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  • Articles  (611,142)
  • American Institute of Physics  (610,459)
  • INGV
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  • 1
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    2001 Bhuj-Kachchh earthquake: surface faulting and its relation with neotectonics and regional structures, Gujarat, Western India (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-27
    Description: Primary and secondary surface deformation related to the 2001 Bhuj-Kachchh earthquake suggests that thrusting movement took place along an E-W fault near the western extension of the South Wagad Fault, a synthetic fault of the Kachchh Mainland Fault (KMF). Despite early reconnaissance reports that concluded there was no primary surface faulting, we describe an 830 m long, 15-35 cm high, east-west-trending thrust fault scarp near where the seismogenic fault plane would project to the surface, near Bharodiya village (between 23°34.912'N, 70°23.942'E and 23°34.304'N, 70°24.884'E). Along most of the scarp Jurassic bedrock is thrust over Quaternary deposits, but the fault scarp also displaces Holocene alluvium and an earth dam, with dips of 13° to 36° south. Secondary co-seismic features, mainly liquefaction and lateral spreading, dominate the area south of the thrust. Transverse right-lateral movement along the «Manfara Fault» and a parallel fault near Bharodiya suggests segmentation of the E-W master faults. Primary (thrust) surface rupture had a length of 0.8 km, maximum displacement of about 35 cm, and average displacement of about 15 cm. Secondary (strike-slip) faulting was more extensive, with a total end-to-end length of 15 km, maximum displacement of 35 cm, and average displacement of about 20 cm.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: surface rupture ; Kachchh earthquake ; thrust fault ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Escape Volcano: un nuovo gioco geo-scientifico (2020)
    INGV
    In:  Di Nezza M., Misiti V., Di Laura F., D’Addezio G., (2020). Escape Volcano: un nuovo gioco geoscientifico. Misc. INGV, 55: 134.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-15
    Description: Escape Volcano is a new scientific game that, through a path made of boxes, allows children andteenagers to question themselves and learn about issues related to the Earth Sciences and the risksassociated.The game is the brainchild of the INGV researchers of Rome who designed it, in close collaborationwith students from two third­year classes at the “Primo Levi” Scientific High School in Rome, as partof the Alternanza Scuola Lavoro (hereafter ASL) project “Life as a Researcher”; this educational­ludicsociety game deals, with the basic knowledge of volcanoes and earthquakes, providing ideas for themitigation of the risks associated with them, with purpose of environmental protection. In thefollowing will be illustrate the different phases that led the transformation of the original idea in toa project, as well as the realization of the “Prototype 00” carried out in the laboratories of the INGV.During the planning phase, the game was designed for boys of secondary school.The results obtained during this test phase, that was carried out for a year in various scientific events,allowed gathering excellent hints, in the terms of scientific content and rules. These advices permittedto improve the game fluidity and made it accessible for players of all ages, as well as for childrenwith different types of disabilities that necessitate special attention.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-34
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: dissemination ; geosciences ; game ; gamification ; volcanic hazards ; SLD ; Specific Learning Disabilities or Disorder
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Gas geochemistry for the Los Azufres (Michoacán) geothermal reservoir, México (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-23
    Description: Gas data of the Los Azufres geothermal field were analyzed using a method based on equilibrium of the Fischer- Tropsch (FT) reaction: CH4 + 2H2O = 4H2 +CO2 and on the combined pyrite-hematite-magnetite (HSH2) reactions: 5/4 H2 +3/2 FeS2 +3/4 Fe2O3 + 7/4 H2O = 3 H2S +Fe3O4 in order to estimate reservoir temperature and excess steam. The solution of equilibrium equations produces a grid (FT-HSH2). This method is suitable for reservoirs with relatively high H2S but low H2 and NH3 concentrations in the fluid as is the case of the Los Azufres well discharges. Reservoir temperature and reservoir excess steam values were estimated for initial and present conditions in representative wells of the field to study the evolution of fluids, because of exploitation and waste fluids reinjection. This method was very useful in estimating reservoir temperatures in vapor wells, while in two-phase wells it was found that as the well produces a smaller fraction of water, the reservoir temperature estimation agrees qualitatively with results from cationic or silica geothermometers. For liquid-dominated wells the reservoir temperature estimations agree with temperatures obtained from the well simulator WELFLO. This indicates that FT-HSH2 results provide the temperature of the fluid entering the well where the last equilibrium occurs. Results show a decrease in reservoir temperatures in the southern zone of the field where intensive reinjection takes place. With exploitation, it was also noted that the deep liquid phase in the reservoir is changing to two-phase increasing the reservoir steam fraction and the non-condensable gases in well discharges.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Los Azufres geothermal field ; gas geochemistry ; geothermal gas equilibria ; reservoir exploitation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Continuous monitoring of CO2 and H2S air concentration and soil CO2 flux survey for gas hazard assessment at Tor Caldara nature reserve (Anzio, Italy). (2020)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-10
