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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology  (11)
  • Etna  (7)
  • 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous
  • Geological Society of America  (13)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (4)
  • American Institute of Physics
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1
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    Coseismic recrystallization during shallow earthquake slip (2015)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-26
    Description: Solidified frictional melts, or pseudotachylytes, remain the only unambiguous indicator of seismic slip in the geological record. However, pseudotachylytes form at 〉5 km depth, and there are many rock types in which they do not form at all. We performed low- to high-velocity rock friction experiments designed to impose realistic coseismic slip pulses on calcite fault gouges, and report that localized dynamic recrystallization may be an easy-to-recognize microstructural indicator of seismic slip in shallow, otherwise brittle fault zones. Calcite gouges with starting grain size 〈250 μm were confined up to 26 MPa normal stress using a purpose-built sample holder. Slip velocities were between 0.01 and 3.4 m s−1, and total displacements between 1 and 4 m. At coseismic slip velocities ≥0.1 m s−1, the gouges were cut by reflective principal slip surfaces lined by polygonal grains 〈1 μm in size. The principal slip surfaces were flanked by 〈300 μm thick layers of dynamically recrystallized calcite (grain size 1–10 μm) containing well-defined shape- and crystallographic-preferred orientations. Dynamic recrystallization was accompanied by fault weakening and thermal decomposition of calcite to CO2 + CaO. The recrystallized calcite aggregates resemble those found along the principal slip surface of the Garam thrust, South Korea, exhumed from 〈5 km depth. We suggest that intense frictional heating along the experimental and natural principal slip surfaces resulted in localized dynamic recrystallization, a microstructure that may be diagnostic of seismic slip in the shallow crust.
    Description: Published
    Description: 63-66
    Description: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Rock mechanics ; shallow earthquales ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.04. Mineral physics and properties of rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Mirror-like faults and power dissipation during earthquakes (2015)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-17
    Description: Earthquakes occur along faults in response to plate tectonic movements, but paradoxically, are not widely recognized in the geological record, severely limiting our knowledge of earthquake physics and hampering accurate assessments of seismic hazard. Light-reflective (so-called mirror like) fault surfaces are widely observed geological features, especially in carbonate-bearing rocks of the shallow crust. Here we report on the occurrence of mirror-like fault surfaces cutting dolostone gouges in the Italian Alps. Using friction experiments, we demonstrate that the mirror-like surfaces develop only at seismic slip rates (∼1 m/s) and for applied normal stresses and sliding displacements consistent with those estimated on the natural faults. Under these experimental conditions, the frictional power density dissipated in the samples is comparable to that estimated for natural earthquakes (1–10 MW/m2). Our results indicate that mirror-like surfaces in dolostone gouges are a signature of seismic faulting, and can be used to estimate power dissipation during ancient earthquake ruptures.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1175-1178
    Description: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Earthquakes ; Faults ; Carbonates ; Rock Mechanics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.04. Mineral physics and properties of rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Heat loss measured at a lava channel and its implications for down-channel cooling and rheology (2007)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: During May 2001 we acquired 2016 thermal images over an ~8-h-long period for a section of active lava channel on Mount Etna (Italy). We used these to extract surface temperature and heat-loss profi les and thereby calculate core cooling rates. Flow surface temperatures declined from ~1070 K at the vent to ~930 K at 70 m. Heat losses were dominated by radiation (5 × 104 W m2) and convection (~104 W/m2). These compare with a heat gain from crystallization of 6 × 103 W/m2. The imbalance between sinks and sources gives core cooling (δT/δx) of ~110 K/km. However, cooling rate per unit distance also depends on fl ow conditions, where we distinguished: (1) unimpeded, high-velocity (~0.2 m/s) fl ow with low δT/δx (0.3 K/m); (2) unimpeded, low-velocity (~0.1 m/s) fl ow with higher δT/δx (0.5 K/m); (3) waning, insulated fl ow at low velocity (~0.1 m/s) with low δT/δx (0.3 K/m); and (4) impeded fl ow at low velocity (〈0.1 m/s) with higher δT/δx (0.4 K/m). Our data allow us to defi ne three thermal states of fl ow emplacement: insulated, rapid, and protected. Insulated is promoted by the formation of hanging blockages and coherent roofs. During rapid emplacement, higher velocities suppress cooling rates, and δT/δx can be tied to mean velocity (Vmean) by δT/δx = aVmean –b. In the protected case, deeper, narrow channels present a thermally effi cient channel, where δT/δx can be assessed using the ratio of channel width (w) to depth (d) in w/d = aδT/δx–b.
