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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Mg alloy is the lightest metallic structural material and possesses the advantages of high specific strength, high specific stiffness, good electromagnetism shield, good damping capacity, good machinability, and easy recycling, etc. Therefore, it has extremely broad application prospects and has drawn considerable interest in the fields of automobile, electronics, electrical appliances, transportation, aerospace, and aviation. In addition, Mg alloys are gradually showing application potential in emerging industries, serving as biodegradable metals in the biomedical field, functional material for hydrogen storage, and so on. This Special Issue (SI), entitled “Research Progress in High-Performance Magnesium Alloy and Its Applications”, presents recent developments and excellent results in the field of Mg alloys, and includes 10 articles and one editorial covering some interesting aspects of the topic.
    Keywords: grain refinement ; high strength and toughness ; {10–12} twin ; Mg-Gd-Y alloy ; multidirectional impact forging ; Mg-Zn-Mn-Ca ; Ca2Mg6Zn3 phase ; corrosion behaviors ; SKPFM ; boride ; MgB2 ; mechanical alloying ; ignition ; combustion ; flame temperature ; magnesium alloy ; biocompatibility ; surface coating modification ; corrosion resistance ; implantable bio-metal materials ; filler material ; welding ; scandium ; microstructure modification ; mechanical properties ; microstructure ; texture ; stretch formability ; high temperature cross-rolling ; annealing ; wire arc additive manufacturing ; cold metal transfer ; Al-Mg alloys ; orthogonal experiment ; Mg-Bi-Ca alloy ; hot deformation ; constitutive model ; dynamic recrystallization kinetics ; Mg alloy ; twinning ; random orientation ; compression ; room temperature ; backward extrusion ; tensile strength ; failure mechanism ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) is one of the most important techniques for determining the quality and safety of materials, components, devices, and structures. NDT&E technologies include ultrasonic testing (UT), magnetic particle testing (MT), magnetic flux leakage testing (MFLT), eddy current testing (ECT), radiation testing (RT), penetrant testing (PT), and visual testing (VT), and these are widely used throughout the modern industry. However, some NDT processes, such as those for cleaning specimens and removing paint, cause environmental pollution and must only be considered in limited environments (time, space, and sensor selection). Thus, NDT&E is classified as a typical 3D (dirty, dangerous, and difficult) job. In addition, NDT operators judge the presence of damage based on experience and subjective judgment, so in some cases, a flaw may not be detected during the test. Therefore, to obtain clearer test results, a means for the operator to determine flaws more easily should be provided. In addition, the test results should be organized systemically in order to identify the cause of the abnormality in the test specimen and to identify the progress of the damage quantitatively.
    Keywords: composites ; multi-scale ; embedded damage ; non-destructive testing ; photoacoustic ; ultrasonic representation ; terahertz ; coded-aperture imaging ; convolution neural network (CNN) ; fast image reconstruction ; nondestructive evaluation ; acoustic nonlinearity parameter ; indirect method ; laser ultrasound ; fully non-contact ; surface acoustic wave ; UWB-PPM ; UWB-OOK ; buried objects ; nondestructive environment ; Levenberg–Marquardt method ; textured surface anomaly detection ; computer vision ; deep learning ; attention mechanism ; adaptive fusion ; power quality disturbances ; long short term memory ; convolutional neural network ; short time Fourier transform ; leaky Lamb wave ; semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) ; waveguide sensor ; finite-width plate ; waveguide plate ; width modes ; spatial beating ; Rayleigh–Sommerfeld integral (RSI) ; weld cracks ; eddy current nondestructive testing ; gradiently relative magnetic permeability ; heat affected zone ; austenitic stainless steel ; circulating fluidized bed combustion boiler ; water-cooled wall tube ; magnetic sensor array ; magnetic flux density ; flexible ultrasonic probe ; neutron irradiation embrittlement ; reactor pressure vessel ; magnetic nondestructive evaluation ; micromagnetic multiparameter microstructure and stress analysis 3MA ; magnetic adaptive testing ; 3D imaging of metal grains ; non-destructive testing methods ; stacking images ; SA106 carbon steel ; terahertz waves ; refractive index ; thickness measurement ; Shim stock films ; composite materials ; reflection mode ; neutron radiography ; Bragg-edge imaging ; gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) ; low transformation temperature (LTT) steel ; austenite-to-martensite transformation ; Debye–Waller factor ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: This reprint focuses on both advanced metals and their alloys and the areas of physical and process metallurgy, materials science, and processing techniques. Specific areas of interest also include titanium/nickel-based superalloys, intermetallics, advanced metallic materials, nanomaterials, metal matrix composites, functional materials, related synthesis and processing techniques, finite element modelling, statistical analysis, physical/mechanical property characterization, experimental validation, and other relevant phenomena. Physical metallurgy is important in the design and optimization of advanced materials with superior physical and mechanical properties through microstructural modifications and processing techniques. The goal of reprint was to bring together recent progress, novel technologies, and advanced equipment for the design and development of advanced metals and alloys and provide guidelines/benchmarks for further research in related areas. Composites, intermetallics, and nanomaterials as well as functional materials will be also included. Some of the recent advances in the field of advanced metals and alloys include novel material processing techniques, manufacturing methods and theories, microstructural characterization, modelling development, and advanced equipment. Conventional and nonconventional processes related to machining, forming, laser processing, additive/subtractive manufacturing, surface modification, and the solidification of high-performance alloys/metals are also included.
    Keywords: Fe-rich Al–Si alloy ; β-Al5FeSi phase ; cooling rate ; melt spinning ; microstructure ; strengthening mechanisms ; Zn-Mg-Ti alloy ; biodegradable metals ; mechanical properties ; cytotoxicity ; Fe-B-W alloy ; manganese ; aluminum ; molten zinc ; microanalysis ; corrosion ; hydrogenated–dehydrogenated titanium powder ; laser directed energy deposition ; mechanical property ; radio frequency plasma technique ; high entropy alloy ; bulk metallic glass ; similar element substitution/addition ; glass forming ability ; lattice distortion ; sapphire ; surface metallization ; deposition mechanism ; wettability ; low-temperature joining ; silver alloy bonding wire ; bonding strength ; vulcanization resistance ; cathodic passivation ; Mg–Nd alloy ; precipitate ; eutectic growth ; modelling and simulation ; recrystallization ; microstructure-property characterization simulation and modeling ; heat treatment and surface treatment ; TC4 alloy ; EBCHM ; aging treatment ; glass-forming ability ; corrosion behavior ; amorphous alloy ; phase transformation ; mechanical behavior ; corrosion wear resistance ; gear grinding ; white layer ; grinding temperature ; surface integrity ; AlSi10Mg alloy ; friction stir processing ; grain boundary ; texture ; dynamic recrystallization ; silver wire ; wire bonding ; chloride ions ; ion migration ; galvanic corrosion ; Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloys ; grain size ; solution treatment ; microalloying ; microstructural evolution ; laser-powder bed fusion ; MgAl2O4 ; TiB2 ; metallothermic reduction ; SHS powder metallurgy ; combustion wave propagation ; HSLA steel ; microstructural characterization ; laser welding ; thick plate ; corrosion resistance ; high entropy alloys ; lightweight ; magnesium alloys ; ultrasound treatment ; solution ; aging ; Mg17Al12 ; converter ; vortex ; flow field analysis ; numerical simulation ; steel ball ; skew rolling ; cold forming ; stainless steel ; copper–scandium CuSc ; copper alloy ; differential scanning calorimetry DSC ; precipitation kinetics ; cold-working ; cold-rolling ; activation energy ; Kissinger method ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This Special Issue includes contributions about occupants’ sustainable living in buildings and communities, highlighting issues surrounding the sustainable development of our environments and lives by emphasizing smart and green design perspectives. This Special Issue specifically focuses on research and case studies that develop promising methods for the sustainable development of our environment and identify factors critical to the application of a sustainable paradigm for quality of life from a user-oriented perspective. After a rigorous review of the submissions by experts, fourteen articles concerning sustainable living and development are published in this Special Issue, written by authors sharing their expertise and approaches to the concept and application of sustainability in their fields. The fourteen contributions to this special issue can be categorized into four groups, depending on the issues that they address. All the proposed methods, models, and applications in these studies contribute to the current understanding of the adoption of the sustainability paradigm and are likely to inspire further research addressing the challenges of constructing sustainable buildings and communities resulting in a sustainable life for all of society.
    Keywords: sustainability ; regionalism ; climate ; unit plan ; apartment ; Singapore ; Korea ; sustainable architecture ; space syntax ; partitioning theory ; total depth ; intelligibility ; movement economies ; architecture ; building performance simulation ; performance-based design ; agent-based model ; Gaussian process ; electroencephalography ; virtual reality ; monument architecture ; stress ; data visualization ; deep learning ; smart building ; interactive experience ; “five senses” interaction ; people-oriented ; embedding ; recommender system ; collaborative filtering ; housing preference ; housing decision ; human behavior simulation ; virtual users ; social sustainability ; performance analysis ; evaluation method ; architectural design education ; eye tracking ; virtual environment ; street robbery ; CPTED ; crime prevention ; fixation count ; people with physical disabilities ; job retention ; path analysis ; perceived workplace safety ; workplace disability facilities ; work satisfaction ; social housing ; social economy actors ; Seoul ; South Korea ; sustainable development ; sustainable design ; energy efficiency ; public rental housing ; building simulation ; elderly ; biophilia ; biophilic experience ; smart home ; smart-home service ; service framework ; water distribution ; water war ; conflict ; ownership ; divided Cyprus ; blue-collar workers ; intervention study ; health promotion ; cardiovascular disease ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: The sustainable management of water cycles is crucial in the context of climate change and global warming. It involves managing global, regional, and local water cycles, as well as urban, agricultural, and industrial water cycles, to conserve water resources and their relationships with energy, food, microclimates, biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and anthropogenic activities. Hydrological modeling is indispensable for achieving this goal, as it is essential for water resources management and the mitigation of natural disasters. In recent decades, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in hydrology and water resources management has led to notable advances. In the face of hydro-geo-meteorological uncertainty, AI approaches have proven to be powerful tools for accurately modeling complex, nonlinear hydrological processes and effectively utilizing various digital and imaging data sources, such as ground gauges, remote sensing tools, and in situ Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The thirteen research papers published in this Special Issue make significant contributions to long- and short-term hydrological modeling and water resources management under changing environments using AI techniques coupled with various analytics tools. These contributions, which cover hydrological forecasting, microclimate control, and climate adaptation, can promote hydrology research and direct policy making toward sustainable and integrated water resources management.
    Keywords: ANN ; roadside IoT sensors ; simulations of the gridded rainstorms ; 2D inundation simulation and real-time error correction ; weather types and features ; meteorological feature extraction ; artificial neural network ; self-organizing map (SOM) ; urban agriculture ; resource utilization efficiency ; urban northern Taiwan ; machine learning ; random forest ; regression analysis ; support vector machine ; threshold rainfall ; threshold runoff ; XGBoost ; stochastic rainfall generator ; Huff rainfall curve ; copula ; GeoAI ; artificial intelligence ; hydrological ; hydraulic ; fluvial ; water quality ; geomorphic ; modeling ; anomaly detection ; deep reinforcement learning ; telemetry water level ; time series ; ensemble ; multi-model ensemble ; precipitation ; forecasting ; persian gulf ; deep learning ; dam inflow ; RNN ; LSTM ; GRU ; hyperparameter ; rainfall time series ; artificial neural networks ; Multiple Linear Regression ; Chania ; CNN ; ELM ; temporary rivers ; hydrological extremes ; multivariate stochastic model ; autoregressive model ; Markov model ; daily temperature ; temperature generator ; Bayesian neural network ; forecasting uncertainty ; multi-step ahead forecasting ; probabilistic streamflow forecasting ; variational inference ; smart microclimate-control system (SMCS) ; system dynamics ; water–energy–food nexus ; agricultural resilience ; hydroinformatics ; hydrological modeling ; early warning ; uncertainty ; sustainability
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: This Special Issue covers manufacturing of a smart polymer composites via choice of ingredients, such as polymer, filler, and additives, as well as their unique composition. It also covers the smart processing of polymer composites, which is influenced by the choice of mixers, processing condition, processing technique, etc.
    Keywords: thermoplastic polyurethane ; expanded bead ; supercritical CO2 foaming ; expansion ratio ; resilience ; hardness ; poly(lactic acid) ; lignin ; maleic anhydride ; chemical modification ; 3D printing filament ; SEBS ; membrane ; water uptake ; impedance spectroscopy ; ionic conductivity ; phlogopite ; natural rubber (NR) ; ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber (EPDM) ; mechanical properties ; compatibility ; nylon 6 ; polyketone ; chain extender ; hydrogen bonding ; chain branching ; chain crosslinking ; melt viscosity ; shape memory polymer ; NIR light responsive ; semicrystalline maleated polyolefin elastomer ; polyaniline ; melt blending ; adhesive ; fluorosilicone ; thermal conductivity ; magnesium oxide ; boron nitride ; syntactic foams ; hyperbranched polymer ; polyamide 6 ; hollow glass microsphere ; lubricant ; compatibilizer ; composites ; silica ; silane ; hydrolysis ; interfacial adhesion ; zinc mechanism ; hybrid flame retardant materials ; influence of gypsum ; minimum total heat release ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Third millennium engineering address new challenges in materials sciences and engineering. In particular, the advances in materials engineering combined with the advances in data acquisition, processing and mining as well as artificial intelligence allow for new ways of thinking in designing new materials and products. Additionally, this gives rise to new paradigms in bridging raw material data and processing to the induced properties and performance. This present topical issue is a compilation of contributions on novel ideas and concepts, addressing several key challenges using data and artificial intelligence, such as:- proposing new techniques for data generation and data mining;- proposing new techniques for visualizing, classifying, modeling, extracting knowledge, explaining and certifying data and data-driven models;- processing data to create data-driven models from scratch when other models are absent, too complex or too poor for making valuable predictions;- processing data to enhance existing physic-based models to improve the quality of the prediction capabilities and, at the same time, to enable data to be smarter; and- processing data to create data-driven enrichment of existing models when physics-based models exhibit limits within a hybrid paradigm.
    Keywords: plasticity ; machine learning ; constitutive modeling ; manifold learning ; topological data analysis ; GENERIC ; soft living tissues ; hyperelasticity ; computational modeling ; data-driven mechanics ; TDA ; Code2Vect ; nonlinear regression ; effective properties ; microstructures ; model calibration ; sensitivity analysis ; elasto-visco-plasticity ; Gaussian process ; high-throughput experimentation ; additive manufacturing ; Ti–Mn alloys ; spherical indentation ; statistical analysis ; Gaussian process regression ; nanoporous metals ; open-pore foams ; FE-beam model ; data mining ; mechanical properties ; hardness ; principal component analysis ; structure–property relationship ; microcompression ; nanoindentation ; analytical model ; finite element model ; artificial neural networks ; model correction ; feature engineering ; physics based ; data driven ; laser shock peening ; residual stresses ; data-driven ; multiscale ; nonlinear ; stochastics ; neural networks ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Additive manufacturing (AM) processes are gaining more and more attention from many industrial fields, mainly because they are revolutionizing the components’ designs and production lines. The complete industrialization of these processes has to be supported by the full understanding of correlation between AM building conditions and the final materials’ properties. Another critical aspect is that nowadays only a reduced number of materials processable by AM are available on the market. It is, therefore, fundamental to widen the materials’ portfolio, and to study and develop new materials that can take advantage of these unique building processes.
    Keywords: amorphous poly(lactide acid) ; poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) ; polymer blends ; filament extrusion ; 3D printing ; additive manufacturing ; silicon nitride ; high performance ceramics ; photopolymerisation ; lithography-based ceramic manufacturing ; fused-deposition modeling ; mechanical properties ; thermal behavior ; polyetherimide ; fused filament modelling ; design of experiments ; directed energy deposition ; AISI 316L ; microstructure ; LPBF ; as-built ; as-cast ; microhardness ; tensile test ; Ni–Cu alloy ; materials development ; polymers ; metals ; ceramics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: In recent years, new and emerging digital technologies applied to food science have been gaining attention and increased interest from researchers and the food/beverage industries. In particular, those digital technologies that can be used throughout the food value chain are accurate, easy to implement, affordable, and user-friendly. Hence, this Special Issue (SI) is dedicated to novel technology based on sensor technology and machine/deep learning modeling strategies to implement artificial intelligence (AI) into food and beverage production and for consumer assessment. This SI published quality papers from researchers in Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Spain, and Mexico, including food and beverage products, such as grapes and wine, chocolate, honey, whiskey, avocado pulp, and a variety of other food products.
    Keywords: sensory ; physicochemical measurements ; artificial neural networks ; near infra-red spectroscopy ; wine quality ; machine learning modeling ; weather ; consumer acceptance prediction ; data fusion ; emotion recognition ; facial expression recognition ; galvanic skin response ; machine learning ; neural networks ; sensory analysis ; avocado ; cultivars ; preference mapping ; sensory evaluation ; sensory descriptive analysis ; consumer science ; unifloral honeys ; botanical origin ; physicochemical parameters ; classification ; natural language processing ; deep learning ; sensory science ; flavor lexicon ; long short-term memory ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Photoacoustic (or optoacoustic) imaging, including photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), is an emerging imaging modality with great clinical potential. PAI’s deep tissue penetration and fine spatial resolution also hold great promise for visualizing physiology and pathology at the molecular level. PAI combines optical contrast with ultrasonic resolution, and is capable of imaging at depths of up to 7 cm with a real-time scalable spatial resolution of 10 to 500 µm. PAI has demonstrated applications in brain imaging and cancer imaging, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer etc. This Special Issue focuses on the novel technological developments and pre-clinical and clinical biomedical applications of PAI. Topics include but are not limited to: brain imaging; cancer imaging; image reconstruction; quantitative imaging; light source and delivery for PAI; photoacoustic detectors; nanoparticles designed for PAI; photoacoustic molecular imaging; photoacoustic spectroscopy.
    Keywords: photoacoustic imaging ; tomography ; thermoacoustic ; radio frequency ; image quality assessment ; image formation theory ; image reconstruction techniques ; sparsity ; signal processing ; deconvolution ; empirical mode decomposition ; signal deconvolution ; photoacoustics ; tissue characterization ; absorption ; Photoacoustic Computed Tomography (PACT) ; ring array ; fast imaging ; low cost ; photoacoustic tomography ; full-field detection ; wave equation ; final time inversion ; uniqueness ; stability ; iterative reconstruction ; 3D photoacoustic tomography ; full-view illumination and ultrasound detection ; photoacoustic coplanar ; quartz bowl ; correlation matrix filter ; time reversal operator ; photo-acoustic tomography ; reflection artifacts ; deep learning ; convolutional neural network ; time reversal ; Landweber algorithm ; U-net ; optoacoustic imaging ; respiratory gating ; motion artifacts ; full-ring illumination ; diffused-beam illumination ; point source illumination ; ultrasound tomography (UST) ; photoacoustic tomography (PAT) ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Recently, the development of polymeric materials for biomedical applications has advanced significantly. Polymeric materials are favored in the development of therapeutic devices, including temporary implants and three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering and in vitro disease modelling.Further advancements have also occurred in the utilization of polymeric materials for pharmacological applications, such as delivery vehicles for drug release.We would like to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue. Research topics of interest include, but are not limited to, recent advances related to 3D cell culture, biomaterials, tissue engineering, disease modelling, hydrogel, organoids, drug discovery, bioimaging, cardio-renal, metabolic disease, and stem cell biology.
    Keywords: hydrogels ; crosslinking ; degradable ; gamma (γ)-irradiation ; sterilization ; sterility assurance ; antibacterial ability ; jojoba ; Simmondsia ; chemistry ; liquid wax ; biology ; toxicity ; pharmaceutical/industrial uses ; articular cartilage ; mechanical properties ; tribological properties ; antibacterial ; pathogens ; infectious diseases ; silver nanoparticles ; wound care ; wound dressings ; polymers ; gelatin ; nanofibers ; sponges ; Ag/RGO nanocomposites ; green preparation ; anticancer performance ; potential mechanism ; oxidative stress ; hydrogel ; poloxamer 407 polymer ; poloxamer 407 gel ; transungual drug delivery ; onychomycosis ; ungual penetration enhancer ; Terbinafine ; diafiltration ; SAXS ; aromatic interactions ; poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) ; chlorpheniramine ; polyelectrolyte ; aggregation ; coaxial electrospinning ; extracellular matrix ; myelination ; oligodendrocyte ; water-soluble materials ; orthokeratology lens ; protein deposition ; optical characteristics ; rubbing ; chitosan ; kenaf ; nanocrystalline cellulose ; platelet lysate ; wound healing ; carbohydrate polymers blends ; functional food ; antioxidant activity ; co-microencapsulation ; spray drying ; bacteria viability (Bacillus clausii) ; probiotics ; itraconazole ; self-emulsifying nanovesicles ; transungual ; anti-fungal ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book, consisting of 21 articles, including three review papers, written by research groups of experts in the field, considers recent research on reinforced polymer composites. Most of them relate to the fiber-reinforced polymer composites, which are a real hot topic in the field. Depending on the reinforcing fiber nature, such composites are divided into synthetic and natural fiber-reinforced ones. Synthetic fibers, such as carbon, glass, or basalt, provide more stiffness, while natural fibers, such as jute, flax, bamboo, kenaf, and others, are inexpensive and biodegradable, making them environmentally friendly. To acquire the benefits of design flexibility and recycling possibilities, natural reinforcers can be hybridized with small amounts of synthetic fibers to make them more desirable for technical applications. Elaborated composites have great potential as structural materials in automotive, marine and aerospace application, as fire resistant concrete, in bridge systems, as mechanical gear pair, as biomedical materials for dentistry and orthopedic application and tissue engineering, as well as functional materials such as proton-exchange membranes, biodegradable superabsorbent resins and polymer electrolytes.
    Keywords: glass fibers ; surface modification ; polyethersulfone ; impregnation ; composite materials ; mechanical properties ; damping properties ; stability ; 3D printing ; composites ; DLP ; lignocellulose ; nanoindentation ; fiber-reinforced polymer ; natural fibers ; synthetic fibers ; PET fiber ; PP ; compatibility ; modification ; co-injection molding ; fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) ; fiber orientation distribution (FOD) ; micro-computerized tomography (μ-CT) scan technology ; bearing ; salt fog aging ; glass-flax hybrid coposites ; pinned joints ; failure modes ; polymer-matrix composites ; carbon fibers ; polysulfone ; rubber ; short jute fibers ; surface treatments ; scanning electron microscopy ; PVA ; CMC ; Na2CO3 ; film ; hydrogel mechanical properties ; nanocomposites ; double-network hydrogels ; polymer–nanoparticle interactions ; bamboo-plastic composites (BPCs) ; waste bamboo fibers ; chemical composition ; physico-mechanical properties ; thermal decomposition kinetics ; PEEK composites ; reinforcements ; self-lubricating bush ; friction and wear ; pin joints ; flat slab ; two-way shear ; carbon fiber reinforced polymers ; glass fiber reinforced polymers ; natural rubber ; maleated natural rubber ; palm stearin ; halloysite nanotubes ; heat treatment ; surface modification of staple carbon fiber ; natural rubber latex ; reinforcement mechanism ; dopamine ; rubber composite ; bifunctionally composite ; sulfonic acid based proton exchange membrane ; silica nanofiber ; mechanical stability ; high temperature fuel cell ; polyetherimide ; polycarbonate ; polyphenylene sulfone ; kenaf fibre ; glass fibre ; hybrid composites ; low velocity impact ; damage progression ; bamboo ; n/a ; poly (lactic acid) (PLA) ; wastes rubber ; recycling ; tensile properties ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In recent years, the implementation of sustainable concrete systems has been a topic of great interest in the field of construction engineering worldwide, as a result of the large and rapid increase in carbon emissions and environmental problems resulting from traditional concrete production and industry. For example, the uses of supplementary cementitious materials, geopolymer binder, recycled aggregate and industrial/agricultural wastes in concrete are all approaches to building a sustainable concrete system. However, such materials have inherent flaws due to their variety of sources, and exhibit very different properties compared with traditional concrete. Therefore, they require specific modifications in preprocessing, design, and evaluation before use in concrete. This reprint, entitled “Advances in Sustainable Concrete System”, covers a broad range of advanced concrete research in environmentally friendly concretes, cost-effective admixtures, and waste recycling, specifically including the design methods, mechanical properties, durability, microstructure, various models, hydration mechanisms, and practical applications of solid wastes in concrete systems.
    Keywords: high-strength concrete ; energy evolution ; elastic strain energy ; brittleness evaluation index ; concrete ; humidity ; moisture absorption ; moisture desorption ; numerical simulation ; acoustic emission ; AE rate process theory ; corrosion rate ; damage evolution ; axial load ; precast concrete structure ; lattice girder semi-precast slabs ; bending resistance ; FE modelling ; concrete damage ; GSP ; high strength ; hydration ; strength ; penetrability ; rice husk ash ; sustainable concrete ; artificial neural networks ; multiple linear regression ; eco-friendly concrete ; green concrete ; sustainable development ; artificial intelligence ; data science ; machine learning ; bagasse ash ; mechanical properties ; natural coarse aggregate ; recycled coarse aggregate ; two-stage concrete ; materials design ; recycled concrete ; crumb rubber concrete ; crumb rubber ; NaOH treatment ; lime treatment ; water treatment ; detergent treatment ; compressive strength ; materials ; adhesively-bonded joint ; temperature aging ; residual strength ; mechanical behavior ; failure criterion ; steel slag powder ; compound activator ; mortar strength ; orthogonal experiment ; GM (0, N) model ; ultrafine metakaolin ; silica fume ; durability ; fiber-reinforced concrete ; damage mechanism ; uniaxial tension ; cracked concrete ; crack width ; crack depth ; tortuosity ; sustainability ; concrete composites ; sulfate and acid attacks ; WPFT fibers ; coal gangue ; gradation ; cement content ; unconfined compressive strength ; freeze–thaw cycle ; minimum energy dissipation principle ; three-shear energy yield criterion ; damage variable ; constitutive model ; phosphorus slag ; limestone ; sulphate-corrosion resistance ; volume deformation ; blast furnace ferronickel slag ; alkali-activated material ; dosage of activator ; reactive powder concrete ; beam-column joint ; FE modeling ; crack ; cementitious gravel ; fly ash ; age ; optimal dosage ; bamboo ; sawdust ; pretreatment ; bio-based material ; mechanical property ; self-compacting concrete ; supplementary cementitious materials ; hydration mechanisms ; microstructure ; fresh properties ; synthetic polymer ; high temperature ; bentonite-free drilling fluid ; rheology ; filtration ; FRP reinforced concrete slab ; punching shear strength ; SHAP ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: Metal 3D printing, as an advanced forming, can manufacture parts directly from digital model by using layer by layer material build-up approach. This manufacturing method can prepare complex shape metal parts in short time, with and high precision. Three-dimensional printing processes can be classified into two major groups: Powder Bed Fusion-based technologies and Directed Energy Deposition. Three-dimensional printing features freedom of part complexity, part design, and light-weighting for aerospace, automobile, and other industries application. The Global Metal 3D Printing Market is mainly driven by the the fast developing of aerospace and automobile industry. The Global Metal 3D Printing Market size was valued at USD 534.18 Million in 2020 and is projected to reach USD 4458.76 Million by 2028, growing at a CAGR of 30.38% from 2021 to 2028.
