ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Articles  (299)
  • Other Sources  (31)
  • Climate change
Collection
  • Books  (83)
  • Articles  (299)
  • Other Sources  (31)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
Language
Years
Topic
  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Time and terrain: Life on planet Earth in the century of complexities – and the inescapable role of the Earth and environmental sciences (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: “Pressure and time.” A momentous quote in a compelling movie from a few decades ago interestingly pointed at some of the ingredients that contributed to shaping the Earth. The movie set off from how to seep through masses that appeared just too vast to be shakable or vulnerable – if not by deciphering their inner core. The planetary size and time frame of the Earth may have elicited a perception of a durable, unbuckling living environment – just because “pressure and time” to really affect it would have been out of human reach – supposedly. However, the Earth and environmental sciences have long striven to alert contemporary societies that this is just not the case, as humans have been well exerting scattered yet ubiquitous, planetary-scale pressure over a relatively brief time – with consequential, durable effects. Rising global population, long-term migration shifts of continental extents – due to risks, climate, resources – and unpredicted factors – from vulnerabilities to instabilities – pressure on the environment (natural and built) in unprecedented scale throughout human history. The Earth sciences were born out of deciphering ancient life forms teeming in an aboriginal environment, unfolding on a planet that could be explained only by looking at the Solar system – and at the inception of the Universe. Cross-disciplinary by nature, the Earth and environmental sciences offer crucial tools to gauge location, economic turnout, and societal costs of those very resources and fragilities. They also are pivotal co-actors of intellectual stewardship bridging the gulf with sister disciplines well beyond the remits of the physical sciences. From economics to philosophy, and from history to literature, multiple, diverse and concurring threats call for resourceful, multi-faceted mind- and skill-sets where no single hazard may be really treated apart – not on societal terms. Adapting a famous statement from the 20th century, evolution in a time of poly-crises, multiple hazards, and accrued vulnerabilities is not going to be a dinner party for contemporary societies – especially as they dwell a world perceived as increasingly richer in risks and poorer in resources, with a growing population and across instabilities. Human Earth sciences offer a bridge towards our collective future – as societies, continents, planets.
    Description: Published
    Description: San Francisco USA
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Keywords: Global change ; Climate change ; Complexity ; Earth system ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.08. Risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A ticket to where? Dwindling snow cover impacts the winter tourism sector as a consequence of climate change (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-13
    Description: Climate change affects human activities, including tourism across various sectors and time frames. The winter tourism industry, dependent on low temperatures, faces significant impacts. This paper reviews the implications of climate change on winter tourism, emphasising challenges for activities like skiing and snowboarding, which rely on consistent snowfall and low temperatures. As the climate changes, these once taken-for-granted conditions are no longer as commonplace. Through a comprehensive review supported by up-to-date satellite imagery, this paper presents evidence suggesting that the reliability of winter snow is decreasing, with findings revealing a progressive reduction in snow levels associated with temperature and precipitation changes in some regions. The analysis underscores the need for concerted efforts by stakeholders who must recognize the reality of diminishing snow availability and work towards understanding the specific changes in snow patterns. This should involve multi-risk and multi-instrument assessments, including ongoing satellite data monitoring to track snow cover changes. The practical implications for sports activities and the tourism industry reliant on snow involve addressing challenges by diversifying offerings. This includes developing alternative winter tourism activities less dependent on snow, such as winter hiking, nature walks, or cultural experiences.
    Description: In press
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Climate change ; Adaptation ; Tourism losses ; Winter sport ; Multi-date satellite imagery ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 3
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Long-term analysis of microseism during extreme weather events: Medicanes and common storms in the Mediterranean Sea (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-13
    Description: In this work, we analyze 12 meteorological events that occurred in the Mediterranean Sea during the period November 2011-November 2021 from a seismic point of view. In particular, we consider 8 Medicanes and 4 more common storms. Each of these events, in spite of the marked differences between them, caused heavy rainfall, strong wind gusts and violent storm surge with significant wave heights usually 〉3 m. We deal with the relationships between these meteorological events and the features of microseism (the most continuous and widespread seismic signal on Earth) in terms of spectral content, space-time variation of the amplitude and source locations tracked employing two different methods (amplitude decay-based grid search and array techniques). By comparing the positions of the microseism sources with the areas of significant storm surges, we observe that the microseism locations align with the actual locations of the storm surges for 10 out of 12 events analyzed (two Medicanes present very low intensity in terms of meteorological parameters and the microseism amplitude does not show significant variations during these two events). We also perform two analyses that allowed us to obtain both the seismic signature of these events, by using a method that exploits the coherence of continuous seismic noise, and their strength from a seismic point of view, called Microseism Reduced Amplitude. In addition, by integrating the results obtained from these two methods, we are able to "seismically" distinguish Medicanes and common storms. Consequently, we demonstrate the possibility of creating a novel monitoring system for Mediterranean meteorological events by incorporating microseism information alongside with other commonly employed techniques for studying meteorological phenomena. The integration of microseism with the data provided by routinely used techniques in sea state monitoring (e.g., wave buoy and HF radar) has the potential to offer valuable insights into the examination of historical extreme weather events within the context of climate change.
    Description: Published
    Description: 169989
    Description: OSA4: Ambiente marino, fascia costiera ed Oceanografia operativa
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Climate change ; Common storms ; Hindcast maps ; Medicanes ; Mediterranean Sea ; Microseism ; Monitoring sea state ; Wave buoys
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ocean Acidification Research for Sustainability - A Community Vision for the Ocean Decade. (2024)
    IOC-UNESCO | Paris, France
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: The global ocean acidification research community responded to the Decade call by co-designing a pioneering UN Decade programme entitled “Ocean Acidification Research for Sustainability” (OARS). The programme is led by three partners: Plymouth Marine Laboratory (UK), University of Washington (USA), and IOC-UNESCO. OARS provides the blueprint to foster cooperation of ocean acidification research, improve understanding of the impacts of the phenomenon and, ultimately, develop approaches for mitigating its effects by acting on sources and identify adaptation approaches. The OARS white papers in this publication summarize where the global community currently is on this path and what should be done in the future to include the ocean acidification dimension for combatting the degradation of ocean health under various anthropogenic stressors including the changing climate.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: OARS ; Ocean acidification ; Climate change
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 70pp.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Vulnerability of lowland and upland orchids in their spatially response to climate change and land cover change (2024)
    In:  Ecological Informatics vol. 80 no. 102534
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-18
    Description: Climate change and land cover change often interactively affect plant species distributions. This study addresses the vulnerability of lowland and upland orchids to climate change and land cover change. Endemic orchids of New Guinea were grouped into four classes (lowland epiphyte, lowland terrestrial, upland epiphyte, upland terrestrial) based on their life form and elevation range. Forty occurrence records of endemic orchids were selected for each class, totaling 160 occurrence records. Ensemble modelling combining two machine learning algorithms was used to generate predictive current and future suitable areas for orchid classes. Model performance was evaluated using the AUC and TSS metrics. Suitable areas for both lowland and upland orchids (epiphyte and terrestrial) were predicted decrease in the future due to climate change and land cover change. The loss of suitable areas for upland terrestrial orchids was predicted to be most significant in the worst-case climate change scenario (SSP 5–8.5). Both lowland and upland orchids (epiphyte and terrestrial) tend to shift to higher elevation ranges from the present distributions. The predictive models have AUC values 〉0.90 and TSS value 〉0.80, indicating the models have excellent potential for predicting the impact of climate change and land cover change on orchid distributions.
    Keywords: Ensemble model ; Climate change ; Species distribution model ; Orchids ; Lowland ; Upland ; New Guinea
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Salud de los corales y su investigación en el Caribe y en Cuba. (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-11
    Description: La salud de los corales es un tema de gran importancia en el Caribe y en Cuba, ya que estos ecosistemas marinos son vitales para la biodiversidad y la economía de la región. Los arrecifes de coral albergan una gran variedad de especies. Sin embargo, constituyen un ecosistema bajo amenaza debido a la combinación de diferentes factores, como el cambio climático, la contaminación, la sobrepesca y la acidificación del océano. El Caribe es considerado un “punto caliente” para las enfermedades, debido a la rápida aparición y virulencia de nuevos síndromes en la región en las últimas décadas. Cuba no se encuentra exenta de este panorama. Aun así, los estudios realizados han demostrado que los porcentajes de afectación por enfermedades son bajos y el número de enfermedades reportado para sus arrecifes también es bajo, en comparación a lo reportado para otros sitios del Caribe. Es por lo que este trabajo tiene como objetivo recopilar información actualizada sobre el estado de salud de los corales en el Caribe y en Cuba. La sistematicidad y la constancia en el monitoreo de los arrecifes constituye una urgencia en aras de conocer el estado de salud en que se encuentran, manejarlos de manera sostenible y así evitar daños irreparables que conlleven a su pérdida definitiva. Planes de conservación que combinen un manejo efectivo con iniciativas de ciencia ciudadana han demostrado ser sostenibles y beneficiosos, tanto para los arrecifes como para la sociedad.
    Description: The health of corals is a topic of great importance in the Caribbean and in Cuba since these marine ecosystems are vital for biodiversity and the economy of the region. Coral reefs house a wide variety of species. However, they constitute an ecosystem under threat due to the combination of different factors, such as climate change, pollution, overfishing and ocean acidification. The Caribbean is considered a "hotspot" for diseases, due to the rapid appearance and virulence of new syndromes in the region in recent decades. Cuba is not exempt from this panorama, even so, studies have shown that the percentages of disease affectation are low, and the number of diseases reported for its reefs is also low compared to what is reported for other Caribbean sites. This is why this work aims to collect updated information on the health status of the corals in the Caribbean and in Cuba. The systematicity and constancy in the monitoring of the reefs constitutes an urgency to know the state of health in which they are, manage them sustainably and thus avoid irreparable damage that leads to their definitive loss. Conservation plans that combine effective management with citizen science initiatives, have proven to be sustainable and beneficial for both reefs and society.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Arrecife de coral ; Blanqueamiento ; Cambio climático ; Enfermedades ; Bleaching ; Climate change ; Diseases ; Coral reef
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: 18-46pp.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Double dare: Climate change and volcanic activity threatens local populations of Meta menardi (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) in Sicily (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-20
    Description: Meta menardi (Latreille, 1804) and M. bourneti Simon, 1922 (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) are ubiquitous inhabitants of the twilight zone of most hypogean sites across Europe. The two species are broadly distributed in Italy, including Sicily, where they show a remarkable segregation along the altitudinal gradient of Mount Etna. Thanks to our recent sampling activities in this area, we create a georeferenced dataset allowing the application of Species Distribution Modelling aiming at evaluating the current and the future habitat in light of the impacts caused by climate change on the local populations. We predicted a relatively wide suitable area for M bourneti, ranging from the sea level up to 1100 m a.sl., whereas for M. menardi the suitable area encompasses a narrow mid altitude strip, extending halfway between the areas suitable for M. bourneti, and the highly unsuitable volcanic uplands, heavily disturbed by the volcanic activity. The averaged future predictions for 2070 under RCP 8.5 scenario, show that M. bourneti will expand its range upwards, in areas that are now suitable for M. menardi. In turn, predictions for M. menardi indicate an extreme reduction of the current strip of suitable habitat, likely determining its local extinction. Our findings are further corroborated by the analysis of the bioclimatic niche of the two species assessed via multidimensional Hutchinsonian hypervolume, being much smaller in M. menardi compared to of M. bourneti. In light of our results, it seems likely that having wider climatic preference, M. bourneti will substitute M. menardi in most of its current range in Sicily. Future interventions aiming at the conservation of M. menardi on Mount Etna are strongly advised.
    Description: Published
    Description: e02699
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Cave-dwelling spiders ; Mount Etna ; Lava caves ; Climate change ; Niche segregation ; Species distribution modelling
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Need for harmonized long-term multi-lake monitoring of African Great Lakes (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-20
    Description: To ensure the long-term sustainable use of African Great Lakes (AGL), and to better understand the functioning of these ecosystems, authorities, managers and scientists need regularly collected scientific data and information of key environmental indicators over multi-years to make informed decisions. Monitoring is regularly conducted at some sites across AGL; while at others sites, it is rare or conducted irregularly in response to sporadic funding or short-term projects/studies. Managers and scientists working on the AGL thus often lack critical long-term data to evaluate and gauge ongoing changes. Hence, we propose a multi-lake approach to harmonize data collection modalities for better understanding of regional and global environmental impacts on AGL. Climate variability has had strong impacts on all AGL in the recent past. Although these lakes have specific characteristics, their limnological cycles show many similarities. Because different anthropogenic pressures take place at the different AGL, harmonized multilake monitoring will provide comparable data to address the main drivers of concern (climate versus regional anthropogenic impact). To realize harmonized long-term multi-lake monitoring, the approach will need: (1) support of a wide community of researchers and managers; (2) political goodwill towards a common goal for such monitoring; and (3) sufficient capacity (e.g., institutional, financial, human and logistic resources) for its implementation. This paper presents an assessment of the state of monitoring the AGL and possible approaches to realize a long-term, multi-lake harmonized monitoring strategy. Key parameters are proposed. The support of national and regional authorities is necessary as each AGL crosses international boundaries.
    Description: Published
    Description: 101988
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Biodiversity ; Climate change ; Erosion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Aquatic Bioresources & Environment. Vol. 6, issue 4 (2023)
    Azov-Black Sea Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography “VNIRO” (AzNIIRKH) | Rostov-on-Don, Russia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-09
    Description: Possible scenarios are given for the formation of the continental runoff and the salinity of the Azov Sea, taking into account the current and future trends in climate change. Short-term forecast are suggested for the changes in the primary production of organic matter and pollution by priority toxicants in the Azov Sea. Specific features of photometric determination of organic carbon in bottom sediments are presented. Exploitable resources of commercial invertebrates in the Azov Sea and the dynamics of their exploitation in 2000–2022 are considered. The Azov Sea populations of sturgeon fish species as a part of monitoring the catches by stationary fishing gears along the Kuban coast are investigated. Morphological characteristics and biological features of Smith's barb Puntioplites proctozystron (Bleeker, 1865) in the Mekong River Delta are studied. Artificial reproduction of semi-anadromous fish species under different development scenarios of hydrological situation in the Azov Sea is analysed. Release of juvenile sturgeons in the Azov–Kuban region by sturgeon hatcheries of the Federal Agency for Fishery in 2016–2022 is reported.
    Description: Представлены возможные сценарии формирования материкового стока и солености вод Азовского моря с учетом современных и перспективных тенденций изменения климата. Дан прогноз динамики первичной продукции органического вещества и загрязнения приоритетными токсикантами Азовского моря на краткосрочную перспективу. Обсуждаются особенности фотометрического определения органического углерода в донных отложениях. Охарактеризована сырьевая база промысловых беспозвоночных в Азовском море и динамика ее освоения в 2000–2022 гг. Исследованы азовские популяции осетровых рыб при осуществлении мониторинга промысла ставными орудиями лова у Кубанского побережья. Изучены морфологические характеристики и особенности биологии барбуса Смита Puntioplites proctozystron (Bleeker, 1865) в дельте реки Меконг. Описано искусственное воспроизводство полупроходных видов рыб при разных сценариях развития гидрологической обстановки в Азовском море. Дан отчет о выпуске молоди осетровых в Азово-Кубанском районе с рыбоводных заводов Федерального агентства по рыболовству в период с 2016 по 2022 г.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Puntioplites proctozystron ; Primary production ; Hydrology ; Artificial reproduction ; Fishing gear ; Bottom sediments ; Water salinity ; Climate change ; Прогноз ; Сырьевая база ; Морфологические характеристики ; Искусственное воспроизводство ; Выпуск молоди ; ASFA_2015::M::Marine invertebrates ; ASFA_2015::O::Organic matter ; ASFA_2015::H::Hatcheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 120pp.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    European offshore renewable energy: Towards a sustainable future (2023)
    European Marine Board | Ostend, Belgium
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: The global economic and geopolitical situations in 2022, including the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing fuel prices, and the war in Ukraine leading to questions of energy security, have further increased the impetus on governments to accelerate the move away from a reliance on oil and gas as energy sources. Offshore renewable energy sources should play a key role in that move. In light of these geo-political, economic, and environmental drivers, this Future Science Brief outlines the state-of-the-art in knowledge on offshore renewable energy (ORE). It also highlights key research needs to help us fully understand the implications of such an energy transition.
    Description: Challenge 4: Develop a sustainable and equitable ocean economy; Challenge 5: Unlock ocean-based solutions to climate change.
    Description: Published
    Description: Not Known
    Keywords: Renewable energy ; Sustainable future ; Offshore renewable energy ; Climate change
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 88pp
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 11
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Transformational Opportunities for People, Ocean, and Planet. (2023)
    Blue Climate Initiative, Tetiaroa Society | French Polynesia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-02
    Description: In 2020, the Blue Climate Initiative engaged with sixty multidisciplinary scientists and academic experts to identify the most promising Transformational Opportunities (TOPS) to address climate change using the power of the ocean, while serving humanity’s needs. Their insights are published in six thematic papers centered on food and nutrition, marine energy and transportation, biodiversity and nature-based solutions, mineral and genetic resources, health and well-being, and sustainable tourism. This Compendium presents over forty such TOPS that can sustain Earth’s people, steward our ocean, and heal our planet.
    Description: Challenge 8; Challenge 10
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Climate change ; Sustainability ; Transformational opportunities (TOPS)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 93pp.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 12
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    On the (melting) rocks: Climate change and the global issue of permafrost depletion (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-03
    Description: Highlights • Permafrost thawing is associated with climate change and demands global solutions. • Permafrost thawing impacts global climate, sustainable development, and CO2 budget. • Permafrost thawing disrupts hydrology, habitats, forest cover, and infrastructure. • Thawing older permafrost horizons can release GHG and locked nocive components. • More research is needed to better understand the impacts of permafrost depletion.
    Description: This short communication reports on the pressures posed by climate change on permafrost. The phenomenon of the (melting) rocks, soil, and ground that host permafrost does not just concern a remote stretch of the Arctic north. It is a far larger area than most citizens may realise if looking at an ordinary map projection. Broadly distributed and crucial as it is for the Earth's climate, permafrost thawing due to climate change can affect or upend several aspects associated with life and prosperity on Earth, demanding far greater attention. The loss of permafrost is a global problem that requires a global solution. Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) must be reduced to slow permafrost's thawing and negative impacts. As such, this short communication aims to catalyse a global debate on this climate change consequential issue, also providing specific suggestions for reducing the impacts of permafrost depletion.
    Description: Published
    Description: 166615
    Description: 7SR AMBIENTE – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Arctic infrastructure ; Permafrost thawing ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Global warming ; Climate change ; Permafrost
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 13
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Role of Environmental Drivers in Humpback Whale Distribution, Movement and Behavior: A Review. (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-24
    Description: Humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, are a highly migratory species exposed to a wide range of environmental factors during their lifetime. The spatial and temporal characteristics of such factors play a significant role in determining suitable habitats for breeding, feeding and resting. The existing studies of the relationship between oceanic conditions and humpback whale ecology provide the basis for understanding impacts on this species. Here we have determined the most relevant environmental drivers identified in peer-reviewed literature published over the last four decades, and assessed the methods used to identify relationships. A total of 148 studies were extracted through an online literature search. These studies used a combined estimated 105,000 humpback whale observations over 1,216 accumulated study years investigating the relationship between humpback whales and environmental drivers in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Studies focusing on humpback whales in feeding areas found preferences for areas of upwelling, high chlorophyll-a concentration and frontal areas with changes in temperature, depth and currents, where prey can be found in high concentration. Preferred calving grounds were identified as shallow, warm and with slow water movement to aid the survival of calves. The few studies of migration routes have found preferences for shallow waters close to shorelines with moderate temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration. Extracting information and understanding the influence of key drivers of humpback whale behavioral modes are important for conservation, particularly in regard to expected changes of environmental conditions under climate change.
    Description: Challenge 4, 9
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Climate change ; Distribution drivers ; Cetaceans
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 14
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    OneArgo: a new paradigm for observing the global ocean (2022)
    Marine Technology Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Owens, W., Zilberman, N., Johnson, K., Claustre, H., Scanderbeg, M., Wijffels, S., & Suga, T. OneArgo: a new paradigm for observing the global ocean. Marine Technology Society Journal, 56(3), (2022): 84–90, https://doi.org/10.4031/MTSJ.56.3.8.
