed, aiming at the establishment of traceability in airborne sound. This will enable the characterization of a sound source by its free field sound power. The dissertation describes a study on the dissemination process, which will allow the sound power of a device under test located at a real surrounding environment, to be referred to its free field sound power. Apart from the sound power, the corresponding uncertainty may be estimated in a transparent way, where each uncertainty component is provided. The basic tool for the dissemination process is the substitution method using aerodynamic reference sound sources, applied to both sound pressure and sound intensity measurements. Initially, a theoretical investigation deals with the factors that influence the substitution method. Experimental results are then presented based on measurements using a specially designed scanning apparatus. The transition from calibration to in situ conditions and the required correction, due to changes in environmental and operational conditions, is then discussed. In the last section, the sound power level of devices under test is determined along with its related uncertainty, which is further compared to the up-to-date uncertainty values.
    Keywords: Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Anthropometric Individualization of Head-Related Transfer Functions Analysis and Modeling (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Human sound localization helps to pay attention to spatially separated speakers using interaural level and time differences as well as angle-dependent monaural spectral cues. In a monophonic teleconference, for instance, it is much more difficult to distinguish between different speakers due to missing binaural cues. Spatial positioning of the speakers by means of binaural reproduction methods using head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) enhances speech comprehension. These HRTFs are influenced by the torso, head and ear geometry as they describe the propagation path of the sound from a source to the ear canal entrance. Through this geometry-dependency, the HRTF is directional and subject-dependent. To enable a sufficient reproduction, individual HRTFs should be used. However, it is tremendously difficult to measure these HRTFs. For this reason this thesis proposes approaches to adapt the HRTFs applying individual anthropometric dimensions of a user. Since localization at low frequencies is mainly influenced by the interaural time difference, two models to adapt this difference are developed and compared with existing models. Furthermore, two approaches to adapt the spectral cues at higher frequencies are studied, improved and compared. Although the localization performance with individualized HRTFs is slightly worse than with individual HRTFs, it is nevertheless still better than with non-individual HRTFs, taking into account the measurement effort.
    Keywords: Technology & Engineering ; Electronics ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 53
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    Maßnahmen zur Unterstützung kognitiver und metakognitiver Prozesse in der Studieneingangsphase (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: Bedingt durch die zunehmende Heterogenität der Studierendenschaft rücken die Studienschwierigkeiten in der Studieneingangsphase immer mehr in den Fokus naturwissenschaftsdidaktischer Forschungs- und Entwicklungsarbeiten. In den bisherigen Untersuchungen werden die beim Übergang in die Hochschule auftretenden Lern-, Reflexions- und Entscheidungsprozesse allerdings kaum betrachtet. Vor diesem Hintergrund beschreibt die vorliegende Arbeit anhand des Lernzentrums 'Physiktreff' an der Universität Paderborn die evidenzbasierte Entwicklung und Gestaltung geeigneter Unterstützungsmaßnahmen. Das Maßnahmenpaket des universitären Lernzentrums 'Physiktreff' wurde mit einem Design-Based-Research-Ansatz in mehreren Zyklen entwickelt und mithilfe von schriftlichen Fragebogenerhebungen und leitfadengestützten Interviews evaluiert. Die Analyse von Nutzungstypen stellte je nach Typ unterschiedliche Wirkungen des 'Physiktreffs' fest, z.B. zeigt der 'Physiktreff' Wirkungen in transitionsbedingten Krisen und bei der Vorbereitung auf Prüfungen. Außerdem konnte eine zunächst theoretisch begründete Modellierung der Prozesse in der Studieneingangsphase empirisch fundiert werden.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: German
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    Zur Förderung des Verständnisses der Variablenkontrolle im naturwissenschaftlichen Sachunterricht (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Naturwissenschaftliche Grundbildung im Sinne der Scientific Literacy umfasst das Erlernen inhaltlicher Konzepte sowie naturwissenschaftlicher Denk-, Arbeitsu- und Handlungsweisen. Auch in der Sachunterrichtsdidaktik werden entsprechende Ziele formuliert. Fachdidaktische und entwicklungspsychologische Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass Grundschulkinder systematische Strategien der Hypothesenprüfung (Variablenisolation und -kontrolle) erlernen können. Dabei scheint die Unterstützungsmaßnahme des Modeling besonders geeignet. In einem Prä-Post-Follow-up-Design mit Baseline wurden unter Kontrolle der Lernvoraussetzungen die Auswirkungen einer Förderung des Verständnisses der Variablenkontrolle im Kontext Magnetismus durch Modeling im Vergleich zu einem am Offenen Experimentieren orientierten Lernsetting auf (1) eigenständiges Bewerten und Entwickeln von Experimenten, (2) Transferfähigkeit, (3) Entwicklung, Durchführung und Bewertung eigener Experimente, (4) Qualität bzgl. des erreichten Niveaus der Experimente und (5) motivationale Schülermerkmale geprüft. Zur differenzierten Erfassung kamen ein Paper-Pencil-Test und ein videographiertes Interview zum Einsatz. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass (1) beide Gruppen von der Intervention profitierten, die Daten einer Baseline jedoch auf einen Testwiederholungseffekt hindeuteten. Einflüsse der Intervention auf die anderen Bereiche konnten nachgewiesen werden. Eine Förderung durch Modeling wirkte sich auf alle vier genannten Bereiche (2)-(5) positiv aus.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Providing orbit information with predetermined bounded accuracy (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The exchange of orbit information is becoming more important in view of the increasing population of objects in space as well as the increase in parties involved in space operations. The aim of this thesis was to investigate how orbit information maintained by a space surveillance system can be provided to its users. Services like collision avoidance require very accurate information, while other services might be less stringent. An approach was studied, which allows to derive orbit and covariance information of predetermined accuracy from a reference orbit. Using Chebyshev polynomials, continuous state vector and covariance matrix information can be provided. The major advantage is that no inter- or extrapolation on the user's side is required. A method to reduce the data amount by interpolating the variance envelope functions was also studied. The proposed method in this thesis gives access to highly accurate information from the catalogue, where this information is required. On the other hand it can also provide less accurate information, where requirements are less restrictive, thereby allowing for a significantly reduced amount of data to be transferred and stored.
    Keywords: Computers ; Computer Science ; Technology & Engineering ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Beam-based Correction and Optimization for Accelerators (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This book provides systematic coverage of the beam-based techniques that accelerator physicists use to improve the performance of large particle accelerators, including synchrotrons and linacs. It begins by discussing the basic principles of accelerators, before exploring the various error sources in accelerators and their impact on the machine's performances. The book then demonstrates the latest developments of beam-based correction techniques that can be used to address such errors and covers the new and expanding area of beam-based optimization. This book is an ideal, accessible reference book for physicists working on accelerator design and operation, and for postgraduate studying accelerator physics. Features: Entirely self-contained, exploring the theoretic background, including algorithm descriptions, and providing application guidance Accompanied by source codes of the main algorithms and sample codes online Uses real-life accelerator problems to illustrate principles, enabling readers to apply techniques to their own problems Xiaobiao Huang is an accelerator physicist at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory at Stanford University, USA. He graduated from Tsinghua University with a Bachelor of Science in Physics and a Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science in 1999. He earned a PhD in Accelerator Physics from Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA, in 2005. He spent three years on thesis research work at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory from 2003-2005. He has worked at SLAC as a staff scientist since 2006. He became Accelerator Physics Group Leader of the SPEAR3 Division, Accelerator Directorate in 2015. His research work in accelerator physics ranges from beam dynamics, accelerator design, and accelerator modelling and simulation to beam based measurements, accelerator control, and accelerator optimization. He has taught several courses at US Particle Accelerator School (USPAS), including Beam Based Diagnostics, Accelerator Physics, Advanced Accelerator Physics, and Special Topics in Accelerator Physics.