    Keywords: 17-4PH ; SLM ; solution temperature ; microstructure and properties ; selective laser melting ; CuCrZr alloy ; process parameters ; relative density ; tensile properties ; Ni-based superalloys ; electron beam melting ; additive manufacturing ; Argon gas atomized ; plasma rotation electrode process ; powder characteristics ; residual stresses ; selective laser melting (SLM) ; finite element modeling (FEM) ; triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) ; copper corrosion ; liquefied petroleum gas ; H2S corrosion ; SEM ; XPS ; CLF-1 steel ; microstructure ; mechanical properties ; in-situ alloying ; composition inhomogeneity ; computer simulation ; processing map ; laser powder bed fusion ; graphene ; high temperature ; mechanical property ; alumina ; cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy ; electroless plating ; friction performance ; implants ; Laser Powder Bed Fusion ; defects ; process parameter ; powder bed fusion ; surface roughness ; porosity ; residual stress ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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  • 15
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: In this reprint, state-of-the-art research and review articles on emerging material systems for additive manufacturing (AM) are collected, with a focus on the process–structure–properties relationships. Additive manufacturing (AM) has grown and evolved rapidly in recent years. There are many exciting research and translational works in many areas of application, such as biomedical, aerospace and electronics. These advancements are typically coupled with materials development, which has resulted in more functionalities added to 3D-printed parts, such as multi-material fabrications and integration with machine learning or digital twins. Such enhancements in functionalities have enabled the evolution of AM from a rapid prototyping tool to an actual manufacturing solution. In this reprint, two reviews and thirteen original research articles are included to highlight the latest development in the field of materials science for AM.
    Keywords: titanium scaffolds ; 3D printing ; pore design ; selective laser melting ; lattice structures ; torsion ; design ; additive manufacturing ; functionally gradient lattice ; torsional stiffness ; energy absorption ; failure behavior ; ferritic steel ; heat treatment ; SLM ; nuclear application ; laser powder bed fusion ; solidification crack ; hot crack ; aluminum alloy powder ; EN AW-5083 ; AA5083 ; AlSi10Mg ; powder bed fusion ; metal matrix composites ; laser powder-bed fusion ; aluminum alloys ; reinforcement ; ceramic particulates ; grain refinement ; crystallographic texture ; mechanical properties ; laser-directed energy deposition ; melt pool ; process maps ; multi-fidelity Gaussian process ; Bayesian Optimization ; uncertainty quantification ; K418 alloy ; orientation ; phase ; microhardness ; color 3D printing ; penetration depth ; chromaticity ; image-based metric ; color reproduction ; Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn ; titanium alloy ; biomedical engineering ; microstructure ; X-ray diffraction ; directed energy deposition ; shape-memory alloys ; joining of metals ; elemental powders ; 3D concrete printing (3DCP) ; hybrids ; geopolymer ; frost resistance ; UV radiation ; thermal conductivity ; surface finishing ; physical vapor deposition ; composites ; recycling ; polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) ; direct ink writing ; liquid deposition modeling ; glass fibers ; stainless steel ; AISI 316L ; AISI 630 (17-4PH) ; AISI 420 ; AISI 440C ; carbon content ; online monitoring ; electron beam melting ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJC Diseases & disorders::MJCL Oncology
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  • 16
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book includes impactful chapters which present scientific concepts, frameworks, architectures and ideas on sensing technologies and machine learning techniques. These are relevant in tackling the following challenges: (i) the field readiness and use of intrusive sensor systems and devices for capturing biosignals, including EEG sensor systems, ECG sensor systems and electrodermal activity sensor systems; (ii) the quality assessment and management of sensor data; (iii) data preprocessing, noise filtering and calibration concepts for biosignals; (iv) the field readiness and use of nonintrusive sensor technologies, including visual sensors, acoustic sensors, vibration sensors and piezoelectric sensors; (v) emotion recognition using mobile phones and smartwatches; (vi) body area sensor networks for emotion and stress studies; (vii) the use of experimental datasets in emotion recognition, including dataset generation principles and concepts, quality insurance and emotion elicitation material and concepts; (viii) machine learning techniques for robust emotion recognition, including graphical models, neural network methods, deep learning methods, statistical learning and multivariate empirical mode decomposition; (ix) subject-independent emotion and stress recognition concepts and systems, including facial expression-based systems, speech-based systems, EEG-based systems, ECG-based systems, electrodermal activity-based systems, multimodal recognition systems and sensor fusion concepts and (x) emotion and stress estimation and forecasting from a nonlinear dynamical system perspective.
    Keywords: subject-dependent emotion recognition ; subject-independent emotion recognition ; electrodermal activity (EDA) ; deep learning ; convolutional neural networks ; automatic facial emotion recognition ; intensity of emotion recognition ; behavioral biometrical systems ; machine learning ; artificial intelligence ; driving stress ; electrodermal activity ; road traffic ; road types ; Viola-Jones ; facial emotion recognition ; facial expression recognition ; facial detection ; facial landmarks ; infrared thermal imaging ; homography matrix ; socially assistive robot ; EEG ; arousal detection ; valence detection ; data transformation ; normalization ; mental stress detection ; electrocardiogram ; respiration ; in-ear EEG ; emotion classification ; emotion monitoring ; elderly caring ; outpatient caring ; stress detection ; deep neural network ; convolutional neural network ; wearable sensors ; psychophysiology ; sensor data analysis ; time series analysis ; signal analysis ; similarity measures ; correlation statistics ; quantitative analysis ; benchmarking ; boredom ; emotion ; GSR ; classification ; sensor ; face landmark detection ; fully convolutional DenseNets ; skip-connections ; dilated convolutions ; emotion recognition ; physiological sensing ; multimodal sensing ; flight simulation ; activity recognition ; physiological signals ; thoracic electrical bioimpedance ; smart band ; stress recognition ; physiological signal processing ; long short-term memory recurrent neural networks ; information fusion ; pain recognition ; long-term stress ; electroencephalography ; perceived stress scale ; expert evaluation ; affective corpus ; multimodal sensors ; overload ; underload ; interest ; frustration ; cognitive load ; stress research ; affective computing ; human-computer interaction ; deep convolutional neural network ; transfer learning ; auxiliary loss ; weighted loss ; class center ; stress sensing ; smart insoles ; smart shoes ; unobtrusive sensing ; stress ; center of pressure ; regression ; signal processing ; arousal ; aging adults ; musical genres ; emotion elicitation ; dataset ; emotion representation ; feature selection ; feature extraction ; computer science ; virtual reality ; head-mounted display ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 17
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Absorbable metals have shown significant clinical potential for temporary implant applications, where the material is eventually replaced by healthy, functioning tissue. However, several challenges remain before these metals can be used in humans. Innovations and further improvements are required. This book collects scientific contributions dealing with the development of absorbable metals with improved and unique corrosion and mechanical properties for applications in highly loaded implants or cardiovascular and urethral stents.
    Keywords: surface treatments ; roughness ; Mg-alloys ; degradation behavior ; absorbable ; corrosion ; degradation ; magnesium ; ureteral stent ; zinc ; mandibular condylar fracture ; unsintered hydroxyapatite/poly-l-lactide composite plate ; bioactive resorbable plate ; biomechanical loading evaluation ; fracture fixation ; WE43/HA composite ; friction stir processing ; microstructure ; mechanical properties ; corrosion behavior ; absorbable metal ; cytotoxicity ; stent ; ureteral ; urothelial cells ; zinc alloy ; poly-L-lactide ; uncalcined and unsintered hydroxyapatite ; biocompatibility ; osteoconductivity ; mesenchymal stem cell ; iron foam ; polyethyleneimine (PEI) ; biodegradation ; powder metallurgy ; coating ; biodegradable magnesium implants ; bioceramics ; bioactivity ; orthopedic implant ; bone surgery ; absorbable implants ; magnesium (Mg) ; oral and maxillofacial ; orthopedic ; titanium (Ti) ; biomaterials ; electrochemistry ; hydrogen evolution ; microscopy ; Mg-Zn-Sn alloy ; osteoinductive activity ; sirolimus ; rabbit coronary artery endothelial cells ; smooth muscle cells ; bioabsorbable metals ; in-vivo biocompatibility ; strontium ; toxicity ; systemic reactions ; alloy accumulation ; internal organs ; iron ; corrosion rate ; biodegradable material ; n/a
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  • 18
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: The reprint focuses on the latest research in cybersecurity and data science. Digital transformation turns data into the new oil, so the increasing availability of big data, structured and unstructured datasets, raises new challenges in cybersecurity, efficient data processing and knowledge extraction. The field of cybersecurity and data science fuels the data-driven economy. Innovations in this field require strong foundations in mathematics, statistics, machine learning and information security. The unprecedented increase in the availability of data in many fields of science and technology (e.g., genomic data, data from industrial environments, network traffic, streaming media, sensory data of smart cities, and social network data) ask for new methods and solutions for data processing, information extraction and decision support. This stimulates the development of new methods of data analysis, including those adapted to the analysis of new data structures and the growing volume of data. The papers included in this reprint discuss various topics ranging from cyberattacks, steganography, anomaly detection, evaluation of the attacker skills, modelling of the threats, and wireless security evaluation, as well as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning. Given this diversity of topics the book represents a valuable reference for researchers in cybersecurity security and data science.
    Keywords: steganography ; network security ; steganography detection ; steganalysis ; machine learning ; big data ; IoT ; pattern mining ; wireless communications ; covert channel ; dirty constellation ; wireless postmodulation steganography ; phase drift ; drift correction modulation ; undetectability ; security ; quadrature amplitude modulation ; spam ; phishing ; classification ; augmented dataset ; multi-language emails ; cybersecurity ; data protection ; SoC ; threat agents ; motivation ; opportunity ; capability ; user profiling ; implicit ; modeling ; real-time user monitoring ; complexity threat agent ; threat assessment ; network traffic analysis ; convolutional neural networks ; network traffic images ; visualization of traffic ; classifiers ; e-mail ; ham ; data science ; datasets ; cyber threats modeling ; multi-agent systems ; cyber deception ; pseudorandom sequences generators ; prime numbers ; additive Fibonacci generator ; statistical characteristics ; android device ; BrainShield ; hybrid model ; malware detection ; Omnidroid ; image processing ; BOSS database ; ensemble classifier ; deep learning ; stegomalware ; traffic analysis ; network probe ; hash function ; SHA-3 ; FPGA ; cognitive security ; cyberattacks ; game software ; threat matrix computing ; evaluation function ; data modeling ; authentication ; bit template ; information-processing electronic device ; Poisson pulse sequences generators ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNT Media, information & communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries
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  • 19
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The articles featured in this Special Issue cover different aspects of the design, testing, and application of various types of supplementary cementitious materials in concrete. The results of the research, conducted by over 50 international universities and scientific centers, prove the great interest in the SCM topic.
    Keywords: crystalline admixture ; chemical exposure ; sulphuric acid attack ; durability ; Xypex ; fly ash ; substitution strategy ; structural concrete ; steel reinforcement ; limit states ; RC beams in bending ; carbon footprint ; concrete ; carbonation modeling ; calcareous fly ash ; biomass ; wood ash ; fibrocement ; strength ; mortar ; clean coal combustion ; fluidized bed fly ash ; microstructure ; phase composition ; portlandite ; unburned carbon ; slag ; soil stabilization ; embankment ; cement ; lime ; high temperature ; damage ; permeability ; CEMI and CEMIII ; mechanical properties ; alkali-activated concrete ; geopolymer concrete ; flexure ; beams ; fiber-reinforced concrete ; crack spacing ; tension stiffening ; bamboo ash ; supplementary materials ; elevated temperature ; high volume fly ash (HVFA) ; steel reinforcing fiber ; jacketing ; environmental impact ; fibre reinforced ; alkali-activated ; strain hardening ; recycled cementitious supplementary material ; comprehensive concrete recycling ; recycled fine fraction ; rehydration reactivity ; compressive strength ; ground granulated blast furnace slag ; apparent activation energy ; equivalent age ; construction debris ; recycling ; circular economy ; eco-friendly concretes ; fly ash (FA) ; silica fume (SF) ; palm oil fuel ash (POFA) ; rice husk ash (RHA) ; sewage sludge ash (SSA) and sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) ; mine tailings ; marble dust ; construction and demolition debris (CDD) ; porous feldspar ; activation ; substitute material ; energy saving concrete ; calcined clay ; binder ; supplementary cementitious materials ; cement-based materials ; steatite ; wood particles ; Portland cement ; fire performance ; tensile strength ; micro-silica/silica fume ; steel fiber ; high performance concrete (HPC) ; self-consolidating concrete (SCC) ; flowability ; freeze-thaw cycle ; fire resistance ; bentonite ; clays ; cryogenic condition ; GGBS ; thermal conductivity ; semi-adiabatic test ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 20
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Animal production (e.g., milk, meat, and eggs) provides valuable protein production for human beings and animals. However, animal production is facing several challenges worldwide such as environmental impacts and animal welfare/health concerns. In animal farming operations, accurate and efficient monitoring of animal information and behavior can help analyze the health and welfare status of animals and identify sick or abnormal individuals at an early stage to reduce economic losses and protect animal welfare. In recent years, there has been growing interest in animal welfare. At present, sensors, big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence are used to improve management efficiency, reduce production costs, and enhance animal welfare. Although these technologies still have challenges and limitations, the application and exploration of these technologies in animal farms will greatly promote the intelligent management of farms. Therefore, this Special Issue will collect original papers with novel contributions based on technologies such as sensors, big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence to study animal behavior monitoring and recognition, environmental monitoring, health evaluation, etc., to promote intelligent and accurate animal farm management.
    Keywords: pig weight ; body size ; estimation ; deep learning ; convolutional neural network ; pig identification ; mask scoring R-CNN ; soft-NMS ; group-housed pigs ; audio ; dairy cow ; mastication ; jaw movement ; forage management ; precision livestock management ; equine behavior ; wearable sensor ; intermodality interaction ; class-balanced focal loss ; absorbing Markov chain ; cow behavior analysis ; prediction of calving time ; cow identification ; EfficientDet ; YOLACT++ ; cascaded model ; instance segmentation ; generative adversarial network ; machine learning ; automated medical image processing ; deep neural network ; animal science ; CT scans ; computer vision ; cow ; extensive livestock ; sensorized wearable device ; monitoring ; parturition prediction ; radar sensors ; radar signal processing ; animal farming ; computational ethology ; signal classification ; wavelet analysis ; dairy welfare ; hierarchical clustering ; mutual information ; precision livestock farming ; time budgets ; unsupervised machine learning ; wearables design ; animal-centered design ; animal telemetry ; modularity ; smart collar ; design contributions ; additive manufacturing ; low-frequency tracking ; commercial aviary ; laying hens ; false registrations ; tree-based classifier ; animal behaviour ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 21
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book derives from the Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2019 (SIMES-2019) that has been launched as a joint issue of the journals Materials and Applied Sciences. The 29 contributions published in this Special Issue of Materials present cutting-edge advances in the field of manufacturing engineering focusing on additive manufacturing and 3D printing; advances and innovations in manufacturing processes; sustainable and green manufacturing; manufacturing of new materials; metrology and quality in manufacturing; industry 4.0; design, modeling, and simulation in manufacturing engineering; and manufacturing engineering and society. Among them, the topic "Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing" has attracted a large number of contributions in this journal due to its widespread popularity and potential.
    Keywords: Bayesian inference ; control chart ; dynamic methodology ; hidden Markov chain ; occupational accident ; risk assessment ; risk control ; risk management ; Fused Deposition Modeling ; roughness ; Polylactic Acid ; print orientation angle ; build angle ; titanium alloys ; sustainable lubrication ; cryogenic lubrication ; MQL ; OD grinding ; CBN ; dressing ; rotary dresser ; wear ; CVD diamond ; additive manufacturing ; 3D printing ; fused filament fabrication ; flexural properties ; fatigue ; PLA ; cements ; ballast waste ; cornubianite ; mechanical properties ; Spain ; joining ; forming ; sheet–tube connections ; experimentation ; modelling and simulation ; quality enhancement ; process parameters ; design optimization ; calibration artifact ; kinematic support ; dimensional metrology ; machine tool ; length measurement ; rapid prototyping ; efficiency ; printing time ; experimental model ; prepeg ; carbon fiber ; Raman spectroscopy ; AWJM ; waterjet ; CFRP ; kerf taper ; surface quality ; metal forming ; bi-metallic ; cylinders ; compression ; finite elements ; microscopy ; cold expansion ; mandrel ; cold-forming ; swaging ; shipbuilding ; LARG paradigm ; supply chain ; coordinate metrology ; confocal microscopy ; measurement ; calibration ; traceability ; uncertainty ; quality assessment ; digital image correlation ; indentation process ; incremental forming ; finite element method ; material flow ; AWJM (Abrasive waterjet machining) ; CFRTP (Carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastics) ; RSM (response surface methodology) ; ANOVA (Analysis of variance) ; C/TPU (carbon/polyurethane) ; image processing ; position control ; accuracy ; micromachines ; position compensation ; inverse conical perspective ; micromanufacturing ; manufacturing systems ; mechatronics ; FDM ; bimodulus materials ; standards ; finite element analysis (FEA) ; ABS ; anisotropy ; infill density ; layer orientation ; ASTM D638–14:2014 ; ISO 527–2:2012 ; grounding electrodes in two-layered soils ; step and touch potentials ; step potentials upper bound ; orthoses ; prostheses ; fused deposition modeling ; laminated object manufacturing ; selective laser sintering ; laser tracker ; Monte Carlo method ; verification ; green manufacturing ; sustainability metrics ; cleaner product life cycle ; material removal processes ; hybrid components ; light alloys ; magnesium ; aluminum ; drilling ; dry machining ; cold compressed air ; lubrication and cooling systems ; arithmetical mean roughness ; Ra ; average maximum height ; Rz ; repair and maintenance operations ; fused deposition modelling ; composites ; polymer injection moulding ; polyamide ; metal matrix composite ; Al-SiC ; microstructure ; machining ; cooling compressed air ; thrust force ; energy ; material removed rate ; PEEK-GF30 ; multi-response optimization ; sustainable manufacturing ; metrology ; industry 4.0 ; modeling and simulation ; quality in manufacturing ; technological and industrial heritage ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 22
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Modern materials and structures are significantly different from conventional ones. Their sizes can be orders of magnitude smaller, and their compositions are so sophisticated that traditional characteristic methods are inapplicable. Non-conventional methods are essential to tackle these issues, which must often be approached in an interdisciplinary fashion. This Special Issue is a collection of articles that shed light on these problems.
    Keywords: analytical solution ; Fourier cosine series ; vibrations ; FGM rectangular plates ; Mindlin plate theory ; phased array transducer ; transducer optimization ; beam focusing ; pulse–echo mode ; harmonic generation ; stress-free boundary ; total correction ; acoustic emission ; electrical resistance ; damage monitoring ; criticality ; natural time analysis ; nonlinear parameter ; noncontact reception ; air-coupled receiver ; aluminum samples ; corrections ; field theory ; deformation and fracture ; 7075 aluminum alloy ; electronic speckle pattern interferometry ; concrete beam ; bending ; cementitious matrix ; FRCM ; analytical model ; numerical model ; linear low-density polyethylene ; digital image correlation ; optical non-destructive testing ; speckle ; fourier scaling theorem ; gaussian filtering ; optical methods ; AlSi10Mg ; SLM ; NDE ; deep learning ; CNN ; k-fold cross validation ; non-destructive testing ; optical interferometry ; residual stress ; thermal expansion ; elasticity ; high entropy alloys ; complex concentrated alloys ; refractory metal intermetallic composites ; high entropy phases ; complex concentrated phases ; Nb silicide-based alloys ; alloy design ; biomechanics ; Achilles tendon ; beam-to-beam contact ; arbitrary cross-section ; ANCF ; lithium-ion batteries ; redox-active organic anode ; organic anode materials ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 23
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Complex systems have long been an integral part of modern life and can be encountered everywhere. Undertaking a comprehensive study of such systems is a challenging problem, one which is impossible to solve without the use of contemporary mathematical modeling techniques. Mathematical models form the basis for the optimal design and control of complex systems. The present reprint contains all the articles accepted and published in the Special Issue of Mathematics entitled "Control, Optimization, and Mathematical Modeling of Complex Systems". This Special Issue is focused on recent theoretical and computational studies of complex systems modeling, control, and optimization. The topics addressed in this Special Issue cover a wide range of areas, including numerical simulation in physical, social, and life sciences; the modeling and analysis of complex systems based on mathematical methods and AI/ML approaches; control problems in robotics; design optimization of complex systems, modeling in economics and social sciences; stochastic models in physics and engineering; mathematical models in material science; and high-performance computing for mathematical modeling. It is our hope that the scientific results presented in this reprint will serve as valuable sources of documentation and inspiration to those seeking to delve into complex systems modeling, control, and optimization and examine their wide-ranging applications.
    Keywords: optimal control problem ; evolutionary computation ; robotics applications ; optimal control ; Lyapunov stability ; equilibrium point ; symbolic regression ; Pontryagin’s maximum principle ; continuous-time Markov chains ; ergodicity bounds ; discrete state space ; rate of convergence ; logarithmic norm ; interval analysis ; function approximation ; global optimization ; convexity evaluation ; overestimators ; underestimators ; machine learning control ; general synthesis problem ; evolutionary algorithm ; adaptive interpolation algorithm ; interval ordinary differential equations (ODEs) ; sparse grids ; hierarchical basis ; multidimensional interpolation ; high dimensions ; molecular dynamics modeling ; randomized maximum entropy estimation ; probability density functions ; Lagrange multipliers ; Lyapunov-type problems ; implicit function ; rotation of vector field ; asymptotic efficiency ; thermokarst lakes ; forecasting ; dynamical tracking target ; ship towing system ; relative curvature ; adaptive control ; discrete velocity method ; lattice Boltzmann method ; computational fluid dynamics ; mathematical modeling ; estimation ; minimax techniques ; pareto optimization ; regression analysis ; statistical uncertainty ; proton exchange membrane ; proton electrolyte membrane ; PEM ; fuel cell ; PEMFC ; power electronic converter ; DC–DC boost converter ; model predictive control ; MPC ; self-scalable robots ; modular robots ; origami structures ; complex system ; synergistic effect ; performance indicator ; structure change ; soft robotics ; continuum mechanisms ; modeling of complex systems ; kinematic model of soft robots ; mathematical modeling of complex systems ; non-linear models ; soft robotic neck ; tendon-driven actuators ; mathematical modelling ; modelling in economics ; impact of the COVID-19 ; logistics businesses ; fractional-order virus models ; stuxnet virus ; numerical computing ; supervisory control and data acquisition systems ; computer networks ; lyapunov analysis ; image segmentation ; remote sensing ; terrain identification ; data synthesis ; transfer learning ; controllability ; observability ; stochastic linear systems in finite and infinite dimensional spaces ; stochastic singular linear systems in finite and infinite dimensional spaces ; semigroup ; evolution operator ; GE-semigroup ; GE-evolution operator ; stochastic GE-evolution operator ; feature selection ; finite normal mixtures ; moving separation of mixtures ; deep LSTM ; neural network architectures ; deep learning ; turbulent plasma ; air–sea fluxes ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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  • 24
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Urological Cancer 2020 collection contains a set of multidisciplinary contributions to the extraordinary heterogeneity of tumor mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and therapies of the renal, urinary tract, and prostate cancers, with the intention of offering to interested readers a representative snapshot of the status of urological research.
    Keywords: renal cell carcinoma ; iron ; macrophages ; chelation therapy ; urothelial carcinoma ; transcriptome ; microtubule ; MAP1B ; prognosis ; KLF5 ; androgen receptor ; cell proliferation ; tumorigenesis ; prostate cancer ; precision medicine ; whole genome sequencing ; optical mapping ; therapy ; prostate carcinoma ; prostate mpMRI ; machine learning ; artificial intelligence ; deep learning ; neural network ; angiogenesis ; angiogenic growth factors ; antiangiogenic therapy ; renal tumors ; prevention ; α1-adrenoceptor antagonists ; anoikis ; vascularity ; research model ; oncogenes ; tumor suppressor genes ; MR-guided ; radiotherapy ; MRgRT ; stereotactic ablative radiotherapy ; stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) ; renal cell cancer ; RCC ; online adaptive ; [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT ; dual-time point imaging ; delayed imaging ; biphasic imaging ; lesion positivity rate ; CXCL9 ; PD1 ; PD-L1 ; stage T1 NMIBC ; prostatic neoplasms/mortality ; prostatic neoplasms/epidemiology ; SEER Program ; bladder cancer ; transurethral resection ; en-bloc resection ; CPT1A ; fatty acids ; serine ; androgen response ; ROS ; oxidative stress ; DONSON ; Downstream Neighbor of SON ; biomarker ; metastatic spread ; diagnosis ; differential diagnosis ; histopathology ; immunohistochemistry ; stroma signature ; patient-derived xenografts ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 25
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: In this book, the performance of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts applied in biomass processing was assessed, paying special attention to the main advantages and challenges related to their use. Indeed, these challenges are opportunities to develop new research lines that could be fruitful in the near future. Thus, different studies are included, dealing with diverse subjects, with one main goal in common: the improvement of different aspects related to biomass processing through the use of catalysts.
    Keywords: nanospheroids ; zinc-doped CaO ; natural triglycerides ; aminolysis ; heterogeneous catalyst ; recyclability ; catalyst ; sodium hydroxide ; fatty acid methyl ester ; central composite rotatable design ; operational conditions ; aerated irrigation ; soil enzyme activity ; soil microbial biomass ; soil respiration ; bio-derived phenol ; Ni-Cu-Co/Al2O3 ; in-situ hydrodeoxygenation ; cyclohexane ; hydrogenolysis ; biomass ; 5-hydroxymethylfurfural ; 2,5-furandicrboxylic acid ; aerobic oxidation ; metal catalysts ; acid catalysis ; biodiesel ; biofuel ; esterification ; fatty acid ; methanolysis ; molybdenum oxide ; transesterification ; vegetable oil ; fatty acid methyl esters ; 2-ethyl-1-hexanol ; 1-heptanol ; 4-methyl-2-pentanol ; viscosity ; flash and combustion points ; methyl oleate ; methyl ricinoleate ; cellulase ; cellulose ; paper sludge ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; synergism ; furfural ; carbon-supported catalyst ; xylose conversion ; iron ; heterogeneous catalysts ; thermoset polymer ; epoxy ; cellulose nanofiber ; curing characteristics ; thermal properties ; mechanical properties ; RSM ; numerical optimization ; keratinase ; feather ; Bacillus sp. ; amino acids ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 26
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Rapid developments have taken place over the recent years in the interventional cardiac electrophysiology. New methods and tools in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmia have emerged. There are many questions which still present a challenge, such as the ablation of refractory ventricular tachycardia, how to improve the long-term success rate of persistent atrial fibrillation, the long-term effectiveness and safety of His–Purkinje conduction system pacing. Accordingly, we dedicate this Special Issue Current Updates on Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology to gathering the most recent progress in this field. Its aim is to present an overview of the current knowledge, latest evidence, and unresolved issues in this field. More specifically, the topics of interest include but are not limited to: atrial fibrillation; cryoablation; radiofrequency ablation; cardiac resynchronization therapy; His–Purkinje conduction system pacing; stereotactic radiotherapy for refractory ventricular tachycardia; pulsed electric field ablation; leadless pacemakers; and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.