    Description: OneArgo is a major expansion of the Argo program, which has provided two decades of transformative physical data for the upper 2 km of the global ocean. The present Argo array will be expanded in three ways: (1) Global Core: the existing upper ocean measurements will be extended to high latitudes and marginal seas and with enhanced coverage in the tropics and western boundaries of the major ocean basins; (2) Deep: deep ocean measurements will be obtained for the 50% of the global oceans that are below 2,000-m depth; and (3) Biogeochemical: dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrate, chlorophyll, optical backscatter, and irradiance data will be collected to investigate biogeochemical variability of the upper ocean and the processes by which these cycles respond to a changing climate. The technology and infrastructure necessary for this expansion is now being developed through large-scale regional pilots to further refine the floats and sensors and to demonstrate the utility of these measurements. Further innovation is expected to improve the performance of the floats and sensors and to develop the analyses necessary to provide research-quality data. A fully global OneArgo should be operational within 5–10 years.
    Description: In the United States, the National Science Foundation–funded Global Ocean Biogeochemistry Array (GO-BGC; https://go-bgc.org).
    Keywords: Argo floats ; Argo sensors ; OneArgo ; Climate change ; Biogeochemical measurements
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 15
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Carbon accumulation, flux, and fate in Stordalen Mire, a permafrost peatland in transition (2022)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2022. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Global Biogeochemical Cycles 36(1), (2022): e2021GB007113, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GB007113.
    Description: Stordalen Mire is a peatland in the discontinuous permafrost zone in arctic Sweden that exhibits a habitat gradient from permafrost palsa, to Sphagnum bog underlain by permafrost, to Eriophorum-dominated fully thawed fen. We used three independent approaches to evaluate the annual, multi-decadal, and millennial apparent carbon accumulation rates (aCAR) across this gradient: seven years of direct semi-continuous measurement of CO2 and CH4 exchange, and 21 core profiles for 210Pb and 14C peat dating. Year-round chamber measurements indicated net carbon balance of −13 ± 8, −49 ± 15, and −91 ± 43 g C m−2 y−1 for the years 2012–2018 in palsa, bog, and fen, respectively. Methane emission offset 2%, 7%, and 17% of the CO2 uptake rate across this gradient. Recent aCAR indicates higher C accumulation rates in surface peats in the palsa and bog compared to current CO2 fluxes, but these assessments are more similar in the fen. aCAR increased from low millennial-scale levels (17–29 g C m−2 y−1) to moderate aCAR of the past century (72–81 g C m−2 y−1) to higher recent aCAR of 90–147 g C m−2 y−1. Recent permafrost collapse, greater inundation and vegetation response has made the landscape a stronger CO2 sink, but this CO2 sink is increasingly offset by rising CH4 emissions, dominated by modern carbon as determined by 14C. The higher CH4 emissions result in higher net CO2-equivalent emissions, indicating that radiative forcing of this mire and similar permafrost ecosystems will exert a warming influence on future climate.
    Description: We would like to acknowledge the following funding in support of this project: Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet, VR) grants (NT 2007-4547 and NT 2013-5562 to P. Crill), U.S. Department of Energy grants (DE-SC0004632 and DE-SC0010580 to V. Rich and S. Saleska), and U.S. National Science Foundation MacroSystems Biology grant (NSF EF #1241037, PI Varner). This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research under the Genomic Science program. We also acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation for the EMERGE Biology Integration Institute, NSF Award #2022070.
    Description: 2022-07-03
    Keywords: Peat ; Carbon cycling ; Permafrost ; Carbon-14 ; Lead-210 ; Climate change
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 16
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Summer surface CO2 dynamics on the Bering Sea and eastern Chukchi Sea shelves from 1989 to 2019 (2022)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2022. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 127(1), (2022): e2021JC017424, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017424.
    Description: By compiling boreal summer (June to October) CO2 measurements from 1989 to 2019 on the Bering and eastern Chukchi Sea shelves, we find that the study areas act as a CO2 sink except when impacted by river runoff and wind-driven upwelling. The CO2 system in this area is seasonally dominated by the biological pump especially in the northern Bering Sea and near Hanna Shoal, while wind-driven upwelling of CO2-rich bottom water can cause episodic outgassing. Seasonal surface ΔfCO2 (oceanic fCO2 – air fCO2) is dominantly driven by temperature only during periods of weak CO2 outgassing in shallow nearshore areas. However, after comparing the mean summer ΔfCO2 during the periods of 1989–2013 and 2014–2019, we suggest that temperature does drive long-term, multi-decadal patterns in ΔfCO2. In the northern Chukchi Sea, rapid warming concurrent with reduced seasonal sea-ice persistence caused the regional summer CO2 sink to decrease. By contrast, increasing primary productivity caused the regional summer CO2 sink on the Bering Sea shelf to increase over time. While additional time series are needed to confirm the seasonal and annual trajectory of CO2 changes and ocean acidification in these dynamic and spatially complex ecosystems, this study provides a meaningful mechanistic analysis of recent changes in inorganic carbonate chemistry. As high-resolution time series of inorganic carbonate parameters lengthen and short-term variations are better constrained in the coming decades, we will have stronger confidence in assessing the mechanisms contributing to long-term changes in the source/sink status of regional sub-Arctic seas.
    Description: We gratefully acknowledge the support of the funding agencies that supported this analysis, including the New Sustained Observations for Arctic Research project and the DBO-NCIS project (NA14OAR4320158, NA19OAR4320074) from the NOAA Arctic Research Program.
    Description: 2022-06-17
    Keywords: Pacific Arctic region ; Sea-air CO2 flux ; Ocean acidification ; Climate change ; Sea-ice loss ; Surface ocean CO2 Atlas
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 17
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A new structure for the Sea Ice Essential Climate variables of the Global Climate Observing System (2022)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2022. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 103(6), (2022): E1502-E1521, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-21-0227.1.
    Description: Climate observations inform about the past and present state of the climate system. They underpin climate science, feed into policies for adaptation and mitigation, and increase awareness of the impacts of climate change. The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), a body of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), assesses the maturity of the required observing system and gives guidance for its development. The Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) are central to GCOS, and the global community must monitor them with the highest standards in the form of Climate Data Records (CDR). Today, a single ECV—the sea ice ECV—encapsulates all aspects of the sea ice environment. In the early 1990s it was a single variable (sea ice concentration) but is today an umbrella for four variables (adding thickness, edge/extent, and drift). In this contribution, we argue that GCOS should from now on consider a set of seven ECVs (sea ice concentration, thickness, snow depth, surface temperature, surface albedo, age, and drift). These seven ECVs are critical and cost effective to monitor with existing satellite Earth observation capability. We advise against placing these new variables under the umbrella of the single sea ice ECV. To start a set of distinct ECVs is indeed critical to avoid adding to the suboptimal situation we experience today and to reconcile the sea ice variables with the practice in other ECV domains.
    Description: PH’s contribution was funded under the Australian Government’s Antarctic Science Collaboration Initiative program, and contributes to Project 6 of the Australian Antarctic Program Partnership (ASCI000002). PH acknowledges support through the Australian Antarctic Science Projects 4496 and 4506, and the International Space Science Institute (Bern, Switzerland) project #405.
    Description: 2022-12-01
    Keywords: Sea ice ; Climate change ; Climatology ; Climate records
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 18
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Increasing inhomogeneity of the global ocean (2022)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-23
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2022. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 49(12), (2022): e2021GL097598, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL097598.
    Description: The ocean is inhomogeneous in hydrographic properties with diverse water masses. Yet, how this inhomogeneity has evolved in a rapidly changing climate has not been investigated. Using multiple observational and reanalysis datasets, we show that the spatial standard deviation (SSD) of the global ocean has increased by 1.4 ± 0.1% in temperature and 1.5 ± 0.1% in salinity since 1960. A newly defined thermohaline inhomogeneity index, a holistic measure of both temperature and salinity changes, has increased by 2.4 ± 0.1%. Climate model simulations suggest that the observed ocean inhomogeneity increase is dominated by anthropogenic forcing and projected to accelerate by 200%–300% during 2015–2100. Geographically, the rapid upper-ocean warming at mid-to-low latitudes dominates the temperature inhomogeneity increase, while the increasing salinity inhomogeneity is mainly due to the amplified salinity contrast between the subtropical and subpolar latitudes.
    Description: This work is supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant XDB42000000 and XDB40000000), the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0603200), and the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2020JQ17), and the U.S. National Science Foundation Physical Oceanography Program (OCE- 2048336).
    Description: 2022-12-23
    Keywords: Global ocean ; Temperature ; Salinity ; Spatial inhomogeneity ; Climate change
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 19
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    An investigation of Symbiodiniaceae communities via ITS-2 rDNA amplicon sequencing in Acropora millepora corals from the Great Barrier Reef following exposure to stressors in October 2014 (2022)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Symbiodiniaceae communities in corals with ITS-2 rDNA amplicon sequencing
    Description: Symbiodiniaceae communities were investigated at three locations on the Great Barrier Reef in October 2014. Acropora millepora samples from Davies Reef lagoon (18°30′3.96′′S, 147°22′48′′E), Rib Reef (18°28′53.4′′S, 146°52′24.96′′E), and Pandora Island (18°48′45′′S, 146°25′59.16′′E), were exposed to various stressors including pCO2, heat, bacteria, all of these, or none of these (control). This dataset lists accessions and collection information for ITS-2 rDNA amplicon data that are available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) under BioProject PRJNA596498. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/844431
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1635798
    Keywords: Acropora millepora ; Alpha diversity ; Beta diversity ; Climate change ; Coral ; Symbiodiniaceae
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 20
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Microbiome composition of coral species collected from reefs in Mo'orea, French Polynesia and exposed to various experimental treatments in August 2018 (2022)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Experimental coral treatments
    Description: Coral samples from reefs in Mo'orea, French Polynesia were exposed to various experimental treatments to quantify how different environmental stressors impact the coral health and microbial community structure of the corals. Environmental stressors included increased temperature and nutrients as well as exudate released from corals when they bleach. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/843188
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1635798, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1635913
    Keywords: Coral reef ; Holobiont ; Coral microbiome ; Climate change
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 21
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Warming effects on arctic tundra biogeochemistry are limited but habitat-dependent: a meta-analysis (2022)
    Ecological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Pold, G., Baillargeon, N., Lepe, A., Rastetter, E. B., & Sistla, S. A. Warming effects on arctic tundra biogeochemistry are limited but habitat-dependent: a meta-analysis. Ecosphere, 12(10), (2021): e03777, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3777.
    Description: Arctic tundra consists of diverse habitats that differ in dominant vegetation, soil moisture regimes, and relative importance of organic vs. inorganic nutrient cycling. The Arctic is also the most rapidly warming global area, with winter warming dominating. This warming is expected to have dramatic effects on tundra carbon and nutrient dynamics. We completed a meta-analysis of 166 experimental warming study papers to evaluate the hypotheses that warming changes tundra biogeochemical cycles in a habitat- and seasonally specific manner and that the carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycles will be differentially accelerated, leading to decoupling of elemental cycles. We found that nutrient availability and plant leaf stoichiometry responses to experimental warming were variable and overall weak, but that both gross primary productivity and the plant C pool tended to increase with growing season warming. The effects of winter warming on C fluxes did not extend into the growing season. Overall, although warming led to more consistent increases in C fluxes compared to N or P fluxes, evidence for decoupling of biogeochemical cycles is weak and any effect appears limited to heath habitats. However, data on many habitats are too sparse to be able to generalize how warming might decouple biogeochemical cycles, and too few year-round warming studies exist to ascertain whether the season under which warming occurs alters how ecosystems respond to warming. Coordinated field campaigns are necessary to more robustly document tundra habitat-specific responses to realistic climate warming scenarios in order to better understand the mechanisms driving this heterogeneity and identify the tundra habitats, communities, and soil pools most susceptible to warming.
    Description: Funding for this project was provided by NSF Signals in the Soil grant number 1841610 to SAS and ER. SAS and ER conceived of and acquired funding for the project. NB completed the literature search.
    Keywords: Arctic ; Biogeochemistry ; Climate change ; Experimental warming ; Meta-analysis ; Stoichiometry ; Tundra
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 22
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Landscape genomics provides evidence of ecotypic adaptation and a barrier to gene flow at treeline for the arctic foundation species Eriophorum vaginatum0 (2022)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Stunz, E., Fetcher, N., Lavretsky, P., Mohl, J., Tang, J., & Moody, M. Landscape genomics provides evidence of ecotypic adaptation and a barrier to gene flow at treeline for the arctic foundation species Eriophorum vaginatum. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, (2022): 860439, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.860439.
    Description: Global climate change has resulted in geographic range shifts of flora and fauna at a global scale. Extreme environments, like the Arctic, are seeing some of the most pronounced changes. This region covers 14% of the Earth’s land area, and while many arctic species are widespread, understanding ecotypic variation at the genomic level will be important for elucidating how range shifts will affect ecological processes. Tussock cottongrass (Eriophorum vaginatum L.) is a foundation species of the moist acidic tundra, whose potential decline due to competition from shrubs may affect ecosystem stability in the Arctic. We used double-digest Restriction Site-Associated DNA sequencing to identify genomic variation in 273 individuals of E. vaginatum from 17 sites along a latitudinal gradient in north central Alaska. These sites have been part of 30 + years of ecological research and are inclusive of a region that was part of the Beringian refugium. The data analyses included genomic population structure, demographic models, and genotype by environment association. Genome-wide SNP investigation revealed environmentally associated variation and population structure across the sampled range of E. vaginatum, including a genetic break between populations north and south of treeline. This structure is likely the result of subrefugial isolation, contemporary isolation by resistance, and adaptation. Forty-five candidate loci were identified with genotype-environment association (GEA) analyses, with most identified genes related to abiotic stress. Our results support a hypothesis of limited gene flow based on spatial and environmental factors for E. vaginatum, which in combination with life history traits could limit range expansion of southern ecotypes northward as the tundra warms. This has implications for lower competitive attributes of northern plants of this foundation species likely resulting in changes in ecosystem productivity.
    Description: This research was made possible by funding provided by NSF/PLR-1417645 to MM. The Botanical Society of America Graduate Student Research Award and the Dodson Research Grant from the Graduate School of the University of Texas at El Paso provided assistance to ES. The grant 5U54MD007592 from the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) provided bioinformatics resources and support of JM.
    Keywords: Arctic ; Climate change ; Eriophorum vaginatum ; Landscape genomics ; Environmental niche modeling ; Genotype-environment association analyses ; Refugia
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 23
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    N and P constrain C in ecosystems under climate change: role of nutrient redistribution, accumulation, and stoichiometry (2022)
    Ecological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Rastetter, E., Kwiatkowski, B., Kicklighter, D., Plotkin, A., Genet, H., Nippert, J., O’Keefe, K., Perakis, S., Porder, S., Roley, S., Ruess, R., Thompson, J., Wieder, W., Wilcox, K., & Yanai, R. N and P constrain C in ecosystems under climate change: role of nutrient redistribution, accumulation, and stoichiometry. Ecological Applications, (2022): e2684, https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2684.
    Description: We use the Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model to examine responses of 12 ecosystems to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), warming, and 20% decreases or increases in precipitation. Ecosystems respond synergistically to elevated CO2, warming, and decreased precipitation combined because higher water-use efficiency with elevated CO2 and higher fertility with warming compensate for responses to drought. Response to elevated CO2, warming, and increased precipitation combined is additive. We analyze changes in ecosystem carbon (C) based on four nitrogen (N) and four phosphorus (P) attribution factors: (1) changes in total ecosystem N and P, (2) changes in N and P distribution between vegetation and soil, (3) changes in vegetation C:N and C:P ratios, and (4) changes in soil C:N and C:P ratios. In the combined CO2 and climate change simulations, all ecosystems gain C. The contributions of these four attribution factors to changes in ecosystem C storage varies among ecosystems because of differences in the initial distributions of N and P between vegetation and soil and the openness of the ecosystem N and P cycles. The net transfer of N and P from soil to vegetation dominates the C response of forests. For tundra and grasslands, the C gain is also associated with increased soil C:N and C:P. In ecosystems with symbiotic N fixation, C gains resulted from N accumulation. Because of differences in N versus P cycle openness and the distribution of organic matter between vegetation and soil, changes in the N and P attribution factors do not always parallel one another. Differences among ecosystems in C-nutrient interactions and the amount of woody biomass interact to shape ecosystem C sequestration under simulated global change. We suggest that future studies quantify the openness of the N and P cycles and changes in the distribution of C, N, and P among ecosystem components, which currently limit understanding of nutrient effects on C sequestration and responses to elevated CO2 and climate change.
    Description: This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1651722 as well through the NSF LTER Program 1637459, 2220863 (ARC), 1637686 (NWT), 1832042 (KBS), 2025849 (KNZ), 1636476 (BNZ), 1637685 (HBR), 1832210 (HFR), 2025755 (AND). We also acknowledge NSF grants 1637653 and 1754126 (INCyTE RCN), and DOE grant DESC0019037. We also acknowledge support through the USDA Forest Service Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, North Woodstock, New Hampshie (USDA NIFA 2019-67019-29464) and Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, Oregon.
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide fertilization ; Carbon sequestration ; Carbon-nitrogen interactions ; Carbon-phosphorus interactions ; Climate change ; Long-term ecological research (LTER) ; Nitrogen cycle ; Phosphorus cycle ; Terrestrial ecosystem stoichiometry
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 24
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Editorial: seagrasses under times of change (2022)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Winters, G., Teichberg, M., Reuter, H., Viana, I. G., & Willette, D. A. Editorial: seagrasses under times of change. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, (2022): 870478, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.870478.
    Description: Awareness of the ecological importance of seagrasses is growing due to recent attention to their role in carbon sequestration as a potential blue carbon sink (Fourqurean et al., 2012; Bedulli et al.), as well as their role in nutrient cycling (Romero et al., 2006), sediment stabilization (James et al., 2019), pathogen filtration (Lamb et al., 2017), and the formation of essential habitats for economically important marine species (Jackson et al., 2001; Jones et al.). Despite their importance and the increasing public and scientific awareness of seagrasses, simultaneous global (e.g., ocean warming, increase in frequency and severity of extreme events, introduction and spread of invasive species) and local (e.g., physical disturbances, eutrophication, and sedimentation) anthropogenic stressors continue to be the main causes behind the ongoing global decline of seagrass meadows (Orth et al., 2006; Waycott et al., 2009).
    Description: This research was partially funded through the BMBF project SEANARIOS (Seagrass scenarios under thermal and nutrient stress: FKZ 03F0826A) to HR and MT. MT was partially funded through the DFG project SEAMAC (Seagrass and macroalgal community dynamics and performance under environmental change; TE 1046/3-1). IV was supported by a postdoctoral research grant Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación (IJC2019-040554-I) and from MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 (Spain).
    Keywords: Seagrasses ; Climate change ; Eutrophication ; Responses of seagrasses to single and combined stressors ; Spatial-temporal modeling
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 25
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Relative exposure to microplastics and prey for a pelagic forage fish (2022)
    IOP Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Chavarry, J. M., Law, K. L., Barton, A. D., Bowlin, N. M., Ohman, M. D., & Choy, C. A. Relative exposure to microplastics and prey for a pelagic forage fish. Environmental Research Letters, 17(6), (2022): 064038, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac7060.
    Description: In the global ocean, more than 380 species are known to ingest microplastics (plastic particles less than 5 mm in size), including mid-trophic forage fishes central to pelagic food webs. Trophic pathways that bioaccumulate microplastics in marine food webs remain unclear. We assess the potential for the trophic transfer of microplastics through forage fishes, which are prey for diverse predators including commercial and protected species. Here, we quantify Northern Anchovy (Engraulis mordax) exposure to microplastics relative to their natural zooplankton prey, across their vertical habitat. Microplastic and zooplankton samples were collected from the California Current Ecosystem in 2006 and 2007. We estimated the abundance of microplastics beyond the sampled size range but within anchovy feeding size ranges using global microplastic size distributions. Depth-integrated microplastics (0–30 m depth) were estimated using a depth decay model, accounting for the effects of wind-driven vertical mixing on buoyant microplastics. In this coastal upwelling biome, the median relative exposure for an anchovy that consumed prey 0.287–5 mm in size was 1 microplastic particle for every 3399 zooplankton individuals. Microplastic exposure varied, peaking within offshore habitats, during the winter, and during the day. Maximum exposure to microplastic particles relative to zooplankton prey was higher for juvenile (1:23) than adult (1:33) anchovy due to growth-associated differences in anchovy feeding. Overall, microplastic particles constituted fewer than 5% of prey-sized items available to anchovy. Microplastic exposure is likely to increase for forage fishes in the global ocean alongside declines in primary productivity, and with increased water column stratification and microplastic pollution.