    Description: Published
    Description: 125-146
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: lava channel ; Etna ; heat loss ; cooling ; viscosity ; velocity ; FLIR ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 4
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    From COST 238 To COST 296: Four European COST Actions On Ionospheric Physics And Radio Propagation (2008)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: COST (Co-operation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research) is an important instrument supporting co-operation among scientists and researchers across Europe now joining 35 member countries. Scientific projects in the COST framework are called COST Actions and have the objectives embodied in their respective Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). The main objectives of the COST Actions within the European ionospheric and radio propagation community have been: to study the influence of upper atmospheric conditions on terrestrial and Earthspace communications, to develop methods and techniques to improve existing and generate new ionospheric and propagation models over Europe for telecommunication and navigation applications and to transfer the results to the appropriate national and international organizations, institutions and industry dealing with the modern communication systems. This paper summarises in brief the background and historical context of four ionospheric COST Actions and outlines their main objectives and results. In addition, the paper discusses the dissemination of the results and the collaboration among the participating institutions and researchers.
    Description: DRS Codem Systems Ball Aerospace Corporation University of Massachusetts Lowell
    Description: Published
    Description: Lowell, Massachusetts, U.S.A., April 29, 2007
    Description: 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: open
    Keywords: Physics of the Ionosphere ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.02. Space weather
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 5
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    Simultaneous magma and gas eruptions at three volcanoes in southern Italy: an earthquake trigger? (2008)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: In September 2002, a series of tectonic earthquakes occurred north of Sicily, Italy, followed by three events of volcanic unrest within 150 km. On October 28, 2002, Mt. Etna erupted; on November 3, 2002, submarine degassing occurred near Panarea Island; and on December 28, 2002, Stromboli Island erupted. All of these events were considered unusual: the Mt. Etna NE-rift eruption was the largest in 55 yr, the Panarea degassing was one of the strongest ever detected there, and the Stromboli eruption, which produced a landslide and tsunami, was the largest effusive eruption in 17 yr. Here, we investigate the synchronous occurrence of these clustered unrest events, and develop a possible explanatory model. We compute short-term earthquake-induced dynamic strain changes and compare them to long-term tectonic effects. Results suggest that the earthquake-induced strain changes exceeded annual tectonic strains by at least an order of magnitude. This agitation occurred in seconds, and may have induced fluid and gas pressure migration within the already active hydrothermal and magmatic systems.
    Description: In press
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: earthquake trigger ; magma and gas eruptions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Fissure eruptions at Mount Vesuvius (Italy):insights on the shallow propagation of dikes at volcanoes (2007)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Fissure eruptions may provide important information on the shallow propagation of dikes at volcanoes. Somma-Vesuvius (Italy) consists of the active Vesuvius cone, bordered to the north by the remnants of the older Somma edifice. Historical chronicles are considered to define the development of the 37 fissure eruptions between A.D. 1631 and 1944. The 1631 fissure, which reopened the magmatic conduit, migrated upward and was the only one triggered by the subvertical propagation of a dike. The other 25 fissure eruptions migrated downward, when the conduit was open, through the lateral propagation of radial dikes. We suggest two scenarios for the development of the fissures. When the summit conduit is closed, the fissures are fed by vertically propagating dikes. When the summit conduit is open, the fissures are fed by laterally propagating dikes along the volcano slopes. Consistent behaviors are found at other composite volcanoes, suggesting a general application to our model, independent of the tectonic setting and composition of magma. At Vesuvius, the historical data set and our scenarios are used to predict the consequences of the emplacement of fissures after the opening of the conduit. The results suggest that, even though the probability of opening of vents within the inhabited south and west slopes is negligible, the possibility that these are reached by a lava flow remains significant.