    Keywords: atrial fibrillation ; catheter ablation ; left atrial appendage occlusion ; stereotactic body radiotherapy ; refractory ventricular tachycardia ; treatment ; ablation ; elderly patients ; younger patients ; outcomes ; deep learning ; convolution neural network ; paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia ; electrocardiography ; detection ; syncope ; vasovagal syncope ; ganglionated plexus ; high-frequency stimulation ; atrial fibrillation (AF) ; vein of Marshall (VOM) ; ethanol infusion ; coronary sinus (CS) ; coronary sinus ostium (CSo) ; cardiac implantable electronic device infection ; pocket infection ; antimicrobial therapy ; risk factors ; preventive strategies ; ventricular arrhythmias ; electrocardiogram ; algorithm ; left ventricular outflow tract ; COVID-19 pandemic ; interventional therapy ; percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion ; pharmacotherapy ; amiodarone ; arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy ; abnormal electrograms ; ventricular tachycardia ; iatrogenic atrial septal defect ; intracardiac echocardiography ; left atrial appendage closure ; right-to-left shunt ; vein of Marshall ; collateral circulation ; slow injection ; paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ; high-power ; short-duration ; radiofrequency ablation ; ablation index ; pulmonary vein reconnection ; non-pulmonary vein triggers ; peri-device leak ; cardiac computed tomography angiography ; leadless single-chamber pacemaker ; complication ; atrioventricular synchrony ; leadless dual-chamber pacemaker ; strategy selection ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBG Medical equipment & techniques
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  • 27
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: In recent years, there has been significant progress in biomass research as bio-based products are beneficial to the environment, energy-saving, and cost-saving if they are processed properly. The book collects the most state-of-the-art works related to the natural fiber composites in a Special Issue entitled “Natural Fiber Biocomposites”. These works address all the issues related the manufacturing of natural fiber composite products, from (1) raw materials, such as wood, flax fiber, and cellulose nanofiber; to the (2) raw material treatments, such as furfuryl alcohol pretreatment, ultrasonic vibration treatment (UVT), and extraction method for the resins; to the (3) process of the composites fabrication, such as thermo-hygro-mechanical densification; and to the (4) performance of the composites, including mechanical, moisture absorption, opacity, thermal, and biodegradability. Discussions on the adhesives/resins used in the natural fiber composites fabrication, such as dried distiller’s grains and solubles (DDGS), pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) press cakes (PPC), and lesquerella [Lesquerella fendleri (A. Gary) S. Watson] press cake (LPC), starch, and polylactic acid (PLA), are also part of the book. It is believed the technical information presented in this book will contribute to the development of the bio-based composites.
    Keywords: flexural properties ; panels ; by-products ; non-dietetic uses ; modulus of rupture ; modulus of elasticity ; nanofiber cellulose ; water hyacinth ; thermoplastic starch ; bionanocomposites ; ultrasonic vibration time ; density ; gas permeability ; thermal conductivity ; densification ; durability ; green composites ; cellulosic fibers ; water uptake ; biocomposite ; starch ; cellulose ; ultrasonication ; moisture absorption ; opacity ; mat porosity ; mat thermal conductivity ; fiber size ; hot-pressing process ; PLA ; flax ; thermoplastic composites ; mechanical properties ; biodegradability ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 28
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: According to the National Research Council, the use of embedded systems throughout society could well overtake previous milestones in the information revolution. Mechatronics is the synergistic combination of electronic, mechanical engineering, controls, software and systems engineering in the design of processes and products. Mechatronic systems put “intelligence” into physical systems. Embedded sensors/actuators/processors are integral parts of mechatronic systems. The implementation of mechatronic systems is consistently on the rise. However, manufacturers are working hard to reduce the implementation cost of these systems while trying avoid compromising product quality. One way of addressing these conflicting objectives is through new automatic control methods, virtual sensing/estimation, and new innovative hardware topologies.
    Keywords: independent-wheel drive ; steering assistance ; nonlinear system ; active disturbance rejection control ; smooth road feeling ; city bus transport ; electric vehicles ; electrification ; software tool ; planning ; control ; charging management ; simulation ; analysis ; energy management ; hybrid electric vehicle ; powertrain electrification ; equivalent consumption minimization ; supercharging ; hardware-in-the-loop experiments ; driving force distribution ; decentralized traction system ; 4WD electric vehicle ; energy efficiency ; traction control ; efficiency optimization ; air mobility ; fuel cell hybrid aircraft ; stochastic optimal control ; drift counteraction optimal control ; normal force estimation ; unbiased minimum variance estimation ; controller output observer ; youla parameterization ; adaptive cruise control ; automated driving ; energy-saving ; fuel-saving ; optimal control ; passenger comfort ; new energy vehicles ; speed prediction ; macroscopic traffic model ; traffic big-data ; deep learning ; vehicle lateral dynamic and control ; unresolved issues ; application of speed prediction ; electric vehicle ; hybrid vehicle ; lithium ion ; ultracapacitor ; battery aging ; EHB ; EMB ; EWB ; system modeling ; bond graph ; optimization ; control design ; Youla parameterization ; robust control ; nonlinear optimization ; brake-by-wire ; actuator ; electro-mechanical brake ; electronic wedge brake ; electro-hydraulic brake ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: This book consists of 12 original research articles and one comprehensive review from invited chemists from around the world covering different fields of chemistry. The article on analytical chemistry features the analysis of highly polar metabolites in biological fluids, the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with a gas chromatography coupled to ion trap mass spectrometry, and the synthesis of MoS2 nanostructures for the production of near-infrared photodetectors. The environmental chemistry articles include discussions on weekly and longitudinal elemental variability in hair samples, use of bottom ash as a stabilizing agent, the removal of phosphorus from the effluent of a paper company, and the chemistry and consequences of arsenic contamination of groundwater. Polymer/coating chemistry coverage includes the incorporation of superabsorbent polymers into cementitious-based composite materials, the use of licorice root extracts for edible coatings and postharvest quality improvement, and the use of mucin-grafted polyethylene glycol-based micro- for the oral delivery of insulin. The reported research on nanomaterials chemistry covers the synthesis of ZnO-doped ceria nanorods made up of CeO2/ZnO mixed oxides, and the production of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic bonded joints with novel carbon nanotube (CNT) adhesive films. A final paper on flavonol chemistry utilizes LC-MS/MS to investigate the stability of four common types of dietary flavonols.
    Keywords: carbon nanotubes ; aging ; structural health monitoring ; water uptake ; adhesive film ; surfactant ; insulin ; mucin ; polyethylene glycol ; microparticles ; toxicology ; biomass production ; Chlorella vulgaris ; microalgae ; nutrients removal ; paper industry effluent ; effluent treatment ; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ; urine ; doping analysis ; dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) ; gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ; sewage sludge disposal ; municipal solid waste ; co-combustion ; fly ash ; bottom ash ; heavy metal stabilization ; polar amino acids ; mixed cationic-RP column ; LC-HRMS ; BMAA ; TMAO ; flavonols ; H2O2 ; saliva ; metabolism ; oxidation ; LC-MS/MS ; CeO2/ZnO mixed oxides ; zinc oxide ; ceria nanorods ; oxygen storage capacity ; CO oxidation ; licorice ; chitosan ; edible coating ; strawberry shelf life ; rheological properties ; ultrasound-assisted extraction ; mechanical properties ; microstructure ; self-healing ; SAP ; microCT ; cementitious materials ; mortar ; hairs ; variability ; week ; longitudinal ; element ; metals ; INAA ; occupational exposure ; unexposed subject ; MoS2 ; microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis ; low-cost photosensors ; arsenic ; groundwater ; contamination ; water quality ; domestic filter systems ; health effects ; treatment methods ; Bangladesh ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: In the last few years, huge amounts of progress have been made regarding remote sensing in the field of computer vision. This success and progress is mostly due to the effectiveness of deep learning (DL) algorithms. In addition, the remote sensing community has shifted its attention to DL, and DL algorithms have been used to achieve significant success in many image analysis tasks. However, with regard to remote sensing, a number of challenges caused by difficulties in data acquisition and annotation have not been fully solved yet. This reprint is a collection of novel developments in the field of remote sensing using computer vision, deep learning, and artificial intelligence. The articles published involve fundamental theoretical analyses as well as those demonstrating their application to real-world problems.
    Keywords: tropical cyclone detection ; meteorological satellite images ; deep learning ; deep transfer learning ; generative adversarial networks ; image target detection ; multiple scales ; any angle object ; remote sensing of small objects ; point clouds ; 3D tracking ; state estimation ; Siamese network ; deep LK ; convolutional neural networks (CNNs) ; multilayer feature aggregation ; attention mechanism ; remote sensing image scene classification (RSISC) ; hyperspectral image classification ; variational autoencoder ; generative adversarial network ; crossed spatial and spectral interactions ; crater detection algorithm (CDA) ; R-FCN ; self-calibrated convolution ; split attention mechanism ; transfer learning ; remote sensing ; oriented object detection ; rotated inscribed ellipse ; remote sensing images ; keypoint-based detection ; gated aggregation ; eccentricity-wise ; object detection ; remote sensing image ; anchor free ; oriented bounding boxes ; deformable convolution ; three-dimensional radar imaging ; convolution neural network ; super-resolution ; side-lobe suppression ; terahertz radar ; aerial image generation ; satellite image generation ; structure map ; style vector ; high resolution image ; self-constructing graph ; semantic segmentation ; GAN ; image generation ; data augmentation ; remote sensing disaster image ; convolutional neural network ; double-stream structure ; feedback ; encoder–decoder network ; dense connections ; instance segmentation ; Swin transformer ; cascade mask R-CNN ; remote sensing image retrieval ; hashing algorithm ; binary code ; triplet ordinal relation preserving ; cross entropy ; feature distillation ; forest fire ; smoke segmentation ; Smoke-Unet ; residual block ; Landsat-8 ; band sensibility ; unsupervised domain adaptation ; bidirectional domain adaptation ; image-to-image translation ; generative adversarial networks (GANs) ; U-Net ; high-density laser scanning ; logging trails ; digital surface model ; canopy height model ; commercial thinning ; convolutional neural networks ; multiview ; satellite and UAV image ; joint description ; image matching ; neural network ; contextual information ; Anchor Free Region Proposal Network ; polar representation ; 3D object detection ; point cloud ; sampling ; single-stage ; rotated object detection ; angle-based detector ; angle-free framework ; rotated region of interests (RRoIs) ; representative points ; plastic ; UAVs ; contrastive learning ; mutual guidance ; spatial misalignment ; vehicle detection ; ANN ; automatic classification ; risk mitigation ; machine learning ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Additive manufacturing (AM) has been at the center of attention of studies and industry. The AM process involves gradual build-up in layers, and capability in the fabrication of complex shapes with low cost. Advances in the processing of polymers and polymer composites with this method are in the domain of this journal, which can provide a vital resource for anyone involved in additive manufacturing. This Special Issue cover original reviews and research articles dedicated to: AM processes of manufacturing and materials; Process–microstructure/morphology–properties relationships; Optimization of process parameters; Mechanical properties of fabricated parts; Modeling and simulation.
    Keywords: hybrid bio-inspired design ; nacre ; woodpecker beak ; mechanical performance ; failure mode ; finite element simulation ; Taguchi design ; ANOVA ; FFF ; response surface ; cylindricity ; process optimization ; polymer gear ; additive manufacturing ; differential pressure vacuum casting ; polyurethane resin ; abrasion ; fused filament fabrication ; temperature distribution modelling ; dynamic and static model ; thermal history ; impeller ; polymers ; polymer composites ; manufacturing process ; conventional manufacturing ; injection moulding ; performance ; face mask ; medical devices ; filtration performance ; 3D reconstruction ; customized implant ; PEEK ; accuracy evaluation ; finite element analysis ; 3D printing ; fused deposition modeling ; tensile testing ; infill rate ; crystallizable PET ; micromechanical model ; viscoplasticity ; temperature effect ; biaxial loading ; polylactic acid (PLA) ; dimensional deviation ; definitive screening design ; desirability function ; material extrusion ; rheological behavior ; mechanical properties ; temperature profile ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This Special Issue of Entropy, titled “Recent Advances in Single-Particle Tracking: Experiment and Analysis”, contains a collection of 13 papers concerning different aspects of single-particle tracking, a popular experimental technique that has deeply penetrated molecular biology and statistical and chemical physics. Presenting original research, yet written in an accessible style, this collection will be useful for both newcomers to the field and more experienced researchers looking for some reference. Several papers are written by authorities in the field, and the topics cover aspects of experimental setups, analytical methods of tracking data analysis, a machine learning approach to data and, finally, some more general issues related to diffusion.
    Keywords: diauxic growth ; replicator equation ; mesoscopic model ; integro-differential equations ; anomalous diffusion ; statistical analysis ; single-particle tracking ; trajectory classification ; fractional Brownian motion ; estimation ; autocovariance function ; neural network ; Monte Carlo simulations ; multifractional Brownian motion ; power of the statistical test ; machine learning classification ; feature engineering ; confinement ; information theory ; Brownian particle ; stochastic thermodynamics ; CTRW ; diffusing-diffusivity ; occupation time statistics ; wound healing dynamics ; single pseudo-particle tracking ; phase contrast image segmentation ; 3D single-particle tracking ; Fisher information ; non-uniform illumination ; SPT ; deep learning ; residual neural networks ; random walk ; heterogeneous ; endosomes ; single particle trajectory ; stochastic processes ; trapping ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This reprint presents groundbreaking discoveries, practical techniques, and rigorous analyses related to the cultivation, preparation, and exploitation of mycelium composites. The papers cover a wide range of topics, including functional modifications of mycelium with inorganic particles, modifying and assessing the mechanical properties of mycelium composites, strategies for improving the flexural behaviour of composites, beehives from fungal materials, bio-welding and reinforcement of composites, bioreactors for fungal production, co-production of composites by fungi and bacteria, growing large-scale mycelium structures, sound absorption by composites, and the geometrical parameterisation of fungi. This informative compendium of techniques, methods, and insights on growing fungal material appeals to readers from all walks of life, from high school pupils to university professors, from mathematicians, computer scientists, and engineers to chemists, from craft practitioners to industrial producers of fungal materials, and from biologists to architects and artists.
    Keywords: mycelium-based composites ; additive manufacturing ; bio-based materials ; circular construction ; digital fabrication ; mycelium ; bio-composites ; bio-fabrication ; ultrasonic welding ; wood printing ; robotic fabrication ; reinforced composites ; natural fiber reinforced polymers ; NFRP ; growing materials ; rattan ; lightweight structure ; architecture ; structural design ; computational design ; subtractive manufacturing ; circular economy ; compressive structures ; compressive strength ; digital image correlation ; masonry ; growth ; mechanical properties ; materials science ; mycelium-based composite ; biomaterials ; natural composites ; bacterial cellulose ; biocompatibility ; knitted fabric ; material tinkering ; lignocellulosic fibers ; natural fiber reinforcement ; mechanical characteristics ; manufacturing variables ; nanoclay ; fungal fruiting bodies ; parametric design thinking ; plasticity ; linearity ; non-linearity ; biohybrid architecture ; bio fabrication ; living architecture ; beehive ; 3D printing ; mycelium materials ; symbiosis ; multispecies architecture ; healthy materials ; binding capacity ; bio-adhesives ; building biomaterials ; fungal mycelium ; mechanical performance ; acoustic materials ; sound absorption ; fungal architecture ; myceliated material ; living material ; sustainability ; biotechnology ; compression ; bending ; waste upcycling ; mycoremediation ; myco-materials ; myco-fabrication ; sustainable buildings ; sustainable structures ; architectural design ; material ethics ; modular chain bioreactor ; solid-state fermentation ; mycelium production ; Ganoderma lucidum ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This reprint focusses on Smartness, a multidisciplinary topic, which is examined from four perspectives: Sensors, IoT, and Data Generation; Data and Information Processing; Actuation; and Digital Systems and Infrastructure. We see smartness in the way sensing is embedded in a system, the way data and information are processed, how a system interacts internally and with its environment, and whether a system is ubiquitous or limited by space (cloud-based or edge-enabled). This reprint contains a total of 14 chapters, which are grouped according to their areas of application: mobility and transportation, healthcare, industrial environments, and other urban infrastructures. This book covers a range of topics, including mobility; healthcare; image analysis; permeable pavements; solid-waste management; sensor node and gateway architectures; cloud, fog, and edge computing; air-quality monitoring; thermal anomalies and smart helmets in industrial environments; smart airports; smart districts; smart travel choices; sensor cities; artificially intelligent cities; platform urbanism; and more.
    Keywords: artificial intelligence (AI) ; artificially intelligent city ; artificially intelligence commons ; smart city ; smart urban technology ; urban informatics ; sustainable urban development ; climate change ; pandemics ; natural disasters ; sensor city ; City 4.0 ; smart urbanism ; smart governance ; disruptive urban transition ; Internet-of-Things (IoT) ; technology giants ; sensors ; transit ; bus ; transfer ; smart card ; spatial analysis ; mode choice ; internet of everything (IoE) ; 6th generation (6G) networks ; artificial intelligence ; Distributed AI as a Service (DAIaaS) ; fog computing ; edge computing ; cloud computing ; smart airport ; smart districts ; PPE ; OHS ; risk detection ; naive Bayes ; support vector machine ; convolutional neural network ; deep learning ; microcontroller ; edge-fog-cloud computing ; Internet of Things ; robotics ; autonomous driving ; image registration ; smart sensor ; real time big data ; land-use ; air quality ; particulate matter (PM10 PM2.5) ; Intelligent Transportation Systems ; functional requirements ; machine learning ; model actionability ; model evaluation ; cloud server ; customized sensor node ; customized gateway ; FLoRa simulation ; LoRa range radio ; solid waste management ; smart cities ; big data ; event detection ; road traffic ; distributed machine learning ; automatic labeling ; social media ; data analytics ; social media analytics ; Arabic tweets ; 3D microstructure reconstruction ; permeable pavement ; generative adversarial networks ; tiny AI ; tiny ML ; distributed AI as a service (DAIaaS) ; skin disease diagnosis ; healthcare ; smart societies ; smart healthcare ; reference architecture ; TensorFlow ; visually impaired ; smart mobility ; LiDAR ; ultrasonic ; obstacle detection ; obstacle recognition ; assistive tools ; green computing ; sustainability ; Arduino Uno ; smart app ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Coastal regions are susceptible to rapid changes, as they constitute the boundary between the land and the sea. The resilience of a particular segment of coast depends on many factors, including climate change, sea-level changes, natural and technological hazards, extraction of natural resources, population growth, and tourism. Recent research highlights the strong capabilities for remote sensing applications to monitor, inventory, and analyze the coastal environment. This book contains 12 high-quality and innovative scientific papers that explore, evaluate, and implement the use of remote sensing sensors within both natural and built coastal environments.
    Keywords: big data applications ; data processing ; data visualization ; neural networks ; reduction ; coastal waters ; urban expansion ; remote sensing and GIS ; expansion types and rates ; major explanatory factors ; Miami metropolitan area ; cliff coastlines ; cliff retreat ; time-series analysis ; airborne laser scanner ; warm upwelling ; sea surface temperature ; numerical modelling ; winter ; southern Baltic Sea ; beach monitoring ; mobile terrestrial LiDAR ; intensity calibration ; beach surface moisture ; Baltic coast ; Poland ; CORINE Land Cover ; land cover flow ; urbanisation ; afforestation ; deforestation ; spatial analysis ; SDGs ; coastal habitats ; ecosystem monitoring ; land cover mapping ; random forest algorithm ; Sentinel-2 ; modified soil-adjusted vegetation index 2–MSAVI2 ; normalized difference water index 2–NDWI2 ; brightness index 2–BI2 ; oil spill ; remote sensing ; review ; machine learning ; deep learning ; trajectory modeling ; vulnerability assessment ; coastal geomorphology ; shoreline change ; coastal process ; monitoring ; geomatic techniques ; Po River Delta ; archival multi-temporal data ; coastline changes ; emerged/submerged surfaces ; land subsidence ; relative sea level rise 2100 ; land cover ; dune coast ; air photograph ; South Baltic Sea ; coastal monitoring ; estuaries ; IoT ; lidar ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Agricultural production management is facing a new era of intelligence and automation. With developments in sensor technologies, the temporal, spectral, and spatial resolution from ground/air/space platforms have been notably improved. Optical sensors play an essential role in agriculture production management. Specifically, monitoring plant health, growth conditions, and insect infestation has traditionally involved extensive fieldwork. We believe that sensors, artificial intelligence, and machine learning are not simply scientific experiments but opportunities to make our agricultural production management more efficient and cost-effective, further contributing to the healthy development of natural–human systems. This reprint compiles the latest research on optical sensors and machine learning in agricultural monitoring, including related topics: Machine learning approaches for crop health, growth, and yield monitoring; Combined multisource/multi-sensor data to improve the crop parameters mapping; Crop-related growth models, artificial intelligence models, algorithms, and precision management; Farmland environmental monitoring and management; Ground, air, and space platforms application in precision agriculture; Development and application of field robotics; High-throughput field information survey; Phenological monitoring.
    Keywords: soil moisture content ; spectral processing technology ; hyperspectral ; principal component analysis ; feature parameters extraction ; yield estimation ; rice ; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ; tasseled cap transformation ; precision agriculture ; weed identification ; YOLOv4-Tiny ; attention mechanism ; multiscale detection ; angle normalization ; vegetation canopy reflectance ; geostationary satellite ; path length correction ; Minnaert model ; GOCI ; winter wheat ; LSTM ; LAI ; deep learning ; land use ; land cover ; classification ; random forest ; Sentinel data ; SRTM ; feature selection ; accuracy ; validation ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; soybean ; convolutional neural network ; multispectral imagery ; fusarium head blight ; texture indices ; machine learning ; cropland ; multi-seasonal ; fractal feature ; feature extraction ; accuracy evaluation ; black soil ; UAV ; chlorophyll ; fractional vegetation cover ; maturity monitoring ; anomaly detection ; smart agriculture ; detection of apple leaf diseases ; YOLOv5 ; transformer ; CBAM ; crop type classification ; multi-temporal ; remote sensing ; dairy cows ; body condition score ; 3D TOF sensor ; non-contact evaluation ; recognize area of interest ; sugarcane clones ; canopy cover ; light interception ; biomass ; cane yield ; peanut southern blight ; reflection spectrum ; spectral index ; continuous wavelet transform ; VGNet ; corn diseases ; leaf detection ; lightweight ; transfer learning ; agriculture ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Cement and lime currently are the most common binders in building materials. However, alternative materials and methods are needed to overcome the functional limitations and environmental footprint of conventional products. This Special Issue dedicated to “New frontiers in cementitious and lime-based materials and composites” gathers selected reviews and experimental articles that showcase the most recent trends in this multidisciplinary field. Authoritative contributions from all around the world provide important insights into all areas of research related to cementitious and lime-based materials and composites, spanning from structural engineering to geotechnics, including materials science and processing technology. This Topical Collection is intended to foster innovation and help researchers and developers to identify new solutions for a more sustainable and functional built environment.
    Keywords: durability ; hardened properties ; green composite ; fresh properties ; recycled concrete aggregates ; natural coarse aggregates ; enzyme-induced calcite precipitation ; microbial-induced calcite precipitation ; geotechnical engineering ; geoenvironmental engineering ; precast concrete wall ; interfacial bonding strength ; joint concrete ; interface processing ; washed rough surface ; roughness ; storage time ; cement mortar ; End-of-Life Tyre ; waste ; surface treatment ; compressive strength ; flexural strength ; workability ; fly ash ; freezing shaft sinking ; shaft lining structure ; uneven pressure ; hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete ; crack ; autogenous self-healing ; curing conditions ; supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) ; GRC-PC ; integrated wall panels ; composite method ; shrinkage properties ; dissipation energy density ; high-strength concrete ; Weibull distribution ; damage mechanics ; constitutive model ; repeated impact ; ACI 544-2R ; high temperatures ; fire ; residual strength ; lime-cement mortar ; air-entrained agent ; heritage conservation ; reconstruction and restoration of historical buildings ; properties ; mechanical ; electrical resistivity ; ecofriendly ternary concrete ; SCBA ; SF ; coastal cemented soil ; nano silica ; iron tailings ; mechanical properties ; microscopic mechanism ; granite dust ; stabilizer ; particle size ; plasticity ; unconfined compression strength ; cement ; lime ; sustainable materials ; fibre-reinforced composite ; recycled aggregates ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint contains several articles where the molecular mechanisms and structural changes in target proteins on interaction with various viruses and bacteria were studied. In addition, drug-protein interactions, drug–drug interaction mechanisms, anti-Glycating, antioxidant, binding affinity, network pharmacology-driven investigations, and targeted anticancer treatments were also investigated.
    Keywords: RSV ; ectodomain G protein ; heparan sulfate ; protein–ligand interaction ; fluorescence quenching ; molecular docking ; molecular dynamic simulation ; quercetin ; CCL4 ; neurotoxicity ; VirtualToxLab ; oxidative stress markers ; Huperzine A ; molecular dynamics simulation ; fluorescence spectroscopy ; human serum albumin ; neurodegenerative disorders ; drug–protein interactions ; erlotinib ; bovine serum albumin ; binding interaction ; competition ; hepatitis E virus ; methyltransferase ; protein stability ; enzyme assay ; garlic ; antioxidant ; anti-glycation ; glycation ; AGEs ; HSA ; quetiapine ; hydrophobic interaction ; thermodynamic parameters ; seproxetine ; antidepressant ; charge transfer ; π-acceptors ; DFT ; haloperidol ; antipsychotics ; keratoconus ; MMP-2 ; MMP-9 ; molecular dynamics ; MM-GBSA calculations ; pharmacophore mapping ; α-amylase ; advanced glycation end-products ; caffeic acid ; coumaric acid ; coronary artery disease ; phytotherapy ; network pharmacology ; angiogenesis ; zebrafish ; dynamics molecular docking ; NEK7 ; virtual screening ; DFTs ; deep learning ; drug design ; drug repurposing ; structural-based ; cancer ; A. aspera ; β-amyrin ; C. gigantea ; C. procera ; GC-MS ; Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ; Molecular docking ; MD simulations ; Tuberculosis (TB) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: There is increasingly intensive research for energy storage technologies development due to the enhanced energy needs of the contemporary societies. Increased global energy consumption results in the reduction in the availability of traditional energy resources, such as coal, oil and natural gas. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new systems development based on the conversion and storage of sustainable and clean energy. Phase change materials (PCMs) are one of the key components for the development of advanced sustainable solutions in renewable energy and engineering systems. In order to update the field of renewable energy and engineering systems with the use of PCMs, a Special Issue entitled “Phase Change Materials: Design and Applications” is introduced. This book gathers and reviews the collection of ten contributions (nine articles and one review), with authors from Europe, Asia and Americam accepted for publication in the aforementioned Special Issue of Applied Sciences.
    Keywords: phase change materials ; thermal energy storage ; energy efficiency ; building applications ; construction materials ; phase-change material ; dispersion ; thermal-mechanical stability ; viscosity ; supercooling ; nucleating agent ; cold storage ; battery cooling ; LPMO ; Fourier Transform ac Voltammetry (FTacV) ; cyclic voltammetry ; Direct Electron Transfer (DET) ; lathrate hydrate ; tetrabutylammonium acrylate (TBAAc) ; crystal growth ; ultrasonic vibration ; polyurethane elastomers ; microencapsulated PCMs ; thermal properties ; mechanical properties ; phase change material ; sugar alcohol ; erythritol ; latent heat storage ; thermal stability ; degradation kinetics ; PCM ; mini-channels ; air ; melting ; solidification ; latent heat thermal energy storage ; phase change materials (PCM) ; macro-encapsulation ; rectangular slab ; experimental study ; sodium nitrate ; thermal conductivity ; microencapsulation ; latent heat ; multicriteria decision ; finite element ; automotive ; energy storage ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint includes impactful chapters related to document-image related visual sensing, which do present and comprehensively discuss selected scientific concepts, frameworks, architectures and ideas on sensing technologies and machine-learning techniques. Indeed, document imaging/scanning approaches are essential techniques for digitalizing documents in various real-world contexts. This reprint emerging from the Special Issue "Document-Image Related Visual Sensors and Machine Learning Techniques” can be viewed as a result of the crucial need for document management systems. Such technologies are being applied in various fields or different domains and parts of the world to address relevant challenges that could not be addressed without the advances made in these technologies. The reprint includes impactful chapters that present scientific concepts, frameworks, architectures and innovative ideas on sensing technologies and machine-learning techniques to overcome a series of key challenges related to document imaging/scanning, text detection, text recognition, and documents clustering.