    Keywords: Accelerator errors ; Accelerator failure ; Accelerator performance ; High energy accelerator ; Particle accelerator ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TH Energy technology & engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering
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  • 57
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    Modellierung und Erfassung von Kompetenzen naturwissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisgewinnung bei (Lehramts-) Studierenden im Fach Physik (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Für Studiengänge an deutschen Hochschulen wird heute meistens eine Orientierung an Kompetenzen eingefordert. Die zur Messung dieser Kompetenzen nötigen Testinstrumente fehlen aber weitestgehend. Im Kooperationsprojekt "Ko-WADiS", in dem diese Studie angesiedelt war, wurde ein Kompetenztest zur naturwissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisgewinnung entwickelt. Erkenntnisgewinnung wird dabei als ein komplexer Problemlöseprozess im Sinne des Scientific Reasoning angesehen. Auf Grundlage dieser theoretischen Überlegungen wurden zunächst ein Kompetenzmodell adaptiert und Items entwickelt. Für diese Studie wurde der Kompetenztest in einer querschnittlichen Untersuchung bei Studierenden der Physik eingesetzt. Die empirischen Ergebnisse deuten auf die beste Passung eines eindimensionalen Modells hin. Auf Basis dieses Modells wurden weitere Analysen vorgenommen. Hierbei wird deutlich, dass erwartungskonform Masterstudierende einen höheren Kompetenzstand als Bachelorstudierende haben. Gleichzeitig gibt es Evidenz für einen signifikanten Vorteil der Fachstudierenden im Vergleich zu den Lehramtsstudierenden. Keine Vorteile zeigen sich hingegen für Lehramtsstudierende der Physik mit einem weiteren naturwissenschaftlichen Fach.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Ecological Causal Assessment (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Edited by experts at the leading edge of the development of causal assessment methods for more than two decades, Ecological Causal Assessment gives insight and expert guidance on how to identify cause-effect relationships in environmental systems. The book discusses the importance of asking the fundamental question "Why did this effect happen?" bef
    Keywords: assessments ; creek ; ept ; fox ; kit ; long ; relationship ; response ; stressor ; taxa ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQS Sanitary and municipal engineering::TQSW Water supply and treatment
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    Computereinsatz in Schule und Schülerlabor (2022)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: Die Einstellung von Lehrkräften bestimmt deren Handeln mit. Die vorliegende Studie befasst sich mit dem Nutzungsverhalten und der Einstellung von Physiklehrkräften bzgl. Computern und Neuen Medien im unterrichtlichen Zusammenhang. Außerdem werden die Einstellung und Einschätzung von Schülerinnen und Schülern zu diesem Thema untersucht. Methodisch wurden dazu sowohl quantitative Analysemethoden auf Basis von Fragebögen, als auch qualitative Methoden wie halboffene Interviews genutzt und kombiniert. Durch die explorative Untersuchung konnte festgestellt werden, dass sich die Einstellung zum Computereinsatz im Physikunterricht in sechs Dimensionen beschreiben lässt, auf deren Basis die Lehrkräfte in fünf Gruppen klassifiziert werden: Verhinderte Nutzer, Neugierige, Computerenthusiasten, Realisten und Meider. Für jede dieser Gruppen lassen sich unterschiedliche Handlungsempfehlungen formulieren, um den Einsatz Neuer Medien bei Physiklehrkräften zu fördern.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    High Performance Propagation of Large Object Populations in Earth Orbits (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Orbital debris is becoming an increasing problem for space flight missions. New satellite launches, explosions, collisions and other events cause a steady rise in the number of objects orbiting the Earth. It is therefore important to determine the future development of the object population, as well as the effectiveness of debris mitigation measures, in long-term simulations. Orbital propagation, the calculation of an object's movement in its orbit, poses a challenge for this research due to the high computation times of the complex perturbation models involved. With populations consisting of hundreds of thousands of objects as well as simulation time frames of up to 200 years, these calculations can take up hours of computation time. To speed up this process, the analytical propagator Ikebana is introduced in this work of applied computer science in engineering. The program runs on graphics processing units, hardware designed for massively parallel execution of up to thousands of concurrent threads. This reduces the overall run time for large object populations from hours to minutes. Porting software from a conventional CPU is not a trivial task and involves a number of potential pitfalls and optimization opportunities which are detailed in this work. The propagator is integrated into other applications via a generic, multi-platform interface specifically designed for this task. It allows to develop the propagator separately and integrate it into other tools as a plugin at run time. The interface's architecture serves as a design template for analytical propagation software.
    Keywords: Computers ; Computer Science ; Technology & Engineering ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    A Most Improbable Story (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This book is a “big history” of the evidence regarding how we came to be. It briefly explores philosophical thought and how our past might affect our future. The text summarizes different perspectives, including the strengths and weaknesses of each. The genesis of our planet is explored, especially the circumstances that must exist for complex life to arise. This brief journey highlights the history of life, the emergence of simple lifeforms, and the evolution of complex creatures, including humans. The book concludes with a discussion of why other humanoids went extinct while our species achieved dominance. The author speculates on potentialities awaiting humankind and our planet.
