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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology  (12)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous
  • black carbon
  • Seismological Society of America  (10)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (6)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 1
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    Paleoseismological Evidence of Recent Earthquakes on the 1967 MudurnuValley Earthquake Segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (2007)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This study contributes paleoseismological data on the recent history of surface-rupturing earthquakes on the southern (main) branch of the North Anatolian fault zone (NAFZ, Turkey), west of the Bolu basin. We focused on the fault segment that ruptured during the 1967 Mudurnu Valley earthquake (Ms 7.1), which preceded the devastating earthquakes of 1999 in the sequence of westward-migrating NAFZ earthquakes since 1939. Geomorphological mapping was carried out in a search for trenching sites on the central part of the 22 July 1967 earthquake segment. In the absence of locations in sedimentary environments best suited for paleoseismological interpretation of faulted Holocene deposits, we trenched fluvial channel deposits at a terrace of the graveldominated Mudurnu River. The most conservative interpretation of the trench stratigraphy and faulting evidence suggests that at least one paleoearthquake (most probably two) occurred after A.D. 1693. The 1967 earthquake segment has ruptured at least once since the historical earthquake of A.D. 1668, which was previously considered to be a likely candidate for the penultimate event, and before 1967. It is not possible to confidently assign the penultimate event to one of the post A.D. 1693 historical earthquakes in the broader area around the Mudurnu Valley (e.g., the earthquake of A.D. 1719) because the historical data published so far do not provide conclusive information about when past ruptures of the Mudurnu Valley branch of the NAFZ (a secluded area) did or did not take place.
    Description: European Community project RELIEF
    Description: Published
    Description: 1646-1661
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Paleoseismicity ; Turkey ; North Anatolian Fault ; 1967 earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Late Holocene Earthquakes on the Aeropuerto Fault, Managua, Nicaragua (2008)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Managua, capital of Nicaragua, is built on the shore of Lake Managua, within a densely faulted graben at a major discontinuity in the Central American volcanic chain. Shallow moderate earthquakes (Ms 6–6.2) ruptured faults with devastating effect at the heart of urban Managua in 1931 and 1972, and damaging earthquakes are cataloged in the earlier history of the surrounding region. The Aeropuerto fault is a major structure in the Managua Graben, but like other faults in this area its behavior is little understood. Paleoseismic investigations now suggest that the most recent large earthquake on this fault occurred sometime during the interval A.D. 1650–1810. An earlier earthquake on this fault occurred prior to A.D. 1390 and possibly around 2000 B.P. On the basis of stratigraphic correlations we estimate the ages of two shorelines associated with former high stands of Lake Managua to be less than 6.4 ka and approximately 2 ka, respectively. Deformation of these abandoned shorelines adjacent to the Aeropuerto fault implies a vertical slip rate of 0.3 to 0.9 mm/yr. Strikeslip movement on this fault is also expected, but no direct measurement could be performed. By comparison with faults of similar geometry in the Managua area that ruptured in 1931 and 1972, we suspect a left-lateral component of horizontal slip that is higher than the vertical one but less than 5 mm/yr. Additional data on slip rate and timing of paleoearthquakes are needed to better assess the Holocene behavior of the Managua faults and to investigate the influence of magmatic processes on the nature of faulting in the Managua Graben.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1694-1707
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: palaeoseismology ; Aeropuerto Fault ; Managua, Nicaragua ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    A Reappraisal of the 1894 Atalanti Earthquake Surface Ruptures, Central Greece (2008)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This article presents the results of new field and aerial photo surveys of the Atalanti fault and of the mesoseismal area of the 20 and 27 April 1894 earthquakes. Coupled with a reanalysis of contemporary reports and previous investigations, these are used to gain a better understanding of the faults responsible for these events and their seismic behavior. The first shock was smaller and probably located inshore or offshore the Malessina peninsula. No resolving field evidence has been found to locate the seismogenic structure responsible for this shock. On the basis of the limited information available, we suggest the Malessina escarpment, a 12-km-long, ENE-trending, NW-dipping fault as a possible structure responsible for this event. On the other hand, the second and largest shock is definitely related to the Atalanti fault sensu stricto, a main WNW-trending, N-dipping active fault extending between the Platirema valley (a few km NW of the town of Atalanti) and Larymna. The total length of the rupture recognized in the field is about 32 km, but it can be extended further SE up to 40 km. No evidence for a longer rupture extending some other 20 km to the NW, between the Karagiozis river and Ag. Kostantinos, is found. The complex geometry of the fault with bends and step overs appears to be controlled by preexisting transverse structures. Minimum coseismic vertical throws, measured in the field after more than a century elapsed from the earthquake, are 30–80 cm, thus consistent with contemporary reports indicating 1-m average. Slip rates are not well constrained. The available estimates fall in the range 0.1–0.5 mm/yr confirming the smaller amount of crustal extension taking place in this area with respect to other nearby regions such as the Corinth gulf. No new data are available to define the average recurrence interval typical of the Atalanti fault. However, a reconsideration of the existing information induced us to rule out the possibility that the famous 426 B.C. earthquake occurred on the Atalanti fault. On the basis of the extent and size of the rupture recognized in the field, a M 6.8 is estimated for the second and largest shock.