    Keywords: feature learning ; incomplete multimedia data ; fuzzy c-means ; variational autoencoder ; multispectral imaging ; document scanning ; portable sensor ; depth image filtering ; point clouds filtering ; Kinect v2 ; depth resolution ; close range ; hand pose ; image binarization ; optical character recognition ; document images ; local thresholding ; image pre-processing ; natural images ; scene text recognition ; visual sensor ; text position correction ; encoder-decoder network ; chart recognition ; deep learning ; visualization ; classification ; detection ; perspective correction ; house architecture type classification ; house type classification ; convolutional neural networks ; document classification ; feature selection ; data augmentation ; imbalanced dataset ; scene text detection ; multiple scales ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This Special Issue explores empirical studies of emotional mechanisms, qualitative and quantitative measurements of emotion, the recognition of emotional contexts, and the application of emotion. We introduce fourteen papers, ranging from lab-based studies aimed at understanding emotional mechanisms to applying emotion recognition in the real world (e.g., in driving, games, education, and virtual avatars). This Special Issue explores empirical studies of emotional mechanisms, qualitative and quantitative measurements of emotion, the recognition of emotional contexts, and the application of emotion. We introduce fourteen papers, ranging from lab-based studies aimed at understanding emotional mechanisms to applying emotion recognition in the real world (e.g., in driving, games, education, and virtual avatars).
    Keywords: speech emotion recognition ; domain adaptation ; SER generalization ; Korean Emotional Speech Database ; ensemble model ; multi-path ; group-loss ; BLSTM network ; facial micromovement ; emotion recognition ; emotion authenticity ; HRV parameter ; game addiction ; League of Legends ; stress response ; sensitivity ; specificity ; logistic regression ; facial action unit ; facial aging ; facial expression ; posed emotion ; virtual avatar ; virtual human ; virtual character ; embodied conversational agent ; social interaction ; empathy ; CNN ; cognitive workload ; functional connectivity analysis ; LSTM ; mental workload ; mutual information ; phase locking value ; phase transfer entropy ; deep learning ; facial expression recognition (FER) ; 3D convolutional neural network (3D CNN) ; multirate signal processing ; minimum overlapped frame structure ; self-attention ; multi-depth network ; video content empathy ; micro-movement synchronization ; non-contact empathy measurement ; empathic advertisement ; multimodal affective computing ; catecholamines ; emotion classification ; wearable devices ; deep neural networks ; multispectral imaging ; face recognition ; in the wild ; driver emotion recognition ; multimodal ; self-report ; real-world driving ; EEG ; learning emotions ; attention ; convolutional neural network ; multi-channel band features ; eye movement ; brain connectivity ; review ; human emotions ; affective and physiological states ; Plutchik’s wheel of emotions ; sensors ; methods and applications ; statistical and multiple criteria analysis ; country success and publications maps of the world ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Myxobacteria are fascinating and important prokaryotes. They have large genomes and exhibit a wide range of interesting behaviors, including multicellular fruiting body formation, social interaction, predation, and secondary metabolite production. Substantial progress is being made in understanding their ecological roles and the evolutionary forces that have shaped their phenotypes and behaviors. Novel species of myxobacteria are regularly described, often producing unusual metabolites and enzymes which can be of significant biotechnological interest. Molecular studies, ranging in subject from individual enzymes to entire ‘omes, continue to provide rich insights into myxobacterial biology. This collected volume brings together five research articles and three reviews, to provide a snapshot of current myxobacterial research in all its diversity.
    Keywords: carotenoids ; comparative genomics ; development ; fruiting body formation ; one-component systems ; quorum signalling ; two-component systems ; myxobacteria ; Myxococcales ; germination ; bacterial cell wall ; sporulation ; morphology ; photoreceptor ; photosensitizer ; photoregulation ; singlet oxygen ; plasmalogens ; CarF ; vitamin B12 ; CarH ; ECF-sigma ; CarD-CdnL ; microbial food web ; trophic interactions ; predator–prey interactions ; mesopredator ; social bacteria ; nematodes ; experimental community ; behavior ; Myxococcus sp. ; Corallococcus sp. ; Melittangium sp. ; Archangium sp. ; biosynthetic gene clusters ; Myxococcus xanthus ; phase contrast microscopy ; fluorescence microscopy ; aggregation ; rippling ; deep learning ; generative adversarial network ; pretator-prey coevolution ; antagonism ; mucoidy ; predatory bacteria ; bacterial predation ; prey diversity ; negative frequency dependence ; experimental evolution ; MyxoEE-6 ; functional genomics ; genome evolution ; genome organisation ; pan-genome ; proteomics ; taxonomy ; transcriptomics ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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  • 43
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Laser welding is a high-energy process used in a wide range of advanced materials to obtain micro- to macro-sized joints in both similar and dissimilar combinations. Moreover, this technique is widely used in several industries, such as automotive, aerospace, and medical industries, as well as in electrical devices. Although laser welding has been used for several decades, significant and exciting innovations often arise from both the process and/or advanced materials side.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; tensile strength ; microstructure ; aided electric current ; stainless steel ; accuracy ; porosity control ; laser offset welding ; T-joint ; BTi-6431S ; dissimilar metal ; finite element method ; weld pool behavior ; dissimilar welding ; WPP ; laser welds ; HLAW ; fiber laser ; steel S700MC ; conduction regime ; liquid metal ; buy-to-fly ; EBSD phase mapping ; mass transfer ; mechanical properties ; hardness ; MAG ; phase transformation ; prediction ; LKW ; Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr ; laser beam ; laser welding-brazing ; DP1000 steel ; Ti–6Al–4V ; titanium ; low alloyed steel ; H-shaped fusion zone ; pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam welding ; spatter ; high-speed imaging ; weld morphology ; high temperature titanium alloy ; Al/steel joints ; hybrid welding ; dissimilar material ; laser beam welding ; intermetallic layer ; WW ; L-joint ; penetration ; laser stake welding ; laser keyhole welding ; trip steel ; finite element analysis ; laser welding ; magnesium alloy thin sheet ; keyhole ; tensile properties ; dissimilar joining ; IMC layers ; SKM ; fiber laser welding ; aluminium ; dual phase steel ; aluminum alloy T-joint ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 44
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: After almost two decades of continuous development in bio, circular, and green economy, the time is ripe for the assessment of the major achievements and challenges that private and public enterprises face today to further enhance these global sustainability concepts. Due to the central role of political incentives for the development and implementation of environmentally friendly and sustainable practices, the present book project focuses on the nexus between public policies, institutions, quality of public sector management, and patterns of interaction between government and private businesses in backing bio, green, and circular economy practices and eco-innovation. In addition, the project also accommodates surveys that elaborate on the differences between the implementation of new organizational forms and scientific innovations in technologically advanced and developing settings.
    Keywords: energy demand ; renewable energy ; biomass ; energy policies ; organizational factors ; healthcare waste management practices ; public hospitals ; Libya ; consumers ; cluster analysis ; sustainable consumption ; mass media ; social media ; green hydrogen ; green hydrogen value chain ; developing countries ; renewable energy sources ; hydrogen strategy ; scaling ; upscaling ; scaling innovation ; innovation diffusion ; innovation ; systematic literature review ; garbage sorting ; urban garbage disposal ; rural garbage disposal ; willingness ; family life ; neighbourhood ; COVID-19 ; Pakistan economy ; economic scale ; Keynesian theory ; mitigation ; economic revival measures ; innovations ; renewable power ; rebound effect ; low-carbon economy ; carbon pricing policy ; border carbon tax ; Sino–US trade friction ; export grab effect ; firm innovation ; GDP prediction ; feature selection ; deep learning ; temporal convolutional network ; organizational sustainability ; social and economic sustainability ; knowledge sharing ; organizational agility ; organizational behavior ; sustainable organizations ; economic sustainability ; consumer experience ; sustainable commerce ; online consumer behaviour ; e-commerce platform ; online purchase intention ; online customer engagement ; energy security ; energy policy ; energy resources ; sustainability ; bibliometrics ; circular business model ; open business model ; sharing economy ; circular economy ; peer-to-peer ; electricity trading ; green product ; green consumer behavior ; environmental responsibility ; environmental concern ; green purchasing decisions ; green business ; consumption dimension ; production dimension ; financial dimension ; technological dimension ; fundraising campaigns ; social networking sites ; NPO ; humanitarian response ; Kuwait ; Bahrain ; Guatemala ; forest ; property rights ; community concession ; entrepreneurship ; forest sustainability ; economic development ; free-market environmentalism ; Latin America ; consumption coupons ; purchase probability ; inventory optimization ; minimum-cost maximum-flow ; bioeconomy ; green growth ; eco-innovation ; environmental Kuznets curve ; EKC ; environmental economics and policy ; ecological economics ; resource management ; sustainable development ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 45
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Wood composites have shown very good performance, and substantial service lives when correctly specified for the exposure risks present. Selection of an appropriate product for the job should be accompanied by decisions about the appropriate protection, whether this is by design, by preservative treatment or by wood modification techniques. This Special Issue, Advances in Wood Composites presents recent progress in enhancing and refining the performance and properties of wood composites by chemical and thermal modification and the application of smart nanomaterials, which have made them a particular area of interest for researchers. In addition, it reviews some important aspects in the field of wood composites, with particular focus on their materials, applications, and engineering and scientific advances, including solutions inspired biomimetrically by the structure of wood and wood composites. This Special Issue, with a collection of 13 original contributions, provides selected examples of recent Advances in Wood Composites
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; shear strength ; n/a ; buckling ; thermal property ; acetic anhydride ; WPC ; silicon carbide ; coating amount ; composite ; polymer-triticale boards ; wood ; activation volume ; oriented strand lumber (OSL) ; bending strength ; nanowollastonite ; VOCs ; wood-inorganic composites ; thermal modification ; wood plastic composite ; crystallinity ; sol-gel process ; wood adhesive ; straw ; mechanical properties ; bamboo ; plastic ; carbothermal reduction ; formaldehyde emissions ; cellulose ; graphene nano-platelets ; creep behavior ; surface properties ; dimensional stability ; nanocompounds ; UF resin ; tunnel-structured ; ceramic ; color ; water absorption ; high-density polyethylene film ; mechanical property ; aquacultural ; HDPE ; biorefinery lignin ; methyl methacrylate ; structural analysis ; sol–gel process ; polyurethane-acrylate ; mechanical and physical properties ; water-based UV curing coating ; oak (Quercus alba L.) ; dynamic thermodynamic ; stepped isostress method ; thermoplastic polymers ; sustainable adhesives ; finite element analysis ; rapid formaldehyde release ; adhesive penetration ; modulus of elasticity in bending ; Southwell’s method ; hydrophobicity ; Abaqus ; sepiolite ; chemical structure ; alder plywood ; wood panels ; particleboard properties ; chemical modification ; thickness swelling ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 46
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The need for energy is increasing and at the same time production from the conventional reservoirs is declining quickly. This requires an economically and technically feasible source of energy for the coming years. Among some alternative future energy solutions the most approachable source is from unconventional reservoirs. As the name “unconventional” implies it requires different and challenging approach to characterize and to develop such a resource. This special issue covers some of the technical challenges for developing unconventional energy sources from shale gas/oil, tight gas sand, and coalbed methane.
    Keywords: bedding fractures ; failure criterion ; lamina ; tight oil ; tight sandstone ; finite element simulation ; numerical simulation ; unconventional reservoir ; permeability ; group method of data handling ; artificial neural network ; well logs ; sensitivity analysis ; tight gas reservoir ; multi-fractured horizontal well (MFHW) ; unstable productivity model ; productivity forecast ; influencing factor analysis ; horizontal well with multiple finite-conductivity fractures ; elliptical-shaped drainage ; productivity index ; non-Darcy flow ; pressure-dependent conductivity ; reservoir properties ; void space structure ; porosity ; complex rocks ; NMR ; MICP ; CT ; SEM ; coal-bearing tight sandstone ; organic-rich clasts ; occurrence ; classifications ; formation mechanisms ; Ordos Basin ; hydraulic fracturing ; fracturing fluids ; fluids-rock interaction ; environmental implication ; history matching ; semianalytic model ; unconventional gas reservoirs ; multistage fractured horizontal wells ; fractal theory ; pore structure ; heterogeneity ; NMR measurements ; multifractal analysis ; shale reservoir ; elastic properties ; brittleness ; rock physics ; brittle spot identification ; shale gas ; reservoir characteristics ; gas content ; eastern Sichuan Basin ; the Da’anzhai member ; pulse decay method ; gas adsorption ; dual media ; unconventional core ; natural fracture ; influencing factor ; oil production ; carbonate rock ; basement reservoir ; Jizhong Sub-basin ; dynamic pore network modeling ; shale reservoirs ; water imbibition ; discrete element method ; modified fluid-mechanical coupling algorithm ; injection sequence ; well spacing ; stress shadow effect ; seismic location ; microseismic events ; waveform stacking ; induced seismicity ; CBM ; surfactant ; solid-free drilling fluid ; CBM reservoir wettability ; machine learning ; lithofacies ; umiat ; Alaska ; proppant transportation ; cross fractures ; CFD simulation ; dimensional analysis ; equilibrium proppant height ; coalbed methane ; Lattice Boltzmann method ; gas diffusion ; adsorption–desorption ; pore-scale ; clay minerals ; pore structures ; tight gas reservoirs ; Xujiaweizi Rift ; Northern Songliao Basin ; methane adsorption isotherm ; coal properties ; gradient boosting decision tree ; estimation model ; shale gas reservoir ; geology ; Gibbs excess adsorption ; supercritical adsorption ; gas viscosity ; high voltage spark discharge ; electrohydraulic effect ; electrical conductivity ; drilling ; rock damage ; pressure waves ; water fracturing ; turbulence effect ; Eulerian multiphase modeling ; proppant transport mechanism ; equilibrium height prediction model ; adaptive filtering ; complex noise canceling ; electromagnetic telemetry ; multifractured horizontal wells ; production analysis ; irregular stimulated region ; natural gas hydrate ; seismic modeling ; fractional derivatives ; gas geochemical characteristics ; noble gas ; shale gas evolution ; Large Igneous Province (LIP) ; gas loss ; geological structure ; gas controlling pattern ; neutral surface ; tectonic movement ; Bumu region ; seismic interpretation ; depositional environments characteristics ; Wheeler diagram ; seismic attributes ; heterogeneous sequence ; sample size ; neutron scattering ; mercury injection capillary pressure ; adsorption ; shale ; junggar basin ; hong-che fault zone ; carboniferous ; volcanic reservoir ; main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation ; fracture ; vug ; micro CT ; carbonate ; wave velocity ; amorphous SiO2 ; X-ray diffraction ; X-ray fluorescence spectrometry ; scanning electron microscope ; quantitative analysis ; void ratio ; FEM ; ABAQUS ; matrix porosity ; kerogen porosity ; water saturation ; gas hydrate ; saturation ; deep learning ; recurrent neural network ; molecular simulation ; enhanced oil recovery ; methane ; shale petroleum ; technological development ; patent ; network analysis ; imbibition ; osmosis ; unconventional formations ; EOR ; water flooding ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 47
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: The concept of remote sensing as a way of capturing information from an object without making contact with it has, until recently, been exclusively focused on the use of Earth observation satellites.The emergence of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) controlled navigation and sensor-carrying capabilities has increased the number of publications related to new remote sensing from much closer distances. Previous knowledge about the behavior of the Earth's surface under the incidence different wavelengths of energy has been successfully applied to a large amount of data recorded from UAVs, thereby increasing the special and temporal resolution of the products obtained.More specifically, the ability of UAVs to be positioned in the air at pre-programmed coordinate points; to track flight paths; and in any case, to record the coordinates of the sensor position at the time of the shot and at the pitch, yaw, and roll angles have opened an interesting field of applications for low-altitude aerial photogrammetry, known as UAV photogrammetry. In addition, photogrammetric data processing has been improved thanks to the combination of new algorithms, e.g., structure from motion (SfM), which solves the collinearity equations without the need for any control point, producing a cloud of points referenced to an arbitrary coordinate system and a full camera calibration, and the multi-view stereopsis (MVS) algorithm, which applies an expanding procedure of sparse set of matched keypoints in order to obtain a dense point cloud. The set of technical advances described above allows for geometric modeling of terrain surfaces with high accuracy, minimizing the need for topographic campaigns for georeferencing of such products.This Special Issue aims to compile some applications realized thanks to the synergies established between new remote sensing from close distances and UAV photogrammetry.
    Keywords: unmanned aerial vehicle ; urban LULC ; GEOBIA ; multiscale classification ; unmanned aircraft system (UAS) ; deep learning ; super-resolution (SR) ; convolutional neural network (CNN) ; generative adversarial network (GAN) ; structure-from-motion ; photogrammetry ; remote sensing ; UAV ; 3D-model ; surveying ; vertical wall ; snow ; remotely piloted aircraft systems ; structure from motion ; lidar ; forests ; orthophotography ; construction planning ; sustainable construction ; urbanism ; BIM ; building maintenance ; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ; structure-from-motion (SfM) ; ground control points (GCP) ; accuracy assessment ; point clouds ; corridor mapping ; UAV photogrammetry ; terrain modeling ; vegetation removal ; unmanned aerial vehicles ; power lines ; image-based reconstruction ; 3D reconstruction ; unmanned aerial systems ; time series ; accuracy ; reproducibility ; orthomosaic ; validation ; drone ; GNSS RTK ; precision ; elevation ; multispectral imaging ; vegetation indices ; nutritional analysis ; correlation ; optimal harvest time ; UAV images ; monoscopic mapping ; stereoscopic plotting ; image overlap ; optimal image selection ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 48
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In the last decade, design and material innovations for manufacturing composites have reached new heights. Thermoplastic polymers and their composites have become the most in-demand materials in recent times as they provide numerous advantages over thermoset composites. Thermoplastic polymers have a high damage tolerance, high impact resistance, recyclability, formability, weldability, repairability, and cost-effectiveness compared with thermoset composites. Thermoplastic polymers and composites are widely used in automotive, aerospace, electrical and electronics, industrial, and medical applications. Thermoplastic composites are estimated to grow from USD 28.0 billion in 2019 to USD 36.0 billion by 2024. High-performance thermoplastic materials are used in conjunction with a multitude of manufacturing processes like injection moulding, thermoforming, prepreg, liquid injection processes, automated tape placement, filament winding, pultrusion, additive manufacturing, and other processes. The material limits, design, and assembly requirements, as well as the processing constraints, are significantly important for the realisation of novel product development using a manufacturing process by simultaneously optimising reliability, safety, and other performance-related issues. The current thermoplastic material systems and manufacturing techniques still have plenty of room for optimisation and advancement. This reprint presents the latest scientific and technical advances in thermoplastic materials and their composites, processing, characterisation, product development, and manufacturing process parameter optimisations.
    Keywords: thermoplastic composites ; automated tape placement ; fibre misalignment ; voids ; CT scan ; circular distribution ; textured surface ; scratch ; scratch resistance ; thermoplastic polymer ; finite element modelling ; antimicrobial ; metallic ions ; ligand ; copper nanoparticles ; polypropylene ; thermoplastic resin ; process modeling ; filament winding ; automated fiber placement ; EWF ; polymer-layered silicates ; oMMT ; clay minerals ; mechanical properties ; nanocomposite ; physio-thermo-mechanical properties ; polyurethane ; polymers ; bio-applications ; energetic binder ; block copolyurethane ; sensitivity ; mechanical property ; thermal behavior ; bone scaffold ; recycled bone powder ; chitosan ; PLA ; PCL ; antibacterial activity ; aircraft cabin interior panels ; optimal curing of prepregs ; foams ; non-structural composite panels ; thermoplastic starch ; nanocomposites ; biopolymers ; properties ; packaging ; nanofiller ; vacuum forming ; thermoplastic face sheets ; polyphenylene sulfone ; cardo fragments ; IR spectroscopy ; heat resistance ; thermostability ; FDM ; oil palm fiber ; ABS ; rheology ; 4D printing ; material programming ; digital fabrication ; shape-memory polymers ; PPS ; carbon nanotubes ; thermal analysis ; electrical properties ; rheological properties ; resin transfer molding ; non-crimp fabrics ; consolidation ; ultra-high molecular weight component ; rheological property ; crystallization behavior ; polyimide foam ; rigid closed-cell foam ; high temperature ; benzimidazole ; polyamide 12 ; carbon nanofiller ; carbon nanotube ; graphene nanoplatelet ; 3D printing ; thermal conductivity ; compound ; fluorinated aromatic polyimide ; low dielectric loss ; molecular chain orientation ; molecular dynamics simulation ; long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic ; fiber length ; fiber orientation ; injection molding ; hollow composite tubes ; bending ; failure mechanisms ; in situ consolidation ; void content ; processing parameters ; thermosetting resins ; thermoplastics ; co-bonding ; interphase ; diffusion ; adhesion ; phosphorescent composites ; compatibilizer ; thermal and mechanical ; composite ; thermoplastic ; thermoforming ; simulation ; Taguchi ; DOE ; oil palm fiber composites ; 3D composites ; thermoset ; off-axis flexure behaviour ; on-axis flexure behaviour ; hybrid fibers ; hybrid composites ; vacuum assisted resin infusion (VARI) ; fracture toughness ; fractography ; reinforcements ; thermal properties ; biobased polymer composites ; polymer modification ; PBAT ; starch ; microcrystalline cellulose ; biodegradable ; polyethylene glycol ; poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) ; supercritical CO2 ; foam ; thermoplastic matrix composites ; impregnation processes ; manufacturing ; fiber reinforced ; processing ; retrogradation ; extrusion ; co-plasticization ; isosorbide ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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  • 49
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of testing of different materials and elements in civil engineering, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in concrete elements and structures, and acoustic methods predominate in this field. As in medicine, the trend is towards designing test equipment that allows one to obtain a picture of the inside of the tested element and materials. Interesting results with significance for building practices were obtained.