    Keywords: Big History, Emergent Conditions, Evolution of Complexity, Origin of Life ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics::PHVG Geophysics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution
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    Zentrale Themen der Ideengeschichte physikdidaktischer Forschung in Deutschland anhand ausgew ̈ahlter Originalquellen (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-15
    Description: Die Didaktik der Physik ist im deutschsprachigen Raum mittlerweile fest etabliert. Ihre Akteur_innen haben ein Selbstverständnis als eigene wissenschaftliche Disziplin entwickelt, die eigene Forschungsfelder und -fragestellungen in den Fokus nimmt und mit spezifischen Forschungsformaten und -methoden untersucht. Die Forschungsaktivität in dieser Disziplin nimmt seit Jahren stetig zu und differenziert sich inhaltlich immer stärker aus, so dass es in der Didaktik der Physik kaum noch möglich ist, einen Überblick über alle Entwicklungen zu behalten. Zugleich sind die eigenen ideengeschichtlichen Wurzeln dieser Disziplin im aktuellen Forschungsbetrieb nicht mehr sehr präsent. Gerade Nachwuchswissenschaftler_innen sind sie nicht immer bewusst. Als Ergebnis einer über 3 Jahren dauernden Delphi-Studie legen wir in diesem Band eine Sammlung von Verweisen auf grundlegende und wegweisende Literatur der Physikdidaktik vor, die von Expert_innen jeweils kurz in den wissenschaftshistorischen Kontext eingeordnet werden. Es handelt sich hier nicht um ein Lehrbuch, sondern um eine Ressource, die die die historische Vielfalt physikdidaktischer Denk- und Forschungsansätze kompakt zugänglich macht und die zur Reflexion über die Fachdidaktik und ihr Selbstverständnis als wissenschaftliche Disziplin anregen soll. Sie möchte auf sinnvolle und ökonomische Weise die historische »Werdung« der Physikdidaktik nahebringen.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Flipped Classroom im Physikunterricht (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Flipped Classroom ist eine innovative Unterrichtsmethode, bei der sich Schülerinnen und Schüler zuhause mit Lernvideos auf den Unterricht vorbereiten. Im Unterricht selbst steht dann die Anwendung und Vertiefung des Wissens in kooperativen Lernsettings im Vordergrund. Wissenschaftlich ist der Einsatz dieser Methode im deutschen Schulunterricht bislang nicht untersucht worden, auch nicht im Physikunterricht. Haben die Schülerinnen und Schüler hier einen höheren Lernzuwachs? Ändern sich das Selbstkonzept, das Fachinteresse und die Motivation? Welche Rolle spielt dabei das Leistungsvermögen oder das Geschlecht? Die vorliegende quasi-experimentelle Interventionsstudie im Pre-/Postdesign mit Kontrollgruppe untersuchte den Einsatz des Flipped Classroom im Physikunterricht. Dabei zeigten sich positive Effekte auf den Lernerfolg sowie teilweise auf affektive Lernmerkmale. Motivational profitierten vor allem die Mädchen vom Flipped Classroom, die Jungen hingegen verbesserten deutlich ihre Hausaufgabendisziplin.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Chapter 4 Data System and Data Management in a Federation of HPC/ Cloud Centers (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Supercomputing
    Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Supercomputing ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering
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    Das Amalgam Anfangs-Elektrizitätslehreunterricht (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-01
    Description: In fachdidaktischen Interventionsstudien wird Unterricht auf Basis neu entwickelter Unterrichtskonzepte öfter mit "traditionellem Unterricht" verglichen. Eine vertiefte Auseinandersetzung mit "traditionellem Unterricht" bei Interventionsstudien ermöglicht einen differenzierteren Blick auf deren Ergebnisse, aber auch ein tieferes Verständnis von Akzeptanzhürden, die bei der Umsetzung neuer Unterrichtskonzepte auftreten können. In dieser Studie wurde daher der Anfangs-Elektrizitäts -lehreunterricht von 32 Lehrkräften in Bayern, Hessen und Österreich beleuchtet: Einerseits wurden Elemente der individuell umgesetzten Sachstruktur der Lehrkräfte mithilfe von Logbüchern und Schülerheften rekonstruiert. Andererseits wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen ausgewählten Lehrkräfte- und Schülervariablen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich für die Auswahl und Abfolge von Fachinhalten und den Einsatz von Analogiemodellen einige Muster identifizieren lassen, denen ein Großteil der Lehrkräfte folgte. Im Zuge von Mehrebenenanalysen konnten die erhobenen Aspekte des Professionswissens der Lehrkräfte in einer Betrachtung des Gesamtsamples der Lernenden nicht als Prädiktor für fachlichen Lernerfolg identifiziert werden, jedoch für das Sub-Sample der Lehrkräfte mit weniger als zehn Dienstjahren. Für die Entwicklung des Fachinteresses und des physikbezogenen Selbstkonzepts der Lernenden stellten sich die epistemologischen Vorstellungen und die Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung der Lehrkräfte im Umgang mit Schülervorstellungen als Prädiktoren heraus.
    Keywords: Education ; Science ; Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Diagnostische Prozesse von Studierenden des Lehramts (2021)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Eine lernendenorientierte und adaptive Gestaltung von Unterricht erfordert von den Lehrkräften, dass sie vorhandene Kompetenzen und Lernprozesse der Schülerinnen und Schüler diagnostizieren. Außerdem müssen sie die Anforderungen von Aufgaben mit Blick auf deren Passung zu den Lernprozessen der Schülerinnen und Schüler analysieren können. Eine derart verstandene "diagnostische Kompetenz" wird als zentrales Professionalisierungsziel von Lehrkräften angesehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden die diagnostischen Prozesse von acht Studierenden mit den Fächern Physik und Mathematik in zwei aufeinander folgenden Lehrveranstaltungen zur Diagnostik untersucht, um Potentiale und Lernhindernisse im Kompetenzaufbau zu identifizieren. In beiden Veranstaltungen bildeten Vignetten von Lernprozessen den Ausgangspunkt für studentische Diagnosen. Forschungsgegenstand waren u.a. schriftliche Diagnosen der Studierenden im Prä-Post-Vergleich sowie auf Video aufgezeichnete studentische Diskurse bei der Diagnose von Lernprozessen der Schülerinnen und Schüler. Die Analysen erfassen u.a., auf welche Komponenten eines Diagnoseprozesses die Studierenden in welcher Weise Bezug nehmen und welche (fach-) didaktischen überlegungen bzw. Theoriebezüge sie in ihren Diagnosen als Referenzpunkte nutzen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass auf struktureller Ebene zwar alle Komponenten thematisiert, aber inhaltlich nicht entlang einer typischen Abfolge miteinander verbunden werden. Trotz inhaltlicher Prompts wird nur selten explizit auf Theoriebezüge zurückgegriffen.
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Biodiversity Databases (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: With changes in technology and a renewed effort to catalog the world's biodiversity, huge amounts of data are being generated on biodiversity issues. As response to the call for better information systems to manage the biodiversity crisis, a wide range of solutions are being developed for inventorying, managing, and disseminating taxonomic data. This book brings together a diverse array of authors, expertise, and assessors that discuss technical developments to improve the construction, population, and dissemination of biodiversity information. It is designed to inform students and researchers of biodiversity about the changes and challenges that need to be understood by everyone in this information age.
    Keywords: Natural History ; Data Preparation and Mining ; ENVIRO ; BIOSCIENCE ; SCI-TECH ; COMPUTERSCIENCE ; ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCE ; LIFESCIENCE ; INFORMATIONSCIENCE ; STM ; artificial ; bgcolor ; devonian ; facility ; global ; informatics ; information ; lower ; network ; neural ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNF Data mining ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    Microscale Testing in Aquatic Toxicology (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Bioassays are among the ecotoxicologist's most effective weapons in the evaluation of water quality and the assessment of ecological impacts of effluents, chemicals, discharges, and emissions on the aquatic environment. Information on these assessment aids is needed throughout the international scientific and environmental management community. This comprehensive reference provides an excellent overview of the small-scale aquatic bioassay techniques and applications currently in use around the world. This special volume is the result of several years of collaboration between Environment Canada and Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Internationally recognized research scientists at many institutions have contributed to this state-of-the-art examination of the exciting, environmentally important field of microscale testing in aquatic toxicology. Microscale Testing in Aquatic Toxicology contains over forty chapters covering relevant principles, new techniques and recent advancements, and applications in scientific research, environmental management, academia, and the private sector.