    Description: This work originated from the Plastic Awareness Global Initiative (PAGI) international workshop, hosted by the Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation (CMBC) at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California San Diego in 2018, with support from Igor Korneitchouk and the Wilsdorf Mettler Future Foundation. We thank the workshop participants for early discussions and a collaborative meeting space. We thank Kelly Lance for her illustration contributions, and the SIO Communications Office for their support. We thank Miriam Doyle and Ryan Rykaczewski for their assistance in data acquisition, and we thank Penny Dockry and Stuart Sandin of CMBC for administrative and logistical support. Julia Chavarry was supported by the San Diego Fellowship. This paper is a contribution from the California Current Ecosystem Long Term Ecological Research site, supported by the National Science Foundation.
    Keywords: Upwelling ecosystems ; Food webs ; Climate change ; Engraulis mordax
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 26
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Sporadic P limitation constrains microbial growth and facilitates SOM accumulation in the stoichiometrically coupled, acclimating microbe-plant-soil model (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-18
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Pold, G., Kwiatkowski, B. L., Rastetter, E. B., & Sistla, S. A. Sporadic P limitation constrains microbial growth and facilitates SOM accumulation in the stoichiometrically coupled, acclimating microbe-plant-soil model. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 165, (2022): 108489, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108489.
    Description: Requirements for biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) constrain organism growth and are important agents for structuring ecosystems. Arctic tundra habitats are strongly nutrient limited as decomposition and recycling of nutrients are slowed by low temperature. Modeling interactions among these elemental cycles affords an opportunity to explore how disturbances such as climate change might differentially affect these nutrient cycles. Here we introduce a C–N–P-coupled version of the Stoichiometrically Coupled Acclimating Microbe-Plant-Soil (SCAMPS) model, “SCAMPS-CNP”, and a corresponding modified CN-only model, “SCAMPS-CN”. We compared how SCAMPS-CNP and the modified SCAMPS-CN models project a moderate (RCP 6.0) air warming scenario will impact tussock tundra nutrient availability and ecosystem C stocks. SCAMPS-CNP was characterized by larger SOM and smaller organism C stocks compared to SCAMPS-CN, and a greater reduction in ecosystem C stocks under warming. This difference can largely be attributed to a smaller microbial biomass in the CNP model, which, instead of being driven by direct costs of P acquisition, was driven by variable resource limitation due to asynchronous C, N, and P availability and demand. Warming facilitated a greater relative increase in plant and microbial biomass in SCAMPS-CNP, however, facilitated by increased extracellular enzyme pools and activity, which more than offset the metabolic costs associated with their production. Although the microbial community was able to flexibly adapt its stoichiometry and become more bacteria-like (N-rich) in both models, its stoichiometry deviated further from its target value in the CNP model because of the need to balance cellular NP ratio. Our results indicate that seasonality and asynchrony in resources affect predicted changes in ecosystem C storage under warming in these models, and therefore build on a growing body of literature indicating stoichiometry should be considered in carbon cycling projections.
    Description: This work was funded by the National Science Foundation Signals in the Soil grant number 1841610 to SAS and EBR.
    Keywords: Stoichiometry ; Modeling ; Microbial physiology ; Tundra ; Climate change
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 27
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Effects of ocean acidification on the performance and interaction of fleshy macroalgae and a grazing sea urchin (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Burnham, K. A., Nowicki, R. J., Hall, E. R., Pi, J., & Page, H. N. Effects of ocean acidification on the performance and interaction of fleshy macroalgae and a grazing sea urchin. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 547, (2022): 151662, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2021.151662.
    Description: When predicting the response of marine ecosystems to climate change, it is increasingly recognized that understanding the indirect effects of ocean acidification on trophic interactions is as important as studying direct effects on organism physiology. Furthermore, comprehensive studies that examine these effects simultaneously are needed to identify and link the underlying mechanisms driving changes in species interactions. Using an onshore ocean acidification simulator system, we investigated the direct and indirect effects of elevated seawater pCO2 on the physiology and trophic interaction of fleshy macroalgae and the grazing sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. Macroalgal (Dictyota spp.) biomass increased despite decreased photosynthetic rates after two-week exposure to elevated pCO2. Algal tissue carbon content remained constant, suggesting the use of alternative carbon acquisition pathways beneficial to growth under acidification. Higher C:N ratios driven by a slight reduction in N content in algae exposed to elevated pCO2 suggest a decrease in nutritional content under acidification. Urchin (L. variegatus) respiration, biomass, and righting time did not change significantly after six-week exposure to elevated pCO2, indicating that physiological stress and changes in metabolism are not mechanisms through which the trophic interaction was impacted. Correspondingly, urchin consumption rates of untreated macroalgae (Caulerpa racemosa) were not significantly affected by pCO2. In contrast, exposure of urchins to elevated pCO2 significantly reduced the number of correct foraging choices for ambient macroalgae (Dictyota spp.), indicating impairment of urchin chemical sensing under acidification. However, exposure of algae to elevated pCO2 returned the number of correct foraging choices in similarly exposed urchins to ambient levels, suggesting alongside higher C:N ratios that algal nutritional content was altered in a way detectable by the urchins under acidification. These results highlight the importance of studying the indirect effects of acidification on trophic interactions simultaneously with direct effects on physiology. Together, these results suggest that changes to urchin chemical sensing and algal nutritional quality are the driving mechanisms behind surprisingly unaltered urchin foraging behavior for fleshy macroalgae under joint exposure to ocean acidification. Consistent foraging behavior and consumption rates suggest that the trophic interaction between L. variegatus and fleshy macroalgae may be sustained under future acidification. However, increases in fleshy macroalgal biomass driven by opportunistic carbon acquisition strategies have the potential to cause ecological change, depending on how grazer populations respond. Additional field research is needed to determine the outcome of these results over time and under a wider range of environmental conditions.
    Description: This work was supported by Mote Marine Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowships (RJN and HNP), Becker Internship Funding, and philanthropic funds to ERH.
    Keywords: Climate change ; Elevated pCO2 ; Direct effects ; Physiology ; Indirect effects ; Herbivory
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 28
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The climatological rise in winter temperature- and dewpoint-based thaw events and their impact on snow depth on Mount Washington, New Hampshire (2022)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-06
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 60(9), (2021): 1361–1370, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-20-0254.1.
    Description: We analyze how winter thaw events (TE; T 〉 0°C) are changing on the summit of Mount Washington, New Hampshire, using three metrics: the number of TE, number of thaw hours, and number of thaw degree-hours for temperature and dewpoint for winters from 1935/36 to 2019/20. The impact of temperature-only TE and dewpoint TE on snow depth are compared to quantify the different impacts of sensible-only heating and sensible-and-latent heating, respectively. Results reveal that temperature and dewpoint TE for all metrics increased at a statistically significant rate (p 〈 0.05) over the full time periods studied for temperature (1935/36–2019/20) and dewpoint (1939/40–2019/20). Notably, around 2000/01, the positive trends increased for most variables, including dewpoint-thaw degree-hours that increased by 82.11 degree-hours decade−1 during 2000–20, which is approximately 5 times as faster as the 1939–2020 rate of 17.70 degree-hours decade−1. Furthermore, a clear upward shift occurred around 1990 in the lowest winter values of thaw hours and thaw degree-hours—winters now have a higher baseline amount of thaw than before 1990. Snow-depth loss during dewpoint TE (0.36 cm h−1) occurred more than 2 times as fast as temperature-only TE (0.14 cm h−1). With winters projected to warm throughout the twenty-first century in the northeastern United States, it is expected that the trends in winter thaw events, and the sensible and latent energy that they bring, will continue to rise and lead to more frequent winter flooding, fewer days of good quality snow for winter recreation, and changes in ecosystem function.
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Snowmelt/icemelt ; Snowpack ; Winter/cool season ; Climate change ; Humidity ; Latent heating/cooling ; Snow cover ; Temperature
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 29
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Projected effects of climate change on Pseudo-nitzschia bloom dynamics in the Gulf of Maine (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-20
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Clark, S., Hubbard, K., Ralston, D., McGillicuddy, D., Stock, C., Alexander, M., & Curchitser, E. Projected effects of climate change on Pseudo-nitzschia bloom dynamics in the Gulf of Maine. Journal of Marine Systems, 230, (2022): 103737, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2022.103737.
    Description: Worldwide, warming ocean temperatures have contributed to extreme harmful algal bloom events and shifts in phytoplankton species composition. In 2016 in the Gulf of Maine (GOM), an unprecedented Pseudo-nitzschia bloom led to the first domoic-acid induced shellfishery closures in the region. Potential links between climate change, warming temperatures, and the GOM Pseudo-nitzschia assemblage, however, remain unexplored. In this study, a global climate change projection previously downscaled to 7-km resolution for the Northwest Atlantic was further refined with a 1–3-km resolution simulation of the GOM to investigate the effects of climate change on HAB dynamics. A 25-year time slice of projected conditions at the end of the 21st century (2073–2097) was compared to a 25-year hindcast of contemporary ocean conditions (1994–2018) and analyzed for changes to GOM inflows, transport, and Pseudo-nitzschia australis growth potential. On average, climate change is predicted to lead to increased temperatures, decreased salinity, and increased stratification in the GOM, with the largest changes occurring in the late summer. Inflows from the Scotian Shelf are projected to increase, and alongshore transport in the Eastern Maine Coastal Current is projected to intensify. Increasing ocean temperatures will likely make P. australis growth conditions less favorable in the southern and western GOM but improve P. australis growth conditions in the eastern GOM, including a later growing season in the fall, and a longer growing season in the spring. Combined, these changes suggest that P. australis blooms in the eastern GOM could intensify in the 21st century, and that the overall Pseudo-nitzschia species assemblage might shift to warmer-adapted species such as P. plurisecta or other Pseudo-nitzschia species that may be introduced.
    Description: This research was funded by the National Science Foundation (Grant Number OCE-1840381), the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Grant Number 1P01ES028938), the Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, and the Academic Programs Office of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Keywords: Gulf of Maine ; ROMS ; Pseudo-nitzschia ; Climate change ; Harmful algal blooms
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 30
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Understanding the combined effects of multiple stressors: a new perspective on a longstanding challenge (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Pirotta, E., Thomas, L., Costa, D., Hall, A., Harris, C., Harwood, J., Kraus, S., Miller, P., Moore, M., Photopoulou, T., Rolland, R., Schwacke, L., Simmons, S., Southall, B., & Tyack, P. Understanding the combined effects of multiple stressors: a new perspective on a longstanding challenge. Science of The Total Environment, 821, (2022): 153322, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153322.
    Description: Wildlife populations and their habitats are exposed to an expanding diversity and intensity of stressors caused by human activities, within the broader context of natural processes and increasing pressure from climate change. Estimating how these multiple stressors affect individuals, populations, and ecosystems is thus of growing importance. However, their combined effects often cannot be predicted reliably from the individual effects of each stressor, and we lack the mechanistic understanding and analytical tools to predict their joint outcomes. We review the science of multiple stressors and present a conceptual framework that captures and reconciles the variety of existing approaches for assessing combined effects. Specifically, we show that all approaches lie along a spectrum, reflecting increasing assumptions about the mechanisms that regulate the action of single stressors and their combined effects. An emphasis on mechanisms improves analytical precision and predictive power but could introduce bias if the underlying assumptions are incorrect. A purely empirical approach has less risk of bias but requires adequate data on the effects of the full range of anticipated combinations of stressor types and magnitudes. We illustrate how this spectrum can be formalised into specific analytical methods, using an example of North Atlantic right whales feeding on limited prey resources while simultaneously being affected by entanglement in fishing gear. In practice, case-specific management needs and data availability will guide the exploration of the stressor combinations of interest and the selection of a suitable trade-off between precision and bias. We argue that the primary goal for adaptive management should be to identify the most practical and effective ways to remove or reduce specific combinations of stressors, bringing the risk of adverse impacts on populations and ecosystems below acceptable thresholds.
    Description: This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research [grant numbers N000142012697, N000142112096]; and the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [grant numbers RC20-1097, RC20-7188, RC21-3091].
    Keywords: Adaptive management ; Climate change ; Combined effects ; Mechanistic modelling ; Multiple stressors ; Population consequences
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 31
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Advances in Geoethics and Groundwater Management : Theory and Practice for a Sustainable Development - Proceedings of the 1st Congress on Geoethics and Groundwater Management (GEOETH&GWM'20), Porto, Portugal 2020 (2021)
    Springer, Cham
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-06
    Description: This book gathers the peer-reviewed proceedings of the 1st congress on Geoethics & Groundwater Management (GEOETH&GWM'20), held in Porto, Portugal, in an online format on 18-22 May 2020. Hosted in School of Engineering (ISEP), Polytechnic of Porto based on Porto city (a UNESCO World Heritage Site), the international conference focused on what has now been dubbed “hydrogeoethics”, a novel transdisciplinary, scientific field integrating all dimensions of geoethics in groundwater science and practice. Given its scope, the book is of interest to all researchers and practitioners in the geosciences, hydrology, water resources, hydrogeology, natural resources management, environment, engineering, law, sociology, education, philosophy, culture, among others. This joint congress is the result of a collaborative agreement between the IAH (International Association of Hydrogeologists) and IAPG (International Association for Promoting Geoethics) and reflects the need for concerted actions to achieve sustainable development. The diversity, scale, significance and increasing magnitude of anthropogenic interactions with aquifers and groundwater, which often involve conflicting values or interests, call for analysis, discussions and decisions on the part of the agents involved, e.g. groundwater scientists, policymakers, managers, organisations, professionals and citizens. This approach calls for a responsible, sustainable and human approach to groundwater use and management. The groundwater community involved in the exploration and exploitation, use and management of this increasingly vital natural resource is becoming more and more aware that ethical issues pervade all our attitudes from concept to action and need to be addressed. Diverse values and cultures, science and education, law and policies, human and natural environments and the public and the economic sectors view groundwater and its value and/or role differently. The authors believe that in a globalised and interconnected world, common ground must be found in the interest of peace, human development and sustainability. The main topics covered here include: 1. Fundamentals of hydrogeoethics: cultures, principles and geoethical values on groundwater science and engineering. 2. Lessons for a resilient and sustainable future with hydrogeoethics: case studies of geoethics in groundwater science-engineering, profession, and management. 3. Scientific and humanistic components of hydrogeoethics in groundwater education and professional training. 4. Socio-hydrogeology and ethical groundwater management. 5. Geoethics of decision making under uncertainty and ethical issues in neglecting groundwater functioning. 6. Groundwater: geological, legal, social, and ethical challenges of a unique natural resource.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1TR. Georisorse
    Keywords: Earth sciences ; Groundwater ; Geoethics ; Sustainability ; Climate change ; 04.04. Geology ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 32
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    4D quantification of alpine permafrost degradation in steep rock walls using a laboratory‐calibrated electrical resistivity tomography approach (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: The warming of rock permafrost affects mechanical stability and hydro‐cryostatic pressures in rock walls. The coincident decrease in slope stability frequently affects infrastructure by creep and subsidence and promotes the generation of rockfalls and rockslides. The increasing hazard posed by warming permafrost rock walls and the growing exposure of infrastructure and individuals create a demand for quantitative monitoring methods. Laboratory‐calibrated electrical resistivity tomography provides a sensitive record for frozen versus unfrozen bedrock, presumably being the most accurate quantitative monitoring technique in permafrost areas where boreholes are not available. The data presented here are obtained at the permafrost‐affected and unstable Steintaelli Ridge at 3100 m a.s.l. and allow the quantification of permafrost changes in the longest electrical resistivity tomography time series in steep bedrock. Five parallel transects across the rock ridge have been measured five times each, between 2006 and 2019, with similar hardware. Field measurements were calibrated using temperature‐resistivity laboratory measurements of water‐saturated rock samples from the site. A 3D time‐lapse inversion scheme is applied in the boundless electrical resistivity tomography (BERT) software for the inversion of the data. To assess the initial data quality, we compare the effect of data filtering and the robustness of final results with three different filters and two time‐lapse models. We quantify the volumetric permafrost distribution in the bedrock and its degradation in the last decades. Our data show mean monthly air temperatures to increase from −3.4°C to −2.6°C between 2005‒2009 and 2015‒2019, respectively, while simultaneously permafrost volume degraded on average from 6790 m3 (±640 m3 rock in phase‐transition range) in 2006 to 3880 m3 (±1000 m3) in 2019. For the first time, we provide a quantitative measure of permafrost degradation in unstable bedrock by using a temperature‐calibrated 4D electrical resistivity tomography. Our approach represents a fundamental benchmark for the evaluation of climate change effects on bedrock permafrost.
    Keywords: 622.15 ; 551 ; Climate change ; ERT ; Geohazard ; 3D
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 33
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Scoping report: current status of index-based insurance in Bangladesh (2021)
    WorldFish | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/12752 | 115 | 2013-12-03 14:04:41 | 12752 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: With current and anticipated increases in magnitude of extreme weather events and a declining consistency in weather patterns, particularly challenging for agriculture, there has been a growing interest in weather index-based insurance (IBI) schemes in Bangladesh. A number of weather index-based insurance products have already been tested and applied across Asia and Africa, with varying degrees of success, as a mechanism to improve livelihood security by enabling vulnerable populations to transfer risk associated with climate change, extreme weather events and other hazards. In the process, these efforts have generated important new knowledge on how these schemes can be designed and implemented for optimal results. However, the practice of index-based insurance is still limited in Bangladesh, and the experience and knowledge generated by the different stakeholders involved needs to be better communicated.
    Description: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security
    Description: CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems
    Description: International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
    Keywords: Atmospheric Sciences ; Agriculture ; Aquatic Agricultural Systems ; Climate change ; Insurance ; Bangladesh
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 10
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 34
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Fish for the future: Fisheries development and food security for Kiribati in an era of global climate change (2021)
    WorldFish | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/15600 | 115 | 2014-11-19 10:02:49 | 15600 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: The Republic of Kiribati is a vast South Pacific island group with one of the largest exclusive economic zones (EEZs) in the world. Kiribati waters support a wealth of marine fisheries activities. These activities occur in oceanic, coastal and inshore environments and range from large, foreign, industrial-scale oceanic fishing operations to small-scale, domestic, inshore subsistence fisheries, aquaculture and recreational fisheries. Kiribati has developed a framework of domestic and international governance arrangements that are designed to sustainably manage its wealth of marine resources. The report provides background information for fisheries projects in Kiribati that aim to build food security, improve artisanal livelihoods and strengthen community engagement in fisheries governance. It provides information on the current status of Kiribati fishery resources (oceanic and coastal), their current governance and future challenges. Fish and fisher alike pay little heed to maritime boundaries and bureaucratic distinctions. This report covers both sides of the oceanic/coastal boundary because of the I-Kiribati communities’ interest in oceanic fisheries such as tuna and their heavy dependence on its fisheries resources for food security and economic development. The report focuses on two potential pilot sites for community-based fisheries management projects: North Tarawa and Butaritari.
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Aquaculture ; Adaptive management ; Aquatic resources ; Climate change ; Coastal fisheries ; Fisheries ; Governance ; Fisheries management ; Food security ; Marine fisheries ; Small-scale fisheries ; Livelihoods ; Gender ; Policy ; Pacific
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 79
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 35
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Weather index insurance: Lessons learned and best practices for Bangladesh (2021)
    WorldFish | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/15687 | 115 | 2014-11-19 10:20:18 | 15687 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: WorldFish and the International Centre for Climate Change and Development (ICCCAD) held a two-day workshop on the topic of Weather Index-Based Insurance: Lessons Learned and Best Practices for Bangladesh. Weather index insurance is based on a predefined weather event which when triggered ensures automatic payout to farmers who have taken out insurance. For example, the climatic trigger could be a predefined consecutive number of days where rainfall is below a set level or when the floodwater level reaches above a certain point. Index insurance has been operating for about 10 years in many countries but is still at an early stage in Bangladesh, where there are two schemes currently being piloted and three other projects being developed. The aim of the two-day workshop was twofold: to ascertain the present state of index insurance in Bangladesh and elsewhere, and to work together to identify ways forward.
    Description: Report of a workshop held 8-9 September 2013, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Aquaculture ; Climate change ; Farmers ; Insurance ; Bangladesh
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 11
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 36
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Economic analysis of climate change adaptation strategies in selected coastal areas in Indonesia, Philippines and Vietnam (2021)
    WorldFish | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11250 | 115 | 2013-08-12 21:38:56 | 11250 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: This report is an account of a cross-country study that covered Vietnam, Indonesia and the Philippines. Covering four sites (one each in Indonesia and Vietnam) and two sites in the Philippines, the study documented the impacts of three climate hazards affecting coastal communities, namely typhoon/flooding, coastal erosion and saltwater intrusion. It also analyzed planned adaptation options, which communities and local governments can implement, as well as autonomous responses of households to protect and insure themselves from these hazards. It employed a variety of techniques, ranging from participatory based approaches such as community hazard mapping and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) to regression techniques, to analyze the impact of climate change and the behavior of affected communities and households.