    Keywords: rock bolt ; grouting quality ; dynamic response ; natural frequency ; finite element method ; monitoring ; historical masonry wall ; hygrothermal processes ; internal insulation ; testing of building materials ; test uncertainty ; validation of test methods ; sustainable test methods ; recycling ; foamed asphalt mixtures with cement (FAC) ; base layer ; reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) ; fatigue durability ; GFRP ; FRP reinforcement ; shear ; capacity ; reinforced concrete beams ; column ; stiffness ; FRCM ; PBO mesh ; PBO–FRCM ; carpentry joints ; scarf and splice joints ; stop-splayed scarf joints (‘bolt of lightning’) ; static behaviour ; experimental research ; concrete ; non-destructive testing ; ultrasounds ; ultrasonic tomography ; acoustic methods ; defects ; diagnostic ; detection ; convolutional neural networks ; transfer learning ; monitoring FBG ; power transmission tower ; civil engineering ; X-ray microtomography ; microstructure characteristics ; infiltration damage ; high-strength concrete ; steel fibres ; flexural tensile strength ; fracture energy ; numerical analysis ; concrete floors ; compressive strength ; strength distribution ; industrial floors ; ultrasound tests ; ventilated facades ; large-scale facade model ; fire safety ; fiber cement board ; large-slab ceramic tile ; plasterboards ; moisture content ; hydration processes ; mechanical properties ; ultrasound measurements ; ESD resin ; expansion joint ; quasi-plastic material ; energy absorption ; asphalt mix ; compaction index ; volumetric parameters ; stiffness modulus ; moisture resistance ; roughness ; texture ; close-range photogrammetry ; bond strength ; random field generation ; semivariograms ; hybrid truss bridge ; steel–concrete connection joint ; mechanical behavior ; failure mode ; strain ; static test ; static elastic modulus ; dynamic elastic modulus ; machine learning ; P-wave ; S-wave ; resonance frequency test ; nondestructive method ; Al–Ti laminate ; fracture ; acoustic emission diagnostic ; pattern recognition ; clustering AE signal ; storage systems ; tab connector ; flexural test ; capable design moment ; restrained ring test ; autogenous shrinkage cracking ; concrete cracking test ; concrete shrinkage cracking test ; restrined ring calibration ; cement–fiber boards ; acoustic emission method ; k-means algorithm ; wavelet analysis ; fiber composites ; ground penetrating radar (GPR) ; HMA dielectric constant ; road pavement thickness estimation ; early age concrete ; damage processes detection before loading ; strength of structures ; aggregate ; classification ; wire mesh ; roundness ; tilting angle ; opening size ; concrete centrifugation ; morphology ; image processing ; porosity ; cement ; waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) ; controlled low-strength material (CLSM) ; unconfined compressive strength ; bearing capacity ; backfill material ; P-wave velocity ; amplitude attenuation ; resistivity ; CT scan ; sandstone ; damage variable ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; spin-lattice relaxometry ; proton ; hydration kinetics ; superplasticizer ; ready-mixed concrete ; construction material ; quality assessment ; conformity criteria ; statistical-fuzzy method ; FRTP ; rivet ; connection ; polyethylene pipe ; mechanical properties of polyethylene ; resistance strain ; computer simulation ; residual shear stress ; particle crushing ; ring shear test ; particle flow code (PFC2D) ; frictional work ; fibre-reinforced concrete ; recycled steel fibres ; micro-computed tomography ; scanning electron microscopy ; tensile strength ; reinforced concrete ; diagnostic testing ; corrosion ; carbonation ; galvanostatic pulse method ; phase composition analysis ; X-ray analysis ; thermal analysis ; quasi-brittle cement composites ; low-module polypropylene fibres ; elastic range ; digital image correlation ; Arcan shear test ; wood ; orthotropic shear modulus ; elastic-plastic material ; shear wave velocity ; sand ; bender elements test ; grain-size characteristics ; complex modulus ; shrinkage analysis ; reclaimed asphalt ; mineral–cement emulsion mixtures ; cement dusty by-products (UCPPs) ; degradation of glass panels ; effective area ratio ; relative mass loss ; visible light transmittance ; windblown sand ; wood-plastic composites ; methods of testing resistance to fungi ; methods of assessment ; ground-penetrating radar (GPR) ; non-destructive techniques (NDT) ; corrosion of reinforcement ; slip resistance ; granite floor ; slip resistance value ; ramp test ; acceptance angle ; sliding friction coefficient ; comparability of test methods ; wall temperature ; fibre bragg grating sensors ; freeze-thaw cycles ; signal analysis ; short-time Fourier transform ; fast Fourier transform ; brine ; sodium chloride ; X-ray ; partition walls ; brick walls ; bending strength ; cracking ; post-tension ; cable ; girder ; destructive test ; non-destructive test ; structural health monitoring ; safety ; monitoring fibre Bragg grating ; mining areas ; strain/stress distribution ; geopolymer concrete ; fly-ash ; bottom-ash ; neural network ; sustainability ; industrial waste management ; flexural strength ; cladding ; AE acoustic emission ; micro-events ; sound spectrum ; traditional and quasi-brittle cement composites ; residual-state creep ; saturation front ; landslides ; erosional stability ; laboratory testing ; grout mixtures ; groundwater ; test apparatus ; testing ; building materials ; elements ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 50
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Agriculture requires technical solutions for increasing production while lessening environmental impact by reducing the application of agro-chemicals and increasing the use of environmentally friendly management practices. A benefit of this is the reduction of production costs. Sensor technologies produce tools to achieve the abovementioned goals. The explosive technological advances and developments in recent years have enormously facilitated the attainment of these objectives, removing many barriers for their implementation, including the reservations expressed by farmers. Precision agriculture and ‘smart farming’ are emerging areas where sensor-based technologies play an important role. Farmers, researchers, and technical manufacturers are joining their efforts to find efficient solutions, improvements in production, and reductions in costs. This book brings together recent research and developments concerning novel sensors and their applications in agriculture. Sensors in agriculture are based on the requirements of farmers, according to the farming operations that need to be addressed.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; optical sensor ; spectral analysis ; response surface sampling ; sensor evaluation ; electromagnetic induction ; multivariate water quality parameters ; mandarin orange ; crop inspection platform ; SPA-MLR ; object tracking ; feature selection ; simultaneous measurement ; diseases ; genetic algorithms ; processing of sensed data ; electrochemical sensors ; thermal image ; ECa-directed soil sampling ; handheld ; recognition patterns ; salt concentration ; clover-grass ; bovine embedded hardware ; weed control ; soil ; field crops ; vineyard ; connected dominating set ; water depth sensors ; SS-OCT ; wheat ; striped stem-borer ; silage ; geostatistics ; detection ; NIR hyperspectral imaging ; electronic nose ; machine learning ; virtual organizations of agents ; packing density ; data validation and calibration ; dataset ; Wi-SUN ; temperature sensors ; geoinformatics ; gas sensor ; X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy ; vegetable oil ; photograph-grid method ; Vitis vinifera ; WSN distribution algorithms ; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; irrigation ; quality assessment ; energy efficiency ; wireless sensor network (WSN) ; geo-information ; Fusarium ; texture features ; weeds ; discrimination ; big data ; soil moisture sensors ; meat spoilage ; land cover ; stereo imaging ; near infrared sensors ; biological sensing ; compound sensor ; pest management ; moisture ; plant localization ; heavy metal contamination ; artificial neural networks ; spectral pre-processing ; moisture content ; apparent soil electrical conductivity ; data fusion ; semi-arid regions ; smart irrigation ; back propagation model ; wireless sensor network ; energy balance ; light-beam ; fluorescent measurement ; agriculture ; precision agriculture ; deep learning ; spectroscopy ; hulled barely ; dielectric probe ; RPAS ; water supply network ; rice leaves ; mobile app ; gradient boosted machines ; hyperspectral camera ; one-class ; nitrogen ; LiDAR ; total carbon ; chemometrics analysis ; rice ; agricultural land ; on-line vis-NIR measurement ; CARS ; obstacle detection ; stratification ; neural networks ; regression estimator ; Kinect ; proximity sensing ; distributed systems ; pest ; noninvasive detection ; texture feature ; soil mapping ; classification ; soil salinity ; visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy ; germination ; computer vision ; hyperspectral imaging ; diffusion ; dielectric dispersion ; UAS ; random forests ; case studies ; total nitrogen ; thermal imaging ; cameras ; dry matter composition ; near-infrared ; salt tolerance ; deep convolutional neural networks ; soil type classification ; water management ; preprocessing methods ; wireless sensor networks (WSN) ; remote sensing image classification ; precision plant protection ; radar ; spatial variability ; GF-1 satellite ; plant disease ; naked barley ; leaf area index ; CIE-Lab ; change of support ; radiative transfer model ; 3D reconstruction ; plant phenotyping ; vine ; near infrared ; vegetation indices ; remote sensing ; greenhouse ; time-series data ; scattering ; sensor ; crop area ; speckle ; spatial data ; grapevine breeding ; wide field view ; partial least squares-discriminant analysis ; spiking ; area frame sampling ; chromium content ; machine-learning ; RGB-D sensor ; pest scouting ; PLS ; Capsicum annuum ; spatial-temporal model ; drying temperature ; boron tolerance ; ambient intelligence ; laser wavelength ; fuzzy logic ; dynamic weight ; landslide ; management zones ; real-time processing ; event detection ; crop monitoring ; apple shelf-life ; rice field monitoring ; wireless sensor ; birth sensor ; proximal sensor ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 51
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: The use of telemedicine and mobile devices is growing, and sensors might aid in creating creative solutions. Developing these solutions is crucial for monitoring senior citizens, lifestyles, and medical procedures. This Special Issue’s goal was to bring together academics and professionals in healthcare and medicine interested in using information and communication technologies (ICT) to serve people with special needs. The development of assistive technology for various users to follow sports and other activities is strongly tied to this study area. Data protection is crucial, and the development of these solutions for medical uses should be verified. The security and privacy of the information may be tied to other recognized research projects for their acceptability. ICT research has considerably improved quality of life and has fully assimilated all citizens into society through medical rehabilitation and assistive technology. The technologies and research fields that influence medical informatics include databases, networking, graphical user interfaces, data mining, machine learning, intelligent decision support systems, and specialized programming languages. Because mobile devices are commonly used for several everyday chores and are equipped with sensors that monitor various physical and physiological indicators, it is crucial to encourage the development of m-Health and e-Health solutions for healthcare practitioners. In this area, several solutions are now being developed. In addition, they can collaborate with emerging technologies for social assistance while enhancing life quality.
    Keywords: data privacy ; taxonomy ; IoT ; COVID-19 ; mobile application ; accelerometer sensor ; stand-up time ; total time ; aging ; linear-map convolutional neural network ; direct acyclic graph ; action recognition ; spatial feature ; temporal feature ; frailty ; home monitoring ; user-centered design ; usability ; user experience ; acceptance ; activity recognition ; Internet of Things ; smart house ; deep learning ; channel state information ; glaucoma screening ; retinal images ; segmentation ; classification ; precision nutrition ; food plans ; machine learning ; food logging ; Eight Hop Test ; systematic review ; measurement ; sensors ; diseases ; wrist-wearable device ; PPG processing ; physiological parameters ; web-based applications ; data analysis ; elderly monitoring ; successful aging ; gerontechnology ; AAL ; healthcare ; prevalidation ; deployment ; chronic heart failure ; large-scale pilot ; H2020 ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNT Media, information & communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science
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  • 52
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Nowadays, forecast applications are receiving unprecedent attention thanks to their capability to improve the decision-making processes by providing useful indications. A large number of forecast approaches related to different forecast horizons and to the specific problem that have to be predicted have been proposed in recent scientific literature, from physical models to data-driven statistic and machine learning approaches. In this Special Issue, the most recent and high-quality researches about forecast are collected. A total of nine papers have been selected to represent a wide range of applications, from weather and environmental predictions to economic and management forecasts. Finally, some applications related to the forecasting of the different phases of COVID in Spain and the photovoltaic power production have been presented.
    Keywords: Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) ; IFS/ECMWF ; forecast ; evaluation ; DNI attenuation Index (DAI) ; bias correction ; nowcast ; meteorological radar data ; optical flow ; deep learning ; Bates–Granger weights ; uniform weights ; (REG) ARIMA ; ETS ; Hodrick–Prescott trend ; Google Trends indices ; Himalayan region ; streamflow forecast verification ; persistence ; snow-fed rivers ; intermittent rivers ; costumer relation management ; business to business sales prediction ; machine learning ; predictive modeling ; microsoft azure machine-learning service ; travel time forecasting ; time series ; bus service ; transit systems ; sustainable urban mobility plan ; bus travel time ; learning curve ; forecasting ; production cost ; cost estimating ; semi-empirical model ; logistic map ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; PV output power estimation ; PV-load decoupling ; behind-the-meter PV ; baseline prediction ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Nano/micro-size particles are widely applied in various fields. Among the various particles, silver particles are considered among the most prominent nanomaterials in the biomedical and industrial sectors because of their favorable physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Thus, numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate their properties and utilize them in various applications, such as diagnostics, anti-bacterial and anti-cancer therapeutics, and optoelectronics. The properties of silver particles are strongly influenced by their size, morphological shape, and surface characteristics, which can be modified by diverse synthetic methods, reducing agents, and stabilizers. This Special Issue provides a range of original contributions detailing the synthesis, modification, properties, and applications of silver materials. Nine outstanding papers describing examples of the most recent advances in silver nano/microparticles are included. Silver nano/micro-size particles have many potential advantages as next-generation materials in various areas, including nanomedicine. This Special Issue might be helpful to understand the value of silver particles in the biomedical and industrial fields
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; membrane ; bacteria ; cyclodextrin ; silver nanomaterial ; drug delivery ; transparent conductive film ; cytocompatibility ; surface free energy ; administration route ; sericin ; biosensor ; uptake ; substrate modification ; silver ion ; AgNPs ; mechanical properties ; cell culture ; titanium alloy ; Au–Ag alloy ; silver shell ; moderate sintering ; wound dressing ; polymer nanocomposite ; DNA damage ; surface morphology ; reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; flexible and printed electronics ; plants ; reactive oxygen species ; mechanism ; optoelectronics ; cytotoxicity ; photonic sintering ; synthesis ; silver nanoparticle ; doxorubicin (DOX) ; food packaging ; SERS detection ; nanomedicine ; antimicrobial activity ; nanogaps ; TNFR1 ; silica template ; silver ions release ; diagnostics ; phytotoxicity ; polydopamine ; silver nanoparticles ; tumor necrosis factor ; protective agent ; characterization ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In response to the demanding requirements of different sectors, such as construction, transportation, energy, manufacturing, and mining, new generations of microalloyed steels are being developed and brought to market. The addition of microalloying elements, such as niobium, vanadium, titanium, boron, and/or molybdenum, has become a key tool in the steel industry to reach economically-viable grades with increasingly higher mechanical strength, toughness, good formability, and weldable products. The challenges that microalloying steel production faces can be solved with a deeper understanding of the effects that these microalloying additions and combinations of them have during the different steps of the steelmaking process.
    Keywords: niobium microalloyed steel ; as-cast condition ; inclusion ; rare earth elements ; precipitation. ; steel ; thermomechanical processing ; microstructure characterisation ; mechanical properties ; molybdenum ; martensitic steel ; direct quenching ; microalloying ; hardenability ; toughness ; grain refinement ; Hall–Petch coefficient ; microalloy precipitates ; hydrogen embrittlement ; Ti-Mo steel ; hot deformation ; constitutive model ; microstructural evolution ; microalloyed steels ; processing ; microstructural and chemical composition ; micro-alloyed steels ; precipitations ; Zener pinning ; atomic force microscopy (AFM) ; precipitation-microstructure correlation ; EBSD ; reconstruction methods ; continuous casting ; energy absorption ; mechanical metallurgy ; niobium ; reheat process ; thermo-mechanical controlled processing ; plate rolling ; strengthening ; precipitation ; induction ; titanium ; advanced high strength steels ; HSLA steels ; precipitation strengthening ; tempering ; bainitic ferrite ; austenite-to-ferrite transformation ; hot-torsion test ; coiling simulation ; medium-carbon steel ; strength and toughness ; austenite ; abnormal grain growth ; cold-deformation ; precipitate ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This book presents recent advances in the field of bone tissue engineering, including molecular insights, innovative biomaterials with regenerative properties (e.g., osteoinduction and osteoconduction), and physical stimuli to enhance bone regeneration.
    Keywords: bone ; collagen type I ; alginate ; conditioned medium ; viability ; MSC ; osteogenesis ; pulsed electromagnetic field ; osteogenic factors ; wool keratin scaffolds ; bone tissue engineering ; biocompatibility ; biomaterials ; bone augmentation ; bone conduction ; bone grafting ; calcium hydroxyapatite ; tissue regeneration ; dental implants ; osseointegration ; osteoporosis ; zoledronate ; animal model ; titanium membrane ; titanium foil ; occlusive titanium barrier ; guided bone regeneration ; osteoporotic condition ; xenograft ; bone regeneration ; titanium implants ; additive manufacturing ; reused powder ; unit cell topology ; tissue engineering ; mechanical properties ; stem cells ; surface functionalization ; titanium ; protein adsorption ; surface modifications ; cell interactions ; collagen hydrogel ; cell delivery ; olfactory ectomesenchyme stem cells ; bioactive glasses ; alkali-free ; sol–gel ; bone remodeling ; bone disorders ; biomechanics ; scaffolds ; microenvironment ; 3D bioprinting ; computational modeling ; bone implant ; bone defects ; chitosan ; degree of deacetylation ; bone formation ; X-ray micro CT ; histology ; sheep tibia ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 56
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Remote image capture systems are a key element in efficient and sustainable agriculture nowadays. They are increasingly being used to obtain information of interest from the crops, the soil and the environment. It includes different types of capturing devices: from satellites and drones, to in-field devices; different types of spectral information, from visible RGB images, to multispectral images; different types of applications; and different types of techniques in the areas of image processing, computer vision, pattern recognition and machine learning. This book covers all these aspects, through a series of chapters that describe specific recent applications of these techniques in interesting problems of agricultural engineering.
    Keywords: SVM ; budding rate ; UAV ; geometric consistency ; radiometric consistency ; point clouds ; ICP ; reflectance maps ; vegetation indices ; Parrot Sequoia ; artificial intelligence ; precision agriculture ; agricultural robot ; optimization algorithm ; online operation ; segmentation ; coffee leaf rust ; machine learning ; deep learning ; remote sensing ; Fourth Industrial Revolution ; Agriculture 4.0 ; failure strain ; sandstone ; digital image correlation ; Hill–Tsai failure criterion ; finite element method ; reference evapotranspiration ; moisture sensors ; machine learning regression ; frequency-domain reflectometry ; randomizable filtered classifier ; convolutional neural network ; U-Net ; land use ; banana plantation ; Panama TR4 ; aerial photography ; remote images ; systematic mapping study ; agriculture ; applications ; total leaf area ; mixed pixels ; Cabernet Sauvignon ; NDVI ; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ; precision viticulture ; 3D model ; spatial vision ; fertirrigation ; teaching–learning ; spectrometry ; Sentinel-2 ; pasture quality index ; normalized difference vegetation index ; normalized difference water index ; supplementation ; decision making ; digital agriculture ; grape yield estimate ; berries counting ; Dilated CNN ; machine learning algorithms ; classification performance ; winter wheat mapping ; large-scale ; water stress ; Prunus avium L. ; stem water potential ; low-cost thermography ; thermal indexes ; canopy temperature ; non-water-stressed baselines ; non-transpiration baseline ; soil moisture ; andosols ; image processing ; greenhouse ; automatic tomato harvesting ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Due to their lightweight and high specific strength, Mg-based alloys are considered as substitutes to their heavier counterparts in applications in which corrosion is non-relevant and weight saving is of importance. Furthermore, due to the biocompatibility of Mg, some alloys with controlled corrosion rates are used as degradable implant materials in the medical sector. The typical processing route of Mg parts incorporates a casting step and, subsequently, a thermo–mechanical treatment. In order to achieve the desired macroscopic properties and thus fulfill the service requirements, thorough knowledge of the relationship between the microstructure, the processing steps, and the resulting property profile is necessary. This Special Issue covers in situ and ex situ experimental and computational investigations of the behavior under thermo–mechanical load of Mg-based alloys utilizing modern characterization and simulation techniques. The papers cover investigations on the effect of rare earth additions on the mechanical properties of different Mg alloys, including the effect of long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) structures, and the experimental and computational investigation of the effect of different processing routes.
    Keywords: magnesium alloys ; long period stacking ordered structures (LPSO) ; synchrotron radiation diffraction ; magnesium alloy ; low-speed extrusion ; microstructure evolution ; mechanical properties ; thermomechanical processing ; calcium addition ; disintegrated melt deposition ; processing map ; formability ; initial texture ; deformation mechanism ; texture evolution ; ductile damage ; GTN model ; magnesium ; in-situ ; deformation mechanisms ; deformation behaviour ; restoration mechanisms ; electron microscopy ; characterisation ; in-situ diffraction ; Mg-LPSO alloys ; neutron diffraction ; EBSD ; dislocation slip ; twinning ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Recent years have seen a vast development in various methodologies for object detection and feature extraction and recognition, both in theory and in practice. When processing images, videos, or other types of multimedia, one needs efficient solutions to perform fast and reliable processing. Computational intelligence is used for medical screening where the detection of disease symptoms is carried out, in prevention monitoring to detect suspicious behavior, in agriculture systems to help with growing plants and animal breeding, in transportation systems for the control of incoming and outgoing transportation, for unmanned vehicles to detect obstacles and avoid collisions, in optics and materials for the detection of surface damage, etc. In many cases, we use developed techniques which help us to recognize some special features. In the context of this innovative research on computational intelligence, the Special Issue “Advanced Computational Intelligence for Object Detection, Feature Extraction and Recognition in Smart Sensor Environments” present an excellent opportunity for the dissemination of recent results and achievements for further innovations and development. It is my pleasure to present this collection of excellent contributions to the research community. - Prof. Marcin Woźniak, Silesian University of Technology, Poland –
    Keywords: Traffic sign detection and tracking (TSDR) ; advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) ; computer vision ; 3D convolutional neural networks ; machine learning ; CT brain ; brain hemorrhage ; visual inspection ; one-class classifier ; grow-when-required neural network ; evolving connectionist systems ; automatic design ; bio-inspired techniques ; artificial bee colony ; image analysis ; feature extraction ; ship classification ; marine systems ; citrus ; pests and diseases identification ; convolutional neural network ; parameter efficiency ; vehicle detection ; YOLOv2 ; focal loss ; anchor box ; multi-scale ; deep learning ; neural network ; generative adversarial network ; synthetic images ; tool wear monitoring ; superalloy tool ; image recognition ; object detection ; UAV imagery ; vehicular traffic flow detection ; vehicular traffic flow classification ; vehicular traffic congestion ; video classification ; benchmark ; semantic segmentation ; atrous convolution ; spatial pooling ; ship radiated noise ; underwater acoustics ; surface electromyography (sEMG) ; convolution neural networks (CNNs) ; hand gesture recognition ; fabric defect ; mixed kernels ; cross-scale ; cascaded center-ness ; deformable localization ; continuous casting ; surface defects ; 3D imaging ; defect detection ; object detector ; object tracking ; activity measure ; Yolo ; deep sort ; Hungarian algorithm ; optical flows ; spatiotemporal interest points ; sports scene ; CT images ; convolutional neural networks ; hepatic cancer ; visual question answering ; three-dimensional (3D) vision ; reinforcement learning ; human–robot interaction ; few shot learning ; SVM ; CNN ; cascade classifier ; video surveillance ; RFI ; artefacts ; InSAR ; image processing ; pixel convolution ; thresholding ; nearest neighbor filtering ; data acquisition ; augmented reality ; pose estimation ; industrial environments ; information retriever sensor ; multi-hop reasoning ; evidence chains ; complex search request ; high-speed trains ; hunting ; non-stationary ; feature fusion ; multi-sensor fusion ; unmanned aerial vehicles ; drone detection ; UAV detection ; visual detection ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: The direction of fiber orientation plays a crucial role in deciding the mechanical performance of textile structural composites. Unlike conventional composite materials, geometrically oriented textile structures, e.g., woven, knitted, and braided constructions, can be designed and developed for load bearing in a particular direction. Their properties can be enhanced by modifying the geometry and material composition. One major challenge in producing textile structural composites with superior mechanical properties at a reasonably lower price is cost effective prepreg. Composites constructed from reinforcement having a well-defined geometry perform better than randomly oriented fibers at a reasonable cost. Their flex fatigue is superior to conventional preforms in specific applications. This Special Issue invites research as well as review articles dealing with different types of (2D, 3D, multiaxial) woven, knitted, and braided structures for load bearing structural composite applications. Use of industrial multifilament yarns of pure and hybrid composition in textile geometrical reinforcement structures can also be included. The methods of impregnation of such structures by thermoplastic and thermoset resins should be described. The superior performance in such structural composites must be highlighted. Methods of characterizing woven, knitted, and braided textile reinforced composites is the focus of this issue. Current and future applications of advanced textile structural composites can be summarized in the submitted articles. Theoretical (computational, numerical simulation etc.) as well as experimental work can be submitted with sufficient scientific innovation.
    Keywords: hybrid composite ; polyester waste fiber ; olive root fiber ; coir pith filler ; building materials ; mixture design analysis ; recycled cotton ; glass ; hollow knitted composite ; compression ; flexural modulus ; impact energy ; quasi-static test ; cyclic fatigue ; wavy-lap bond ; natural cotton fabric ; polymer composite ; mechanical properties ; service life ; safety ; SEM ; pressure-actuated cellular structure ; shape morphing ; compliant mechanism ; anisotropic flexure hinges ; textile-reinforced polymer composite ; integrally woven structure ; resin ; glass cloth ; substrate ; glass transition temperature ; surface finish ; pad cratering ; thermal resistance ; textile structural composite ; 3D weaving ; hollow structure ; spacer fabric ; woven honeycomb ; sandwich ; waste cotton ; impact ; flexural rigidity ; hybrid woven reinforcement ; preforming ; carbon-Kevlar ; epoxy resin ; add-on (%) ; amount of hardener (%) ; curing temperature ; curing time ; molding pressure ; fiber composites ; FRP ; architecture ; architectured materials ; hysteresis ; auxetic ; non-Newtonian fluids ; low-velocity impact ; personal protection ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Each year, natural hazards, such as earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, tsunamis, floods, wildfires, severe storms, and drought, , affect humans worldwide, resulting in deaths, suffering, and economic losses. According to insurance broker Aon, 2010–2019 was the worst decade on record for economic losses due to disasters triggered by natural hazards, amounting to USD 3 trillion, which is USD 1 trillion more than for the period of 2000–2009. In 2019, the economic losses from disasters caused by natural hazards were estimated at over USD 200 billion (UNDRR Annual Report, 2019). In this context, remote sensing shows high potential to provide valuable information, at various spatial and temporal scales, concerning natural processes and their associated risks. The recent advances in remote sensing technologies and analysis, in terms of sensors, platforms, and techniques, are strongly contributing to the development of natural hazards research. With this Special Issue titled “Remote Sensing for Natural Hazards Assessment and Control”, we proposed state-of-the-art research that specifically addresses multiple aspects on the use of remote sensing (RS) for Natural Hazards (NH). The aim was therefore to collect innovative methodologies, expertise, and capabilities to detect, assess, monitor, and model natural hazards. The present Special Issue of Remote Sensing encompasses 18 open access papers presenting scientific studies based on the exploitation of a broad range of RS data and techniques, as well as focusing on a well-assorted sample of NH types.
    Keywords: wildfires ; hillslope erosion ; satellite imagery ; rainfall erosivity ; RUSLE ; rockfall source areas ; identification ; relief ; slope angle ; rock mass strength ; rockfall susceptibility ; land subsidence ; Geographic Information System (GIS) ; InSAR ; machine learning algorithm ; meta-heuristics ; Iran ; k-Nearest Neighbor ; Random Forest ; fires ; Landsat 8 ; Sentinel 2 ; Terra ; ASTER ; MODIS ; burned ; mapping ; hazard chain ; turbidity ; suspended sediment detection ; extreme climate events ; tailing dam risk management ; spatiotemporal pattern mining ; El Niño ; remote sensing ; geographic information system ; flash floods ; visual analysis ; SAR offset tracking ; glacier surface velocity ; glacier instability ; glacier hazards ; ice avalanches ; ENSO ; glacier mass balance ; glacier surface energy ; earthquake ; coseismic effects ; field line resonance ; acoustic gravity waves ; lithosphere-magnetosphere coupling ; burnt area monitoring ; Australia ; Sydney ; wildfire ; earth observation ; mid-resolution sensors ; time series analysis ; burn severity ; climate zones ; deep learning ; PRISMA ; burned area ; Sentinel-2 ; morphological operator ; convolutional neural network ; casualty prediction ; importance assessment ; spatial division ; support vector regression ; digital image correlation ; phase correlation ; optical flow ; time series image stack ; landslides ; ground motion identification ; displacement mapping ; UAS ; risk assessment ; random forest ; DInSAR ; Yan’an city ; settlement prediction ; reclaimed land ; exponential model ; Asaoka method ; wide-area deformation ; deformation detection ; time-series InSAR ; stacking ; Turpan–Hami basin ; heavy rainfall ; shallow landslides ; TRIGRS model ; spatial distribution ; susceptibility assessment ; Longchuan County ; Guangdong Province ; MT-InSAR ; ground deformation monitoring ; Sentinel-1A/B ; image partition ; block adjustment ; Gaofen-2 ; Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) ; freeze–thaw processes ; permafrost ; Qilian Mountains ; natural hazards ; hazard ; vulnerability ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Transportation is one of the most crucial aspects across the world, supporting the daily life of human beings and the sustainable development of the whole of society. Generally, meteorology causes various impacts on transportation operation, safety and efficiency. In the context of global warming, increasing numbers of extreme weather and climate events (such as fog, icy roads, and extreme winds) have been detected worldwide and are expected to occur more frequently in the future. Meanwhile, extreme events, such as dense fog, rainstorm, and blizzard, tend to damage transportation and traffic facilities (such as express ways, port, airport, and high-speed railway) and induce serious traffic blocks and accidents. In recent decades, concentrated and continuous efforts have been made to carry out meteorological analyses regardless of urban traffic or transportation conditions, including those of highways, shipping, aviation, etc. A number of methods and techniques have been intensively developed to promote the qualities of both observations and forecasts. More recently, state-of-the-art machine learning frameworks have also been widely introduced into studies regarding transportation meteorology and many other fields.
    Keywords: transportation meteorology ; pavement temperature prediction ; deep learning ; BiLSTM ; attention mechanisms ; winter icing ; air pollution ; traffic vitality ; built environment ; spatial correlation ; spatial lag model ; phone signaling data ; air quality ; behavioral habits ; activity density ; population distribution ; land use mix ; wind forecast ; error decomposition ; bias ; distribution ; sequence ; urban meteorology ; observation ; forecast ; early warning ; review ; China ; low-level wind shear ; ensemble learning classifiers ; Bayesian optimization ; SHapley Additive exPlanations ; wind shear ; go-around ; machine learning ; dynamic ensemble selection ; civil aviation safety ; pilot reports ; self-paced ensemble ; Shapley additive explanations ; climate change ; climatology ; sea ice ; marginal sea ; East Asia ; time-series modeling ; pavement temperature ; nowcasting ; variation characteristics ; forecast validation ; relative humidity ; microwave radiometer data ; total rainfall ; precipitation duration ; vertical distribution ; Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region ; rail breakage ; frequency ; high-speed railway ; Siberian high ; teleconnection ; temperature ; Qinling mountains ; rainfall ; change characteristics ; geographical factors ; highways ; road blockage ; fuzzy analytic hierarchy process ; CRITIC weight assignment method ; road network vulnerability ; spatiotemporal distribution ; precipitation forecast ; ConvLSTM ; PredRNN ; expressway ; agglomerate fog ; risk level prediction of fog-related accidents ; meteorological conditions ; road hidden dangers ; traffic flow conditions ; visibility ; Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea ; observation data ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: There has been significant growth in branches of industry directly related to new materials, such as metals, polymers, and composite materials. Considering the increase in material costs, it has become exceedingly important to produce lightweight constructions through the use of certified materials with appropriate mechanical properties. Many composite materials, especially in building engineering, are characterized by the use of waste materials, allowing them to meet environmental demands and often also positively affecting the performance (as well as mechanical) properties of the whole construction. A similar phenomenon has been noticed in polymers and metals, with the “ecologically friendly” factor having increasing influence in such materials. The main aim of our Special Issue was to gather novel research results concerning different materials available for all important industries—building engineering, the heavy industry, automotive, aerospace, and medicine. Such a general title has been proposed to also include different manufacturing technologies using various materials—conventional (milling, casting, forming, and turning) and novel (hybrid and additive manufacturing).