    Keywords: aquatic toxicology ; biological methods ; chemical contamination ; Ecological Toxicology ; Environmental Toxicology ; ecotoxicology ; environmental pollution ; limnology ; Marine and Aquatic Science ; Marine Biology ; marine environmental protection ; ocean health ; toxicity test methods ; water pollution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSP Hydrobiology::PSPM Marine biology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Gauge Theories in Particle Physics: A Practical Introduction, Volume 2: Non-Abelian Gauge Theories (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Volume 2 of this revised and updated edition provides an accessible and practical introduction to the two non-Abelian quantum gauge field theories of the Standard Model of particle physics: quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and the Glashow-Salam-Weinberg (GSW) electroweak theory.This volume covers much of the experimental progress made in the last ten y
    Keywords: Nuclear physics ; Physics ; Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory)
    Language: English
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    Electrochemical Supercapacitors for Energy Storage and Delivery (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Although recognized as an important component of all energy storage and conversion technologies, electrochemical supercapacitators (ES) still face development challenges in order to reach their full potential. A thorough examination of development in the technology during the past decade, Electrochemical Supercapacitors for Energy Storage and Delivery: Fundamentals and Applications provides a comprehensive introduction to the ES from technical and practical aspects and crystallization of the technology, detailing the basics of ES as well as its components and characterization techniques. The book illuminates the practical aspects of understanding and applying the technology within the industry and provides sufficient technical detail of newer materials being developed by experts in the field which may surface in the future. The book discusses the technical challenges and the practical limitations and their associated parameters in ES technology. It also covers the structure and options for device packaging and materials choices such as electrode materials, electrolyte, current collector, and sealants based on comparison of available data. Supplying an in depth understanding of the components, design, and characterization of electrochemical supercapacitors, the book has wide-ranging appeal to industry experts and those new to the field. It can be used as a reference to apply to current work and a resource to foster ideas for new devices that will further the technology as it becomes a larger part of main stream energy storage.
    Keywords: Applications ; Apps ; Deliv ; Delivery ; Electro ; Electrochemical ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDY Energy ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: "Cyanobacterial toxins are among the hazardous substances most widely found in water. They occur naturally, but concentrations hazardous to human health are usually due to human activity. Therefore, to protect human health, managing lakes, reservoirs and rivers to prevent cyanobacterial blooms is critical. This second edition of Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water presents the current state of knowledge on the occurrence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins as well as their impacts on health through water-related exposure pathways, chiefly drinking-water and recreational activity. It provides scientific and technical background information to support hazard identification, assessment and prioritisation of the risks posed by cyanotoxins, and it outlines approaches for their management at each step of the water-use system. It sets out key practical considerations for developing management strategies, implementing efficient measures and designing monitoring programmes. This enables stakeholders to evaluate whether there is a health risk from toxic cyanobacteria and to mitigate it with appropriate measures. This book is intended for those working on toxic cyanobacteria with a specific focus on public health protection. It intends to empower professionals from different disciplines to communicate and cooperate for sustainable management of toxic cyanobacteria, including public health workers, ecologists, academics, and catchment and waterbody managers. Ingrid Chorus headed the department for Drinking-Water and Swimming-Pool Hygiene at the German Environment Agency. Martin Welker is a limnologist and microbiologist, currently with bioMérieux in Lyon, France."
    Keywords: drinking water;environmental microbiology;exposure pathways;limnology;phytoplankton;recreational water;swimming pool hygiene;toxins;water quality;water resource monitoring ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Optimal Control for Chemical Engineers (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This self-contained book gives a detailed treatment of optimal control theory that enables readers to formulate and solve optimal control problems. With a strong emphasis on problem solving, it provides all the necessary mathematical analyses and derivations of important results, including multiplier theorems and Pontryagin's principle. The text presents various examples and basic concepts of optimal control and describes important numerical methods and computational algorithms for solving a wide range of optimal control problems, including periodic processes.
    Keywords: Process Control - Chemical Engineering ; Separation Processing ; Systems and Controls ; ENG ; ElectricalEngineering ; CHEMLIB ; SCI-TECH ; CHEMICALENGINEERING ; STM ; constraint ; derivatives ; equation ; equations ; lagrange ; multiplier ; partial ; problem ; rule ; state ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    Lie Algebras In Particle Physics (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In this book, the author convinces that Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington had things a little bit wrong, as least as far as physics is concerned. He explores the theory of groups and Lie algebras and their representations to use group representations as labor-saving tools.
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Trace Elements in Abiotic and Biotic Environments (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book helps readers understand the fundamental principles and phenomena that control the transfer of trace elements. It describes the occurrence and behavior of trace elements in rocks, soil, water, air, and plants, and also discusses the anthropogenic impact to the environment. In addition, the book covers the presence of trace elements in feeds, as either contaminants or as nutritional or zootechnical additives, and their transfer across the food chain to humans. All trace elements are covered-from aluminum to zirconium-as well as rare-earth elements (actinides and lanthanides).
    Keywords: Soil Science ; Environmental Health ; Environmental Chemistry ; ENVIRO ; AGRICULTURE ; CHEMLIB ; SCI-TECH ; CHEMISTRY ; ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCE ; STM ; ash ; crust ; earths ; eriksson ; fly ; fresh ; periodic ; table ; weight ; 2001a ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming
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    Chapter 5 Impacts and Environmental Risks of Oil Spills on Marine Invertebrates, Algae and Seagrass (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Oceanography and Marine Biology | Oceanography and Marine Biology | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Marine invertebrates and macrophytes are sensitive to the toxic effects of oil. Depending on the intensity, duration and circumstances of the exposure, they can suffer high levels of initial mortality together with prolonged sublethal effects that can act at individual, population and community levels. Under some circumstances, recovery from these impacts can take years to decades. However, effects are variable because some taxa are less sensitive than others, and many factors can mitigate the degree of exposure, meaning that impacts are moderate in many cases, and recovery occurs within a few years. Exposure is affected by a myriad of factors including: type and amount of oil, extent of weathering, persistence of exposure, application of dispersants or other clean-up measures, habitat type, temperature and depth, species present and their stage of development or maturity, and processes of recolonisation, particularly recruitment. Almost every oil spill is unique in terms of its impact because of differing levels of exposure and the type of habitats, communities and species assemblages in the receiving environment. Between 1970 and February 2017, there were 51 significant oil spills in Australia. Five occurred offshore with negligible likely or expected impacts. Of the others, only 24 of the spills were studied in detail, while 19 had only cursory or no assessment despite the potential for oil spills to impact the marine environment. The majority were limited to temperate waters, although 10 of the 14 spills since 2000 were in tropical coastal or offshore areas, seven were in north Queensland in areas close to the Great Barrier Reef. All four spills that have occurred from offshore petroleum industry infrastructure have occurred since 2009. In Australia, as elsewhere, a prespill need exists to assess the risk of a spill, establish environmental baselines, determine the likely exposure of the receiving environment, and test the toxicity of the oil against key animal and plant species in the area of potential impact. Subsequent to any spill, the baseline provides a reference for targeted impact monitoring.