    Description: International Development Research Center (IDRC)
    Description: Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida)
    Keywords: Ecology ; Climate change ; Disasters ; Ecosystems ; Research ; Vietnam ; Philippines ; Indonesia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 27
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 37
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Exploratory analysis of resource demand and the environmental footprint of future aquaculture development using Life Cycle Assessment (2021)
    WorldFish | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/15594 | 115 | 2014-11-19 08:33:03 | 15594 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Increases in fish demand in the coming decades are projected to be largely met by growth of aquaculture. However, increased aquaculture production is linked to higher demand for natural resources and energy as well as emissions to the environment. This paper explores the use of Life Cycle Assessment to improve knowledge of potential environmental impacts of future aquaculture growth. Different scenarios of future aquaculture development are taken into account in calculating the life cycle environmental impacts. The environmental impact assessments were built on Food and Agriculture Organization statistics in terms of production volume of different species, whereas the inputs and outputs associated with aquaculture production systems were sourced from the literature. The matrix of input-output databases was established through the Blue Frontiers study.
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Aquaculture ; Aquaculture ; Climate change ; Development ; Environmental assessment ; Environmental impact ; Research
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 27
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 38
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Understanding the gender dimensions of adopting climate-smart smallholder aquaculture innovations (2021)
    WorldFish | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20653 | 115 | 2016-06-01 02:08:39 | 20653 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-11
    Description: This study explored how climate-smart agricultural and aquaculture innovations may lead to more successful climate adaptation efforts and enhanced resilience for both men and women in households and across communities, as well as to improved and equitable outcomes in terms of income, nutrition and livelihood opportunities. Specifically, it investigated efforts to target women with household aquaculture innovations to understand (1) if such approaches enable women to use or benefit from them; (2) if and how usage impacts the sustained use of these innovations; and (3) if it would be possible to scale out these innovations to achieve large scale development outcomes.
    Description: CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Sociology ; Aquatic Agricultural Systems ; Small-scale aquaculture ; Gender ; Climate change ; Research ; South Asia ; Bangladesh
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 43
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 39
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Climate change: impacts and threats on freshwater aquaculture (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24583 | 19325 | 2018-05-20 15:55:56 | 24583 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: This paper examines the major effects of climate charge on aquaculture, especially on the freshwater ecosytem. Aquaculture as established is not practiced evenly across the world. Therefore, the paper highlights the current aquaculture practices within the regions and across the different environments to ascertain the major effects of climate variations on the freshwater ecosystem and aquaculture practices in particular. The main elements of climate change that would impact on aquaculture produ ction, such as sea level and temperature rise, changes in monsoon patterns and extreme climatic events and water stress, among others were properly looked at and the reasons for their effects addressed. The different elements of climate change that are experienced in varying degrees can be either positive or negative or directly or indirectly, depending on the different culture systems that are practiced. It is in the process of our study that we brought out the complex attributes of climate change as it affects aquaculture productivity and the possible roles that the society can play to ameliorate the harsh effects of this ugly monstet; referred to as ”climate change and the consequent global warming trends.
    Description: Includes: 17 references.
    Keywords: Atmospheric Sciences ; Aquaculture ; Nigeria ; Climate change ; Freshwater ; Aquaculture ; freshwater environment ; automation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 72-75
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 40
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Synthesis of climate change effects on water sources for aquaculture (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24592 | 19325 | 2018-05-20 16:08:17 | 24592 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The effect of climate change on the aquatic environment has been well documented with results detailing increase in green house gases and global temperature. Water quantity and quality for aquaculture is also affected by this global phenomenon. Increasing global temperatures affects many sectors in an ecosystem. Water use in aquaculture can be in-situ or ex-situ. Groundwater is expected to be recharged if climate change leads to increased rainfall and runoff but empirical evidence suggests otherwise. The sustainability of groundwater for aquaculture is therefore threatened. Increased temperatures of surface waters can affect water quality and suitability for use in aquaculture with attendant biofouling and growth of thermophilic algae. Rainwater is affected by human activities and pollution as well as materials used for its collection. It is usually low in pH and will need to be buffered. The use of water from any source as well as the use of water bodies for aquaculture must be done with regular analysis of parameters since climate change is an ongoing process.
    Description: 34 references.
    Keywords: Atmospheric Sciences ; Aquaculture ; Nigeria ; Groundwater ; Surface water ; Rain water ; Climate change ; Aquaculture ; automation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 104-108
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 41
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Efficiency of different traps for silver catfish fishery and its aquaculture implications in the face of climate change (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24601 | 19325 | 2018-05-21 12:17:22 | 24601 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Climate change has the potential to severely impact coastal and inland environments and ecosystems, and by extension fisheries and aquaculture. Coastal regions of the world are already experiencing flooding due to rise in sea level. In recent times, salinization of coastal areas due to flooding from storm surges and high tidal influence has been observed. Aquaculture is a fast growing agri-business venture in Nigeria presently and many coastal communities derive their livelihood from it. The culture of freshwater fish species that are very sensitive to high salinity may be threatened leading to mortality of stocked fish and loss of livelihood for coastal population. Consequently, there is urgent need for development and domestication of the Silver catfish, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus that can tolerate higher salinity more than Mudcatfish (Clarias gariepinus). This will help mitigate the impact of salinization of coastal areas arising from sea water flooding on culture of fresh water fish species.
    Description: Includes: 17 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Pollution ; Fisheries ; Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Climate change ; Silver catfish ; Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus ; freshwater environment ; automation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 137-139
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 42
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Perception of fish farmers to climate change and adoption strategies in Oyo State, Nigeria (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24667 | 19325 | 2018-05-27 15:06:16 | 24667 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The study identified the perception of fish farmers in Oyo State to climate change as well as the adaptation strategies used by them. A two stage stratified sampling method was used to select 156 fish farmers from the four Agriculture Development Programme (ADP) zones and eight local government areas (LGAs) in Oyo State. Structured questionnaires were administered to the fish farmers. Descriptive statistic and linear regression were used to analyses data collected. The result shows that majority were males (84.0%\}, dominant age (66.0%) were within the age bracket of 46-65 years. The farmers are literate as 46.8% have attained secondary education, 69.9% had above six years of experience in fish farming experience and 97.5% were engaged in culturing catfish Clarias spp. The highest portion (70.5%) earns less than N500,000 as income from fish sale. Due to effect of climate change on fish production in the study area, fish farmers reported different types of adaptation strategies. Result of the linear regression analysis indicates that there is a significant (p〈0.05) negative effect of household size and years of fish farming experience and significant (p〈0.1) positive effect of age on farmers' perception of climate change on fish production.
    Description: Includes: 7 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Pollution ; Nigeria ; Agriculture development programme ; Climate change ; Fish farmers ; freshwater environment ; automation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 408-411
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 43
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Global warming: implications on freshwater fish, a review (2021)
    FISON | Minna (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24099 | 19325 | 2018-05-16 13:12:57 | 24099 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Global warning and climate change are growing environmental concerns which are much in the scientific, governmental and public eye are present. The potential impact on freshwater fish is immense because most fish have no physiological ability to regulate their body temperature.
    Description: Includes: 21 refs
    Keywords: Environment ; Fisheries ; Pollution ; Nigeria ; Global warming ; Climate change ; Freshwater fish ; freshwater environment ; Freshwater fish ; Spawning ; Biological stress ; Environmental impact ; Environmental assessment ; Body temperature ; Legislation ; Global warming ; Climatic changes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 210-213
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 44
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Potential impact of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture in Nigeria (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24584 | 19325 | 2018-05-20 15:57:28 | 24584 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Climate change will have significant impacts on Nigeria's freshwater and marine aquatic systems. and hence on the countries fisheries and aquaculture. Fisheries and aquaculture are highly vulnerable to changes in weather pattern. and the impacts, which could be negative or positive, will vary from the coastal areas to the drier northern parts of the country. Elevated water temperalures will affect fish physiological processes, thereby affecting spawning. survival of the juveniles, recruit into the exploitable phase of population, population size, production and yield. The impacts of increased flooding of the freswater bodies will be negative through erosion of watershed, destruction of fish feeding and breeding habitats, decrease in primary productivity and alteration of the normal resilience of the aquatic systems, or positive in expansion of aquatic habitats for primary and fish productions especially during the dry season. Drought will exacerbate draw down of the lakes and reservoirs, and insufficient flow in the river hasins for spawning and primary pro duction thereby affecting fish production. Rise in the water level of the Atlantic ocean will lead to intrusion of more salty wafer into The river delta areas, and inundation of the coastal low-lying areas, thus affecting distribution of both the freshwater and marine fishes as a result of changes in the physical and chemical properties of the waters. The impacts will ultimately affect fish population, production and supply, thereby affecting the livelihood of over 26 million people engaged in the primary and secondary sectors of the fisheries industry, as well as food security of the country. The adaptation and mitigation strategies will be based on the peculiar characteristics and interactions of fisheries and aquaculture within the framework of feasible policy instruments. Strategies and policy measures need to be evolved to combat the observable and projected impacts of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture, in order to protect the livelihoods of the fishing communities and food security.
    Description: Includes: 13 references.
    Keywords: Atmospheric Sciences ; Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Nigeria ; Climate change ; Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Impacts ; Mitigation ; Food security ; freshwater environment ; automation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 76-80
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 45
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Fecundity, gonadosomic index and spawning period of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus of the Lower Cross River, Nigeria (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24629 | 19325 | 2018-05-22 06:30:19 | 24629 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The estuarine catfish, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, is a prized food fish in Nigeria especially in the Niger Delta region. There is a growing concernrn over the sustainability of the fishery in the face of climate change and environmental variability. Studies were conducted on the fecundity, gonadosomatic index and the spawning period of the species. The objectives were to determine the average fecundity of the species and to use the gonadosomatic index to determine its spawning period with the aim of proffering management advice and prerequisites of the species in the face of climate change. A total of 44 females and 40 males were used for the study which spanned the period from May 2011 to April 2012. The fecundity of the species ranged from 3,730.5 eggs to 41,535.9 eggs. There was correlation between the total fecundity and fish weight (p~,01, r= 0.80, n= 44). The regression model for the relationship was expressed as fecundity = 4660.8+4.76 weight. The gonadosomatic index was highest in the month of May and dropped sharply in june signifying that spawning in Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus starts around this period. The implications of these findings in respect to sustainability of the species, and its aquaculture in the face of climate change are discussed.
    Description: Includes: 14 references.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Atmospheric Sciences ; Chrysichythys nigrodigitatus ; Nigeria ; Lower Cross River ; C. nigrodigitatus ; Reproduction ; Climate change ; Cross Rivber ; Sustainability ; freshwater environment ; automation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 253-255
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 46
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Fisher folk's response to climate change in New Bussa and its environs of Kainji Lake Basin, Nigeria (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24661 | 19325 | 2018-05-27 14:57:38 | 24661 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The study examined fisher folk responses to climate change in Kainji lake basin. The sample comprises of fisher folks within and New Bussa. Eighty questionnaires were administered to obtain the primary data and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The results revealed that majority (70%) of the respondent were male, however (61.2%) of them had tertiary education. Majority (60%) of the respondents were aware of changes in climate in the area. Majority (65%) and (55%) of the respondents were involved in incidence of deforestation and charcoal production respectively. In conclusion, it was discovered that little knowledge about climate change and its effects were found among fisher folk. Therefore it recommends that sensitization workshops/lectures be done to enable the fisher folk have adequate knowledge on climate change and the implications on fisheries activities in the basin.
    Description: includes: 11 references.
    Keywords: Pollution ; Fisheries ; Nigeria ; Climate change ; Fisher folk ; Fishing community ; Awareness ; freshwater environment ; automation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 380-384
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 47
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    أمواج المتوسط. مجلة خطة عمل البحر الابيض المتوسط. العدد.57. البحر المتوسط:نظام ايكولوجي مهدد (2021)
    UNEP/MAP | Athens, Greece
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/444 | 43 | 2011-09-29 22:04:11 | 444 | United Nations Environment Programme. Mediterranean Action Plan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Keywords: Environment ; Policies ; Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP) ; Barcelona Convention ; Protocols ; Ecosystems ; Climate change ; Water resources ; Buildings
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 48
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    New fish populations as evidence of climate chage in former dry areas of the Pampa Region ( Southern South America). (2021)
    Asociación Argentina de Ciencias Naturales
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1872 | 196 | 2010-12-09 16:06:28 | 1872
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: Water bodies located at 34º 58' S, 62º 58' W formed after 1980 by 30 % increasing rainfall during the last half century, were colonized by ten fish species which are a subset of the commonest species living in the pampasic lagunas. These new populations imply a displacement of the West of Pampasian fishes to areas of the western basins previously lacking fish.
    Description: ProBiota : Programa para el estudio y uso sustentable de la biota austral) - Serie Documentos Relacionados
    Description: Debe citarse: GÓMEZ, S. E.; P. S. TRENTI & R. C. MENNI. 2001(2004). New fish populations as evidence of climate chage in former dry areas of the Pampa Region ( Southern South America). Physis, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Secc. B, 59(136-137): 43-44. ISSN 0325-0350. Deposited by: Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Argentina ; Pampas ; Ichthyology ; Ictiología ; Populations ; Poblaciones ; Colonization ; Colonización ; Climate change ; Cambio climático ; Dispersal ; Dispersión.
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 43-44
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 49
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Medwaves e-Newsletter. September 2007 (2021)
    UNEP/MAP | Athens, Greece
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/799 | 43 | 2011-09-29 21:34:41 | 799 | United Nations Environment Programme. Mediterranean Action Plan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Keywords: Atmospheric Sciences ; Management ; Environment ; Climate change ; Ozone ; Maritime safety ; Training ; Whales ; Contaminants ; Birds ; Tunisia ; Italy ; Mediterranean
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 50
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    MedWaves: No. 57, 20pp. May 2007: the Mediterranean Action Plan Magazine : the Mediterranean, an ecosystem at risk / MedOndes, No. 57, 20pp. Mai 2007: Le magazine du la Plan d'action pour la Mediterraneé : La Méditerranée, un écosystème en péril (2021)
    United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Mediterranean Action Plan. | Athens, Greece
    In:  unepmedu@unepmap.gr | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/442 | 43 | 2011-09-29 22:03:40 | 442 | United Nations Environment Programme. Mediterranean Action Plan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: (20pp.)
    Keywords: Environment ; Policies ; Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP) ; Barcelona Convention ; Protocols ; Ecosystems ; Climate change ; Water resources ; Buildings ; State of the environment
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 51
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Autonomous adaptation to climate change by shrimp and catfish farmers in Vietnam’s Mekong River delta (2021)
    WorldFish | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/10545 | 115 | 2013-02-07 13:22:28 | 10545 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: The Mekong River delta of Vietnam supports a thriving aquaculture industry but is exposed to the impacts of climate change. In particular, sea level rise and attendant increased flooding (both coastal and riverine) and coastal salinity intrusion threaten the long-term viability of this important industry. This working paper summarizes an analysis of the economics of aquaculture adaptation in the delta, focusing on the grow-out of two exported aquaculture species—the freshwater striped catfish and the brackish-water tiger shrimp. The analysis was conducted for four pond-based production systems: catfish in the inland and coastal provinces and improved extensive and semi-intensive/intensive shrimp culture.
    Description: CGIAR research program on climate change
    Description: Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)
    Description: QUEST-Fish
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Shrimp culture ; Fish culture ; Climate change ; Vietnam
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 23
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 52
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Building climate-resilient food systems for Pacific Islands (2021)
    WorldFish | Penang, Malaysia
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/17291 | 115 | 2015-06-20 06:25:25 | 17291 | WorldFish Center
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-11
    Description: The countries and territories of the Pacific Islands face many challenges in building the three main pillars of food security: availability, access and appropriate use of nutritious food. These challenges arise from factors including rapid population growth and urbanization, shortages of arable land for farming and the availability of cheap, low-quality foods. As a result, many are now highly dependent on imported food, and the incidence of non-communicable diseases in the region is among the highest in the world. This report summarizes: 1) the projected effects of climate change on agriculture, fisheries and aquaculture in the Pacific region; 2) adaptations and supporting policies needed to reduce risks to food production; 3) gaps in knowledge that must be filled in order to implement the adaptations effectively; 4) recommendations to fill these knowledge gaps.
    Description: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security
    Description: CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Aquaculture ; Small-scale agriculture ; Small-scale aquaculture ; Climate change ; Adaptation ; Food security ; Policy ; Resilience ; Research ; Pacific
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 71
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 53
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Estudio del glaciar Lange y su impacto debido al aumento de temperatura en la bahía Almirantazgo, isla Rey Jorge, Antártica (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-10
    Description: Al occidente de la Península Antártica se ha identificado una de las áreas de mayor calentamiento del hemisferio sur. Para caracterizar esta tendencia, se seleccionó el Glaciar Lange (GL) en la Isla Rey Jorge, con el fin de evaluar: 1) temperatura superficial y dinámica del GL utilizando estacas con sensores de temperatura; 2) espesor sumergido del GL y parámetros del mar a través de batimetría (BT) y 29 estaciones CTD frente al GL; 3) frente de glaciar (FG) utilizando BT y un Modelo Digital de Elevación (MDE); 4) cambio en la posición del FG usando MDE y datos históricos de su ancho; 5) flujo de Calving (QC). Los resultados mostraron que el 85 % de las temperaturas estuvieron por encima del punto de fusión de 0 °C (media = 5,0 ± 5,2 °C). Las estacas arrojaron una pérdida promedio de hielo de 9,3 ± 1,3 cm. La dinámica promedio del GL fue de 8,8 ± 1,5 m (0,40 ± 0,70 m/día), corroborado por imágenes de satélite Sentinel-1 (Offset Tracking = 0,43 ± 0,01 m/día). Se identificó una intrusión de aguas externas más cálidas que las aguas residentes en la bahía del GL, lo cual desestabiliza la columna de agua debido a procesos de convección. Nuestros hallazgos en conjunto indicaron una fusión glaciar continua que aumenta su dinámica debido al aumento de temperatura, con un aporte de agua dulce a la Bahía del Almirantazgo. Según los resultados históricos y este estudio, el retroceso del GL se estimó entre 1956 y 2019 en 2.492 m.
    Description: In the western Antarctic Peninsula one of the areas the highest warming in the southern hemisphere has been identified. To characterize this tendency, we selected the Lange Glacier (LG) on King George Island, to evaluate: 1) LG surface temperature and dynamics using stakes with temperature data loggers; 2) LG submerged thickness and sea parameters through bathymetry (BT) and 29 CTD stations in front of LG; 3) glacier front (GF) using BT and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM); 4) change in GF position using DEM and historical data of GF width; 5) Calving flux (QC). Our findings showed 85 % of temperatures were above the 0 °C melting point (mean = 5.0 ± 5.2 °C). The stakes had an average ice loss of 9.3 ± 1.3 cm. The LG mean dynamics was 8.8 ± 1.5 m (0.40 ± 0.70 m/day), corroborated by Sentinel-1 satellite images (Offset Tracking = 0.43 ± 0.01 m/day). An intrusion of external waters warmer in the LG bay was identified, which destabilizes the water column due to convection processes. Our findings together indicated a continuous glacial melt that increases its dynamics due to the increase in temperature, with a contribution of fresh water to the Admiralty Bay. Based on historical results and this study, the LG retracement was estimated in 2,492 m between 1956 and 2019.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Glaciar Lange ; Lange Glacier ; Deshielo ; Cambio Climático ; Climate change ; Flujo de Calving ; Calving flux ; Antártica ; Antarctica ; ASFA_2015::M::Melting
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp. 59-84
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 54
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Measurements meet human observations: integrating distinctive ways of knowing in the Pamir Mountains of Tajikistan to assess local climate change (2021)
    Springer Netherlands
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-15
    Description: In mountain environments dimensions of climate change are unclear because of limited availability of meteorological stations. However, there is a necessity to assess the scope of local climate change, as the livelihood and food systems of subsistence-based communities are already getting impacted. To provide more clarity about local climate trends in the Pamir Mountains of Tajikistan, this study integrates measured climate data with community observations in the villages of Savnob and Roshorv. Taking a transdisciplinary approach, both knowledge systems were considered as equally pertinent and mutually informed the research process. Statistical trends of temperature and snow cover were retrieved using downscaled ERA5 temperature data and the snow cover product MOD10A1. Local knowledge was gathered through community workshops and structured interviews and analysed using a consensus index. Results showed, that local communities perceived increasing temperatures in autumn and winter and decreasing amounts of snow and rain. Instrumental data records indicated an increase in summer temperatures and a shortening of the snow season in Savnob. As both knowledge systems entail their own strengths and limitations, an integrative assessment can broaden the understanding of local climate trends by (i) reducing existing uncertainties, (ii) providing new information, and (iii) introducing unforeseen perspectives. The presented study represents a time-efficient and global applicable approach for assessing local dimensions of climate change in data-deficient regions.