    Keywords: additive manufacturing ; powder bed fusion ; 316L stainless steel ; ultrasonic atomization ; gas atomization ; three-point bending ; polyamide-based composites ; fused filament fabrication ; concrete additives ; concrete fibers ; concrete strength tests ; threshold effect ; flake graphene ; graphene oxide ; reduced graphene oxide ; lubricants ; grease ; fatigue life prediction ; CuZn37 brass ; machine learning ; IPCs ; ceramic preform ; ceramic–elastomer composite ; silane coupling agent ; hot isostatic pressing (HIP) ; wettability ; mechanical properties ; mechanical engineering ; laser powder bed fusion ; 21 NiCrMo2 steel ; process parameters ; post-heat treatment ; torsional strength ; cellular structures ; 20MnCr5 Steel ; cement–glass composite bricks ; digital image correlation analysis ; material extrusion ; PET-G ; waste disposal ; hybrid additive manufacturing ; lattice structures ; hot isostatic pressing ; fatigue behaviour ; polymer–straw boards ; thermoplastic polymers ; annual plants ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: At present, data is constantly generated across various industries, including the internet. New technologies have emerged to trace data origins and assess their potential for collection, quantification, decoding, and analysis. Big data, signals, and images are of particular importance due to the wealth of domain-specific information they hold. These data play a critical role in addressing issues like national security, cybersecurity, marketing, medical informatics, and fraud detection. Deep learning techniques have gained immense popularity. They empower the analysis and understanding of vast amounts of unsupervised data, making them invaluable for processing when raw data lack categorization and labels. These applications extend to working with medical images and signal processing for wellness devices, remote monitoring, and neural devices. In industrial settings, data can be used for early warning systems in assembly lines, while massive datasets can be derived from electronic health records and hospital information systems, for example. This reprint is dedicated to exploring the application of deep learning in tackling significant challenges related to big data, images, and signals. It seeks to unravel the potential of these cutting-edge technologies in addressing complex real-world problems across diverse sectors.
    Keywords: big data ; image processing ; deep learning ; signal processing ; digital era ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Ultrasonic waves are nowadays used for multiple purposes including both low-intensity/high frequency and high-intensity/low-frequency ultrasound. Low-intensity ultrasound transmits energy through the medium in order to obtain information about the medium or to convey information through the medium. It is successfully used in non-destructive inspection, ultrasonic dynamic analysis, ultrasonic rheology, ultrasonic spectroscopy of materials, process monitoring, applications in civil engineering, aerospace and geological materials and structures, and in the characterization of biological media. Nowadays, it is an essential tool for assessing metals, plastics, aerospace composites, wood, concrete, and cement. High-intensity ultrasound deliberately affects the propagation medium through the high local temperatures and pressures generated. It is used in industrial processes such as welding, cleaning, emulsification, atomization, etc.; chemical reactions and reactor induced by ultrasonic waves; synthesis of organic and inorganic materials; microstructural effects; heat generation; accelerated material characterization by ultrasonic fatigue testing; food processing; and environmental protection. This book collects eleven papers, one review, and ten research papers with the aim to present recent advances in ultrasonic wave propagation applied for the characterization or the processing of materials. Both fundamental science and applications of ultrasound in the field of material characterization and material processing have been gathered.
    Keywords: ultrasonic lens ; axicon lens ; focused ultrasound ; transcranial ultrasound ; non-destructive inspection ; damage identification ; topology optimization ; ultrasonic wave propagation ; ultrasonic visualization ; L-shaped ultrasonic wave guide rod ; ultrasonic bending vibration ; 2A14 aluminum alloy ; solidification structure ; composition segregation ; 1060 aluminum alloy ; twin-roll casting ; microstructure ; mechanical properties ; concrete ; mesostructure ; Lamb wave ; heterogeneity ; Monte Carlo method ; SHM ; ultrasound ; time of flight ; reinforcement ; resin transfer molding (RTM) ; permeability ; liquid composite molding ; material characterization ; composite manufacturing ; liquid penetration ; ultrasound transmission ; capillary penetration ; porous sheets ; bulk metallic glass ; ultrasonic assisted turning ; finite element analysis ; cutting force ; guided waves ; setting time ; mortar and concrete ; early age ; thermoplastic composites ; ultrasonic joints ; resistance heating ; elastography ; viscoelastic properties ; creep ; stress relaxation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint focuses on the application of the combination of synthetic aperture radars and depth learning technology. It aims to further promote the development of SAR image intelligent interpretation technology. A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an important active microwave imaging sensor, whose all-day and all-weather working capacity give it an important place in the remote sensing community. Since the United States launched the first SAR satellite, SAR has received much attention in the remote sensing community, e.g., in geological exploration, topographic mapping, disaster forecast, and traffic monitoring. It is valuable and meaningful, therefore, to study SAR-based remote sensing applications. In recent years, deep learning represented by convolution neural networks has promoted significant progress in the computer vision community, e.g., in face recognition, the driverless field and Internet of things (IoT). Deep learning can enable computational models with multiple processing layers to learn data representations with multiple-level abstractions. This can greatly improve the performance of various applications. This reprint provides a platform for researchers to handle the above significant challenges and present their innovative and cutting-edge research results when applying deep learning to SAR in various manuscript types, e.g., articles, letters, reviews and technical reports.
    Keywords: heterogeneous transformation ; SAR image ; optical image ; conditional generative adversarial nets (CGANs) ; self-supervised ; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ; despeckling ; enhanced U-Net ; video synthetic aperture radar (Video-SAR) ; moving target tracking ; guided anchor Siamese network (GASN) ; interferometric synthetic aperture radar ; deep convolutional neural network ; phase unwrapping ; unsupervised change detection ; polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) ; UAVSAR ; multi-scale shallow block ; multi-scale residual block ; synthetic aperture radar ; image registration ; transformer ; deep learning ; SAR target detection ; multiscale learning ; ship detection ; SAR ship detection ; position-enhanced attention ; lightweight backbone ; image augmentation ; building extraction ; SAR ; semantic segmentation ; SAR dataset ; single-stage detector ; two-stage detector ; anchor free ; train from scratch ; oriented bounding box ; multi-scale detection ; computer vision ; low-grade road extraction ; remote sensing ; image segmentation ; optical images ; scene classification ; on-board ; lightweight self-supervised algorithm ; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image ; arbitrary-oriented ship detection ; differentiable rotational IoU algorithm ; triangle distance IoU loss ; attention-weighted feature pyramid network ; multiple skip-scale connections ; attention-weighted feature fusion ; Rotated-SARShip dataset (RSSD) ; object classification ; radar image reconstruction ; convolutional neural networks ; ResNet18 ; GBSAR ; Omega-K algorithm ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Because of the increasing pressure on both food safety and packaging/food waste, the topic is important both for academics, applied research, industry and also for environment protection. Different materials, such as glass, metals, paper and paperboards, and non-degradable and degradable polymers, with versatile properties, are attractive for potential uses in food packaging. Food packaging is the largest area of application within the food sector. Only the nanotechnology-enabled products in the food sector account for ~50% of the market value, with and the annual growth rate is 11.65%. Technological developments are also of great interest. In the food sector, nanotechnology is involved in packaging materials with extremely high gas barriers, antimicrobial properties, and also in nanoencapsulants for the delivery of nutrients, flavors, or aromas, antimicrobial, and antioxidant compounds. Applications of materials, including nanomaterials in packaging and food safety, are in forms of: edible films, polymer nanocomposites, as high barrier packaging materials, nanocoatings, surface biocides, silver nanoparticles as potent antimicrobial agents, nutrition and neutraceuticals, active/bioactive packaging, intelligent packaging, nanosensors and nanomaterial-based assays for the detection of food relevant analytes (gasses, small organic molecules and food-borne pathogens) and bioplastics.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TA401-492 ; alginate film ; antibacterial activity ; chitosan ; simulation ; vegetable oil ; degradation ; antibacterial ; montmorillonite nanoclay ; nanocomposites ; nanocoating ; smart nanomaterials ; tensile test ; fire ; rosehip seed oil ; biomaterials ; essential oil ; nanocoatings ; fused deposition modelling (FDM) ; antioxidant ; pectin film ; mechanical properties ; risk analysis ; personalized design ; powdered rosemary ethanolic extract ; barrier properties ; combustion ; cold-press oil ; polymer ; antimicrobial ; thiazolidine-4-one scaffold ; customization ; poly(lactic) acid ; graphene ; edible film ; carbon nanotubes ; electrospinning ; packaging design ; computer aid design (CAD) ; food packaging ; thermoforming ; reverse engineering ; technology ; product design ; risks ; polymeric systems ; bioactive food packaging ; poly(lactic acid) ; 3D printing ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In this reprint, state-of-the-art research and review articles on emerging material systems for additive manufacturing (AM) are collected, with a focus on the process–structure–properties relationships. Additive manufacturing (AM) has grown and evolved rapidly in recent years. There are many exciting research and translational works in many areas of application, such as biomedical, aerospace and electronics. These advancements are typically coupled with materials development, which has resulted in more functionalities added to 3D-printed parts, such as multi-material fabrications and integration with machine learning or digital twins. Such enhancements in functionalities have enabled the evolution of AM from a rapid prototyping tool to an actual manufacturing solution. In this reprint, two reviews and thirteen original research articles are included to highlight the latest development in the field of materials science for AM.
    Keywords: titanium scaffolds ; 3D printing ; pore design ; selective laser melting ; lattice structures ; torsion ; design ; additive manufacturing ; functionally gradient lattice ; torsional stiffness ; energy absorption ; failure behavior ; ferritic steel ; heat treatment ; SLM ; nuclear application ; laser powder bed fusion ; solidification crack ; hot crack ; aluminum alloy powder ; EN AW-5083 ; AA5083 ; AlSi10Mg ; powder bed fusion ; metal matrix composites ; laser powder-bed fusion ; aluminum alloys ; reinforcement ; ceramic particulates ; grain refinement ; crystallographic texture ; mechanical properties ; laser-directed energy deposition ; melt pool ; process maps ; multi-fidelity Gaussian process ; Bayesian Optimization ; uncertainty quantification ; K418 alloy ; orientation ; phase ; microhardness ; color 3D printing ; penetration depth ; chromaticity ; image-based metric ; color reproduction ; Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn ; titanium alloy ; biomedical engineering ; microstructure ; X-ray diffraction ; directed energy deposition ; shape-memory alloys ; joining of metals ; elemental powders ; 3D concrete printing (3DCP) ; hybrids ; geopolymer ; frost resistance ; UV radiation ; thermal conductivity ; surface finishing ; physical vapor deposition ; composites ; recycling ; polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) ; direct ink writing ; liquid deposition modeling ; glass fibers ; stainless steel ; AISI 316L ; AISI 630 (17-4PH) ; AISI 420 ; AISI 440C ; carbon content ; online monitoring ; electron beam melting ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book is the result of a Special Issue published in Applied Sciences, entitled “New Trends in Recycled Aggregate Concrete"". It identifies emerging research areas within the field of recycled aggregate concrete and contributes to the increased use of this eco-efficient material.Its contents are organised in the following sections: Upscaling the use of recycled aggregate concrete in structural design; Large scale applications of recycled aggregate concrete; Long-term behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete; Performance of recycled aggregate concrete in very aggressive environments; Reliability of recycled aggregate concrete structures; Life cycle assessment of recycled aggregate concrete; New applications of recycled aggregate concrete.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; crushing ; heavyweight waste glass ; n/a ; recycled aggregate quality ; seismic load ; microstructure ; construction waste ; permeability ; bond strength ; seismic performance ; aggregate interlock mechanism ; recycled concrete aggregates ; compressive strength ; crumb rubber ; cellular concrete ; model ; cyclic load ; recycled aggregate ; crushed glass ; models ; recycled aggregate concrete ; reactive power concrete ; recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) ; energy absorbing ; creep ; elevated temperature ; fiber-reinforced concrete ; size effect ; recycled concrete aggregate ; geological nature of aggregates ; mechanical properties ; recycled concrete ; artificial neural networks ; recycled aggregates ; steel fibre ; quality of aggregates ; aggregates ; foam stability ; ceramic foam ; durable characteristics ; nylon fiber ; concrete ; mechanical characteristics ; strain rate ; steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (SRRAC) ; dynamic mechanical property ; concrete sludge fines ; water absorption ; columns ; environmental impact ; blast-furnace slag ; input variable ; tensile splitting strength ; aggregate ; returned concrete ; reinforced concrete member ; variable sensitivity ; soil stabilization ; numerical analysis ; shear behavior ; fly-ash ; modulus ; life cycle assessment ; foam structure ; silica fume ; recycling ; recycled coarse aggregate concrete ; ready-mixed concrete ; foam concrete ; flexural behavior ; mixture proportioning ; aggregate characteristic ; residual properties ; CT ; reinforced concrete ; shrinkage ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: Advancements in medical imaging modalities have resulted in increasing the importance and demand of pediatric radiology. This reprint showcases various examples of advanced research in pediatric radiology and nuclear medicine. These include the use of medical imaging modalities such as computed tomography, general radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and ultrasound for diagnosis, as well as the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) in computer-aided detection and diagnosis in the pediatric population. The radiation dose issue of pediatric radiological examinations and emerging AI technology for dose reduction, as well as the use of three-dimensional printing based on medical images for pediatric surgical planning, healthcare professional education, and patient–clinician communication are also covered.
    Keywords: as low as reasonably achievable ; computed tomography ; convolutional neural network ; deep learning ; dose reduction ; generative adversarial network ; image processing ; machine learning ; medical imaging ; noise ; contrast-enhanced ultrasound ; head ultrasound ; brain death ; infants ; ancillary test ; child ; paediatric ; infant ; adolescent ; chest X-ray ; CXR ; chest radiography ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; coronavirus ; biliary atresia ; ultrasonography ; diagnostic accuracy ; intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) ; diagnostic performance ; elastography ; three-dimensional printing ; congenital heart disease ; children ; model ; personalized medicine ; application ; confusion matrix ; disease identification ; image interpretation ; pneumonia ; artificial intelligence (AI) ; deep learning (DL) ; paediatric pneumonia ; chest radiograph ; computer-aided detection (CAD) ; cumulative ; radiation dose ; acute tonsillitis ; shear wave elastography ; stiffness ; pediatric ; magnetic resonance imaging ; infection ; neck ; emergency medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: In the last few years, huge amounts of progress have been made regarding remote sensing in the field of computer vision. This success and progress is mostly due to the effectiveness of deep learning (DL) algorithms. In addition, the remote sensing community has shifted its attention to DL, and DL algorithms have been used to achieve significant success in many image analysis tasks. However, with regard to remote sensing, a number of challenges caused by difficulties in data acquisition and annotation have not been fully solved yet. This reprint is a collection of novel developments in the field of remote sensing using computer vision, deep learning, and artificial intelligence. The articles published involve fundamental theoretical analyses as well as those demonstrating their application to real-world problems.
    Keywords: tropical cyclone detection ; meteorological satellite images ; deep learning ; deep transfer learning ; generative adversarial networks ; image target detection ; multiple scales ; any angle object ; remote sensing of small objects ; point clouds ; 3D tracking ; state estimation ; Siamese network ; deep LK ; convolutional neural networks (CNNs) ; multilayer feature aggregation ; attention mechanism ; remote sensing image scene classification (RSISC) ; hyperspectral image classification ; variational autoencoder ; generative adversarial network ; crossed spatial and spectral interactions ; crater detection algorithm (CDA) ; R-FCN ; self-calibrated convolution ; split attention mechanism ; transfer learning ; remote sensing ; oriented object detection ; rotated inscribed ellipse ; remote sensing images ; keypoint-based detection ; gated aggregation ; eccentricity-wise ; object detection ; remote sensing image ; anchor free ; oriented bounding boxes ; deformable convolution ; three-dimensional radar imaging ; convolution neural network ; super-resolution ; side-lobe suppression ; terahertz radar ; aerial image generation ; satellite image generation ; structure map ; style vector ; high resolution image ; self-constructing graph ; semantic segmentation ; GAN ; image generation ; data augmentation ; remote sensing disaster image ; convolutional neural network ; double-stream structure ; feedback ; encoder–decoder network ; dense connections ; instance segmentation ; Swin transformer ; cascade mask R-CNN ; remote sensing image retrieval ; hashing algorithm ; binary code ; triplet ordinal relation preserving ; cross entropy ; feature distillation ; forest fire ; smoke segmentation ; Smoke-Unet ; residual block ; Landsat-8 ; band sensibility ; unsupervised domain adaptation ; bidirectional domain adaptation ; image-to-image translation ; generative adversarial networks (GANs) ; U-Net ; high-density laser scanning ; logging trails ; digital surface model ; canopy height model ; commercial thinning ; convolutional neural networks ; multiview ; satellite and UAV image ; joint description ; image matching ; neural network ; contextual information ; Anchor Free Region Proposal Network ; polar representation ; 3D object detection ; point cloud ; sampling ; single-stage ; rotated object detection ; angle-based detector ; angle-free framework ; rotated region of interests (RRoIs) ; representative points ; plastic ; UAVs ; contrastive learning ; mutual guidance ; spatial misalignment ; vehicle detection ; ANN ; automatic classification ; risk mitigation ; machine learning ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: A collection of articles published under the guidance of Assoc. Prof. Ph.D. Andrei Victor SANDU in the Special Issue "Obtaining and Characterization of New Materials, Volume II". The published articles under this Special Issue represent an excellent collection of research and review articles with cutting-edge results that promote sustainable development in the field of material engineering.
    Keywords: sheep wool thermal-insulating mattresses ; air quality ; water vapor permeability ; formaldehyde ; road concrete ; porosity ; (NMR) relaxometry ; freeze–thaw ; blast furnace slag ; bismuth ; intermetallic compound ; IMC thickness ; mechanical properties ; isothermal annealing ; geopolymer ; fly ash ; GGBFS ; compressive strength ; soil stabilization ; flowable composite resin ; hydrochloric acid ; surface roughness ; toothbrush ; thermal insulation ; recycling ; polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ; polyester (PES) ; natural fibres ; sheep wool ; chia seed oil ; fatty acids composition ; epoxidized vegetable oil ; epoxy equivalent weight ; shear thickening fluids ; aging ; lightfastness ; product degradation ; rigid pavement ; fly ash based geopolymer ; acid resistance ; selective laser sintering ; spread the powder quality ; parameter optimization ; DEM ; RSM ; NSGA-II ; 9K medium ; bioleaching ; Thiobacillus ferrooxidans ; pollution indices ; ecological risk ; polyoxyethylene alkyether sulphate foam ; blended geopolymer foam ; high temperature ; pre-foaming method ; hydroxyapatite ; lysine ; inorganic–organic composite ; glassy carbon electrode ; electrode coating ; electrochemical analysis ; Nile blue A ; multi-beam box girder bridge ; ESP strengthening ; field test ; load lateral transferring performance ; structural stiffness ; densified wood ; ammonia ; Brinell hardness ; Paulownia ; hornbeam ; geopolymers ; laser sintering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The 10th International Conference on Modern Circuit and System Technologies on Electronics and Communications (MOCAST 2021) will take place in Thessaloniki, Greece, from July 5th to July 7th, 2021. The MOCAST technical program includes all aspects of circuit and system technologies, from modeling to design, verification, implementation, and application. This Special Issue presents extended versions of top-ranking papers in the conference. The topics of MOCAST include:Analog/RF and mixed signal circuits;Digital circuits and systems design;Nonlinear circuits and systems;Device and circuit modeling;High-performance embedded systems;Systems and applications;Sensors and systems;Machine learning and AI applications;Communication; Network systems;Power management;Imagers, MEMS, medical, and displays;Radiation front ends (nuclear and space application);Education in circuits, systems, and communications.
    Keywords: incremental power and timing optimization ; Lagrangian relaxation ; gate sizing ; multimode multicorner ; physical optimization ; two-qubit states ; quantum computers ; quantum gates ; Rabi oscillations ; single qubit quantum computer ; quantum operations simulation ; vision transformers ; computer vision ; deep learning ; artistic style recognition ; memristor model ; tantalum oxide ; memory crossbar ; nonlinear dopant drift ; window function ; LTSPICE library memristor model ; stochastic computing ; stochastic filtering ; stochastic FIR filter ; unconventional computing ; electrical masking ; interconnection delay ; Single Event Multiple Transients ; Soft Error Rate ; STA ; TCAD ; timing-masking ; transient faults ; IoT ; wireless sensor networks ; hydroponics ; smart agriculture ; Network-on-Chip ; bufferless routing ; 3D NoC ; Markov chains ; visible light communication (VLC) ; wireless communication ; analog front end (AFE) ; pre-amplification ; classification ; COVID-19 ; lightweight neural network ; medical imaging ; chest X-rays ; image sensors ; 3D pixels ; 3D sequential integration ; 3DSI ; monolithic 3D ; M3D ; coupling ; parasitic capacitances ; memristor ; emulator ; analog design ; switched capacitor ; mixed signal ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: For many decades, researchers have been trying to make computers’ analysis of images as effective as the system of human vision is. For this purpose, many algorithms and systems have previously been created. The whole process covers various stages, including image processing, representation and recognition. The results of this work can be applied to many computer-assisted areas of everyday life. They improve particular activities and provide handy tools, which are sometimes only for entertainment, but quite often, they significantly increase our safety. In fact, the practical implementation of image processing algorithms is particularly wide. Moreover, the rapid growth of computational complexity and computer efficiency has allowed for the development of more sophisticated and effective algorithms and tools. Although significant progress has been made so far, many issues still remain, resulting in the need for the development of novel approaches.
    Keywords: CIELab ; component Substitution ; Pan sharpening ; Pléiades VHR Image ; coal ; inertinite macerals ; classification ; multifractal analysis ; support vector machine ; block-based coding ; video coding ; H.265/HEVC ; affine motion compensation ; image registration ; homography matrix ; local homography transformation ; convolutional neural network ; moving direct linear transformation ; super-resolution (SR) ; convolution neural network (CNN) ; Gene Expression Programming (GEP) ; deep learning ; image preclassification ; suspicious behavior detection ; motion ; magnitude ; gradient ; reactivity ; saliency ; haze removal ; dark channel ; atmospheric-light estimation ; coarse-to-fine search strategy ; sparse dictionary ; stable recovery ; frame ; RIP ; local dimming ; retinex theory ; bi-histogram equalization ; contrast ratio ; details preservation ; pansharpening ; image fusion ; image quality ; Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre (SPOT) 6 ; spectral consistency ; spatial consistency ; synthesis ; artificial intelligence ; dental application ; images ; detection ; parseval frame ; transform ; sparse representation ; octave convolution ; bilingual scene text reading ; Ethiopic script ; attention ; nasal cytology ; automatic cell segmentation ; rhinology ; image analysis ; feature extraction ; shape context ; plant recognition ; DPCNN ; BOF ; numeral spotting ; historical document analysis ; convolutional neural networks ; deep transfer learning ; handwritten digit recognition ; spectrum correction ; intensity correction ; compressed sensing ; tradeoff process ; IKONOS ; remote sensing ; fine-tuning ; learning rate scheduler ; cyclical learning rates ; label smoothing ; classification accuracy ; neural networks ; salient object detection ; RGB-D ; object detection ; small object ; multi-scale sampling ; balanced sampling ; texture ; structure ; optical ; coke ; iron ore ; sinter ; image processing ; segmentation ; identification ; action recognition ; silhouette sequences ; shape features ; ambient assisted living ; active ageing ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNT Media, information & communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: In the past few years, knowledge about glaucoma diagnosis and follow up has evolved dramatically through advances in intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, corneal biomechanics, structural and functional assessment of the ocular surface, anterior chamber, retina, optic nerve and intracranial visual pathways, as well as the advent of artificial intelligence. In addition, the development of new modalities of IOP-lowering and non-IOP-lowering drugs, alternative deliveries, refined laser technologies, and minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) techniques with different implants have widened the therapeutic possibilities for treating this disease. Finally, current insights into risk factors and quality of life in relation to glaucomatous impairment are emerging. The purpose of this Special Issue is to present the latest exciting clinical developments that are taking place in the field of glaucoma.
    Keywords: ripasudil ; suture trabeculotomy ab interno ; Schlemm’s canal incision ; aqueous outflow ; open-angle glaucoma ; glaucoma ; inflammation ; oxidative stress ; phenotype ; polymorphism ; susceptibility ; intraocular pressure ; ocular inflammation ; cornea biomechanics ; Corvis® ST ; subclinical keratoconus ; ocular hypertension ; tears ; miRNAs ; next generation sequencing ; biomarkers ; genes ; signaling pathways ; apoptosis ; neurodegeneration ; glaucoma suspect ; lamina cribrosa ; optical coherence tomography angiography ; peripapillary vessel density ; OCTA ; vessel density ; disc ; peripapillary ; NTG ; BRVO ; corneal hysteresis ; corneal biomechanics ; ocular biomarkers ; deep learning ; perimetry ; optic nerve ; obesity ; risk factor ; young adults ; multifocal visual evoked potentials ; mfVEP ; physical exercise ; sport ; acrobatic gymnastics ; baseline intraocular pressure ; central corneal thickness ; ocular health ; tumbling skills ; hand balance ; cytokines ; BDNF ; VEGF ; fractalkine ; microglia ; saffron ; crocin ; retinal glial cells ; microperimetry ; OCT ; macula ; structure ; function ; correlation ; retina ; inner ; outer ; macular segmentation ; optical coherence tomography-angiography ; vascular density ; blood flow ; biomarker ; myopia ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint covers the latest developments in the field of eco-polymeric materials and natural polymer processing and utilization, highlighting cutting-edge research focusing on the processing of advanced polymers and their composites. It demonstrates that the field of eco-polymeric materials and natural polymers is still gaining increased attention. Innovative approaches as well as advanced applications of eco-polymeric materials and natural polymers in different fields, such as energy, environment, biomedical, biomaterial, and engineering, are reported in this reprint.
