ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases  (40)
  • American Geophysical Union  (39)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • Oxford University Press
  • 11
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Intercomparison of volcanic gas monitoring methodologies performed on Vulcano Island, Italy (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Volcanic gas emissions from fumaroles on the rim of La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island, Italy, were measured simultaneously using direct sampling (for H2O, CO2, total sulfur, HCl and HF), filter packs (for SO2, HCl, HF) and short-path active-mode FTIR measurements (for H2O, CO2,SO2, HCl and HF) in an intercomparison study in May 2002. The results show that Cl/F ratios were in good agreement between all three methods, and that FTIR and direct sampling determined comparable proportions of CO2 and H2O. Amounts of total S observed in direct sampling data were approximately double the amounts of SO2 measured with filter packs and FTIR. This difference could be attributed either to the fact FTIR and filter packs do not measure reduced sulfur species (e.g., H2S) or to sublimation of elemental S upon exit from the fumarole, after collection by direct sampling but before detection with FTIR and filter packs.
    Description: Published
    Description: L02610
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: volcanic gas techniques ; gas geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 434088 bytes
    Format: 503 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: text/html
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 12
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Molecular and isotopic composition of free hydrocarbon gases from Sicily, Italy (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Chemical and isotopic data have been used as geochemical tracers for a genetic characterization of hydrocarbon gases from a total of eleven manifestations located in Eastern and Central-Southern Sicily (Italy). The molecular analysis shows that almost all the samples are enriched in methane (up to 93.2% Vol.), with the exception of four gas samples collected around Mt. Etna showing high mantle-derived CO2 content. Methane isotope signatures suggest that these are thermogenic gases or a mixture between thermogenic gases and microbial gases. Although samples from some mud volcanoes in Southern Sicily (Macalube di Aragona) show isotope signatures consistent with a mixing model between thermogenic and microbial, by combining the molecular compositions (C1/(C2 + C3))and the methane isotope ratios (d13C1), such a process seems to be excluded. Therefore, the occurrence of secondary post-genetic processes should be invoked. Two main hypotheses have been considered: the first hypothesis includes that the gas is produced by microbial activity and altered post-genetically by microbial oxidation of methane, while according to the second hypothesis thermogenic gas have modified their molecular ratios due to vertical migration.
    Description: Published
    Description: L06607
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Isotopic composition/chemistry ; Organic geochemistry ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 503 bytes
    Format: 1041380 bytes
    Format: text/html
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 13
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Emission of bromine and iodine from Mount Etna volcano (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Constraining fluxes of volcanic bromine and iodine to the atmosphere is important given the significant role these species play in ozone depletion. However, very few such measurements have been made hitherto, such that global volcanic fluxes are poorly constrained. Here we extend the data set of volcanic Br and I degassing by reporting the first measurements of bromine and iodine emissions from Mount Etna. These data were obtained using filter packs and contemporaneous ultraviolet spectroscopic SO2 flux measurements, resulting in time-averaged emission rates of 0.7 kt yr 1 and 0.01 kt yr 1 for Br and I, respectively, from April to October 2004, from which we estimate global Br and I fluxes of order 13 (range, 3â 40) and 0.11 (range, 0.04â 6.6) kt yr 1. Observed changes in plume composition highlight the coherent geochemical behavior of HCl, HF, HBr, and HI during magmatic degassing, and strong fractionation of these species with respect to SO2.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q08008
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: bromine and iodine in volcanic gases ; halogen atmospheric chemistry ; volcanic degassing ; volcanic plumes ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 503 bytes
    Format: 242159 bytes
    Format: text/html
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 14
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Accurate measurement of volcanic SO2 flux: Determination of plume transport speed and integrated SO2 concentration with a single device (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Ground-based measurements of volcanic sulfur dioxide fluxes are important indicators of volcanic activity, with application in hazard assessment, and understanding the impacts of volcanic emissions upon the environment and climate. These data are obtained by making traverses underneath the volcanic plume a few kilometers from source with an ultraviolet spectrometer, measuring integrated SO2 concentrations across the plume’s cross section, and multiplying by the plume’s transport speed. However, plume velocities are usually derived from ground-based anemometers, located many kilometers from the traverse route and hundreds of meters below plume altitude, complicating the experimental design and introducing large flux (can be 〉100%) errors. Here we present the first report of a single instrument capable of (accurate) volcanic SO2 flux measurements. This device records integrated SO2 concentrations and plume heights during traverses. Between traverses, two in-plume SO2 time series are measured from underneath the plume with the instrument, corresponding to zenith and inclined (user-specified angle from vertical in the direction of the volcano) fields of view, respectively. The distance between the points of intersection of the two views with the plume is found on the basis of the determined plume height, and the two signals are cross-correlated to determine the lag between them, enabling accurate derivation of the wind speed. We present flux data (with errors ±12%) obtained in this way at Mt. Etna during July 2004.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q02003
