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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous  (4)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous  (2)
  • viscosity
  • MISCELLANEA INGV  (5)
  • American Institute of Physics
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Years
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-12-21
    Description: Explosive events, lava-fountains and effusions frequently characterize eruptive activity at Etna. Consequently, the town of Catania and many local municipalities are potentially exposed to ash fallout and lava flows. Besides volcanic hazard, earthquakes and landslides affect this volcanic region as well. The Task 5.1 of the European project "MED-SUV'' (Grant Agreement n°. 308665) deals with the observation of these threatening phenomena from space and ground and their characterization and understanding. The Task encompasses six subtasks, which focus on and analyze the aforementioned hazards in terms of their characteristics, duration and spatial dimension: • Test cases for significant eruptive events have been defined by the subtask 5.1.1. The time span from 2005 to 2011 was chosen for its wealth of eruptive episodes and their well-documented evolution; • The mapping of eruptive products from satellite data will allow us the improvement of the interpretation and modeling of the mechanisms of cone-forming and lava flow emplacement. This topic is developed in the subtask 5.1.2; • Multidisciplinary experiments are planned in the subtask 5.1.3, and will be carried out at the North­ East Crater in July 2014; • Another important deliverable is given by tools of data mining proposed by the subtask 5.1.4. These tools will be available for the analysis of parameters of whatever nature (e.g., geochemical, geophysical), providing they are processed in numerical format; • The subtask 5.1.5 provides a characterization of the volcanic plume and eruptive products, with an integrated analysis of atmospheric, satellite and ground-based measurements, which play an important role in ash-cloud dispersal models; • The sub 5.1.6 focuses on landslide susceptibility analysis and zoning. The goal will be to highlight the regional distribution of potentially unstable slopes based on a detailed study of the factors responsible for landslides.
    Description: Published
    Description: Nicolosi (Catania), Italy
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: open
    Keywords: Etna ; volcanic activity ; threatening phenomena ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2020-05-29
    Description: The concept of Augmented Reality (AR) has spread out since the development of the famous game “Pokémon Go!” The game contains all the main features of AR and was downloaded more than 100 million times only in its first month of life (The Guardian, 2016, (https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/oct/23/augmented-reality-development-future-smartphone)). AR is part of the Virtual Reality approach, but creates a new experience around the user’s world in real time, adding some useful information based on the pointed target. Elements that “increase” reality can be detected through a mobile device, such as a smartphone, through a video camera on board on a tablet, or any new wearable devices. In addition, mobile on-board sensors, such as GPS, accelerometer, and gyrocompass, are exploited to enrich AR user’s experience. In the framework of the European KnowRISK (Know your city, Reduce seISmic risK through non-structural elements) project, we focus on tools for the dissemination of science education in the field of seismic hazard and, in particular, for the mitigation of the non–structural damage caused by earthquakes. In this light, we develop new dissemination formats using AR features. In this paper, we propose a “talking poster” that deals with seismic hazard, providing useful information to increase common awareness on earthquakes. The poster covers different sections containing static images: they are the “virtual buttons” to start the KnowRisk software application. Based on a Tablet or similar mobile device, it is possible to run a demo scenario that highlights potential non-structural damage inside a house or in public buildings (schools, roads, public workspaces). The tool is developed by using the Wikitude™ framework provided by Wikitude GmbH (www.wikitude.com), under Android OS version 4+.
    Description: Co-financed by European Commission's Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Grant agreement ECHO/SUB/2015/718655/PREV28
    Description: Published
    Description: Catania, Italy
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: open
    Keywords: earthquakes ; non-structural damage ; augmented reality ; seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the framework of MED-SUV, WP5 is in charge of studying Mt. Etna's volcanic activity. We defmed periods and phenomena of the volcano activity to be used by the WP5 partners as Test Cases in the time window 2005-2011 i.e. that of the data available in the MED-SUV database. Overall, characterisation of eruptive activity and/or periods of quiescence will improve our knowledge on the geophysical and geochemical processes taking place inside Mt. Etna's volcanic system. These processes to be characterized include: • magma formation and evolution, • conditions of storage and transfer of magma in reservoirs at different levels within the crust; • physical and chemical interaction of magma with surrounding rocks and fracture/fault systems and their effects at the surface; • opening of eruptive vents/fissures as well as eruptive processes (including the formation and evolution of lava fields, volcanic plumes, pyroclastic fallout, etc.). The joint effort around the Test Cases will help the WP5 team addressing key questions such as: • what has determined changes of Mt. Etna eruptive style (mainly effusive vs. short-lasting, frequent paroxysmal events) in the last decades? • how is the shallow plumbing system (-1-4 km from the summit) structured? What are the processes occurring in this portion of the volcano feeding system and the key parameters controlling these processes? How does magma behave at shallow depths? • what is the suitability of cross-correlated parameters/models for shedding light on the relationship between shallow (〈5-6 km) earthquakes of the eastern flank ofMt. Etna and volcanic activity (if any)? For such questions, analysing carefully the periods of "quiescence" that precede eruptions is not less important than analyzing the eruptions themselves.