    Description: Projekt DEAL
    Keywords: ddc:551.6 ; Climate change ; Pamir Mountains ; Local knowledge ; Perception ; Climate data ; Statistical downscaling
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 55
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Modellierung der küstennahen Grundwasserversalzung in Niedersachsen abgeleitet aus aeroelektromagnetischen Daten (2021)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: Die Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) führte in den Jahren 2000–2014 umfangreiche (etwa 5900 km2) aerogeophysikalische Erkundungen an der niedersächsischen Nordseeküste durch. Die Aeroelektromagnetik liefert Informationen über die elektrisch leitfähigen Strukturen im Erduntergrund und ermöglicht die Unterscheidung von Süß- und Salzwasser wie auch von Tonen und Sanden. Im Landesamt für Bergbau, Energie und Geologie (LBEG) sowie am Leibniz Institut für Angewandte Geophysik (LIAG) wurden diese Daten zur Kartierung der Tiefenlage der Süß‑/Salzwassergrenze genutzt. Dadurch ist unter anderem eine detaillierte Karte der Grundwasserversalzung innerhalb der küstennahen Aquifere entlang der niedersächsischen Nordseeküste im Maßstab 1:50.000 entstanden. Diese zeigt den aktuellen Stand der Grundwasserversalzung, abgeleitet aus den gewonnenen Elektromagnetik-Modellen. Die Modelle waren auch Grundlage für eine hydraulische Modellierung der Süßwasserlinse der Nordseeinsel Borkum. Darauf aufbauende Simulationen zeigen die Entwicklung der Grundwassersituation für den Zeitraum bis 2100.
    Description: Landesamt für Bergbau, Energie und Geologie (LBEG) (4273)
    Keywords: ddc:551.49 ; Grundwasserversalzung ; Modellierung ; Aeroelektromagnetik ; Klimawandel ; Süßwasserlinse ; Fresh-saline groundwater Interface ; Climate change ; Airborne electromagnetics ; Freshwater lenses
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 56
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Can Tanzania’s adaptation measures prevent future maize yield decline? A simulation study from Singida region (2021)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-01
    Description: Cereal crop production in sub-Saharan Africa has not achieved the much-needed increase in yields to foster economic development and food security. Maize yields in the region’s semi-arid agroecosystems are constrained by highly variable rainfall, which may be worsened by climate change. Thus, the Tanzanian government has prioritized agriculture as an adaptation sector in its intended nationally determined contribution, and crop management adjustments as a key investment area in its Agricultural Sector Development Programme. In this study, we investigated how future changes in maize yields under different climate scenarios can be countered by regional adjusted crop management and cultivar adaptation strategies. A crop model was used to simulate maize yields in the Singida region of Tanzania for the baseline period 1980–2012 and under three future climate projections for 2020–2060 and 2061–2099. Adaptation strategies to improve yields were full irrigation, deficit irrigation, mulch and nitrogen addition and another cultivar. According to our model results, increase in temperature is the main driver of future maize yield decline. Increased respiration and phenological development were associated with lower maize yields of 16% in 2020–2060 and 20% in 2061–2099 compared to the 1980–2012 baseline. Surprisingly, none of the management strategies significantly improved yields; however, a different maize variety that was tested as an alternative coping strategy performed better. This study suggests that investment in accessibility of improved varieties and investigation of maize traits that have the potential to perform well in a warmer future are better suited for sustaining maize production in the semi-arid region than adjustments in crop management.
    Description: Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)
    Description: Universität Hohenheim (3153)
    Keywords: ddc:631 ; Maize ; Climate change ; Adaptation ; Model ; Tanzania ; NDC
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 57
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Assessment of crop risk due to climate change in Sao Tome and Principe (2021)
    Costa Resende Ferreira, Nicole ; Martins, Minella ; da Silva Tavares, Priscila ; [et al.]
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-01
    Description: Sao Tome and Principe is a small insular country in the west coast of Central Africa. The small dimensions of the islands and the limited natural resources put these islands under highly vulnerable to climate change. To assess the possible future impacts and risks on their agricultural activities, the high-resolution 4-km downscaled climate change projections using Eta regional climate model are used. A crop risk index (CRI) is proposed to assess the risk of climate change on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.), pepper (Piper nigrum L. and Piper guinesse L.), taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott), and maize (Zea mays L.). The index takes into account the vulnerability to climate conditions and the crop yield in the future, and it is classified into very-high, high, moderate, low, and very-low. The climate change projections indicate increase in the risk of taro crop, partly due to thermal stress and partly due to the susceptibility to the leaf blight crop disease in taro. The risk of production of the pepper crop is very-high, mainly due to water stress. In mountain regions, the greater risk is due to the thermal stress caused by low temperatures. The cocoa crop is at risk due to water stress, mainly in the northwestern part of the Sao Tome Island, where major local production occurs. The projection indicates increase of the area with very-high risk to maize crops due to the increase of thermal stress and susceptibility to rust. In addition, in parts of the coastal regions, the risk changed from very-low to high risk, due to the low productivity potential. In general, the risks of the four major crops of Sao Tome and Principe increase in the future climate conditions.
    Description: UNEP, FUNDEP, Sao Tome and Principe National Institute of Meteorology
    Description: CNPq
    Keywords: ddc:631 ; Crop risk index ; Climate change ; Small Islands Developing States ; Eta model ; Agriculture risk assessment
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 58
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Climate change impacts on potential maize yields in Gambella Region, Ethiopia (2021)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-01
    Description: Changing climate conditions are supposed to have particularly strong impacts on agricultural production in the tropics with strong implications on food security. Ethiopia’s economy is profoundly dominated by agriculture, contributing to around 40% of the gross domestic product. Thereby, Ethiopia is one of the most vulnerable countries to the impact of climate change and has a wide gap in regional climate change impact studies. In this study, we systematically investigate climate change impacts on yields for the Gambella region in Ethiopia, exemplarily for maize. Here, we show how yields change until 2100 for RCPs 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 from a climate model ensemble under rainfed and irrigated conditions. While rainfed yields decrease by 15% and 14% respectively for RCPs 2.6 and 4.5, yields decrease by up to 32% under RCP 8.5. Except for RCP 8.5, yields are not further decreasing after 2040–2069. We found that temperature increase, changing soil water availability, and atmospheric CO2 concentration have different effects on the simulated yield potential. Our results demonstrate the dominance of heat response under future climate conditions in the tropical Gambella region, contributing to 85% of total yield changes. Accordingly, irrigation will lose effectiveness for increasing yield when temperature becomes the limiting factor. CO2, on the other hand, contributes positively to yield changes by 8.9% for RCP 8.5. For all scenarios, the growing period is shorted due to increasing temperature by up to 29 days for RCP 8.5. Our results suggest that new varieties with higher growing degree days are primarily required to the region for adapting to future climate conditions.
    Description: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (1024)
    Keywords: ddc:631 ; Climate change ; Agriculture ; Regional study ; Crop model
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 59
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Current and future state of groundwater salinization of the northern Elbe-Weser region (2021)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-09
    Description: Salinization of the upper aquifer of the northern Elbe-Weser region almost extends to the surface. Chloride content exceeds 250 mg/l and the groundwater is therefore, according to the German Drinking Water Ordinance, not suitable as drinking water. The chloride content in the aquifer originates from early flooding with seawater which occurred during the Holocene sea level rise. Depth and extent of the salinization were mapped by airborne electromagnetic surveys and validated by groundwater analyses. In the transition zone between the marshlands and geest areas, the fresh-saline groundwater interface falls to a depth of 〉 −175 m NHN. Due to the extensive drainage of the marshlands, seepage of fresh groundwater is impeded. Instead, an upconing of the fresh-saline groundwater interface appears due to an upwardly directed hydraulic gradient. Due to climate change, chloride concentrations will increase along the coastlines. Further inland, a decrease of chloride content in near-surface groundwater will occur.
    Description: Interreg http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100013276
    Description: Landesamt für Bergbau, Energie und Geologie (LBEG) (4273)
    Keywords: ddc:551.49 ; Fresh-saline groundwater interface ; HEM ; Drainage ; Cl/Br ratio ; Climate change ; Süß‑/Salzwassergrenze ; HEM ; Cl/Br-Verhältnis ; Klimawandel
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 60
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Natural hazards and climate change are not drivers of disasters (2021)
    Springer Netherlands
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-25
    Description: Many nations face challenges in assessing, understanding, and responding to the time-dependent nature of disaster risk. Changes in the intensity of occurrences of extreme events coupled with changes in vulnerability and exposure alter the impacts of natural hazards on society in mostly negative ways. Here an interrelationship between natural hazard (NH), climate change (CC), vulnerability (V), exposure (E), and decisionmaking (DM) is considered. While NHs trigger disasters and CC is likely to intensify occurrences of disasters, V and E present major drivers of disasters. Informed DM on disaster risk reduction should be based on scientific evidence from NH and CC, knowledge of V and E, and relevant options for actions on preventive disaster measures as a part of preparedness and public awareness.
    Description: Russian Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006769
    Description: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) (4220)
    Keywords: ddc:363.7 ; Disaster ; Vulnerability ; Exposure ; Natural hazard ; Risk ; Climate change ; Preparedness ; Public awareness
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 61
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Environmental matching reveals non-uniform range-shift patterns in benthic marine Crustacea (2021)
    Springer Netherlands
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-25
    Description: Empirical and theoretical studies suggest that marine species respond to ocean warming by shifting ranges poleward and/or into deeper depths. However, future distributional patterns of deep-sea organisms, which comprise the largest ecosystem of Earth, remain poorly known. We explore potential horizontal range shifts of benthic shallow-water and deep-sea Crustacea due to climatic changes within the remainder of the century, and discuss the results in light of species-specific traits related to invasiveness. Using a maximum entropy approach, we estimated the direction and magnitude of distributional shifts for 94 species belonging to 12 orders of benthic marine crustaceans, projected to the years 2050 and 2100. Distance, direction, and species richness shifts between climate zones were estimated conservatively, by considering only areas suitable, non-extrapolative, and adjacent to the currently known distributions. Our hypothesis is that species will present poleward range-shifts, based on results of previous studies. Results reveal idiosyncratic and species-specific responses, with prevailing poleward shifts and a decline of species richness at mid-latitudes, while more frequent shifts between temperate to polar regions were recovered. Shallow-water species are expected to shift longer distances than deep-sea species. Net gain of suitability is slightly higher than the net loss for shallow-water species, while for deep-sea species, the net loss is higher than the gain in all scenarios. Our estimates can be viewed as a set of hypotheses for future analytical and empirical studies, and will be useful in planning and executing strategic interventions and developing conservation strategies.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung (SGN) (3507)
    Keywords: ddc:577.7 ; Climate change ; Deep-sea ; Shallow-water ; Distributional shift ; Ecological niche modeling ; Mobility-oriented parity metric (MOP)
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 62
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Crop diversity effects on temporal agricultural production stability across European regions (2021)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-29
    Description: Stabilizing agricultural production is fundamental to food security. At the national level, increasing the effective diversity of cultivated crops has been found to increase temporal production stability, i.e., the year-to-year stability of total caloric production of all crops combined. Here, we specifically investigated these effects at the regional level for the European Union and tested the effect of crop diversity in relation to agricultural inputs, soil properties, climate instability, and time on caloric, protein, and fat stability, as we hypothesized that the effect of diversity is context dependent. We further investigated these relationships for specific countries. We found that greater crop diversity was consistently associated with an increase in production stability, particularly in regions with large areas equipped for irrigation and low soil type diversity. For instance, in Spain and Italy, crop diversity showed the strongest positive effect among all predictors, while on the European level, the stabilizing effect of nitrogen use was substantially higher. In Germany, the crop diversity-stability relationship was weak, suggesting that crops react similarly to climatic, economic, and political factors or are grown in the same periods. With this study, we substantiate previous findings that crop diversity stabilizes agricultural caloric production and extend these with regard to protein and fat. The results elucidate the key drivers that enhance production stability for different European countries and regions, which is of key importance for a comparably productive agricultural region like Europe.
    Description: Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001656
    Description: Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH - UFZ (4215)
    Keywords: ddc: ; Agroecology ; Climate change ; Resilience ; Sustainability
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 63
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Deltas in arid environments (2021)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Day, J., Goodman, R., Chen, Z., Hunter, R., Giosan, L., & Wang, Y. Deltas in arid environments. Water, 13(12), (2021): 1677, https://doi.org/10.3390/w13121677.
    Description: Due to increasing water use, diversion and salinization, along with subsidence and sea-level rise, deltas in arid regions are shrinking worldwide. Some of the most ecologically important arid deltas include the Colorado, Indus, Nile, and Tigris-Euphrates. The primary stressors vary globally, but these deltas are threatened by increased salinization, water storage and diversion, eutrophication, and wetland loss. In order to make these deltas sustainable over time, some water flow, including seasonal flooding, needs to be re-established. Positive impacts have been seen in the Colorado River delta after flows to the delta were increased. In addition to increasing freshwater flow, collaboration among stakeholders and active management are necessary. For the Nile River, cooperation among different nations in the Nile drainage basin is important. River flow into the Tigris-Euphrates River delta has been affected by politics and civil strife in the Middle East, but some flow has been re-allocated to the delta. Studies commissioned for the Indus River delta recommended re-establishment of some monthly water flow to maintain the river channel and to fight saltwater intrusion. However, accelerating climate impacts, socio-political conflicts, and growing populations suggest a dire future for arid deltas.
    Description: This research received no external funding.
    Keywords: Salinization ; Climate change ; Colorado river ; Tigris-Euphrates river ; Nile river ; Indus river
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 64
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Impacts of multiple stressors on a benthic foraminiferal community: a long-term experiment assessing response to ocean acidification, hypoxia and warming (2021)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Bernhard, J. M., Wit, J. C., Starczak, V. R., Beaudoin, D. J., Phalen, W. G., & McCorkle, D. C. Impacts of multiple stressors on a benthic foraminiferal community: a long-term experiment assessing response to ocean acidification, hypoxia and warming. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, (2021): 643339, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.643339.
    Description: Ocean chemistry is changing as a result of human activities. Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations are increasing, causing an increase in oceanic pCO2 that drives a decrease in oceanic pH, a process called ocean acidification (OA). Higher CO2 concentrations are also linked to rising global temperatures that can result in more stratified surface waters, reducing the exchange between surface and deep waters; this stronger stratification, along with nutrient pollution, contributes to an expansion of oxygen-depleted zones (so called hypoxia or deoxygenation). Determining the response of marine organisms to environmental changes is important for assessments of future ecosystem functioning. While many studies have assessed the impact of individual or paired stressors, fewer studies have assessed the combined impact of pCO2, O2, and temperature. A long-term experiment (∼10 months) with different treatments of these three stressors was conducted to determine their sole or combined impact on the abundance and survival of a benthic foraminiferal community collected from a continental-shelf site. Foraminifera are well suited to such study because of their small size, relatively rapid growth, varied mineralogies and physiologies. Inoculation materials were collected from a ∼77-m deep site south of Woods Hole, MA. Very fine sediments (〈53 μm) were used as inoculum, to allow the entire community to respond. Thirty-eight morphologically identified taxa grew during the experiment. Multivariate statistical analysis indicates that hypoxia was the major driving factor distinguishing the yields, while warming was secondary. Species responses were not consistent, with different species being most abundant in different treatments. Some taxa grew in all of the triple-stressor samples. Results from the experiment suggest that foraminiferal species’ responses will vary considerably, with some being negatively impacted by predicted environmental changes, while other taxa will tolerate, and perhaps even benefit, from deoxygenation, warming and OA.
    Description: This work was supported by the US NSF SEES-OA grant OCE-1219948 to JB and the Investment in Science Program at WHOI. DM also received support from the NSF Independent Research and Development Program.
    Keywords: Deoxygenation ; Ocean acidification ; Benthic communities ; Benthic foraminifera ; Climate change ; Propagule bank ; Global warming
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 65
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Model responses to CO(2) and warming are underestimated without explicit representation of Arctic small-mammal grazing (2021)
    Ecological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Rastetter, E. B., Griffin, K. L., Rowe, R. J., Gough, L., McLaren, J. R., & Boelman, N. T. Model responses to CO(2) and warming are underestimated without explicit representation of Arctic small-mammal grazing. Ecological Applications, (2021): e02478, https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2478.
    Description: We use a simple model of coupled carbon and nitrogen cycles in terrestrial ecosystems to examine how “explicitly representing grazers” vs. “having grazer effects implicitly aggregated in with other biogeochemical processes in the model” alters predicted responses to elevated carbon dioxide and warming. The aggregated approach can affect model predictions because grazer-mediated processes can respond differently to changes in climate compared with the processes with which they are typically aggregated. We use small-mammal grazers in a tundra as an example and find that the typical three-to-four-year cycling frequency is too fast for the effects of cycle peaks and troughs to be fully manifested in the ecosystem biogeochemistry. We conclude that implicitly aggregating the effects of small-mammal grazers with other processes results in an underestimation of ecosystem response to climate change, relative to estimations in which the grazer effects are explicitly represented. The magnitude of this underestimation increases with grazer density. We therefore recommend that grazing effects be incorporated explicitly when applying models of ecosystem response to global change.
    Description: This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under NSF grants 1651722, 1637459, 1603560, 1556772, 1841608 to E.B.R.; 1603777 to N.T.B. and K.L.G.; 1603654 to R.J.R.; 1603760 to L.G.; and 1603677 to J.R.M.
    Keywords: Arctic tundra ; Biogeochemistry ; Carbon cycling ; Carbon-nitrogen ecosystem model ; Climate change ; Nitrogen cycling ; Population cycles ; Small-mammal herbivores
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 66
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Estimating the impact of seep methane oxidation on ocean pH and dissolved inorganic radiocarbon along the US Mid-Atlantic Bight (2021)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 126(1), (2021): e2019JG005621, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005621.
    Description: Ongoing ocean warming can release methane (CH4) currently stored in ocean sediments as free gas and gas hydrates. Once dissolved in ocean waters, this CH4 can be oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2). While it has been hypothesized that the CO2 produced from aerobic CH4 oxidation could enhance ocean acidification, a previous study conducted in Hudson Canyon shows that CH4 oxidation has a small short‐term influence on ocean pH and dissolved inorganic radiocarbon. Here we expand upon that investigation to assess the impact of widespread CH4 seepage on CO2 chemistry and possible accumulation of this carbon injection along 234 km of the U.S. Mid‐Atlantic Bight. Consistent with the estimates from Hudson Canyon, we demonstrate that a small fraction of ancient CH4‐derived carbon is being assimilated into the dissolved inorganic radiocarbon (mean fraction of 0.5 ± 0.4%). The areas with the highest fractions of ancient carbon coincide with elevated CH4 concentration and active gas seepage. This suggests that aerobic CH4 oxidation has a greater influence on the dissolved inorganic pool in areas where CH4 concentrations are locally elevated, instead of displaying a cumulative effect downcurrent from widespread groupings of CH4 seeps. A first‐order approximation of the input rate of ancient‐derived dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) into the waters overlying the northern U.S. Mid‐Atlantic Bight further suggests that oxidation of ancient CH4‐derived carbon is not negligible on the global scale and could contribute to deepwater acidification over longer time scales.
    Description: This study was sponsored by U.S. Department of Energy (DE‐FE0028980, awarded to J. D. K; DE‐FE0026195 interagency agreement with C. D. R.). We thank the crew of the R/V Hugh R. Sharp for their support, G. Hatcher, J. Borden, and M. Martini of the USGS for assistance with the LADCP, and Zach Bunnell, Lillian Henderson, and Allison Laubach for additional support at sea.