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: DOAS ; volcanic SO2 emissions. ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 503 bytes
    Format: 185006 bytes
    Format: text/html
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 15
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Deformation and eruptions at Mt. Etna (Italy): A lesson from 15 years of observations (2009)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Volcanoes deform as a consequence of the rise and storage of magma; once magma reaches a critical pressure, an eruption occurs. However, how the edifice deformation relates to its eruptive behavior is poorly known. Here, we produce a joint interpretation of spaceborne InSAR deformation measurements and volcanic activity at Mt. Etna (Italy), between 1992 and 2006. We distinguish two volcano-tectonic behaviors. Between 1993 and 2000, Etna inflated with a starting deformation rate of 1 cm yr 1 that progressively reduced with time, nearly vanishing between 1998 and 2000; moreover, low-eruptive rate summit eruptions occurred, punctuated by lava fountains. Between 2001 and 2005, Etna deflated, feeding higher-eruptive rate flank eruptions, along with large displacements of the entire East-flank. These two behaviors, we suggest, result from the higher rate of magma stored between 1993 and June 2001, which triggered the emplacement of the dike responsible for the 2001 and 2002–2003 eruptions. Our results clearly show that the joint interpretation of volcano deformation and stored magma rates may be crucial in identifying impending volcanic eruptions.
    Description: This work was partly funded by INGV and the Italian DPC and was supported by ASI, the Preview Project and CRdC-AMRA. DPC-INGV Flank project providing the funds for the publication fees.
    Description: Published
    Description: L02309
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: deformation ; eruptions ; Mt. Etna ; eruptive cycle ; InSAR ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 16
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Gas Flux Rate and Migration of the Magma Column (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 2002–2003 effusive eruption of Stromboli volcano represents an excellent opportunity to investigate the transition from effusive to explosive activity at an open-conduit basaltic system, when activity migrated from effusive vents, at the base of the craters, to summit explosions. The transition is investigated here through the analysis of very long period seismicity, delay times between infrasonic and thermal onsets of explosions, and SO2 flux recorded during a 1-year period. The synergy of the multiple geophysical observations points to a magma-driven migration of the magma column. Here the increased magma supply at the eruption onset lead to opening of effusive fissures, which draining the magma in the shallow conduit caused the decrease of the magma level. The decrease of the magma supply at the end of the effusion lead to sealing of effusive fissures, upraise of the magma level within the conduit, and reestablishment of explosive activity from the summit vents.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: 11
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Stromboli ; SO2 Flux ; Magma column ; Infrasound ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 17
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Volcanic plume monitoring at Mount Etna by diffusive (passive) sampling (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This paper reports the use of diffusive tubes in determining HF, HCl, and SO2 in the volcanic plume of Mount Etna in an attempt to highlight the potential of this method in studying volcanoes. In a first application a network of 18 diffusive tubes was installed on Etna flanks, aimed at evaluating the atmospheric dispersion of the volcanic plume on a local scale. Results showed a monotonic decrease in volatile air concentrations with distance from the craters (HF from 0.15 to 〈0.003 mmol m3, HCl from 2 to 〈0.01 mmol m3, and SO2 from 11 to 0.04 mmol m3), revealing the prevalently volcanic contribution. Matching of SO2/HCl and HCl/HF volatile ratios with contemporaneous measurements at the summit craters validated the use of diffusive tubes in tracing the chemical features of a volcanic plume from remote locations. A first tentative assessment of dry deposition rates of volcanogenic acidic gases was also made, yielding 2.5 74 t d1 (SO2), 0.6 17 t d1 (HCl), and 0.02 0.6 t d1 (HF) and revealing the potential environmental impact of gas emissions. In a second experiment, carried out during the recent October 2002 to February 2003 eruption of Etna, diffusive tubes provided a continuous record of the chemical composition of the eruptive plume from a safe distance of 1 km from the vents, thus considerably decreasing the risks involved in sampling. This highlighted a clear time decrease in SO2 concentrations and SO2/HCl ratios, which was interpreted as due to progressive exhaustion of volatile degassing and eruption energy.
