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  • Chemistry  (407,117)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (25,033)
  • Genetics  (2,364)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (409,306)
  • Springer  (171)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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  • 1
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    Connectivity and resilience of coral reef metapopulations in marine protected areas : matching empirical efforts to predictive needs (2009)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © 2009 The Authors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License. The definitive version was published in Coral Reefs 28 (2009): 327-337, doi:10.1007/s00338-009-0466-z.
    Description: Design and decision-making for marine protected areas (MPAs) on coral reefs require prediction of MPA effects with population models. Modeling of MPAs has shown how the persistence of metapopulations in systems of MPAs depends on the size and spacing of MPAs, and levels of fishing outside the MPAs. However, the pattern of demographic connectivity produced by larval dispersal is a key uncertainty in those modeling studies. The information required to assess population persistence is a dispersal matrix containing the fraction of larvae traveling to each location from each location, not just the current number of larvae exchanged among locations. Recent metapopulation modeling research with hypothetical dispersal matrices has shown how the spatial scale of dispersal, degree of advection versus diffusion, total larval output, and temporal and spatial variability in dispersal influence population persistence. Recent empirical studies using population genetics, parentage analysis, and geochemical and artificial marks in calcified structures have improved the understanding of dispersal. However, many such studies report current self-recruitment (locally produced settlement/settlement from elsewhere), which is not as directly useful as local retention (locally produced settlement/total locally released), which is a component of the dispersal matrix. Modeling of biophysical circulation with larval particle tracking can provide the required elements of dispersal matrices and assess their sensitivity to flows and larval behavior, but it requires more assumptions than direct empirical methods. To make rapid progress in understanding the scales and patterns of connectivity, greater communication between empiricists and population modelers will be needed. Empiricists need to focus more on identifying the characteristics of the dispersal matrix, while population modelers need to track and assimilate evolving empirical results.
    Description: Work by CB Paris was supported by the National Science Foundation grant NSF-OCE 0550732. Work by M-A Coffroth and SR Thorrold was supported by the National Science Foundation grant NSF-OCE 0424688. Work by TL Shearer was supported by an International Cooperative Biodiversity Group grant R21 TW006662-01 from the Fogarty International Center at the National Institutes of Health.
    Keywords: Connectivity ; Larval dispersal ; Marine protected areas ; Resilience ; Replacement ; Genetics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation between strains of the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum in relative performance on five flours (1991)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 60 (1991), S. 173-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Genetics ; evolution ; host adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract When populations are exposed to different environments, evolutionary processes can lead either to genetically differentiated strains or to the appearance of increased generalism at the individual level. For evolution to occur, genetic variability in performance in different environments is required. Here, intraspecific genetic variation across environments was estimated in the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) by comparing the responses of two strains of T. castaneum to different flour types. Replicated groups from each strain were allowed to develop on either the standard whole wheat medium or on one of four novel flours (wheat, rice, corn and oat). In several of the novel flours, clear differences in mean development time or population size of one or both strains were seen relative to performance in the standard medium. Moreover, the strains differed significantly in their phenotypic responses to the flours. One strain did particularly poorly on oat flour. Reduced oviposition, reduced larval survivorship and increased larval cannibalism were examined as possible causes of the low productivity on oat flour. These three factors accounted for about 70% of the reduction in population size when this strain oviposited and developed in oat flour. The difference between these two outbred strains in response to these five flours suggests that genetic variation in resource use is present within T. castaneum and may also be present within strains and natural populations in grain storage facilities. Such variation would permit an evolutionary response to selection in multiple environments (flours). This process has agricultural implications when several types of grain are stored in a single location because it could eventually lead to the evolution of highly generalized populations of T. castaneum, an important pest of stored products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00177038
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A genetic basis of oviposition preference in the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (1983)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Oviposition preference ; Genetics ; Oncopeltus fasciatus ; Hemiptera ; Lygaeidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Oncopeltus fasciatus von 6 verschiedenen Herkünften und deren F1 und F2 Hybriden wurde die bevorzugte Eiablagestelle untersucht. In drei Versuchsreihen erwiesen sich dabei alle an einer Lokalität gesammelten Proben als statistisch homogen. Ferner bilderen alle in Nordamerika gesammelten Proben eine statistisch homogene Gruppe, die sich von der puertoricanischen Herkunft unterschied. F1 and F2 Hybriden nicht puertoricanischer Herkunft unterschieden sich nicht wesentlich voneinander. Hybriden zwischen puertoricanischen und nordame-rikanischen Herkünften zeigten in F1 eine dominante Neigung in Richtung der puertoricanischen Eiablagepräferenz; diese Neigung verlor sich in F2. Aufgrund dieses Verlusts wurde geschlossen, dass die Eiablagepräferenz polygenisch bestimmt ist.