    Description: 2021-06-23
    Keywords: Radiocarbon ; Methane ; DIC ; Ocean acidification ; Climate change ; U.S Mid-Atlantic Bight
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 67
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Time lags: insights from the U.S. Long Term Ecological Research Network (2021)
    Ecological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Rastetter, E. B., Ohman, M. D., Elliott, K. J., Rehage, J. S., Rivera-Monroy, V. H., Boucek, R. E., Castaneda-Moya, E., Danielson, T. M., Gough, L., Groffman, P. M., Jackson, C. R., Miniat, C. F., & Shaver, G. R. Time lags: insights from the U.S. Long Term Ecological Research Network. Ecosphere, 12(5), (2021): e03431, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3431.
    Description: Ecosystems across the United States are changing in complex ways that are difficult to predict. Coordinated long-term research and analysis are required to assess how these changes will affect a diverse array of ecosystem services. This paper is part of a series that is a product of a synthesis effort of the U.S. National Science Foundation’s Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) network. This effort revealed that each LTER site had at least one compelling scientific case study about “what their site would look like” in 50 or 100 yr. As the site results were prepared, themes emerged, and the case studies were grouped into separate papers along five themes: state change, connectivity, resilience, time lags, and cascading effects and compiled into this special issue. This paper addresses the time lags theme with five examples from diverse biomes including tundra (Arctic), coastal upwelling (California Current Ecosystem), montane forests (Coweeta), and Everglades freshwater and coastal wetlands (Florida Coastal Everglades) LTER sites. Its objective is to demonstrate the importance of different types of time lags, in different kinds of ecosystems, as drivers of ecosystem structure and function and how these can effectively be addressed with long-term studies. The concept that slow, interactive, compounded changes can have dramatic effects on ecosystem structure, function, services, and future scenarios is apparent in many systems, but they are difficult to quantify and predict. The case studies presented here illustrate the expanding scope of thinking about time lags within the LTER network and beyond. Specifically, they examine what variables are best indicators of lagged changes in arctic tundra, how progressive ocean warming can have profound effects on zooplankton and phytoplankton in waters off the California coast, how a series of species changes over many decades can affect Eastern deciduous forests, and how infrequent, extreme cold spells and storms can have enduring effects on fish populations and wetland vegetation along the Southeast coast and the Gulf of Mexico. The case studies highlight the need for a diverse set of LTER (and other research networks) sites to sort out the multiple components of time lag effects in ecosystems.
    Description: This research was supported by the National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research program grants to the Arctic (Grants DEB-1637459 and 1026843), California Current (Grants OCE-1637632 and 1026607), Coweeta (Grants DEB-1637522, 1440485, 0823293, 9632854, and 0218001), and Florida Coastal Everglades (Grants DEB-9910514 and 1237517 and DBI-0620409) sites. We also acknowledge the sustained efforts of the CalCOFI program, present and previous staff of the SIO Pelagic Invertebrate Collection, and the late Ed Brinton for his pioneering insights in euphausiid ecology. The Coweeta research and synthesis were also supported by the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory. Partial funding to VHRM was provided by the U.S. Department of the Interior South-Central Climate Science Center through Cooperative Agreement # G12AC00002.
    Keywords: Climate change ; Climate change detection ; Climate signal filtering ; Ecosystem response ; Special Feature: Forecasting Earth's Ecosystems with Long-Term Ecological Research
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 68
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Deep North Atlantic last glacial maximum salinity reconstruction (2021)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-19
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology 36(7), (2021): e2020PA004088, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020PA004088.
    Description: We reconstruct deep water-mass salinities and spatial distributions in the western North Atlantic during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 19–26 ka), a period when atmospheric CO2 was significantly lower than it is today. A reversal in the LGM Atlantic meridional bottom water salinity gradient has been hypothesized for several LGM water-mass reconstructions. Such a reversal has the potential to influence climate, ocean circulation, and atmospheric CO2 by increasing the thermal energy and carbon storage capacity of the deep ocean. To test this hypothesis, we reconstructed LGM bottom water salinity based on sedimentary porewater chloride profiles in a north-south transect of piston cores collected from the deep western North Atlantic. LGM bottom water salinity in the deep western North Atlantic determined by the density-based method is 3.41–3.99 ± 0.15% higher than modern values at these sites. This increase is consistent with: (a) the 3.6% global average salinity change expected from eustatic sea level rise, (b) a northward expansion of southern sourced deep water, (c) shoaling of northern sourced deep water, and (d) a reversal of the Atlantic's north-south deep water salinity gradient during the LGM.
    Description: This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation (grant numbers 1433150 and 1537485).
    Description: 2021-10-24
    Keywords: Carbon cycle ; Climate change ; Deep water ; Glaciation ; Meridional overturning circulation ; Paleosalinity ; Porewater
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 69
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Marine sedimentary records of chemical weathering evolution in the western Himalaya since 17 Ma (2021)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-19
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Zhou, P., Ireland, T., Murray, R. W., & Clift, P. D. Marine sedimentary records of chemical weathering evolution in the western Himalaya since 17 Ma. Geosphere, 17(3), (2021): 824–853, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02211.1.
    Description: The Indus Fan derives sediment from the western Himalaya and Karakoram. Sediment from International Ocean Discovery Program drill sites in the eastern part of the fan coupled with data from an industrial well near the river mouth allow the weathering history of the region since ca. 16 Ma to be reconstructed. Clay minerals, bulk sediment geochemistry, and magnetic susceptibility were used to constrain degrees of chemical alteration. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was used to measure the abundance of moisture-sensitive minerals hematite and goethite. Indus Fan sediment is more weathered than Bengal Fan material, probably reflecting slow transport, despite the drier climate, which slows chemical weathering rates. Some chemical weathering proxies, such as K/Si or kaolinite/(illite + chlorite), show no temporal evolution, but illite crystallinity and the chemical index of alteration do have statistically measurable decreases over long time periods. Using these proxies, we suggest that sediment alteration was moderate and then increased from 13 to 11 Ma, remained high until 9 Ma, and then reduced from that time until 6 Ma in the context of reduced physical erosion during a time of increasing aridity as tracked by hematite/goethite values. The poorly defined reducing trend in weathering intensity is not clearly linked to global cooling and at least partly reflects regional climate change. Since 6 Ma, weathering has been weak but variable since a final reduction in alteration state after 3.5 Ma that correlates with the onset of Northern Hemispheric glaciation. Reduced or stable chemical weathering at a time of falling sedimentation rates is not consistent with models for Cenozoic global climate change that invoke greater Himalayan weathering fluxes drawing down atmospheric CO2 but are in accord with the idea of greater surface reactivity to weathering.
    Description: This study was made possible by samples provided by the IODP. The work was partially funded by a grant from The U.S. Science Support Program (USSSP), as well as additional funding from the Charles T. McCord Jr. Endowed Chair in petroleum geology at LSU.
    Keywords: Alteration ; Arabian Sea ; Arid environment ; Asia ; Bengal Fan ; Chemical composition ; Chemical weathering ; Chlorite ; Chlorite group ; Clay minerals ; Climate change ; Cooling ; Crystallinity ; Emission spectra ; Erosion ; Expedition 355 ; Glaciation ; Goethite ; Grain size ; Hematite ; Himalayas ; ICP mass spectra ; Illite ; Indian Ocean ; Indus Fan ; International Ocean Discovery Program ; IODP Site U1456 ; IODP Site U1457 ; Kaolinite ; Karakoram ; Magnetic properties ; Magnetic susceptibility ; Marine environment ; Mass spectra ; Mineral assemblages ; Moisture ; Oxides ; Paleoclimatology ; Paleoenvironment ; Paleomagnetism ; Provenance ; Reactivity ; Reconstruction ; Sediment transport ; Sedimentary rocks ; Sedimentation ; Sedimentation rates ; Sheet silicates ; Silicates ; Spectra ; Terrestrial environment ; Transport ; Weathering
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 70
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Heterogeneous Changes to Wetlands in the Canadian Prairies Under Future Climate (2021)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-20
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Water Resources Research 57(7), (2021): e2020WR028727, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR028727.
    Description: Numerous wetlands in the prairies of Canada provide important ecosystem services, yet are threatened by climate and land-use changes. Understanding the impacts of climate change on prairie wetlands is critical to effective conservation planning. In this study, we construct a wetland model with surface water balance and ecoregions to project future distribution of wetlands. The climatic conditions downscaled from the Weather Research and Forecasting model were used to drive the Noah-MP land surface model to obtain surface water balance. The climate change perturbation is derived from an ensemble of general circulation models using the pseudo global warming method, under the RCP8.5 emission scenario by the end of 21st century. The results show that climate change impacts on wetland extent are spatiotemporally heterogenous. Future wetter climate in the western Prairies will favor increased wetland abundance in both spring and summer. In the eastern Prairies, particularly in the mixed grassland and mid-boreal upland, wetland areas will increase in spring but experience enhanced declines in summer due to strong evapotranspiration. When these effects of climate change are considered in light of historical drainage, they suggest a need for diverse conservation and restoration strategies. For the mixed grassland in the western Canadian Prairies, wetland restoration will be favorable, while the highly drained eastern Prairies will be challenged by the intensified hydrological cycle. The outcomes of this study will be useful to conservation agencies to ensure that current investments will continue to provide good conservation returns in the future.
    Description: Z. Zhang was funded by a Mitacs Accelerate Fellowship funded by Ducks Unlimited Canada's Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research. Z. Zhang, Z. Li, and Y. Li acknowledge the financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant, and Global Water Futures Program, Canada First Research Excellence Fund. This project was supported by grants from Wildlife Habitat Canada, Bass Pro Shops Cabela’s Outdoor Fund, and the Alberta NAWMP Partnership.
    Description: 2021-12-21
    Keywords: Wetland ; Hydrology ; Climate change ; Prairie Pothole Region ; Waterfowl ; Conservation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 71
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Cancelation of deglacial thermosteric sea level rise by a barosteric effect (2021)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Physical Oceanography 50(12),(2020): 3623-3639, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-20-0173.1
    Description: Sea level rise over the last deglaciation is dominated by the mass of freshwater added to the oceans by the melting of the great ice sheets. While the steric effect of changing seawater density is secondary over the last 20 000 years, processes connected to deglacial warming, the redistribution of salt, and the pressure load of meltwater all influence sea level rise by more than a meter. Here we develop a diagnostic for steric effects that is valid when oceanic mass is changing. This diagnostic accounts for seawater compression due to the added overlying pressure of glacial meltwater, which is here defined to be a barosteric effect. Analysis of three-dimensional global seawater reconstructions of the last deglaciation indicates that thermosteric height change (1.0–1.5 m) is counteracted by barosteric (−1.9 m) and halosteric (from −0.4 to 0.0 m) effects. The total deglacial steric effect from −0.7 to −1.1 m has the opposite sign of analyses that assume that thermosteric expansion is dominant. Despite the vertical oceanic structure not being well constrained during the Last Glacial Maximum, net seawater contraction appears robust as it occurs in four reconstructions that were produced using different paleoceanographic datasets. Calculations that do not account for changes in ocean pressure give the misleading impression that steric effects enhanced deglacial sea level rise.
    Description: GG is supported by NSF OCE-1536380 and OCE-1760878.
    Description: 2021-06-01
    Keywords: Abyssal circulation ; Sea level ; Water masses/storage ; Climate change ; Glaciation ; Water budget/balance
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 72
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Paleoclimate constraints on the spatiotemporal character of past and future droughts (2021)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 33(22), (2020): 9883-9903, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0004.1.
    Description: Machine-learning-based methods that identify drought in three-dimensional space–time are applied to climate model simulations and tree-ring-based reconstructions of hydroclimate over the Northern Hemisphere extratropics for the past 1000 years, as well as twenty-first-century projections. Analyzing reconstructed and simulated drought in this context provides a paleoclimate constraint on the spatiotemporal characteristics of simulated droughts. Climate models project that there will be large increases in the persistence and severity of droughts over the coming century, but with little change in their spatial extent. Nevertheless, climate models exhibit biases in the spatiotemporal characteristics of persistent and severe droughts over parts of the Northern Hemisphere. We use the paleoclimate record and results from a linear inverse modeling-based framework to conclude that climate models underestimate the range of potential future hydroclimate states. Complicating this picture, however, are divergent changes in the characteristics of persistent and severe droughts when quantified using different hydroclimate metrics. Collectively our results imply that these divergent responses and the aforementioned biases must be better understood if we are to increase confidence in future hydroclimate projections. Importantly, the novel framework presented herein can be applied to other climate features to robustly describe their spatiotemporal characteristics and provide constraints on future changes to those characteristics.
    Description: This material is based upon work supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is a major facility sponsored by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement 1852977. JAF was also supported by the Regional and Global Model Analysis (RGMA) component of the Earth and Environmental System Modeling Program of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological & Environmental Research (BER) via National Science Foundation IA 1844590. JS was supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation through Grants AGS-1602920 and AGS-1805490, and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration by Grant NA20OAR4310425. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme’s Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table 1) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portal. We thank the editor and two reviewers for comments that greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. This is SOEST Publication No. 11116 and LDEO Publication No. 8450.
    Description: 2021-04-15
    Keywords: Drought ; Climate change ; Paleoclimate ; Climate models ; Climate variability ; Other artificial intelligence/machine learning
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 73
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf das Grundwasser und die Wasserversorgung in Süddeutschland (2021)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-17
    Description: Für die öffentliche Trinkwasserversorgung in Süddeutschland wird größtenteils Grund- und Quellwasser genutzt. Der Kenntnis über die Entwicklung des Bodenwasserhaushalts und insbesondere der Grundwasserneubildung kommt somit eine große Bedeutung zu. Im Rahmen der Kooperation KLIWA (Klimaveränderung und Konsequenzen für die Wasserwirtschaft, www.kliwa.de) wurde die Entwicklung des Bodenwasserhaushaltes und der Grundwasserneubildung aus Niederschlag für den Zeitraum von 1951 bis 2019 für die Länder Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen und Rheinland-Pfalz mit dem Bodenwasserhaushaltmodell GWN-BW modelliert. Seit Ende der 1980er-Jahre zeigt sich ein Anstieg der mittleren jährlichen Temperatur in Süddeutschland. Die jährlichen Niederschlagssummen haben sich in der jüngeren Vergangenheit (seit 2003) reduziert und somit eine deutliche Verringerung der Grundwasserneubildung aus Niederschlag bewirkt. Gleichzeitig ist eine Zunahme des Trockenheitsindex (Anzahl an Tagen mit Füllung des Bodenwasserspeichers 〈 30 % der nutzbaren Feldkapazität) zu erkennen. Häufiger werdende und länger anhaltende Trockenperioden stellen auch die Wasserwirtschaft zunehmend vor Herausforderungen und bedürfen der frühzeitigen Entwicklung von Handlungsoptionen, z. B. auf der Basis des hier vorgestellten „Trockenwetterdargebots“, um Nutzungskonflikte zu entschärfen.
    Description: LUBW Landesanstalt für Umwelt Baden-Württemberg (5309)
    Keywords: ddc:551.49 ; Wasserversorgung ; Bodenwasserhaushalt ; Grundwasserneubildung ; Klimawandel ; Handlungsoption ; Anpassung ; Water supply ; Soil water balance ; Groundwater recharge ; Climate change ; Action recommendation ; Adaption
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 74
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Experiencing climate change: revisiting the role of local weather in affecting climate change awareness and related policy preferences (2021)
    Springer Netherlands
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-24
    Description: Over the last few years, climate change has risen to the top of the agenda in many Western democracies, backed by a growing share of voters supporting climate protection policies. To understand how and why these changes came about, we revisit the question whether personal experiences with increasingly unusual local weather conditions affect people’s beliefs about climate change and their related attitudes. We first take a closer look at the theoretical underpinnings and extend the theoretical argument to account for the differential impact of different weather phenomena, as well as the role of prior beliefs and individual reference frames. Applying mixed-effects regressions to a novel dataset combining individual-level multi-wave panel survey data from up to 18,010 German voters collected from 2016 to 2019 with weather data from 514 weather stations, we show that personally experiencing unusual or extreme local weather did not shape people’s awareness of climate change as a political problem or their climate policy preferences in a sustained manner. Even among people who may be considered most likely to exhibit such effects, we did not detect them. Moreover, we demonstrate that the common modeling strategy of combining fixed-effects regression with clustered standard errors leads to severely reduced standard errors and substantively different results. We conclude that it cannot be taken for granted that personally experiencing extreme weather phenomena makes a difference in perceptions of climate change and related policy preferences.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:363.7 ; Climate change ; Policy preferences ; Experiential learning ; Mixed-effects regression ; Panel data
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 75
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Climate change literacy and migration potential: micro-level evidence from Africa (2021)
    Springer Netherlands
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-17
    Description: While a growing literature studies the effects of climate change on international migration, still only relatively little is known about the individual mechanisms linking migration decisions to climate change. We argue that climate change literacy (i.e., knowledge about climate change) is a major determinant of why some individuals consider migrating to other countries in response to climate change effects. In particular, climate change literacy helps individuals translate their perceptions of temperature changes into an understanding of these changes’ irreversible long-term consequences. We test this hypothesis using highly accurate geo-coded data for 37,000 individuals across 30 African countries. We show that climate change indeed leads to stronger migration intentions among climate literates only. Furthermore, we show that climate change only increases migration intentions among climate literates when it is approximated by long-run increases in local temperatures, but not when operationalized as changing heat wave or precipitation patterns. Further analyses show that climate literates are more likely to live in urban areas, have a higher news consumption, are highly educated, and have demanding occupations. Consequently, climate change may further deprive affected countries of valuable talent.
    Description: leibniz-gemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001664
    Description: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung gGmbH (3511)
    Description: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/3LRAFL
    Keywords: ddc:304.2 ; International migration ; Migration intentions ; Climate change ; Climate change literacy ; Africa
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 76
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Elastic deformation plays a non-negligible role in Greenland’s outlet glacier flow (2021)
    Christmann, Julia ; Helm, Veit ; Khan, Shfaqat Abbas ; [et al.]
    Nature Publishing Group UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-13
    Description: Future projections of global mean sea level change are uncertain, partly because of our limited understanding of the dynamics of Greenland’s outlet glaciers. Here we study Nioghalvfjerdsbræ, an outlet glacier of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream that holds 1.1 m sea-level equivalent of ice. We use GPS observations and numerical modelling to investigate the role of tides as well as the elastic contribution to glacier flow. We find that ocean tides alter the basal lubrication of the glacier up to 10 km inland of the grounding line, and that their influence is best described by a viscoelastic rather than a viscous model. Further inland, sliding is the dominant mechanism of fast glacier motion, and the ice flow induces persistent elastic strain. We conclude that elastic deformation plays a role in glacier flow, particularly in areas of steep topographic changes and fast ice velocities.
    Description: Ice flow dynamics in Greenland’s outlet glaciers are influenced by elastic deformation, both in the area of tidal influence up to 14 km inland from the grounding line and further upstream, suggest analyses of GPS observations and numerical simulations.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research) https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme
    Description: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.928940
    Description: https://nsidc.org/data/IDBMG4
    Description: https://gitlab.awi.de/jchristm/viscoelastic-79ng-greenland
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5507115
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5506953
    Keywords: ddc:551.31 ; Climate change ; Cryospheric science ; Hydrology
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 77
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Global vulnerability hotspots: differences and agreement between international indicator-based assessments (2021)
    Feldmeyer, Daniel ; Birkmann, Joern ; McMillan, Joanna M. ; [et al.]
    Springer Netherlands
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-15
    Description: Climate change impacts and their consequences are determined not only by the intensity and frequency of different climatic hazards but also by the vulnerability of the system, society or community exposed. While general agreement exists about the importance of assessing vulnerability to understand climate risks, there is still a tendency to neglect global and regional vulnerability patterns because they are hard to quantify, despite their value in informing adaptation, disaster risk and development policies. Several approaches to quantifying global vulnerability exist. These differ in terms of the indicators they use and how they classify countries or regions into vulnerability classes. The paper presents the structure of selected approaches and explores two indices in depth. The aim of this paper is to assess the level of agreement between selected international indicator-based assessments of vulnerability, at the level of climate regions. Results suggest that the two major global vulnerability assessments analysed largely agree on the location of the most and least vulnerable regions when these assessments are aggregated to a regional scale using the IPCC’s climate regions. The paper then discusses the robustness of the information derived and its usefulness for adaptation, disaster risk and development policies. Measuring progress towards reducing vulnerability to climate change and hazards is key for various agencies and actors in order to be able to develop informed policies and strategies for managing climate risks and to promote enabling conditions for achieving the SDGs and building resilience.