    Keywords: outdoor wood mats-based engineering composite ; wood-degrading fungi ; decay resistance ; durability ; nanohydrogels ; citral ; sustained-release ; mechanism ; bamboo ; anti-mould ; rosin modification ; round bamboo culm ; visual characteristics ; eye tracking ; surfactant ; urea-formaldehyde resin ; laminated bamboo veneer ; gluability ; wood–plastic composites ; heat transfer modeling ; sweet sorghum ; high-density polyethylene ; hot-pressing ; fibrovascular bundle ; salacca frond ; modified orientation board ; citric acid ; Aquilaria crassna wood ; natural rubber ; antifungal ; lignin ; proteins ; compression performance ; load–displacement curves ; digital image correlation (DIC) ; failure mode ; coupling agent ; interfacial bonding ; oriented strand–thermoplastic composites ; wood veneer–thermoplastic composites ; cross-laminated timber ; stability coefficient ; axial compression ; timber structures ; slenderness ratio ; Chinese pine wood ; pine needles ; bamboo culms ; bamboo leaves ; industrial hemp hurd ; CMC ; DS ; mechanical properties ; TG ; XRD ; FTIR ; chitosan ; tartaric acid ; nanocrystal ; self-assembly ; evaporation ; dehydration of crystallization ; biopolymers ; sustainability ; emergy accounting ; polyhydoxyalkanoates ; slaughterhouse residues ; poly(lactic acid) ; impact modifier ; polymer blends ; properties ; multilayered bamboo fiber ; topochemistry ; microscopic imaging ; gradient micromechanics ; core–shell structure ; hydrogel ; double load ; response surface ; acidic treatment ; colour ; mould-resistant ; starch ; Phyllostachys pubescens ; fibre ; lignification ; micro-morphological regions of cell wall ; syringyl lignin ; guaiacyl lignin ; visible-light spectrophotometry ; electrochemical method ; moisture content ; shrinkage strain ; wood water loss ; konjac glucomannan ; oxidized hyaluronic acid ; hydrogels ; tung oil ; thermal treatment ; color ; cellulose fibers ; adsorption ; Cr(VI) ; sulfhydryl-modified ; water resistance ; bamboo scrimber composite ; bonding interface ; polymer soil consolidation agent ; preparation conditions ; consolidated adhesive film ; compressive strength ; seedling transplanting ; chemical change ; thermal property ; delignification ; pyrolysis ; bamboo microstructure ; shear performance ; test methods ; moso bamboo ; fracture behavior ; shearing characteristics ; transparent bamboo ; optical properties ; functionalization and application ; glycerin ; sodium alginate ; tensile strength ; elongation at break ; poplar ; cell walls ; cross-linking modification ; wood properties ; egg white hydrogel ; dual cross-linking ; metal ions ; secondary structure ; biocompatibility ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This Special Issue on advanced sensor technologies contains contributions on the latest developments in mobile robotic systems and related research. Various topics with different ideas and applications from mobile robotics have found their place. New ideas are presented for mobile robots that specialise in cleaning floors, power lines and HVAC systems. We also find innovative approaches for navigation path planning using local minima-free potential fields, novel path primitives and/or their parameterisation for minimum-time planning, and various control approaches ranging from visual serving to model predictive and adaptive trajectory tracking, applied to wheeled robots, humanoid manipulators and flying robots. Localisation approaches using LiDAR, motion capture systems, fingerprint-based and biomechanical gait systems are also discussed. In addition to advances in methodology, applications in healthcare, mining tunnels, cleaning, warehouses and other areas are mentioned.
    Keywords: UAVs ; inspection and maintenance ; mobile robots ; insulators ; artificial intelligence ; mobile cleaning robot ; vibration source classification ; predictive maintenance ; deep learning ; 1D CNN ; defect detection ; Faster R-CNN ; object detection ; IoRT ; inspection robot ; navigation ; model predictive control ; path planing ; warehouse automation ; underground mining robots ; scan matching ; localization and SLAM in tunnels ; 2D lidar navigation ; GPS-denied environment ; robot navigation ; path planning ; potential field ; bilinear interpolation ; dynamic local re-planning ; domestic dirt ; dirt dataset ; audit robot ; cleaning benchmark ; dirt classification ; robot-aided cleaning auditing ; geometrical feature ; cleaning auditing ; swarm algorithms ; motion trajectory prediction ; kinematical models ; gait biomechanics ; spherical robot ; model ; simulation ; CoppeliaSim (V-REP) ; visual servoing ; autonomous landing ; monocular vision ; aerial robotics ; localization and SLAM ; 3D lidar ; range sensing ; Uniform Second-Order Sliding Mode Observer ; Prescribed Performance Control ; robot manipulators ; finite-time Stability ; feature detection ; light-weight mapping ; B-splines ; localization ; mobile robot ; complete coverage ; path smoothing ; velocity profile optimization ; humanoid robot ; state estimation ; motion capture ; Whole-Body Control ; ADHD ; screening ; skeleton ; position estimation ; indoor positioning ; sensor fusion ; RSSI ; magnetometer ; fingerprint ; wheeled mobile robots ; trajectory generation ; velocity profile ; trajectory optimization ; Bézier curves ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: As we move further into the 21st century, despite the fact that new technologies have emerged, machining remains the key operation to achieve high productivity and precision for high-added value parts in several sectors, but recent advances in computer applications should close the gap between simulations and industrial practices. This book, “Machining Dynamics and Parameters Process Optimization”, is oriented toward the different strategies and paths when it comes to increasing productivity and reliability in metal removal processes. The topics include the dynamic characterization of machine tools, experimental dampening techniques, and optimization algorithms combined with signal monitoring.
    Keywords: CNC parameters ; machining mode ; high speed ; high accuracy ; high surface quality ; five-axis linear-segment toolpath ; path smoothing ; B-spline curve-fitting ; path synchronization ; feedrate scheduling ; flute-grinding ; evolution algorithms ; wheel location and orientation ; thin-floor machining ; chatter ; magnetorheological damper ; bull-nose end mill ; tool wear monitoring ; milling ; complex part ; deep learning ; autoencoder ; deep multi-layer perceptron ; tool condition monitoring ; tool change policy ; Industry 4.0 ; machine learning ; CNN ; AI ; additive manufacturing ; thin walled machining ; dynamics ; machining cycle optimization ; multivariable tool ; stable peninsula ; homotopy perturbation method ; machining robot ; natural frequency prediction ; model optimization ; dynamic performance ; stability ; machining ; grinding ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The reliability of high-voltage equipment is critical to the safe operation of the power grid. This reprint focuses on the new developments and advances in both fundamental and applied research on the testing, monitoring, and diagnostics of high-voltage equipment, including insulators, transformers, etc.
    Keywords: HV bushing ; dielectric response ; paper–oil insulation ; temperature distribution ; distribution transformers ; failure analysis ; monitoring ; diagnostic method ; frequency response ; open and short-circuit response ; hydro-generators ; partial discharges ; PD Spectral Pulse Counting Map (PD-SPCM) ; microstrip antenna ; UHF method ; Frequency Resolved Partial Discharges (FRPD) ; AC breakdown characteristics ; arresters ; lightning protection insulator ; electric field calculation ; icing conditions ; cable insulation ; contact surface ; dielectric breakdown ; electrical breakdown ; polymeric insulation ; solid–solid interface ; surface roughness ; insulator ; deicing ; hot water jet ; numerical calculation ; temperature spatial distribution ; pollution insulators ; nonsoluble deposit density ; flashover characteristics ; arc parameters ; high voltage apparatus ; deep learning ; classification ; localization ; partial discharge ; faults ; outdoor insulators ; railway electrification system ; outdoor porcelain insulators ; low-frequency flashover AC voltage ; lightning impulse critical-flashover voltage ; icing ; anti-icing ; de-icing transmission lines ; ice-melting ; icing disaster ; diameter-expanded conductor ; current transferred ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The integration of information technologies with industry has marked the beginning of the fourth industrial revolution and promoted the development of industrial engineering. However, the depletion of resources and industrial waste caused by increasing amounts of industrial production pose a huge threat to nature. The application of sustainable supply chains in industrial engineering and management is one of the ways to balance the economy, society and environment. Therefore, it is a key concern for us to explore the construction of sustainable supply chains in industrial engineering and management. Moreover, to understand the impact of low-carbon, sustainable and recycled supply chains on industrial engineering, we need more in-depth investigations.This Special Issue aims to solicit original research and review articles discussing sustainable supply chain decision-making in industrial engineering and management to improve the sustainability of enterprise operations. Moreover, this Special Issue also shows mixed methods (e.g., modeling plus a case study) and rigorous quantitative/qualitative empirical studies of sustainable supply chains.
    Keywords: coordination degree model ; logistics industry ; digital economy ; industrial integration ; regional IEE system ; multimodel decision ; coupling coordination ; decision support methods ; online retailer ; consumer purchase behavior ; return strategy ; return insurance ; supply chain management ; real-time ; home delivery ; business modeling ; e-commerce ; time window ; lightweight ; carbon emissions ; low carbon benefits ; optimization design ; wheel hub ; subsidy policy ; remanufacturing industry ; donation strategy ; prisoner’s dilemma ; water-efficient products ; quality improvement ; DMAIC ; smart water closets ; carbon abatement ; cost sharing ; capital constraint ; environmental externality ; innovative products ; remanufacturing ; differential game ; bass model ; strategic emerging industries ; industrial structure ; employment effect ; artificial intelligence hardware ; data classification ; deep learning ; emission control ; industrial manufacturing ; bilateral matching decision making ; interval-valued hesitant fuzzy information ; bidirectional projection technology ; organizational quality-specific immunity ; automotive supply chain disruption ; supply chain resilience ; disruption risk ; bibliometric analysis ; co-citation analysis ; NGU ; self-attention ; CNN ; silver prediction ; data-driven ; composite systems ; synergy ; sustainability ; blockchain ; collection channel ; recycling strategies ; uncertain demand ; game theory ; federated learning ; intelligent manufacturing ; sustainable energy ; low-carbon strategy ; livestreaming marketing mode ; consumer low-carbon preference ; level of low-carbon promotion effort ; power structures ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies
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  • 80
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The use of lightweight structures across several industries has become inevitable in today’s world given the ever-rising demand for improved fuel economy and resource efficiency. In the automotive industry, composites, reinforced plastics, and lightweight materials, such as aluminum and magnesium are being adopted by many OEMs at increasing rates to reduce vehicle mass and develop efficient new lightweight designs. Automotive weight reduction with high-strength steel is also witnessing major ongoing efforts to design novel damage-controlled forming processes for a new generation of efficient, lightweight steel components. Although great progress has been made over the past decades in understanding the thermomechanical behavior of these materials, their extensive use as lightweight solutions is still limited due to numerous challenges that play a key role in cost competitiveness. Hence, significant research efforts are still required to fully understand the anisotropic material behavior, failure mechanisms, and, most importantly, the interplay between industrial processing, microstructure development, and the resulting properties. This Special Issue reprint book features concise reports on the current status in the field. The topics discussed herein include areas of manufacturing and processing technologies of materials for lightweight applications, innovative microstructure and process design concepts, and advanced characterization techniques combined with modeling of material’s behavior.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TA401-492 ; n/a ; microstructure ; Mg-Al-Ba-Ca alloy ; strength ; severe plastic deformation ; hot working ; surface roughness ; high pressure torsion extrusion ; optimization ; fatigue fracture behavior ; magnesium alloys ; de-coring ; formability ; multilayered sheets ; HPDC ; spring-back ; contact heat transfer ; mechanical properties ; bending ; in-die quenching ; equivalent strain ; light metals ; processing ; heat transfer ; damage ; creep aging ; thin-walled profile ; rolling ; aluminum alloy ; transmission line fittings ; ceramic core ; processing map ; automated void recognition ; FEA ; multi-output porthole extrusion ; density ; kinetic analysis ; texture ; non-ferrous alloys ; material characterization ; stress superposition ; hot stamping ; metal flow ; hybrid composite material ; V-bending test ; finite element model ; aluminium alloy ; shear lap test ; Al-Cu-Mg alloy ; characterization ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 81
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The topics of the book cover forest parameter estimation, methods to assess land cover and change, forest disturbances and degradation, and forest soil drought estimations. Airborne laser scanner data, aerial images, as well as data from passive and active sensors of different spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions have been utilized. Parametric and non-parametric methods including machine and deep learning methods have been employed. Uncertainty estimation is a key topic in each study. In total, 15 articles are included, of which one is a review article dealing with methods employed in remote sensing aided greenhouse gas inventories, and one is the Editorial summary presenting a short review of each article.
    Keywords: forest structure change ; EBLUP ; small area estimation ; multitemporal LiDAR and stand-level estimates ; forest cover ; Sentinel-1 ; Sentinel-2 ; data fusion ; machine-learning ; Germany ; South Africa ; temperate forest ; savanna ; classification ; Sentinel 2 ; land use land cover ; improved k-NN ; logistic regression ; random forest ; support vector machine ; statistical estimator ; IPCC good practice guidelines ; activity data ; emissions factor ; removals factor ; Picea crassifolia Kom ; compatible equation ; nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression ; error-in-variable modeling ; leave-one-out cross-validation ; digital surface model ; digital terrain model ; canopy height model ; constrained neighbor interpolation ; ordinary neighbor interpolation ; point cloud density ; stereo imagery ; remotely sensed LAI ; field measured LAI ; validation ; magnitude ; uncertainty ; temporal dynamics ; state space models ; forest disturbance mapping ; near real-time monitoring ; CUSUM ; NRT monitoring ; deforestation ; degradation ; tropical forest ; tropical peat ; forest type ; deep learning ; FCN8s ; CRFasRNN ; GF2 ; dual-FCN8s ; random forests ; error propagation ; bootstrapping ; Landsat ; LiDAR ; La Rioja ; forest area change ; data assessment ; uncertainty evaluation ; inconsistency ; forest monitoring ; drought ; time series satellite data ; Bowen ratio ; carbon flux ; boreal forest ; windstorm damage ; synthetic aperture radar ; C-band ; genetic algorithm ; multinomial logistic regression ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics
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  • 82
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Semi-solid metal (SSM) processing, as a viable alternative manufacturing route to those of conventional casting and forging, has not yet been fully exploited despite nearly half a century since its introduction to the metal industry. The slow pace of adopting SSM routes may be due to various reasons, including capital costs, profit margins, and, most importantly, the lack of detailed analysis of various SSM processes in open literature to confidently establish their advantages over more conventional routes. Therefore, the SSM community must disseminate their findings more effectively to generate increased confidence in SSM processes in the eyes of our industrial leaders. As such, we have embarked on the task to invite the leaders in SSM research to share their findings in a Special Issue dedicated to semi-solid processing of metals and composites. SSM processing takes advantage of both forming and shaping characteristics usually employed for liquid and solid materials. In the absence of shear forces, the semi-solid metal has similar characteristics to solids, i.e., easily transferred and shaped; by applying a defined force, the viscosity is reduced and the material flows like a liquid. These unique dual characteristics have made SSM routes attractive alternatives to conventional casting on an industrial scale. With the intention of taking full advantage of SSM characteristics, it is crucial to understand SSM processing, including topics such as solidification and structural evolution, flow behavior through modelling and rheology, new processes and process control, alloy development, and properties in general. This Special Issue focuses on the recent research and findings in the field with the aim of filling the gap between industry and academia, and to shed light on some of the fundamentals of science and technology of semi-solid processing.
    Keywords: 7075 aluminum alloy ; thixoforming ; post-welding-heat treatment ; electron beam welding (EBW) ; nano-sized SiC particle ; wear rate ; friction coefficient ; rheoformed ; thixoformed ; semi-solid ; microstructure ; mechanical properties ; wear ; corrosion ; Al–Si alloys ; rheocasting ; HPDC ; electrochemical evaluation ; rheological model ; semi-solid state ; Mg alloys ; high-temperature rheology ; rheological properties ; rheology ; semi-solid alloys ; thixotropy ; rheometer ; compression test ; viscosity ; semi-solid material ; A356 alloy ; electromagnetic stirring ; compression ; primary α-Al particle ; enclosed cooling slope channel ; ZCuSn10P1 ; microstructure refinement ; properties ; thixowelding ; thixojoining ; semisolid joining ; cold-work tool steel ; semisolid processing ; thixoformability ; Fe-rich Al-Si-Cu alloy ; 2024 aluminum matrix composites ; Al2O3 nanoparticles ; polarized light microscopy ; anodic etching ; EBSD ; grain ; globule ; Al-Si alloy ; semi-solid metal processing ; EMS ; thixocasting ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This reprint is a collection of papers published in a Special Issue that collected the recent advances within and investigations of the research fields of manufacturing and the characterisations or modelling of materials. The variety and quality of all these papers are addressed to both academic and industrial researchers who are looking for new information that can contribute to the advancement of future research in these highly challenging fields.
    Keywords: ATIG welding ; mixing design method ; particle swarm optimization (PSO) ; pseudo-ternary flux ; 316L SS ; mathematical modeling ; mechanical properties ; microstructure ; dynamic deformation behavior ; Cowper-Symonds model ; texture ; Hall–Petch relationship ; textile signal lines ; textronic systems ; data transmission over textiles ; smart textiles ; characteristic impedance ; signal quality tests ; smart garments ; e-textiles ; steel bar structures ; parametric design ; genetic algorithms ; structural optimization ; lightweight structures ; manufacturing and processing ; laminated composite double-cylindrical shell system ; improved Fourier series ; Rayleigh–Ritz method ; free vibration ; steady-state response ; hydrogen embrittlement ; nanograined materials ; intergranular deformation ; brittle fracture ; grain refinement ; magnesium alloy AZ91 ; short carbon fibers ; compressive strength ; wear resistance ; wear mechanisms ; wear debris ; hydrogen ; hydrogen fuel cell ; depressurization ; orifice plate structure ; computational fluid dynamics ; numerical model ; roughness surface ; morphological characterization ; characterization parameter set ; redundant parameter set ; ISO25178 ; face gears ; 3D optical scanning ; point clouds ; tooth surface deviations ; loaded tooth contact analysis ; meshfree method ; laminated composite shell ; rotating shell ; free vibration analysis ; thermal effect ; Rayleigh–Ritz technology ; laminated submarine-like model ; annular plate ; vibration analysis ; molecular dynamics ; dislocation nucleation ; plastic deformation ; aluminum alloys ; AA6082-T6 ; AA2011-T6 ; friction stir spot welding ; friction stir deposition ; keyhole refilling ; ultrasonic-assisted thermal forming ; ultrasonic softening effect ; stress reduction amplitude ; evolution of microstructure ; AZ91D magnesium alloy ; laser cladding ; Al-Si + Y2O3 coating ; tribological property ; corrosion resistance ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 84
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: Non-destructive testing and evaluation are commonly referred to as the vast group of analysis techniques used in civil, medical, and industrial sectors to evaluate the properties of materials, tissues, components, or structures, without causing any damage. Automation offers many benefits for non-destructive testing to cope with increasing demands, including improved reliability and higher inspection speeds. Additionally, robots enable inspections in locations that are not easily accessible to human operators and allow for humans to be removed from potentially dangerous environments. However, the perceived complexity and high costs have limited the adoption of automation. As a result, the full potential that could be derived from the seamless integration of robotic platforms with sensors, actuators, and software has not been fully explored; it could still revolutionise the way that automated inspections are performed and conceived. The recent advancements in electronics, robotics, sensor technology and software pave the way for new developments in automated testing and data-driven autonomous robotic inspections in several sectors. This Special Issue aimed to attract the latest research outcomes in the field of robotic sensing. Five papers relate to inspection systems based on robotic fixed-base manipulators, three of which are associated with in-process inspection in manufacturing applications (robotic wire-arc welding and additive manufacturing). Four papers report research advancements in mobile robotic-enabled sensing.
    Keywords: wall-climbing robot ; passive adaptive mechanism ; magnetic circuit optimization ; flexible detection method ; welding robot ; seam tracking ; laser sensor ; feature point extracting ; complex welding seam ; UAVs ; inspection ; soft robotics ; non-destructive evaluation ; robotic NDE ; robotic welding ; robotic control ; in-process NDE ; ultrasonic NDE ; ultrasound ; image motion analysis ; image processing ; optical flow ; underwater robotic ; NDT ; free-form surface profiling ; autonomous robotic systems ; in-process robotic NDE ; Wire + Arc Additive Manufacture (WAAM) ; ultrasound testing ; total focusing method ; defect recognition ; aircraft inspection ; deep learning ; CNN ; UAV ; defect classification ; AI ; underwater vehicle–manipulator system ; robotics emulator ; contact management ; remote inspection ; force control ; automated eddy current testing ; eddy current arrays ; robotics ; thermography ; non-destructive testing ; image alignment ; image blending ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 85
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The first three papers describe research activities about poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based blends and their composites with wheat bran that were carried out under the framework of the BIONTOP project ("Novel Packaging Films and Textiles with Tailored End of Life and Performance Based on Bio-based Copolymers and Coatings", 837761) funded by the European Commission BBI-JU program. The melt fluidity, morphological, thermo-mechanical, creep and fracture properties of these promising biodegradable materials were considered and discussed. The reprint then includes two contributions (a review and a research article) written in the contest of ECOFUNCO project ("ECO Sustainable Multi FUNctional Biobased COATings with Enhanced Performance and End of Life Options", 837863) funded by the European Commission BBI-JU program. The review explores possible innovations in the field of solid and liquid biobased coatings, whereas the research article examines the modification of paper tissues with biobased additives for sustainable personal care applications. A research paper on the production of PLA-based composites to valorize hazelnut shell powder, which represents an agro-food waste, is also included in the reprint. Moreover, the reprint presents research papers investigating different biobased materials for environmental depollution, including hydrogel-based, bacterial cellulose-based and biochar-based materials. Finally, a research paper on the behavior of natural rubber during aging is presented.
    Keywords: bacteria cellulose ; poly Schiff base ; chromium ; adsorption ; poly(lactic) acid (PLA) ; poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) ; binary blends ; micromechanical analysis ; mechanical tests ; polyurethane-biochar crosslinked material ; modified filter additive ; phosphorus release and adsorption ; bioretention facilities ; stormwater treatment ; rubber waterstop ; low temperature ; aging performance ; microscopic examination ; mechanism analysis ; fibrillated nanocellulose ; hydrogel ; methyl orange ; polymer ; creep ; micromechanics ; coatings ; active molecules ; barrier properties ; biocomposites ; natural fibers ; poly(lactic acid) (PLA) ; extrusion compounding ; fracture mechanics ; chitin nanofibrils ; polyphenols ; paper tissues ; mechanical properties ; bio-based coatings ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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  • 86
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: This book focuses on a variety of interdisciplinary perspectives concerning the theory and application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine, medically oriented human biology, and healthcare. The list of topics includes the application of AI in biomedicine and clinical medicine, machine learning-based decision support, robotic surgery, data analytics and mining, laboratory information systems, and usage of AI in medical education. Special attention is given to the practical aspect of a study. Hence, the inclusion of a clinical assessment of the usefulness and potential impact of the submitted work is strongly highlighted.
    Keywords: computational intelligence ; medical assistance ; instance-based learning ; healthcare ; clinical decision support systems ; deep neural networks ; medical imaging ; backdoor attacks ; security and privacy ; COVID-19 ; gastric cancer ; endoscopy ; deep learning ; convolutional neural network ; brain ; pituitary adenoma ; dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor ; DNET ; ganglioglioma ; digital pathology ; computer vision ; machine learning ; CNN ; ATLAS ; HarDNet ; Swin transformer ; segmentation ; U-Net ; cerebral infarction ; CycleGAN ; advanced statistics ; schizophrenia ; aggression ; forensic psychiatry ; medical image segmentation ; CT image segmentation ; kernel density ; semi-automated labeling tool ; Bayesian learning ; neuroimaging ; feature selection ; kernel formulation ; mental disorders ; MRI ; visual acuity ; fundus images ; ophthalmology ; SVM ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 87
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This Special Issue provides an update on the most recent research and developments in the area of freeze-drying technology in foods. It presents a combination of experimental and modeling studies, offering an overview of oncoming challenges and opportunities on the topic.