    Description: Tor Caldara natural reserve hosts the southernmost discharge of endogenous gas of Colli Albani volcano (mostly CO2 with a relevant H2S content up to 6.3 vol.%). Gas discharges in zones where past sulfur mining removed the impervious surficial cover (e.g. Miniera Grande and Miniera Piccola) and along tectonic fissures. A structural study of the reserve has shown the presence of two zones with different characteristics: prevailing directions NS and N30° in the northern zone; EW and N60° in the southern one. In MarchJuly 2012 a geochemical study was carried out, including a soil CO2 flux survey and continuous monitoring (from 2 to 11 days) of air concentration of CO2 and H2S in 12 sites of the reserve. Environmental parameters were also monitored. Total diffuse soil flux of endogenous CO2 was estimated to 17.48 ton*day1 from 1,259 measurements over a 0.47 km2 surface, with 6.56 ton*day1 only from Miniera Grande. This is the second highest value of soil CO2 flux at Miniera Grande, after that of 2005 (9.25 ton*day1) and is significantly higher than in 2009 (1.20 ton*day1). As both the 2005 and 2012 surveys were made shortly after earthquakes with epicentres near to Tor Caldara (max ML= 4.7 in 2005 and 3.5 in 2012), data confirm that soil CO2 flux increases during earthquakes because of seismic rock microfracturing and soil shaking. Hazardous air concentrations have been found only for H2S, up to immediately lethal values (5651,124 ppm) and with potentially lethal values (≥ 250 ppm) long persisting (up to 12h27’) in several no wind nights. Instead, the CO2 air concentration remained always well below dangerous levels (maximum recorded value = 2.1 vol.%). The most hazardous gas releasing sites were found in Miniera Grande and in a small pond NE of Miniera Piccola, where the carcasses of mammals and other small animals are frequently found. The killer gas is H2S, and the dangerous sites should be appropriately fenced to prevent access to people and animals.
    Description: Regione Lazio Civil Protection Department
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-48
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Tor Caldara gas hazard assessment; Soil CO2 flux; CO2 and H2S air concentration monitoring ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    La sismicità storica dell'isola senza terremoti (2020)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-18
    Description: probably confirm this opinion, with qualifica ons. Historical earthquake catalogues, up to CPTI11 [Rovida et al., 2011], report only one Mw 5.1 event on 13 November 1948: it was located in the Sardinian Sea, and had very modest effects on land. In later decades, the seismic networks did record very few earthquakes of moderate energy (Mw 〈5), mostly located off-shore, either south-east of Cagliari or west of Olbia or in the Sea of Sardinia. The most recent ones (occurred in 2000, 2004 and 2006) had very slight effects on the island. Given the low level of instrumental seismicity and the weak macroseismic effects of known historical earthquakes, Sardinia's seismic risk is perceived as very low. The low seismicity of the region certainly has a geological explana on, given that the Corsica-Sardinia block is among the most stable areas of the Mediterranean basin. “Low”, however, does not mean “non- existent”: recent historical research has improved knowledge on the major known historical earthquake of Sardinia (it occurred on June 4, 1616 and was responsible for minor but widespread damage to the system of coastal watchtowers, south-west of Cagliari) and rediscovered several minor earthquakes, part of which were known to the seismological tradi on but had been almost completely forgo en. This paper collects all the documenta on available at present on the seismic history of Sardinia.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-160
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Sardinia ; Seismicity ; Seismic history ; Historical Earthquakes ; Historical seismology ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Imaging the Salinelle Mud Volcanoes (Sicily, Italy) using integrated geophysical and geochemical surveys (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-07
    Description: Geochemical and geophysical prospecting methods (including measurements of soil heat flux and soil CO2 flux, gravimetry, self-potential and geomagnetism) are used to produce an integrated data set aimed at imaging the migration of fluids in the sub-surface at the Salinelle mud volcanoes, located on the lower southwestern flank of Mt Etna (Sicily, Italy). This area was affected by magmatic eruptions from local volcanic centers between about 48 and 27 ka. Today, only pseudo-volcanic phenomena due to over-pressured multiphase pore fluids there occur. Carbon dioxide of magmatic origin, mixed with biogenic hydrocarbons, warm hypersaline waters and mud, are constantly released at the surface through the main conduits of mud volcanoes, whose activity is characterized by alternation of mild gas bubbling periods and strong paroxysmal phases. The latter produce violent gas eruptions that eject warm water (T ≈ 50° C) to a height up to about 1 m. Surface distribution of the geophysical and geochemical parameters have been investigated to detect the main pathways through which fluids move toward the shallow crust. Integration of geochemical, geophysical and geological maps allowed for the tracing of the fluid flow in the shallowest (a few tens of meters below the surface) part of the local hydrothermal system. Our results showed that the rising of fluids from a deep reservoir is controlled by the main structural and geological features of the area and their temporal and spatial evolution depends on pressure conditions inside the hydrothermal system.