    Keywords: oil spills, marine life, marine invertebrates, algae, seagrass, ocean toxicity, marine habitats, Australian marine life, oil spill Australia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSP Hydrobiology::PSPM Marine biology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBK Hydrology and the hydrosphere::RBKC Oceanography (seas and oceans) ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNC Wildlife: general interest::WNCS Wildlife: aquatic creatures: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Handbook of Marine Model Organisms in Experimental Biology (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: "The importance of molecular approaches for comparative biology and the rapid development of new molecular tools is unprecedented. The extraordinary molecular progress belies the need for understanding the development and basic biology of whole organisms. Vigorous international efforts to train the next-generation of experimental biologists must combine both levels – next generation molecular approaches and traditional organismal biology. This book provides cutting-edge chapters regarding the growing list of marine model organisms. Access to and practical advice on these model organisms have become aconditio sine qua non for a modern education of advanced undergraduate students, graduate students and postdocs working on marine model systems. Model organisms are not only tools they are also bridges between fields – from behavior, development and physiology to functional genomics. Key Features Offers deep insights into cutting-edge model system science Provides in-depth overviews of all prominent marine model organisms Illustrates challenging experimental approaches to model system research Serves as a reference book also for next-generation functional genomics applications Fills an urgent need for students Related Titles Jarret, R. L. & K. McCluskey, eds. The Biological Resources of Model Organisms (ISBN 978-1-1382-9461-5) Kim, S.-K. Healthcare Using Marine Organisms (ISBN 978-1-1382-9538-4) Mudher, A. & T. Newman, eds. Drosophila: A Toolbox for the Study of Neurodegenerative Disease (ISBN 978-0-4154-1185-1) Green, S. L. The Laboratory Xenopus sp. (ISBN 978-1-4200-9109-0)"
    Keywords: Developmental biology;Biodiversity;Marine biology;Evolution;Genetics (non-medical);Neurosciences;Zoology: invertebrates;Zoology: fishes (ichthyology);Molecular biology;Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSC Developmental biology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology::RNCB Biodiversity ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSP Hydrobiology::PSPM Marine biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences::PSVA Zoology: invertebrates ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences::PSVC Zoology: fishes (ichthyology) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology
    Language: English
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    The World in Eleven Dimensions (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: A unified theory embracing all physical phenomena is a major goal of theoretical physics. In the early 1980s, many physicists looked to eleven-dimensional supergravity in the hope that it might provide that elusive superunified theory. In 1984 supergravity was knocked off its pedestal by ten-dimensional superstrings, one-dimensional objects whose v
    Keywords: Nuclear physics ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Window Functions and Their Applications in Signal Processing (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Window functions—otherwise known as weighting functions, tapering functions, or apodization functions—are mathematical functions that are zero-valued outside the chosen interval. They are well established as a vital part of digital signal processing. Window Functions and their Applications in Signal Processing presents an exhaustive and detailed account of window functions and their applications in signal processing, focusing on the areas of digital spectral analysis, design of FIR filters, pulse compression radar, and speech signal processing. Comprehensively reviewing previous research and recent developments, this book: Provides suggestions on how to choose a window function for particular applications Discusses Fourier analysis techniques and pitfalls in the computation of the DFT Introduces window functions in the continuous-time and discrete-time domains Considers two implementation strategies of window functions in the time- and frequency domain Explores well-known applications of window functions in the fields of radar, sonar, biomedical signal analysis, audio processing, and synthetic aperture radar
    Keywords: Computer Engineering ; Digital and Wireless Communication ; Digital Signal Processing ; ENG ; ElectricalEngineering ; SCI-TECH ; COMPUTERSCIENCE ; INFORMATIONSCIENCE ; STM ; digital filtering ; digital signal processing ; radar ; Short Time Fourier Transform ; spectral analysis ; speech processing ; window functions ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJK Communications engineering / telecommunications::TJKT Telephone technology::TJKT1 Mobile phone technology
    Language: English
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    Biologically Inspired Robotics (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Robotic engineering inspired by biology—biomimetics—has many potential applications: robot snakes can be used for rescue operations in disasters, snake-like endoscopes can be used in medical diagnosis, and artificial muscles can replace damaged muscles to recover the motor functions of human limbs. Conversely, the application of robotics technology to our understanding of biological systems and behaviors—biorobotic modeling and analysis—provides unique research opportunities: robotic manipulation technology with optical tweezers can be used to study the cell mechanics of human red blood cells, a surface electromyography sensing system can help us identify the relation between muscle forces and hand movements, and mathematical models of brain circuitry may help us understand how the cerebellum achieves movement control. Biologically Inspired Robotics contains cutting-edge material—considerably expanded and with additional analysis—from the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO). These 16 chapters cover both biomimetics and biorobotic modeling/analysis, taking readers through an exploration of biologically inspired robot design and control, micro/nano bio-robotic systems, biological measurement and actuation, and applications of robotics technology to biological problems. Contributors examine a wide range of topics, including: A method for controlling the motion of a robotic snake The design of a bionic fitness cycle inspired by the jaguar The use of autonomous robotic fish to detect pollution A noninvasive brain-activity scanning method using a hybrid sensor A rehabilitation system for recovering motor function in human hands after injury Human-like robotic eye and head movements in human–machine interactions A state-of-the-art resource for graduate students and researchers.
    Keywords: Systems and Controls ; ENG ; ElectricalEngineering ; MechanicalEngineering ; BIOSCIENCE ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBD Technical design
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    Heavy Flavour Physics Theory and Experimental Results in Heavy Quark Physics (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book provides a thorough introduction to the phenomenology of heavy flavour physics, those working on the B-factories, LHCb, BTeV, HERA and the Tevatron. It explains how heavy quark theory could be implemented on the lattice, and discusses the status of CP-violation in the neutral kaon system.
    Keywords: Nuclear physics ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Handbook of Optical and Laser Scanning (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: From its initial publication titled Laser Beam Scanning in 1985 to Handbook of Optical and Laser Scanning, now in its second edition, this reference has kept professionals and students at the forefront of optical scanning technology. Carefully and meticulously updated in each iteration, the book continues to be the most comprehensive scanning resource on the market. It examines the breadth and depth of subtopics in the field from a variety of perspectives. The Second Edition covers: Technologies such as piezoelectric devices Applications of laser scanning such as Ladar (laser radar) Underwater scanning and laser scanning in CTP As laser costs come down, and power and availability increase, the potential applications for laser scanning continue to increase. Bringing together the knowledge and experience of 26 authors from England, Japan and the United States, the book provides an excellent resource for understanding the principles of laser scanning. It illustrates the significance of scanning in society today and would help the user get started in developing system concepts using scanning. It can be used as an introduction to the field and as a reference for persons involved in any aspect of optical and laser beam scanning.
    Keywords: 2e ; Handbook ; Laser ; Optical ; Scanning ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTB Applied optics::TTBL Laser technology and holography ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering
    Language: English
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    Future of Sustainable Agriculture in Saline Environments (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Food production on present and future saline soils deserves the world’s attention particularly because food security is a pressing issue, millions of hectares of degraded soils are available worldwide, freshwater is becoming increasingly scarce, and the global sea-level rise threatens food production in fertile coastal lowlands. Future of Sustainable Agriculture in Saline Environments aims to showcase the global potential of saline agriculture. The book covers the essential topics, such as policy and awareness, soil management, future crops, and genetic developments, all supplemented by case studies that show how this knowledge has been applied. It offers an overview of current research themes and practical cases focused on enhancing food production on saline lands. FEATURES Describes the critical role of the revitalization of salt-degraded lands in achieving sustainability in agriculture on a global scale Discusses practical solutions toward using drylands and delta areas threatened by salinity for sustainable food production Presents strategies for adaptation to climate change and sea-level rise through food production under saline conditions Addresses the diverse aspects of crop salt tolerance and microbiological associations Highlights the complex problem of salinity and waterlogging and safer management of poor-quality water, supplemented by case studies A PDF version of this book is available for free in Open Access at www.taylorfrancis.com. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
    Keywords: Environmental chemistry ; Sustainable agriculture ; Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVF Sustainable agriculture ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Eignung von domänenspezifischen Studieneingangsvariablen als Prädiktoren für Studienerfolg im Fach und Lehramt Physik (Volume 307) (2021)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Niedrige Studienerfolgsquoten in den Studiengängen Physik und Lehramt Physik sind sowohl aus bildungspolitischer und institutioneller Sicht als auch aus individueller Perspektive erfolglos Studierender eine Herausforderung. Bisher gibt es nur wenige empirische Studien, die Gründe für niedrige Studienerfolgsquoten bestimmen. Von dieser Situation ausgehend, zielte diese Arbeit auf die Erfassung domänenspezifischer Eingangsvoraussetzungen von Studienanfängerinnen und -anfängern, um daraus mögliche Prädiktoren für einen Studienerfolg zu bestimmen. Den Kern der Arbeit bildet die Konzeption und Evaluation eines Testinstruments zu Studieneingangsvoraussetzungen. Das Instrument umfasst einen Vorwissenstest in Mathematik und Physik sowie einen Test zu domänenspezifischen Verhaltensweisen und Einstellungen. Das selbstentwickelte Instrument wurde bei N = 116 Studierenden eingesetzt, um die Prognosekraft der gemessenen Konstrukte auf einen möglichen Studienerfolg zu schätzen. Dabei zeigte sich der Physikteil des Vorwissenstests in Verbindung mit der Hochschulzugangsberechtigungsnote als signifikanter Prädiktor für den Studienerfolg gemessen am Studienverbleib nach drei Semestern. Dieses Ergebnis stellt im Wesentlichen eine Replikation bereits bekannter Erkenntnisse dar. Es konnten erste Hinweise gefunden werden, dass sich lernzielorientierte Einstellungen positiv auf den Studienerfolg auswirken können.