    Notes: Abstract Oviposition site preferences were examined in descendents of milkweed bugs collected in six geographic areas and in their F1 and F2 hybrids. Within an area, samples were stastically homogeneous in oviposition preference across three trials. All samples from within the continental USA formed a statistically homogeneous group and, as a group, were different in oviposition preference from the Puerto Rican collection. F1 and F2 hybrids with no Puerto Rican ancestry were not significantly different from each other in oviposition preference. Hybrids with Puerto Rican ancestry exhibited a “dominance” deviation in favor of the Puerto rican oviposition site preference in the F1 generation, but lost that deviation in the F2 generation. This loss was interpreted as evidence that oviposition preference in Oncopeltus fasciatus was polygenically controlled. Probable selection pressures affecting oviposition preferences in O. fasciatus and the advantages of polygenic control of this trait were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186915
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variability associated with hovering time inTabanus nigrovittatus Macquart (Diptera: Tabanidae) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 579-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Genetics ; polymorphism ; reproductive isolation ; hovering behavior ; Tabanus nigrovittatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The salt marsh horse fly, Tabanus nigrovittatusMacquart, exhibits two nonoverlapping daily periods of hovering and mating activity, which are correlated with different environmental temperatures. Allelic and genotypic frequencies of hovering males collected during the two periods were compared by electrophoresis of three polymorphic enzyme loci. Approximately 26% of early-hovering males possessed a Pgmallozyme that was absent in our sample of late-hovering males. However, based on other allozyme loci, we found no evidence for reproductive isolation between early and late hoverers. All the genetic data are consistent with the hypothesis that the Pgmpolymorphism is associated with behaviorally and physiologically distinct groups of males that, by all other criteria, form a single Mendelian population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052329
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis of iron transport in plant growth-promotingPseudomonas putida WCS358 (1991)
    Springer
    BioMetals 4 (1991), S. 36-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: Iron transport ; Siderophores ; Pseudomonas putida ; Genetics ; Receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Root-colonizingPseudomonas putida WCS358 enhances growth of potato in part by producing under iron-limiting conditions a yellow-green, fluorescent siderophore designated pseudobactin 358. This siderophore efficiently complexes iron(III) in the rhizosphere, making it less available to certain endemic microorganisms, including phytopathogens, thus inhibiting their growth. At least 15 genes distributed over five gene clusters are required for the biosynthesis of pseudobactin 358. High-affinity iron(III) transport in strain WCS358 is initiated by an 86-kDa outer membrane receptor protein (PupA) which appears to be specific for ferric pseudobactin 358. PupA shares strong similarity with TonB-dependent receptor proteins ofEscherichia coli, which suggests a TonB-like protein in strain WCS358 is required for iron(III) transport. Strain WCS358 possesses a second uptake system for ferric pseudobactin 358 and structurally diverse ferric siderophores produced by other microorganisms. A second receptor gene (pupB) responsible for iron transport from pseudobactin BN7 or pseudobactin BN8 has been identified. The production of this and certain other ferric siderophore receptor proteins requires that strain WCS358 be grown in the presence of these siderophores. An apparent regulatory gene required for the expression ofpupB is located adjacent topupB. Two positive regulatory genes have been identified which can independently activate, under low-iron(III) conditions, transcription of genes coding for the biosynthesis of pseudobactin 358.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01135555
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The locus ceruleus: a possible neural focus for genetic differences in emotionality (1988)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 491-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Genetics ; stress ; emotionality ; locus ceruleus ; Maudsley strains
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The Maudsley Reactive and Non-Reactive strains have been developed as a model for the study of individual variations in stress-reactivity, and many differences in biobehavioral systems have been found between them. This review discusses limitations of the ‘emotionality’ construct in accounting for differences between the Maudsley strains and offers an alternative, theoretical approach. Amaral and Sinnamon have proposed that the locus ceruleus (LC) plays a stress-attenuating role in mediating behavioral, physiological and neuroendocrine response to prepotent, emergency-provoking stimuli and, building upon this formulation, it is proposed that the LC has been an important focus for gene action in the Maudsley model. It is suggested that the LC of the Non-Reactive strain is more strongly activated by stressful stimuli than the LC of Reactive rats, and is the basis of many of the behavioral and physiological differences between them. Behavioral and biochemical evidence consistent with this proposition is reviewed. Identification of the LC as a target for gene-action in the Maudsley model has an important advantage. It substitutes variations at a specific anatomic location in the brain for a loosely defined construct like emotionality, and the hypothesis is amenable to empirical tests by a variety of experimental approaches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01958923
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic ecology: A new interdisciplinary science, fundamental for evolution, biodiversity and biosafety evaluations (1994)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 50 (1994), S. 429-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Genetics ; ecology ; DNA-transfer ; conjugation ; transformation ; transduction ; transposons ; dormant cells ; epilithon ; microbial colonisation ; symbiosis ; virus resistance ; biosafety ; release of genes ; insults to humanity ; evolution ; biodiversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Genetic ecology is the extension of our modern knowledge in molecular genetics to studies of viability, gene expression and gene movements in natural environments like soils, aquifers and digestive tracts. In such milieux, the horizontal transfer of plasmid-borne genes between phylogenetically distant species has already been found to be much more frequent than had been expected from laboratory experience. For the study of exchanges involving chromosomally-located genes, more has to be learned about the behaviour of transposons in such environments. The results expected from studies in genetic ecology are relevant for considerations of evolution, biodiversity and biosafety. The role of this new field of research in restoring popular confidence in science and in its biotechnological applications is stressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01920741