    Description: Published
    Description: PE442
    Description: 7A. Geofisica per il monitoraggio ambientale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    L’eruzione immaginaria. Un’indagine sulla rappresentazione del rischio vulcanico nella fantasia dei bambini (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-01
    Description: All’esperimento “eruzione immaginaria” negli anni scolastici 20172018 e 20182019 hanno contribuito gli Istituti: 2° Circolo Didattico F. Giampaglia di Ercolano; IC 3 De Curtis Ungaretti di Ercolano; IC San Rocco di Marano di Napoli; IC Raffaele Viviani di Napoli; IC 1 Don Bosco Melloni di Portici; IC 3 RodariAnnecchino di Pozzuoli; IC 6 Quasimodo Dicearchia di Pozzuoli; IC 3 CD S. GaetanoGadda di Quarto; DD Scafati 1 di Scafati; ICS De Nicola Sasso di Torre del Greco; IC 5 di Bologna; IC Bonati di Bondeno (FE).
    Description: Da molto tempo il rischio vulcanico è al centro di progetti di divulgazione scientifica, particolarmente in area napoletana, dove l’Osservatorio Vesuviano ha sempre promosso numerose iniziative dedicate all’informazione su pericolosità e rischio vulcanico. In particolare sono state realizzate iniziative formative nelle scuole, sviluppate in collaborazione con il Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, e attività mirate a raggiungere la popolazione più in generale attraverso le visite guidate al Museo della sede storica, oppure con incontri pubblici, mostre, workshops, ecc. organizzati in collaborazione con la Città della Scienza e altri Enti locali. Dal 2005 questa attività formativa si è arricchita attraverso il progetto EDURISK, un’iniziativa più propriamente dedicata all’educazione al rischio sismico e vulcanico nelle scuole, con la realizzazione di corsi di formazione per gli insegnanti. Una delle esperienze più interessanti sviluppate dal progetto EDURISK, è stata la realizzazione nell’anno scolastico 20172018 di un’indagine sull’immaginario di bambini e ragazzi sul rischio vulcanico, con l’obiettivo di individuare, attraverso un’attività creativa l’invenzione di una storia in ambiente vulcanico come percepiscono il contesto vulcanico in cui vivono, come immaginano che possa verificarsi un’eruzione e quale potrebbe essere la loro capacità di risposta. L’indagine è stata realizzata in 23 classi di scuola primaria e secondaria di I grado di Istituti Comprensivi di area vesuviana (Ercolano, Scafati, Torre del Greco) e flegrea (Marano di Napoli, Pozzuoli, Quarto), coinvolgendo complessivamente circa 500 bambini fra gli 8 e i 12 anni. Fra i tanti temi emersi, tre sono fondamentali. In area flegrea la percezione di vivere ‘dentro’ un vulcano è praticamente assente: è pertanto indispensabile attivare percorsi di conoscenza del territorio in cui si vive; per i bambini il passaggio dalla comparsa dei precursori e l’eruzione vera e propria è istantaneo: mancano quindi conoscenze scientifiche specifiche, compresa l’incertezza sulla possibile evoluzione dei fenomeni; infine in caso di eruzione i bambini pensano di doversi salvare da soli: nelle loro storie non esistono istituzioni, un sistema organizzato di protezione civile e di gestione dell’emergenza: è quindi indispensabile e urgente un lavoro educativo sul riconoscimento delle risorse della comunità e di ricostruzione della fiducia fra cittadini e istituzioni.