    Description: Published
    Description: Nicolosi (Catania), Italy
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: open
    Keywords: Etna ; volcanic activity ; test cases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-04-03
    Description: A multidisciplinary approach based on image analysis of seismic signals, thermodynamics and mass balance has been here adopted to find quantitative relations between magma degassing at depth and the transition from Strombolian activity to lava fountaining for a set of paroxysmal eruptions occurred at Mt. Etna volcano in March-April 2013. The image processing of the seismogram allows handling of a huge quantity of data, providing a tool for the simple extraction of numerical values. We propose a model based on the consideration that gas outbursts are a vehicle of the transfer of energy tracked by seismic signals during the uprising of magma. Thus, the simple assumption of a relation of proportionality between the energy of the seismic signal and the mass of exsolved gas allows us to interpret transitions of the eruptive style as due to the amount of undegassed magma recharging the feeding system. Changes of this recharge rate in the range of 1:20 control the evolution of the eruptive process, and are evidence for the limited area section of the feeding conduit. Being this transition process observed in volcanic regions worldwide, the model can be successfully applied to other basaltic volcanoes. Furthermore, the image analysis technique may be applied to other contexts in which the interpretation of seismograms is necessary.
    Description: Published
    Description: Nicolosi (Catania), Italy
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: open
    Keywords: Etna ; magma degassing ; modelling ; image processing ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The effect of pressure on melt viscosity was investigated for five compositions along the join An(CaAl2Si2O8)–Di(CaMgSi2O6) and four alkali silicates containing lithium, sodium, and potassium in constant ratio of ∼ 1:1:1, but alkali-silica ratios are varying. The experiments were performed in an internally heated gas pressure vessel at pressures from 50 to 400 MPa in the viscosity range from 108 to 1011.5 Pa⋅s using parallel plate viscometry. The polymerized An composition shows a negative pressure dependence of viscosity while the other, more depolymerized compositions of the join An–Di have neutral to positive pressure coefficients. The alkali silicates display neutral to slightly positive pressure coefficients for melt viscosity. These findings in the high viscosity range of 108–1011 Pa⋅s, where pressure appears to be more efficient than in low viscous melts at high temperature, are consistent with previous results on the viscosity of polymerized to depolymerized melts in the system NaAlSi3O8–CaMgSi2O6 by Behrens and Schulze [ H. Behrens and F. Schulze, Am. Mineral. 88, 1351 (2003) ]. Thus we confirm that the sign of the pressure coefficient for viscosity is mainly related to the degree of melt polymerization in silicate and aluminosilicate melts.
    Description: DFG Grant n.°BE1720/9
    Description: Published
    Description: 044504-14
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: viscosity ; polymerisation ; anorthite ; diopside ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Mt. Etna covers a region prone to earthquakes with low to moderate magnitude in southern Italy. Nevertheless, its seismicity can yield serious non-structural damage due to the superficial seismic foci. For this reason, it is necessary an effective prevention activity of education and preparedness to seismic hazard for the local populations. One of the fundamental tasks of the European KnowRISK project (Know your city, Reduce seISmic risK through non-structural elements) is the dissemination of information to reduce non-structural damage from earthquakes in three pilot areas (Portugal, Iceland, and Italy). Focusing on tools that can convey such a useful information among laypersons and students, we choose Augmented Reality (AR) for its interactivity, simplicity and efficacy. AR enhances the user's perception of and interaction with the real world. It has inspired the “Intelligence Amplification” concept (Brooks, 1996) in which computers are tools to make easier human being life. Elements that “increase” reality are visible using a mobile device, such as a smartphone, through a video camera on board on a tablet, or any new wearable devices. We tested our first AR application during ScienzAperta in May 2016, an open-door event organized at INGV in Catania, and addressed to pupils and students who live in the Etna region. For that application, we referred to Wikitude trade mark framework provided by Wikitude GmbH (www.wikitude.com), under Android OS version 4+. Throughout ScienzAperta, all visitors were astonished by the AR experience, as the majority of them never heard before about AR applications. What’s happened after the Pokémon Go! revolution? Actually, the worldwide success of the game makes easy to understand the potential impact of AR, which is not only useful for games. This new video game experience represents indeed a milestone for the future of AR: “the success of AR games such as Pokémon Go!, which was downloaded more than 100 million times in its first month, reportedly earning $10m per day at the height of its popularity, has attracted widespread attention and investment” (The Gardian, 2016). As mobile devices (like glasses, smartwatches, etc.) will be even wearable in the next future, many important groups among the biggest technology communities are working hard to create some amazing smart devices (Fig. 1). This will increase the great success of AR technology among the “digital native” generation, raising our motivation to use this new way of communication to disseminate a better culture of safety.
    Description: Co-financed by European Commissions's Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection, Grant agreement ECHO/SUB/2015/718655/PREV28
    Description: Published
    Description: Catania, Italy
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: open
    Keywords: earthquakes ; non-structural damage ; augmented reality ; seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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