    Description: Published
    Description: 760-780
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Surface rupture ; 1894 Atalanti Earthquake ; Greece ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Paleoseismological Trenching across the Atalanti Fault (Central Greece): Evidence for the Ancestors of the 1894 Earthquake during the Middle Ages and Roman Times (2008)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Atalanti fault bounds to the southwest the Evoikos Gulf, one of the major extensional basins of central Greece. This fault ruptured during the 1894 earthquakes, producing at the surface a complex, ca. 30-km-long rupture. Paleoseismological trenching performed at three sites along this fault provided the first insights on its seismogenic behavior. Unfavorable trench stratigraphy and scarcity of datable material made the identification and characterization of individual paleoearthquakes quite difficult. However, by integrating paleoseismological, geological, historical, and archaeoseismological data, we defined three surface-faulting earthquakes. The most recent event is the 1894 earthquake; the penultimate occurred during the Middle Ages between A.D. 770 and 1160, whereas the third event back occurred in Roman times between 50 B.C. and A.D. 230 and is interpreted to be the Opus earthquake of A.D. 105. These results suggest that 1894-type earthquakes repeat each 660–1120 yr. The average minimum slip per event and vertical slip rates are of the order of 45 cm and 0.4–1.6 mm/yr, respectively. These values are in agreement with other geological estimates and with geodetic measurements. Because of the short time elapsed since the 1894 earthquake, the Atalanti fault does not appear to contain an important seismogenic potential. On the other hand, these results may shed light on the potential of other seismogenic sources threatening the area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 531-549
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: palaeoseismology ; 1894 Atalanti Earthquake ; Greece ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Rise and fall of a hypothesized seismic gap: source complexity in the 16 December 1857, Southern Italy earthquake (Mw 7.0) . (2008)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On 16 December 1857, a strong earthquake (M ∼7) struck a large portion of the southern Apennines about 150 km southeast of Naples. The earthquake was thoroughly investigated by Irish engineer Robert Mallet, who wrote an extensive report that is still regarded as a landmark in observational seismology. Because of the concentration of damage in the High Agri valley, and contrary to Mallet’s own findings, for many years the earthquake was referred to as the “Val d’Agri earthquake” and was believed by most investigators to have ruptured the 20–25-km normal fault lying beneath this intermontane basin. The magnitude of the earthquake, however, and evidence for earthquake complexity suggest that the true rupture length has been so far underestimated. We contend that the 1857 earthquake ruptured in a cascade fashion two adjacent and relatively well-known faults: first the smaller Melandro–Pergola fault, commonly believed to represent a seismic gap between the causative faults of the 1857 and of the 1980 Irpinia (Mw 6:9) earthquakes; and then the larger Agri valley fault proper. Contemporary chronicles reported a time lapse of 2–3 min between the two ruptures, thus effectively making them two independent shocks. The rupture must have proceeded unilaterally from the northwestern edge of the Melandro–Pergola fault, where Mallet placed the earthquake epicenter, thus explaining the concentration of damage—and attention by rescue crews and subsequent investigators—in the southeastern portion of the High Agri valley.
    Description: This work was funded by the project Assessing the Seismogenic Potential and the Probability of Strong Earthquakes in Italy, funded by the Italian Civil Defense Department within the 2004–2006 agreement with the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia grant to P. Burrato.
    Description: Published
    Description: 139-148
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: 1857 Basilicata earthquake ; southern Italy ; Val d'Agri ; seismic gap ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Multiple hydro-fracturing by boron-rich fluids in the Late Miocene contact aureole of eastern Elba Island (Tuscany, Italy) (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In eastern Elba Island (Tuscany, Italy), a shallow crustal level felsic, tourmaline-bearing, dyke-sill swarm of Late Miocene age is associated with abundant tourmaline-quartz hydrothermal veins and metasomatic masses. Development of these veins and masses in the host rocks demonstrates multiple hydro-fracturing by magmatic, boron-rich saline fluid. Tourmalines in felsic dykes are schorl, whereas in veins and metasomatic masses, tourmaline composition ranges from schorl-dravite through dravite to uvite. This compositional shift is evidence for an increasing contribution to the magmatic boron-rich fluids by a Mg-Ca-Ti-rich external component represented by biotite-rich and amphibolite host rocks. This system can be envisaged as an exposed proxy of the high temperature hydrothermal system presently active in the deepest part of the Larderello-Travale geothermal field (Tuscany).