    Description: Convenzione fra INGV e Dipartimento nazionale della Protezione Civile, Allegato A, tematica “M”
    Description: Published
    Description: 3-42
    Description: 1TM. Formazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Rischio vulcanico ; Edurisk ; Campi Flegrei ; Vesuvio ; scuola ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.08. Risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Comparison of ionospheric scintillation models with experimental data for satellite navigation applications (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-17
    Description: A comparison between two of the most used scintillation models and experimental data is presented. The experimental data have been derived from a GPS scintillation monitor developed at Cornell University and placed in Tucuman (Argentina), under the peak of the anomaly. The models used (GISM and WBMOD) have been run for the geophysical conditions corresponding to the measurements. The comparison is done by subdividing the information on the basis of an ionospheric grid of 5°×5° surface square boxes. The comparison has been performed for several local times, from 18 LT until 04 LT. Here, only a few cases of particular interest are shown. The goal is to understand if the models are able to forecast actual scintillation morphology (from the satellite navigation systems point of view) and if they could be used to yield an estimate of scintillation effects on satellite navigation systems.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: ionospheric scintillations ; scintillation models ; GPS ; SBAS ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
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    Caratteristiche del Rumore Sismico nei pressi del Rilevatore di Onde Gravitazionali VIRGO (Cascina, Pisa) (2012)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: In questo lavoro si presentano i risultati di uno studio sulle caratteristiche del rumore sismico in prossimità del rilevatore di onde gravitazionali VIRGO (Cascina, Pisa), con particolare riferimento alle vibrazioni associate all’azione di un vicino parco eolico. La valutazione delle componenti spettrali del rumore verosimilmente indotte dagli aerogeneratori è stata effettuata mediante (i) Misure dirette alla base di una turbina, (ii) Correlazione fra le ampiezze spettrali del rumore e la velocità del vento; (iii) Determinazione delle proprietà direzionali da misure multicanale, (iv) Misura dell’attenuazione del segnale con la distanza dal parco eolico. Il disturbo provocato dagli aerogeneratori è particolarmente energetico alla frequenza di 1.7 Hz e, in particolari condizioni, è stato osservato fino a distanze di 11 km dal Parco Eolico. Il decadimento spaziale delle ampiezze ha un andamento complesso, che può essere interpretato in termini di una combinazione fra onde superficiali e onde di volume rifratte ad un’interfaccia profonda (~800 m) fra i sedimenti plio-pleistocenici ed i calcari Miocenici. La risposta locale nei dintorni dell’interferometro è stata investigata utilizzando la tecnica dei rapporti spettrali H/V. Si sono così evidenziate due bande di amplificazione imputabili ad effetti di risonanza legati alla geologia a scala locale: il primo intorno alla frequenza di 0.35 Hz, il secondo fra 0.7 e 2.0 Hz. Entrambi i picchi risultano essere essenzialmente omogenei in tutta l’area di studio, a conferma della sostanziale uniformità della struttura geologica.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-30
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic Noise ; Array Seismology ; Gravity Waves ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    The new Italian seismic hazard model (MPS19) (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-13
    Description: We describe the main structure and outcomes of the new probabilistic seismic hazard model for Italy, MPS19 [Modello di Pericolosità Sismica, 2019]. Besides to outline the probabilistic framework adopted, the multitude of new data that have been made available after the preparation of the previous MPS04, and the set of earthquake rate and ground motion models used, we give particular emphasis to the main novelties of the modeling and the MPS19 outcomes. Specifically, we (i) introduce a novel approach to estimate and to visualize the epistemic uncertainty over the whole country; (ii) assign weights to each model components (earthquake rate and ground motion models) according to a quantitative testing phase and structured experts’ elicitation sessions; (iii) test (retrospectively) the MPS19 outcomes with the horizontal peak ground acceleration observed in the last decades, and the macroseismic intensities of the last centuries; (iv) introduce a pioneering approach to build MPS19_cluster, which accounts for the effect of earthquakes that have been removed by declustering. Finally, to make the interpretation of MPS19 outcomes easier for a wide range of possible stakeholders, we represent the final result also in terms of probability to exceed 0.15 g in 50 years.
    Description: Published
    Description: SE112
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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