    Description: Universität Stuttgart (1023)
    Keywords: ddc:304.28 ; Vulnerability ; Hotspots ; Indicators ; Climate change ; Global mapping
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 78
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The case study of Ceratium hirundinella as a sign of an environment changes in the center of Iranian coasts of Caspian Sea (Farah Abad-2018) (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Ceratium hirundinella is considered as a biological indicator in the environmental and climate changes. In the summer of 2018, the presence of Ceratium hirundinella reported in the Iranian region of the Caspian Sea. So the present study conducted to survey trend of Ceratium hirundinella fluctuations in the Iranian basin of the Caspian Sea during the last 3 decay. The study showed that in the winter of 1995, Ceratium contained very little percentage of phytoplankton density. In the summer of 2013, contribution of the species in dinoflagellates and total phytoplankton biomass reported 34 and 31% respectively. The percentage of Ceratium participation in phytoplankton biomass increased to 70% in summer of 2018. The study also showed that the increasing of water temperature and pH coincided to the Ceratium presence recorded, compared to the same time in the study area. Meanwhile, the trophic state changed from oligotrophic to mesotrophic condition. The annual changes of ceratium (presence and abundance) in the phytoplankton composition may be a response to increase of the regional warming and anthropogenic activity. The Ceratium bloom affects the feeding of planktivore organisms and causes water oxygen decreasing, which it led to fishes killing. Recently, the tendency of aquaculture has been increased in the Caspian Sea, so the monitoring and control methods of Ceratium hirundinella should be considered in the area.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ceratium hirundinella ; Climate change ; Indicator ; Phytoplankton ; Seasons
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.203-207
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 79
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Importance of Orography for Greenland cloud and melt response to atmospheric blocking (2020)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Hahn, L. C., Storelvmo, T., Hofer, S., Parfitt, R., & Ummenhofer, C. C. Importance of Orography for Greenland cloud and melt response to atmospheric blocking. Journal of Climate, 33(10), (2020): 4187-4206, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0527.1.
    Description: More frequent high pressure conditions associated with atmospheric blocking episodes over Greenland in recent decades have been suggested to enhance melt through large-scale subsidence and cloud dissipation, which allows more solar radiation to reach the ice sheet surface. Here we investigate mechanisms linking high pressure circulation anomalies to Greenland cloud changes and resulting cloud radiative effects, with a focus on the previously neglected role of topography. Using reanalysis and satellite data in addition to a regional climate model, we show that anticyclonic circulation anomalies over Greenland during recent extreme blocking summers produce cloud changes dependent on orographic lift and descent. The resulting increased cloud cover over northern Greenland promotes surface longwave warming, while reduced cloud cover in southern and marginal Greenland favors surface shortwave warming. Comparison with an idealized model simulation with flattened topography reveals that orographic effects were necessary to produce area-averaged decreasing cloud cover since the mid-1990s and the extreme melt observed in the summer of 2012. This demonstrates a key role for Greenland topography in mediating the cloud and melt response to large-scale circulation variability. These results suggest that future melt will depend on the pattern of circulation anomalies as well as the shape of the Greenland Ice Sheet.
    Description: This research was supported by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Summer Student Fellow program, by the U.S. National Science Foundation under AGS-1355339 to C.C.U., and by the European Research Council through Grant 758005.
    Keywords: Ice sheets ; Blocking ; Cloud cover ; Topographic effects ; Climate change ; Climate variability
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 80
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Phytobenthic communities of the Barents Sea Arctic zone and climate change (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The study of species structure of benthic seaweeds populations in plant communities of the coastal Arctic zone of Arctic archipelagoes of the Barents Sea on the basis of expeditionary works' materials has been carried out. The use of benthic phytocoenoses occupying a certain biotope with characteristics of ground features, currents, ice conditions while assessing the ecological state of marine coastal Arctic ecosystems has been substantiated. The species composition of phytocoenoses of open and ice-covered areas of the sea is different. It has been established that in extreme Arctic conditions the open areas are characterized by relatively high species diversity. On the contrary at ice-covered areas the reduction of species diversity, the belt distribution of algae and simplification of the community structure as a result of reducing the links between algal populations take place. Algae in such communities are related to each other and to other benthic organisms by topical, trophic and mediative connections. The use of plant communities, rather than individual species of algae as biological indicators and monitors, allows obtaining more complete information about the ecological state of coastal biocoenozes and the ecosystem as a whole. The results of the study can also be used in forecasting the state of the biotic community under climate change in the Arctic zone of the Barents Sea. The similarity of the species composition of the phytocoenozes of the Arctic zone with those living in the boreal zone of the sea, including the Murmansk coast, with a high coefficient of floristic similarity, allows us to conclude that a possible warming will lead to formation of benthic plant communities with characteristics typical for the southern regions of the Barents Sea.
    Description: Проведены исследования видовой структуры бентосных водорослей в сообществах прибрежной зоны арктических архипелагов Баренцева моря на основе материалов экспедиционных работ. Обоснована необходимость использования бентосных фитоценозов, занимающих определенный биотоп с характерными особенностями грунта, течениями, ледовой обстановкой, в процессе оценки экологического состояния морских прибрежных арктических экосистем. Видовой состав фитоценозов открытых и закрытых ледовым покровом участков моря существенно различается. Установлено, что в экстремальных арктических условиях на открытых ото льда участках наблюдается относительно высокое видовое разнообразие водорослей. На закрытых участках отмечается сокращение видового разнообразия, нарушение поясного распределения водорослей и упрощение структуры сообщества за счет уменьшения связей между популяциями водорослей. Водоросли в таких сообществах связаны между собой и с другими бентосными организмами топическими, трофическими и медиативными связями. Использование растительных сообществ, а не отдельных видов водорослей в качестве биологических индикаторов и мониторов позволяет получать более полную информацию об экологическом состоянии прибрежных биоценозов и экосистемы в целом. Результаты исследования можно использовать также в ходе прогнозирования состояния биотического сообщества при изменении климата в арктической зоне Баренцева моря. Сходство видового состава водорослей арктической зоны с таковыми, обитающими в бореальной зоне моря, включая мурманское побережье, при высоком коэффициенте флористического сходства позволяет сделать заключение, что возможное потепление приведет к формированию в арктических районах характерных для южных районов Баренцева моря донных растительных сообществ.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Бентосные сообщества макроводорослей ; Биологический мониторинг ; Арктические морские прибрежные экосистемы ; Изменение климата ; Phytobenthic communities ; Biological monitoring ; Arctic marine coastal ecosystems ; Climate change ; Aquatic communities ; Species composition ; Biocoenosis ; Bioindicators ; Species diversity ; Биоиндикаторы ; Биоценоз ; Видовое разнообразие ; Видовой состав
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.228-236
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 81
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    What causes the AMOC to weaken in CMIP5? (2020)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-16
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 33(4), (2020): 1535-1545, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0547.1.
    Description: In a transient warming scenario, the North Atlantic is influenced by a complex pattern of surface buoyancy flux changes that ultimately weaken the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Here we study the AMOC response in the CMIP5 experiment, using the near-geostrophic balance of the AMOC on interannual time scales to identify the role of temperature and salinity changes in altering the circulation. The thermal wind relationship is used to quantify changes in the zonal density gradients that control the strength of the flow. At 40°N, where the overturning cell is at its strongest, weakening of the AMOC is largely driven by warming between 1000- and 2000-m depth along the western margin. Despite significant subpolar surface freshening, salinity changes are small in the deep branch of the circulation. This is likely due to the influence of anomalously salty water in the subpolar intermediate layers, which is carried northward from the subtropics in the upper limb of the AMOC. In the upper 1000 m at 40°N, salty anomalies due to increased evaporation largely cancel the buoyancy increase due to warming. Therefore, in CMIP5, temperature dynamics are responsible for AMOC weakening, while freshwater forcing instead acts to strengthen the circulation in the net. These results indicate that past modeling studies of AMOC weakening, which rely on freshwater hosing in the subpolar gyre, may not be directly applicable to a more complex warming scenario.
    Description: We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme’s Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table 1 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. We also thank John Marshall for helpful discussions on the driving mechanisms of the AMOC, and three anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved the manuscript. This work was supported by NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program Award 80NSSC17K0372, and by National Science Foundation Award OCE-1433132.
    Description: 2020-07-20
    Keywords: North Atlantic Ocean ; Thermohaline circulation ; Water masses/storage ; Climate change ; Climate prediction ; Climate models
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 82
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Return to rapid ice loss in Greenland and record loss in 2019 detected by the GRACE-FO satellites (2020)
    Sasgen, Ingo ; Wouters, Bert ; Gardner, Alex S. ; [et al.]
    Nature Publishing Group UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: Between 2003-2016, the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) was one of the largest contributors to sea level rise, as it lost about 255 Gt of ice per year. This mass loss slowed in 2017 and 2018 to about 100 Gt yr〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉. Here we examine further changes in rate of GrIS mass loss, by analyzing data from the GRACE-FO (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment – Follow On) satellite mission, launched in May 2018. Using simulations with regional climate models we show that the mass losses observed in 2017 and 2018 by the GRACE and GRACE-FO missions are lower than in any other two year period between 2003 and 2019, the combined period of the two missions. We find that this reduced ice loss results from two anomalous cold summers in western Greenland, compounded by snow-rich autumn and winter conditions in the east. For 2019, GRACE-FO reveals a return to high melt rates leading to a mass loss of 223 ± 12 Gt month〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 during the month of July alone, and a record annual mass loss of 532 ± 58 Gt yr〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉.
    Description: Mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet returned to record levels in 2019, following unusually small loss in 2017-18, according to an analysis of satellite data from GRACE and its follow-on mission GRACE-FO.
    Description: Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (Alfred-Wegener- Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research) https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003207
    Description: Helmholtz Association https://doi.org/10.13039/501100009318
    Description: http://geoweb.princeton.edu/people/simons/software.html
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; Climate change ; Cryospheric science ; Greenland ; ice loss
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 83
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die zukünftige Grundwassernutzung – Betroffenheiten, Handlungsbedarfe und Lösungsansätze (2020)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: Die Ergebnisse regionaler Klimaprojektionen für Deutschland weisen auf eine Zunahme der mittleren Lufttemperatur und eine innerjährliche Verschiebung der Niederschläge – mit feuchteren Wintern und trockeneren Sommern – hin. Darüber hinaus werden sich regional die Häufigkeit, Intensität und Dauer von Hitzewellen, Trockenperioden und Starkregenereignissen weiter erhöhen. Durch diese Veränderungen wird sich auch der Jahresgang der Grundwasserneubildung ändern. Als Folge dessen können sich Änderungen bei den hohen, mittleren und tiefen Grundwasserständen, Grundwasserschwankungsbreiten und dem Grundwasserdargebot ergeben. Aber nicht nur die Ressource Grundwasser wird durch die Folgen des Klimawandels betroffen. Auch die gesamte Infrastruktur – von der Förderung bis zur Verteilungsleitung zum Kunden – kann beeinträchtigt werden. Neben den direkten Einflüssen sind auch indirekte Beeinflussungen durch Kaskadeneffekte – beispielsweise ausgehend vom Energiesektor – möglich. Darum gilt es integrative, ganzheitliche und systemische Lösungen zu erarbeiten, um die Funktionalität der kritischen Infrastruktur dauerhaft auch unter Berücksichtigung der Folgen des Klimawandels gewährleisten zu können.
    Description: Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht - Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH (HZG) (4216)
    Description: Climate change impacts on groundwater use—impacts and action needs
    Keywords: ddc:304.28 ; Klimawandel ; Wasserversorgung ; Kritische Infrastruktur ; Anpassung ; Climate change ; Impacts ; Water supply ; Critical infrastructure ; Adaptation
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 84
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Climate change vulnerability, water resources and social implications in North Africa (2020)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: North Africa is considered a climate change hot spot. Existing studies either focus on the physical aspects of climate change or discuss the social ones. The present article aims to address this divide by assessing and comparing the climate change vulnerability of Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia and linking it to its social implications. The vulnerability assessment focuses on climate change exposure, water resources, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. The results suggest that all countries are exposed to strong temperature increases and a high drought risk under climate change. Algeria is most vulnerable to climate change, mainly due to the country’s high sensitivity. Across North Africa, the combination of climate change and strong population growth is very likely to further aggravate the already scarce water situation. The so-called Arab Spring has shown that social unrest is partly caused by unmet basic needs of the population for food and water. Thus, climate change may become an indirect driver of social instability in North Africa. To mitigate the impact of climate change, it is important to reduce economic and livelihood dependence on rain-fed agriculture, strengthen sustainable land use practices, and increase the adaptive capacity. Further, increased regional cooperation and sub-national vulnerability assessments are needed.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: National Geographic Society http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100006363
    Keywords: ddc:304.28 ; Climate change ; Vulnerability ; Resilience ; Water ; Conflict ; North Africa
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 85
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Regional climate downscaling over Europe: perspectives from the EURO-CORDEX community (2020)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: The European CORDEX (EURO-CORDEX) initiative is a large voluntary effort that seeks to advance regional climate and Earth system science in Europe. As part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) - Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX), it shares the broader goals of providing a model evaluation and climate projection framework and improving communication with both the General Circulation Model (GCM) and climate data user communities. EURO-CORDEX oversees the design and coordination of ongoing ensembles of regional climate projections of unprecedented size and resolution (0.11° EUR-11 and 0.44° EUR-44 domains). Additionally, the inclusion of empirical-statistical downscaling allows investigation of much larger multi-model ensembles. These complementary approaches provide a foundation for scientific studies within the climate research community and others. The value of the EURO-CORDEX ensemble is shown via numerous peer-reviewed studies and its use in the development of climate services. Evaluations of the EUR-44 and EUR-11 ensembles also show the benefits of higher resolution. However, significant challenges remain. To further advance scientific understanding, two flagship pilot studies (FPS) were initiated. The first investigates local-regional phenomena at convection-permitting scales over central Europe and the Mediterranean in collaboration with the Med-CORDEX community. The second investigates the impacts of land cover changes on European climate across spatial and temporal scales. Over the coming years, the EURO-CORDEX community looks forward to closer collaboration with other communities, new advances, supporting international initiatives such as the IPCC reports, and continuing to provide the basis for research on regional climate impacts and adaptation in Europe.
    Keywords: ddc:551.6 ; EURO-CORDEX ; CORDEX ; Climate change ; Regional climate models ; Regional climate modelling
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 86
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Analysis of the Beaufort Gyre freshwater content in 2003-2018 (2020)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Proshutinsky, A., Krishfield, R., Toole, J. M., Timmermans, M-L., Williams, W. J., Zimmermann, S., Yamamoto-Kawai, M., Armitage, T. W. K., Dukhovskoy, D., Golubeva, E., Manucharyan, G. E., Platov, G., Watanabe, E., Kikuchi, T., Nishino, S., Itoh, M., Kang, S-H., Cho, K-H., Tateyama, K., & Zhao, J. Analysis of the Beaufort Gyre freshwater content in 2003-2018. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 124(12), (2019): 9658-9689, doi:10.1029/2019JC015281.
    Description: Hydrographic data collected from research cruises, bottom‐anchored moorings, drifting Ice‐Tethered Profilers, and satellite altimetry in the Beaufort Gyre region of the Arctic Ocean document an increase of more than 6,400 km3 of liquid freshwater content from 2003 to 2018: a 40% growth relative to the climatology of the 1970s. This fresh water accumulation is shown to result from persistent anticyclonic atmospheric wind forcing (1997–2018) accompanied by sea ice melt, a wind‐forced redirection of Mackenzie River discharge from predominantly eastward to westward flow, and a contribution of low salinity waters of Pacific Ocean origin via Bering Strait. Despite significant uncertainties in the different observations, this study has demonstrated the synergistic value of having multiple diverse datasets to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of Beaufort Gyre freshwater content variability. For example, Beaufort Gyre Observational System (BGOS) surveys clearly show the interannual increase in freshwater content, but without satellite or Ice‐Tethered Profiler measurements, it is not possible to resolve the seasonal cycle of freshwater content, which in fact is larger than the year‐to‐year variability, or the more subtle interannual variations.
    Description: National Science Foundation. Grant Numbers: PLR‐1302884,OPP‐1719280, and OPP‐1845877, PLR‐1303644 and OPP‐1756100, OPP‐1756100, PLR‐1303644, OPP‐1845877, OPP‐1719280, PLR‐1302884 Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China. Grant Number: 41330960 Global Change Research Program of China. Grant Number: 2015CB953900 Ministry of Education, Korea Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) /Earth Observation Research Center (EORC) Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT) Stanback Postdoctoral Fellowship Russian Foundation for Basic Research. Grant Number: 17‐05‐00382 Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences HYCOM NOPP. Grant Number: N00014‐15‐1‐2594 DOE. Grant Number: DE‐SC0014378 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Keywords: Beaufort Gyre ; Arctic Ocean ; Freshwater balance ; Circulation ; Modeling ; Climate change
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 87
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Heterotrophy of oceanic particulate organic matter elevates net ecosystem calcification (2020)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 46(16), (2019): 9851-9860, doi:10.1029/2019GL083726.
    Description: Coral reef calcification is expected to decline due to climate change stressors such as ocean acidification and warming. Projections of future coral reef health are based on our understanding of the environmental drivers that affect calcification and dissolution. One such driver that may impact coral reef health is heterotrophy of oceanic‐sourced particulate organic matter, but its link to calcification has not been directly investigated in the field. In this study, we estimated net ecosystem calcification and oceanic particulate organic carbon (POCoc) uptake across the Kāne'ohe Bay barrier reef in Hawai'i. We show that higher rates of POCoc uptake correspond to greater net ecosystem calcification rates, even under low aragonite saturation states (Ωar). Hence, reductions in offshore productivity may negatively impact coral reefs by decreasing the food supply required to sustain calcification. Alternatively, coral reefs that receive ample inputs of POCoc may maintain higher calcification rates, despite a global decline in Ωar.
    Description: Data needed for calculations are available in the supporting information. Additional data can be provided upon request directly from the corresponding author or accessed by links provided in the supporting information. The authors declare no competing financial interests. We thank Texas Sea Grant for providing partial funding for this project to A. Kealoha through the Grants‐In‐Aid of Graduate Research Program. We also thank the NOAA Nancy Foster Scholarship for PhD program funding to A. Kealoha and Texas A&M University for funds awarded to Shamberger that supported this work. This research was also supported by funding from National Science Foundation Grant OCE‐1538628 to Rappé. The Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (particularly the Rappé Lab and Jason Jones), NOAA's Coral Reef Ecosystem Program, Connie Previti, Serena Smith, and Chris Maupin were instrumental in sample collection and data analysis.
    Description: 2020-02-22
    Keywords: Coral reefs ; Ocean acidification ; Climate change ; Heterotrophy
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 88
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Sea-level rise will drive divergent sediment transport patterns on fore reefs and reef flats, potentially causing erosion on Atoll Islands (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-21
    Description: These data files and MATLAB scripts reproduce the model data and figures as published in Bramante et al. (in prep) Modeling the impacts of a changing climate on cross-shore sediment transport: Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands.
    Description: Atoll reef islands primarily consist of unconsolidated sediment, and their ocean-facing shorelines are maintained by sediment produced and transported across their reefs. Changes in incident waves can alter cross-shore sediment exchange and thus affect the sediment budget and morphology of atoll reef islands. Here we investigate the influence of sea-level rise and projected wave climate change on wave characteristics and cross-shore sediment transport across an atoll reef at Kwajalein Island, Republic of the Marshall Islands. Using a phase-resolving model, we quantify the influence on sediment transport of quantities not well-captured by wave-averaged models, namely wave asymmetry and skewness and flow acceleration. Model results suggest that for current reef geometry, sea level, and wave climate, potential bedload transport is directed onshore, decreases from the fore reef to the beach, and is sensitive to the influence of flow acceleration. We find that a projected 12% decrease in annual wave energy by 2100 CE has negligible influence on reef flat hydrodynamics. However, 0.5-2.0 m of sea-level rise increases wave heights, skewness, and shear stress on the reef flat, and decreases wave skewness and shear stress on the fore reef. These hydrodynamic changes decrease potential sediment inputs onshore from the fore reef where coral production is greatest, but increase potential cross-reef sediment transport from the outer reef flat to the beach. Assuming sediment production on the fore reef remains constant or decreases due to increasing ocean temperatures and acidification, these processes have the potential to decrease net sediment delivery to atoll islands, causing erosion.
    Description: This project was supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program through awards SERDP RC-2334 and RC-2336.