    Keywords: Social Science ; Statistics ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research and statistics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Advanced Location-Based Technologies and Services (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Due to the rapid increase in the number of mobile device users worldwide, location-based services (LBSs) have become pervasive, and the demand for them will continue to grow. Exploring recent changes in the technology and its uses, Advanced Location-Based Technologies and Services takes an in-depth look at new and existing technologies, techniques,
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Environmental science ; engineering & technology ; Geographical information systems & remote sensing ; Communications engineering / telecommunications ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGW Geographical information systems, geodata and remote sensing ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJK Communications engineering / telecommunications
    Language: English
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    Handbook of Optical and Laser Scanning (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: From its initial publication titled Laser Beam Scanning in 1985 to Handbook of Optical and Laser Scanning, now in its second edition, this reference has kept professionals and students at the forefront of optical scanning technology. Carefully and meticulously updated in each iteration, the book continues to be the most comprehensive scanning resource on the market. It examines the breadth and depth of subtopics in the field from a variety of perspectives. The Second Edition covers: Technologies such as piezoelectric devices Applications of laser scanning such as Ladar (laser radar) Underwater scanning and laser scanning in CTP As laser costs come down, and power and availability increase, the potential applications for laser scanning continue to increase. Bringing together the knowledge and experience of 26 authors from England, Japan and the United States, the book provides an excellent resource for understanding the principles of laser scanning. It illustrates the significance of scanning in society today and would help the user get started in developing system concepts using scanning. It can be used as an introduction to the field and as a reference for persons involved in any aspect of optical and laser beam scanning.
    Keywords: Instrumentation, Measurement and Testing ; Optics and optoelectronics ; ENG ; ElectricalEngineering ; PHYSICS ; SCI-TECH ; STM ; Andreas Blume ; Bearings for Rotary Scanners ; Carl E. Conti ; Chris Gerrard ; CTP Scanning Systems ; Daniel D. Stancil ; David C. Brown ; Donald R. Lehmbeck ; Emery Erdelyi ; Frank Caimi ; Fraser Dalgleish ; Gerald A. Rynkowski ; Glenn E. Stutz ; Gregory Mueller ; James Litynski ; Jean Montagu ; John C. Urbach ; LeRoy D. Dickson ; Mark T. Montgomery ; Michael W. Sasnett ; Milton Gottlieb ; Optical Systems for Laser Scanners ; Polygonal Scanners: Components, Performance, and Design ; Pre-objective Polygonal Scanning ; Reeder N. Ward ; Stephen F. Sagan ; Tetsuo Saimi ; Thomas F. Johnston ; Timothy A. Good ; Timothy K. Deis ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTB Applied optics::TTBL Laser technology and holography ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering
    Language: English
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    Advances in Carbon Management Technologies (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Advances in carbon Management Technologies comprises 43 chapters, in 2 volumes, contributed by experts from all over the world. Volume 1 of the book, containing 22 chapters, discusses the status of technologies capable of yielding substantial reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from major combustion sources. Such technologies include renewable energy sources that can replace fossil fuels, and technologies to capture CO2 after fossil fuel combustion or directly from the atmosphere, with subsequent permanent long-term storage. The introductory chapter emphasizes the gravity of the issues related to greenhouse gas emission-global temperature correlation, the state of the art of key technologies and the necessary emission reductions needed to meet international warming targets. Section 1 deals with global challenges associated with key fossil fuel mitigation technologies, including removing CO2 from the atmosphere, and emission measurements. Section 2 presents technological choices for coal, petroleum, and natural gas for the purpose of reducing carbon footprints associated with the utilization of such fuels. Section 3 deals with promising contributions of alternatives to fossil fuels, such as hydropower, nuclear, solar photovoltaics, and wind.
    Keywords: carbon ; energy ; renewable ; technologies ; TQ ; PS ; THX ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    An Introduction to Particle Physics and the Standard Model (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: An Introduction to the Standard Model of Particle Physics familiarizes readers with what is considered tested and accepted and in so doing, gives them a grounding in particle physics in general. Whenever possible, Dr. Mann takes an historical approach showing how the model is linked to the physics that most of us have learned in less challenging ar
    Keywords: Nuclear physics ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Soil Erosion and Carbon Dynamics (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The most complete, nonpartisan source of information on this hot agronomic topic available today, this book brings together a diverse group of papers and data to resolve the debate between sedimentologists and soil scientists and agronomists over whether the effects of soil erosion on carbon and atmospheric CO2 is beneficial or destructive. Divided into four sections, it offers data on how soil erosion affects soil, water, and air quality. Topics include mineralization rate, inundation, sediment deposition, and global warming potential, as well as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions, and the implications of soil erosion on the global carbon cycle and carbon budget.
    Keywords: Soil Science ; Soil Mechanics ; AGRICULTURE ; ENERGYANDCLEANTECH ; SCI-TECH ; STM ; content ; enrichment ; loss ; losses ; matter ; organic ; plots ; ratio ; runoff ; stocks ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Water for Energy and Fuel Production (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Water, in all its forms, may be the key to an environmentally friendly energy economy. Water is free, there is plenty of it, plus it carries what is generally believed to be the best long-term source of green energy—hydrogen. Water for Energy and Fuel Production explores the many roles of water in the energy and fuel industry. The text not only discusses water’s use as a direct source of energy and fuel—such as hydrogen from water dissociation, methane from water-based clathrate molecules, hydroelectric dams, and hydrokinetic energy from tidal waves, off-shore undercurrents, and inland waterways—but also: Describes water’s benign application in the production of oil, gas, coal, uranium, biomass, and other raw fuels, and as an energy carrier in the form of hot water and steam Examines water’s role as a reactant, reaction medium, and catalyst—as well as steam’s role as a reactant—for the conversion of raw fuels to synthetic fuels Explains how supercritical water can be used to convert fossil- and bio-based feedstock to synthetic fuels in the presence and absence of a catalyst Employing illustrative case studies and commercial examples, Water for Energy and Fuel Production demonstrates the versatility of water as a provider of energy and fuel, conveying the message that as energy demand and environmental concerns grow, so should our vigilance in pursuing the role of water in the energy landscape.