    Description: Published
    Description: 318-326
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Hydro-fractures ; geothermal systems ; Magmatism ; southern Tuscany ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Recasting Historical Earthquakes in Coastal Areas (Gargano Promontory, Italy): Insights From Marine Paleoseismology (2011)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Historical earthquakes of the Gargano Promontory, an uplifted foreland sector in southeastern Italy, have been usually regarded as generated by inland faults. Some have been associated with activity of the Mattinata Fault, a section of a regional E-W shear zone. The 10 August 1893, Mw 5.4 is one of such earthquakes, but its current onshore location is only loosely based on the damage pattern. Regions that were hit by offshore earthquakes are also known to be affected by a methodological bias such that offshore historical events appear to be located onshore. To test this condition for the 1893 earthquake we pursued an alternative hypothesis for its location. The earthquake occurred near the Gondola Fault Zone, a right-lateral active fault system representing the offshore counterpart of the Mattinata Fault and hence capable of producing sizable earthquakes along the Gargano coast. We focused on its westernmost segment, suggesting that it could be the causative fault of the 1893 earthquake, in agreement with both the damage distribution and reported environmental effects. The approach we present works side by side with the recent developments of the algorithms used to compile historical catalogues, providing a fine-scale, geologically-based method to define or confirm the dubious location of historical earthquakes. Marine Paleoseismology is a new field stemming from the increased capabilities of high-resolution marine techniques in supporting classical paleoseismological analyses for the exploration of the seismogenic potential of offshore faults. Based on Late Pleistocene and Holocene individual or cumulative earthquake records, the potential of offshore faults can now be constrained in terms of expected magnitude and recurrence intervals. We stress the importance of revisiting historical earthquakes in coastal zones using marine paleoseismological data to assess regional seismic hazard, particularly in tectonic settings where regional-size seismogenic areas straddle the onshore and the offshore.
    Description: UF was financially supported by MIUR (Italian Ministry of Education and Research) FIRB Project “AIRPLANE”. This research has also benefited from funding provided by the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri – Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC). Scientific papers funded by DPC do not represent its official opinion and policies. This is ISMAR-Bologna contribution n. 1720.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-17
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Adriatic foreland ; Gondola Fault Zone ; macroseismic intensity ; seismic hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Archaeoseismic Evidence of Two Neolithic (7,500–6,000 B.C.) Earthquakes at Tell es-Sultan, Ancient Jericho, Dead Sea Fault (2013)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: None
    Description: Published
    Description: 639-648
    Description: 3.10. Storia ed archeologia applicate alle Scienze della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: archaeoseismology, Jericho, neolithic earthquakes, Dead Sea fault, Palestine ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Evidence for surface rupture associated with the Mw 6.3 L’Aquila earthquake sequence of April 2009 (central Italy) (2010)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: An earthquake of Mw=6.3 struck L’Aquila town (central Italy) on April 6, 2009 rupturing an approximately 18 km long SW-dipping normal fault. The aftershock area extended for a length of more than 35 km and included major aftershocks on April 7 and 9, and thousands of minor events. Surface faulting occurred along the SW-dipping Paganica fault with a continuous extent of ~2.5 km. Ruptures consist of open cracks and vertical dislocations or warps (0.1 maximum throw) with an orientation of N130°-N140°. Small triggered slip and shaking effects also took place along nearby synthetic and antithetic normal faults. The observed limited extent, and small surface displacement, of the Paganica ruptures with respect to the height of the fault scarps and vertical throws of paleoearthquakes along faults in the area, puts the faulting associated with the L’Aquila earthquake in perspective with respect to the maximum expected magnitude, and the regional seismic hazard.
    Description: In press
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: 2009 L’Aquila seismic sequence ; co-seismic surface effects ; earthquake geology ; normal faulting earthquake ; Abruzzi, central Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    EPcrust : A reference crustal model for the European plate (2011)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present a new crustal model for the European plate, derived from collection and critical integration of information selected from the literature. The model covers the whole European plate from North Africa to the North Pole (20N - 90N) and from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge to the Urals (40W - 70E). The chosen parameterization represents the crust in three layers (sediments, upper crust and lower crust), and describes the 3D geometry of the interfaces and seismologically-relevant parameters — isotropic P- and S-wave velocity, plus density — with a resolution of 0.5 × 0.5 degrees on a geographical latitude-longitude grid. We selected global and local models, derived from geological assumptions, active seismic experiments, surface-wave studies, noise correlation, receiver functions. Model EPcrust presents significant advantages with respect to previous models: it covers the whole European plate; it is a complete and internally-consistent model (with all the parameters provided, also for the sedimentary layer); it is reproducible; it is easy to update in the future by adding new contributions; and it is available in a convenient digital format. EPcrust could be used to account for crustal structure in seismic wave propagation modeling at continental scale or to compute linearized crustal corrections in continental-scale seismic tomography, gravity studies, dynamic topography and other applications that require a reliable crustal structure. Because of its resolution, our model is not suited for local-scale studies, such as the computation of earthquake scenarios, where more detailed knowledge of the structure is required. We plan to update the model as new data will become available, and possibly improve its resolution for selected areas in the future.
    Description: Published
    Description: 352-364
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Europe ; crust ; crustal properties ; Moho ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.01. Composition and state
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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