    Description: Published
    Description: 673-676
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: fissures ; dike propagation ; conduit ; Vesuvius ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 308433 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Dynamic feeder dyke systems in basaltic volcanoes: the exceptional example o fthe 1809 Etna eruption (Italy) (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper, we describe the 1809 eruption of Mt. Etna, Italy, which represents one historical rare case in which it is possible to observe details of the internal structure of the feeder system. This is possible thanks to the presence of two large pit craters located in the middle of the eruptive fracture field that allow studying a section of the shallow feeder system. Along the walls of one of these craters, we analysed well-exposed cross sections of the uppermost 15–20 m of the feeder system and related volcanic products. Here, we describe the structure, morphology and lithology of this portion of the 1809 feeder system, including the host rock which conditioned the propagation of the dyke, and compare the results with other recent eruptions. Finally, we propose the dynamic model of the magma behaviour inside a laterally-propagating feeder dyke, demonstrating how this dynamic triggered important changes in the eruptive style (from effusive/Strombolian to phreatomagmatic) during the same eruption. Our results are also useful for hazard assessment related to the development of flank eruptions, potentially the most hazardous type of eruption from basaltic volcanoes in densely urbanized areas, such as Mt. Etna.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-11
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: feeder dyke ; basaltic volcanoes ; flank eruptions ; Etna ; volcanic hazards ; sill ; volcanic rift ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    40 Ar/ 39 Ar radiometric dating to constrain the volcanic stratigraphy: The Mt. Etna methodological case. (2010)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Although ~50 radiometric age analyses have been performed on Etna, and there are many historical references, these are not enough to temporally constrain the geo- logical evolution of the volcano. In particular, a new stratigraphic framework based on lithostratigraphic and unconformity-bounded units has pointed out the presence of some stratigraphic uncertainty that can be resolved only with radiometric dating. For this reason, a dating project applying the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar incremental heating technique started in 2002. The results obtained improve our understanding and provide con- straints for Etna’s geological evolution; in addition, they show that the applied tech- nique is very useful for dating young basalts and quantifying the hiatus represented by unconformities, as well as for understanding their meaning.
    Description: Published
    Description: 241-248
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Ar/Ar dating ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 9
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    Introduction: The ANDRILL McMurdo Ice Shelf (MIS) and Southern McMurdo Sound (SMS) Drilling Projects (2012)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: No Abstract
    Description: Published
    Description: 546-547
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Stratigraphic Drilling ; McMurdo Ice Shelf ; Chronostratigraphy ; Neogene ; Tectonics ; Ice Sheet history ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Neogene deformation and granite emplacement in the metamorphic units of northern Apennines (Italy): Insights from mylonitic marbles in the Porto Azzurro pluton contact aureole (Elba Island) (2012)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the northern Tyrrhenian Sea, late Miocene intrusions (Monte Capanne pluton and Porto Azzurro pluton) were emplaced at upper crustal levels (〈0.2 GPa) in the thrust systems of Elba Island. The emplacement of intrusive rocks is currently explained in the context of late Miocene extensional tectonics. New detailed structural data collected along a continuous natural cross section through the contact aureole of the Porto Azzurro pluton (eastern Elba) where strain localization has occurred within two west-dipping decameter-scale carbonate shear zones, namely the Calanchiole and Felciaio shear zones, are reported here. These shear zones, characterized by a lithological difference with calcite and dolomite marbles dominant in the Calanchiole and Felciaio shear zones, respectively, exhibit a similar rheological behavior. They represent two weakened layers in which west-dipping mylonitic foliation, sheath folds, boudinage structures, and upright folds developed within the contact aureole. Moreover, in correspondence with the Felciaio shear zone, the inversion of metamorphic facies occurs. Meso- and microstructural data give evidence that most of the deformation and displacement in the shear zones was coeval with contact metamorphism and developed under metamorphic conditions retrograde from pyroxene hornfels to hornblende-hornfels facies. Geometric and kinematic features indicate that both shear zones correspond to ductile thrusts, which led to internal stacking of the contact aureole. Therefore, at Elba Island, emplacement of intrusive rocks coeval with late Miocene crustal shortening gives a new perspective on relations between tectonics and magmatism in the northern Apennines.
    Description: Published
    Description: 470-490
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: granite emplacement ; contact aureole ; deformation and metamorphism ; Neogene ; northern Apennines ; Elba Island ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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