    Keywords: aquafaba ; chickpea ; emulsifiers ; egg replacer ; egg-free products ; vitamin C ; total phenols ; total carotenoids ; antioxidant activity ; colour ; mechanical properties ; pressure ; shelf temperature ; freezing rate ; freeze-drying ; lyophilization ; plant-based foods ; fruits ; vegetables ; blueberry freeze-drying ; berry-busting ; skin perforation ; primary drying time ; quality ; gellan gum ; modified pH ; riboflavin ; drying kinetics ; release mechanism ; model discrimination ; process design ; rehydration ; modelling ; microstructure ; food quality ; encapsulation ; processes combination ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 88
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: This reprint focuses on the research of textile materials for conventional and protective clothing. More than ever, multidisciplinary research applied to the field of new textile materials and new techniques of processing and joining materials is needed. The main research topics of this Special Issue include research and development of new materials and the improvement of their properties, and the mechanical and thermal properties of yarns, materials and clothing. Simulations based on the physical and mechanical properties of fabrics for the purpose of prediction assessment of the appearance and behavior of clothing, as well as 3D virtual garment prototypes using 3D body models and involving 3D human-body scanning, are interesting and significant topics in the field of clothing engineering. The problem of microplastics that are produced during the manufacture or cleaning of synthetic textiles has also been investigated in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: electroconductive material ; polyamide ; silver ; shielding effectiveness ; wet cleaning ; dry cleaning ; polyurethane ; material ; clothing ; mechanical properties ; heat resistance ; woven fabric ; plain weave ; electrically conductive yarn ; resistance ; tensile force ; elongation ; knit ; plain stitch ; multi-filament yarn ; 3D model ; stretching ; air permeability ; fashion design ; textile material ; textile pattern ; thermal camouflage ; biomimetic ; leather ; drape coefficient ; leather rigidity ; drapability ; leather thickness ; kinematic 3D human-body model ; sitting posture ; Blender software ; virtual prototyping ; personalized clothing ; linen fabric ; warp crimp ; calculated crimp ; experimental crimp ; moisture vapor permeability ; ecofriendly fiber ; Tencel ; bamboo ; KES-F7 ; pore diameter ; fabric ; drape ; physical and mechanical properties ; polygonal model ; 3D simulation ; linen/silk fabric ; pilling resistance ; singeing ; pigment and reactive printing ; electrospinning ; nanofibres ; filtration ; particles retention ; multilayer systems ; clothing physiology ; tight-fitting sportswear ; running test on a treadmill ; thermal comfort ; skin temperature ; perspiration ; protective clothing for firefighters ; flame manikin ; fire resistant materials ; flammability of materials ; thermal decomposition ; microplastics ; wastewater ; textiles ; polyester ; polyester ageing ; bibliometric analysis ; research trend ; artificial intelligence ; Web of Science ; 3D printing ; textile applications ; polylactic acid (PLA) ; breaking force ; knee protector ; FR fabric ; printing ; wash fastness ; spectrophotometry ; cotton fabric ; Proban® ; environmentally friendly washing procedure ; flame retardant durability ; MCC ; appearance ; knitted fabric ; cycle load ; elastic limit ; elastane ; hysteresis curve ; socks ; modal ; micro modal ; yarn type ; durability ; comfort ; textile testing ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Modern factories are experiencing rapid digital transformation supported by emerging technologies, such as the Industrial Internet of things (IIOT), industrial big data and cloud technologies, deep learning and deep analytics, AI, intelligent robotics, cyber-physical systems and digital twins, complemented by visual computing (including new forms of artificial vision with machine learning, novel HMI, simulation, and visualization). This is evident in the global trend of Industry 4.0. The impact of these technologies is clear in the context of high-performance manufacturing. Important improvements can be achieved in productivity, systems reliability, quality verification, etc. Manufacturing processes, based on advanced mechanical principles, are enhanced by big data analytics on industrial sensor data. In current machine tools and systems, complex sensors gather useful data, which is captured, stored, and processed with edge, fog, or cloud computing. These processes improve with digital monitoring, visual data analytics, AI, and computer vision to achieve a more productive and reliable smart factory. New value chains are also emerging from these technological changes. This book addresses these topics, including contributions deployed in production, as well as general aspects of Industry 4.0.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T55.4-60.8 ; T1-995 ; localization ; smart system ; n/a ; connected enterprise ; digital manufacturing ; AHP ; YOLOv3 ; decision support ; neural network ; vertex distance ; depthwise separable convolution ; cutting insert selection ; smart service ; contour detection ; convolutional neural networks ; platform-based ecosystem ; in-line dimensional inspection ; dilated convolutions ; fabric defect detection ; classification ; FCM ; LGM ; digital information flow ; turning ; computer vision ; control service ; blister defect ; RMTs ; feature pyramid ; research and development indicators ; maintenance expert ; polymer lithium-ion battery ; IT concept ; Industry 4.0 ; matching ; data reduction ; competence ; fibre of preserved Szechuan pickle ; elliptical paraboloid array ; relative angle ; geometric relationship ; optical system ; configure-to-order ; aircraft structure crack detection ; digital twins ; smart factory ; D-VGG16 ; optical slope sensor ; smart manufacturing ; self-calibration method ; convolutional neural network ; industry 4.0 ; skyline queries ; machine learning ; scalability test ; cyber-physical production systems ; Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) ; demand-side response ; cutting parameter optimization ; image smoothing ; marketing innovations ; genetic algorithm ; automation system ; defect detection ; scheduling ; job shop systems ; big data ; operator theory ; micro-armature ; train wheel ; industrial knowledge graph ; industrial load management ; bilinear model ; artificial neural networks ; 4th industrial revolution ; INDUSTRY 4.0 ; construction equipment ; lean assembly ; capacity control ; Grad-CAM ; revolution workpiece ; chatter ; anomaly detection ; QFD ; social network ; deep learning ; control as a service ; warm forming ; automated surface inspection ; cloud-based control system ; innovative marketing tools ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; flower pollination algorithm ; HED ; edge computing ; predictive analytics ; BIM ; digital platforms ; industrial big data ; energy flexibility ; impacts marketing innovations ; intellectualization of industrial information ; economic recession ; 3D mesh reconstruction ; demand-side management ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 90
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book includes papers from the section “Multisensor Information Fusion”, from Sensors between 2018 to 2019. It focuses on the latest research results of current multi-sensor fusion technologies and represents the latest research trends, including traditional information fusion technologies, estimation and filtering, and the latest research, artificial intelligence involving deep learning.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; similarity measure ; information filter ; out-of-sequence ; Hellinger distance ; coefficient of determination maximization strategy ; uncertainty measure ; embedded systems ; Internet of things (IoT) ; random delays ; adaptive distance function ; random finite set ; Dempster–Shafer evidence theory (DST) ; safe trajectory ; health reliability degree ; dynamic optimization ; state probability approximation ; sensors bias ; multi-environments ; belief entropy ; quaternion ; closed world ; Gaussian process regression ; Gaussian mixture model (GMM) ; intelligent transport system ; multirotor UAV ; multi-sensor system ; attitude ; time-domain data fusion ; precision landing ; Industry 4.0 ; magnetic angular rate and gravity (MARG) sensor ; uncertainty ; unscented information filter ; data classification ; high-definition map ; global information ; inconsistent data ; extended belief entropy ; sensor system ; Steffensen’s iterative method ; SLAM ; the Range-Range-Range frame ; evidential reasoning ; belief functions ; powered two wheels (PTW) ; electronic nose ; particle swarm optimization ; grey group decision-making ; user experience platform ; complex surface measurement ; DoS attack ; extended Kalman filter ; ICP ; Gaussian density peak clustering ; artificial marker ; random parameter matrices ; optimal estimate ; local structure descriptor ; object classification ; domain adaption ; networked systems ; expectation maximization (EM) algorithm ; attitude estimation ; Gaussian process model ; least-squares smoothing ; target positioning ; RFS ; spectral clustering ; maintenance decision ; multi-target tracking ; GMPHD ; time-distributed ConvLSTM model ; non-rigid feature matching ; unknown inputs ; cardiac PET ; subspace alignment ; gradient domain ; multi-sensor measurement ; data fusion ; Bar-Shalom Campo ; Kalman filter ; signal feature extraction methods ; sensor data fusion algorithm ; distributed architecture ; predictive modeling techniques ; Gaussian mixture model ; self-reporting ; deep learning ; mutual support degree ; security zones ; sensor array ; soft sensor ; aircraft pilot ; projection ; vehicle-to-everything ; distributed intelligence system ; square-root cubature Kalman filter ; information fusion ; evidence combination ; LiDAR ; feature representations ; multi-sensor information fusion ; linear constraints ; galvanic skin response ; decision-level sensor fusion ; most suitable parameter form ; Pignistic vector angle ; SINS/DVL integrated navigation ; fault diagnosis ; facial expression ; yaw estimation ; dual gating ; multi-sensor data fusion ; multisensor system ; A* search algorithm ; data fusion architectures ; drift compensation ; augmented state Kalman filtering (ASKF) ; manifold ; nested iterative method ; data preprocessing ; interference suppression ; conflicting evidence ; sonar network ; Gaussian process ; health management decision ; state estimation ; eye-tracking ; high-dimensional fusion data (HFD) ; MEMS accelerometer and gyroscope ; multitarget tracking ; gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density ; integer programming ; image registration ; Dempster–Shafer evidence theory ; linear regression ; data association ; nonlinear system ; covariance matrix ; multi-source data fusion ; fuzzy neural network ; least-squares filtering ; fire source localization ; network flow theory ; weight maps ; camera ; plane matching ; calibration ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; fixed-point filter ; workload ; intelligent and connected vehicles ; mimicry security switch strategy ; alumina concentration ; the Range-Point-Range frame ; spatiotemporal feature learning ; distributed fusion ; user experience evaluation ; image fusion ; vehicular localization ; sensor fusion ; vibration ; parameter learning ; weighted fusion estimation ; data registration ; pose estimation ; surface quality control ; trajectory reconstruction ; land vehicle ; square root ; Deng entropy ; multi-focus ; EEG ; low-cost sensors ; sensor fusing ; sensor data fusion ; packet dropouts ; estimation ; industrial cyber-physical system (ICPS) ; multi-sensor time series ; multi-sensor network ; Human Activity Recognition (HAR) ; transfer ; multisensor data fusion ; convergence condition ; interaction tracker ; acoustic emission ; Covariance Projection method ; mix-method approach ; orthogonal redundant inertial measurement units ; sematic segmentation ; Surface measurement ; conflict measurement ; user experience measurement ; observable degree analysis ; open world ; novel belief entropy ; cutting forces ; machine health monitoring ; Bayesian reasoning method ; orientation ; surface modelling ; hybrid adaptive filtering ; supervoxel ; RTS smoother ; Dempster-Shafer evidence theory (DST) ; fast guided filter. ; multi-sensor joint calibration ; principal component analysis ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 91
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: The present reprint contains all of the articles in the second edition of the Special Issue titled “Statistical Data Modeling and Machine Learning with Applications II”. This Special Issue belongs to the “Mathematics and Computer Science” Section and aims to publish research on the theory and application of statistical data modeling and machine learning. New mathematical methods and approaches, new algorithms and research frameworks, and their applications aimed at solving diverse and nontrivial practical problems are proposed and developed in this SI. We believe that the chosen papers are attractive and useful to the international scientific community and will contribute to further research in the field of statistical data modeling and machine learning.
    Keywords: forecasting model ; electricity energy consumption ; grey model ; artificial neural network ; machine learning ; rotation CART ensemble ; bagging ; boosting ; arcing ; simplified selective ensemble ; linear stacked model ; IoV ; xNN ; K-MEANS ; anomaly detection ; single-index models ; composite quantile regression ; SCAD ; Laplace error penalty (LEP) ; causality ; Bayesian networks ; scalability ; group lasso penalty ; data integration ; network estimation ; stability selection ; time series model ; wavelet transform ; neural network NARX ; ionospheric parameters ; gambling ; jackpot ; multidimensional integrals ; Monte Carlo methods ; lattice sequences ; digital sequences ; surface approximation ; surface segmentation ; surface denoising ; gaussian process latent variable model ; line geometry ; line elements ; regression ; classification ; prediction ; meteorological parameters ; traffic incidents ; multi-agent architecture ; air pollution ; random forest ; ARIMA errors ; MIMO averaging strategy ; multi-step ahead prediction ; unmeasured forecast ; Explainableartificial intelligence ; credit card frauds ; deep learning ; long short-term memory ; fraud classification ; lung cancer ; tumor ; CT image ; one-stage detector ; YOLO ; multi-scale ; receptive field ; data analysis ; decision trees ; LightGBM ; SHAP ; leisure time ; influencing factors ; time allocation ; neural networks ; cosmic rays ; space weather ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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  • 92
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Urbanization is a dominant driver of landscape transformation across the world, with cities representing centers of economic and socio-cultural development. Today, more than 4.2 billion people live in urban areas, which represent ~3% of the Earth’s land area. By 2050, it is predicted this number will increase to 6.6 billion people (~70% of the predicted global population). As the human population grows, cities around the globe will continue to expand, increasing the demand for food and services. Within cities, urban forests provide multiple nature-based solutions, as well as other environmental services and socio-economic benefits, such as heat mitigation and social integration. Urban forests are also important for coping with psychological stress during events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, urban forests are a priority for basic and applied forest research because they are intimately connected with people’s physical, cultural, and economic well-being in the urban environment, and can also be important reservoirs of biodiversity. To promote a better understanding of urban forests and landscape ecology, this book in “Urban Forests and Landscape Ecology” compiled research set in urban forests and focused on some spatially explicit processes. Studies presented in this book are highly interdisciplinary and use a wide range of research approaches. This book present nine scientific publications from global urban forests demonstrating that these forests, as a nature-based solution, provide multiple environmental services and are crucial to improve urban livability and thereby the wellbeing of city dwellers.
    Keywords: aesthetics ; causal effects ; crown form ; foliage form ; urban forests ; urban forest ; NATURA 2000 area ; soundscape ; birds ; biological diversity ; ecosystem disservices ; Mediterranean region ; green infrastructure ; urban forest types ; indicators ; microclimate ; human thermal comfort ; outdoor thermal environment ; public health ; ecological services ; urban green space ; remote sensing ; deep learning ; convolutional neural network ; residual structure ; attention mechanism ; n/a ; urban biodiversity ; urban habitat quality ; InVEST model ; land surface temperature ; Moran’s I ; Zhengzhou ; social media data ; spatiotemporal utilization ; Shanghai ; ecological function ; landscape structure ; GIS ; air pollution alleviation ; accumulation on leaves ; PM2.5 ; encapsulated particles ; urban trees ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 93
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: This reprint showcases a selection of bleeding-edge articles about medical image processing and segmentation workflows based on artificial intelligence algorithms. The proposed papers are applied to multiple and different anatomical districts and clinical scenarios.
    Keywords: fundus image ; image registration ; deep learning ; computer vision applications ; nuclei segmentation ; histopathology ; Grad-CAM ; semantic segmentation ; instance segmentation ; nuclei detection ; pap smear ; cervical net ; shuffle net ; canonical correlation analysis (CCA) ; support vector machine (SVM) ; random forest (RF) ; k-nearest neighbour (KNN) ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; dual-energy CT ; two-step method ; limited-angular range ; directional total variation ; PA ; CNN ; tooth disease recognition ; image segmentation ; image preprocessing ; breast cancer ; mitotic nuclei classification ; histopathology images ; artificial hummingbird algorithm ; medical imaging ; cervical cancer ; feature fusion ; feature selection ; deep learning structures ; support vector machine ; disease discrimination accuracy ; performance comparisons ; 2D/3D registration ; orthogonal X-ray ; breast density ; CAD ; image enhancement ; textural ; auto-segmentation ; neuroimaging ; magnetic resonance imaging ; ovarian tumor ; 2D ultrasound image ; image inpainting ; lesion segmentation ; attention mechanism ; GAN ; medical image analysis ; synthetic CT ; MRI guidance ; MRI-only ; image-guided radiotherapy ; carbon ion radiotherapy ; particle therapy ; rare tumor ; PCNSL ; radiomics ; image normalization ; MRI ; prostate cancer ; prostate segmentation ; U-Net ; mp-MRI ; loss function ; automatic volume measurement ; ultrasound bladder scanner ; edge computing ; urinary disease ; artificial intelligence ; mandible ; segmentation ; 3D virtual reconstruction ; CBCT ; CT ; Convolutional Neural Networks ; comparison ; in-house ; software ; patch size ; Cranio-Maxillofacial surgery ; DICOM ; osteoarthritis ; histopathological ; hematoxylin eosin ; safranin O fast green ; DarkNet-19 ; MobileNet ; NasNet ; ResNet-101 ; ShuffleNet ; PCA ; ALO ; ensemble learning ; OCT ; pyramidal network ; scale-adaptive ; teeth segmentation ; panoramic radiographs ; mask-transformer-based networks ; panoptic segmentation ; tuberous sclerosis complex ; children ; convolutional neural network ; multi-contrast MRI ; rare neurodevelopmental disorder ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 94
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The papers collected in this special issue clearly reflect the modern research trends in materials science. These fields of specific attention are high-Mn TWIP steels, high-Cr heat resistant steels, aluminum alloys, ultrafine grained materials including those developed by severe plastic deformation, and high-entropy alloys. The major portion of the collected papers is focused on the mechanisms of microstructure evolution and the mechanical properties of metallic materials subjected to various thermo-mechanical, deformation or heat treatments. Another large portion of the studies is aimed on the elaboration of alloying design of advanced steels and alloys. The changes in phase content, transformation and particle precipitation and their effect on the properties are also broadly presented in this collection, including the microstructure/property changes caused by irradiation.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; TP155-156 ; n/a ; microstructure ; high-pressure torsion ; electron backscattered diffraction ; grain boundary engineering ; strengthening mechanism ; precipitation ; recrystallization ; bimodal ferrite steel ; transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ; hot compression ; metal–matrix composite ; columnar grain ; shape memory alloy ; hardness ; structural steel plate ; dynamic recovery ; nonmetallic inclusions ; SEM ; Cu-Al-Mn ; ferritic steel ; strain rate ; strengthening ; elastocaloric effect ; Mg–Sm–Zn–Zr ; dynamic recrystallization ; growth rate ; corrosion resistance ; lead-free solder ; high-Mn TWIP steel ; Sn-8.0Sb-3.0Ag ; SDSS ; measuring temperature ; texture ; martensitic steels ; dynamic precipitation ; nanoindentation ; Al-Fe-Si-Zr system ; low-temperature ; orientation relationship ; M23C6 ; PWHT ; grain refinement ; force peak ; aging ; cycle time ; amorphization ; Al metal matrix composites ; aluminum alloys ; in situ tensile testing ; microstructure evolution ; Cu-Cr-Zr ; irradiation ; EBSD ; welded rotor ; ?-phase ; high-entropy alloys ; creep ; martensitic expansion ; super duplex stainless steel ; mechanical properties ; high-Mn steel ; ion irradiation ; austenitic 304 stainless steels ; impact toughness ; cold rolling ; ultrafine-grained microstructure ; press hardening ; mechanical property ; recovery ; annealing ; deformation twinning ; post-weld heat treatment ; rare earth control ; abnormal grain growth ; electron microscopy ; sub-merged arc welding ; M6C ; RAFM steels ; microstructure analysis ; electrical resistivity ; twinning ; Sb solder ; work hardening ; microhardness ; hot stamping ; weld metal ; electrical conductivity ; solder microstructure ; annealing twins ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 95
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Machine learning (ML) technologies are emerging in Mechanical Engineering, driven by the increasing availability of datasets, coupled with the exponential growth in computer performance. In fact, there has been a growing interest in evaluating the capabilities of ML algorithms to approach topics related to metal forming processes, such as: Classification, detection and prediction of forming defects; Material parameters identification; Material modelling; Process classification and selection; Process design and optimization. The purpose of this Special Issue is to disseminate state-of-the-art ML applications in metal forming processes, covering 10 papers about the abovementioned and related topics.
    Keywords: sheet metal forming ; uncertainty analysis ; metamodeling ; machine learning ; hot rolling strip ; edge defects ; intelligent recognition ; convolutional neural networks ; deep-drawing ; kriging metamodeling ; multi-objective optimization ; FE (Finite Element) AutoForm robust analysis ; defect prediction ; mechanical properties prediction ; high-dimensional data ; feature selection ; maximum information coefficient ; complex network clustering ; ring rolling ; process energy estimation ; metal forming ; thermo-mechanical FEM analysis ; artificial neural network ; aluminum alloy ; mechanical property ; UTS ; topological optimization ; artificial neural networks (ANN) ; machine learning (ML) ; press-brake bending ; air-bending ; three-point bending test ; sheet metal ; buckling instability ; oil canning ; artificial intelligence ; convolution neural network ; hot rolled strip steel ; defect classification ; generative adversarial network ; attention mechanism ; deep learning ; mechanical constitutive model ; finite element analysis ; plasticity ; parameter identification ; full-field measurements ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTU Mining technology and engineering
    Language: English
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue contains a series of excellent research works on telecommunications and signal processing, selected from the 2018 41st International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP) which was held on July 4–6, 2018, in Athens, Greece. The conference was organized in cooperation with the IEEE Region 8 (Europe, Middle East, and Africa), IEEE Greece Section, IEEE Czechoslovakia Section, and IEEE Czechoslovakia Section SP/CAS/COM Joint Chapter by seventeen universities from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Turkey, Taiwan, Japan, Slovak Republic, Spain, Bulgaria, France, Slovenia, Croatia, and Poland, for academics, researchers, and developers, and serves as a premier international forum for the annual exchange and promotion of the latest advances in telecommunication technology and signal processing. The aim of the conference is to bring together both novice and experienced scientists, developers, and specialists, to meet new colleagues, collect new ideas, and establish new cooperation between research groups from universities, research centers, and private sectors worldwide. This collection of 10 papers is highly recommended for researchers, and believed to be interesting, inspiring, and motivating for readers in their further research.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; similarity measure ; dynamic time warping ; n/a ; Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) ; multispectral information ; transmission convergence layer ; 3D segmentation ; micrographia ; MATLAB ; neural network ; wireless communication ; identification ; interference alignment ; Parkinson’s disease dysgraphia ; NG-PON2 ; timing ; GPON ; semantic segmentation ; fractional-order filters ; maximum likelihood criterion ; kinematic analysis ; multitemporal data ; fractional calculus ; multi-hop relay network ; u-net ; interference leakage ; Richardson iteration ; activation process ; acoustic analysis ; follow-up study ; fractional-order derivative ; electrocardiogram (ECG) ; deep learning ; security ; modulo M quasi-stationary ; cognitive radio ; low-pass filters ; time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TIADC) ; sample-and-hold (S/H) mismatch ; authentication ; pattern recognition ; online handwriting ; sparse inference ; Taylor series ; EPON ; open-source ; spine ; machine learning ; brain ; signal representation ; magnitude responses ; Chebyshev filters ; XG-PON ; phonation ; hypokinetic dysarthria ; Parkinson’s disease ; overcomplete multi-scale dictionary construction ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 97
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-05-11
    Description: Billions of people suffer from dental problems. Paradoxically, the deteriorating state of teeth is accompanied by the ever-increasing desire to preserve the best facial appearance, which is significantly influenced by teeth aesthetics. This favors the development of dental materials and manufacturing technologies for dental prosthetics, needed to achieve expected effects of clinical treatment.This reprint focus on enhancing antimicrobial and mechanical properties of polymeric materials and composites for dentistry. In recent years, special attention has been focused on the possibility of giving materials new or improved properties by the introduction of nano or submicron size additives, fibers or whiskers. Using agents such as natural oils to enhance antimicrobial properties remains an exciting idea. Another area of research is the application of antibacterial monomers, which can be copolymerized in resins to kill oral pathogenic microflora. The use of new monomers or new compilations of various monomers to improve mechanical properties has also aroused interest. In addition, we are currently looking for new data regarding colonization of dental materials by pathogenic microbes and their influence on the other properties. Further, there are many new commercially available materials which should be investigated to verify their properties, which is important from the point of view of clinical practice. Original new research and reviews related to any of the topics mentioned above indicate the current directions of development of dental materials. We hope that the presented work will be of interest to readers.
    Keywords: dental cements ; ethanol ; water ; resistance ; DTS ; Vickers hardness ; dental materials ; dimethacrylates ; polymer networks ; structure ; morphology ; degree of conversion ; crosslink density ; physical crosslinking ; hydrogen bonds ; mechanical properties ; water sorption ; polymethyl methacrylate ; denture ; antibacterial properties ; silver ; sorption ; solubility ; wear resistance ; FRC ; bonding ; technique ; fiber ; reinforced ; composite ; spot ; mechanical ; deflection ; orthodontics ; brushing ; wear ; retainer ; splint ; load ; direct pulp capping ; indirect pulp capping ; ProRoot MTA ; MTA Angelus ; retroMTA ; biodentine ; theraCal LC ; ACTIVA BioACTIVE ; vital pulp therapy ; glass fiber ; composite post ; endodontic therapy ; etching ; post and core technique ; silane ; glass-ionomer cements ; resin-modified ; fibre ; reinforcement ; nanoparticles ; testing ; strength ; P2O5-bioglass ; zirconia ; melt-quenching ; SBF ; hydroxyapatite ; in vitro bioactivity ; essential oils ; oral pathogens ; antibacterial activity ; S. mutans ; L. acidophilus ; C. albicans ; antifungal activity ; resin composite ; wettability ; biofilm formation ; cytotoxicity ; polymers ; antimicrobial properties ; infiltrants ; metronidazole ; dental ceramics ; spectroscopy ; IR ; FT-IR ; Raman spectroscopy ; UV-Vis ; X-ray spectroscopy ; XRF ; XRD ; MS ; dental resins ; UDMA ; Bis-GMA ; Bis-EMA ; TEGDMA ; hardness ; water absorption ; water dissolution ; CAD-CAM ; inlay ; lithium disilicate ; zirconium dioxide ; root caries ; infiltration ; microstomatology ; adhesive ; bracket ; dentures ; denture adhesives ; human fibroblasts ; composite resins ; Streptococcus mutans ; dental caries ; bacterial adhesion ; oleic acid ; PMMA ; filamentation ; biofilm ; antimicrobial surface ; Candida albicans ; colonization ; penetration ; dimethacrylate copolymers ; quaternary ammonium methacrylates ; urethane-dimethacrylates ; photocurable copolymers ; water behavior ; thermoplastic materials ; laboratory protocol ; texture ; roughness ; biomaterial ; polymer ; microbial degradation ; artificial saliva ; mucins ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 98
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Increases in population, booming economy, rapid urbanization and the rise of living standard have exponentially accelerated waste production. Currently, 2 billion tons per year of municipal solid waste is produced worldwide and about 33% of this amount remains uncollected by different municipalities.. However, the entire waste production process concerns different streams and origins other than municipal solid waste, including industrial, agricultural, construction and demolitions waste; and hazardous, medical and electronic waste. Published papers, as a whole, concern different waste materials such as the recovery of different building materials, the treatment of waste deriving from electrical and electronic equipment, the utilization of stainless-steel slags, agricultural and domestic waste and plastics. In conclusion, the works demonstrate scientific and technological relevance in terms of the topics dealt with, but the problems addressed in this Special Issue proceed beyond the solution that the scientific community is able to propose. In fact, our industrial system, at the end of its cycle of production and consumption, has not developed the capacity to absorb and reuse waste and byproducts. We have not yet managed to adopt a circular model of production capable of preserving resources for present and future generations.
    Keywords: pyrolysis ; biochars ; agricultural waste ; biomass ; recycled aggregates ; self-compacting concrete ; design parameters ; fresh concrete properties ; mix design ; printed circuit boards ; spent mobile phones ; thiourea ; precious metals ; hydrometallurgy ; factorial plans ; plastic waste ; carbon nanotubes ; plastic oil ; fuels ; monomer recovery ; olefins ; reusing of wastes ; secondary lime ; neutralization ; reduce landfill ; acidic wastewater treatment ; sustainable production ; recycling ; lathe waste ; CNC machining ; sustainable development ; mix modification ; workability ; mechanical properties ; thermal properties ; bottom ash ; dry treatment ; incineration ; municipal solid waste ; potential toxic elements ; salts ; sound absorber ; cigarette butts ; sustainable material ; chemical cleaning ; stainless steel slag ; upscale trials ; mixing time ; absorption ; circular economy ; oil spill ; refrigerator ; WEEE ; waste ; value-added materials ; calcium oxide ; eggshell ; incense sticks ; adsorption ; wastewater ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 99
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue reprint, “Advanced Polymer Nanocomposites II”, addresses high-quality original and review papers, focused on the scientific discussion and practical application in the field of functional polymer nanocomposites, including: (a) optoelectronic materials (papers 1-9); (b) biomedical materials (papers 10-14); and (c) other functional polymer nanocomposites (papers 15-23). We hope that this Special Issue reprint can promote academic research exchanges and identify and respond to tremendous challenges of research in this burgeoning field.
    Keywords: hexagonal boron nitride ; jet cavitation ; silicone ; thermal conductivity ; silica sol ; soft contact lens ; poly(HEMA-co-NVP) ; oxygen permeability ; hydrophilicity ; POSS ; phenolic resin ; hydrogen bonding ; supercapacitors ; parylene ; CVD ; bioremediation ; polymer ; cellulase ; Bacillus ; Li4Ti5O12 ; polyimide ; carbon coating ; lithium ion battery ; rate performance ; polyaniline ; ferrite ; α″-Fe16N2 ; superparamagnetic ; inverse suspension polymerization ; β-tricalcium phosphate ; biocomposites ; osteoconduction ; polycaprolactone ; epoxy resin ; nanocomposites ; silica nanoparticles ; mechanical behavior ; high strain rate ; split Hopkinson bar ; FeNC catalyst ; polyimine ; two-stage calcination ; oxygen reduction reaction ; bone tissue regeneration ; chitosan nanocomposites ; critical size defect ; graphene oxide ; titanium dioxide nanoparticles ; polymer electrolytes ; composites ; biopolymers ; zinc batteries ; magnesium batteries ; properties ; graphene ; carbon nanotubes ; electromagnetic interference shielding ; Nepenthes structure ; bionic replica ; zwitterion polymers ; self-driving water ; unidirectional water delivery ; surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection ; cable joint ; liquid silicone rubber ; nonlinear conductivity ; space charge ; magnetic nanomaterials ; conjugated polymers ; poly-N-phenylanthranilic acid ; one-step synthesis ; IR heating ; natural rubber latex ; Bi2O3 ; BaSO4 ; X-ray shielding ; gloves ; mechanical properties ; poly ionic liquids ; nanofibers ; electrospinning ; gold nanoparticles ; hybrid nanocomposites ; polyurethanes ; solution blow spinning ; dielectrics ; superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) ; dry coating ; solvent-free process ; discrete core-shell coating ; propargyl methacrylate (PMA) ; mesoporous carbon microbeads (MCMB) ; solid electrolyte interface (SEI) ; reinforcement ; nanocomposite ; application ; supramolecular micelle ; C60 ; hydroxyl radical scavenger ; surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection ; water pollutants ; bionic nanostructure ; silver nanoislands ; thermal evaporation ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 100
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: This Special Issue is a book composed by collecting documents published through peer review on the research of various advanced technologies related to applications and theories of signal processing for multimedia systems using ML or advanced methods. Multimedia signals include image, video, audio, character recognition and optimization of communication channels for networks. The specific contents included in this book are data hiding, encryption, object detection, image classification, and character recognition. Academics and colleagues who are interested in these topics will find it interesting to read.
    Keywords: data hiding ; AMBTC ; BTC ; Hamming code ; LSB ; predicate encryption ; inner product encryption ; constant-size private key ; efficient decryption ; constant pairing computations ; watermarking ; self-embedding ; digital signature ; fragile watermarking ; constrained backtracking matching pursuit ; sparse reconstruction ; compressed sensing ; greedy pursuit algorithm ; image processing ; visual surveillance ; deep learning ; object detection ; latency optimization ; mobile edge cloud ; connected autonomous cars ; smart city ; video surveillance ; physical layer security ; secure transmission ; secrecy capacity ; secrecy capacity optimization artificial noise ; power allocation ; channel estimation error ; neural network ; transfer learning ; scalograms ; MFCC ; Log-mel ; pre-trained models ; seismic patch classification ; CNN-features ; data complexity ; handwritten text recognition ; Residual Network ; Transformer model ; named entity recognition ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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