    Keywords: Energy ; Fuel ; Production ; Water ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDY Energy ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TD Industrial chemistry & manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TG Mechanical engineering & materials::TGM Materials science ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TH Energy technology & engineering::THF Fossil fuel technologies ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDY Energy ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THF Fossil fuel technologies
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    Alternative Fuels for Transportation (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Exploring how to counteract the world's energy insecurity and environmental pollution, this volume covers the production methods, properties, storage, engine tests, system modification, transportation and distribution, economics, safety aspects, applications, and material compatibility of alternative fuels. The esteemed editor highlights the importance of moving toward alternative fuels and the problems and environmental impact of depending on petroleum products. Each self-contained chapter focuses on a particular fuel source, including vegetable oils, biodiesel, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, hydrogen, electric, fuel cells, and fuel from nonfood crops.
    Keywords: Power and Energy ; Automotive Technology and Engineering ; ENG ; MechanicalEngineering ; ENERGYANDCLEANTECH ; SCI-TECH ; STM ; Alternative Energy Sources ; Alternative Fuels ; Biodiesel ; Ethanol ; Fuel Technology ; Internal Combustion Engines ; Methanol ; Nonconventional Fuels ; Renewable Energy ; Sustainable Development ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDY Energy ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHH Thermodynamics & heat ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TN Civil engineering, surveying & building ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TG Mechanical engineering & materials::TGB Mechanical engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TH Energy technology & engineering::THX Alternative & renewable energy sources & technology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDY Energy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHH Thermodynamics and heat ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGB Mechanical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THV Alternative and renewable energy sources and technology
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    Phenotypic Plasticity & Evolution (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Phenotypic plasticity – the ability of an individual organism to alter its features in direct response to a change in its environment – is ubiquitous. Understanding how and why this phenomenon exists is crucial because it unites all levels of biological inquiry. This book brings together researchers who approach plasticity from diverse perspectives to explore new ideas and recent findings about the causes and consequences of plasticity. Contributors also discuss such controversial topics as how plasticity shapes ecological and evolutionary processes; whether specific plastic responses can be passed to offspring; and whether plasticity has left an important imprint on the history of life. Importantly, each chapter highlights key questions for future research. Drawing on numerous studies of plasticity in natural populations of plants and animals, this book aims to foster greater appreciation for this important, but frequently misunderstood phenomenon. Key Features Written in an accessible style with numerous illustrations, including many in color Reviews the history of the study of plasticity, including Darwin’s views Most chapters conclude with recommendations for future research
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Developmental Mechanisms ; Epigenetics ; Origins of Novelty ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
    Language: English
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    Phytotechnology with Biomass Production (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.1201/9781003082613, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. This book explains the concept of using phytotechnology with biomass production to improve soil quality and restore contaminated sites to a useful state that has economic and social value. Phytotechnology with Biomass Production: Sustainable Management of Contaminated Sites focuses on the application of second-generation biofuel crops, primarily Miscanthus, to slightly contaminated or marginal postmilitary and postmining soils. Based on recent and ongoing research from the United States, Ukraine, the Czech Republic, and Germany, along with case studies from other countries, this is the first comprehensive book on using phytotechnology with biomass production at contaminated sites at a global level. FEATURES Focuses on an important topic of a growing global activity: soil improvement through biomass production Includes case studies and success stories from different countries on application of Miscanthus phytotechnology to sites differently contaminated by trace elements, pesticides, and petroleum products Discusses the peculiarities of Miscanthus production on postmilitary and postmining contaminated lands and the impact of plant growth regulators, soil amendments, fertilizers, and biochar to the process Introduces soil fauna as indicators of soil health during Miscanthus phytotechnology application Presents Miscanthus value chain associated with the processing of Miscanthus biomass to different bioproducts While written primarily for faculty, students, research scientists, environmental and agricultural professionals, gardeners, farmers, landowners, and government officials, this book has value for all who are working on phytotechnology projects and phytomining to reduce risk and/or improve soil quality at contaminated sites. Phytotechnology with Biomass Production: Sustainable Management of Contaminated Sites is also a great new resource for those who are new to the topic and want to learn to apply phytotechnologies and biomass production with further conversion into energy and bioproducts.
    Keywords: miscanthus biomass ; phytotechnology ; soil carbon restoration ; soil ecology ; soil quality ; sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQK Pollution control
    Language: English
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    Charged Particle Optics Theory (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Charged Particle Optics Theory: An Introduction identifies the most important concepts of charged particle optics theory, and derives each mathematically from the first principles of physics. Assuming an advanced undergraduate-level understanding of calculus, this book follows a logical progression, with each concept building upon the preceding one. Beginning with a non-mathematical survey of the optical nature of a charged particle beam, the text: Discusses both geometrical and wave optics, as well as the correspondence between them Describes the two-body scattering problem, which is essential to the interaction of a fast charged particle with matter Introduces electron emission as a practical consequence of quantum mechanics Addresses the Fourier transform and the linear second-order differential equation Includes problems to amplify and fill in the theoretical details, with solutions presented separately Charged Particle Optics Theory: An Introduction makes an ideal textbook as well as a convenient reference on the theoretical origins of the optics of charged particle beams. It is intended to prepare the reader to understand the large body of published research in this mature field, with the end result translated immediately to practical application.
    Keywords: Charged ; Introduction ; Optics ; Particle ; Theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TH Energy technology & engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TT Other technologies & applied sciences::TTB Applied optics::TTBL Laser technology & holography ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTB Applied optics::TTBL Laser technology and holography
    Language: English
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    Modellierung des Fachwissens von Lehrkräften in der Teilchenphysik (Volume 315) (2021)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Die Teilchenphysik als Teilgebiet der modernen Physik gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung im schulischen Physikunterricht. In dieser Arbeit wird erstmalig das von Lehrkräften benötigte Fachwissen zur Teilchenphysik modelliert, wobei Fachwissen als ein Teil des Professionswissens verstanden wird. Als Fachwissensdimensionen werden die Inhaltsbereiche und die Wissensarten in den Fokus genommen, für welche jeweils Subfacetten identifiziert und präzise beschrieben werden. Nach einem überblick über die wesentlichen Ideen der Teilchenphysik wird in der Arbeit die sukzessive Modellierung des Fachwissens im Rahmen einer qualitativ und quantitativ angelegten Delphi-Studie vorgestellt. In drei Befragungsrunden wurden zwischen 35 und 65 internationale Expertinnen und Experten aus der teilchenphysikbezogenen Forschung (Fachwissenschaft und Fachdidaktik) und öffentlichkeitsarbeit (u.a. Wissenschaftsjournalismus) sowie erfahrene Lehrkräfte zu den für das Fachwissen relevanten Themen der Teilchenphysik befragt. Empirische Analysen der Befragungsrunden ergaben, dass sich die Dimension Inhaltsbereiche im deklarativen Wissen aus zehn teilchenphysikalischen Themen (z.B. Teilchen in der Hochenergiephysik, die vier fundamentalen Wechselwirkungen) zusammensetzt, von welchen sechs als besonders relevant eingeschätzt wurden. Im Anschluss an die letzte Befragungsrunde wurde theoriegeleitet eine erste Modellierung der Inhaltsbereiche für die Wissensarten des prozeduralen und konditionalen Wissens vorgenommen.