    Keywords: Climate change ; Sediment transport ; Wave model ; Fringing reef
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 89
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Growth rates for Emiliania huxleyi thermal response curve across 12 temperatures from 8.5-28.6C (2020)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Ehux growth rates for thermal response curve
    Description: This dataset presents growth rates for Emiliania huxleyi thermal response curve across 12 temperatures from 8.5-28.6C.Global warming will be combined with predicted increases in thermal variability in the future surface ocean, but how temperature dynamics will affect phytoplankton biology and biogeochemistry is largely unknown. Here, we examine the responses of the globally important marine coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi to thermal variations at two frequencies (1 d and 2 d) at low (18.5 °C) and high (25.5 °C) mean temperatures. Elevated temperature and thermal variation decreased growth, calcification and physiological rates, both individually and interactively. The 1 d thermal variation frequencies were less inhibitory than 2 d variations under high temperatures, indicating that high-frequency thermal fluctuations may reduce heat-induced mortality and mitigate some impacts of extreme high-temperature events. Cellular elemental composition and calcification was significantly affected by both thermal variation treatments relative to each other and to the constant temperature controls. The negative effects of thermal variation on E. huxleyi growth rate and physiology are especially pronounced at high temperatures. These responses of the key marine calcifier E. huxleyi to warmer, more variable temperature regimes have potentially large implications for ocean productivity and marine biogeochemical cycles under a future changing climate. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/782911
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1538525
    Keywords: Thermal Performance Curves ; Growth Rates ; Emiliania huxleyi ; Climate change ; Calcification ; Elemental quotas
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 90
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Elemental stoichiometry for Emiliania huxleyi across a range of 12 temperatures from 8.5-28.6C (2020)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Ehux elemental composition across thermal range
    Description: This dataset includes elemental stoichiometry for Emiliania huxleyi across a range of 12 temperatures from 8.5-28.6C. Global warming will be combined with predicted increases in thermal variability in the future surface ocean, but how temperature dynamics will affect phytoplankton biology and biogeochemistry is largely unknown. Here, we examine the responses of the globally important marine coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi to thermal variations at two frequencies (1 d and 2 d) at low (18.5 °C) and high (25.5 °C) mean temperatures. Elevated temperature and thermal variation decreased growth, calcification and physiological rates, both individually and interactively. The 1 d thermal variation frequencies were less inhibitory than 2 d variations under high temperatures, indicating that high-frequency thermal fluctuations may reduce heat-induced mortality and mitigate some impacts of extreme high-temperature events. Cellular elemental composition and calcification was significantly affected by both thermal variation treatments relative to each other and to the constant temperature controls. The negative effects of thermal variation on E. huxleyi growth rate and physiology are especially pronounced at high temperatures. These responses of the key marine calcifier E. huxleyi to warmer, more variable temperature regimes have potentially large implications for ocean productivity and marine biogeochemical cycles under a future changing climate. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/782921
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1538525
    Keywords: Thermal Performance Curves ; Growth Rates ; Emiliania huxleyi ; Climate change ; Calcification ; Elemental quotas
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 91
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Growth rates under low and high temperatures for Emiliania huxleyi in constant and fluctuating thermal environments (2020)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Ehux growth rates under thermal variation
    Description: This dataset includes the growth rates under low and high temperatures for E. huxleyi in constant and fluctuating thermal environments. Global warming will be combined with predicted increases in thermal variability in the future surface ocean, but how temperature dynamics will affect phytoplankton biology and biogeochemistry is largely unknown. Here, we examine the responses of the globally important marine coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi to thermal variations at two frequencies (1 d and 2 d) at low (18.5 °C) and high (25.5 °C) mean temperatures. Elevated temperature and thermal variation decreased growth, calcification and physiological rates, both individually and interactively. The 1 d thermal variation frequencies were less inhibitory than 2 d variations under high temperatures, indicating that high-frequency thermal fluctuations may reduce heat-induced mortality and mitigate some impacts of extreme high-temperature events. Cellular elemental composition and calcification was significantly affected by both thermal variation treatments relative to each other and to the constant temperature controls. The negative effects of thermal variation on E. huxleyi growth rate and physiology are especially pronounced at high temperatures. These responses of the key marine calcifier E. huxleyi to warmer, more variable temperature regimes have potentially large implications for ocean productivity and marine biogeochemical cycles under a future changing climate. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/782888
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1538525
    Keywords: Thermal Performance Curves ; Growth Rates ; Emiliania huxleyi ; Climate change ; Calcification ; Elemental quotas
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 92
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Continuous culture studies of possible climate change effects: Thalassiosira pseudonana CCMP1335 growth in nitrate-limited and nutrient-replete cultures (2020)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Thalassiosira pseudonana CCMP1335 in nitrate-limited and nutrient-replete cultures
    Description: The marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana clone CCMP 1335 was grown in a continuous culture system on a 14:10 light-dark cycle under either nitrate-limited or nutrient-replete conditions, a photoperiod irradiance of either 50 or 300 micro-mol photons per square meter per second, partial pressures of either 400 or 1000 ppm CO2, and temperatures ranging from 5 to 32 degrees Celsius. Growth rates, photosynthetic rates, respiration rates, C:N ratios, C:Chlorophyll-a ratios, productivity indices, Fv/Fm ratios, and the initial slope and light-saturated asymptote of short-term photosynthesis-irradiance curves are reported. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/779368
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1536581
    Keywords: Climate change ; Phytoplankton ; Light ; Temperature ; CO2 partial pressure ; Acclimation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 93
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Simulated estuary-wide response of seagrass (Zostera marina) to future scenarios of temperature and sea level (2020)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scalpone, C. R., Jarvis, J. C., Vasslides, J. M., Testa, J. M., & Ganju, N. K. Simulated estuary-wide response of seagrass (Zostera marina) to future scenarios of temperature and sea level. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, (2020): 539946, doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.539946.
    Description: Seagrass communities are a vital component of estuarine ecosystems, but are threatened by projected sea level rise (SLR) and temperature increases with climate change. To understand these potential effects, we developed a spatially explicit model that represents seagrass (Zostera marina) habitat and estuary-wide productivity for Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor (BB-LEH) in New Jersey, United States. Our modeling approach included an offline coupling of a numerical seagrass biomass model with the spatially variable environmental conditions from a hydrodynamic model to calculate above and belowground biomass at each grid cell of the hydrodynamic model domain. Once calibrated to represent present day seagrass habitat and estuary-wide annual productivity, we applied combinations of increasing air temperature and sea level following regionally specific climate change projections, enabling analysis of the individual and combined impacts of these variables on seagrass biomass and spatial coverage. Under the SLR scenarios, the current model domain boundaries were maintained, as the land surrounding BB-LEH is unlikely to shift significantly in the future. SLR caused habitat extent to decrease dramatically, pushing seagrass beds toward the coastline with increasing depth, with a 100% loss of habitat by the maximum SLR scenario. The dramatic loss of seagrass habitat under SLR was in part due to the assumption that surrounding land would not be inundated, as the model did not allow for habitat expansion outside the current boundaries of the bay. Temperature increases slightly elevated the rate of summer die-off and decreased habitat area only under the highest temperature increase scenarios. In combined scenarios, the effects of SLR far outweighed the effects of temperature increase. Sensitivity analysis of the model revealed the greatest sensitivity to changes in parameters affecting light limitation and seagrass mortality, but no sensitivity to changes in nutrient limitation constants. The high vulnerability of seagrass in the bay to SLR exceeded that demonstrated for other systems, highlighting the importance of site- and region-specific assessments of estuaries under climate change.
    Description: This research was supported by the National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates Program (OCE-1659463), the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Summer Student Fellowship Program, the Barnegat Bay Partnership (through a US EPA Clean Water Act grant to Ocean County College; CE98212313), and the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards/Resources Program. Although this project has been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to a grant agreement with Ocean County College, it has not gone through the Agency’s publications review process and may not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency; therefore, no official endorsement should be assumed. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
    Keywords: Seagrass (Zostera) ; Climate change ; Spatial model ; Sea level rise ; Temperature ; North American Atlantic Coast ; Regional ; Eelgrass (Zostera marina)
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 94
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Continuous culture studies of possible climate change effects: Synechococcus elongatus CCMP1629 growth in nitrate-limited and nutrient-replete cultures (2020)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Synechococcus elongatus CCMP1629 in nitrate-limited and nutrient-replete cultures
    Description: The marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus clone CCMP1629 was grown in a continuous culture system on a 14:10 light-dark cycle under either nitrate-limited or nutrient-replete conditions, a photoperiod irradiance of either 50 or 300 micro-mol photons per square meter per second, partial pressures of either 400 or 1000 ppm CO2, and temperatures ranging from 20 to 45 degrees Celsius. Growth rates, photosynthetic rates, respiration rates, C:N ratios, C:Chlorophyll-a ratios, productivity indices, Fv/Fm ratios, and the initial slope and light-saturated asymptote of short-term photosynthesis-irradiance curves are reported. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/811093
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1536581
    Keywords: Climate change ; Phytoplankton ; Light ; Temperature ; CO2 partial pressure ; Acclimation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 95
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Gill Net Catch Data in Bays along Texas Coast from 1986 to 2018 (2020)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Gill Net Catch Data
    Description: Vertebrate caught with gill net in Sabine Lake, Galveston Bay, Matagorda Bay, San Antonio Bay, Aransas Bay, Corpus Christi Bay, Upper Laguna Madre, and Lower Laguna Madre from 1986 to 2018 (except in Sabine Lake sampling begun in 1986). For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/828794
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1656923
    Keywords: Marine biodiversity ; Climate change ; Coastal ecosystems ; Fish diversity
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 96
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Intracellular elemental quotas under low and high temperatures for E. huxleyi in constant and fluctuating thermal environments (2020)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: Dataset: Ehux physiology under thermal variation
    Description: Intracellular elemental quotas under low and high temperatures for E. huxleyi in constant and fluctuating thermal environments. This dataset includes the growth rates under low and high temperatures for E. huxleyi in constant and fluctuating thermal environments. Global warming will be combined with predicted increases in thermal variability in the future surface ocean, but how temperature dynamics will affect phytoplankton biology and biogeochemistry is largely unknown. Here, we examine the responses of the globally important marine coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi to thermal variations at two frequencies (1 d and 2 d) at low (18.5 °C) and high (25.5 °C) mean temperatures. Elevated temperature and thermal variation decreased growth, calcification and physiological rates, both individually and interactively. The 1 d thermal variation frequencies were less inhibitory than 2 d variations under high temperatures, indicating that high-frequency thermal fluctuations may reduce heat-induced mortality and mitigate some impacts of extreme high-temperature events. Cellular elemental composition and calcification was significantly affected by both thermal variation treatments relative to each other and to the constant temperature controls. The negative effects of thermal variation on E. huxleyi growth rate and physiology are especially pronounced at high temperatures. These responses of the key marine calcifier E. huxleyi to warmer, more variable temperature regimes have potentially large implications for ocean productivity and marine biogeochemical cycles under a future changing climate. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/782901
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1538525
    Keywords: Thermal Performance Curves ; Growth Rates ; Emiliania huxleyi ; Climate change ; Calcification ; Elemental quotas
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 97
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Soothsaying DOM: A current perspective on the future of oceanic dissolved organic carbon (2020)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Wagner, S., Schubotz, F., Kaiser, K., Hallmann, C., Waska, H., Rossel, P. E., Hansmann, R., Elvert, M., Middelburg, J. J., Engel, A., Blattmann, T. M., Catala, T. S., Lennartz, S. T., Gomez-Saez, G., V., Pantoja-Gutierrez, S., Bao, R., & Galy, V. Soothsaying DOM: A current perspective on the future of oceanic dissolved organic carbon. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, (2020): 341, doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00341.
    Description: The vast majority of freshly produced oceanic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is derived from marine phytoplankton, then rapidly recycled by heterotrophic microbes. A small fraction of this DOC survives long enough to be routed to the interior ocean, which houses the largest and oldest DOC reservoir. DOC reactivity depends upon its intrinsic chemical composition and extrinsic environmental conditions. Therefore, recalcitrance is an emergent property of DOC that is analytically difficult to constrain. New isotopic techniques that track the flow of carbon through individual organic molecules show promise in unveiling specific biosynthetic or degradation pathways that control the metabolic turnover of DOC and its accumulation in the deep ocean. However, a multivariate approach is required to constrain current carbon fluxes so that we may better predict how the cycling of oceanic DOC will be altered with continued climate change. Ocean warming, acidification, and oxygen depletion may upset the balance between the primary production and heterotrophic reworking of DOC, thus modifying the amount and/or composition of recalcitrant DOC. Climate change and anthropogenic activities may enhance mobilization of terrestrial DOC and/or stimulate DOC production in coastal waters, but it is unclear how this would affect the flux of DOC to the open ocean. Here, we assess current knowledge on the oceanic DOC cycle and identify research gaps that must be addressed to successfully implement its use in global scale carbon models.
    Description: This work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) project number 422798570. The Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg and the Geochemical Society provided funding for the conference. Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation OCE #1756812 to SW. TB acknowledges funding from ETH Zürich and JAMSTEC. JM was supported by the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre. SP-G was funded by COPAS Sur-Austral (CONICYT PIA APOYO CCTE AFB170006). GG-S acknowledges funding from DFG, DI 842/6-1.
    Keywords: Dissolved organic carbon ; Global carbon cycle ; Recalcitrance ; Isotopic probing ; Climate change
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 98
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Editorial: advances in understanding marine heatwaves and their impacts (2020)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Benthuysen, J. A., Oliver, E. C. J., Chen, K., & Wernberg, T. Editorial: advances in understanding marine heatwaves and their impacts. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, (2020): 147, doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00147.
    Description: Editorial on the Research Topic Advances in Understanding Marine Heatwaves and Their Impacts In recent years, prolonged, extremely warm water events, known as marine heatwaves, have featured prominently around the globe with their disruptive consequences for marine ecosystems. Over the past decade, marine heatwaves have occurred from the open ocean to marginal seas and coastal regions, including the unprecedented 2011 Western Australia marine heatwave (Ningaloo Niño) in the eastern Indian Ocean (e.g., Pearce et al., 2011), the 2012 northwest Atlantic marine heatwave (Chen et al., 2014), the 2012 and 2015 Mediterranean Sea marine heatwaves (Darmaraki et al., 2019), the 2013/14 western South Atlantic (Rodrigues et al., 2019) and 2017 southwestern Atlantic marine heatwave (Manta et al., 2018), the persistent 2014–2016 “Blob” in the North Pacific (Bond et al., 2015; Di Lorenzo and Mantua, 2016), the 2015/16 marine heatwave spanning the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean to the Coral Sea (Benthuysen et al., 2018), and the Tasman Sea marine heatwaves in 2015/16 (Oliver et al., 2017) and 2017/18 (Salinger et al., 2019). These events have set new records for marine heatwave intensity, the temperature anomaly exceeding a climatology, and duration, the sustained period of extreme temperatures. We have witnessed the profound consequences of these thermal disturbances from acute changes to marine life to enduring impacts on species, populations, and communities (Smale et al., 2019). These marine heatwaves have spurred a diversity of research spanning the methodology of identifying and quantifying the events (e.g., Hobday et al., 2016) and their historical trends (Oliver et al., 2018), understanding their physical mechanisms and relationships with climate modes (e.g., Holbrook et al., 2019), climate projections (Frölicher et al., 2018), and understanding the biological impacts for organisms and ecosystem function and services (e.g., Smale et al., 2019). By using sea surface temperature percentiles, temperature anomalies can be quantified based on their local variability and account for the broad range of temperature regimes in different marine environments. For temperatures exceeding a 90th-percentile threshold beyond a period of 5-days, marine heatwaves can be classified into categories based on their intensity (Hobday et al., 2018). While these recent advances have provided the framework for understanding key aspects of marine heatwaves, a challenge lies ahead for effective integration of physical and biological knowledge for prediction of marine heatwaves and their ecological impacts. This Research Topic is motivated by the need to understand the mechanisms for how marine heatwaves develop and the biological responses to thermal stress events. This Research Topic is a collection of 18 research articles and three review articles aimed at advancing our knowledge of marine heatwaves within four themes. These themes include methods for detecting marine heatwaves, understanding their physical mechanisms, seasonal forecasting and climate projections, and ecological impacts.
    Description: We thank the contributing authors, reviewers, and the editorial staff at Frontiers in Marine Science for their support in producing this issue. We thank the Marine Heatwaves Working Group (http://www.marineheatwaves.org/) for inspiration and discussions. This special issue stemmed from the session on Advances in Understanding Marine Heat Waves and Their Impacts at the 2018 Ocean Sciences meeting (Portland, USA).
    Keywords: Marine heatwaves ; Extreme events ; Ocean and atmosphere interactions ; Marine ecosystems ; Marine resources ; Climate change ; Climate variability ; Climate prediction
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 99
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The emperor penguin - vulnerable to projected rates of warming and sea ice loss (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Trathan, P. N., Wienecke, B., Barbraud, C., Jenouvrier, S., Kooyman, G., Le Bohec, C., Ainley, D. G., Ancel, A., Zitterbart, D. P., Chown, S. L., LaRue, M., Cristofari, R., Younger, J., Clucas, G., Bost, C., Brown, J. A., Gillett, H. J., & Fretwell, P. T. The emperor penguin - vulnerable to projected rates of warming and sea ice loss. Biological Conservation, 241, (2020): 108216, doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108216.
    Description: We argue the need to improve climate change forecasting for ecology, and importantly, how to relate long-term projections to conservation. As an example, we discuss the need for effective management of one species, the emperor penguin, Aptenodytes forsteri. This species is unique amongst birds in that its breeding habit is critically dependent upon seasonal fast ice. Here, we review its vulnerability to ongoing and projected climate change, given that sea ice is susceptible to changes in winds and temperatures. We consider published projections of future emperor penguin population status in response to changing environments. Furthermore, we evaluate the current IUCN Red List status for the species, and recommend that its status be changed to Vulnerable, based on different modelling projections of population decrease of ≥50% over the current century, and the specific traits of the species. We conclude that current conservation measures are inadequate to protect the species under future projected scenarios. Only a reduction in anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions will reduce threats to the emperor penguin from altered wind regimes, rising temperatures and melting sea ice; until such time, other conservation actions are necessary, including increased spatial protection at breeding sites and foraging locations. The designation of large-scale marine spatial protection across its range would benefit the species, particularly in areas that have a high probability of becoming future climate change refugia. We also recommend that the emperor penguin is listed by the Antarctic Treaty as an Antarctic Specially Protected Species, with development of a species Action Plan.
    Description: We thank Thomas J. Bracegirdle, Tony Phillips and Kevin Hughes for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. PNT acknowledges the support of WWF-UK under GB095701 and SJ the support of NSF OPP1744794 and 1643901.
    Keywords: Antarctic ; Climate change ; Aptenodytes forsteri ; IUCN Red List threat status ; Protection ; Conservation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 100
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Intergyre salt transport in the climate warming response (2020)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Physical Oceanography 50(1), (2020): 255-268, doi:10.1175/JPO-D-19-0166.1.
    Description: Regional connectivity is important to the global climate salinity response, particularly because salinity anomalies do not have a damping feedback with atmospheric freshwater fluxes and may therefore be advected over long distances by ocean circulation, resulting in nonlocal influences. Climate model intercomparison experiments such as CMIP5 exhibit large uncertainty in some aspects of the salinity response, hypothesized here to be a result of ocean dynamics. We use two types of Lagrangian particle tracking experiments to investigate pathways of exchange for salinity anomalies. The first uses forward trajectories to estimate average transport time scales between water cycle regimes. The second uses reverse trajectories and a freshwater accumulation method to quantitatively identify remote influences in the salinity response. Additionally, we compare velocity fields with both resolved and parameterized eddies to understand the impact of eddy stirring on intergyre exchange. These experiments show that surface anomalies are readily exchanged within the ocean gyres by the mean circulation, but intergyre exchange is slower and largely eddy driven. These dynamics are used to analyze the North Atlantic salinity response to climate warming and water cycle intensification, where the system is broadly forced with fresh surface anomalies in the subpolar gyre and salty surface anomalies in the subtropical gyres. Under these competing forcings, strong intergyre eddy fluxes carry anomalously salty subtropical water into the subpolar gyre which balances out much of the local freshwater input.
    Description: We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme’s Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table 1 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. We also thank the creators of the SODA and ECCO reanalysis products. This work was supported by NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program Award 80NSSC17K0372, and by National Science Foundation Award OCE-1433132. The SODA outputs used here can be accessed at http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~ocean/, and the ECCO outputs at https://ecco.jpl.nasa.gov/. Data from the CMIP5 ensemble is available at https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/projects/esgf-llnl/. The particle tracking code used for these experiments can be found at https://github.com/slevang/particle-tracking.
    Description: 2020-07-20
    Keywords: North Atlantic Ocean ; Eddies ; Hydrologic cycle ; Lagrangian circulation/transport ; Transport ; Climate change
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...