    Description: Published
    Description: D21308
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: volcanic plumes ; impact of volcanic emissions ; sulfur and halogens chemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 597469 bytes
    Format: 503 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: text/html
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 18
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Volcanic gas emissions from the summit craters and flanks of Mt. Etna, 1987-2000 (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the last 13 years gas emissions from both the summit and the flanks of Mount Etna volcano have been monitored using remote sensing techniques (COSPEC, and FTIR since 2000) and on-site monitoring devices. The SO2 flux variations (600 to 25,000 Mg/day) indicated: (i) low values coinciding with deep seismicity prior to eruptions or/and preceding increases in summit volcanic activity; (ii) increasing trends tracking the ascent of fresh magma within the shallow feeding system and whose rate seems proportional to the speed of magma rise; (iii) decreasing trends related to progressive degassing of magma batches; (iv) an imbalance between the amount of magma erupted and that which contributed the SO2 emission (~ 13 % of the degassing magma having been erupted during the studied period), implying that magma degassing is dominantly intrusive; (v) a seasonal component, probably due to variations in solar zenith angle, meteorological parameters and, possibly, tidal forces.FTIR monitoring allowed to recognize significant variations of SO2/HCl and SO2/HF ratios in the volcanic plume which, combined with COSPEC data, provided new insight into the dynamics of ascent and degassing of discrete magma bodies. Strong variations in CO2-rich soil degassing are interpreted as markers of gradual magma ascent from great depth (〉10 km) to the upper (〈5 km) feeding system of Mt. Etna. These changes appear to precede increases in SO2 plume flux at the craters and, so, provide additional constraints upon the interpretation of COSPEC data and the modeling of magma rise at that volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: 111-128
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Gas emissions ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
    Format: 2782375 bytes
    Format: 503 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: text/html
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 19
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Nitrogen isotopes in thermal fluids of a forearc region (Jalisco Block, Mexico): evidence for heavy nitrogen from continental crust (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Jalisco Block (JB) is a geologically and tectonically complex part of northwestern Mexico characterized by active subduction-type volcanism, rifting, and old stable structures. Thermal springs and groups of springs are widely distributed over JB. Bubbling gas from seven thermal springs located within different tectonic environments of the JB was analyzed for He, 20Ne, and N2 concentrations and d15N ratios. All gases are N2-dominant (〉84%) with the exception of one sample (Rio´ Purificacio´n), which has a significant CH4 content (about 50%). All collected gas samples are relatively high in He, up to 1500 ppm vol and with 3He/4He values ranging from 0.6 to 4.5 Ra. All measured nitrogen isotope ratios are heavier than air with d15N values ranging from 0.5 to 5.0%. The relative N2 excess with respect to air-saturated water computed on the basis of N2 and 20Ne contents indicates the contribution of a nonatmospheric N2 source. All the samples show a good correlation between d15N and the relative excess of N2 with d15N +5.3% for the maximum N2 excess of 100%. Due to a presumed lack of seafloor sediment involved in the subduction process, such a d15N positive value seems to reflect the addition to the fluids of a heavy nitrogen originating from metamorphism processes of rocks occurring within the overlying continental crust.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-9
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: bubbling gases ; forearc region ; Jalisco Block-Mexico ; nitrogen isotopes ; subduction-related volcanism ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 532399 bytes
    Format: 503 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: text/html
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 20
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Chemical mapping of a fumarolic field: La Fossa Crater, Vulcano Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy) (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The performance of a newly-developed portable gas analyzer, capable of real-time measurement of CO2, SO2 and H2S concentrations in volcanic gases, was tested at La Fossa Crater, Vulcano Island. The gas analyzer was used to acquire about 3000 determinations over the fumarolic field, allowing the definition of its chemical structure and heterogeneity. Our high-resolution analysis reveals that, in December 2004, the La Fossa fumarolic field was characterized by an oxidized inner core (SO2/H2S ratios of 3), and by more reducing conditions on its northern edge (SO2/H2S ratios of 1; range: 0.2–3.3). CO2/(SO2+H2S) molar ratios averaged 35 ± 21, with overlapping compositions for rim and inner crater fumaroles. S-poor compositions (CO2/(SO2+H2S) 50) characterized the field margins, probably due to deposition of native sulfur. Based on the above data and an SO2 flux of 18 ± 3 t.d-1, we estimate CO2 and H2S output rates from the volcano of 420 ± 250 and 4 ± 2 t.d-1, respectively.
    Description: Published
    Description: L13309
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: electrochemical sensors ; fumarolic gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 503 bytes
    Format: 253439 bytes
    Format: text/html
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...