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Precipitation of calcium phosphates from electrolyte solutions (1972)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 10 (1972), S. 82-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcium ; Phosphate ; Precipitation ; Kinetics ; Chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La cinétique de la formation et de la transformation des précipités de phosphate de calcium, obtenus en mélangeant de volumes égaux de solutions à 6×10−3 M de calcium total et/ou phosphate total est étudiée à 25°C. Les solutions de phosphate sont préajustées à un pH de 7.4. Les changements de pH et de turbidité des solutions sont suivis simultanément en fonction du temps. Les précipités sont isolés à des intervalles de temps variables et caractérisés par diverses méthodes physico-chimiques. Initialement un précipité avec un rapport molaire Ca/P de 1.5, amorphe aux rayons X et en diffraction électronique, est formé. Le spectre IR indique la présence de PO 4 3− et de HPO 4 2− . Après une période métastable, on observe la précipitation d'un matériel cristallin dans ou sur la phase amorphe. Vingt quatre heures après préparation de l'échantillon les précipités présentent surtout les caractères du phosphate octocalcique.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Kinetik der Bildung und Transformation von Calciumphosphat-Niederschlägen wurde bei 25°C untersucht. Es wurden dazu gleiche Volumen von Lösungen gemischt, bei einer Konzentration von 6×10−3M totales Calcium und/oder totales Phosphat. Die Phosphatlösungen wurden zuerst auf pH 7,4 eingestellt. Veränderungen des pH und Trübung der Lösungen wurden gleichzeitig als eine Funktion der Zeit aufgezeichnet. Niederschläge wurden in verschiedenen Zeitintervallen isoliert und mit verschiedenen physiko-chemischen Methoden charakterisiert. Am Anfang wurde ein Niederschlag mit einem molaren Ca/P-Verhältnis von 1,5, im Röntgenbild und in der Elektronendiffraktion amorph, gebildet. Infrarotspektren deuteten die Anwesenheit von PO 4 3− - und HPO 4 2− -Ionen an. Nach einer metastabilen Periode erfolgte ein Niederschlag aus kristallinem Material innerhalb oder auf der amorphen Substanz. 24 Std nach der Herstellung der Proben zeigten die Niederschläge in der Hauptsache die Charakteristiken von Octocalciumphosphat.
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of the formation and transformation of calcium phosphate precipitates obtained by mixing equal volumes of solutions, 6×10−3 M in total calcium and/or total phosphate was investigated at 25°. The phosphate solutions were preadjusted to pH 7.4. Changes of the pH and turbidity of the solutions were followed simultaneously as a function of time. Precipitates were isolated at various time intervals and characterized by different physicochemical methods. Initially a precipitate with a molar Ca/P ratio of 1.5, amorphous to X-ray and electron diffraction was formed. IR spectra indicated the presence of PO 4 3− and HPO 4 2− ions. After a period of metastability, precipitation of a crystalline material within or upon the amorphous matter occurred. Twenty four hours after sample preparation the precipitates showed mainly the characteristics of octacalcium phosphate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02012538
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) on bone and serum chemistry in rabbits (1974)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 145-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: EHDP ; Bone ; Chemistry ; Serum ; Rabbits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) on bone and serum chemistry were investigated in adult rabbits. EHDP was administered by subcutaneous injection at doses of 0.25, 2.5 and 10 mg/kg body weight/day for of 28 days. Blood samples were obtained weekly from each rabbit and serum levels of total calcium, ionized calcium, inorganic phosphate and alkaline phosphatase were determined. At the end of the treatment period all rabbits were sacrificed and the tibiae removed for chemical analysis and histological evaluation. The effect of EHDP administration on serum chemistry was both dose- and time-related. The highest of the three doses, 10 mg/kg/day, resulted in a time-related decrease in total serum calcium. This dose also caused a rapid but transient reduction in serum ionized calcium. The effect of EHDP on serum inorganic phosphate was biphasic. Administration of 2.5 mg/kg/day resulted in a time-related elevation in this parameter, whereas the 10 mg/kg/day dose resulted in a time-related hypophosphatemic response. There were no significant drug-related changes in tibial fat-free dry weight, ash weight, total calcium or total phosphorus values. However, administration of 2.5 and 10 mg/kg/day EHDP resulted in increased osteoid tissue as measured histologically. These results are compared with data from other EHDP studies, and discussed in relation to the maturity and growth-state of the experimental animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02008220
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A sulphated glycopeptide in human supragingival calculus extracts (1977)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 23 (1977), S. 13-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Dental calculus ; Glycopeptide ; Chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A method is described for the isolation and purification of a sulphated glycopeptide from human supragingival calculus. The compound was isolated after using EDTA treatment, 2 M CaCl2 extraction, proteolytic digestion, ethanol precipitation, and finally purified by DEAE cellulose chromatography. It migrated as a single component on cellulose acetate electrophoresis, and chemical and infrared spectral analysis showed the presence of covalently attached sulphate groups. The sulphated glycopeptide was distinguished from being a sulphated glycosaminoglycan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02012761
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