    Keywords: Science ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Chapter 19 Concentrated solar energy driven multi-generation systems based on the organic Rankine cycle technology (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Advances in Carbon Management Technologies | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The use of renewable energy sources for multi-generation plants (plants with multiple products, e.g., heat, power, cooling, fresh water) is beneficial to mitigating climate change and to achieving sustainable development. Concentrated solar power plants take advantage of producing heat that can be used for power generation, thermal energy driven refrigeration, desalination, and other heating purposes. Moreover, concentrated solar power plants combined with thermal energy storage provide a cost-effective solution for long-term storage and solve the mismatch problem between supply and demand. For small to medium-scale applications (a few kWe to a few MWe), organic Rankine cycle power systems have been demonstrated to be efficient solutions for multi-generation plants. In this chapter, different concentrated solar power technologies for small to medium-scale applications are reviewed, and multi-generation systems based on the organic Rankine cycle technology are presented. Furthermore, the technical and economic viabilities of using concentrated solar energy powered organic Rankine cycle plants for multi-generation are discussed. Issues related to the system design and integration with different systems (e.g., vapor absorption system for cooling, multi-effect desalination for fresh water generation, etc.) are also addressed.
    Keywords: carbon ; energy ; nuclear ; renewable ; technologies ; solar power ; wind power ; clean coal ; TQ ; PS ; THX ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Implementierung fachdidaktischer Innovationen durch das Angebot materialgestützter Unterrichtskonzeptionen (Volume 314) (2021)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Ein zentrales Ziel der fachdidaktischen Forschung stellt die Verbesserung schulischen Unterrichts dar. Eine Transferstrategie zur flächendeckenden Verbreitung wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse bildet die Bereitstellung evidenzbasierter, innovativer materialgestützter Unterrichtskonzeptionen. Allerdings fällt das Materialnutzungsverhalten von Lehrkräften individuell sehr unterschiedlich aus, wobei das Zusammenspiel verschiedener Einflussfaktoren auf die Materialnutzung bislang wenig erforscht ist. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es daher, dieses Wirkgefüge unter authentischen Bedingungen genauer zu untersuchen. Dazu wurde kriteriengeleitet eine evidenzbasierte, fachdidaktisch innovative Unterrichtskonzeption ausgewählt (das Münchener Unterrichtskonzept zur Quantenmechanik) und den teilnehmenden Lehrkräften fakultativ zur Verfügung gestellt. Mittels eines qualitativen Forschungsansatzes wurden elf Lehrkräfte bei der Implementierung des Konzepts durch ein Interview zu Beginn und am Ende einer Unterrichtsreihe zur Quantenmechanik sowie zwei Unterrichtsbeobachtungen mit je einem anschließenden stimulated recall begleitet. Aus den Ergebnissen folgt, dass die Probanden sich überwiegend heuristisch mit der Konzeption auseinandersetzten und lediglich Elemente auf Sichtstrukturebene implementierten. Das nachgewiesene Wirksamkeitspotential von evidenzbasierten, innovativen Unterrichtskonzeptionen scheint sich folglich lediglich unter bestimmten Bedingungsfaktoren zu entfalten.
    Keywords: Science ; Education ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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    Cosmology in Gauge Field Theory and String Theory (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Cosmology in Gauge Field Theory and String Theory focuses on the cosmological implications of the gauge theories of particle physics and of string theory. The book first examines the universe's series of phase transitions in which the successive gauge symmetries of the higher-temperature phase were spontaneously broken after the big bang, discussing relics of these phase transitions, more generic relics (baryons, neutrinos, axions), and supersymmetric particles (neutralinos and gravitinos). The author next studies supersymmetric theory, supergravity theory, and the constraints on the underlying field theory of the universe's inflationary era. The book concludes with a discussion of black hole solutions of the supergravity theory that approximates string theory at low energies and the insight that string theory affords into the microscopic origin of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. Cosmology in Gauge Field Theory and String Theory provides a modern introduction to these important problems from a particle physicist's perspective. It is intended as an introductory textbook for a first course on the subject at a graduate level.
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Security in Distributed, Grid, Mobile, and Pervasive Computing (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Despite recent dramatic advances in computer security regarding the proliferation of services and applications, security threats are still major impediments in the deployment of these services. Paying serious attention to these issues, Security in Distributed, Grid, Mobile, and Pervasive Computing focuses on the increasing demand to guarantee privacy, integrity, and availability of resources in networks and distributed systems. A rich and useful presentation of strategies for security issues, the book covers each computing area in separate sections. It first reviews security issues and challenges in content distribution networks, describes key agreement protocols based on the Diffie-Hellman key exchange and key management protocols for complex distributed systems like the Internet, and discusses securing design patterns for distributed systems. The next section focuses on security in mobile computing and wireless networks, covering wireless authentication methods, secure data aggregation, and anonymous routing protocol. After a section on grid computing security, the book presents an overview of security solutions for pervasive healthcare systems and surveys wireless sensor network security. With more and more vital information stored on computers, security professionals need to know how to combat threats and complications. Offering strategies to tackle these issues, this book provides essential security information for researchers, practitioners, educators, and graduate students in the field.
    Keywords: Computing ; Distributed ; Grid ; Mobile ; Pervasive ; Security ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UR Computer security ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJK Communications engineering / telecommunications
    Language: English
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    What, if anything, are species? (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This book is an extended argument for abandoning the species rank. Instead, the author proposes that the rank of "species" be replaced by a pluralistic and multi-level view. In such a view, all clades including the smallest identifiable one would be named and studied within a phylogenetic context. What are currently called "species" represent different sorts of things depending on the sort of organisms and processes being considered. This is already the case, but is not formally recognized by those scientists using the species rank in their work. Adopting a rankless taxonomy at all levels would enhance academic studies of evolution and ecology and yield practical benefits in areas of public concern such as conservation. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. KEY FEATURES • Proposes the replacement of restrictive species concepts with a pluralistic view • Suggests abandoning the formal taxonomic rank of "species" • Considers zoological, botanical, and microbiological aspects of the species level • Deals with practical issues such as conservation, inventories, and field guides
    Keywords: Wildlife: general interest ; Botany and plant sciences ; Evolution ; Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNC Wildlife: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    Chapter 3 Antarctic Marine Biodiversity (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Oceanography and Marine Biology | Oceanography and Marine Biology | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Animals living in the Southern Ocean have evolved in a singular environment. It shares many of its attributes with the high Arctic, namely low, stable temperatures, the pervading effect of ice in its many forms and extreme seasonality of light and phytobiont productivity. Antarctica is, however, the most isolated continent on Earth and is the only one that lacks a continental shelf connection with another continent. This isolation, along with the many millions of years that these conditions have existed, has produced a fauna that is both diverse, with around 17,000 marine invertebrate species living there, and has the highest proportions of endemic species of any continent. The reasons for this are discussed. The isolation, history and unusual environmental conditions have resulted in the fauna producing a range and scale of adaptations to low temperature and seasonality that are unique. The best known such adaptations include channichthyid icefish that lack haemoglobin and transport oxygen around their bodies only in solution, or the absence, in some species, of what was only 20 years ago termed the universal heat shock response.
    Keywords: oceanography ; marine biology ; environment ; climate change ; climate change impacts ; Southern Ocean ; high Arctic ; ice ; seasonality ; phytobiont productivity ; Antarctica ; Antarctic fauna ; marine invertebrate species ; endemic species ; low temperature adaptations ; seasonality adaptions ; channichthyid icefish ; universal heat shock response ; gametogenic cycles ; vitellogenesis ; microtubule assembly ; locomotion ; metabolic rate ; whole-animal growth ; embryonic development ; limb regeneration ; echinoderms ; Southern Ocean fauna ; ecophysiological adaptations ; coldblooded marine species ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSP Hydrobiology::PSPM Marine biology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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